# Patent

## Title
Field effect transistor and method for manufacturing the same

## Abstract

A field effect transistor (FET) and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the FET may include an isolation film formed on a semiconductor substrate to define an active region, and a gate electrode formed on a given portion of the semiconductor substrate. A channel layer may be formed on a portion of the gate electrode, with source and drain regions formed on either side of the channel layer so that boundaries between the channel layer and the source and drain regions of the FET may be perpendicular to a surface of the semiconductor substrate.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/588,193 filed on Oct. 7, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,101,457 which is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/089,371, filed on Mar. 25, 2005, now abandoned which claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 2004-44512, filed on Jun. 16, 2004, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to a field effect transistor (FET) and method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
As semiconductor devices become increasingly integrated, size (i.e., channel length) of MOS transistors has become scaled. As channel length is shortened, an integration density of the semiconductor device may be improved. However, decreasing channel length may cause a short channel effect to occur, such as a drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), a hot carrier effect and/or a punch through. In order to reduce the possibility of such a short channel effect from occurring, it may be desirable to reduce a depth of a junction region and a thickness of a gate oxide layer in proportion to a decrease or shortening of the transistor channel length.
If the depth of the junction region is reduced, a junction resistance (RS, RD) is also reduced. In case of a relatively long channel transistor, the junction resistance does not have a substantial influence on an ‘on current’ of the transistor. However, for a short channel transistor, the junction resistance has a substantial influence and a relatively large junction resistance may greatly reduce the transistor on current. Thus, it may be desirable to improve the junction resistance characteristics of a transistor such as a MOS transistor.
The junction resistance is a function of a spreading resistance occurring at a channel edge (edge of a junction region). That is, if the spreading resistance is reduced, the junction resistance can be reduced. The spreading resistance is associated with a doping profile of a junction region. If the doping profile of the junction region can be reduced abruptly at the channel edge, referred to as ‘junction abruptness”, the spreading resistance may be reduced. Thus, the more definite the junction abruptness at a boundary between a channel edge and an adjacent layer (such as a source or drain region in the transistor), the lower the spreading resistance and hence, junction resistance.
However, conventionally in MOS transistors, the junction region is formed by an impurity ion implantation and annealing process. The doping profile at the junction region thus has an undesirable slope of at least about 3 nm/decade at the side portion of the junction region. This undesirable slope formed at sides of the junction region due to the ion implantation and the annealing process represents a substantial limitation in the efforts to reduce the spreading resistance, since desirable junction abruptness at the channel edge cannot be obtained.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is directed to field effect transistor (FET). The FET may include a semiconductor substrate having an isolation film formed thereon to define an active region, a gate electrode formed on a given portion of the semiconductor substrate, and a channel layer formed on a portion of the gate electrode. Source and drain regions maybe formed on either side of the channel layer so that boundaries between the channel layer and the source and drain regions are perpendicular to a surface of the semiconductor substrate.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is directed to a FET which may include a semiconductor substrate having an isolation film formed thereon to define an active region, a channel layer formed on a portion of the active region and having a width and a length, and a gate electrode formed on the channel layer so as to extend in the width direction of the channel layer. The FET may include source and drain regions disposed on corresponding sides of the channel layer in a length direction of the channel layer so that boundaries between the channel layer and the source and drain regions are perpendicular to a surface of the semiconductor substrate. The FET may include a pair of insulating spacers, one insulating spacer formed on each sidewall of the gate electrode.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a field effect transistor, in which a junction layer may be formed on a semiconductor substrate and an isolation film may be formed on a given portion of the substrate. Source and drain regions with a space between the source and drain regions may be formed in the junction layer. A channel layer may be formed in the space and a gate electrode may be formed on the channel layer.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a field effect transistor, in which a channel layer may be formed on a semiconductor substrate and a gate electrode formed on the channel layer. A spacer may be formed on each corresponding sidewall of the gate electrode, and regions reserved for a source region and a drain region may be defined in the channel layer. An impurity-containing epitaxial layer may be formed in the defined regions to form the source and drain regions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more apparent by describing, in detail, exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference numerals, which are given by way of illustration only and thus do not limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 1 through 7 are plan views of a transistor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 8 through 15 are sectional views of a transistor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 16 through 19 are sectional views illustrating a modification of a transistor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 20 through 22 are plan views of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 23 through 25 are sectional views of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 26 and 27 are sectional views illustrating a modification of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 28 through 30 are plan views of a transistor according to a another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 31 through 33 are sectional views of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 34 and 35 are sectional views illustrating a modification of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein; rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements, and thus their description will be omitted. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as being “on” or “onto” another element, it may be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present there between. As used herein, the term perpendicular may be understood as meaning perpendicular or substantially perpendicular; a boundary hereafter may be referred to hereafter as being perpendicular to a substrate surface, which means perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the surface.
