SRC TR-10-119

HPV4 CHEMICAL DATA ADEQUACY REVIEW

Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hyrdogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides, 

CAS No. 61789-73-9

Prepared by:

Chris Janson, Justine Von Runnen, and Joan D. Garey

Chemical, Biological and Environmental Center

SRC, Inc.

7502 Round Pond Road

North Syracuse, NY 13212

Contract No. EP-W-09-027

Task FG007.0.009.002

Submitted to:

OPPT/RAD/HPVCB (7403M)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue

Washington, D.C. 20460

Elizabeth Margosches, Alternate Project Officer

Meena Sonawane, Work Assignment Manager

David Brooks, Alternate Work Assignment Manager

July 9, 2010
HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review

Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides, 

CAS No. 61789-73-9

July 2010

Submitted to:

High Production Volume Chemicals Branch 

Risk Assessment Division 

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 

Environmental Protection Agency 

WAM: Meena Sonawane

Alternate WAM: David Brooks

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20460-0001

Prepared By:

SRC, Inc. 

Environmental Science Center 

2451 Crystal Drive, Suite 804 

Arlington, VA 22202
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

1

A. PREPARATION OF THE DATA ADEQUACY ASSESSMENTS

A-1. Source material used for assessment

For this unsponsored chemical, a comprehensive literature search was performed to 

identify available toxicity data for the following SIDS endpoints:

Acute toxicity to fish

Acute toxicity to Daphnia

Toxicity to aquatic plants

Acute (oral, dermal, inhalation) toxicity

Repeated-dose toxicity

Reproductive toxicity

Developmental toxicity

Gene mutation

Chromosomal aberrations

Studies relevant to non-SIDS endpoints (e.g., eye and skin irritation; neurotoxicity) conducted 

via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes were also identified through literature searching.

The following sources were searched for toxicity data:

PubMed - Bibliographic database that contains references to journal articles in the life 

sciences with a concentration on biomedicine

TOXNET -National Library of Medicine databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, 

environmental health, and toxic releases; includes: 

• TOXLINE with BIOSIS and NTIS;

• Development and Reproductive Toxicology File (DART);

• Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS) -

Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity test results for over 8000 

• chemicals);

• Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) - Comprehensive, peerreviewed toxicology data for about 5000 chemicals;

• Genetic Toxicology Data Bank (GENE-TOX) - Peer-reviewed genetic 

toxicology test data for over 3000 chemicals.

TSCATS - Unpublished technical reports submitted by industry to the EPA under the 

Toxic Substances Control Act]

Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances (RTECs)

Environmental Fate Database (EFDB)

ECOTOX -EPA’s peer-reviewed ecotoxicology database
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) website

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) website

National Toxicology Program (NTP) website

International Program on Chemical Safety Concise International Chemical Assessment 

Documents (IPCS INCHEM or CICADs)

European Chemical Substances Information System (ESIS) - source of IUCLID Datasets

Any available IUCLID Datasets found through the ESIS website and robust summaries 

submitted to EPA by former sponsors on the assigned chemicals were retrieved. Original 

sources were obtained for any relevant toxicity data found for the assigned chemicals. 

While IUCLID Datasets sometimes contained studies of interest, certain study 

descriptions contained insufficient detail to assess adequacy. In these cases, the primary source 

of the study, if available and accessible, was obtained and reviewed.

A-2. Evaluating data adequacy

Using standard OECD testing guidelines and professional judgment as guides, available 

toxicity studies for the unsponsored chemical were reviewed for adequacy. Summaries were 

prepared for all relevant data found, even if little or no study detail was available. Each study 

was summarized according to a standard format and assigned a Klimisch reliability code; all 

study summaries for the chemical were combined into a single summary document. For studies 

already assigned Klimisch codes (e.g., studies summarized in IUCLID datasets), an explanation 

was provided if the reviewer’s assessment of data adequacy differed from the pre-assigned 

Klimisch code. A table summarizing data availability/adequacy for each SIDS endpoint is 

included at the end of the summary document. 

B. SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON THE AVAILABLE TOXICITY DATA

The available data for each of the SIDS toxicity endpoints are evaluated on the following 

pages. Studies for a common endpoint are grouped together in the document and an endpoint 

adequacy assessment is provided near the top of the first page of the summaries for that 

endpoint. If the data available for the endpoint is determined to be inadequate, a basis for that 

conclusion is supplied. 

No data were located for the unsponsored chemical quaternary ammonium compounds, 

benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides (CAS No. 61789-73-9). However, this 

chemical was evaluated as belonging to the Group II Quat Cluster group. The Group II Quat 

Cluster group consists of structurally similar quaternary ammonium compounds (“quats”) that 

are characterized by having positively charged nitrogen covalently bonded to three alkyl group 

substituents and a benzyl substituent. In finished form, these quats are salts with the positively 
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

3

charged nitrogen (cation) balanced by a negatively charged molecule (anion). The most common 

anion for the quats in this cluster is chloride. 

Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC, CAS No. 53516-76-0) is a member 

of the Group II Quat Cluster. Hazard data generated for ADBAC is representative of the hazard 

associated with this class of quaternary ammonium compounds. In this data adequacy review 

document, data on ADBAC was used to represent the hazard of quaternary ammonium 

compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides.
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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B-1. TOXICITY TO AQUATIC VERTEBRATES

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Study 1: Acute toxicity study on ADBAC in bluegill sunfish

Title: Daily Static-Renewal Acute 96-Hour Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Bluegill Sunfish

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 30% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1075 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

5

Element value: LC50 = 0.515 mg/L; NOAEC = 0.456 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Highly toxic

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 419472-01. Pate, H.O. and D.O. McIntyre. 1991. Daily Static-Renewal Acute 96-Hour 

Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Bluegill Sunfish. 

Study No. SC890050. Unpublished data. Conducted by Batelle Columbus Division for ADBAC

Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1].pdf)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 2: Acute toxicity of ADBAC to fathead minnow

Title: Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.28 mg/L; NOAEC = Not Determined (a.i.)

Remarks: Highly toxic
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 437401-03. Sword, M.C. and L. Stuerman. 1993. Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of 

ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Study No. 41237. Unpublished data. 

Conducted by ABC Laboratories Inc. for ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties 

Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1].pdf)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 3: Acute static-renewal toxicity study of ADBAC to fathead minnow

Title: Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in 

Dilution Water Amended with 20 mg/L Humic Acid

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to deviations from the guideline, including the 

addition of 20 mg/L humic acid to dilution water.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Deviations from guideline include additions of 20 mg/L humic acid to 

dilution water

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 1.4 mg/L; NOAEC = 0.99 mg/L (a.i.)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Remarks: Moderately toxic

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as moderately toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

3

REFERENCES

MRID 437401-01. Sword, M.C. and L. Stuerman. 1993. Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of 

ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in Dilution Water Amended with 20 mg/L 

Humic Acid. Study No. 41235. Unpublished data. Conducted by ABC Laboratories, Inc. for 

ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1].pdf)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 4: Acute static-renewal toxicity study of ADBAC to fathead minnow in water amended 

with humic acid

Title: Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in 

Dilution Water Amended with 10 mg/L Humic Acid

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to deviations from the guideline, including the 

addition of 10 mg/L humic acid to dilution water.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Guideline deviations include 10 mg/L humic acid added to dilution water

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.77 mg/L; NOAEC = 0.53 mg/L (a.i.)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Remarks: Highly toxic

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

3

REFERENCES

MRID 437401-02. Sword, M.C. and L. Stuerman. 1993. Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity of 

ADBAC to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in Dilution Water Amended with 10 mg/L 

Humic Acid. Study No. 41236. Unpublished data. Conducted by ABC Laboratories, Inc. for 

ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1].pdf)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 5: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in fathead minnow

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to missing critical study information.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Flow-through

Species/strain/supplier: Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.36 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Highly toxic
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

3 – Missing data

REFERENCES

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 6: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC to rainbow trout

Title: Daily Static-Renewal Acute 96-Hour Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Rainbow Trout

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 30% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.923 mg/L; NOAEC = 0.619 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Highly toxic
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 419472-02. Pate, H.O. and D.O. McIntyre. 1991. Daily Static-Renewal Acute 96-Hour 

Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Rainbow Trout. 

Study No. SC890051. Unpublished data. Conducted by Batelle Columbus Division for ADBAC 

Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association. 

