Attachment42006AirQualitvReport

# State of Ohio

Enviromental Protection Agency

Division of Air Pollution Control

2006 Annual Report

Ted Strickland, Governor

Chris Korleski, Director

# STATE OF OHIO

AIR QUALITY

CALENDAR YEAR 2006

PREPARED BY

AIR QUALITY AND ANALYSIS UNIT

DIVISION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

# Our Mailing address is:

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control

PO Box 1049

Columbus, OH 43216-1049

And we are located at:

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control

50 West Town Street, Suite 700

Columbus, OH 43215

Ohio EPA’s web address is:

www.epa.state.oh.us

The Ohio EPA’s general phone number is:

(614) 644-3020

The Division of Air Pollution Control phone number is:

(614) 644-2270

# i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. General Review

2006 air quality data are summarized for the

seven criteria pollutants: particulate matter

less than 10 microns in diameter (PM 10 

# ) and

particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in

diameter (PM 2.5 

# ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

# ), nitrogen

dioxide (NO 2 

# ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3 

# ),

and lead (Pb). Data are also summarized for

total suspended particulates (TSP).

A section discussing Toxics monitoring projects

conducted in 2006 is included.

Trend studies are presented for three criteria

pollutants: SO 2 

# , CO, and O 3



# .

Precision and accuracy data gathered through the

quality assurance programs are also included.

B. Discussion of Violations

Violations of multiple-year, annual and short

term air quality standards by county and

pollutant are shown in Figures 3 through 17 and

in Table 3

.

C. Conclusions

1. There are now 44 PM 10 

# monitoring sites and 50 PM 2.5 

# monitoring sites with 83 monitors, continuous,

intermittent and speciation. In 1987 there were 30

PM 10 

# and no PM 2.5 

# monitoring sites. Nearly all

monitoring for particulate matter is conducted

using PM 10 

# and PM 2.5 

# samplers. Monitoring for TSP

has essentially been discontinued. During 2006, 10

# TSP sites reported data, down from 217 sites in

1987. Of those 10 sites all are monitoring for

lead or other metals and also report TSP data.

2. Sulfur dioxide levels in urban areas have dropped

an average of 23.6% in the last ten years. There

were no violations of SO 2 

# air quality standards in

2006.

3. No overall trend is indicated for the past several

years for carbon monoxide. Figure 21 shows

individual urban area trends.

4. The relatively high lead concentrations sampled in

Fulton and Logan Counties are the result of

industrial source monitoring. Monitors are located

near lead processing sources in those counties to

determine compliance with the standard.

5. All areas are monitoring attainment of the now

revoked one hour ozone standard. Twenty-nine

counties are monitoring attainment of the eight

hour standard. There are three counties with

monitored non-attainment based on data for 2004

through 2006.

6. No violations of air quality standards for nitrogen

dioxide were recorded in 2006.

7. No air pollution alerts were declared in 2006.

D. The Ohio Network

In 2006 there were a total of 253 monitors at

217 sites reporting data. There were 14 carbon

monoxide, 30 sulfur dioxide, 3 nitrogen

dioxide, 49 ozone, 44 10 micron particulate

(PM 10 

# ), 47 2.5 micron particulate Federal

Reference Monitors (PM 2.5 

# ) and 20 lead sites.

The only states with comparable or more

monitoring sites are California with 675, Texas

with 265 and Pennsylvania with 247 sites.

ii

# iii TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................ i

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................ iii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES....................... iv

TOXICS DATA TABLES............................... v

I. INTRODUCTION..................................... 1

II. SUMMARY OF 2006 AIR QUALITY DATA................. 10

III. AIR QUALITY TRENDS............................... 27

IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM........................ 37

V. AIR QUALITY DATA FOR 2006........................ 45

Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)............. 47

Particulate Matter <10m (PM 10 

# )................. 50

Particulate Matter <2.5m (PM 2.5 

# )............... 54

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

# )........................... 62

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 

# )......................... 65

Carbon Monoxide (CO)........................... 67

Ozone (O 3 

# )..................................... 69

Lead........................................... 83

VI. AIR TOXICS MONITORING............................ 87

VII. AIR POLLUTION EPISODES AND THE

AIR QUALITY INDEX.............................. 117

VIII. MONITORING SITES IN 2006........................ 121

Acronyms and Abbreviations...................... 128

Reporting Organizations......................... 129

# iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Page

TABLE 1 Air Quality Standards For the Criteria

Pollutants................................. 6

TABLE 2 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in Ohio ....... 9

TABLE 3 Violations of Air Quality Standards by

County..................................... 26

TABLE 4 Ohio SO Trends 1997-2006................... 27 2 

# ABLES 5 10 T - Precision and Accuracy Data for each Local

Air Agency and District Office............. 39-44

TABLE 11 Target Compound List For Canister Analysis.. 92

TABLE 12 AQI Values and Pollutant Concentrations..... 118

TABLE 13 AQI by Category Totals...................... 119

FIGURE 1 Map and Directory of District and Local

Air Pollution Agencies..................... 7

FIGURE 2 Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio......... 8

FIGURE 3 PM 10 

# Highest Annual Average by County........ 11

FIGURE 4 PM 10 

# 2 nd 

# High 24-HR Concentration............. 12

FIGURE 5 PM 2.5 

# Highest Annual Average by County....... 13

FIGURE 6 PM 2.5 

# 98 th 

# Percentile 24-HR Conc. by County... 14

FIGURE 7 PM 2.5 

# 2004-2006 Average of Annual Averages... 15

FIGURE 8 SO Highest Annual Mean by County............ 16

FIGURE 9 SO 2

2 

# 2 nd 

# Highest 24-HR Concentration by County 17

FIGURE 10 SO 2 

# 2 nd 

# Highest 3-HR Concentration by County. 18

FIGURE 11 CO 2 nd 

# Highest 8-HR Concentration by County... 19

FIGURE 12 CO 2 nd 

# Highest 1-HR Concentration by County... 20

FIGURE 13 NO 2 

# Highest Annual Mean by County............. 21

FIGURE 14 O 3 

# 2 nd 

# Highest 1-HR Concentration by County.... 22

FIGURE 15 O 4 Highest 8-HR Concentration by County.... 23

Figure 16 O 3 th

3 

# 2004-2006 Avg. of 4 th 

# High 8-Hr. Averages... 24

FIGURE 17 Lead Highest Quarterly Mean by County......... 25

FIGURE 18 SO Trend Study Results....................... 28 2 

# FIGURE 19 Ozone Trend Study Results, 1-Hr Exceedances... 30

FIGURE 20 Ozone Trend Study Results, 8-Hr 4 th 

# Highs..... 31

FIGURE 21 CO Trend Study Results....................... 33-36

# v TOXICS DATA TABLES

Urban Air Toxics

TABLE A Butler Co. ................................. 95

TABLE B Hamilton Co. ............................... 96

TABLE C Cuyahoga Co. (035-0038)..................... 97

TABLE D Cuyahoga Co. (035-0068)..................... 98

TABLE E Cuyahoga Co. (035-0069)..................... 99

TABLE F Cuyahoga Co. (035-0071)..................... 100

TABLE G Franklin Co. ............................... 101

TABLE H Jefferson Co. .............................. 102

TABLE I Washington Co. ............................. 103

Heavy Metals Data

TABLE J Middletown (Lefferson Rd.).................. 106

TABLE K East Liverpool (Port Authority)............. 106

TABLE L East Liverpool (Waterplant)................. 107

TABLE M East Liverpool (Maryland Ave.).............. 107

TABLE N Cleveland (St. Tikhon)...................... 108

TABLE O Cleveland (Fire Station 4A)................. 108

TABLE P Cleveland (Ferro)........................... 109

TABLE Q Cleveland (Fortran)......................... 109

TABLE R Cleveland (W 3 rd 

# St.)........................ 110

TABLE S Cleveland (Broadway Ave.)................... 110

TABLE T Cleveland (Superior Ave.)................... 111

TABLE U Columbus (Woodrow Ave.)..................... 111

TABLE V Fulton Co. (Delta).......................... 112

TABLE W Bellefontaine .............................. 112

TABLE X Washington Co. (Lancaster Rd.).............. 113

TABLE Y Marietta.................................... 113

TABLE Z Washington Co. (ERAMET)..................... 114

TABLE AA Ottawa Co. (Brush Wellman) ................. 114

TABLE AB Marion Co. (635 Bellefontaine) ............. 115

TABLE AC Marion Co. (441 Whitmore St.) .............. 115

# Blank Page vi

# 1 I. INTRODUCTION

A. General

A variety of substances are generated and released into the

atmosphere by a multitude of manmade sources as well as natural

sources. Those substances that may affect public health and

welfare are regarded as "air pollutants". The U.S. EPA has

established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to

safeguard the public health and welfare from selected air

pollutants. The pollutants for which standards have been

promulgated are: Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

# ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 

# ),

Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O 3 

# ), Lead (Pb), Particulate Matter

 10 microns (PM 10 

# ) and Particulate Matter  2.5 microns (PM 2.5 

# ).

The standards are ambient concentrations that are expressed in

micrograms per cubic meter (g/m 3 

# ) or parts per million (ppm) per

duration (1 hr., 3 hr., etc.) with a restriction (not to be

exceeded or not to be exceeded more than once per year, etc.).

Table 1 shows the NAAQS in effect at the end of 2006.

In some cases, standards are separated into two parts: primary

and secondary. The primary standard sets the level of air

pollution above which human health is endangered. The secondary

standard sets the level above which the welfare of citizens is

endangered due to air pollution damage to crops, animals,

vegetation and materials.

This report contains a summary of measured high concentrations

of the pollutants, selected statistics, including quality

assurance of the data, and trend analyses for various areas in

Ohio. A brief description of the pollutants, the sources from

which the pollutants originate and the adverse health effects of

the pollutants and the monitoring methods, precede the tabulated

pollutant concentrations.

Ambient air is generally defined as air that is accessible to

the general public. The air that is within (over) the fenced in

or guarded areas of facility property is not ambient.

Data for this report were collected by Ohio EPA, local air

pollution control agencies and private industry. An indication

of the accuracy of data from each reporting organization is

located in a separate section on Quality Assurance.

B. Development of the Ohio Air Monitoring System

Society's concern about the pollution of air brought about the

first national law, the Clean Air Act of July 14, 1955. This

Act and its subsequent amendments first encouraged, then

authorized grants to help finance the establishment of state and

# 2 local air pollution control programs.

In 1963, aided in part by this federal program, the Ohio

Department of Health established the Ohio Air Sampling Network

(OASN) with 21 sites. The OASN was designed to measure the

levels of "Total Suspended Particulate" (TSP) throughout the

state.

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 mandated the promulgation

of the NAAQS and delegated authority to develop plans for their

attainment to the individual states. To oversee the provisions

of this Act, the U.S. EPA was formed in February of 1972 by

Presidential Order.

After proposing standards for the criteria air pollutants, the

US EPA worked with Ohio to set up the State Implementation Plan

(SIP) which included a detailed air monitoring program for the

original six criteria pollutants: TSP, sulfur dioxide, carbon

monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead and ozone. The SIP is a

state's master plan for achievement of the NAAQS. The SIP

contains detailed provisions for reducing concentrations of each

of the regulated pollutants, where necessary, to achieve and

maintain the NAAQS.

In October 1972, Ohio EPA was established by State law (Ohio

Revised Code Section 3745.01) and the air monitoring program was

significantly enlarged. Many local air pollution control

agencies and private industries participated in this program.

See Figure 1 for the location of the five districts and the nine

local air agencies currently supporting the air program.

In 1980, the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA established and designated

certain portions of Ohio's network to be a part of the National

Air Monitoring Station (NAMS) network, created for the purpose

of tracking national trends. In 1980, the US EPA also required

that all sites produce data of adequate quality to meet

monitoring objectives and adequate quantity to meet statistical

and trend requirements. All NAMS sites were to meet these

requirements beginning with 1981 data, and all other sites

beginning with 1983 data.

On March 20, 1984, the U.S. EPA proposed a standard for

inhaleable particles of ten micrometers in diameter and smaller.

To enable the states to begin collecting data without excessive

delay the U.S. EPA provided the states with monitors in late

1984. Ohio's field offices began collecting PM 10 

# data during

1985 and a network of sites were primarily located in urban

areas. The PM 10 

# standard was promulgated on July 1, 1987 and

became effective on July 31, 1987.

# 3 The U.S. EPA promulgated new particulate monitoring regulations

and National Ambient Air Quality Standards on July 18, 1997.

The new particulate standard is for particulate matter less than

or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. The first monitors

began to collect data in January 1999. Monitors to determine

the chemical makeup of the particulate were added in the year

2000 and in 2001 hourly reading monitors were added.

The one hour ozone standard was supplemented on July 18, 1997

with an eight hour standard. The eight hour standard is a three

year average of the fourth highest daily eight hour averages.

The level of the standard is 0.08 ppm which is not to be

exceeded.

In 2001 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA’s

previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and

further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone

pursuant to Section 109 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set

air quality standards at the level that is “requisite”-no higher

or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an

adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case

back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA’s

subsequent actions. On March 26, 2002, that court upheld U.S.

EPA’s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in

the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 14,

2001.

During 2006, more than 250 ambient air monitors were operated in

Ohio. Table 2 enumerates the number and type of criteria

pollutant monitors that were operated in the various Air Quality

Control Regions.

The goals of the ambient monitoring program are to determine

compliance with the ambient air quality standards, to provide

real-time monitoring of air pollution episodes, to provide data

for trend analyses, regulation evaluation and planning, and to

provide information to the public on a daily basis concerning

the quality of the air in high population areas, near major

emission sources and in rural areas.

# 4 C. Remote Ambient Data Systems

The Remote Ambient-Air Data System (RADS) is a system for the

automatic acquisition and transmission of data from a remote

monitor to a central computer. Each continuous monitoring site

operated by Ohio EPA's district offices is furnished with a data

logger that is polled automatically once a day by the central

computer in Columbus.

A major benefit of RADS is that the data can now be handled more

quickly with fewer chances of error. Formerly the data was

manually read from recorder strip charts, handwritten on a

computer input form, keyed into the computer and then made

available for retrieval. This process took three to four weeks.

The data in the RADS computer is available for review by the

district and central office staff on a daily basis. The

individual sites can also be contacted through the data logger

for instantaneous data and interrogated further by remote

testing of zero-span for any parameter. This is particularly

valuable when pollutant levels are, or may become, elevated, as

during an air stagnation episode.

RADS was installed during the fall of 1985 and went into

operation on January 1, 1986. Local air agencies have automated

their continuous monitors and Ohio EPA has expanded RADS to

include the automation of the local air agencies' network.

Industrial networks will also be added.

RADS has been upgraded for remote access to the data by digital

cellular wireless technology to telemeter data to the central

computer.

D. Data Availability on the Internet

For the past several years Ohio EPA has provided ozone and PM 2.5 

# data updates several times a day to the U.S. EPA for a public

outreach web site where current data and data forecasts are

displayed in the form of tables and maps. This web site can be

viewed at: www.epa.gov/airnow/where/ . From this site different

states can be chosen to view forecasts of ozone and PM 2.5 

# levels

and to link to animated ozone concentration maps.