As will be described in more detail hereinafter, in order to improve a junction abruptness, a channel layer or a junction region may be defined by anisotrophic etching. Also, junction regions formed on both sides of the channel region or a channel region between junction regions may be grown by an epitaxial method. Accordingly, boundaries between the channel layer and the junction regions may be formed so as to be perpendicular to a substrate surface. Thus, a doping profile of the junction region at this boundary may have a definite abruptness. Accordingly, spreading resistance and hence junction resistance can be reduced.
FIGS. 1 through 7 are plan views of a transistor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 through 15 are sectional views of the transistor shown in FIGS. 1-7. For reference, FIGS. 8, 9A, 10, 11A, 12, 13, 14 and 15A are sectional views taken along the lines x-x′ of FIGS. 1 through 7. FIGS. 9B, 11B, 13B and 15B are sectional views taken along the lines y-y′ of FIGS. 1 through 7.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8, a junction layer 105 including impurities may be formed on a semiconductor substrate 100. The junction layer 105 can be formed by implanting impurities on an overall surface of the semiconductor substrate 100, performing an annealing process thereon and activating the impurities. Alternatively, the junction layer 105 may be a silicon layer including doped impurities that can be formed by a deposition process or by a Selective Epitaxial Growth (SEG) process.
In general, epitaxy is a process by which a thin layer of a single-crystal material may be deposited on a single-crystal substrate. Epitaxial growth occurs in such a way that the crystallographic structure of the substrate is reproduced in the growing material; also crystalline defects of the substrate may be reproduced in the growing material. Selective epitaxy is epitaxial growth on the substrate which is only partially a single-crystal material, For example, in the case of single crystal silicon (Si) partially covered with oxide, Si will grow epitaxially only (selectively) on the surface of a single-crystal Si. A process of selective epitaxial growth to grow a layer is known as a SEG process.
The type of impurities implanted or doped in the junction layer 105 may be different than the impurities of the substrate 100. For example, the junction layer 105 may have a concentration of impurities for a source and a drain and may be of a substantially shallow depth (thickness) suitable for a short channel transistor. A mask pattern 110, for example a silicon nitride pattern, may be formed on the junction layer 105 so as to define an isolation film 115. A trench may then be formed by etching the exposed semiconductor substrate 100 to a desired, given depth using the mask pattern 110 as a mask. An isolation film 115 is thus formed by filling the trench with an insulating material. Although the isolation film 115 may be formed after the formation of the junction layer 105, the junction layer 105 can be formed after the isolation film 115 is first formed and then the mask pattern 110 is removed.
Referring to FIGS. 2, 9A and 9B, the mask pattern 110 may be removed by a known method. Then, a hard mask layer 120 may be deposited on the resulting structure. The hard mask layer 120 may be a silicon nitride layer and may be provided for anti-reflection during a photolithography process to be applied to hard mask layer 120. A photoresist pattern 125 may be formed on the hard mask layer 120 so as to expose a region for a gate electrode. A dotted line of FIG. 2 represents a boundary between the isolation film and the active region.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 10, the semiconductor substrate 100 and the isolation film 115, which are disposed below the junction layer 105, may be exposed by performing an anisotrophic etching on the hard mask layer 120 and the junction layer 105 in a shape of the photoresist pattern 125 that is formed on the hard mask layer 120. A groove or gap 130 may be formed within the junction layer 105 by the anisotrophic etching, so as to define source region 105a and drain region 105b. Since the source and drain regions 105a and 105b are defined by the anisotrophic etching, their sidewalls may be formed so as to be perpendicular to the substrate 100 surface.