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 7: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in rainbow trout

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to missing critical study information.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Flow-through

Species/strain/supplier: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 1.01 mg/L (a.i.)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Remarks: Highly/moderately toxic

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly/moderately toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

3 – Data missing

REFERENCES

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 8: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in sheepshead minnow

Title: A 96-Hour Static Renewal Acute Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium 

Chloride (ADBAC) in the Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1075 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.86 mg/L (a.i.); NOAEC = 0.68 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Highly toxic
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 424795-02. Sved, D.W., J.P. Swigert, and G.J. Smith. 1992. A 96-Hour Static Renewal 

Acute Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the 

Sheepshead Minno (Cyprinodon variegatus). Project No. 350A-102. Unpublished data. 

Conducted by Wildlife International Ltd. for ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties 

Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 9. Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in inland silverslide

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to missing critical study information as well as testing 

of a non-standard species.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Flow-through

Species/strain/supplier: Inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.31 mg/L (a.i.)
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Remarks: Highly toxic

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as highly toxic to fish

RELIABILITY CODE

3- Data missing; Non-guideline species

REFERENCES

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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B-2. TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Study 1: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in Daphnia magna

Title: Daily Static-Renewal Acute 48-Hour Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Ammonium 

Chloride (ADBAC) to Daphnia magna. 

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 30% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1010

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Water flea (Daphnia magna)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 48 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Element value: EC50 = 0.0059 mg/L; NOAEC = Not Determined (a.i.)

Remarks: Very highly toxic 

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 419472 -03. Pate, H.O. and D.O. McIntyre. 1991. Daily Static-Renewal Acute 48-Hour 

Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Daphnia magna. Study No. 

SC 890052. Unpublished data. Conducted by Batelle Columbus Division for ADBAC Quat 

Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 2: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in Daphnia magna

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to missing critical study information.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Flow-through

Species/strain/supplier: Water flea (Daphnia magna)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 48 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.02 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Very highly toxic 
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

RELIABILITY CODE

3- Data Missing

REFERENCES

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

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Study 3. Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in saltwater mysid

Title: A 96-Hour Static-Renewal Acute Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium 

Chloride (ADBAC) in the Saltwater Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia)

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1035

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Not stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.092 mg/L (a.i.); NOAEC = 0.047 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Very highly toxic 
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

27

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 424795-01. Sved, D.W., J.P. Swigert, and G.J. Smith. 1992. A 96-Hour Static-Renewal 

Acute Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the 

Saltwater Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia). Project No. 350A-101A. Unpublished data. Conducted by 

Wildlife International Ltd. for ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers 

Association.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
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28

Study 4: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in mysid shrimp

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to missing critical study information.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Flow-through

Species/strain/supplier: Mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 96 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Guideline deviations included testing conducted at higher temperature.

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.08 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Very highly toxic 
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

29

CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

RELIABILITY CODE

3- Data missing

REFERENCES

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
Draft HPV4 Chemical Data Adequacy Review CAS No. 61789-73-9

30

Study 5: Acute toxicity study of ADBAC in eastern oyster

Title: A 48-Hour Static Acute Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 

(ADBAC) in Embryo Larvae of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to the presence of high mortality in control groups.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static

Species/strain/supplier: Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) (embryo larvae)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 48 hours

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: None stated

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LC50 = 0.055 mg/L (a.i.)

Remarks: Very highly toxic 
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CONCLUSIONS 

Categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

RELIABILITY CODE

3- High control mortality

REFERENCES

MRID 424795-03. Sved, D.W., J.P. Swigert, and G.J. Smith. 1992. A 48-Hour Static Acute 

Toxicity Test with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in Embryo Larvae of 

the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Unpublished data. Conducted by Wildlife 

International Ltd. for ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers

Assocation.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
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B-3. TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Study 1: Toxicity study of alkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride in Dunaliella sp.

Title: Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Quaternary Alkylammonium Chloride 

and their Complexes on Dunaliella sp. and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to testing of a non-standard species.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Alkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride (R = C12-14); abbreviated as BM

Remarks: Purity > 97.5%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

Test type: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year: circa 1995

Species/strain/supplier: Dunaliella sp.

Element Basis: Not stated

Exposure Period: 24 hours

Analytical Monitoring: Not stated

Statistical Methods: Not stated

Method remarks: 

The test chemical was dissolved with water to make a final concentration between 2 and 0.1 mM.

Dunaliella sp. isolated from an Antarctic high salt lake by Watanuki et al. was used to test the 

biological effects of surfactacts by determining glycerol content of the cells. The precultures of 

test algae were incubtated at 20 +/- 1 C under continuous lightening at 140 μE/m2

/s and sterile 
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aeration through 0.2-μm filter for approximately 7 days. Modified Johnson’s medium was used 

in this study. The algal culture was taken from a preculture in the exponential growth phase. 

The initial cell density was about 6 x 106 cells/ml, as counted by Microcellcounter F-800. The 

200-ml algal culture and the stepwise graded concentration of BM were added to 300-ml culture 

bottles with two replicates of each concentration. These cultures were incubated without shaking 

and aeration of 24 h at 20 +/- 1 C under continuous lightening at 140 μE/m2

/s using a controlled 

environmental incubator shaker. The number of cells in the control was almost unchanged from 

the initial density during the 24-h incubation. The coefficient of the control cells was 15.1%

The glycerol contents at each concentration level of the test chemicals were measured by HNMR after 24 h. The dose-response curves were drawn by plotting the glycerol contents, which 

were shown with the percent of untreated control without surfactant in the ordinate and the 

concentration of surfactant in the abscissa. The 24-h EC50 and 95% confidence level were 

calculated by Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method.

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: 24-hour EC50 = 1.8 mg/L (effect on glycerol content)

Remarks: None

CONCLUSIONS

RELIABILITY CODE

3

REFERENCE

Utsunomiya, A., T. Watanuki, K. Matsushita, and I. Tomita, “Toxic Effects of Linear 

Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Quaternary Alkylammonium Chloride and Their Complexes on 

Dunaliella sp. and Chlorella pyrenoidosa”. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16(6):1247-1254; 1997
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Study 2: Toxicity study of alkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Title: Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Quaternary Alkylammonium Chloride 

and their Complexes on Dunaliella sp. and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Alkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride (R = C12-14); abbreviated as BM

Remarks: Purity > 97.5%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

Test type: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year: circa 1995

Species/strain/supplier: Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Element Basis: area under the curve

Exposure Period: 96 hours

Analytical Monitoring: Not stated

Statistical Methods: Not stated

Method remarks: Chlorella pyrenoidosa was supplied by the Institute of Molecular and 

Cellular Bioscience. The precultures of test alga were incubated at 25 +/- 1 C under continuous 

lightening at 140 μE/m2

/s and sterile aeration through a 0.2-mm filter for approximately 7 days. 

A modified Bristol medium was used.

The concentration ranges in which inhibitory effects were likely to occur were determined from 

range-finding tests. The 400-mL culture medium and the algal inoculums taken from a 

preculture in the exponential growth phase were added to 500-mL sterile culture bottles. The 

initial algal density was approximately 1 x 104 cells/mL. The stepwise graded concentrations of 

BM, with more than four concentrations with two replicates each , were added to each test 

solution. The test solutions were incubated at 24+/- 2 C under continuous lightening at 140 

μE/m2

/s with slow continuous shaking (100 rpm) for 96 h using controlled environment 
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incubator shaker. A 100- to 10-mL portion of each test solution was centrifuged at 1,900 g for 

15 min at 5 C. Chlorophyll-a concentration, an indicator of cell growth, was measured every 24 

h from the start of this test to 96 h by Parsons and Strickland’s method.

The growth curves for each concentration of test substance and for the control were obtained by 

plotting the chlorophyll-a concentration in the ordinate and the incubation time in the abscissa. 

Following OECD test guidelines, the areas under the growth curves were calculated every 24 h 

until 96 h, and the percentage of growth inhibition was calculated from the ratio of the difference 

between the area under the growth curve at each substance concentration. The 96-h EC50 and 

95% confidence level were calculated by Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method.