Historical ambient air quality data can also be found at:

# 5 www.epa.gov/air/data/ . This site is a gateway to maps, reports

and user selected data that reside in the U.S. EPA’s Air Quality

System (AQS) database.

A third data source is at: www.epa.gov/airexplorer . This site,

still being developed, has interactive maps, graphs and data

tables. The data include all of the criteria pollutants as well

as PM 2.5 

# speciation parameters and Air Quality Index (AQI)

values.

E. Designation of Air Quality Control Regions

The fact that air pollution does not respect state boundaries

was recognized in early control efforts. To effectively deal

with pollution and attain the NAAQS, U.S. EPA, with advice from

local governments and the public, divided the nation into areas

called Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR's). Boundaries for

each region were set by consideration of air pollution levels,

population density, geography, and common meteorological

conditions. While AQCR's may consist of parts of more than one

state, each state has the authority to implement air quality

standards only in its portion of the region. Portions of Ohio

are included in a total of fourteen different AQCR's, each

labeled numerically and by geographical description. Figure 2

illustrates the boundaries of Ohio's AQCR 's.

# TABLE 1

U.S. EPA & OHIO EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE

CONCENTRATION

POLLUTANT DURATION RESTRICTION PRIMARY SECONDARY

PM 2.5 

# Annual arithmetic

mean

24-Hour

concentration Not to be exceeded

Three year average

Not to be exceeded

Three year average of 98 th 

# percentile 15 g/m 3



# 35 g/m 3 

# 15 g/m 3



# 35 g/m 3



# PM 10 

# 24-Hr concentration The Second high concentration not to

be exceeded more than once per year 150 g/m 3 

# 150 g/m 3



# SULFUR

DIOXIDE Annual Mean

24-Hr mean

concentration

3-Hr mean

concentration Not to be exceeded

Not to be exceeded more than once per

year

Not to be exceeded more than once per

year 0.03 ppm

(80 g/m 3 

# )

0.14 ppm

(365 g/m 3 

# )

0.5 ppm

(1300 g/m 3 

# )

CARBON

MONOXIDE 8-Hr mean

concentration

1-Hr concentration Not to be exceeded more than once per

year

Not to be exceeded more than once per

year 9 ppm

(10 mg/m 3 

# )

35 ppm

(40 mg/m 3 

# )

OZONE 8-Hr concentration

1-Hr concentration Each year’s fourth high averaged over

three years. Not to be exceeded

Not to be exceeded more than three

times in three years 0.08 ppm

0.12 ppm

(244 g/m 3 

# ) 0.08 ppm

0.12 ppm

(244 g/m 3 

# )

NITROGEN

DIOXIDE Annual mean Not to be exceeded 0.053 ppm

(100 g/m 3 

# )

LEAD 3-Month mean

concentration Not to be exceeded 1.5 g/m 3



# Notes:

Primary standards are established for the protection of public health

Secondary standards are established for the protection of public welfare

g/m 3 

# = micrograms per cubic meter

ppm = parts per million

mg/m 3 

# = milligrams per cubic meter



# 6

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# Seneca Sandusky Lucas

Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign Logan

Hardin Hancock

Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey Belmont Jefferson

Union Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble

Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia Brown Ashtabula

079 Cincinnati

103 Huntington

124 Toledo

173 Dayton

174 Cleveland

175 Mansfield

176 Columbus

177 Northwest Ohio

178 Northwest Pennsylvania

179 Parkersburg

180 Sandusky

181 Steubenville

182 Wilmington

183 Zanesville



# Figure 2

Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio 

# 177

173 124

079

103 182

176 175 180 174 178

183

181

179



# TABLE 2

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING SITES IN OHIO (2006)

Local Air

Agency/

PM 2.5 

# PM 10 

# Sulfur

Dioxide

SO 2 

# Ozone

O 3 

# Carbon

Monoxide

CO Nitrogen

Dioxide

NO 2 

# Lead Total District

Office

4 0 2 3 2 0 0 11 Akron

20 0 3 1 0 0 6 Canton

Cincinnati

11 5 3 7 1 1 1 29

(HC-DOES)

7 6 Cleveland 4 3 4 2 7 33

Lake Co.

Health

District 21 2 3 1 0 0 9

WarrenYoungstown

(M-TAPCA) 3 5 1 3 0 0 0 12

Toledo 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 10

Dayton

(RAPCA) 5 2 1 6 2 0 0 16

Portsmouth 2 3/3 3/2 2 0 0 0 10/5

CDO 3 3 1 8 2 0 1 18

NEDO 2 3 2 2 0 0 3 12

NWDO 0 0/8 1 2 0 0 1 4/8

SEDO 3 4 7 2 1 0 3 20

SWDO 0 0 0 1 0 0 1/3 2/3

Sites required by Ohio EPA: Government Operated/Industry Operated Totals 47 33/11 29/2 49 14 3 17/3 192/16



# 9

# 10 II. Summary of 2006 Air Quality Data

The following pages, in a series of maps and tables, summarize

the data presented in Section V of the report.

Figures 3-13 indicate the highest annual and second highest

concentrations for PM 10 

# , PM 2.5 

# , SO 2 

# , CO, and NO 2 

# , respectively, in

each county where data were collected. Sites not meeting

National Aerometric Data Bank (NADB) 1 

# requirements were marked

with asterisks.

Figure 14 indicates the second highest 1-Hour concentration of

ozone recorded in each county.

FIGURE 15 indicates the counties in which the highest reading

ozone monitor recorded a three year average of fourth highest

eight hour averages greater than the standard.

Figure 16 indicates the three year average of the 4 th 

# high 8-Hour

averages of ozone. The highest reading site was used.

Figure 17 indicates the highest three-month average

concentration of lead in each county where data were collected.

Table 3 gives a breakdown of air quality standard violations by

county.

A more detailed presentation of air quality data can be found in

Section V of the report.

1 

# The NADB averaging criteria for PM 10 

# and PM 2.5 

# monitors requires

that at least seventy-five percent of scheduled samples are

collected each quarter. Many intermittent monitors in Ohio run

on a six-day sampling schedule (one daily reading every six

days) yielding up to sixty-one samples per year. To meet NADB

averaging criteria for continuous (hourly) monitors, a monitor

must have valid data for at least seventy-five percent of each

calendar quarter, approximately 1655 hours. For a valid ozone

monitoring day (1-Hr standard), the monitor must collect at

least seventy-five percent of the hours between 9am and 9pm.

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

!LLEN

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 0-





# &IGURE

0-  

# (IGHEST!NNUAL-EAN#ONCENTRATION

INCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM  

# 

  

 









 









  

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

!LLEN

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 0-





# &IGURE

0-  

#  ND 

# (IGH
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM  

# 0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM 



# #OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREHASBEEN

ANEXCEEDANCEOFTHE.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE 

# 

 





 

  

    





 

 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 0-





# &IGURE

0-  

# (IGHEST!NNUAL#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM  

# 0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM 



# #OUNTIESINWHICHTHETHREEYEAR

AVERAGEOFANNUALAVERAGES

WASAVIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE 

# 

  

 

  





 



 





 

 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 0-





# &IGURE

0-  

#  TH 

# 0ERCENTILE
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM  

# 0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM 



# #OUNTIESINWHICHTHETHREEYEAR

AVERAGEOFTHPERCENTILEVALUES

HAVEEXCEEDEDTHE.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE 

# 

  



   



  









    



# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 0-





# &IGURE


!VERAGEOF!NNUAL!VERAGES

(IGHEST3ITEINTHE#OUNTYUSED 0-  

# ,EVELS

'REATERTHANUGM 



# 
UGM 



# LESSTHANUGM 



# 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/  

# (IGHEST!NNUAL!RITHMETIC-EAN#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE 

# 

  





 

   













  



# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/  

# ND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!IR1UALITY3TANDARD4ABLE 

# 

   







 





  



   





# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# 3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/  

# ND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 3ECONDARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHE3ECONDARY.ATIONAL

!IR1UALITY3TANDARD4ABLE 

# 

  





 

 



 





   

 



# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# #ARBON-ONOXIDE

&IGURE

#ARBON-ONOXIDE ND 

# (IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE 

#  















# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# #ARBON-ONOXIDE

&IGURE

#ARBON-ONOXIDE ND 

# (IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATON

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE 

# 



 











# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# .ITROGEN$IOXIDE

&IGURE

./  

# (IGHEST!NNUAL!RITHMETIC-EAN#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE 

# 





# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# /ZONE

&IGURE

/ZONEND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 



 

  





  









  

  

   















# 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene #LARK Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# /ZONE

&IGURE

/ZONE TH 

# (IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM 0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHETHREE

AVERAGEEXCEEDSTHE

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE 

# YEAR !SHTABULA



#   

  



 



 









 



 

 





  





 



# 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# /ZONE

&IGURE


!VERAGEOFTHE&OURTH(IGH
(OUR!VERAGES

USINGTHEHIGHESTREADINGSITEINEACHCOUNTY /ZONE,EVELS

PPMORGREATER


PPM

LESSTHANPPM !SHTABULA



# 

# Seneca Sandusky Lucas Fulton

Henry Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene Clark Champaign

Logan

Hardin Hancock Wood Ottawa

Erie

Huron Lorain

Medina Summit Portage Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas Wayne Ashland Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway Madison

Clinton Fayette

Ross Hocking Perry

Morgan

Vinton Athens Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence Pike Highland

Adams Brown Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia 

# ,EAD

&IGURE

,EAD(IGHEST1UARTERLY-EAN

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM  

# 0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM 



# #OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWAS

AVIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE 

# 









 



# 26 TABLE 3

VIOLATIONS OF AIR QUALITY STANDARDS BY COUNTY

2006

There were no violations of the PM 10 

# , NO 2 

# , SO 2 

# , Lead or CO

standards

---------------------------------------------------------------- _PM PM OZONE (8-Hour) 2.5 2.5 

# 2004-2006 2004-2006 (2004-2006)

Annual 24-Hour

----------------------------------------------------------------

Butler

Cuyahoga

Hamilton

Jefferson

Montgomery

Stark Butler

Cuyahoga

Franklin

Hamilton

Jefferson

Lucas

Mahoning

Montgomery

Stark

Summit

Trumbull Ashtabula

Lake

Warren

# 27 III. Air Quality Trends

Federal regulations promulgated in 1980 established a number of

urban sites in Ohio as part of a national network for

determining trends of the criteria pollutants. This network,

called National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), requires the

exclusion (for purposes of trend studies only) of those urban

sites not designated as NAMS. This requirement permits a more

accurate comparison of trends in different areas of the nation.

The NAMS group was easily integrated into Ohio's monitoring

system starting with the 1980 data.

SO 2 

# TRENDS

Data for SO 2 

# continuous instruments in urban areas which met the

NAMS siting requirements were used to generate an Ohio SO 2 

# trend

study for years 1997 through 2006. The resulting data, based on

annual average SO 2 

# concentrations, are plotted in Figure 18

. Percent improvement is calculated using values derived from the

method of "least squares".

Table 4

SO 2 

# TRENDS FOR 1997-2006

________________________________________________________________ SITE CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT

________________________________________________________________

Urban Area NAMS 23.6%GQHU7HGL[RL'UXIOX6VHWL6DHU$QDEU8UDH<

&RQFHQWUDWLRQSSPDWD'DWD'UDHQL/



# &IGURE

# 29 Ozone Trends

Assessing progress towards the attainment of the ozone air

quality standards is difficult because of the influence of

meteorology on ozone levels. Differences in weather conditions

can cause variations from year to year in both the NAAQS

exceedances and the second highest 1-Hour ozone levels.

High temperatures, brilliant sunshine and stagnant air

contribute to high levels of evaporation from fuel storage

tanks, fuel systems and auto refueling activities emitted by

millions of cars and trucks. Also daily emissions of nitrogen

oxides and hydrocarbons by millions of cars and trucks are a

major contributor to low level ozone pollution during these

atmospheric conditions. In the presence of sunlight,

hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides create high levels of groundlevel ozone.

One Hour Data:

Information is presented from eight metropolitan areas in Ohio

for the period of 1997 through 2006. Figure 19 is a bar chart

which shows, for each year, the second highest 1-Hour average.

In an area where ozone is monitored at several sites, the site

with the highest second high for each year was used which may be

a different site from year to year.

Eight Hour Standard:

Eight metropolitan areas are presented with the three year

average of the 4 th 

# highest 8-Hour daily ozone averages for the

years 1997 through 2006. The year listed is the last year of

the three year period. Figure 20 is a bar chart with those

concentrations. The ambient air quality standard is a three

year average of the fourth high 8-Hour averages, that

concentration must be less than or equal to 0.08 parts per

million (84 parts per billion) for an area to be in compliance

with the standard. The monitor with the highest 4 th 

# high in each

three year period was used, not necessarily the same monitor for

all years.

The three year averages for each site in Ohio are listed in the

ozone portion of Section V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2006.

# QG+LJKHVW+U2]RQH

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#  

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#          



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#  &IGURE

# 32 CO Trends

The data base for carbon monoxide (CO) is less extensive than

for sulfur dioxide or ozone. A comparative plot of changes in

CO in past years for ten major Ohio cities is presented. One

central-city monitor in each urban area was selected to yield

data for a study of 8-hour average CO concentrations. Data for

the years 1997-2006 are used in the graphs. See Figure 21 for

the results of this study.

# $NURQ

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# 37 IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM

A. GENERAL

In 1981, Ohio established a quality assurance program to detect,

evaluate and correct problems in acquiring valid data. This

program, which follows the requirements of Appendix A of 40 CFR

Part 58, stresses control and assessment of errors in the

monitoring process.

Control requirements are met by implementing quality control

policies, procedures, and corrective actions. Assessment

requirements are met by measuring, calculating and reporting the

accuracy and precision of the data.

Quality control starts with the instruments in the network and

the organizations which run them. A determination of the

precision and accuracy of the instruments is the means by which

this is done.

Precision and accuracy measurements are made on all NAMS and

SLAMS instruments operated by a local air agency (LAA) or

district office (DO). Individual precision and accuracy values

are then determined for each LAA or DO and for each pollutant

being monitored.

B. Discussion of Accuracy and Precision Procedures

Accuracy requirements for TSP, PM 10 

# and Lead samplers include

quarterly audits of the flow rate of 25% of the monitoring sites

against a known flow rate. Each sampler is audited at least

once per year. For SO 2 

# , NO 2 

# , O 3 

# , and CO, quarterly audits of at

least 25% of the analyzers are done. During the audits the

analyzers are tested with a gas in three specific concentration

ranges. Accuracy for PM 2.5 

# is determined by collocating samplers

at 25% of the sites each calendar quarter.

Precision requirements for TSP, PM 10 

# , PM 2.5 

# and Lead are met by

selecting two sites in an area of expected highest concentration

for side-by-side (collocation) sampling. The determination for

SO 2 

# , NO 2 

# , O 3 

# , and CO includes a one point precision check against

a gas of known concentration at least once every two weeks for

each automated analyzer. The analyzers are operated in the

normal sampling mode during this check.