Referring to FIGS. 4, 11A and 11B, the photoresist pattern 120 may be removed by a known method. A channel layer 135 may then be formed by epitaxially growing the exposed semiconductor substrate 100 in the gap 130 in accordance with a SEG process, for example. The channel layer 135 may be a non-doped epitaxial layer (intrinsic epitaxial layer) and/or a doped epitaxial layer (extrinsic epitaxial layer) including no doped impurity or a doped impurity. Additionally, in case where impurities are doped into the channel layer 135, the doped impurities may be n type or p type. After the formation of the channel layer 135, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) or an etch back process may be performed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100 so as to planarize the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100. Of course the source region 105a and drain region 105b may also be formed of an epitaxial layer having a doped impurity, for example.
Referring to FIG. 12, a gate oxide layer 140 may be formed by oxidizing the surface of the exposed channel layer 135. The gate oxide layer 140 may be formed as part of a process of forming the gate electrode of the FET.
Referring to FIGS. 5, 13A and 13B, a conductive layer 145 for the gate electrode may be deposited so as to sufficiently fill a gap between the hard mask layers 120. The conductive layer 145 for the gate electrode may be a doped poly silicon layer, for example.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 14, the conductive layer 145 may be chemical mechanical polished to expose the surface of the hard mask layer 120. Then, the hard mask layer 120 is removed to form the gate electrode 150. At this time, sidewalls of the gate electrode 150 may substantially align with a boundary between the channel layer 135 and the source region 105a, and/or a boundary between the channel layer 135 and drain region 105b, as shown in FIG. 14, for example. A thermal annealing process can be additionally performed so as to adjust an overlap length between the gate electrode 150 and the source and drain regions 105a and 105b. 
Referring to FIGS. 7, 15A and 15B, corresponding spacers 155 may be formed on corresponding sidewalls of the gate electrode 150 by a known method. A transition metal layer may then be deposited on the resulting structure and a thermal process performed thereon to form a silicide layer 160 on the gate electrode 150, source region 105a and drain region 105b. 
Referring to FIG. 16, before the formation of the silicide layer 160, a portion of the isolation film 115 formed at one side the source and drain regions 105a and 105b may be removed to a given depth using a suitable etching process. In FIG. 16, this removed portion of the isolation film 115 may be shown by a notch in the isolation film 115. In an example, the isolation film 115 may be removed by an amount equal to the depth of the source and drain regions 105a and 105b. In this manner, surface area of the silicide layer 160 may be expanded.
Referring to FIG. 17, after the formation of the channel layer 135, a given portion of the isolation film 115 disposed in a width direction of the channel layer 135 may be removed to a given depth. By doing so, an upper surface of the channel layer 135 and the side surfaces in the width direction of the channel layer 135 may be exposed. A gate oxide layer 140 may be formed on the surface of the exposed channel layer 135, and the gate electrode 150 and the silicide layer 160 may be formed. As shown, the gate electrode 150 may be formed so as to enclose 3-dimensions of the channel layer 135, such that a FinFET (so called because the free-standing sidewall spacers of the formed FET resemble fins) using the 3-dimensions as a channel can be formed. Forming a FET such as a Fin FET as described above may reduce adverse effects of the short channel effect, and may be applied to a next generation semiconductor device, for example.