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: EC50 = 0.67 mg/L

Remarks: None

CONCLUSIONS

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCE

Utsunomiya, A., T. Watanuki, K. Matsushita, and I. Tomita

Toxic Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Quaternary Alkylammonium Chloride and 

Their Complexes on Dunaliella sp. and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 16(6):1247-1254

1997
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Study 3: Toxicity study of Hyamine 3500 in Cladophora glomerata

Title: Interpretation of Ultrastructral Changes in Cladophora glomerata Resulting from 

Hyamine Toxicity

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This is not a guideline study and provides no LD50.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Hyamine 3500, synonym for quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-16-

alkyldimethyl, chlorides

Remarks: 80% concentrate in ethanol

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

Test type: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year: circa 1992

Species/strain/supplier: Cladophora glomerata

Element Basis: Not stated

Exposure Period: 4 days

Analytical Monitoring: Not stated

Statistical Methods: Not stated

Method remarks: The test filamentous species, Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz. (UTTC #13)

was obtained from the University of Toronto Culture Collection (UTCC). The alga was 

originally isolated from the Thames River, Ontario. The algal culture was maintained in Bold’s 

Basal Medium (BBM) (Hutchinson and Stokes 1975) supplemented with a vitamin mix (B12, 

biotin and thiamine), and 5 mg/L Si as NaSiO3 x 9H2O

Chlorella fusca Shihira et Krauss, a unicellular alga, obtained from the laboratory at the Canada 

Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, was the other species used in the tests.

Hyamine 3500, was purchased from the Rohm and Haas Company. This algicide is an 80% 
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concentrate in ethanol, containing the active ingredient n-alkyl (80% tetradecyl, 40% dodecyl 

and 10% hexadecyl) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The molecular weight of the 

chemical is 359.6. Stable and nonvolatile, it has been recommended by the company (Rohm and 

Haas 1978) as a disinfectant in swimming pools at low concentrations.

Algal assays were conducted in duplicate in 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL BBM 

solution. The toxicity range of Hyamine for Cladophora was tested at the beginning of the 

study. In the final assays, the Hyamine concentrations were set at 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 

mg/L. Zero Hyamine concentration was used as a control. About 0.5 g (wet weight) of 

Cladophora filament was used as the inoculums. The cultures were incubated for 4 days at 20 C 

in an environmental chamber where the light and dark cycle was set at 12:12 and the light 

intensity was 60 μEin/m2/sec. 

On day 4, a small amount of plant material was removed from each concentration for 

morphological examination using a light microscope. One set of samples was put aside for 

electron microscopic preparation; the other set was incubated for another 3 weeks for further 

morphological evaluations. These tests were repeated at the end of the experiment. 

For electron microscope studies, Cladophora filaments were fixed in 4% (cacodylate-buffered) 

glutaraldehyde for 6 hr and then postfixed in 2% (cacodylate-buffered) osium tetroxide for 1 hr. 

The dehydration ethanol series was 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% and 100%.

For infiltration, the Spurr’s medium (Hayat 1989) to ethanol ratios were 1:3, 1:2, and 2:3 v/v. 

The Cladophora filaments were then embedded in 100% Spurr’s medium in an aluminum dish. 

The samples were polymerized at 70 C overnight. 

A dissecting microscope was used to locate the apical cells on the plastic. After they were 

marked, small columns of specimens were cut out with a jeweller’s saw. Thin sections were 

prepared with a glass knife on a microtome. These sections were then stained with uranyl 

acetate and lead citrate. Observations were made using a Siemens electron microscope.

To assess the effect of Hyamine on Chlorella cells, a conventional method based on growth 

measurements was used (Miller et al. 1978). A Chlorella pre-culture was prepared. The 

Hyamine concentrations used were the same as those employed in the Cladophora assays. On 

day 7, when the pre-culture reached its logarithmic growth phase, the Chlorella cells were ready 

for inoculation. The initial cell concentration in the test solution was 40 x103 cells/L. After 

inoculation, the culture flasks were mounted on a platform shaker and incubated for 14 days in a 

growth chamber. Cells numbers were enumerated at 4 day intervals and at the end of the 

experiment when the algal biomass reached its growth plateau.

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/L
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Remarks: 

Hyamine conc (mg/L) Chlorella fusca avg. yield (105 cells/mL) after 

14 days

control 14.5

0.15 13.6

0.20 15.3

0.30 13.9

0.40 no data

0.50 14.6

0.60 10.8

0.80 no growth

1.00 no growth

CONCLUSIONS

RELIABILITY CODE

3

REFERENCE

Wong, S.L., and J.F. Wainwright. “Interpretation of Ultrastructural Changes in Cladophora 

glomerata Resulting from Hyamine Toxicity”. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 52(3):325-332; 

1994
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Study 4. Toxicity study of ADBAC in green algae

Title: Environmental Assessment of an Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory Tests. 

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to deviations from accepting testing guidelines.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 50% (2.5 mg/L) plus Bentonite Clay at concentrations of 0:0, 2.5:25, 2.5:37.5, 2.5:50, 

and 2.5:75 mg/L

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

GLP: Not stated

Year: Not stated

Species/strain/supplier: Green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum)

Element Basis: Not stated

Exposure Period: 96 hours

Analytical Monitoring: Not stated

Statistical Methods: Not stated

Method remarks: None

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LOAEC = 2.5:25 for growth; NOAEC = 2.5:37.5 for growth
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Remarks: 

Supplemental study

Open literature

Assess detoxification of a.i.

CONCLUSIONS

RELIABILITY CODE

3 – deviations from guideline include photoperiod and lack of detailed information

REFERENCE

Dobbs, M.G., D.S. Cherry, J.C. Scott, and J.C. Petrille. 1995. Environmental Assessment of an 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Based Molluscicide Using Laboratory 

Tests. Published data. Proceedings of the Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic 

Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
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B-4. CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS

Study 1. Chronic toxicity study of ADBAC to fathead minnows

Title: Daily Static-Renewal Early Life Stage Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Fathead Minnows. Project No. SC890057

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 30% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1400 

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: 34 days

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated 

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Early life stage test

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LOAEC = 0.0759 mg/L a.i.; NOAEC = 0.0322 mg/L a.i.; MATC = 0.0494 a.i.
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Remarks: Not stated

CONCLUSIONS 

None stated.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

MRID 423021-02. McIntyre, D.O. and H.O. Pate. 1992. Daily Static-Renewal Early Life Stage 

Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Fathead Minnows. 

Project No. SC890057. Unpublished data. Conducted by Battelle Columbus Operations for 

ADBAC Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Assocation.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
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Study 2: Chronic static-renewal 21-day toxicity study of ADBAC in Daphnia magna

Title: Daily Static-Renewal Chronic 21-day Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Daphnia magna. Study No. SC890056

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to high mortality in the control group.

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 30% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 850.1300

GLP: Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Test type: Static-Renewal

Species/strain/supplier: Water flea (Daphnia magna)

Analytical monitoring: Not stated

Exposure period: Not stated

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Numerous deviations from guideline include MATC not established

RESULTS

Nominal concentrations: Not stated

Measured concentrations: Not stated

Element value: LOAEC = Not determined; NOAEC 0.00415 mg/L a.i.; MATC = Not 

Determined
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Remarks: Not stated 

CONCLUSIONS 

None stated.

RELIABILITY CODE

3- High control mortality

REFERENCES

MRID 423021-01. McIntyre, D.O. and H.O. Pate. 1992. Daily Static-Renewal Chronic 21-day 

Toxicity Test of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) to Daphnia magna. 

Study No. SC890056. Unpublished data. Conducted by Batalle Columbus Division for ADBAC 

Quat Joint Venture/Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Assocation.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0021[1])
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B-5. ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES

Study 1: Acute oral toxicity study of ADBAC in rats

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: An Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with BQ 451-8: Lab Project Number: 3192.32

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: Purity 82.26%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.1100 

Type: Acute oral

GLP: Not stated

Year: Not stated

Species/Strain: Rat

Sex: Both

No. of animals per sex per dose: Not stated

Vehicle: Not stated

Route of administration: Oral

Method remarks:

Females: 0, 100, 250, 500 or 510 mg/kg

Males: 0, 500, 510, 525, 600 or 750 mg/kg

Rats (5/sex/dose)
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RESULTS

LD50 value: 

304.5 mg/kg (both sexes combined)

510.9 mg/kg (males)

280.8 mg/kg (females)

Number of deaths at each dose level: Two 200 mg/kg females, four 500 mg/kg females, three 

males, and four females in the 510 mg/kg group and all males in the 525, 600, and 750 mg/kg 

groups were dead by Day 6.

Remarks: Two 200 mg/kg females, four 500 mg/kg females, three males, and four females in 

the 510 mg/kg group and all males in the 525, 600, and 750 mg/kg groups were dead by Day 6. 

