### WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA
1999 EMISSIONS INVENTORY

FOR PARTICULATE MATTER

July2002 Prepared by: Mr. Daniel lnouye

Washoe County District Health Department AirQuality Management Division P.O. Box 11130 Reno, Nevada 89520ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The AirQuality Management Division ofthe Washoe County District Health Departmentwishesto extend its appreciation to the following local agencies for their assistance in completing this emission inventory:
Sierra Pacific PowerCompany Union Pacific Railroad Cityof Reno Building Department Cityof Reno Fire Department CityofSparks Building Department CityofSparks Fire Department Washoe County Building Department Washoe County DepartmentofCommunity Development State of Nevada Departmentof MotorVehicles and Public Safety State of Nevada Department ofTransportation Regional Transportation Commission ofWashoe County Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District Washoe CountyAirportAuthorityTABLE ofCONTENTS

Section Page Number 1. Introduction 1-1 Emissions Summary 1-4 2. Point Sources 2-1 3. StationaryArea Sources Industrial Processes 3-7 Concrete Production 3-9 Asphalt Processes 3-9 Construction 3-9 Incinerators 3-13 Commercial Charbroiling 3-13 Sand and Gravel Operations 3-14 Sand Blasting Operations 3-14 Gold Mining/Assay Labs 3-14 Gypsum Wallboard Manufacturing 3-15 Miscellaneous Industrial Processes 3-15 Fuel Combustion 3-16 Natural Gas, Fuel Oil, and LPG Combustion 3-18 Residential Solid Fuel Combustion 3-19 MiscellaneousArea Sources 3-22 Paved Streets 3-24 Unpaved Roads 3-26 Street Sanding 3-28 Fires 3-29 Wildf,res 3-30 Structure Fires 3-30 Automobile Fires 3-31 Fire Fighting Training Fires 3-31 Prescribed Burning 3-32 Refuse Fires 3-33 4. Non-Road Mobile Sources 4-1 Aircraft 4-6 MiscellaneousVehicles/Equipment 4-7 Gasoline4-7 Diesel 4-9 Railroads 4-12TABLE of CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page Number 5. On-Road MotorVehicles 5~1 On-Road Diesel and Gasoline 5-3 Diesel Idling 5-7 6. QualityAssurance/Quality Control Policy Statement 6-1 Inventory Purpose 6-1 Program Summary 6-1 QA Planning 6-2 Data Collection and Analysis 6-6 Data Handling 6-7 Data Reporting 6-8 System Audits 6-8LIST ofTABLES

Table Page Number 1-1 1999Washoe 

### County Demographic Data 1-1 1-2 PM10 Emission Summary 1-5 1-3 Washoe County PM10 Non-AttainmentArea; TopTen PM10 Categories; Ranked byAnnual Contribution 1-7 3-1 StationaryArea Source Categories 3-2 3-2 ActivityI Commodity Data Sources 3-3 3-3 Seasonal Estimation ProceduresforStationaryArea Sources 3-5 3-4 StationaryArea Source Emission Summary 3-6 3-5 Construction Activity Emission Factors 3-10 3-6 Fuel Combustion SAF and WeeklyActivity Data 3-18 3-7 Summaryof Fuel Combustion Emissions 3-19 3-8 Solid Fuel Combustion Activity Datafora Typical WinterSeason 3-20 3-9 Solid Fuel Burning Devices PM10 Emissions 3-20 3-10 Residential Solid Fuel Combustion Activity Data 3-21 3-11 LowADT Roads; DailyVehicle MilesTraveled (VMT) 3-25 3-12 High ADT Roads: DailyVehicle MilesTraveled (VMT) 3-25 3-13 Paved Road PM10 Emissions 3-26 3-14 Miles of Unpaved Roads 3-26 3-15 Total Unpaved Road PM10 Emissions 3-28 3-16 Street Sanding PM10 Emissions 3-29 3-17 1999 WildfireActivity Data 3-30 3-18 1999 Structure FireActivity Data 3-31 3-19 1999 Automobile Fire Activity Data 3-31 3-20 1999 Fire Fighting Training Activity Data 3-32 3-21 1999 Prescribed Burning Activity Data 3-32 3-22 1999 Refuse Fire Activity Data 3-33 4-1 Non-Road Mobile Source Categories 4-2 4-2 Activity I Commodity Data Sources 4-3 4-3 Estimation Proceduresfor Non-Road Mobile Sources 4-3 4-4 Non-Road Màbile Source Emissions Summary 4-4 4-5 1999AircraftActivity Data and Emissions 4-6 4-6 1999 Diesel Railroad Locomotives Emissions 4-12 5-1 On-Road Mobile Source Emission Summary 5-1 5-2 On-Road Mobile PM10 Emissions by Facility 5-3 5-3 PART5 Mobile Particulate Emission Factors; PM10

