Exemption Modeling Analysis in 

Support of the Best Available Retrofit 

Technology (BART) Regulations - 

40 CFR 51.300 and Appendix Y 

Prepared for: 

International Paper Augusta Mill 

4278 Mike Padgett Highway 

Augusta, GA 30906 

Prepared by: 

URS Corporation – North Carolina 

1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 

July 28, 2006 
Exemption Modeling Analysis 

in Support of the 

Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) 

Regulations - 40 CFR 51.300 and Appendix Y 

International Paper 

Augusta, Georgia 

Prepared for: 

International Paper – Augusta Mill 

4278 Mike Padgett Highway 

Augusta, Georgia 30906 

Prepared by: 

URS Corporation – North Carolina 

1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 400 

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 

July 28, 2006 
 ii 

Table of Contents 

Page 

1.0 Introduction and Background ......................................................................................... 1

1.1 Objective of BART Exemption Modeling.............................................................. 3 

1.2 Response to Protocol Comments ............................................................................ 4 

1.3 Facility Location and Relevant Class I Areas......................................................... 5 

1.4 Source Impact Evaluation Criteria.......................................................................... 7 

1.5 General Overview of the CALPUFF Modeling System......................................... 7 

2.0 BART Source Descriptions .............................................................................................. 7

2.1 Unit Specific Source Data....................................................................................... 7 

2.2 Tabulated Source Data.......................................................................................... 10 

3.0 Geophysical and Meteorological Data .......................................................................... 12

4.0 CALPUFF Modeling Methodology ............................................................................... 12

4.1 Methodology......................................................................................................... 12 

4.2 CALMET Model Configuration and Application................................................. 12 

4.3 CALPUFF Model Configuration and Application ............................................... 13 

4.3.1 Domain Definition................................................................................... 13 

4.3.2 Model Set-Up .......................................................................................... 15 

4.3.3 Emissions Input Development................................................................. 15 

4.3.4 Additional CALPUFF Input Information and Settings ........................... 15 

5.0 POSTUTIL PROCESSING ........................................................................................... 16

6.0 CALPOST PROCESSING............................................................................................. 16

6.1 Visibility Assessment............................................................................................ 17 

7.0 REPORTING .................................................................................................................. 19

7.1 CALPUFF Modeling Results................................................................................ 19 

8.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 23

Appendices 

Appendix A Emission Rates and Supporting Information 

Appendix B CALFUFF Configuration 

Appendix C CALPOST Configuration 

Appendix D Class I Receptors in Lambert Conformal Coordinates 
 iii 

List of Tables 

Page 

Table 2-1 BART Eligible Emission Units - Point Source Parameters.................................. 10 

Table 2-2 BART Eligible Emission Units - Volume Source Parameters.............................. 11 

Table 6-1 Default Natural Background Concentrations (μg/m3) for Eastern U.S. 

Class I Areas (Source: EPA, 2003, Table 2-1).................................................. 19 

Table 7-1 BART Exemption Modeling Results for Eight Class I Areas .............................. 20 

Table 7-2 Summary of BART Exemption Modeling Results - Three-Year Approach......... 22 

List of Figures 

Figure 1-1 Facility Location Relative to Class I Areas ............................................................ 6 

Figure 4-1 VISTAS CALMET DOMAIN with CALPUFF Sub-domain ............................ 14 
 

Executive Summary 

The International Paper (IP) Augusta Mill has performed a long-range transport modeling 

analysis using the CALPUFF modeling system to demonstrate that air emissions from BARTeligible units at the IP Augusta Mill do not cause or contribute to visibility impairment in any 

Federal Class I area within 300 kilometers of the mill. The modeling analysis was performed 

according to the conservative guidance provided by the Visibility Improvement State and Tribal 

Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) in the Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF 

Model for Analyses of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART), December 22, 2005, 

Revision 3, 7/18/06. 

This report documents the BART exemption modeling procedures and results and demonstrates 

that the IP Augusta Mill should be exempted from any further requirements under the BART 

rule. A summary of the results is presented below. 

Class I Area 

Distance 

(km) From 

Mill to 

Class I Area 

Boundary 

No. of days 

with 

impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I 

Area: 2001 

No. of days 

with 

impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I 

Area: 2002 

No. of days 

with 

impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I 

Area: 2003 

No. of days 

with impact 

>1.0 dv in 

Class I Area 

for 3-yr 

Period 

Max 24-hr 

impact for 

Highest 8th

High Value 

for Any Year 

Max. 24-hr 

impact over 

3-yr period, 

22nd Highest 

Value 

Cohutta 294 0 0 0 0 0.114 0.110 

Cape Romain 219 0 0 0 0 0.211 0.198 

Great Smoky Mt 268 0 0 0 0 0.093 0.085 

Joyce Kilmer 289 0 0 0 0 0.086 0.075 

Linville Gorge 275 0 0 0 0 0.103 0.100 

Okefenokee 254 0 0 0 0 0.157 0.129 

Shining Rock 236 0 0 0 0 0.127 0.118 

Wolf Island 226 0 0 0 0 0.148 0.128 
1 

1.0 Introduction and Background 

International Paper (IP) has retained URS Corporation (URS) to assist in the development of a 