Breathing abnormalities, decreased activity, wobbly gait, salivation, apparent hypothermia, 

soft/mucoid stools, diarrhea, decreased/no defecation, fecal/urine stain, piloerection, rough 

haircoat, hunched postures, dehydration, ocular discharge, decreased food consumption, and/or 

dark material around the facial area were noted from most of the rats with recovery by Day 13 or 

earlier. Two surviving 510 mg/kg males lost weight during the first week of study, but gained 

weight during the second week. All other surviving rats gained weight during the study. The 

decedents had abnormal content and/or reddened mucosa in the digestive tract, dark red thymus, 

and/or fluid contents in the thoracic cavity, abnormal content in the small intestines and/or 

thickened stomach mucosa. 

CONCLUSIONS

Toxic Category II

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES 

45109204 (MRID) Bonnette, K. (1998) An Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with BQ 451-8: 

Lab Project Number: 3192.32. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories. 90 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1]; p. 3)
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Study 2: Acute dermal toxicity study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats: Albemarle BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project Number: 

7466:P322

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: Purity 82.26%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.1200

Type: Acute dermal

GLP: Not stated

Year: Not stated

Species/Strain: Rat

Sex: Both

No. of animals per sex per dose: Not stated 

Vehicle: Not stated

Route of administration: Dermal 

Method remarks:

0, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg

Rats (5/sex/dose)

RESULTS

LD50 value: 

930 mg/kg (combined)

1100 mg/kg (males)

704 mg/kg (females)

Number of deaths at each dose level: Five 2000 mg/kg females were found dead on Day 1. 
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One 500 mg/kg female, one male and four females in the 1000 mg/kg group, and five 2000 

mg/kg were found dead by Day 4.

Remarks: Five 2000 mg/kg females were found dead on Day 1. One 500 mg/kg female, one 

male and four females in the 1000 mg/kg group, and five 2000 mg/kg were found dead by Day 4. 

Irregular respirations, hunched postures, hypoactivity, coldness to the touch, reduced fecal 

volume, tremors, ataxia, and/or dyspnea were noted for the decendents prior to death. 

Hypoactivity, hunched postures, reduced fecal volume, and/or irregular respiration were noted 

for some of the surviving rats with recovery by Day 2. Erythema and edema were noted at dose 

site from most of the rats. Eschar was also noted at the dose site from surviving rats. All 

surviving rats had normal body weight gains. No gross abnormalities were noted from the 

surviving rats and one female decedent in the 1000 mg/kg group. The other decedents had 

slightly/moderately red lungs, discolored livers, and/or red/black/green/yellow intestines. 

CONCLUSIONS

Toxic Category II

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES 

45109202 (MRID) Moore, G. (1999) Acute Dermal Toxicity Study in Rats: Albemarle BQ451-8 

Biocide: Lab Project Number: 7466:P322. Unpublished study prepared by Product Safety Labs. 

25p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 3: Acute inhalation toxicity study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats: Albemarle BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project 

Number: 7467: P330

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: Purity 82.26%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.1300 

Type: Acute inhalation

GLP: Not stated

Year: Not stated

Species/Strain: Rat

Sex: Not stated

No. of animals per sex per dose: Not stated

Vehicle: Not stated

Route of administration: Inhalation

Method remarks:

0.054 or 0.51 mg/L

Rats (5/sex/dose)

RESULTS

LC50 value: 0.054 < LC50 < 0.51 mg/L

Number of deaths at each dose level: 0.054 mg/L group: All animals survived; 0.51 mg/L 

group: All animals died. 

Remarks: 0.054 mg/L group: All animals survived. Animal displayed ocular and nasal 
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discharge, irregular respiration, dyspnea, hunched posture, and hypoactivity. Irregular respiration 

and/or hypoactivity persisted in several rats upon removal from the exposure chamber and some 

animals also developed facial staining or reduced fecal volume. All rats recovered from the 

above symptoms by Day 2 and appeared active and healthy for the remainder of the study, 

gaining bodyweight over the entire 14-day observation period. No gross abnormalities were 

noted in animals when necropsied.

0.51 mg/L group: All animals died. During exposure, animals exhibited ocular and nasal 

discharge, irregular respiration, dyspnea, gasping, hunched posture, and hypoactivity prior to 

death. Gross necropsy of one animal revealed discoloration and edema of the lungs. Gross 

abnormalities were not noted in the other animals.

CONCLUSIONS

Toxicity Category II

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES 

44885201 (MRID) Wnorowski, G. (1999) Acute Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats: Albemarle 

BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project Number: 7467: P330. Unpublished study prepared by Product 

Safety Labs. 30 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-6. SKIN IRRITATION STUDY

Study 1: Skin irritation study of ADBAC in rabbits

Title: Primary Skin Irritation Study in Rabbits: Albemarle BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project 

Number: 7468: P326

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: Purity 82.26%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.2500

GLP (Y/N): Not stated

Species/strain: Rabbit

Sex (males/females/both): Female

Number of animals/sex/dose: Not stated

Volume administered: 0.5 mL BQ451-8, 40 hours

Test condition: Not stated

RESULTS

Corrosive. The rabbit had well-defined erythema one hour after patch removal. The erythema 

intensified to severe by 24 hours and persisted through 72 hours. Moderate edema was noted in 

the rabbit one hour after patch removal, but reduced to slight by 24 hours through 72 hours. The 

application site showed superficial eschar by 24 through 48 hours and signs of dermal corrosion 

by 72 hours. The primary dermal irritation index was 5.8.

CONCLUSIONS

Toxic Category I

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES
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45109201 (MRID) Moore, G. (1999) Primary Skin Irritation Study in Rabbits: Albemarle 

BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project Number: 7468: P326. Unpublished study prepared by Product 

Safety Labs. 15 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-7. DERMAL SENSITIZATION STUDY

Study 1: Dermal sensitization study of ADBAC in guinea pigs

Title: Dermal Sensitization Study in Guinea Pigs (Buehler Method): Albermarle BQ451-8 

Biocide: Lab Project Number: 7469: P328

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: Purity 82.26%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.2600

GLP (Y/N): Not stated

Species/strain: Guinea pigs

Sex (male/female/both): Both

Number of animals/sex/dose: 20 test animals, 10 controls; 24 males, 6 females

Dose/concentration: Induction: 0.4 mL of 2% w/w test material in distilled water with occlusive 

25 mm Hilltop Chamber for 6 hours once/week, 3 weeks.

Challenge Period: 27 days

Challenge dose: 0.4 mL of 0.5% w/w test material in distilled water under occlusion for 6 hours.

Control: 0.4 mL of 0.5% w/w test material in distilled water at challenge only

Test condition: Not stated

RESULTS

Faint usually confluent to moderate erythema was noted on all animals after the first induction. 

Very faint usually nonconfluent to moderate erythema was noted on 19/20 animals and severe 

erythema was noted on 1/20 animals after the second induction. Faint usually confluent to 

severe erythema was noted on all animals after the third induction. Eschar was noted on 2/20 

animals 48 hours after the third induction. Desquamation was noted on one animal 24 hours 

after the third induction with resolution by 48 hours. After three weekly inductions, dermal 

irritation suggestive of sensitization was not observed on the test animals after challenge. The 

study report included DNCB positive control study which was carried out within six months of 

the current study. The results were appropriate.
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CONCLUSIONS

Not a dermal sensitizer.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

45109203 (MRID) Moore, G. (1999) Dermal Sensitization Study in Guinea Pigs (Buehler 

Method): Albermarle BQ451-8 Biocide: Lab Project Number: 7469: P328. Unpublished study 

prepared by Product Safety Labs. 24 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-8. GENETIC TOXICITY STUDY

Study 1: Mutagenicity study of ADBAC in the CHO/HGPRT forward mutation assay

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: Mutagenicity Test on Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride: In the CHO/HGPRT 

Forward Mutation Assay: HLA Study No. 10238-0-435

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.5300

Test Type: HGPRT Assay in CHO cells for forward mutation

Test system: Mammalian cell, in vitro

GLP (Y/N): Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Species/Strain/cell-type/cell line: Chinese Hamster ovary cells

Metabolic activation: Not stated

Concentrations tested: 0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 500.0 or 5000.0 μg/mL, 

with and without metabolic activation

Remarks: None

RESULTS

Overall results: Negative

Cytotoxic concentration: Not stated
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Remarks: Mutant frequencies of all cultures treated with the test material were within the 

acceptable range for background mutant frequencies (0 to 15 x 10-6). In all of the assays, no 

culture had a mutant frequency that was statistically elevated over background levels and greater 

than 15 x 10-6

. Three toxic cultures in one nonactivation trial did achieve statistical significance. 