A series of calculations is performed to determine the precision

and accuracy of each analyzer and reporting organization.

Precision values are calculated from the results of individual

precision checks, and accuracy estimates are calculated from the

results of individual audits. Both precision results and

# 38 accuracy results are reported at the end of the calendar

quarter.

The precision of the reporting organization is determined from

the average of the percentage differences between monitors, the

pooled standard deviation and the 95% probability limits. The

accuracy of the reporting organization is determined from the

average of percentage differences, the standard deviation and

the 95% probability limits.

C. The Statistics of Accuracy and Precision

Precision is a determination of the repeatability of a

measurement. For intermittent samplers this is measured with

replicate monitors. For continuous monitors it is measured by

challenging the monitor with a known concentration of gas. This

concentration is in the range of 0.08-0.10ppm for all monitored

pollutants except carbon monoxide (CO), which has a precision

concentration range of 8-10ppm. Precision is reported as a

percent error in the data reported from the monitor. The

precision is reported as a range with a lower (LO) and upper

(UP) probability limit. The probability limits have a 95%

confidence interval, i.e., the true value of the data will be in

the stated probability limit range 95% of the time.

Accuracy is the amount of variation that can be determined

between the normal operator with his monitor and an independent

auditor using completely independent instrumentation. Accuracy

for continuous monitors measured at three different levels or

concentration ranges:

Level 1 0.030 to 0.080ppm

Carbon Monoxide 3 to 8ppm

Level 2 0.150 to 0.200ppm

Carbon Monoxide 15 to 20ppm

Level 3 0.350 to 0.450ppm

Carbon Monoxide 35 to 45ppm

Accuracy is reported as a percent error in the data reported

from the monitor in each of the calibration ranges. The

probability limits have a 95% confidence interval. The

interpretation of the confidence intervals is the same as that

for precision as stated above.

Tables 5-10 give the probability limits for accuracy and

precision for each reporting organization in the state, for each

criteria pollutant being measured except lead.%,"!4EDIXOI$RUFLU3SUOUNITNO#ATA$YCARUCC!DNANOISICER0STIMI,ECNEDIFNO#YCARUCC!/$!!,O.PA-LEVE,LEVE,LEVE,NOISICER005/,05/,05/,05/,TCIRTSI$LARTNE#/$#TCIRTSI$TSAEHTRO./$%.TCIRTSI$TSEWHTRO./$7.TCIRTSI$TSAEHTUO3/$%3NORK!3%/$#(DNALEVEL#!#0!2YTNUO#EKA,HTUOMSTRO0ODELO4LLUBMUR4GNINOHA-EGAREV!OIH/DETAMITS%NISEICNEG!LORTNO#NOITULLO0RI!FOGNITSILOTSREFERO.PA-GI&



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# 

# V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2006

# Blank Page 46

# 47 Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

Total suspended particulate matter is defined as any liquid

(aerosol) or solid substance found in the atmosphere. Particles

larger than approximately 100 microns in diameter settle rapidly

due to gravity and are not considered suspended particulates.

Fly ash, process dusts, soot and oil aerosols are all common

forms of suspended particulate matter. The major sources of

particulate pollution are industrial processes, electric power

generation, industrial fuel combustion, and dust from plowed

fields, roadways, or construction sites. Particulate pollution

causes a wide range of damage to materials, as well as limiting

visibility and reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the

earth. Components of particulates may be harmful, such as

sulfates, nitrates and metals. The major adverse health effects

on humans are related to damage to the respiratory system

through interference with the lung's natural cleansing process.

Such adverse health effects are dependent, in a general sense,

upon (1) the concentration, size and chemical composition of the

particles of which the TSP consists and (2) the concentration

and composition of any pollutant gases in combination with it.

Particles greater than 10 microns in diameter can rarely

penetrate below the larynx and, therefore, are less likely to

damage the respiratory system. Particles less than 6 microns in

diameter can penetrate the bronchial passage and those of less

than 1 micron in diameter can usually penetrate and be deposited

in the capillaries and alveoli of the lungs. (I.M. Campbell,

Energy and the Atmosphere: A Physical Chemical Approach , John

Wiley & Sons, LTD., 1977).

An inhaled particle may exert a toxic effect in one or more of

the following four ways: (1) the particle may be intrinsically

toxic because of its inherent chemical or physical

characteristics; (2) the particle may interfere with one or more

of the mechanisms that normally clear the respiratory track; (3)

the particle may act as a carrier of an absorbed toxic

substance; or (4) the particle may act as a carrier of an

absorbent toxic substance.

It is difficult to obtain direct relationships between exposures

to various concentrations of TSP and resulting effects upon

human health because of the problems of isolating the effects of

TSP from those of other environmental pollutants and of

# 48 reproducing in the laboratory the exact conditions that prevail

in the ambient air. Also, it has been observed that exposure to

TSP in combination with other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide

(SO 2 

# ) produces more severe effects than does exposure to each

pollutant separately. Nevertheless, statistical analyses of

morbidity and mortality data do indicate a relationship between

increased TSP concentrations and increased numbers of hospital

and clinic admissions for upper respiratory infections, cardiac

diseases, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, emphysema and the like.

(Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control, Harper & Row, 1976.)

TSP ceased to be a criteria pollutant on August 1, 1987, having

been replaced by PM 10



# .

Since 1987 TSP sampling has been gradually replaced by ten

micron particulate sampling (PM 10 

# ). There were over 200 TSP

monitors in 1987. In 2006 there were 10 monitors reporting TSP

data, all are used for lead or other metals monitoring. In July

1997 the U.S. EPA promulgated regulations adding a National

Ambient Air Quality Standard for 2.5 micron particulate matter

(PM 2.5 

# ). The PM 2.5 

# monitors supplement and partially replace the

PM 10 

# network. They started collecting data in January 1999.

Sampling Method

TSP is measured by the high-volume air sampler method. This

instrument draws measured volumes of air through a pre-weighed

glass fiber or quartz filter for a specific time (normally 24

hours). Particulate matter in the air is trapped on the filter,

which is then re-weighed to determine the mass of the

particulates collected. Results are reported as micrograms of

particulate matter per cubic meter of air (g/m 3 

# ). Normal

sampling is done intermittently with 24-hour samples taken once

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# 

# 50Particulate Matter (<10, PM 10 

# )

On July 1, 1987, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the

National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter.

The primary standard includes only those particles with an

aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal 10

micrometers. This standard is referred to as the PM 10 

# standard

(particulate matter <10 micrometers). From July 1987 until July

18, 1997 the annual standard was 50 g/m 3 

# annual arithmetic mean

(average over three years' data). The 24-hour standard, not to

be exceeded more than once, was 150 g/m 3 

# . Now the standard is

that the 24-hour level of 150 g/m 3 

# is not to be exceeded as the

99 th 

# percentile value averaged over three years.

The annual standard was retained until the changes to the

particulate standards that became effective on December 18, 2006

when the 24-Hour standard was retained and the annual standard

was revoked.

The standards were changed in July 1997, when the PM 2.5 

# standard

was promulgated. Changing the standard from TSP to PM 10 

# and then

adding PM 2.5 

# was due to research findings concerning particle

size. Particulate matter can harm body tissue such as the

linings of the nose and throat and the lungs by simple

mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and sneezing are the body's

natural defenses against some of the relatively large particles

(15-100 microns). However, small particles can slip past these

defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs where they can damage

lung tissues.

Because of the final action to set the fine particulate

standards by U.S. EPA to replace TSP, the Ohio Air Monitoring

Network was expanded to include 21 PM 10 

# sites in 1986, to 45 in

1988 and to a high of 91 in 1997. During the year 2006 monitors

were operated at 44 sites.

Samples are taken each weekday at urban sites used in reporting

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# 

# 54Particulate Matter <2.5(PM 2.5 

# )

On July 18, 1997, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the

National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter.

The primary standard includes only those particles with an

aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal 2.5

micrometers. This new standard is referred to as the PM 2.5 

# standard (particulate matter <2.5 micrometers).

The annual standard is 15g/m 3 

# annual arithmetic mean (average

over three consecutive years' data). The 24-hour standard is

met when the 98 th 

# percentile concentration averaged over three

consecutive years, is less than or equal to 35g/m 3



# .

The 24-Hour standard was changed from 65g/m 3 

# to 35g/m 3



# effective in December 2006.

This revision to the particulate matter program is due to

research findings concerning particle size. Particulate matter

can harm body tissue such as the linings of the nose and throat

and the lungs by simple mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and

sneezing are the body's natural defenses against some of the

relatively large particles (15-100 microns). However, small

particles can slip past these defenses and penetrate deep into

the lungs where they can damage lung tissues.

Because of the final action to set the fine particulate

standards by U.S. EPA to supplement PM 2.5 

# , the Ohio Air

Monitoring Network was expanded to include 49 PM 2.5 

# sites in

2006. Those 49 sites have a total of 86 monitors reporting

data. There are 13 continuous monitors and 14 speciation

monitors in addition to the 47 Federal Reference monitors.

The Federal Reference Monitors are used to determine compliance

with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the speciation

monitors are used for analysis to determine the composition of

the particulate and the continuous monitors are primarily used

for the Air Quality Index and for “real time” reporting of

particulate data to the public.

Since the continuous and speciation analysis monitors are not

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# 

# 62 Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

# )

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas formed through the combination

of sulfur and oxygen during combustion. The major sources of SO 2 

# are the burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels (mainly coal),

with lesser amounts caused by industrial processes such as

smelting. Over 40% of the SO 2 

# found in the ambient air is the

result of human activities.

The control of SO 2 

# emissions from these sources is accomplished

primarily by burning coal or oil with a relatively low sulfur

content. Newer boilers may be equipped with flue gas

desulfurization (FGD) systems that use a caustic solution to

scrub SO 2 

# from the exhaust gas stream.

Sulfur dioxide is harmful because it can be converted to

sulfuric acid (H 2 

# SO 4 

# ) when it comes in contact with moisture,

either in the atmosphere, on plants, materials, or in the lungs.

The presence of increased levels of SO 2 

# in the atmosphere has

been associated with a higher incidence of respiratory diseases,

higher death rates, and property damage.

Sampling Methods

Sulfur dioxide is measured continuously by instruments using

flame photometric detectors or pulsed fluorescent techniques.

Flame photometric analyzers draw ambient air through selective

scrubbers that remove all sulfur compounds except SO 2 

# . The

sample is then burned in a hydrogen flame, and a photodetector

senses the number of sulfur atoms present.

Fluorescent analyzers irradiate an ambient air sample with

ultraviolet light. Sulfur dioxide gas molecules absorb a

portion of this energy, then re-emit the energy at a

characteristic wavelength of light. This light energy emitted

by SO 2 

# molecules is sensed by a photomultiplier tube and

converted to an electronic signal proportional to the

concentration of SO 2 

# present.

All concentrations for SO 2 

# are given in parts per million (ppm).

Reports for 1995 and earlier used the units 'micrograms per

cubic meter’ (g/m 3 

# ) to report data. The primary units to report

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# 

# 65 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 

# )

Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas formed in high temperature

combustion processes, when nitrogen in the air is oxidized to

nitric oxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 

# ). The major sources

of NO 2 

# are high temperature fuel combustion, motor vehicles, and

certain chemical processes.

Nitrogen dioxide has been associated with a variety of

respiratory diseases through its ability to reduce cell immunity

or resistance to bacteria and viruses. Nitrogen dioxide is also

harmful due to its involvement in the production of

photochemical oxidants such as ozone (O 3 

# ).

Sampling Methods

Continuous monitoring of nitrogen dioxide is based on a

chemiluminescent reaction between NO and O 3 

# . When these two

gases react, light energy at a specific wavelength is produced.

In the monitor, ambient air is drawn along two paths. In the

first path, the air is reacted directly with ozone, and the

light energy produced is proportional to the amount of nitric

oxide in the air. In the second path, the air is reacted with

ozone after it passes through a catalytic reduction surface.

The reduction surface converts NO 2 

# to NO and the light energy

produced is a measure of the total oxides of nitrogen in the air

sample. The electronic difference of these two signals yields

the concentration of nitrogen dioxide.

All concentrations for NO 2 

# are given in parts per million (ppm).5.)4%$34!4%3%.6)2/.-%.4!,02/4%#4)/.!'%.#9!)215!,)493934%-15)#+,//+2%0/24!-0.ITROGENDIOXIDE/HIO 0ARTSPERMILLION3)4%)$0/#01!/#)49 #/5.49 !$$2%33 9%!2 -%4(/"334-!8
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# 

# 67 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, is the most

abundant and widely distributed pollutant found in the lower

atmosphere. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of

carbon containing fuels, primarily in the internal combustion

engine. About 95 to 98% of urban carbon monoxide comes from

manmade sources, with transportation vehicles ranking as the

largest source.

The main effect of CO on human health involves its tendency to

reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by binding

chemically to hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen to

the cells. This may lead to short-term impairment of mental

processes. Exposure to concentrations as low as 10-15 ppm for

several hours has affected time interval discrimination in test

subjects, while exposures of 31 ppm under similar conditions

have temporarily altered the function of the brain.

Sampling Method

Carbon monoxide is monitored continuously by analyzers that

operate on the infrared absorption principle. Ambient air is

drawn into a sample chamber and a beam of infrared light is

passed through it. CO absorbs infrared radiation, and any

decrease in the intensity of the beam is due to the presence of

CO molecules. This decrease is directly related to the

concentration of CO in the ambient air. A special detector

measures the difference in the radiation between this beam and a

duplicate beam passing through a reference chamber with no CO

present. This difference in intensity is electronically

translated into a reading of the CO present in the ambient air,

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# 

# 69 Ozone (O 3 

# )

Ozone differs from other pollutants in that it is not directly

emitted into the atmosphere from sources. Rather, it is created

photochemically in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of

volatile organic compounds and oxides of nitrogen in the

presence of sunlight. For this reason, it is referred to as a

secondary pollutant. Ozone is the predominant oxidant component

of photochemical smog.

In urban areas, emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile

organic compounds lead to the formation of ozone and other

photochemical oxidants in the lower atmosphere. Nitrogen

oxides, important in triggering the sequence of photochemical

reactions, are emitted primarily from combustion sources such as

the internal combustion engine, electric power generation units,

and gas and oil-fired space heaters. Volatile organic

compounds, important in sustaining the reactions, are emitted in

the exhausts of gasoline, diesel and jet engines, through the

evaporation of gasoline and solvents such as dry-cleaning

fluids, and from industrial and non-industrial surface coating

operations such as paint booths, from open burning, and other

combustion sources.

Although ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, where it

screens out ultraviolet rays from the sun, it is harmful in the

lower atmosphere. Due to the role of temperature and sunlight

in its formation, the largest concentrations occur during the

summer months. Ozone irritates mucous membranes of the nose and

throat, causes eye irritation, reduces resistance to respiratory

infections, damages plants and contributes to the deterioration

of materials. Individuals with asthma or disease of the heart

or circulatory system experience symptoms when concentrations

are above the air quality standards.