Referring to FIG. 18, a storage node may be formed after the gate oxide layer 140 is formed. The storage node may consist of a floating gate electrode 170 formed of polysilicon layer and an inter gate insulating layer 175 formed of oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO), for example. The storage node may be a charge storage unit, such as a single ONO layer or nano-crystal layer. If the storage node is embodied as a single ONO layer, the gate oxide layer 140 can be omitted. In this manner, a flash memory can be manufactured by forming the storage node on a lower portion of the gate electrode 145. Also as shown in FIG. 18, a flash FinFET can be manufactured by forming the floating gate electrode 170 and the inter gate insulating layer 175 once a portion of the isolation film 115 has been removed to a given depth, for example.
Referring to FIG. 19, a high mobility material 136 may be formed on the surface of the channel layer 135. The high mobility material 136 may be a material layer or stacked structure selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge and combinations thereof. Like the channel layer 135, the high mobility material 136 may be formed by a SEG process, for example. Transistor mobility may be improved by forming the high mobility material 136 on the surface of the channel layer 135.
According to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention as described above, the junction layer 105 may be formed of a doped silicon layer on the semiconductor substrate 100. The source and drain regions 105a and 105b may be formed by performing anisotrophic etching on the junction layer 105. A SEG process may be performed to fill a gap or groove 130 between the source and drain regions 105a and 105b, thereby forming the channel layer 135. Boundaries between the channel layer 135 and the source and drain regions 105a and 105b may be perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100, so that the doping profile of the source and drain regions 105a and 105b has a desired, definite abruptness. In this manner, junction abruptness may be improved.
FIGS. 20 through 22 are plan views of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 23 through 25 are sectional views of the transistor of FIGS. 20-22. For reference, FIGS. 23A, 24 and 25A are sectional views taken along the lines x-x′ of FIGS. 20 through 22, and FIGS. 23B and 25B are sectional views taken along the lines y-y′ of FIGS. 20 through 22.
Referring to FIGS. 20, 23A and 23B, a channel layer 205 may be formed on a semiconductor substrate 200. The channel layer 205 may be formed across part of or across the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 200, and may be a doped silicon layer. An impurity concentration of the channel layer 205 may be that of an implanted threshold voltage control ion of a FET (i.e., ion-implantation process). The channel layer 205 can be formed by implanting impurities into the semiconductor substrate 200 and activating the impurities. Also, the channel layer 205 can be formed by a deposition or a SEG process, for example. If the channel layer 205 is formed by the deposition or SEG process, the impurities may be introduced into the channel layer 205 together with the deposition (growth) at the same time, or may be introduced into the channel layer 205 by an ion-implantation process after the channel layer 205 is formed. In an example, the channel layer 205 may have a thickness suitable for the junction depth of the single channel transistor.
A mask pattern (such as shown in FIG. 1) for an isolation film may be formed on the channel layer 205 to expose a region for an isolation film. The mask pattern for the isolation film may be a silicon nitride layer, for example. A trench may be then formed by etching a given portion of the channel layer 205 and the semiconductor substrate 200 in a shape of the mask pattern. An isolation film 210 may thus be formed by filling the trench with an insulating material. The isolation film 210 may also be formed before the formation of the channel layer 205.
A gate oxide layer 215, gate electrode material 220 and a hard mask layer 225 may be sequentially stacked on the isolation film 210 and the channel layer 205. The gate oxide layer 215 can be formed by a thermal oxidation process. Also, the gate electrode material 220 may be a doped polysilicon layer and the hard mask layer 225 may be a silicon nitride layer. A photoresist pattern 230 may be formed on the hard mask layer 225 so as to define a gate electrode 222.
Referring to FIGS. 21 and 24, the hard mask layer 225 and gate electrode material 220 may be etched using the photoresist pattern 230 as a mask, thereby defining the gate electrode 222. Spacers 235 may then be formed on sidewalls of the gate electrode 222. The spacers 235 may be formed by performing a blanket etching on given thickness. The spacers 235 may be provided for insulation between the gate electrode 222 and source and drain regions (not shown), to be formed later. Gaps or exposed regions 240a and 240b (reserved for the source and drain regions) may be formed by performing an anisotrophic etching on the exposed gate oxide layer 215 and the channel layer 205 using the gate electrode 222 and the spacers 235 as a mask. Since the channel layer 205 is patterned by anisotrophic etching, its sidewalls are perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 200.