The significant mutant frequencies were within the acceptable background range and were not 

confirmed at equitoxic dose levels I the independent nonactivation trial. The significant cultures, 

in that one trial were apparently due to normal assay variation. ADBAC was considered negative 

for inducing forward mutations at the HGPRT locus in CHO cells under the S9 metabolic 

activation and nonactivation conditions of this assay. 

CONCLUSIONS

ADBAC showed negative evidence of mutagenicity in Chinese Hamster ovary cells.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCE

41012701 (MRID) Young, R. (1989) Mutagenicity Test on Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium 

Chloride: In the CHO/HGPRT Forward Mutation Assay: HLA Study No. 10238-0-435. 

Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 67 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-9. CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS STUDY

Study 1: Micronucleus test of ADBAC

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Hya-mine 3500 in the Mouse Micronucleus Test: 

Lab. No. 10753

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.5385

Test Type: In vivo bone marrow chromosome aberration assay

Test system: In vivo

GLP (Y/N): Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Species/Strain/cell-type/cell line: mouse bone marrow cells

Metabolic activation: Not stated

Concentrations tested: Single dose of 400 mg/kg, sacrificed at 24, 48 or 72 hours later

Remarks: 

Mice (5/sex/group)

Solvent control: deionized water

Positive control: Cyclosphosphamide (CP, 30 mg/kg)

RESULTS

Overall results: Negative

Cytotoxic concentration: Not stated
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Remarks: One mouse of the 72-hour group was found dead on the third day after treatment. The 

PCE/NCE ratio was reduced in all test groups (as well as the positive controls), but no alteration 

in MN from solvent control value was found in any timed test group. By contrast, the CP-group 

evidenced a significant increase in MN-PCE.

CONCLUSIONS

ADBAC showed negative evidence of mutagenicity in an in vivo bone marrow chromosome 

aberration assay.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCE

40311101 (MRID) Kallerson, T. (1985) Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Hya-mine 

3500 in the Mouse Micronucleus Test: Lab. No. 10753. Un-published study prepared by 

Scantox Labs Ltd. 17p

43037701 (MRID) Schoenig, G. (1993) Response to EPA Data Evaluation Review for Study 

Entitled: “Chromosome Aberrations in vivo—Mouse Micronucleus Test”: Lab Project Number: 

10753. Unpublished study prepared by SCANTOX Biologisk Laboratorium A/S. 7 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 2: Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay of ADBAC

Title: Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the Rat Primary Hepatocyte 

Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay: An addendum: Lab Project Number: 10238-0-447

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 80% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.5550

Test Type: Unscheduled DNA synthesis assay

Test system: Mammalian cells

GLP (Y/N): Not stated

Year study performed: Not stated

Species/Strain/cell-type/cell line: Rat hepatocyte cells

Metabolic activation: Not stated

Concentrations tested: Tritiated thymidine (38Ci/mmol) for 18.8 hours together with 0.538, 

1.08, 2.15, 4.31, 5.38, 6.46, 7.00, 7.54, 8.07 or 8.61 μg/mL ADBAC

Remarks: 

Solvent control: deionized water

Positive control: AAF, 0.10 μg/mL

RESULTS

Overall results: Negative

Cytotoxic concentration: Not stated

Remarks: The test article was lethal at 8.61 ug/mL, and progressively cytotoxic at doses equal 

to or above 4.31 ug/mL. Treatments producing moderate levels of cytotoxicity (62.7% relative 

survival and greater) as well as non-toxic doses were analyzed for UDS. None of these 

analyzable treatments induced silver grain labeling different from solvent control. In contrast, 

the mutagen 2-AAF induced large increases in nuclear labeling in the absence of significant 

toxicity.
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CONCLUSIONS

ADBAC showed negative evidence of mutagenicity in an unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCE

42290802 (MRID) McKeon, M. (1989) Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) 

in the Rat Primary Hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay: An addendum: Lab Project 

Number: 10238-0-447. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 11 

p.

42290801 (MRID) McKeon, M. (1992) Genotoxicity Test on Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the Assay for Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Liver 

Primary Cell Cultures: Lab Project Number: 14778-0-447. Unpublished study prepared by 

Hazleton Washington, Inc. 51 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-10. REPEATED-DOSE TOXICITY STUDIES

Study 1: Repeated-dose toxicity study of ADBAC in guinea pigs

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: 21-Day Dermal Toxicity – Guinea Pigs, OPPTS 870.3200

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: formulated product

Remarks: 6% ai; ADBAC contained within HS-sanitizing carpet shampoo at a 1:5 dilution

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 870.3200

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: 21-day dermal toxicity test

Species/strain: Guinea pig (strain not specified) 

Sex: Both

Route of administration: Dermal

Doses: 1000 mg/kg/day of ADBAC

Exposure period: 24 hours

Frequency of treatment: 5 days per week for 3 weeks

Control group and treatment: Not stated

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a 21-day dermal toxicity study, a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day (limit dose) of 
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ADBAC, contained within HS-sanitizing carpet shampoo at a 1:5 dilution, was tested in male 

and female guinea pigs, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. Each exposure was for 24 hours to groups 

of 5 guinea pigs/sex/dose. 

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

LOAEL (systemic) = 1000 mg/kg/day based on decreases in body weight in female pigs

NOAEL (systemic) < 1000 mg/kg/day (not achieved)

LOAEL (dermal) = 1000 mg/kg/day based on denuding of the epidermal layer

NOAEL (dermal) not achieved

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: Not stated

Remarks: Over the course of the study, body weight losses of between 6-11% were observed in 

male and female guinea pigs. There were no reported mortalities or clinical signs of toxicity. 

Slight reduction in food consumption (2-5%) was observed over the course of this study. There 

were no significant treatment-related effects on hematology or clinical chemistry. Histological 

examination of the skin showed that the non-vascularized epidermal layer was denuded, while 

the dermal or corium layer and basement membrane appeared normal. There were no treatmentrelated effects reported on the liver and kidney.

CONCLUSIONS

The Systemic LOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day, based on decreases in body weight in female guinea 

pigs. The Systemic NOAEL < 1000 mg/kg/day (not achieved). The Dermal LOAEL = 1000 

mg/kg/day, based on denuding of the epidermal layer. The Dermal NOAEL was not achieved.

RELIABILITY CODE

2- The study contained several experimental deficiencies but had enough information on dermal 

effects to be used for the dermal endpoint determination

REFERENCES

40700700 (MRID)

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 2. Repeated-dose dermal toxicity study of ADBAC

Title: Acute Toxicology (EP): HS-Sanitizing Carpet Shampoo: Project ID: B6-27

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

This study was considered inadequate due to testing at a non-standard duration (< 28-days).

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 870.3200

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: 21-day dermal toxicity test

Species/strain: Guinea pig (strain not specified) 

Sex: Both

Route of administration: Dermal

Doses: 0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day

Exposure period: 24 hours

Frequency of treatment: 5 days per week for 3 weeks

Control group and treatment: Not stated

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: A 1:5 dilution of HS-sanitizing carpet shampoo (containing 6% didecyl 

ammonium chloride and 4% alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) was applied to a 2 inch 

square of shaved dorsal trunk of 5 male and 5 female guinea pigs at 500 mg/kg, five days a 
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week, for 21 days. Each exposure was for 24 hours.

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

Systemic toxicity:

NOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day

LOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day, based on decreases in body weight in females

Dermal toxicity:

NOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day

LOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day, based on denuding of the epidermal layer

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: Not stated

Remarks: Signs of skin irritation were noted during the second week of treatment and the report 

stated that the response intensified during the third week of treatment. Body weight was 

decreased in treated males and females by 7% and 11% vs. untreated animals at week 3 at 1000 

mg/kg. Results of hematology and clinical chemistry measurements indicated a slight elevation 

of basophils and eosinophils as well as a slight elevation of SGPT and SGOT but statistics were 

not performed on these data. Histologically, the skin irritation was described as denuded nonvascularized epidermal layer at the application site. 

CONCLUSIONS

The 500 mg/kg/day value could be considered a provisional NOAEL as slight effects were still 

observed on the skin and the report did not represent the data on this effect at this dose but it 

likely that a true NOAEL would not be vary far below this level for dermal effects.