The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone was changed

on July 18, 1997. The standard was a one hour average of 0.12

ppm (see Table 1) with the number of exceedances of that

standard totaled. More than three exceedances at a single site

in a three year period was a violation of the standard. The one

hour standard was revoked in 2006.

The current standard is a three year average of the fourth

highest eight hour averages at each monitoring site. If that

# 70 three year average is greater than 0.08 ppm (85 ppb or greater)

a violation of the standard has occurred. The first three year

period to be covered by the new standard was 1997 through 1999.

In 2001 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA’s

previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and

further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone

pursuant to Section 109 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set

air quality standards at the level that is “requisite”-no higher

or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an

adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case

back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA’s

subsequent actions. On March 26, 2002, that court upheld U.S.

EPA’s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in

the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 14,

2001.

This report contains a printout of the one hour data and eight

hour average data, as in previous reports, and printouts of the

three year average of the fourth high eight hour averages

calculated for each site in Ohio for the years 2004 through 2006

and the four highest eight hour averages during 2006. A three

year average was not calculated if one or more years had

insufficient data.

Sampling Methods

Ozone is monitored continuously using analyzers that operate on

ultraviolet absorption techniques.

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light. Analyzers designed to measure

ozone by ultraviolet photometry use this property. An air

sample is drawn into the analyzer and irradiated with an

ultraviolet light of 253.7 nanometers wavelength. The amount of

light absorbed is related to the amount of ozone present. This

is the type of monitor used by Ohio EPA and our Local Air

Agencies.

All concentrations for ozone are given in parts per million

(ppm).

# 71 On the following pages are tables of ozone sites with the:

Highest through fourth highest 1-Hour ozone values

Highest through fourth highest 8-Hour ozone values

Three year average of fourth highest 8-Hour ozone

values (see NAAQS TABLE 1)

First day in each year from 1992 that recorded an

exceedance of the 1-Hour or 8-Hour standard with the

number of sites and the total number of exceedances

Last day in the year upon which an exceedance of the

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# 

# 80 Count of Ozone Exceedances in Each Year

And the Date Upon Which the First Occurred

Year 1-Hr Data 8-Hr Data

Date Exceedances/Sites Date Exceedances/Sites

1992 30 June 4/43 11 May 115/43

1993 17 June 9/44 1 May 220/44

1994 16 June 13/45 22 May 272/45

1995 19 June 15/45 6 June 381/45

1996 28 June 5/45 1 June 331/45

1997 24 June 5/50 24 May 222/50

1998 13 May 15/49 13 May 478/49

1999 30 May 14/50 4 May 461/50

2000 9 June 1/48 31 May 135/48

2001 14 June 2/50 3 May 250/50

2002 20 June 22/50 8 June 801/50

2003 23 June 22/50 16 April 204/50

2004 None 0/50 12 May 25/50

2005 8 June 5/49 19 April 192/49

2006 None 0/49 29 May 39/49

# 81 Last Ozone Exceedance Dates

1982-2006

One Hour Standard

Year Date Sites Maximum Value

1982 9/12 1 125 ppb

1983 9/09 1 170

1984 9/21 1 135

1985 9/22 1 127

1986 9/14 1 127

1987 9/29 1 125

1988 8/18 3 159

1989 8/14 1 129

1990 8/27 2 155

1991 8/29 1 125

1992 7/09 1 218

1993 8/27 1 137

1994 8/25 1 153

1995 8/26 1 125

1996 8/04 1 131

1997 8/01 1 125

1998 9/14 2 139

1999 7/30 1 130

2000 6/09 1 126

2001 8/06 1 125

2002 9/07 1 127

2003 6/25 4 136

2004 none 0 107

2005 8/02 1 161

2006 none 0 112

# 82 Last Ozone Exceedance Dates

1982-2006

Eight Hour Standard

Year Date Sites Maximum Value

1982 10/05 2 87 ppb

1983 10/03 1 88

1984 9/22 5 92

1985 9/22 2 108

1986 9/14 1 87

1987 9/29 1 87

1988 8/18 8 127

1989 9/13 1 93

1990 9/07 1 87

1991 9/08 5 91

1992 9/17 2 89

1993 8/30 8 100

1994 9/14 2 88

1995 9/06 1 86

1996 9/02 2 89

1997 9/02 3 92

1998 9/26 1 89

1999 9/26 17 97

2000 8/15 3 92

2001 9/13 1 85

2002 9/13 1 87

2003 8/26 5 96

2004 9/23 2 90

2005 9/13 2 97

2006 8/25 2 92

# 83 Lead

Airborne lead in urban areas was once primarily caused by

vehicles using leaded fuels. Sources of airborne lead now

include lead smelting facilities, lead-acid storage battery

manufacturing plants and other manufacturing operations.

In the period 1978-1991 lead concentrations at traffic oriented

sites dropped by over 90%, reflecting the removal of lead from

gasoline. In March of 1999 the U.S. EPA promulgated new rules

for lead monitoring that eliminated the requirement for traffic

oriented sites and emphasizes monitoring at industrial sources.

We discontinued monitoring at traffic oriented sites after the

first calendar quarter of 1999.

Lead is a stable compound that can accumulate in the human body.

Its health related effects include interference with the blood

forming process and the normal functions of nervous and renal

systems. Young children are the age group most susceptible to

the adverse effects of lead.

Sampling Method

Lead concentrations in ambient air are determined by the

reference method promulgated by US EPA. The lead sample is

collected on a filter using a high-volume air sampler and the

TSP method. In this method, two 3⁄4"×8" portions of the TSP

filter are washed with hot, dilute nitric acid. The lead

compounds are dissolved into the acid solution. The solution is

then analyzed by the atomic absorption technique to determine

the amount of lead.

Normally a month's collection of filters is analyzed as a

composite sample. Most sites collect so little lead that

individual sampling days would have lead levels below the

detection limit of available methods.

Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter of air

(g/m 3 

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# 

# Blank Page 86

# VI. Air Toxics Monitoring 2006

# Blank Page 88

# 89 AIR TOXICS MONITORING

INTRODUCTION

Over the last several years, Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control

(DAPC) has made a substantial effort to develop and implement a State-wide

Air Toxics Monitoring Program (ATMP). These efforts were modeled after

programs and methodologies recommended by U.S. EPA. The emphasis has been on

urban toxics monitoring for volatile organic compounds and heavy metals.

Brief sections describing the sampling and analytical procedures for the

pollutants follow the introduction.

1.) Main focus of the ATMP is on urban monitoring, looking for major risk

areas where people live. In this effort sampling has concentrated on groups

of compounds.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), examples:

benzene, chloroform, styrene, toluene etc.

Heavy metals, examples:

arsenic, cadmium, manganese

The majority of the sampling has been conducted at semi-permanent monitoring

sites where monitoring extends beyond a 4 month period. Projects at these

types of sites have been dedicated to VOCs and heavy metals. See the list

following the description of the volatile organic analysis method for the VOC

target compounds. The list of target metals is included in the metals

description section.

Semi-permanent monitoring projects have been conducted in:

Cleveland - VOC - Urban, Metals - Urban

Cincinnati - VOC - Urban,

Middletown - VOC - Source, Metals - Source

New Boston - VOC-Source, Metals - Urban

Columbus - Metals - Urban, VOC - Urban

Marietta - VOC - Urban, Metals - Source

Delta - Metals - Source

East Liverpool - Metals - Source

Steubenville - VOC - Urban

Marion - Metals - Urban

Bellefontaine - Metals - Urban

Elmore - Metals - Urban

2.) Throughout 2006 DAPC has worked to expand sampling at semi-permanent

sites with an emphasis on smaller urban areas. Future sampling projects will

involve additional sampling locations or reallocation of current resources to

other locations. Expanded air toxics sampling will involve adding other

parameters to existing sites. DAPC air toxics sampling efforts will also

include more efficient use of short term sampling.

# 90 In the past sampling efforts have included:

Cross Media pollution monitoring Urban air toxics

Great Lakes deposition monitoring Source monitoring

Emissions verification Complaint investigation

Emergency Episode Monitoring Post Remediation Monitoring

During 2006 DAPC was involved in several minor monitoring projects throughout

the state, however due to the emphasis on the expansion of the semi-permanent

effort these short term and grab sampling projects were limited in scope and

are not included in the data summaries for this year.

The sampling and analytical methods for VOCs and heavy metals are described

below.

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

SAMPLING

A major component of the Air Toxics Monitoring Program is ambient sampling

for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are compounds that are

generally found in the vapor state. Some organic compounds can be

chlorinated, (contain chlorine) or just hydrocarbons, (contain just hydrogen

and carbon atoms). Most of the VOC samples were collected using a whole air

sampling system that pumped ambient air into a stainless steel canister. The

canister, which is evacuated prior to use, is a storage container which

allows an air sample to be maintained virtually unchanged until it is

analyzed. In addition to the pumped sampling method, a number of samples

were collected using the vacuum of the canister to draw in an air sample.

These, vacuum-filled “grab” samples usually take only a few minutes to

collect and were useful for collecting transient odors or potentially high

concentration samples. DAPC is now capable of collecting specific samples

for 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours using this grab sampling method.

Initially samples were collected sporadically, however as semi-permanent

sites were established the sampling program has become more routine. With

that, an attempt has been made to collect samples at least twice a month,

with a sampling frequency consistent with the national air toxics monitoring

schedule of once every 12 th 

# day, over a 24 hour period. The specific

procedures for this type of sampling can be found in the U.S. EPA Compendium

of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compound in Ambient Air in

the section TO-14

ANALYSIS

The volatile tendency of VOCs allows them to be vaporized when heated, (if

not already in that form) and to be injected into an analytical device called

a gas chromatograph (GC). As a sample passes through a GC column, the

various compounds separate out of the sample mixture. As the individual

compounds exit the column, a detector records a response. That response is

illustrated on a chromatogram as a peak. The area of each peak indicates the

concentration of the compound. Compound identification is accomplished by

comparing the retention time of the peaks on a chromatogram with those from a

chromatogram of a known mixture of compounds. Retention time is the time it

takes for a particular compound to reach the detector. As long as the

analytical conditions remain the same, a compound from one analysis to the

# 91 next will have the same retention time.

The typical analytical system used for this study utilized a GC with a

special detector called a mass spectrometer (MS). The combination, a GC/MS,

can be used to analyze a sample by separating it into its individual

components which are then broken down into mass fragments which form a

fingerprint by which a compound can be identified.

All of DAPC air toxics sampling canister analyses were conducted at the Ohio

EPA Division of Environmental Services (DES). The analytical procedures

performed by the laboratory targeted an expanded list of 71 VOCs for

identification and quantifying. The following list includes the current 71

parameters of the analytical target compounds list.

# 92 

# Table 11.

DES VOC Target Compound List for TO-14A

Analysis

1 acetone 37 trans-1,3-dichloropropene

2 acetonitrile 38 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

3 acrylonitrile 39 n-dodecane

4 benzene 40 ethylbenzene

5 benzyl chloride 41 4-ethyltoluene

6 bromodichloromethane 42 n-heptane

7 bromoform 43 hexachlorobutadiene

8 bromomethane 44 hexane

9 1,3-butadiene 45 methyl-butyl ether

10 n-butane 46 methylene chloride

11 2-butanone 47 4-methyl-2-pentanone

12 carbon disulfide 48 a-methylstyrene

13 carbon tetrachloride 49 napthalene

14 chlorobenzene 50 n-nonane

15 chlorodifluoromethane 51 n-octane

16 chloroethane 52 n-pentane

17 chloroform 53 propylene

18 chloromethane 54 n-propyl benzene

19 3-chloropropene 55 styrene

20 cumene 56 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane

21 cyclohexane 57 tetrachloroethylene

22 decane 58 toluene

23 dibromochloromethane 59 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

24 1,2-dibromoethane 60 1,1,1-trichloroethane

25 dibromomethane 61 1,1,2-trichloroethane

26 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ortho) 62 trichloroethene

27 1,3-dichlorobenzene (meta) 63 trichlorofluoromethane

28 1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 64 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

29 dichlorodifluoromethane 65 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

30 1,1-dichloroethane 66 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

31 1,2-dichloroethane 67 n-undecane

32 1,1-dichloroethene 68 vinyl acetate

33 cis-1,2-dichloroethene 69 vinyl chloride

34 trans-1,2-dichloroethene 70 o-xylene

35 1,2-dichloropropane 71 total m+p-xylene

36 cis-1,3-dichloropropene

# 93 Beyond this list of compounds, additional compounds can be detected and

tentatively identified during the analysis of VOC samples. If during the

analysis, an unidentified compound of significant quantity, (greater than 0.2

ppb) exist in a sample it can be identified during the MS analysis. However,

due to the uncertainty involved with the identification of these compounds

and the vast number of these non-target compounds detected they are not

included in this report.

As new technologies, techniques are developed and methods improved, it is

expected that the target compounds list will be periodically modified. It is

also expected that the list will change as the U.S. EPA emphasis on air

toxics compounds changes. The following tables summarize the data from the

canister samples collected during 2006. Throughout 2006 over 200, 24-hour

samples were collected. During 2006 there were 7 permanent VOC monitoring

sites operating.

SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE

39-017-0003 

# Middletown Butler Verity school 1900 St. John’s

Rd A

Cincinnati Hamilton 10100 Reading Rd. B

39-035-0038 

# Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikon Ave C

39-035-0068 

# Cleveland Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway Ave D

39-035-0069 

# Cleveland Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave E

39-035-0071 

# Cleveland Cuyahoga 2900 Community College Ave F

39-049-0034 

# Columbus Franklin Korbel Ave G

39-081-0017 

# Steubenville Jefferson 618 Logan St H

39-167-0008 

# Marietta Washington Washington County Career

Center I

# 94 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN 2006

Summary Data of 219 Canister Samples Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 55.00 7.48 1.00 219

acetonitrile 2.60 0.54 0.20 147

acrylonitrile 4.10 1.11 0.20 60

benzene 7.90 0.76 0.10 216

1,3-butadiene 0.69 0.21 0.10 29

n-butane 15.00 1.89 0.14 215

2-butanone 28.00 1.34 0.50 147

carbon disulfide 2.30 0.95 0.50 35

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.10 108

chlorobenzene 0.54 0.24 0.10 14

chlorodifluoromethane 13.00 0.63 0.16 178

chloroform 0.46 0.23 0.10 4

chloromethane 4.00 0.59 0.23 217

cyclohexane 0.26 0.16 0.11 16

decane 4.00 0.46 0.10 44

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 1.20 0.30 0.10 33

dichlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.55 0.28 219

n-dodecane 0.26 0.26 0.26 1

ethylbenzene 0.69 0.21 0.10 60

4-ethyltoluene 0.46 0.20 0.10 8

n-heptane 4.10 0.25 0.10 75

hexane 4.60 0.49 0.20 103

methylene chloride 7.30 0.45 0.10 83

4-methyl-2-pentanone 1.20 0.32 0.10 30

a-methylstyrene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1

naphthalene 8.10 0.72 0.10 51

n-nonane 3.80 0.61 0.10 19

n-octane 0.29 0.16 0.10 21

n-pentane 10.00 0.83 0.10 216

propylene 5.50 1.25 0.31 218

n-propyl benzene 0.31 0.16 0.11 6

styrene 0.29 0.18 0.10 7

tetrachloroethylene 0.19 0.14 0.11 9

toluene 7.50 0.79 0.10 206

1,1,1-trichloroethane 21.00 7.11 0.10 45

trichloroethene 0.15 0.13 0.10 11

trichlorofluoromethane 14.00 0.54 0.19 217

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.48 0.13 0.10 37

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 2.00 0.30 0.10 104

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.67 0.20 0.10 15

n-undecane 1.60 0.41 0.10 19

vinyl acetate 2.40 0.71 0.21 96

o-xylene 0.88 0.22 0.10 72

total m+p-xylene 3.40 0.64 0.20 90

# 95 

# Table A.

Butler County (AQS - 39-017-0003)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Frequency

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 18.00 6.00 2.30 30

acetonitrile 0.89 0.46 0.22 21

acrylonitrile 0.45 0.38 0.29 4

benzene 0.75 0.33 0.10 30

1,3-butadiene 0.25 0.23 0.21 2

n-butane 4.00 1.21 0.29 30

2-butanone 2.40 0.99 0.52 20

carbon disulfide 1.90 1.30 0.70 2

carbon tetrachloride 0.13 0.11 0.10 17

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.44 0.19 26

chloroform 0.24 0.24 0.24 1

chloromethane 0.81 0.55 0.39 29

cyclohexane

decane 0.13 0.13 0.13 1

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.18 0.15 0.12 3

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.71 0.55 0.42 30

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.12 0.12 0.11 4

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.14 0.12 0.11 3

hexane 0.42 0.27 0.20 7

methylene chloride 0.18 0.13 0.10 7

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.11 0.11 0.11 1

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.29 0.18 0.11 4

n-nonane

n-octane

n-pentane 1.40 0.44 0.14 29

propylene 2.20 0.94 0.31 30

n-propyl benzene

styrene

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 1.00 0.37 0.11 28

1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.45 0.20 0.10 17

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 3.70 0.47 0.21 30

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.13 0.12 4

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.30 0.15 0.10 10

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

n-undecane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

vinyl acetate 2.20 0.72 0.25 18

o-xylene 0.17 0.14 0.10 5

total m+p-xylene 0.50 0.34 0.21 8

# 96 

# Table B.

Hamilton County

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 33.00 9.23 3.70 28

acetonitrile 2.60 0.70 0.21 22

acrylonitrile 0.35 0.28 0.20 2

benzene 7.60 1.95 0.19 28

1,3-butadiene 0.25 0.22 0.18 2

n-butane 4.60 1.22 0.37 27

2-butanone 3.50 1.19 0.50 26

carbon disulfide

carbon tetrachloride 0.15 0.12 0.10 13

chlorobenzene 0.54 0.25 0.10 11

chlorodifluoromethane 1.50 0.69 0.30 15

chloroform 0.11 0.11 0.11 1

chloromethane 4.00 0.81 0.40 28

cyclohexane 0.18 0.18 0.18 1

decane 4.00 0.80 0.10 17

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.36 0.16 0.10 9

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.75 0.55 0.40 28

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.13 0.12 0.11 3

4-ethyltoluene 0.46 0.24 0.16 5

n-heptane 0.18 0.13 0.10 5

hexane 1.40 0.62 0.26 5

methylene chloride 0.26 0.15 0.10 13

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.12 0.10 3

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.14 0.14 0.13 3

n-nonane 3.80 0.95 0.13 11

n-octane 0.29 0.18 0.12 6

n-pentane 3.10 0.55 0.15 28

propylene 2.20 1.01 0.40 28

n-propyl benzene 0.31 0.16 0.11 5

styrene 0.29 0.22 0.14 2

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 1.60 0.45 0.10 27

1,1,1-trichloroethane 21.00 11.30 3.50 28

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 3.80 0.49 0.22 28

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.14 0.12 0.11 6

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 2.00 0.51 0.10 19

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.67 0.32 0.13 6

n-undecane 1.60 0.66 0.11 7

vinyl acetate 2.40 0.96 0.31 14

o-xylene 0.25 0.19 0.13 6

total m+p-xylene 0.57 0.38 0.20 9

# 97 

# Table C.

Cuyahoga County 1 (AQS - 39-035-0038)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 48.00 8.43 1.70 12

acetonitrile 1.20 0.46 0.24 5

acrylonitrile 0.28 0.24 0.21 4

benzene 1.20 0.38 0.12 12

1,3-butadiene

n-butane 4.20 1.92 0.49 12

2-butanone 2.60 1.13 0.66 5

carbon disulfide

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.10 8

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 0.94 0.41 0.17 10

chloroform

chloromethane 1.30 0.66 0.45 12

cyclohexane

decane 1.10 1.10 1.10 1

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.51 0.51 0.51 1

n-dodecane 0.26 0.26 0.26 1

ethylbenzene 0.18 0.17 0.16 3

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 4.10 0.98 0.12 5

hexane 0.85 0.38 0.20 8

methylene chloride 1.20 0.52 0.15 6

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.13 0.13 1

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.21 0.16 0.10 2

n-nonane 0.35 0.35 0.35 1

n-octane

n-pentane 2.60 0.91 0.25 11

propylene 2.10 0.99 0.37 12

n-propyl benzene

styrene

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 4.00 1.12 0.22 12

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 14.00 1.46 0.20 12

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.12 0.12 0.12 2

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.47 0.22 0.11 6

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1

n-undecane 1.40 1.40 1.40 1

vinyl acetate 0.93 0.57 0.23 5

o-xylene 0.28 0.19 0.12 4

total m+p-xylene 0.75 0.52 0.30 5

# 98 

# Table D.

Cuyahoga County 2 (AQS – 39-035-0068)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 20.00 6.38 1.80 25

acetonitrile 1.40 0.56 0.21 19

acrylonitrile 0.57 0.57 0.57 1

benzene 2.20 0.52 0.16 25

1,3-butadiene 0.45 0.20 0.11 5

n-butane 4.90 1.98 0.65 25

2-butanone 4.40 1.02 0.50 18

carbon disulfide 0.57 0.57 0.57 1

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 15

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 1.50 0.48 0.22 22

chloroform

chloromethane 0.97 0.57 0.39 25

cyclohexane 0.13 0.13 0.12 2

decane 0.21 0.16 0.12 8

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.12 0.12 0.11 2

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.88 0.58 0.37 25

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.39 0.21 0.10 10

4-ethyltoluene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

n-heptane 0.58 0.22 0.10 13

hexane 1.20 0.39 0.20 19

methylene chloride 4.90 0.81 0.15 20

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.11 0.11 0.10 2

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.30 0.19 0.10 5

n-nonane 0.12 0.11 0.10 4

n-octane 0.27 0.18 0.11 6

n-pentane 4.00 0.93 0.32 25

propylene 3.90 1.52 0.52 25

n-propyl benzene

styrene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

tetrachloroethylene 0.19 0.14 0.11 4

toluene 4.00 1.04 0.17 24

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

trichlorofluoromethane 1.50 0.39 0.22 25

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.10 4

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.60 0.23 0.11 17

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.11 0.11 0.10 2

n-undecane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

vinyl acetate 2.10 0.79 0.23 6

o-xylene 0.40 0.19 0.10 13

total m+p-xylene 1.50 0.59 0.22 15

# 99 

# Table E.

Cuyahoga County 3 (AQS - 39-035-0069)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 23.00 5.59 1.80 26

acetonitrile 0.88 0.44 0.20 15

acrylonitrile

benzene 2.00 0.51 0.15 26

1,3-butadiene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

n-butane 15.00 2.81 0.14 26

2-butanone 2.20 0.99 0.51 13

carbon disulfide 0.65 0.65 0.65 1

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.12 0.10 13

chlorobenzene 0.24 0.24 0.24 1

chlorodifluoromethane 1.20 0.43 0.19 23

chloroform 0.46 0.46 0.46 1

chloromethane 0.97 0.55 0.36 26

cyclohexane 0.26 0.17 0.11 4

decane 0.44 0.23 0.10 4

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.15 0.14 0.13 3

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.73 0.55 0.37 26

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.36 0.20 0.10 8

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.45 0.20 0.11 12

hexane 4.60 0.72 0.21 18

methylene chloride 7.30 0.95 0.10 10

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.21 0.17 0.10 3

n-nonane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

n-octane 0.16 0.15 0.13 2

n-pentane 10.00 1.38 0.23 26

propylene 3.10 1.26 0.32 26

n-propyl benzene

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.18 0.15 0.11 2

toluene 3.80 0.95 0.15 26

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene 0.14 0.12 0.10 4

trichlorofluoromethane 0.60 0.30 0.20 26

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.13 0.12 2

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.57 0.25 0.11 13

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

n-undecane 0.26 0.19 0.12 2

vinyl acetate 0.86 0.66 0.38 3

o-xylene 0.44 0.21 0.11 10

total m+p-xylene 2.40 0.65 0.21 15

# 100 

# Table F.

Cuyahoga County 4 (AQS - 39-035-0071)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 55.00 13.58 2.40 14

acetonitrile 0.56 0.45 0.26 10

acrylonitrile

benzene 1.80 0.57 0.13 14

1,3-butadiene 0.28 0.19 0.11 5

n-butane 6.00 3.20 0.66 13

2-butanone 28.00 4.35 0.62 11

carbon disulfide

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.12 0.11 10

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 1.20 0.65 0.42 13

chloroform

chloromethane 0.94 0.68 0.47 14

cyclohexane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

decane 0.61 0.31 0.21 7

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.97 0.47 0.11 11

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.74 0.61 0.48 14

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.27 0.18 0.11 7

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.45 0.25 0.14 8

hexane 1.20 0.52 0.21 10

methylene chloride 0.55 0.28 0.10 10

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.91 0.44 0.16 6

a-methylstyrene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1

naphthalene 0.29 0.19 0.12 3

n-nonane 0.18 0.15 0.12 2

n-octane 0.23 0.15 0.11 3

n-pentane 5.90 1.71 0.47 14

propylene 2.30 1.36 0.60 14

n-propyl benzene

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.13 0.13 0.12 2

toluene 3.80 1.30 0.23 14

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene 0.15 0.14 0.13 6

trichlorofluoromethane 0.62 0.35 0.21 14

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.48 0.19 0.10 5

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.48 0.29 0.15 8

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

n-undecane 0.40 0.18 0.12 6

vinyl acetate 0.56 0.35 0.25 5

o-xylene 0.30 0.19 0.10 7

total m+p-xylene 0.95 0.58 0.30 8

# 101 

# Table G.

Franklin County (AQS - 39-049-0034)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 37.00 9.34 2.40 31

acetonitrile 0.84 0.48 0.23 15

acrylonitrile 1.20 0.63 0.28 5

benzene 1.30 0.35 0.11 30

1,3-butadiene 0.69 0.28 0.13 5

n-butane 4.40 1.41 0.37 30

2-butanone 3.80 1.47 0.55 21

carbon disulfide

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 14

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 0.99 0.39 0.20 25

chloroform

chloromethane 0.89 0.51 0.24 31

cyclohexane 0.17 0.17 0.17 1

decane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.33 0.24 0.15 2

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.75 0.51 0.28 31

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.26 0.18 0.10 9

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.22 0.14 0.10 8

hexane 0.76 0.35 0.20 13

methylene chloride 0.34 0.15 0.11 10

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.11 0.10 3

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.16 0.12 0.10 3

n-nonane

n-octane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

n-pentane 2.90 0.64 0.14 30

propylene 5.40 1.31 0.41 30

n-propyl benzene

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1

toluene 3.20 0.66 0.10 28

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 0.44 0.27 0.19 29

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 5

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.49 0.21 0.10 12

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

n-undecane

vinyl acetate 2.20 0.71 0.22 17

o-xylene 0.30 0.18 0.11 10

total m+p-xylene 0.97 0.52 0.20 12

# 102 

# Table H.

Jefferson County (AQS - 39-081-0017)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 14.00 5.82 1.00 29

acetonitrile 1.60 0.56 0.20 24

acrylonitrile 2.80 1.09 0.20 23

benzene 7.90 1.45 0.10 29

1,3-butadiene 0.34 0.19 0.10 9

n-butane 9.80 1.80 0.31 28

2-butanone 3.00 1.01 0.52 18

carbon disulfide 1.90 1.00 0.50 10

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.11 9

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 0.96 0.34 0.17 24

chloroform 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

chloromethane 0.84 0.52 0.23 29

cyclohexane 0.11 0.11 0.11 1

decane 0.25 0.16 0.10 4

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para)

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.77 0.52 0.30 29

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.43 0.26 0.11 13

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.41 0.22 0.12 14

hexane 0.90 0.41 0.21 13

methylene chloride 0.20 0.14 0.11 4

4-methyl-2-pentanone 1.20 0.49 0.29 11

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 8.10 1.34 0.10 24

n-nonane

n-octane

n-pentane 2.60 0.63 0.16 29

propylene 3.50 1.12 0.37 29

n-propyl benzene 0.17 0.17 0.17 1

styrene 0.21 0.17 0.12 3

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 3.10 0.83 0.11 28

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 3.80 1.10 0.29 29

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 5

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.44 0.29 0.10 16

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.10 0.10 0.10 3

n-undecane

vinyl acetate 2.00 0.75 0.21 16

o-xylene 0.44 0.26 0.12 14

total m+p-xylene 1.80 0.92 0.31 15

# 103 

# Table I.

Washington County (AQS - 39-167-0008)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency



# COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected



# acetone 19.00 6.09 1.80 24

acetonitrile 1.80 0.59 0.25 16

acrylonitrile 4.10 1.66 0.24 21

benzene 2.60 0.36 0.11 22

1,3-butadiene

n-butane 8.40 2.38 0.45 24

2-butanone 2.00 0.89 0.53 15

carbon disulfide 2.30 0.93 0.51 21

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 9

chlorobenzene 0.21 0.16 0.11 2

chlorodifluoromethane 13.00 1.97 0.16 20

chloroform

chloromethane 0.89 0.56 0.41 23

cyclohexane 0.21 0.17 0.12 6

decane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 1.20 0.65 0.10 2

dichlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.54 0.41 24

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.69 0.46 0.23 3

4-ethyltoluene 0.13 0.13 0.13 2

n-heptane 0.50 0.26 0.10 7

hexane 1.80 0.66 0.20 10

methylene chloride 0.48 0.38 0.22 3

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.17 0.14 0.11 2

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.40 0.23 0.14 4

n-nonane

n-octane 0.15 0.12 0.10 3

n-pentane 5.50 0.87 0.10 24

propylene 5.50 1.75 0.56 24

n-propyl benzene

styrene 0.21 0.21 0.21 1

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 7.50 0.88 0.11 19

1,1,1-trichloroethane

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 1.70 0.38 0.20 24

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 4

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.76 0.52 0.25 3

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.12 0.12 0.11 2

n-undecane 0.14 0.14 0.14 1

vinyl acetate 0.93 0.57 0.28 12

o-xylene 0.88 0.60 0.31 3

total m+p-xylene 3.40 2.03 0.98 3

# 104 HEAVY METALS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

SAMPLING

Ambient air toxic monitoring on a routine basis for heavy metals (other than

lead), by Ohio EPA DAPC, was initiated in 1989 and has continued. Since that

time all of DAPC’s air filter samples have been analyzed by the Ohio EPA

Division of Envronmental Services (DES). A summary of the results can be

found in the following tables. Sampling for heavy metals is conducted using

a high volume total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler. With this sampler,

particulate matter in the air is collected on a pre-weighed glass fiber

filter. Sampling is done intermittently with 24-hour samples collected once

every six days. The operating procedures for lead can be found in the Code

of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix G. These basic procedures

are also used for the other metals.