long-range transport modeling analysis using the CALPUFF modeling system to demonstrate 

that air emissions from BART eligible units at the IP Augusta Mill do not cause or contribute to 

visibility impairment in any Federal Class I area within 300 kilometers of the mill. These 

regulatory modeling requirements are briefly defined in 40 CFR 51, Appendix Y. The modeling 

was conducted using the detailed procedures outlined in a common protocol developed by the 

Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) and a “sitespecific” protocol developed by URS and submitted to the Georgia Department of Natural 

Resources, Environmental Protection Division (Georgia DNR) on April 28, 2006. 

Comments and recommendations from Georgia DNR on the “site-specific” protocol have been 

incorporated into this modeling analysis. The following provides a regulatory background of the 

BART regulation and summarizes the modeling procedures used to conduct the BART 

exemption modeling. 

The Clean Air Act established goals for visibility in many national parks and wilderness areas. 

Through the 1977 amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress set a national goal for visibility as 

“the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any existing, impairment of visibility in 

mandatory Class I Federal areas which impairment results from manmade air pollution.” The 

Amendments required EPA to issue regulations to assure “reasonable progress” toward meeting 

the national goal. 

In 1980, EPA promulgated regulations to address the visibility impairment that is “reasonably 

attributable” to a single source or small group of sources. In 1988, the States, Federal Land 

Managers (e.g., National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Bureau of Land Management), and EPA began monitoring of fine particle concentrations and 

visibility in 30 national parks and wilderness areas across the country. 

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 required EPA to take regulatory action on regional haze 

and they proposed the Regional Haze Regulations in July 1997 in conjunction with issuing new 

national ambient air quality standards for fine particulate matter. 

On July 1, 1999, EPA promulgated the final Regional Haze Regulation. The final Regional Haze 

Regulation calls for state and federal agencies to work together to improve visibility in 

156 national parks and wilderness areas in the United States by developing and implementing 

long-term air quality protection plans to reduce the pollution that causes visibility impairment in 

these protected areas. 

The Regional Haze regulation provides States flexibility in determining reasonable progress 

goals for protected areas by conducting certain analyses to ensure that they consider the 

possibility of setting an ambitious reasonable progress goal, one that is aimed at reaching natural 

background conditions by the year 2064. The regulation requires States to establish goals for 

each affected area to (1) improve visibility on the haziest days, and (2) ensure no degradation 

occurs on the clearest days over the period of each implementation plan. 
2 

The Regional Haze regulation also requires States to develop long-term strategies including 

enforceable measures designed to meet reasonable progress goals. The first long-term strategy 

will cover 10 to 15 years, with reassessment and revision of those goals and strategies in 2018 

and every 10 years thereafter. State’s strategies will address their contribution to visibility 

problems in Class I areas both within and outside the State. 

One of the principal elements of the visibility protection provisions of the Clean Air Act 

addresses installation of best available retrofit technology (BART) for certain existing sources. 

“BART-eligible” sources are those sources built between 1962 and 1977 that have the potential 

to emit more than 250 tons per year of one or more visibility-impairing compounds including 

sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs), and that fall within 26 industrial source categories (including Kraft pulp and 

paper manufacturing). 

Soon after the Regional Haze Regulation was finalized, several parties filed petitions to 

challenge the rule with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. In April 2004, EPA 

Administrator Mike Leavitt signed a proposed amendment to the 1999 Regional Haze 

Regulation. The proposed rule satisfied the terms of a May 2002 ruling by the U.S. Court of 

Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, which vacated parts of the BART provisions of the 1999 Regional 

Haze Regulation (American Corn Growers et. al. v. EPA, 291 F. 3d 1 (D.C. cir. 2002)). 

The rule requires states to consider the visibility impacts of an individual facility when 

determining whether they have to install controls. The final BART implementation and guidance 

rule (40 CFR Part 51, Appendix Y) was published on July 6, 2005 and it allows for a BART 

evaluation for any BART-eligible source that “emits any air pollutant which may reasonably be 

anticipated to cause or contribute to any impairment of visibility” in any mandatory Class I 

federal area. 

Pursuant to the rule, States have the option of exempting a BART-eligible source from the 

BART requirements based on dispersion modeling demonstrating that the source cannot 

reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I area. 

Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs), such as the VISTAS have prepared guidance for 

performing the dispersion modeling analyses. According to 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix Y, a 

BART-eligible source is considered to “contribute” to visibility impairment in a Class I area if 

the modeled 98th percentile change in dv is equal to or greater than the “contribution threshold.” 

Any BART-eligible source determined to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in any 

Class I area is subject to a BART evaluation. 

The Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model for Analyses of Best Available Retrofit 

Technology (BART), December 22, 2005, Revision 3, 7/18/06, was prepared by the VISTAS 

RPO to provide some common guidance for performing conservative BART exemption and 

determination modeling evaluations as allowed by the regulation. 

The final BART rule defines a “contribution threshold” of 0.5 dv as the value where a modeled 

BART eligible source may “contribute” to visibility impairment and the threshold to determine 

whether a single source “causes” visibility impairment is set at a 1.0-dv change from natural 

conditions (background visual range) over a 24-hour averaging period in the final BART rule (70 
3 

FR 39118). An approximate 1.0 deciview change was defined by Pitchford and Malm (1992) as 

a “just noticeable change” to the observer when the background visual range equals the line-ofsight (LOS) of the observer. According to L. Willard Richards in “Use of the Deciview Haze 

Index as an Indicator for Regional Haze” if a shorter LOS distance than the background visual 

range (natural conditions) is used in performing the calculations then a higher extinction value, 

or deciview, is needed to cause a “just noticeable change.” In other words, when the LOS is less 

than the background visual range, then it would require a higher deciview value in order to be a 

“just noticeable change.” Since large concentration gradients are expected when modeling single 

sources, it is generally understood that “single-source” visibility impairment modeling include 

some estimate of the change in concentration with distance. However, this is not done using 

current VISTAS modeling guidance. 

The exemption modeling results presented in this report only use the conservative modeling 

approach as defined by the VISTAS protocol by determining the change in extinction at single 

maximum receptors in a Class I area and did not use the a refined modeling line-of-sight or sight 

path approach that is consistent with the definition of the deciview metric. This was done since 

the more conservative VISTAS modeling results produced values below levels of concern at 

each Class I area and the extra time and effort to do LOS modeling would provide little added 

value to the BART exemption analysis. 

1.1 Objective of BART Exemption Modeling 

The objective of this BART exemption modeling analysis is to demonstrate that all BART 

eligible emission units located at the IP Augusta Mill do not cause or contribute to visibility 

impairment in any of the Class I areas located within 300 kilometers of the plant site. The 

VISTAS organization has developed a set of modeling procedures that were used to conduct the 

exemption modeling. These modeling procedures are discussed in the VISTAS document titled; 

Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model for Analyses of Best Available Retrofit 

Technology (BART), December 22, 2005- Revision 3 – 7/18/06. The VISTAS modeling 

procedures and additional refinements are also discussed in a “site-specific” protocol developed 

by URS titled; Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model in Support of the Best 

Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Regulations – 40 CFR 51.300 and Appendix Y, April 28, 

2006. The VISTAS States, including Georgia, have accepted EPA’s guidance to use the 

CALPUFF modeling system to comply with the BART modeling requirements of the regional 

haze rule. 

International Paper has conducted refined CALPUFF modeling to quantify the estimated 

visibility impairment of the mill’s BART-eligible emission units as compared to natural visibility 

conditions. The refined modeling procedures are discussed in this summary report. International 

Paper requests that the GA DNR review this report and provide IP with a notification letter 

stating that the BART exemption request has been approved based on the technical accuracy of 

the modeling approaches used therein. International Paper and URS Corporation are willing to 

discuss these model results in greater detail at any time with the Georgia DNR and supply any 

additional material needed in order to facilitate the review. 
4 

1.2 Response to Protocol Comments 

The Georgia DNR provided comments to IP Augusta regarding the site-specific BART 

exemption modeling protocol on June 23, 2006. The following items respond to the June 1, 2006 

General Comments for all Georgia BART exemption Modeling Protocols from the US EPA. 

Item 1. Rayleigh Scattering and Sea Salt: An adjusted Rayleigh Scattering and the use of a sea salt 

adjustment factor is a reasonable assumption that is based on good science. However, to expedite 

the review process, URS did not include any adjustments for Rayleigh Scattering and sea salts in 

this analysis. 

Item 2. GEP Stack Height: No IP Augusta BART eligible unit has a height greater than 65 meters; 

therefore, this issue does not impact the IP Augusta Mill. 

Item 3. a: Input modeling tables are being provided in this report which include all the 

recommended EPA model settings. b: We have included the basis for the determination of all 

BART eligible units. c: Comment not applicable to IP Augusta. 

Specific EPA Comments on the IP Augusta Mill are addressed below. 