RELIABILITY CODE

3- This study also contained several deficiencies including lack of several experimental details 

(no information on dose solution, stability and homogeneity), and missing individual animal data 

for body weight, clinical observations, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, gross 

pathology and histopathology. 

REFERENCES

41105801 (MRID) Rose, G. (1989) Acute Toxicology (EP): HS-Sanitizing Carpet Shampoo: 

Project ID: B6-27. Unpublished study prepared by Envirocon. 36 p.

40565301 (MRID)

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 3: Repeated-dose dermal toxicity study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Ninety-day Subchronic Dermal Toxicity Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium 

Chloride (ADBAC) in Rats: Lab Project I.D.: 52-623

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09% a.i.

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3250

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: 90-day dermal toxicity study

Species/strain: Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex: Both

Route of administration: dermal (to clipped backs)

Doses: 0, 2, 6 or 20 mg/kg/day (as 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0% solutions at a dose volume of 2 ml/kg)

Exposure period: 6 to 8 hours

Frequency of treatment: 5 days per week for 13 weeks.

Control group and treatment: a control was included (0 mg/kg/day)

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a 90-day dermal toxicity study, ADBAC (81.09% a.i.) was applied at dose 

levels of 0, 2, 6 or 20 mg/kg/day (as 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0% solutions at a dose volume of 2 ml/kg) to 

the clipped backs of Sprague-Dawley rats for 6-8 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. 

Although higher doses were tested in a preliminary range-finding study (6, 20, 60, 120 and 200 

mg/kg/day), the high dose selected for the main study (20 mg/kg/day) was chosen on the basis 
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that higher concentrations produced skin irritation that was considered greater than slight.

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (systemic and dermal) = 20 mg/kg/day

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: Not stated

Remarks: A significant and dose-related decrease in reticulocyte count was observed in the 6-

and 20-mg/kg/day females. Decreases in reticulocyte count are normally associated with 

regenerative responses to anemia. However, no evidence of anemia was seen in other 

hematological parameters. Furthermore, the decreased levels in treated females were similar to 

the levels observed in control males. Thus, the decreasing reticulocyte count was most likely not 

a biologically significant finding.

A significant increase in hyperkeratosis was observed in treated skin of high dose females, but 

this lesion was also observed in increased incidence in male rats at all doses including controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The NOAEL for systemic and dermal effects was determined to be 20 mg/kg/day

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

41499601 (MRID) Gill, M.; Wagner, C. (1990) Ninety-day Subchronic Dermal Toxicity Study 

with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in Rats: Lab Project I.D.: 52-623. 

Unpublished study prepared by Union Carbide Bushy Run Research Center. 264 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 4: Repeated-dose dietary toxicity study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Ninety-day Dietary Toxicity Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 

(ADBAC) in Rats: Project ID:51-503. 

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC)

Remarks: 79.7% a.i.

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3100 

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: Subchronic oral toxicity

Species/strain: Rats

Sex: Both

Route of administration: Dietary 

Doses: 0, 100, 500, 1000 (0, 6.3, 31.2 and 62.0 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 7.9, 38.3 and 76.7 

mg/kg/day for females), 4000 or 8000 ppm

Exposure period: 13 weeks

Frequency of treatment: Daily

Control group and treatment: 0 ppm 

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a subchronic oral toxicity study in rats, male and female rats (15/sex/dose)

were administered ADBAC (79.7% a.i.) in the diet for 13 weeks at dose levels of 0, 100, 500, 

1000, 4000 or 8000 ppm.
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RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (systemic; males) = 500 ppm (31.2 mg/kg/day)

LOAEL (systemic; males) = 1000 ppm (62.0 mg/kg/day) based on decreased weight gain

NOAEL (systemic; females) = 1000 ppm (76.7 mg/kg/day)

LOAEL (systemic; females) = 4000 ppm (>76.7 mg/kg/day) based on increased mortality, 

decreased body weight gain and food consumption and increased lesions in females

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: 0, 6.3, 31.2 and 62.0 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 

7.9, 38.3 and 76.7 mg/kg/day for females for 0, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively. Increased 

mortality at the two highest dose levels did not allow for daily compound consumption to be 

calculated.

Remarks: Increased mortality was observed at the 4000 and 8000 ppm dose groups in both 

sexes. Decreased body weight, weight gain, food consumption and increased incidence of 

microscopic lesions [congestion and edema of the G.I. tract, hemorrhaging of the lungs and 

brain] were also observed in males and females at 4000 ppm]. 

CONCLUSIONS

The systemic NOAEL for males is 500 ppm and for females is 1000 ppm, based upon decreased 

body weight and weight gain in males at 1000 ppm, and increased mortality, decreased body 

weight gain and food consumption, and increased lesions in females at 4000 ppm.

RELIABILITY CODE

2 – This study is classified as acceptable.

REFERENCES

40746601 (MRID) Van Miller, J.; Weaver, E. (1998) Ninety-day Dietary Toxicity Study with 

Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in Rats: Project ID:51-503. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bushy Run Re-search Center. 300p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 5. 

Title: Evaluation of ADBAC in a One-Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Dogs: Lab 

Project Number: 638-004

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.4100

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: Chronic toxicity

Species/strain: Beagle dogs

Sex: Both

Route of administration: diet

Doses: 0, 3.79, 13.1 or 33.8 mg/kg/day in males and 0, 3.67, 14.6 or 38.6 mg/kg/day in females

(1, 120, 400 or 1200 ppm)

Exposure period: one year

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a chronic toxicity study in dogs, groups of 4 male and female beagle dogs 

per group received either 0, 120, 400 or 1200 ppm (0, 3.79, 13.1 or 33.8 mg/kg/day in males and 

0, 3.67, 14.6 or 38.6 mg/kg/day in females) alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride [ADBAC, 

80% a.i.] as a direct dietary admix for one year. 
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RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (m/f) = 3.79 / 3.67 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (m/f) = 13.1 / 14.6 mg/kg/day based on reduced body weight

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: Not stated

Remarks: Systemic toxicity was observed at 400 ppm and above in female dogs and at 1200 

ppm in males as reduced body weight gain (approximately 10% reduction) and 52 weeks of 

exposure. Food consumption was decreased in the 1200 ppm males and females for the entire 

study period (approximately 15% reduction in males and 5% reduction in females). 

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the data in this study, the Systemic Toxicity NOAEL was 120 ppm (3.79 mg/kg/day in 

males, 3.67 mg/kg/day in females) and the LOAEL was 400 ppm (13.1 mg/kg/day in males, 14.6 

mg/kg/day in females) based on reduced body weight.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

43221101 (MRID) Goldenthal, E. (1994) Evaluation of ADBAC in a One-Year Chronic Dietary 

Toxicity Study in Dogs: Lab Project Number: 638-004. Unpublished study prepared by 

International Research and Development Corp. 355 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-11. CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES

Study 1. Chronic dietary oncogenicity study of ADBAC in mice

Title: Chronic Dietary Oncogenicity Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 

(ADBAC) in Mice: Lab Project Number: 53-515

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC)

Remarks: 81% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.4200

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: Carcinogenicity

Species/strain: CD-1 mice

Sex: 60/sex/dose

Route of administration: diet 

Doses: nominal doses of 14.9, 73.4 and 229.3 mg/kg/day in males; 17.8, 92.1 and 288.6 

mg/kg/day in females (0, 100, 500, or 1500 ppm)

Exposure period: 78 weeks 

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a carcinogenicity study in mice, ADBAC (81% purity) was administered 
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in the diet to male and female CD-1 (60/sex/dose) at levels of 0, 100, 500 or 1500 ppm for 78 

weeks (nominal doses of 14.9, 73.4 and 229.3 mg/kg/day in males; 17.8, 92.1 and 288.6 

mg/kg/day in females).

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (m/f) = 229.3 / 288.6 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (m/f) = 73.4 / 92.1 mg/kg/day, based on decreased body weight

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: Not stated

Remarks: No significant differences in the incidence of mortality were observed in treated 

animals versus controls. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed at any dose level tested. 

Significant reductions in group mean body weight were observed at the high dose in male and 

female mice throughout the treatment period with no significant reduction in food intake. There 

were no significant treatment-related effects on organ weights, macroscopic or microscopic 

pathology in treated mice at any dose level. 

CONCLUSIONS

ADBAC was negative for carcinogenicity in this study. The Systemic LOAEL = 1500 ppm in 

male and female mice (229.3 / 288.6 mg/kg/day), based on reduced body weight. The Systemic 

NOAEL = 500 ppm in male and female mice (73.4 / 92.1 mg/kg/day). 