ANALYSIS

Filters collected at each site were analyzed as a monthly composite.

Typically there are 5 sampling days in which a filter is collected. From

these individual filters two strips are cut and combined from strips from all

the filters collected that month and analyzed as one sample for the month.

The acid extracted samples are analyzed by atomic absorption (AA)

spectroscopy. When an element is heated in the flame of this instrument it

absorbs light at a characteristic wavelength. By measuring the amount of

light absorbed at a particular wavelength the concentration of the element

being analyzed can be determined.

HEAVY METALS PARAMETERS

All particulate filter samples collected by DAPC are routinely analyzed for

eight metals.

arsenic cadmium chromium beryllium

lead 1 

# nickel zinc manganese

From each sample, most parameters are analyzed using Inductively Coupled

Plasma Emission spectroscopy (ICP). Those would be;

chromium lead nickel zinc manganese

the rest are analyzed using a more sensitive Graphite Furnace Atomic

Absorption Method.

arsenic cadmium beryllium

Particulate mercury that can be detected from a glass or quartz fiber filter

has been added to the parameter list for a number of samples from sites in

communities with specific concerns about potential mercury sources. Mercury

analysis for each sample is performed separately from the other metals.

1 

# Lead is the only parameter being monitored in the ATMP that has a National

Ambient Air Quality Standard. See Section V, page 83, Lead.

# 105 Total mercury is determined using a cold vapor method developed by DES.

The following locations identify the sites that were used for the routine

metals monitoring program.

SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE

39-017-0015 Middletown Butler 3901 Lefferson Rd. J

39-029-0019 E. Liverpool Columbiana 1250 St. George St. K

39-029-0020 E. Liverpool Columbiana 2220 Michigan Ave. L

39-029-0022 E. Liverpool Columbiana 500 Maryland Ave. M

39-035-0038 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 Tikhon Ave. N

39-035-0042 Cleveland Cuyahoga 3136 Lorain Ave. O

39-035-0049 Cleveland Cuyahoga 4150 East 56th St. P

39-035-0050 Cleveland Cuyahoga 5777 Grant Ave. Q

39-035-0061 Cleveland Cuyahoga West 3 rd 

# . St. R

39-035-0068 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway S

39-035-0069 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave. T

39-049-0025 Columbus Franklin 1700 Ann St. U

39-051-0001 Delta Fulton 200 Van Buren St. V

39-091-0003 Bellefontaine Logan 1222 Superior Ave. W

39-167-0008 Marietta Washington Lancaster Rd. X

39-167-0009 Marietta Washington Blue Knob Rd. Y

39-167-0006 Marietta Washington Eramet/ Eveready Z

39-123-0012 Elmore Ottawa 2517 St. Rt. 590 AA

Marion Marion 635 Bellfontaine St. AB

Marion Marion 441 Whitmore Ave. AC

# 106 

# Table J.

Middletown Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Ohio Bell

3901 Lefferson Rd.

AQS: 39-017-0015 units -- ng/m3

Butler Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY <0.031 7.6 21.0 75 <6.2 630 1.20 2.50

FEBRUARY 0.051 6.4 7.7 75 <5.1 72 1.20 0.47

MARCH 0.054 <4.0 180 <5.4 28 <5.4 19 0.81 0.15

APRIL 0.033 <4.9 240 <6.5 33 <6.5 37 1.80 0.31

MAY 0.050 4.5 480 7.6 67 <5.2 73 1.70 0.33

JUNE 0.150 8.8 1000 11.0 150 <9.2 130 1.60 0.31

JULY 0.120 9.6 920 12.0 130 <5.6 87 1.30 0.32

AUGUST 0.048 4.7 380 <5.6 54 <5.6 41 0.92 0.18

SEPTEMBER 0.074 4.5 510 <5.3 54 <5.3 43 1.60 0.31

OCTOBER 0.074 5.1 450 5.9 61 <5.4 57 1.90 0.29

NOVEMBER 0.056 <4.2 250 <5.6 30 <5.6 34 1.50 0.25

DECEMBER 0.059 3.9 420 4.7 57 <4.6 61 0.76 0.26



# Table K.

East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

Port Authority

1250 St. Geoge St.

AQS: 39-029-0019 units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.025 3.9 50.0 500 <4.0 390 0.053 2.00 3.80

FEBRUARY 

# 0.060 7.2 570 12.0 1700 5.30 110 0.044 2.70 0.91

MARCH 

# 0.150 5.3 400 4.0 390 <4.0 180 0.078 2.10 3.90

APRIL 

# 0.240 6.8 570 55.0 820 5.90 200 0.059 2.40 2.40

MAY 

# 0.110 <3.2 280 9.6 120 <4.2 46 0.048 2.50 0.50

JUNE 

# 0.320 6.1 670 14.0 350 <5.2 50 0.100 1.80 0.50

JULY 

# 0.430 6.5 680 16.0 500 <7.2 59 0.081 3.00 0.54

AUGUST 

# 0.270 5.0 530 11.0 410 <4.2 64 0.008 2.00 0.59

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.240 4.7 450 6.1 600 <4.0 34 0.130 1.60 0.68

OCTOBER 

# 0.085 <2.9 220 11.0 110 <3.8 69 0.077 3.20 0.53

NOVEMBER 

# 0.045 8.2 400 44.0 300 9.10 540 0.061 2.90 3.30

DECEMBER 

# 0.032 2.7 170 11.0 58 <3.2 160 0.029 1.30 0.93

# 107 

# Table L.

Table M. East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

Waterplant

2220 Michigan Ave.

AQS: 39-029-0020 units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.023 18.0 67.0 4600 8.8 520 0.058 4.90 5.40

FEBRUARY 

# 0.035 27.0 1600 14.0 6400 8.2 140 0.041 3.70 1.20

MARCH 

# 0.024 12.0 770 34.0 2800 22.0 160 0.075 2.50 3.00

APRIL 

# 0.034 19.0 1000 25.0 3200 88.0 190 0.074 4.50 1.80

MAY 

# <0.030 <4.6 320 12.0 570 15.0 49 0.043 2.80 0.52

JUNE 

# <0.024 7.6 340 9.3 800 <4.9 44 0.063 1.30 0.64

JULY 

# <0.026 5.4 420 10.0 1300 <5.1 41 0.025 2.60 0.56

AUGUST 

# 0.031 16.0 750 8.2 2000 6.9 88 0.022 1.90 0.78

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.120 21.0 640 7.5 1600 29.0 42 0.066 1.70 0.78

OCTOBER 

# 0.022 6.0 300 14.0 420 19.0 70 0.059 1.70 0.86

NOVEMBER 

# 0.039 34.0 750 51.0 1300 15.0 720 0.063 3.00 4.00

DECEMBER 

# <0.018 26.0 640 15.0 1600 4.7 190 0.045 2.50 1.30

East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

500 Maryland Ave.

AQS: 39-029-0022

units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.025 <3.7 43.0 280 <5.0 340 0.048 1.80 3.40

FEBRUARY 

# 0.041 4.8 280 11.0 320 <4.8 81 0.041 1.70 0.57

MARCH 

# 0.054 6.9 490 47.0 950 <6.4 230 0.077 3.20 4.60

APRIL 

# 0.045 <5.0 280 9.1 290 <6.6 79 0.041 1.60 0.75

MAY 

# 0.027 <4.1 220 6.1 160 <5.5 35 0.030 2.00 0.33

JUNE 

# 0.050 6.6 470 14.0 540 <5.5 44 0.081 1.60 0.38

JULY 

# 0.043 4.8 320 12.0 350 <5.7 38 <0.007 2.50 0.37

AUGUST 

# 0.048 5.3 340 8.3 220 <7.0 44 0.032 1.50 0.39

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.027 <3.9 210 <5.2 290 <5.2 26 0.094 1.10 0.44

OCTOBER 

# 0.035 <3.7 210 8.9 140 <5.0 65 0.045 3.60 0.49

NOVEMBER 

# 0.035 7.1 360 42.0 250 6.60 460 0.049 3.20 2.80

DECEMBER 

# <0.020 <3.1 150 12.0 48 <4.1 150 0.040 1.40 1.10

# 108 

# Table N.

Table O.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

FIRE "4A"

3136 Lorain Ave.

AQS: 39-035-0042 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.031 <4.0 15.0 35 <5.3 71 1.60 1.00

FEBRUARY 

# <0.026 <3.9 15.0 11 <5.2 57 1.40 0.37

MARCH 

# <0.026 <3.8 15.0 19 <5.1 78 1.40 1.50

APRIL 

# <0.027 <4.0 28.0 25 6.8 93 3.00 0.98

MAY 

# <0.046 <7.0 10.0 22 <9.3 83 0.89 0.26

JUNE 

# <0.027 <4.1 19.0 19 <5.5 60 1.40 0.30

JULY 

# <0.028 <4.2 12.0 11 <5.5 39 1.50 0.15

AUGUST 

# <0.028 <4.2 14.0 25 <5.6 85 1.50 0.37

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.027 <4.1 7.6 14 <5.5 50 1.70 0.24

OCTOBER 

# <0.027 <4.0 16.0 21 <5.4 76 2.70 0.57

NOVEMBER 

# <0.027 <4.0 10.0 14 <5.3 54 1.30 0.30

DECEMBER 

# 0.028 <3.3 9.9 14 <4.4 46 1.20 0.36 Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

St. Theodosius Church

2547 St. Tikhon Ave.

AQS: 39-035-0038 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.036 <3.8 15 45 <5.0 95 2.0 0.95

FEBRUARY 

# 0.024 3.60 35 38 <4.8 110 1.7 0.93

MARCH 

# 0.036 6.20 20 89 <5.0 100 1.7 0.83

APRIL 

# 0.053 7.50 24 89 10.00 120 2.1 0.71

MAY 

# 0.037 <3.8 22 44 <5.1 82 3.6 0.83

JUNE 

# <0.026 <3.9 15 32 <5.2 64 1.8 0.38

JULY 

# <0.025 <3.8 10 23 <5.1 46 1.6 0.27

AUGUST 

# 0.048 5.00 34 48 <5.1 100 1.6 0.58

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.047 <3.8 20 39 <5.1 150 3.0 0.61

OCTOBER 

# 0.046 3.70 17 74 <5.0 95 2.6 0.80

NOVEMBER 

# 0.048 3.70 11 26 6.00 58 1.7 0.37

DECEMBER 

# 0.024 <3.1 8.4 29 <4.2 41 1.0 0.30

# 109 

# Table P.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

FERRO "A"

4150 EAST 56th STR.

AQS: 39-035-0049 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.032 <4.0 58 52 20 71 1.50 0.72

FEBRUARY 

# 0.033 5.5 50 140 99 92 1.80 0.38

MARCH 

# 0.053 5.9 66 110 14 140 1.70 0.62

APRIL 

# 0.050 7.2 110 120 2.2 140 3.00 0.56

MAY 

# 0.072 6.7 62 160 80 140 3.10 0.54

JUNE 

# 0.043 5.2 91 130 82 120 1.70 0.34

JULY 

# 0.042 5.0 140 120 160 81 2.30 0.33

AUGUST 

# 0.066 5.6 83 110 54 84 1.60 0.38

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.053 6.0 76 100 76 110 1.90 0.47

OCTOBER 

# <0.026 4.9 46 70 57 70 2.40 0.40

NOVEMBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 31 63 45 54 1.90 0.30

DECEMBER 

# 0.028 4.0 30 79 110 130 1.80 0.55



# Table Q.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fortran Printing Inc.

5777 GRANT AVE.

AQS: 39-035-0050 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.026 <4.0 9.3 35 24.0 62 1.70 0.87

FEBRUARY 

# <0.026 4.3 24.0 30 7.1 52 1.70 0.45

MARCH 

# 0.044 7.3 87.0 120 14.0 110 2.30 0.83

APRIL 

# 0.044 9.0 26.0 120 18.0 110 3.30 0.70

MAY 

# 0.093 5.8 20.0 140 16.0 110 4.50 0.69

JUNE 

# 0.040 5.0 18.0 96 30.0 70 3.00 0.38

JULY 

# 0.033 <4.0 17.0 54 22.0 50 4.40 0.34

AUGUST 

# 0.111 6.7 20.0 150 28.0 85 3.00 0.44

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.033 <4.9 13.0 34 35.0 49 2.20 0.26

OCTOBER 

# <0.026 <3.8 9.8 40 5.9 42 1.90 0.34

NOVEMBER 

# <0.026 <3.8 8.8 24 20.0 48 1.70 0.31

DECEMBER 

# <0.021 <3.2 8.5 24 14.0 44 1.40 0.57

# 110 

# Table R.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Asphalt Plant "A"

West 3rd St.