1. Use of 98th percentile for visibility threshold comparison. URS did not conduct any screening 

level CALPUFF modeling. Only refined 4-km modeling was performed, which allows the use of 

98th percentile values. Final modeling results are based on the 98th percentile value for three 

individual years and three years combined. 

2. AERMOD Turbulence-based dispersion. Standard Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) curves were used for 

this BART exemption modeling. 

 

3. Ammonia-Limiting Method: As recommended by the Georgia DNR in the June 23, 2006 

protocol comment letter under item 2, a value of 0.5 ppb for background ammonia was used for all 

modeling. 

4. Alternative methodologies when VISTAS BART Protocol method fails. 

a. Sea Salt and Rayleigh Scattering Adjustments. URS did not make adjustments to the standard 

IMPROVE equation in this modeling submittal. 

b. Line-of-sight (LOS). The LOS approach was not used in this modeling analysis. 

c. URS believes that applying Method 7 or 7 prime would remove yet another conservative 

component from the BART modeling process. However, URS did not conduct any Method 7 or 7 

prime modeling for this analysis. 

d. URS conducted all BART modeling for this analysis using the recommended VISTAS model 

procedures. These standard procedures are discussed in the reminder of this report. 
5 

The following items address the comments in the May 18, 2006 letter from the United States 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (FS) to Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 

Environmental Protection Division. 

With respect to the FS comment on 12 kilometer screening procedures please refer to the URS 

response to the US EPA under specific item 1. 

With respect to the FS comment on the use of ammonia data please refer to the URS response to 

the US EPA under specific item 3. 

LOS modeling technique: LOS was not used in this modeling analysis. 

Method 7: URS did not use Method 7 modeling assumptions in this analysis. 

Relative Humidity, f(RH) and EPRI Coefficients: URS did not use any of these adjustments in this 

analysis. 

This BART exemption modeling analysis was conducted using standard (VISTAS) recommended 

modeling procedures. These procedures are discussed in the remainder of this report. 

1.3 Facility Location and Relevant Class I Areas 

The International Paper Augusta, Georgia pulp and paper mill is located at 4278 Mike Padgett 

Highway near Augusta, Georgia. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates, in 

kilometers (km), for the mill are Zone 17, 411.300 East and 3688.200 North. The approximate 

Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) coordinates are 1390.566 km East and -623.286 km North. 

There are eight (8) Class I areas within 300 kilometers of the Augusta Mill: Cape Romain, 

Okefenokee and Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge Areas, Shining Rock, Linville Gorge, 

Joyce Kilmer/Slickrock and Cohutta Wilderness Areas and the Great Smoky Mountains National 

Park. Figure 1-1 displays the location of the mill and the eight Class I areas. Cape Romain is 

located approximately 219 kilometers east of the mill, Wolf Island is located approximately 226 

kilometers southeast of the mill, Okefenokee is located 254 kilometers south of the mill, Shining 

Rock is located 236 km northwest of the mill, Great Smoky Mountains is located 268 kilometers 

northwest of the mill, Linville Gorge is located 275 kilometers north of the mill, Joyce 

Kilmer/Slickrock is located 289 kilometers northwest of the mill and Cohutta is located 294 

kilometers northwest of the mill. 
6 

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

LCC East (km)

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

LCC North (km)

Mill

FILE NO.

31825278 

URS Corporation – North Carolina 

1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 400 

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 

Telephone (919) 461-1100 Fax (919) 461-1415

SCALE: DRAWN BY: SCL DATE: SCL

AS SHOWN CHECKED BY: DATE:

International Paper, Augusta 

1-2 Facility Location 

Relative to Class I Areas FIG. NO.

1-1
7 

1.4 Source Impact Evaluation Criteria 

To assess whether a BART eligible source is exempt from performing a BART control 

technology evaluation, a two-tiered modeling approach is suggested by VISTAS: a screening 

level analysis which uses 12-km grid data from CALMET with no supporting observational data 

included or a more refined CALMET data with a grid spacing of 4-km with observational data to 

better define a facilities impact. In order to perform the exemption modeling in the most 

efficient manner, URS has skipped the screening level modeling analysis using the 12-km grid 

data and has only used the 4-km refined meteorological data. Using the 4-km data provides a 

more accurate prediction of the mill’s impact on visibility as compared to natural conditions. 

As suggested in VISTAS BART modeling guidance, the CALPUFF/CALPOST models were 

used to estimate a maximum 98th percentile value for visibility impairment during a 24-hour 

averaging period. The higher of the 8th highest individual year or the 22nd highest for the 

three-year modeling period are reported. This value was compared to the EPA/VISTAS 

recommended visibility threshold of 0.5 dv. 