Referring to FIGS. 22, 25A and 25B, a source region 245a and a drain region 245b may be formed by performing a SEG process on the semiconductor substrate 200 corresponding to the exposed regions 240a and 240b. In an example, the source and drain regions 245a and 245b may be grown in a state that impurities are doped. Then, in some cases, the source and drain regions 245a and 245b may be planarized to expose the surface of the hard mask layer 225. Since the boundaries between the channel layer 205 and the source and drain regions 245a and 245b are perpendicular to the substrate 200 surface, the doping profile of the source and drain regions 245a and 245b has a desired, definite abruptness. Thus, the junction abruptness can be improved. In addition, the source and drain regions 245a and 245b ‘rise up’ the upper portion of the substrate 200 surface. Therefore, although thickness from a bottom of the gate electrode 222 to a bottom of the source and drain regions 245a and 245b is shallow, a total thickness of the source and drain regions 245a and 245b is actually increased, so that the junction resistance is improved.
Referring to FIG. 26, a storage node may be formed before the formation of the gate electrode 222. The storage node may include a floating gate electrode 250 and an inter gate insulating layer 255, or a single ONO layer or a nano-crystal layer, for example. The floating gate electrode 250 may be a doped polysilicon layer and the inter gate insulating layer 255 may be an ONO layer. If the storage node is a single ONO layer, the gate oxide layer 215 can be omitted. In this manner, a flash memory can be manufactured by forming the storage node on a lower portion of the gate electrode 222.
Referring to FIG. 27, a high mobility material 212 may be formed on the surface of the channel layer 205 before the formation of the gate oxide layer 215. The high mobility material 212 may be a material layer or stacked structure selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge and combinations thereof. The high mobility material 212 may be formed by a SEG process, for example. Transistor mobility may be improved by forming the high mobility material 212 on the surface of the channel layer 205.
According to the above exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gate electrode 222 and the channel layer 205 may be defined by the anisotrophic etching, and the source and drain regions 245a and 245b may be formed or built up on both sides of the channel layer 205 by the SEG process. Therefore, the boundaries between the channel layer 205 and the source and drain regions 245a and 245b may be perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 200, so that the doping profile of the source and drain regions 245a and 245b has a desired, definite abruptness. In this manner, junction abruptness may thus be improved.
FIGS. 28 through 30 are plan views of a transistor according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 31 through 33 are sectional views of the transistor in FIGS. 28-30. For reference, FIGS. 31A, 32 and 33 are sectional views taken along the lines x-x′ of FIGS. 28 through 30, and FIG. 31B is a sectional view taken along the line y-y′ of FIG. 28.
Referring to FIGS. 28, 31A and 31B, a channel layer 305 may be formed on a semiconductor substrate 300 by the same method as the above-described embodiments. The channel layer 305 may have a junction region thickness suitable for a short channel transistor, for example. An oxide layer 315 and a silicon nitride layer 320 may be sequentially stacked on the channel layer 305, and given portions of the silicon nitride layer 320 and the oxide layer 315 patterned to expose a region for a device isolation, thereby forming a mask pattern for an isolation film. A trench may be formed by etching given portions of the channel layer 305 and the semiconductor substrate 300 in a shape of the mask pattern. An isolation film 310 may be formed by filling the trench with an insulating material. At this time, the isolation film 310 can be formed before the formation of the channel layer 305.
In order to form a damascene gate electrode, a photoresist pattern (not shown) for opening the region reserved for gate electrode may be formed on the resulting structure. The exposed silicon nitride layer 320 may be etched in a shape of the photoresist pattern (not shown). Also, in order to form a FinFET, the exposed isolation film 310 may be etched. In FIG. 31B, reference numeral 310a represents the recessed isolation film 310. In an example, the surface of the isolation film 310a may be positioned at a bottom of the channel layer 305 so as to expose the sidewalls of the channel layer 305. Then, the photoresist pattern is removed.