AQS: 39-035-0061 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH Beryllium Chromium Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Arsenic Cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.050 <4.7 10.0 71 <6.2 89 2.20 0.43

FEBRUARY 

# 0.041 <3.7 <4.9 <1.2 <4.9 <0.0025 1.50 0.40

MARCH 

# 0.051 <6.2 26.0 73 <8.2 120 2.40 0.66

APRIL 

# 0.098 6.5 23.0 110 9.5 130 2.20 0.68

MAY 

# 0.066 4.1 60.0 95 <5.2 110 2.40 0.65

JUNE 

# 0.035 4.2 19.0 67 <5.1 100 1.40 0.38

JULY 

# 0.040 <3.8 15.0 41 <5.1 64 1.30 0.31

AUGUST 

# 0.065 <3.8 15.0 69 <5.1 89 1.40 0.41

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.072 <3.7 12.0 64 <5.0 80 1.90 0.30

OCTOBER 

# 0.049 <3.7 10.0 61 <4.9 81 1.80 0.42

NOVEMBER 

# <0.025 <3.7 11.0 29 6.9 54 1.30 0.29

DECEMBER 

# 0.028 <3.0 7.2 30 <4.1 50 0.90 0.25



# Table S.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fire Station "#11"

7629 Broadway

AQS: 39-035-0068 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH Beryllium Chromium Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Arsenic Cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.027 <4.0 12.0 9.4 <5.3 61 1.20 0.61

FEBRUARY 

# <0.042 <6.4 14.0 27 <8.5 56 1.80 0.70

MARCH 

# <0.044 <6.6 24.0 50 <8.8 90 1.60 0.45

APRIL 

# 0.034 <5.0 23.0 44 7.0 92 2.40 0.56

MAY 

# <0.033 <5.0 15.0 33 <6.7 78 2.20 0.50

JUNE 

# <0.027 <4.1 16.0 25 5.4 69 1.40 0.34

JULY 

# 0.027 <4.1 16.0 26 <5.4 63 1.90 0.33

AUGUST 

# 0.034 <5.0 24.0 54 <6.7 90 1.50 0.63

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.027 <4.0 16.0 33 <5.3 68 1.20 0.38

OCTOBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 14.0 25 9.7 58 1.80 0.40

NOVEMBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 9.8 19 <5.2 49 1.60 0.32

DECEMBER 

# <0.022 <3.3 6.9 14 <4.4 38 0.80 0.71

# 111 

# Table T.

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fire Station "#22"

7300 Superior

AQS: 39-035-0069 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.044 <6.6 <8.8 10 <8.8 42 1.60 0.25

FEBRUARY 

# <0.026 <3.9 10.0 15 <5.2 50 1.50 0.35

MARCH 

# <0.026 <3.9 10.0 14 <5.2 42 1.50 0.26

APRIL 

# <0.033 <4.9 16.0 20 <6.6 56 3.00 0.35

MAY 

# <0.027 <4.0 16.0 18 <5.4 54 1.40 0.29

JUNE 

# <0.033 <5.0 19.0 23 <6.7 72 1.10 0.34

JULY 

# <0.045 <6.7 24.0 35 <8.9 70 2.40 0.37

AUGUST 

# <0.027 <4.0 13.0 26 <5.4 60 1.20 0.68

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.026 <4.0 12.0 26 <5.3 49 1.60 0.28

OCTOBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 14.0 23 <5.2 59 1.60 0.35

NOVEMBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 8.6 12 <5.2 52 1.40 0.23

DECEMBER 

# <0.021 <3.2 10.0 12 <4.3 32 1.20 0.28



# Table U.

Columbus Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Woodrow

1700 Ann St.

AQS: 39-049-0025 units -- ng/m3

Franklin Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.027 <4.0 <5.4 6.4 <5.4 40 0.58 0.25

FEBRUARY 

# <0.027 5.70 11.0 28 <5.5 100 0.99 0.37

MARCH 

# <0.028 <4.2 100 <5.4 7 <5.5 43 0.71 0.20

APRIL 

# <0.028 <4.2 240 12.0 20 <5.6 75 1.50 0.62

MAY 

# <0.028 <4.3 210 7.6 16 <5.7 89 1.50 0.38

JUNE 

# <0.029 <4.4 210 7.6 14 <5.9 71 0.86 0.29

JULY 

# <0.030 <4.5 280 11.0 24 <6.0 100 1.20 0.44

AUGUST 

# <0.030 <4.5 220 11.0 15 <6.0 80 1.30 0.41

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.029 <4.3 300 8.1 16 <5.7 79 1.40 0.43

OCTOBER 

# <0.028 <4.2 220 8.8 17 <5.6 100 1.40 0.81

NOVEMBER 

# <0.028 <4.2 160 6.6 14 <5.6 56 1.70 0.54

DECEMBER 

# <0.022 <3.4 210 6.7 15 <4.5 71 1.00 0.26

# 112 

# Table V.

Table W. NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Delta

200 Van Buren St.

AQS: 39-051-0001 units -- ng/m3

Fulton Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.028 <3.2 130 4.6 <4.3 1100 0.49 5.10

FEBRUARY 

# <0.021 <3.2 66 7.9 <4.2 460 0.51 2.20

MARCH 

# <0.036 <5.3 17 2.4 <7.0 130 0.47 0.53

APRIL 

# <0.028 <4.1 22 9.0 <5.5 88 1.20 0.25

MAY 

# <0.037 <5.6 260 7.6 <7.4 2700 <0.37 5.30

JUNE 

# <0.029 <4.3 66 8.3 <5.8 400 1.30 2.80

JULY 

# <0.027 <4.0 26 7.0 <5.3 69 <1.2 0.22

AUGUST 

# <0.027 <4.1 380 7.9 <5.5 1300 0.87 2.80

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.022 <3.3 240 6.6 <4.4 1700 0.79 2.30

OCTOBER 

# <0.022 <3.3 230 17.0 <4.4 1700 1.00 2.90

NOVEMBER 

# <0.022 <3.3 160 5.2 <4.4 670 0.77 2.50

DECEMBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 420 6.5 <5.3 2800 0.53 4.00

SWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Bellefontaine

1222 Superior Ave.

AQS: 39-091-0003 units -- ng/m3

Logan Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.025 <3.8 80 4.4 <5.0 18 0.64 0.12

FEBRUARY 

# <0.038 <5.7 68 5.3 <7.6 28 0.60 0.17

MARCH 

# <0.025 <3.7 75 6 2.4 <5.0 15 0.51 0.09

APRIL 

# <0.027 <4.1 190 30 9.0 <5.5 23 0.95 0.16

MAY 

# <0.023 <3.5 79 38 4.4 7.20 19 0.43 0.16

JUNE 

# <0.027 <4.1 140 37 4.3 <5.4 22 1.10 0.10

JULY 

# <0.028 <4.2 220 190 5.1 <5.7 26 1.30 0.27

AUGUST 

# <0.026 <4.0 120 31 3.6 <5.3 20 0.93 0.08

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.025 <3.8 140 43 3.1 <5.0 14 0.90 0.10

OCTOBER 

# <0.022 <3.2 92 23 6.5 <4.3 16 0.99 0.10

NOVEMBER 

# <0.023 <3.4 68 4.9 4.1 <4.6 21 1.00 0.13

DECEMBER 

# <0.019 <2.9 130 16 3.4 <3.8 19 0.54 0.10

# 113 

# Table X.

SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Washington Co. Career Center

Lancaster Rd.

AQS: 39-167-0008 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.024 <3.6 <4.8 30 <4.8 11 0.48 0.22

FEBRUARY 

# <0.022 <3.3 <5.0 11 <4.4 12 <1.2 <0.12

MARCH No sample

APRIL 

# <0.028 <4.2 <5.6 110 <5.6 26 0.027 1.30 0.23

MAY 

# <0.022 <3.3 4.8 32 <4.4 21 0.027 0.92 0.19

JUNE 

# <0.022 <3.3 <4.4 61 <4.4 22 0.036 0.78 0.25

JULY 

# <0.022 <3.4 7.9 230 <4.5 39 0.028 1.20 0.43

AUGUST 

# <0.022 <3.4 <4.5 27 <4.5 19 0.021 0.81 0.17

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.022 <3.2 <4.3 73 <4.3 11 0.018 0.95 0.34

OCTOBER 

# <0.021 <3.2 <4.2 89 <4.2 12 0.023 1.10 0.69

NOVEMBER 

# <0.021 <3.2 <4.2 66 <4.2 18 0.000 1.30 0.26

DECEMBER 

# <0.017 <2.6 4.8 53 <3.5 14 0.016 0.86 0.12



# Table Y.

SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Blue Knob Rd.

Marietta

AQS: 39-167-0009 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.020 <3.0 6.9 350 <3.9 37 0.75 0.39

FEBRUARY 

# <0.019 <2.9 <3.9 200 <3.9 19 0.57 0.23

MARCH 

# <0.025 <3.7 <5.0 94 <5.0 18 0.036 0.74 0.19

APRIL 

# <0.030 <4.5 6.3 45 <6.0 25 0.032 1.00 0.16

MAY 

# <0.024 <3.5 4.7 340 <4.7 29 0.054 0.91 0.34

JUNE 

# <0.024 <3.6 5.3 280 <4.8 22 0.029 0.92 0.18

JULY Discontinued

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

# 114 

# Table Z.

Table AA.

NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Brush Wellman 32

Route 105

AQS: 39-123-0012 units -- ng/m3

Ottawa Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# 0.027 <0.7 3.0 2.4 <0.9 12 0.52 0.12

FEBRUARY 

# 0.035 <0.7 2.7 2.6 <0.9 12 0.39 0.11

MARCH 

# 0.010 <0.6 2.5 2.7 <0.8 12 0.51 0.10

APRIL 

# 0.033 <0.7 3.7 5.2 <1.0 15 0.64 0.13

MAY 

# 0.037 <0.7 3.8 4.2 1.3 16 0.80 0.14

JUNE 

# 0.096 <0.7 2.7 3.5 1.1 11 0.46 0.09

JULY 

# 0.320 <0.8 4.9 4.5 2.0 16 0.68 0.13

AUGUST 

# 0.290 <0.8 3.5 4.0 1.1 14 0.66 0.11

SEPTEMBER 

# 0.053 <0.6 3.2 2.8 <0.9 13 0.60 0.10

OCTOBER 

# 0.140 <0.7 3.3 3.5 <1.0 14 0.89 0.14

NOVEMBER 

# 0.200 <0.6 4.1 4.7 <0.8 15 0.56 0.12

DECEMBER 

# 0.076 <0.7 3.3 3.2 <1.0 14 0.58 0.12 SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Everyready/ Eramet

Eramet

AQS: 39-167-0006 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH 

# <0.034 12.0 9.6 1400 <6.9 40 0.038 3.30 0.59

APRIL 

# <0.021 22.0 9.4 1200 <4.2 39 0.084 3.00 1.40

MAY 

# <0.022 11.0 13.0 1900 <4.5 100 0.094 1.80 1.00

JUNE 

# <0.028 15.0 7.1 1100 <5.5 28 0.069 2.10 0.33

JULY 

# <0.057 <8.5 <11.0 700 <11.0 48 0.022 1.10 0.31

AUGUST 

# 0.024 9.8 <4.8 880 <4.8 22.4 0.047 2.40 0.35

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.023 3.5 <4.6 460 <4.6 22 0.040 1.70 0.31

OCTOBER 

# <0.037 10.0 11.0 1400 <7.5 55 0.020 3.20 0.78

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

# 115 

# Table AB.

Table AC.

NWDO Heavy Metals Composite Monthly Data - 2006

Marion Steel

441 Whitmore St.

AQS: units -- ng/m3

Marion Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.021 5.5 120 140 <4.3 590 0.360 2.10 1.50

FEBRUARY 

# <0.022 9.1 200 290 7.00 1000 1.600 3.80 3.30

MARCH 

# <0.022 7.0 73 120 <4.4 420 0.170 2.60 1.20

APRIL 

# 0.024 10.0 85 190 4.60 460 0.650 2.20 1.90

MAY 

# 0.027 4.8 82 88 <4.7 330 0.760 1.80 1.60

JUNE 

# <0.024 5.3 25 65 <4.8 120 0.210 1.40 0.43

JULY 

# <0.024 6.5 80 110 <4.8 360 0.620 2.40 2.10

AUGUST 

# <0.024 5.6 43 74 <4.8 230 0.390 1.80 1.20

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.023 7.4 51 110 <4.6 290 0.400 2.20 1.50

OCTOBER 

# <0.023 6.8 110 140 <4.6 470 0.760 2.10 3.10

NOVEMBER 

# <0.022 6.6 110 130 <4.4 740 0.190 1.60 2.10

DECEMBER 

# <0.018 5.9 55 130 <3.6 410 0.800 1.30 1.30 NWDO Heavy Metals Composite Monthly Data - 2006

Marion Steel

635 Bellfontaine / Gill Ave.



# AQS: units -- ng/m3

Marion Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium

JANUARY 

# <0.026 4.5 120 79 <5.2 430 0.390 1.20 1.10

FEBRUARY 

# <0.032 <4.8 15 55 <6.4 85 0.092 1.20 0.34

MARCH 

# <0.027 5.0 20 62 <5.4 130 0.220 1.70 0.46

APRIL 

# <0.027 5.2 19 78 <5.3 100 0.160 1.30 0.49

MAY 

# <0.028 5.1 80 73 <5.6 450 0.500 1.60 1.30

JUNE 

# <0.030 <4.5 17 41 <6.1 110 0.084 1.50 0.37

JULY 

# <0.028 <4.3 14 35 <5.7 87 0.140 1.10 0.32

AUGUST 

# <0.028 <4.3 14 24 <5.7 82 0.077 0.90 0.43

SEPTEMBER 

# <0.027 4.7 24 54 <5.3 140 0.260 0.92 0.76

OCTOBER 

# <0.026 <3.9 26 42 <5.2 120 0.340 1.30 0.98

NOVEMBER 

# <0.025 3.9 25 53 <4.9 140 0.300 1.00 0.49

DECEMBER 

# <0.021 4.2 21 54 <4.2 140 0.400 1.10 0.50

# 116 FUTURE

The long term air toxics monitoring goals of DAPC will focus on the requirements of

the Clean Air Act (CAA) particularly Section 112 and will support the development

of EPA’s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy. In addition the air toxics

monitoring efforts will incorporate relative elements of the mission and goals of

DAPC to protect the environment for the benefit of all and to develop improved air

toxics information.

The current strategy of urban based monitoring has evolved over the years the

number of sites and locations have changed depending on resources and priorities.

The major emphasis of existing sampling projects is to develop and establish cost

effective, routine sampling and analysis procedures. U.S. EPA has provided the

Compendium of Recommended Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds

in Ambient Air. Methods have been updated to allow for more uniform approaches

for sampling and analyzing various groups of compounds. New methods have been

developed and added for compounds not previously targeted. There is even a

Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants In Indoor Air . Ohio

EPA’s own air toxics monitoring capacity has been enhanced with the expansion of

the air canister sample analysis capability by the Division of Environmental

Services (DES).

Future Goals of the division will be modified to be compatible with the National

Air Toxics Assessment Network activities. The intent of this network is to provide

measurements of ambient concentrations of air toxics at monitoring sites throughout

the nation for the estimation of human and environmental exposure to air toxics,

and the assessment of risk due to air toxics.

As part of the current grant commitment to USEPA, DAPC will continue its effort to

submit future Air Toxics Data to the AQS Database. As part of that effort DAPC

will compile all air toxics data collected in previous years so that it may

eventually be submitted to AQS. DAPC has already made an effort to have all metals

data submitted to AQS.

Modernization:

DAPC will pursue information on new technology such as:

x Continuous gas chromatography, mass spectrometry

x ICP/MS - to be utilized at DES for metals analysis

x FTIR long-path monitoring

x Updates of the Compendium of Recommended Methods are available at the following

website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html

x

x Evaluate future training needs for Air Toxics Monitoring:

x sampling methods,

x analytical procedures,

x equipment

AVAILABLE REPORTS:

New Boston Coke Columbus Dioxin Study

Columbus Dioxin Study 1995 Marion Air Quality Study

Cleveland Air Toxics Study

Future Report: A Compilation of Air Toxics Monitoring 1990- 2006, summary data

currently available by year.

# 117 VII. AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI)

There has been a daily reporting of ambient air quality in

Ohio's major metropolitan areas in some form since 1971. A

national Pollution Standards Index (PSI) was established in 1977

to report air quality. This index was adopted by Ohio EPA's

District Offices and the local air agencies (LAA's) to inform

the public of daily air quality.

In the summer of 1999 the PSI scale was revised and renamed the

Air Quality Index (AQI). It was modified to add 2.5 micron

particulate matter (PM 2.5 

# ) and to accommodate the 8-Hour ozone

standard.

The U.S. EPA has started the regulatory process of changing the

AQI for PM 2.5 

# because of the change in the 24-HHour standard

which took place in late 2006. The change is expected in late

2007 or early 2008.