1.5 General Overview of the CALPUFF Modeling System 

The CALPUFF modeling system consists of three main processors: CALMET, CALPUFF and 

CALPOST. CALMET is the meteorological model that generates hourly three-dimensional 

meteorological fields of variables such as wind and temperature. CALPUFF simulates the 

transport, dispersion, and transformation of compounds emitted from a source and calculates 

hourly concentration values for visibility impairing compounds at each receptor located in the 

modeling domain. CALPOST calculates time-averaged concentration values from the 

CALPUFF predictions and performs regional haze calculations like those described in the 

Section 6.1 of this report. 

2.0 BART Source Descriptions 

The IP Augusta Mill is located near Augusta, Georgia, along the Savannah River. The primary 

activities at Augusta Mill are pulp production (Standard Industrial Classification [SIC] code 

2611) and paperboard production (SIC code 2631). The Mill began operations in 1960. Primary 

operations at the mill include multiple fuel-fired boilers, chemical recovery operations, wood 

pulping and bleaching operations, papermaking, and additional operations and equipment 

necessary to support these operations. The facility currently employs about 750 people, and 

produces a nominal 750,000 tons per year of coated bleached board used for greeting cards, 

pharmaceutical and foodservice packaging, and cigarette packaging. 

2.1 Unit Specific Source Data 

The emission estimates used in the CALPUFF model are intended to reflect steady-state operating 

conditions during periods of high capacity utilization. Consistent with the VISTAS common 

protocol, modeled emissions do not include periods of start-up, shutdown, and malfunction. The 

modeling is based on the 24-hour average actual emission rate from the highest emitting day 

during the most recent 3-year period. The following hierarchy for developing the emission 

estimates was used for the IP Augusta mill: 

 
8 

• Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) data; 

• Facility emissions tests; 

• Emission factors; 

• Permit limits; or 

• Potential to emit. 

The Augusta Mill developed emission estimates based on source testing and accepted emission 

factors used for routine annual emissions reporting. In general, the following emission rates 

were used: 

• Short-term (24-hours) allowable emission rates (e.g., emission rates calculated 

using the maximum rated capacity of the source); 

• Federally enforceable short-term limits (24-hours); or 

• Peak 24-hour actual emission rates (or calculated emission rates) from the most 

recent 3-years of operation that account for “high capacity utilization” during 

normal operating conditions and fuel/material flexibility allowed under the 

existing air permit. In situations where a unit is allowed to use more than one 

fuel, the fuel resulting in the highest emission rates was used for the modeling, as 

long as that fuel represented a realistic 24-hour operating scenario. Scenarios 

representing periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction were not modeled. 

Short-term emission rates (24-hours) for SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, and PM10 (including 

condensable and filterable direct PM10) were modeled since visibility changes are calculated for a 

24-hour averaging period. All BART-eligible emission units at the mill that emit these 

compounds were modeled together in the CALPUFF model. 

Listed below is a brief description of all the BART-eligible emission units at the mill: 

• No. 2 Power Boiler (PB2A): This boiler fires pulverized coal, No. 6 fuel oil, natural 

gas, and used oil. The No. 2 Power Boiler also serves as a backup control device for 

the non-condensable gas (NCG) system. The No. 2 Power Boiler nominal 

throughput is 532 MMBtu/hr when firing pulverized coal, 600 MMBtu/hr when 

firing No. 6 fuel oil, and 677 MMBtu/hr when firing natural gas. The unit is 

controlled by an electrostatic precipitator. 

• No. 2 Recovery Boiler (RB2A): This direct contact evaporator (DCE) recovery 

boiler fires black liquor solids, with No. 6 fuel oil or natural gas as auxiliary fuels. 

The No. 2 Recovery Boiler nominal throughput is 2.0 million pounds of black liquor 

solids per day, 460 MMBtu/hr when firing No. 6 fuel oil during periods of SSM or 

low BLS throughput, and 100 MMBtu/hr of natural gas. The unit is controlled by an 

electrostatic precipitator. 

• No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tank (ST2A): This smelt dissolving tank receives smelt from 

the No. 2 Recovery Boiler. This unit is controlled by a wet scrubber. 

• No. 2 Paper Machine (PM2A): This paper machine is equipped with 28 infrared (IR) 

heaters (1.1 MMBtu/hr each) and 2 aircap heaters (rated at 3.4 and 8.0 MMBtu/hr) 

that are natural gas fired. 
9 

• No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer (CAU1): The No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer has a maximum 

throughput of 13 tons CaO per hour. The slaker vent duct is equipped with a liquid 

spray nozzle, but this is not considered a formal air pollution control device. 

The following BART-eligible units do not emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, or PM10 and were not 

modeled. 