-Washoe County 5-5 5-4 On-Road Vehicle Categories 5-6 6-1 Principles ofthe QC Program 6-5

### LIST of 

### FIGURES

Figure Page Number 1-1 State of Nevada 1-2 1-2 1999 PM10 NAAAnnual Emissions 1-6 1-3 1999 

### PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Top 10 Categories 1-8 1-4 1999 PM10 NM PeakSeason Emissions; Top 10 Categories 1-9 3-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Industrial Processes 3-8 3-2 1999 PM10 NMAnnual Emissions; Fuel Combustion 3-17 3-3 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; MiscellaneousArea Sources 3-23 4-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Non-Road Mobile 4-5 5-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; On-Road Mobile 5-2 6-1 Data FlowChart 6-3 

# C.SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION This emission inventory was compiled for all point and area sources within Washoe County and specifically concentrates on particulate matter sources within the Truckee Meadows PM10 NonAttainment Area (NM). The boundaries ofthe NM are synonymous with the boundaries ofthe Truckee Meadows hydrographic basin (hydrographic basin 87 as defined by the Nevada Division ofWater Resources). Figure 1-1 is a map of Nevada showing Washoe Countyand indicating the NM in relation toWashoe Countyand the State. Washoe County is located in the northwestern portion of Nevada. It is bordered by California on the west and Oregon to the North. Within Nevada, Washoe County is bounded by Carson, Storey, Lyon, Churchill, Pershing, and Humdboldt Counties. Washoe County encompasses a land area of6,608 square miles. The NM is located in the southern part ofWashoe County and is comprised ofthree governmental entities including 

### two incorporated cities, Reno and Sparks, and portions ofunincorporated Washoe County. Demographic data characterizing the three major governmental entities in Washoe County are presented in Table 1-1. Data for the NM was approximated as closely as possible from the available data. TABLE 1-1 1999 Washoe County Demographic Data

Cityof City of PM10 Washoe Demographic Parameter Reno Sparks NM County Population 176,900 64,220 258,952 323,690 Land Area (square miles) 56 20 203 6,608 Numberof Households 78,300 26,300 113,200 141,500 1999 PM10 Season Temp Range 50—25 50-25 50-25 50-25 Mean Temp (°F) 35 35 35 35

Washoe County

— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-1FIGURE 1-1 State of Nevada

Legend: Truckee Meadows Basin

Non-AttainmentArea for Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter 

## Idaho

Utah

Californía

Arizona

Washoe County

— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-2In past years, Washoe County and specifically the Twckee Meadows hydrographic basin has

exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10), and ozone (03). Based on those exceedances, the Twckee Meadows hydrographic basin is currently considered non-attainment for CO and PM10, and the entire county is non-attainmentfor03. The CO NAA was classified as a moderate [< 12.7 ppm] non-attainment area. The last exceedance ofthe CO NAAQS was recorded on December 13, 1991. The Washoe County Air Quality Management Division (WCAQMD) is considering requesting to be redesignated to attainmentstatus forCO. Washoe Countywas designated a Marginal 03 non-attainment area until June 5, 1998, when the EPA revoked the 1-hour 03 NAAQS for our area and reclassified Washoe County as an attainment area. On December20, 2000, the EPA reinstated the 1-hour03 NAAQS because the proposed 8-hour NAAQS had been challenged in a U.S. Supreme Court case. Washoe County has not exceeded the 1-hour 03 NAAQS since February 25, 1990, and has not currently or historicallyexceeded the proposed 8-hour03 NAAQS. The PM10 NAA was originally •designated as a Moderate non-attainment area. However, according to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, if a Moderate area did not attain both the 24-hourand annual PM10 NAAQS by December31, 1994, the area should be bumped up to the designation of Serious non-attainment. The ambient air quality for the Truckee Meadows did not meetthe CAAA deadline. The EPA neveracted by bumping the Truckee Meadows up to a Serious PM10 non-attainment area..because they.realized that the regulations adopted for the Moderate State Implementation Planwere improving the airquality. In 2000, environmental groups sued the EPAfor in-action. Consequently, the Truckee Meadows was bumped up to.a Serious PM10 non-attainment area effective February 7, 2001. To further support the bumping, the. Twckee Meadows exceeded the 24-hour NAAQS on January 6, 1999 aswell as the annual NAAQSfor 1999. The emission yearforthis inventory is 1999. This is a new inventory, not an update ofthe 1988 PM10 Emission Inventory. The PM10 season was determined by reviewing the ambient air quality data.between 1989 and 1999. The consecutive three-month period with the highest measured PM10 levelswas then determined foreach year. The data showthatduring,each yearthe majority of PM10 exceedances occurred during~the months of November, Decemberand January. Based on this review, it is evidentthatthe peak PM10 season occurs during thewinter months. The PM10 inventory described herein was the responsibility of the staff of the WCAQMD. However, a number of local agencies were instrumental in compiling the activity data. The Regional Transportation Commission ofWashoe County ran all necessarytransportation planning models to develop vehicle miles traveled (VMT), vehicle speeds, etc. The WCAQMD ran the PART5 model to determine motorvehicle emission factors. Fire activitydatawere reported bythe three local fire agencies, the City of Reno Fire Department, the City of Sparks Fire Department, and the Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District. Aircraft LTOs were reported by the Washoe County Airport Authority. Railroad activity data were provided by Union Pacific Railroad. The Washoe County Department of Community Development, the City of Reno Community Development Department, and the City of Sparks Planning Department provided demographic data such as population, numberofhousing units, etc. Washoe County

— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-3

### Specificresponsibilitieswithin the inventoryprocesswereassigned in thefollowing manner:

PointSources, StationaryArea Sources, and Non-Road Mobile Sources: Daniel lnouye AirQuality Management Division Washoe County District Health Department (775) 784-7214 On-Road Mobile Sources: Yann Ling AirQuality Management Division Washoe County District Health Department (775) 784-7208 VMT

### and FacilitySpeed Estimates: Regional Transportation Commission ofWashoe County (775) 323-2800 EMISSIONS SUMMARY Asummaryofthe PM10 emission totals bysource categoryforthe NM~ and Washoe Countyas a Whole:is given, in Table 1-2.. All values given in these tables and in subsequent tables are in English units. Acompletediscussion regarding.howthesevalueswere determinedwill be given in the following sections. The distribution ofthese emissions within the NAA 

### by source category is illustrated in Figure 1-2. Section 2 discusses point sources. Section 3 describes the approach used to compile inventory data for stationary aréa.sources. Section 4 discusses non-road mobile sources. The inventory procedures used to determine on-road mobile source emissions are described in Section 5. Finally, Section 6will presentthe results ofqualityassurance effortsforthe inventoryprocess.

• Table 1-3 liststhe PM10. Categories’ ranked by percent annual contribution. Figures 1-3 and 1-4 

### graphicallydepictthose percentconcentrations annUally (tons/year) and on a typical peakseason PM10day~(lbs/day), respectively. ‘Thefigures illustratethe difference in relative source contribution between annual emissions, and peak‘season typical PM10dayemissions.

Washoe County— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-4TABLE 1-2 PM10 Emission Summary

PM10 NM County SOURCE CATEGORY Annual PeakSeason Annual PeakSeason (tons/year) (lbs/PM day) (tons/year) (lbs/PM day) STATIONARY SOURCES lndustiial Processes

- Concrete Production 96.2 616.3 96.4 618.1 Asphalt Production

- 1.2 0.0 22.7 0.0 Construction-Residential 622.3 1,595.6 1,020.7 2,617.2 Construction-Commercial

. .493.0 1,264.1 751.5 1,926.9 Incinerators 2.8 15.5 2.8 15.5 Charbroilers 38.9 213.9 48.7 267.4 Sand and Gravel Pits 22.5 57.8 119.0 305.2 Sand Blasting 12.5 80.3 13.3 85.3 Gold Mining/Assay Labs .10.3.. 66.1 35.1 225.1 Gypsum Wallboard Mfg.

- 0.0. 0.0 33.8 216.6 Miscellaneous*

. 1,037.1 231.7 1,485.3 Subtotal I ,46~1 .5 4,946.7 2,375.7 14,040.0 Fuel Combustion Industilal/Commercial

. . 29.4 238.1 35.5 286.8 Residential 23.5

. 183.7

. 35.0. 273.5 Wood Combustion 387.0 6,804.4 -566.0. 9,951.7

- Subtotal 439.9 7,226.2 636.5 10,512.0 MiscellaneousArea Sourc~s Paved Streets 2,195.7 12,031.1

. 2,976.3 16,308.5 Unpaved Roads 93.8 515.4 10,094.9 55,466.5~~ StreetSanding 20.3 1,894.3 38.0 3,539.9 Wildfires 8.7 19.1 11.9 24.9 Structure Fires 5.0 30.8 5:6