The AQI (see Table 12) is a uniform "scaling" of five

pollutants: particulate (PM 10 

# and PM 2.5 

# ), sulfur dioxide, ozone,

nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The level of each of

these is calculated every day to determine the AQI. The

pollutant with the highest AQI is reported to the media.

When the AQI exceeds, or is expected to exceed, 100 in a major

city, the agency concerned issues a "health advisory". When

pollution levels exceed an AQI of 200 and are projected to

persist, an "air pollution episode" exists and the Governor

declares an "alert". This initiates mandatory cutbacks of

emissions from specified facilities to alleviate the situation.

If the AQI were to surpass 300, 400 or 500, progressively

greater cutbacks would be implemented to reduce pollutants to an

acceptable level.

The AQI trend shows that Ohio's air quality has improved

significantly. Although alerts were commonplace in the early

1970's, none have happened in over twenty years, and the number

of health advisories has been greatly reduced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



# 

# 119 AQI Chart

The accompanying table shows the AQI values for selected

counties. It should be noted that the daily AQI values that are

calculated and reported on a daily basis for cities in these

counties may differ from those in the table. The daily AQI is

based on a limited number of monitors (particularly PM 10 

# and

PM 2.5 

# ). This table uses data from all Federal Reference Monitors

in the county. From those data the highest AQI value is chosen

or each day. f

The table gives a general representation of the relative air

quality in these counties. There were no readings in the “very

unhealthy” or "hazardous" category.

TABLE 13

Days in each category:

County Highest

AQI

Value Good Moderate Unhealthy for

Sensitive

Groups Unhealthy

Butler 106 291 72 2 0

Clark 116 311 53 1 0

Cuyahoga 114 271 91 3 0

Franklin 106 288 74 3 0

Hamilton 135 274 88 3 0

Jefferson 111 297 67 1 0

Lake 109 321 43 1 0

Lawrence 106 314 49 2 0

Lucas 92 307 58 0 0

Mahoning 94 312 53 0 0

Montgomery 100 315 50 0 0

Stark 101 265 76 1 0

Summit 100 308 57 0 0

Trumbull 111 215 49 2 0

# Blank page 120

# VIII. MONITORING SITES 2006

# Blank Page 122

# 123 Explanation of AQS codes:

The first column is the AQS number which consists of:

39-the state code

NNN-the county code, alphabetical, odd numbers only

NNNN-the site code

The second column is the county in which the monitoring

site is located

The third column is a street address or city name

The fourth column lists the pollutants monitored at

the site.

The main parameters monitored at sites are:

PB Lead

PM10 Ten Micron Particulate Matter (PM 10 

# )

LC25 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 

# )

PM25C 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 

# ) Continuous

PMSP 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM 2. 

# PT Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) 5 

# ) Speciation

O3 Ozone (O ) 3



# SO2 Sulfur Dioxide

CO Carbon Monoxide

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

# 124 Monitoring Network for 2006

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s)

Number

39-001-0001 Adams 210 N. Wilson SO2, PM25C

39-003-0002 Allen 2650 Bible Rd. O3, SO2

39-003-0006 Allen 1314 Findlay Rd PM10

39-003-0007 Allen Rousch Rd. PM10

39-003-0008 Allen North St. PM10

39-007-1001 Ashtabula Conneaut O3, SO2

39-009-0003 Athens Gifford State Forest LC25

39-013-3002 Belmont E 40 St., Shadyside SO2

39-017-0003 Butler Bonita & St. John PM10, LC25

39-017-0004 Butler Schuler & Bender O3, SO2

39-017-0015 Butler 3901 Lefferson PM10, PB

39-017-0016 Butler 400 Nilles Rd. LC25

39-017-1004 Butler Hook Field O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C,

PMSP

39-023-0001 Clark 5171 Urbana Rd. O3

39-023-0003 Clark 5400 Spangler Rd. O3, SO2

39-023-0005 Clark 350 N Fountain Ave. LC25, PM25C

39-025-0022 Clermont 2400 Clermont Center Dr. O3, LC25, PM25C

39-027-1002 Clinton 62 Laurel Dr., Career Cntr O3

39-029-0019 Columbiana 1250 George St. PB

39-029-0020 Columbiana 2220 Michigan Ave PM10, PB

39-029-0022 Columbiana 500 Maryland Ave. SO2, PM10, PB

39-035-0027 Cuyahoga 2200 W 28 th 

# St. PM10, LC25

39-035-0034 Cuyahoga 891 E 152 St. O3, LC25

39-035-0038 Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon Ave. PB, SO2, PM10, LC25,

PMSP

39-035-0042 Cuyahoga 3136 Lorain PB

39-035-0045 Cuyahoga 45950 Broadway Ave. SO2, PM10, LC25

39-035-0048 Cuyahoga 2026 E 9 th 

# St. CO

39-035-0049 Cuyahoga E 56 th 

# St. PB

39-035-0050 Cuyahoga Grant Rd. PB

39-035-0051 Cuyahoga E 9 th 

# & St. Clair CO

39-035-0053 Cuyahoga 4160 Pearl Rd. CO

39-035-0060 Cuyahoga E 14 th 

# & Orange NO2, SO2, PM10, LC25,

PM25C, PMSP

39-035-0061 Cuyahoga W 3 rd 

# St. PB

39-035-0064 Cuyahoga Berea O3

39-035-0065 Cuyahoga 4600 Harvard Ave. SO2, PM10, LC25

39-035-0068 Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway PB

39-035-0069 Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave PB

# 125 AQS County Site Location Parameter(s)

Number

39-035-0070 Cuyahoga 13013 Cortlett Ave. CO, NO2

39-035-1002 Cuyahoga 16900 Holland Rd. PM10, LC25

39-035-5002 Cuyahoga 6116 Wilson Mills Rd. O3

39-041-0002 Delaware 359 Main St. O3

39-049-0005 Franklin Morse & Karl Rds CO

39-049-0024 Franklin Ohio State Fairgrounds PM10, LC25

39-049-0025 Franklin 580 Woodrow Ave. PB, LC25

39-049-0028 Franklin 2521 Fairwood Ave. O3, PM25C

39-049-0029 Franklin 7600 Fodor Rd., New Albany O3, PM25C

39-049-0034 Franklin Korbel Ave. SO2, PM10

39-049-0036 Franklin 122 S. Front St. CO

39-049-0037 Franklin 1777 E. Broad St. O3

39-049-0081 Franklin 5750 Maple Canyon Dr. O3, LC25, PMSP

39-051-0001 Fulton 200 Van Buren St. PB

39-053-0002 Gallia Cheshire Town Hall SO2

39-055-0004 Geauga 13000 Auburn Rd. O3

39-057-0005 Greene 100 Dayton St. PM10, LC25, PM25C

39-057-0006 Greene 541 Ledbetter Rd. O3

39-061-0006 Hamilton 11590 Grooms Rd. O3, LC25, PM25C

39-061-0010 Hamilton 6950 Ribble Rd. O3, SO2

39-061-0014 Hamilton 18 E Seymour PM10, LC25

39-061-0021 Hamilton 100 E Fifth Ave. CO

39-061-0040 Hamilton 250 Wm. Howard Taft Rd. O3, NO2, PM10, LC25,

PM25C, PMSP

39-061-0042 Hamilton 2101 W Eighth St. LC25

39-061-0043 Hamilton 3254 Kemper Rd. LC25

39-061-5001 Hamilton 101 Cooper Ave PM10

39-061-7001 Hamilton 2059 Sherman Ave. LC25

39-061-8001 Hamilton 300 Murray Rd. LC25

39-063-0002 Hancock 9860 CR 313 PM10

39-063-0003 Hancock 9860 CR 313 PM10

39-063-0004 Hancock CR 144 PM10

39-081-0017 Jefferson 618 Logan O3, SO2, PM10, LC25,

PM25C, PMSP

39-081-1001 Jefferson Mingo Junction City Hall CO, PM10, LC25

39-083-0002 Knox Water Plant, SR 314 O3

39-085-0003 Lake Jefferson Elementary School O3, SO2

39-085-0006 Lake 8443 Mentor Ave. CO

39-085-1001 Lake IQ 325 Vine St. PM10

39-085-3002 Lake 71 E. High St. O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C

39-087-0006 Lawrence 2120 S. 8 th 

# St. O3, SO2

39-087-0010 Lawrence 2128 S. 9 th 

# St. PM10, LC25, PMSP

# 126 AQS County Site Location Parameter(s)

Number

39-087-0011 Lawrence St Rt 775 & St Rt 141 O3

39-089-0005 Licking 300 Licking View Dr., Heath O3

39-089-0007 Licking 10843 Foundation Rd. PM10

39-091-0003 Logan 1222 Superior Ave. PB

39-091-0005 Logan 1229 S. Main St. PB

39-091-0006 Logan 320 Richard Ave. PB

39-091-0007 Logan 1205 Superior Ave. PB

39-091-0008 Logan 1215 Greenwood St. PB

39-093-0016 Lorain 214 E 34 th 

# St. LC25

39-093-0018 Lorain 4706 Detroit Rd. O3

39-093-3002 Lorain 2180 Lake Breeze PM10, LC25, PM25C, PMSP

39-095-0008 Lucas 600 Collins Ave, SO2

39-095-0024 Lucas 348 S Erie St. O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C

39-095-0025 Lucas 600 Collins Park LC25

39-095-0026 Lucas 4208 Airport Highway LC25, PMSP

39-095-0027 Lucas 200 S Byrne Rd., Waterville O3

39-095-0034 Lucas 306 Yondota O3

39-095-0081 Lucas Friendship Park O3

39-097-0007 Madison 9940 SR 38 SW O3

39-099-0005 Mahoning Fire Station 7 PM10, LC25

39-099-0006 Mahoning Fire Station 5 PM10

39-099-0013 Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. O3, SO2

39-099-0014 Mahoning Oakhill LC25, PM25C, PMSP

39-103-0003 Medina 6364 Deerview O3, LC25, PM25C

39-105-1001 Meigs Mulberry Ave., Pomeroy SO2

39-109-0005 Miami 3825 N SR 589, Castown O3

39-113-0028 Montgomery 901 W Fairview Ave. CO

39-113-0031 Montgomery 1361 Huffman Ave. LC25, PM25C, PMSP

39-113-0032 Montgomery 215 E. Third St. LC25

39-113-0033 Montgomery 1404 Webster St. O3

39-113-0034 Montgomery 117 South Main St. CO

39-113-7001 Montgomery 2728 Vicking Lane PM10

39-115-0003 Morgan 2600 SR 83, Hackney SO2

39-115-0004 Morgan SR 83 SO2

39-133-0002 Portage 531 Washington Ave. LC25

39-133-1001 Portage 1570 Ravenna Rd. O3

39-135-1001 Preble National Trails School O3, LC25, PM25C

39-145-0013 Scioto 4862 Gallia St., SO2, PM10, LC25

39-145-0019 Scioto 605 Washington St. PM10

# 127 AQS County Site Location Parameter(s)

Number

39-151-0016 Stark Malone College O3

39-151-0017 Stark 1330 Dueber Ave LC25, PMSP

39-151-0020 Stark 420 Market Ave. CO, LC25, PM25C

39-151-0021 Stark 245 W 5 th 

# St., Brewster O3

39-151-4005 Stark 1175 W Vine St., Alliance O3

39-153-0017 Summit 80 Brittain Rd. SO2, LC25, PM25C

39-153-0020 Summit 800 Patterson Ave O3, CO

39-153-0022 Summit 177 S. Broadway CO, SO2

39-153-0023 Summit 660 W Exchange St. LC25, PM25C

39-155-0005 Trumbull 540 Laird Ave. SE Warren PM10

39-155-0006 Trumbull 2323 Main Ave. SW PM10

39-155-0007 Trumbull 2609 Draper St. SE PM10, LC25, PM25C

39-155-0009 Trumbull Community Hall, Kinsman O3

39-155-0011 Trumbull Vienna O3

39-157-0006 Tuscarawas 527 Cresent St. SO2

39-165-0007 Warren 416 Southeast St. O3

39-167-0004 Washington 2000 Fourth St., Marietta O3

39-167-0006 Washington Everready Battery Rd. PB, PM10

39-167-0008 Washington Washington Career Center PB

39-167-0009 Washington 2543 Blue Knob Rd. PB

39-173-0003 Wood 347 Dunbridge Rd. O3

39-175-0008 Wyandot East Noth St. PM10

39-175-0009 Wyandot Greer Rd. PM10

# 128 Acronyms and Abbreviations

AA Atomic Absorption

AIRS-AQS Aerometric Information Retrieval System-Air Quality

Subsystem (no longer used)

AQCR Air Quality Control Region

AQI Air Quality Index (replaced Pollutant Standard Index, PSI)

AQS Air Quality System (replaced AIRS-AQS)

ATMP Air Toxics Monitoring Program

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CO Carbon Monoxide

DAPC Division of Air Pollution Control

DES Division of Environmental Services

DO District Office

EDT Exceptional Data Type

FR Federal Register

GC Gas Chromatograph or Gas Chromatography

GC/MS Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

LAA Local Air Agency

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NADB National Aerometric Databank

NAMS National Ambient Monitoring Station

NO Nitric Oxide

NO 2 

# Nitrogen Dioxide

O 3 

# Ozone

OASN Ohio Air Sampling Network

Org Type Organization Type

Pb Lead

POC Parameter Occurrence Code

ppb parts per billion

ppm parts per million

PM 10 

# also PM-10 ten micron particulate matter

PM 2.5 

# also PM-2.5 2.5 micron particulate matter

PSI Pollutant Standard Index (replaced by Air Quality Index,

AQI)

RADS Remote Ambient-Air Data System

SLAMS State/Local Ambient Monitoring Station

SO 2 

# Sulfur Dioxide

TO-14A Toxics analysis methods descriptions

TSP Total Suspended Particulate

VOC Volatile Organic Carbon

g/m 3 

# also ug/m^3 micrograms per cubic meter

mg/m 3 

# milligrams per cubic meter

ng/m 3 

# nanograms per cubic meter

# Obs Number of observations/samples

# 129 Reporting Organizations

Reporting

Organization

Code Agency Description

0012 Akron Regional Air Pollution Control Agency

0151 Canton City Health Department Air Pollution Control

0220 City of Toledo, Environmental Services Division

0229 Cleveland Air Pollution Control Agency

0287 Dayton Regional Air Pollution Control Agency

0443 Glacier Daido America

0595 Lake County Health Department Division Air Pollution

0634 Mahoning-Trumbull Air Pollution Control Agency

0743 National Lime and Stone Company

0805 Ohio EPA, Central District Office

0806 Ohio EPA, Division of Environmental Services

0807 Ohio EPA, Northeast District Office

0808 Ohio EPA, Northwest District Office

0809 Ohio EPA, Southeast District Office

0810 Ohio EPA, Southwest District Office

0880 Portsmouth City Health Department Division of Air Pollution

Control

1217 Research Triangle Institute RTP, NC

1259 Hamilton County Department of Environmental Services

1265 Hanson Aggregates Midwest, Inc., OH

1299 URSCorp, TX