• No. 2 A/B Filtrate Tank (2ABF) 

• No. 2 Brownstock Washer and Screens (BSW2) 

• No. 2 Evaporators (EV2A) 

• No. 2 Green Liquor Clarifier (GLC2) 

• No. 1 Black Liquor Pond (BLP1) – Closed in 2006 

The Riley Auxiliary Boiler (RLYA) was recently excluded from the list of BART-eligible 

emission units because it is a backup boiler with heat input less than 250 MMBtu. It is not 

integral to the process. The Riley Auxiliary Boiler fires No. 2 fuel oil or natural gas and is 

permitted to operate only when one of the primary boilers or recovery boilers is offline. The 

Riley Boiler’s nominal throughput is 220 MMBtu/hr. 

Appendix A provides information on how the list of BART-eligible units was developed and 

presents the emission rate calculations for the BART-eligible units that emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4

mist, or PM10. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 provide detailed stack parameter information for the modeled 

BART-eligible emission units at the mill. 
10 

2.2 Tabulated Source Data 

TABLE 2-1

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS - POINT SOURCE PARAMETERS

INTERNATIONAL PAPER, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA 

URS PROJECT NO. 31825278 

UTM UTM LCC LCC Base Stack 

Model Source Easting Northing Easting Northing Elevation Height Temperatur

ID Description (m) (m) (km) (km) (m) (m) (°K) 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler 411316.00 3688176.25 1390.566 -623.286 48.0 60.96 518.7 

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler 411375.41 3688129.25 1390.566 -623.286 48.0 60.96 430.93 

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tank 411313.84 3688110.25 1390.566 -623.286 48.0 39.40 336.7 

CAU1 No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer 411373.9 3688026.5 1390.566 -623.286 48.0 11.58 293.0 
11 

TABLE 2-2 

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS - VOLUME SOURCE PARAMETERS 

INTERNATIONAL PAPER, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA 

URS PROJECT NO. 31825278 

UTM UTM LCC LCC Base Release 

Model Source Easting Northing Easting Northing Elevation Height 

ID Description (m) (m) (km) (km) (m) (m) 

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine 411142.09 3688250.00 1390.566 -623.286 48.0 19.5 
12 

3.0 Geophysical and Meteorological Data 

URS used the geophysical and meteorological data developed by VISTAS for the 4-km BART 

exemption modeling. The development of this information was discussed in detail in the 

VISTAS common protocol. 

4.0 CALPUFF Modeling Methodology 

CALPUFF modeling was conducted using the 4-km data in order to efficiently and more 

accurately demonstrate that the IP Augusta Mill does not cause or contribute to visibility 

impairment in any Class I area and thus is exempt from the BART rule. The modeling methods 

described in this section were used to identify specific Class I areas that might be most affected 

by emissions from the BART eligible emission units located at the IP Augusta Mill. It needs to 

be noted that the CALPUFF modeling used all recommended data that was publicly available on 

April 1, 2006. Background concentrations for SO4 and TNO3 from CMAQ (2001-2003) annual 

runs were not publicly available on that date; therefore, URS could not include this information 

in the CALPUFF runs and still meet Georgia DNR submittal deadlines. 

CALPUFF modeling was performed using the standard set of default meteorological, air quality 

and dispersion conditions that have been developed by VISTAS for the 4-km gridded CALMET 

domain number five. It is our understanding that these data were developed to be consistent with 

recommendations developed by the Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM, 

1998) and FLAG (2000). 

4.1 Methodology 

This analysis was performed using the CALPUFF model with three years of meteorological data 

developed by VISTAS along with the standard compliment of model algorithms invoked. URS 

evaluated the 98th percentile impacts since 4-km data is being used for the analysis and this 

percentile is recommended under 40 CFR 51, Appendix Y. 

The regional haze impacts at each applicable Class I area were calculated from the daily 

visibility values for each receptor by determining the change in deciviews compared against 

natural visibility conditions. EPA’s “Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions 

Under the Regional Haze Rule,” EPA-454/B03-005 (September 2003) lists recommended natural 

visibility conditions. To determine whether IP Augusta may reasonably be anticipated to cause 

or contribute to visibility impairment at a nearby Class I area, the impacts predicted by 

CALPUFF were compared against the pertinent natural visibility background and the threshold 

that has been selected. 

4.2 CALMET Model Configuration and Application 

Sections 4.3.2 and 4.4.2 within the VISTAS common protocol discuss in detail the model 

configurations used to generate the common CALMET meteorological files for modeling BART 

eligible sources. The configuration is reported to follow the IWAQM recommendations 

(EPA, 1998, Appendix A), except as noted in the protocol. For CALPUFF modeling there is no 

need to compile CALMET inputs, run the CALMET model or evaluate the outputs. 
13 

The model-ready meteorological data sets have been developed by VISTAS for one large 

regional domain and five smaller sub-regional domains. The IP Augusta Mill is located in subregional domain number 4 depicted in the VISTAS common protocol. Figure 4-1 displays the 

configuration of the regional domain and the size and location of the smaller CALPUFF 

modeling domain used in the analysis. 