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

41765201 (MRID) Gill, M.; Hermansky, S.; Wagner, C. (1991) Chronic Dietary Oncogenicity 

Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in Mice: Lab Project 

Number: 53-515. Unpublished study prepared by Bushy Run Research Center. 1083 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 2. Chronic dietary toxicity/oncogenicity study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Chronic Dietary Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium 

Chloride (ADBAC) in Rats: Lab Project Number: 53-543

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC)

Remarks: 81% purity

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: OPPTS 870.4300 

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Test type: Chronic Toxicity / Carcinogenicity in Rats

Species/strain: Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex: Both

Route of administration: Dietary 

Doses: 0, 300, 1000 or 2000 ppm (nominal doses of 13, 44 and 88 mg/kg-bw/day in males; 17, 

57 and 116 mg/kg-bw/day in females)

Exposure period: 104 weeks

Frequency of treatment: Daily

Control group and treatment: a control group was included (0 mg/kg-bw/day) 

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a chronic toxicity / carcinogenicity study, ADBAC (81% purity) was 

administered in the diet to groups of male and female Sprauge-Dawley rats (50/sex/dose) at dose 

levels of 0, 30, 1000 and 2000 ppm (nominal doses of 13, 44 and 88 mg/kg/day in males; 17, 57 
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and 116 mg/kg/day in females) for 104 weeks. 

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (m/f) = 44 / 57 mg/kg-bw/day

LOAEL (m/f) = 88 / 116 mg/kg-bw/day based on decreased body weight and weight gain

Actual dose received by dose level by sex: 

Remarks: Significant decreases in group mean body weight were observed in male rats at the 

2000 ppm dose level during weeks 1-26 of the study and then sporadically thereafter. Body 

weights of high dose female rats were also significantly decreased during weeks 1-60 of the 

study. Body weight gain was decreased 11% on average in high dose males and 14% in high 

dose females. There were no significant treatment-related effects on clinical chemistry, 

hematology, or urinalysis. No treatment-related non neoplastic gross or microscopic lesions 

were evident in any of the treated groups of rats. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of 

ADBAC in this study. 

CONCLUSIONS

The systemic toxicity NOAEL = 1000 ppm, (44 mg/kg/day [M]; 57 mg/kg/day [F]), and the 

Systemic toxicity LOAEL = 2000 ppm (88 mg/kg/day [M]; 116 mg/kg/day [F], based on 

decreased body weight and weight gain.)

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

41947501 (MRID) Gill, M.; Hermansky, S.; Wagner, C. (1991) Chronic Dietary 

Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in 

Rats: Lab Project Number: 53-543. Unpublished Study prepared by Bushy Run Research 

Center. 1671 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-12. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY STUDIES

Study 1. Two-generation reproduction study of ADBAC in rats

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: Two-generation Reproduction Study in Sprague-Dawley (CD) Rats with Alkyl Dimethyl 

Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered in the Diet: Project Report 52- 52-254: 

Project Nos. 87-37-97105; 87-37-97109. 

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09% pure

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3800

GLP: No

Year study was performed: Not stated

Species/strain: Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex: Both

Route of administration: diet 

Doses: 0, 300, 1000 or 2000 ppm. Mean compound consumption was 20.7, 68.2 and 134.7 

mg/kg/day for F0 males, and 25.5, 81.3 and 164.7 mg/kg/day for F0 females. For the F1 males, 

mean compound consumption was 19.1, 62.5, and 125.4 mg/kg/day, and 24.8, 78.5 and 157.1 

mg/kg/day for F1 females.

Exposure period: 10 weeks for F0 parents; 15 weeks for F1 parents

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day
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Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a two-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, ADBAC (81.09%) 

was administered in the diet to groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (28/sex/dose) at 

dose levels of 0, 300, 1000 or 2000 ppm over two generations. After 10 weeks of dietary 

treatment, F0 parental animals were mated. F1 parental animals were mated after 15 weeks of 

dietary treatment. Mean compound consumption was 20.7, 68.2 and 134.7 mg/kg/day for F0 

males, and 25.5, 81.3 and 164.7 mg/kg/day for F0 females. For the F1 males, mean compound 

consumption was 19.1, 62.5, and 125.4 mg/kg/day, and 24.8, 78.5 and 157.1 mg/kg/day for F1 

females.

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (Parental) = 146 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (Parental) > 146 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested)

NOAEL (developmental/systemic) = 65.4/79.9 mg/kg/day (M/F)

LOAEL (developmental/systemic) = 130.1/160.9 mg/kg/day (M/F) based on reduced pup body 

weight and weight gain during lactation

Remarks: There was no treatment-related mortality in parental animals at any dose level, and 

there were no reported signs of clinical toxicity in parental animals. Although some decrease in 

body weight was observed in both generations at the top dose, the significant variability 

observed did not qualify this as a treatment-related effect.

In pups of both generations, mean body weights at the top dose were significantly reduced during 

lactation and post-weaning periods. There were no adverse effects noted on gestational length, 

mating, fertility, or other gestational indices.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this study, the Parental NOAEL = 146 mg/kg/day, and the Parental 

LOAEL > 146 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested). The Developmental/Systemic NOAEL = 

65.4/79.9 mg/kg/day (M/F), and the Developmental/Systemic LOAEL = 130.1/160.9 mg/kg/day 

(M/F), based on reduced pup body weight and weight gain during lactation [doses for both the 

F0 and F1 pups combined].

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES
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41385001 (MRID) Neeper-Bradley, T. (1990) Two-generation Reproduction Study in SpragueDawley (CD) Rats with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered 

in the Diet: Project Report 52- 52-254: Project Nos. 87-37-97105; 87-37-97109. Unpublished 

study prepared by Bushy Run Research Center. 492 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-13. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDY

Study 1. Developmental toxicity gavage study of ADBAC in rats

Summary of endpoint: Adequate

Title: Developmental Toxicity Evaluation II of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 

(ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to CD Rats: Lab Project Number: 91N0031

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09% ai

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3700

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Species/strain: Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex: Female

Route of administration: gavage

Doses: 0, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg-bw/day

Exposure period: on gestation days 6 through 15 

Frequency of treatment: Daily

Control group and treatment: a control was included (0 mg/kg-bw/day)

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated
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Method remarks: Female Sprauge-Dawley rats (25/dose) were administered ADBAC (81.09% 

a.i.) by gavage at doses of 0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg on gestation days 6 through 15 inclusive for 

assessment of developmental toxicity. 

RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (maternal) = 10 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (maternal) = 30 mg/kg/day based on clinical signs and decreased body weight gain

NOAEL (developmental) = 100 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (developmental) > 100 mg/kg/day

Remarks: There was no mortality observed at any dose level. At 100 mg/kg/day, one dam 

exhibited dehydration, unkempt appearance, loose feces and perioral wetness. At 30 mg/kg/day, 

one dam was noted with perioral wetness, gasping, loose feces and urine strains. Decreased 

body weight gain (12-13%) was observed in maternal animals at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day during 

gestation days 6-15. Food consumption was not consistently affected by treatment. There were 

no treatment-related increases in the incidence of fetal external, visceral, or skeletal 

abnormalities at any dose level. 

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of this study, the Maternal NOAEL is 10 mg/kg/day, and the Maternal 

LOAEL is 30 mg/kg/day, based on clinical signs and decreased body weight gain. The 

Developmental toxicity NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day, and the Developmental toxicity LOAEL > 

100 mg/kg/day. There was no evidence for developmental toxicity of ADBAC in this study.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

42351501 (MRID) Neeper-Bradley, T. (1992) Developmental Toxicity Evaluation II of Alkyl 

Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to CD Rats: Lab 

Project Number: 91N0031. Unpublished study prepared by Union Carbide Chemicals and 

Plastics Co., Inc. Bushy Run Research Center. 281 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 2. Developmental toxicity gavage study of ADBAC in rabbits

Title: Developmental Toxicity Evaluation of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride 

(ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to New Zealand White Rabbits: Lab Project Number: 

91N0032

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: Not stated

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Species/strain: New Zealand White rabbits

Sex: female

Route of administration: gavage

Doses: 0, 1, 3 or 9 mg/kg/day

Exposure period: on gestation days 6 through 18

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day 

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a developmental toxicity study in rabbits, ADBAC (81.09%) was 

administered at doses of 0, 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg/day to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits 

(16/dose) by oral gavage on gestation days 6 through 18. 
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RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (maternal) = 3 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (maternal) = 9 mg/kg/day based on clinical signs of toxicity

NOAEL (developmental) = 9 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (developmental) > 9 mg/kg/day

Remarks: There was no mortality or abortions at any dose level. Hypoactivity and labored 

breathing were observed at 9 mg/kg/day in 2 of 15 rabbits. There were no effects on maternal 

body weight, food consumption, cesarean section observations or necropsy observations. In 

offspring, there was no evidence of developmental toxicity at any dose level tested. 