A conductive layer for a gate electrode may be deposited on the resulting structure. Then, a damascene gate electrode 325 may be formed by performing a CMP on the conductive layer so as to expose the surface of the silicon nitride layer 320. In order to protect the gate electrode 325, a hard mask layer 330 may be formed by oxidizing the surface of the gate electrode 325.
When the region for the gate electrode is defined, the oxide layer 315 as well as the silicon nitride layer 320 may be removed and then a new gate oxide layer formed before the deposition of the conductive layer for the gate electrode 325.
Referring to FIGS. 29 and 32, the gate electrode 325 may be formed by etching the conductive layer for the gate electrode 325 using the hard mask layer 330 as a mask. Spacers 335 are formed on both sidewalls of the gate electrode 325. The spacers 335 act as an insulating layer and can be formed by performing a blanket etching on an insulating layer to a given thickness or oxidizing the sidewalls of the gate electrode 325 to a given oxide thickness. The spacers 335 are provided for insulation between the gate electrode 325 and source and drain region (not shown), which will be formed later.
An anisotrophic etching may be performed on the exposed gate oxide layer 315 and the channel layer 305 using the gate electrode 325 and the spacers 335 as a mask. In this manner, regions or gaps 340a and 340b, reserved for the source and drain regions, may be formed. Since the channel layer 305 is patterned by the anisotrophic etching, its sidewalls may be perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 300.
Referring to FIGS. 30 and 33, source and drain regions 345a and 345b may be formed via a SEG process, for example, on the semiconductor substrate 300 disposed at the exposed gaps or 340a and 340b reserved for the source and drain regions. The source and drain regions 345a and 345b may be formed on side portions disposed in a length direction of the channel layer 305. Also, preferably, the source and drain regions 345a and 345b may be grown in a state that impurities are doped. Then, in some cases, the source and drain regions 345a and 345b may be planarized to expose the surface of the hard mask layer 320.
As described above, since the source and drain regions 345a and 345b are formed so as to rise up from the surface of substrate 300, the junction abruptness may be additionally improved. Similar to as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, a silicide layer may also be formed on the source and drain regions 345a and 345b. 
Referring to FIG. 34, a storage node can be formed before the gate oxide layer 315 is formed. The storage node may be a stacked structure of a floating gate electrode 350 and an inter gate insulating layer 355, or an ONO layer or a nano-crystal layer. When the storage node is a single ONO layer, the gate oxide layer 315 can be omitted. In this manner, a flash FinFET can be manufactured by forming the storage node on a lower portion of the gate electrode 325.
Referring to FIG. 35, a high mobility material 312 may be further formed on the surface of the channel layer 305 before the formation of the gate oxide layer 315. The high mobility material 312 may be a material layer or stacked structure selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ge and combinations thereof. The high mobility material 312 may be formed by a SEG process, for example. In this manner, a FinFET with an improved mobility can be improved by forming the high mobility material 312 on the surface of the channel layer 305.
According to the above exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the channel layer 305 is defined by the anisotrophic etching, the boundaries between the channel layer 305 and the source and drain regions 345a and 345b may be perpendicular to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 300, so that the doping profile of the source and drain regions 345a and 345b has a desired, definite abruptness. Thus, the junction abruptness is improved. Also, the transistor according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention may have a FinFET structure in which the gate electrode 325 and the floating gate electrode 350 is overlapped with the upper and side surfaces of the channel layer 305 to reduce the occurrence of the short channel effect.
As described above, the source and drain regions (and/or the channel region) may be defined by the anisotrophic etching, and the channel region formed between the source and drain regions (and/or the source and drain regions formed on both sides of the channel layer) may be formed by a SEG process. Therefore, boundaries between the channel layer and the source and drain regions may be perpendicular (i.e., perpendicular or substantially perpendicular) to the semiconductor substrate, so that the doping profile of the source and drain regions has a desired abruptness. Thus, the junction abruptness can be improved and the spreading resistance occurring at the boundaries of the junction region can be reduced.