4.3 CALPUFF Model Configuration and Application 

URS used the newly released VISTAS version of the CALPUFF modeling system version 5.754. 

This version contains enhancements funded by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and 

VISTAS. This version includes CALMET, CALPUFF, CALPOST, CALSUM, POSTUTIL, and 

CALVIEW, and it was obtained from the CALPUFF website. 

All CALPUFF modeling used the standard P-G curves. The sequence of model processors for 

all modeling was CALPUFF then CALPOST. POSTUTIL was not used to conduct ALM 

modeling since very little benefits (lower predicted concentrations) were seen from using the 

ALM procedures for this facility. POSTUTIL also was not used for particle size modeling since 

all particulate matter (PM) was assumed to be in the 0.48 micron category and this greatly 

speeded up the modeling process by being able to go directly from CALPUFF to CALPOST by 

simply defining the PM components in terms of coarse, soil, elemental carbon and secondary 

organic aerosol. Not using POSTUTIL for ALM or PM particle size modeling is a conservative 

process (may produce slightly higher impacts). Initial tests using POSTUTIL showed this to be 

the case. The total contribution to visibility impairment from PM emissions is relatively minor 

when compared to the contributions from nitrates and sulfates. This can be seen by examining 

the CALPOST output files. CALMET and associated preprocessors are not discussed since 

VISTAS performed these model runs. 

4.3.1 Domain Definition 

The meteorological modeling data sets cover three contiguous years (2001, 2002, and 2003) and 

have been resolved to a 4-km horizontal resolution grid using MM5 data. Details of the 

modeling domains and the meteorological databases for 2001, 2002, and 2003 are discussed in 

detail in the VISTAS common protocol. 

Receptor Network and Class I Receptors. Discrete receptor coordinate data for the eight Federal 

Class I areas within 300 km of the source were developed using the National Park Service (NPS) 

Convert Class I Areas (NCC) computer program. The receptor elevations provided by the NPS 

were used for modeling. All receptors for each Class I area were included in single CALPUFF 

simulations. There are 110 receptors listed for Shining Rock, 745 receptors for the Great Smoky 

Mountains, 66 receptors for Linville Gorge, 101 receptors for Joyce Kilmer/Slickrock 

220 receptors for the Cohutta Class I area, 164 receptors for Cape Romain, 30 receptors for Wolf 

Island and 490 receptors for the Okefenokee Class I area. Appendix D contains a listing of the 

Lambert Conformal coordinates for each Class I area with the associated receptor heights. 
14 

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

LCC East (km)

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

LCC North (

km)

Mill

FILE NO.

31825278 

URS Corporation – North Carolina 

1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 400 

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 

Telephone (919) 461-1100 Fax (919) 461-1415

FIG. NO.

SCALE: DRAWN BY: SCL DATE: SCL

AS SHOWN CHECKED BY: DATE:

International Paper - Augusta 

VISTAS 

CALMET DOMAIN 

with CALPUFF 

Sub-domain 

4-1 
15 

4.3.2 Model Set-Up 

The modeling used a CALPUFF computational domain that includes all applicable Class I areas 

within 300 km of the source and a 50-kilometer buffer around applicable Class I areas and the 

mill. The size and location of the 4-km CALPUFF computational domains is shown in 

Figure 4-1. 

As depicted in Figure 4-1, the CALPUFF modeling domain is a subset of the larger regional and 

sub-regional CALMET meteorological domains. A smaller CALPUFF domain is being used to 

reduce the CALPUFF run times. The CALPUFF 4-km sub domain is approximately 612 km in 

the east/west direction and 684 km in the north/south direction. Using a 4-km grid spacing from 

the CALMET files, this would relate to 153 x 171 grid squares. Appendix B contains a summary 

of the input options selected when performing CALPUFF modeling. 

4.3.3 Emissions Input Development 

Emissions from the facility include SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, and PM10 (including condensable and 

filterable in the form of coarse, soil, elemental carbon, and secondary organic aerosol PM). 

Emissions Speciation. URS used the example spreadsheets supplied by VISTAS and the 

CMAQ speciation profiles available on EPA’s website for PM speciation. Appendix A provides 

detailed information on PM speciation for the BART-eligible units. 

Condensable Emissions. Condensable emissions were considered primary fine particulate 

matter. Appendix A provides detailed information on condensable and filterable PM emissions 

from the BART-eligible units. 

Size Classification of Primary PM Emissions. As a conservative modeling assumption all PM 

was modeled in the 0.48 micron category. This is due to the fact that the non-hygroscopic PM 

has a relatively minor impact on visibility impairment based information from CALPOST. 