. 35.3 Firefighting/Training 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Automobile Fires 3.1 16.9 3.5 19.1 Prescribed Burning 5.5 27.4 49.0 266.4 Refuse Fires OA 24 01

. 40

: Subtotal 2,332.5 14,537.4 13,180.0 75,664.7 MOBILE SOURCES Non-Road Aircraft 2.5 12.93 3.1 16.09

~ Non-Road Vehicles/Equip

- 169.6 626.17 361.8 1,094.91 Railroads

. 2.6 5 20.7 113.42 Subtotal 174.7 653.35 385.6 1,224.42 On-Road Diesel

- 116.2 586.0 159.1 803.1 Gasoline

~- 41.3 208.3~ 56.7 285.4 Diesel Idling ‘5.5 30.2 11.1 60.9 Subtotal 163.0 824.5 226.9 1,149.4 GRANDTOTAL 4,571.6 28,188.2 16,804.7 96,313.2

*Approximately50% ofthe Industrial Processes

- Miscellaneousannual emissions in the PM10 Non-AttainmentAreaare attributed to SIC Code2821, Plastics Materials, Synthetic Resins, and Nonvulcanizable Elastomers.. Washoe County— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-5MiscellaneousAreaSources51.0%WashoeCounty—1999PM10InventoryNon-Roa3.8%1-6(I.FIGURE1-21999PM10NAAAnnualEmissionsTABLE 1-3.. Washoe County PM10 Non-AttainmentArea ‘~TopTen~PM10 Categories’ Ranked ByAnnual Contribution

ANNUAL PERCENT PEAKSEASON PERCENT CATEGORY (TONS perYEAR) ofTOTAL (LBS per DAY) ofTOTAL Payed Streets/Re-Entrained Dust 2,195.7 48.0 12,031.1 42.7 Construction 1,1153 24.4 2,859.7 10.1 Residential Wood Combustion 387.0 8.5 6,804.4 ?4~1 Stationary/Industrial Processes 346.2 7.6 2,087.0 7.4 Mobile Off-RoadVehicles 174.7 3.8 653.4 2~3 Mobile On-RoadVehicles 163.0 3.6 824.5 2.9 Unpaved Roads 93.8 2.1 515.4 1.8 Fuel Combustion 52.8 1.2 421.8 1.5 Fires 22.7 0.5 96.6 0.3 StreetSanding 20.3 0.4 1,894.3 6.7

Washoe County—1999 PM10 Inventory 1-7CO

a) >-
U) C 0 I— 

### FIGURE 1-3

1999 PM10 NAAAnnual Emissions Top 10 Categories

Category

Washoe County

— 1999 

### PM10 Inventory 1-8>.. Co U a) Co D 0 0~ 

### FIGURE 1-4

1999 PM10 NAA Peak Season Emissions

Top 10 Categories

Category



### Washoe County

— 

### 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-9SECTION 2

POINT SOURCES Point sources are those facilities for which individual source records are maintained in an emission inventory. Forthe purposes ofthe current inventory, EPA has designated 100tons/year for PM10 as the cutoff level for point sources in areas which are not serious PM10 non-attainment areas. All sources above this cutoff could be inventoried as individual point sources. Sources with emissions below this level may also be treated as point sources if the responsible agency electsto do so. Within Washoe County and the Truckee Meadows PM10 non-attainment area (NM), all point sources with criteria pollutant emissions in excess of

### two pounds/day (0.37 tons/year) are tracked through the Washoe CountyAir Quality Management Division’s (WCAQMD) permitting database. The WCAQMD is confident that all of the larger sources of air pollution within the County are registered. The WCAQMD coordinates with the business license departments of Reno, Sparks and Washoe Countyto review new business applications to ascertain ifthe business needs an air quality permit. Staff has also conducted door-to-door surveys in industrial areas to ensure we have issued permits to all existing sourceswhich need to be registered. A search of this database was performed to determine which sources should be inventoried as point sources. The complete list of the permitted general sources in Washoe County and their 1999 emissions is included in AppendixA. Currently, there is only one source emitting more than 100 tons/yr of PM10 in Washoe County, and this source is outside of the PM10 NM. Therefore, the WCAQMD elected to treat all permitted sources as stationary area sources. The sources are listed in Section 3 underthe appropriate area source category, and the aggregate activity level for the permitted sourceswas treated as a single area source ratherthan numerous pointsources.

Washoe County

— 

### 1999 PM10 Inventory 2-1