Even when the junction depth of the source and source regions (junction region) is reduced, any increase in the junction resistance may be avoided. Therefore, the single channel effect can be suppressed so that the on current of the transistor can be improved.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as departure from the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A method of forming a field effect transistor (FET), comprising:
forming a channel layer with a semiconductor substrate;
forming a gate oxide layer on the channel layer;
forming a gate electrode material on the gate oxide layer;
forming a mask layer on the gate electrode material;
patterning the gate electrode material using the mask layer to form a gate electrode;
forming spacers;
etching the channel layer using the spacers as a mask for defining regions reserved for a source region and a drain region; and
forming an impurity-containing epitaxial layer in the defined regions to form the source and drain regions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the FET is a FinFET and the step of forming a channel layer comprises forming a protruded channel layer.

3. A method of forming a FinFET comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate with a protrusion, the protrusion having a top surface and opposite side surfaces;
forming a layer on the protrusion;
patterning the layer to form a line pattern from the layer, the line pattern extending across the top surface of the protrusion;
removing a first portion of the protrusion on a first side of the line pattern at a first location;
removing a second portion of the protrusion on a second side of the line pattern at a second location, a remaining portion of the protrusion under the line pattern and defined by the removal of the first and second portions of the protrusion comprising a channel region of the FinFET;
epitaxially growing a source region of the FinFET at the first location of the semiconductor substrate and a drain region of the FinFET at the second location of the semiconductor substrate, the channel region being interposed between the source region and the drain region.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
implanting impurities into a first portion of the semiconductor substrate; and
forming the protrusion from the first portion.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first line pattern comprises a hard mask comprising an insulating material.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising forming gate sidewall spacers.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein a junction of the source region and the channel region aligns with a first gate sidewall spacer and a junction of the drain region and the channel region aligns with a second gate sidewall spacer.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the line pattern comprises a gate structure.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the gate structure comprises a floating gate.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the gate structure comprises a gate electrode.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein the line pattern is formed to extend from one of the opposite side surfaces of the protrusion to the other of the opposite side surfaces of the protrusion and across the top surface of the protrusion.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first line pattern comprises polysilicon.

13. The method of claim 3, wherein providing a semiconductor substrate with a protrusion comprises:
etching a trench in the semiconductor substrate;
forming an insulating material in the trench; and
etching a top surface of the insulating material in the trench to expose the opposite side surfaces of the protrusion.

14. The method of claim 3, wherein providing a semiconductor substrate with a protrusion comprises:
epitaxially growing the protrusion on the semiconductor substrate.

15. A method of forming a FinFET comprising:
forming a fin extending from a semiconductor substrate, the fin comprising a crystalline semiconductor material;
forming a gate structure including sidewall spacers, the gate structure including a first side and a second side opposite the first side;
removing a first portion of the crystalline semiconductor material of the fin at the first side of the gate structure to a first location of the fin;
removing a second portion of the crystalline semiconductor material of the fin at the second side of the gate structure to a second location of the fin; and
epitaxially growing a drain region of the FinFET at the first location of the fin and epitaxially growing a source region of the FinFET at the second location of the fin,
wherein a channel region of the FinFET is formed from the fin at a location under the gate structure and between the drain region and the source region.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein a junction of the drain region and the channel region aligns with a first sidewall spacer of the gate structure and a junction of the source region and the channel region aligns with a second sidewall spacer of the gate structure.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the gate structure is formed before removing first and second portions of the fin.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the gate structure comprises a gate electrode extending along side surfaces and a top surface of the channel region formed from the fin.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of removing first and second portions of the fin comprises anisotropic etching.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the drain region and source region are grown with impurities.

21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
implanting impurities of the protrusion into the semiconductor substrate prior to etching the trench in the semiconductor substrate.