CONCLUSIONS

The maternal NOAEL is 3 mg/kg/day, and the Developmental NOAEL is 9 mg/kg/day. The 

Maternal LOAEL is 9 mg/kg/day, based on clinical signs of toxicity, and the Developmental 

LOAEL is > 9 mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of developmental toxicity of ADBAC in this 

study.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

42392801 (MRID) Neeper-Bradley, T.; Kubena, M. (1992) Developmental Toxicity Evaluation 

of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to New 

Zealand White Rabbits: Lab Project Number: 91N0032. Unpublished study prepared by Union 

Carbide. 179 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 3. Developmental toxicity gavage range-finding study of ADBAC in rabbits

Title: Developmental Toxicity Dose Range-Finding Study of ADBAC Administered by Gavage 

to New Zealand White Rabbits: Lab Project Number: 54-603

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09% pure

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3700

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Species/strain: New Zealand White rabbits

Sex: female

Route of administration: gavage

Doses: 0, 1, 3, 10, 30 or 60 mg/kg/day

Exposure period: gestation days 6 through 18

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a dose range-finding study for developmental toxicity in rabbits, ADBAC 

(81.09%) was administered at doses of 0, 1, 3, 10, 30 or 60 mg/kg/day to pregnant New Zealand 

White rabbits (5/dose) by oral gavage on gestation days 6 through 18.
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RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (maternal) = 3 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (maternal) = 10 mg/kg/day, based on clinical signs and reduced body weight gain and 

food consumption

LOAEL (developmental) not established.

Remarks: Mortality was observed at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg/day (2 and 5 doses, 

respectively). Audible respiration was observed at doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day. 

At doses greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day, clinical signs included hypoactivity, perioral 

wetness, and labored breathing. At 60 mg/kg/day, clinical signs included paralysis, cold 

extremities, prostration, slow respiration, emaciation, loose feces, and perioral encrustation. 

Decreased body weight gain and food consumption were observed at doses greater than or equal 

to 10 mg/kg/day. Developmental toxicity was not observed at any of the doses tested. 

CONCLUSIONS

The maternal NOAEL for the range-finding study is 3 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL is 10 

mg/kg/day, based on clinical signs and reduced body weight gain and food consumption. There 

was no evidence of developmental toxicity of ADBAC in this study.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

42734401 (MRID) Chun, J.; Neeper-Bradley, T. (1993) Developmental Toxicity Dose RangeFinding Study of ADBAC Administered by Gavage to New Zealand White Rabbits: Lab Project 

Number: 54-603. Unpublished study prepared by Union Carbide. 118 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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Study 4. Developmental toxicity gavage range-finding study of ADBAC in rats

Title: Developmental Toxicity Dose Range-Finding Study of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to CD Rats: Lab Project Number: 54-

613

The study is: Adequate Not Adequate

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: 81.09% pure

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.3700

GLP: Not stated

Year study was performed: Not stated

Species/strain: CD rats

Sex: female

Route of administration: gavage

Doses: 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day 

Exposure period: gestation days 6 through 15

Frequency of treatment: daily

Control group and treatment: 0 mg/kg/day

Post-observation period: Not stated

Statistical methods: Not stated

Method remarks: In a dose range-finding study for developmental toxicity in rats, ADBAC 

(81.09%) was administered at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day to CD rats (5/dose) 

by oral gavage on gestation days 6 through 15, inclusive.
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RESULTS

NOAEL and LOAEL: 

NOAEL (maternal) = 50 mg/kg/day 

LOAEL (maternal) = 100 mg/kg/day, based on significantly increased incidence of perioral 

wetness

NOAEL (developmental) = 100 mg/kg/day

LOAEL (developmental) = 200 mg/kg/day, based on no survival

Remarks: Doses ≥ 200 mg/kg/day resulted in 100% mortality; necropsy findings revealed a 

distended and change in color of the stomach, and distended intestines filled with mucoid fluid. 

These dams also exhibited clinical signs including loose feces, perioral wetness and perioral 

encrustation, ataxia, hypoactivity, urogenital area wetness and audible respiration. Maternal 

toxicity observed at 100 mg/kg/day was manifest as significantly increased incidence of perioral 

wetness. 

CONCLUSIONS

The maternal NOAEL and LOAEL are 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. The NOAEL for 

developmental toxicity is 100 mg/kg based on no survival of dams at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day.

RELIABILITY CODE

2

REFERENCES

42645101 (MRID) Chun, J.; Fisher, L. (1993) Developmental Toxicity Dose Range-Finding 

Study of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) Administered by Gavage to 

CD Rats: Lab Project Number: 54-613. Unpublished study prepared by Bushy Run Research 

Center (BRRC). 104 p.

(EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0019[1])
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B-14. PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES

Study 1. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies of ADBAC in rats

Title: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Studies of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl 

Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the Rat

TEST SUBSTANCE

Identity: ADBAC

Remarks: purity 30%

METHOD

Method/guideline followed: 870.7485

Test type: in vivo

Species/strain/cell type or line: Sprague-Dawley rats

Sex: Both

Age and body weight range of animals used: Not stated

Number of animals/sex/dose: not stated 

Route of administration: Oral or intravenous

Vehicle: Not stated

Doses: 

Group 1: single dose 10 mg/kg (oral or intravenous)

Group 2: 100 ppm ADBAC in diet for 14 days

Group 3: single oral dose of 50 mg/kg

Excretion routes, body fluids, and tissues monitored and/or sampled during study: urine, 

feces, unspecified tissues

Statistical methods used: Not stated

Method remarks: Disposition of ADBAC was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley 

rats following a 10 mg/kg single dose by the oral or intravenous route, following exposure to 100 

ppm ADBAC for 14 days in the diet, or after a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg. Ring-labeled test 

material was used.
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RESULTS

Detailed results: 

Following oral administration, from 5-8% of the administered dose was eliminated in urine and 

90-98% in feces. No apparent differences in disposition were noted between sexes. Following 

intravenous administration, males eliminated 31% of the dose in urine and 44% in feces, while 

females eliminated 21% in urine and 55% in feces following intravenous administration. After 

oral administration, from 0.03% - 0.58% of the administered dose was accounted for in tissues. 

After intravenous administration, tissue residues accounted for 33-36% of the dose and were 

observed mainly in the carcass. The results of this study indicate that a majority of an 

administered dose of ADBAC is eliminated in feces and involves biliary excretion.

Metabolites measured: Not stated

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study indicate that a majority of an administered dose of ADBAC is 

eliminated in feces and involves biliary excretion.

REFERENCES

40990701 (MRID) Selim, S. (1 989) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Studies 

of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the Rat: BTC Study No. P01 359.

Unpublished study prepared by Biological Test Center. 247 p.

Supplements: 

41087701 (MRID) Lin, P.; Selim, S. (1989) Addendum to Report Entitled "Absorption,

Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion Studies of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride

(ADBAC) in the Rat" MRID 40990701 : Study No. PO1 359. Unpublished study prepared by 

Biological Test Center. 44 p.

and

44783401 (MRID) Mazur, P. (1 999) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion

(ADME) Studies of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) in the Rat and

Addendum: Lab Project Number: P01359. Unpublished study prepared by ADBAC Quat Joint

VentureIChemical Specialities Manufacturers Assoc. 4 p.
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CAS No. 61789-73-9: Summary of Endpoints

Endpoint Study Information 

Provided

Acceptable Data Gap

Aquatic Effects

Acute Toxicity to Fish Yes Yes No

Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Yes Yes No

Toxicity to Aquatic Plants Yes Yes No

Health Effects

Acute Toxicity Yes Yes No

Repeated-Dose Toxicity Yes Yes No

Genetic Mutation Yes Yes No

Chromosomal Aberrations Yes Yes No

Toxicity to Reproduction Yes Yes No

Developmental Toxicity Yes Yes No