4.3.4 Additional CALPUFF Input Information and Settings 

CALPUFF Model Options. The model options, parameter settings, and ‘switches’ for 

exercising CALPUFF for BART modeling are discussed below. Appendix B contains tables that 

list the default and the actual modeled configurations used for the BART modeling. The default 

configurations are from the IWAQM Phase 2 Report (EPA, 1998). 

Visibility Modeling Domain. The CALPUFF domain was configured to include the source and 

all Class I areas within 300 km. An additional 50-km buffer zone was established in each 

cardinal direction from the source and Class I area. 

Building Downwash. Building and structure information was not included. 

 Puff Dispersion. Based on recent guidance from EPA and VISTAS the current default P-G 

dispersion curves were used for CALPUFF modeling. 

Puff Representation. The default integrated puff sampling methodology was used in 

CALPUFF. 

Puff Splitting. There is no quantitative evidence that the horizontal and vertical puff-splitting 

algorithms in CALPUFF yield improved accuracy and precision in model estimates of inert or 
16 

linearly reactive compounds although conceptually the methods are appealing because they 

mimic lateral and vertical wind speed and direction shears. Therefore puff splitting was not 

invoked. 

Chemical Mechanism. The MESOPUFF II module was used for BART modeling. For the 

aqueous phase conversion of SO2 to sulfate (important when the plume interacts with clouds and 

fog), the IWAQM defaults were used, i.e., nighttime SO2 loss rate (RNITE1) is assumed to be 

0.2 percent per hour. The nighttime NOx loss rate (RNITE2) and HNO3 formation rate 

(RNITE3) are both set to 2.0 percent per hour. 

Particulate matter emissions by size category were combined into the appropriate species for the 

visibility analysis. These species include (a) elemental carbon (EC), (b) fine PM or “soil” 

(<2.5 μm in diameter), (c) coarse PM (between 2.5-10 μm in diameter), and (d) organics, 

referred to as secondary organic aerosols in the CALPOST postprocessor. 

Background Ozone Concentrations. Ozone concentration data for 2001-2003 from ambient 

AIRS/CASNET monitors located within the particular domain being modeled were used to 

develop background estimates. Only non-urban ozone stations were used in the OZONE.DAT 

file. Monthly average ozone background values was computed for the Class I area that had the 

highest ozone measurements in the domain which was Shinning Rock. The values represent the 

daytime average ozone concentrations (6 am to 6 pm average). 

Background Ammonia Concentrations. A constant (0.5 ppb) value was used for ammonia. 

Other Background Concentrations. Concentrations of SO4 and TNO3 (HNO3 + NO3) from 

CMAQ 2001-2003 were not made available in time to be included in the modeling submittal. In 

a borderline modeling situation this could be an important component. However, the current 

modeling results indicate that this data would need to have a major impact to change the 

conclusions given in this report. Georgia DNR or VISTAS may wish to include this data for 

completeness after the submittal date should data became available. 

5.0 POSTUTIL PROCESSING 

No POSTUTIL processing was conducted due to the limited benefits on modeling results. Not 

using the POSTUTIL program adds a slightly higher degree of conservatism to the modeling 

results but greatly speeds up the time needed to evaluate the modeling results. Initial testing 

using POSTUTIL for ALM and particle size modeling indicated only slightly lower values in 

visibility impacts. 

6.0 CALPOST PROCESSING 

CALPOST Parameters. Appendix B summarizes the CALPOST post-processor options, 

parameters, and switches. Tables are presented containing the actual and default configurations 

for the BART modeling. All Class I receptors were included in a single CALPUFF simulation, 

URS has calculated the visibility impacts in CALPOST for each Class I area separately using the 

NDRECP parameter. It specifies the receptor range to be processed in CALPOST. Given the 

importance of the CALPOST processor to the entire BART visibility estimation a brief overview 

of how CALPOST calculates visibility impacts is presented in the following section. 
17 

6.1 Visibility Assessment 

The recommended procedure for quantifying visibility impacts is described in detail in the 

VISTAS common protocol. The key point is that the light extinction coefficient (bext) can be 

calculated from the IMPROVE Equation as: 

bext = 3 f(RH) [(NH4)2SO4] + 3 f(RH) [NH4NO3] + 4[OC] + 1[Soil] 

+ 0.6[Coarse Mass] + 10[EC] + bray 

The monthly site-specific f(RH) values were obtained for each mandatory Federal Class I Area 

from Table A-3 in the EPA (2003) guidance document. Then, the haze index (HI), in deciviews, 

was calculated in terms of the extinction coefficient via: 

HI = 10 ln (bext/10) 

The change in visibility (measured in terms of ‘delta-deciviews’) were compared against 

background conditions. The delta-deciview, .dv, value was calculated from the IP Augusta Mill’s 

contribution to extinction, bsource, and background extinction, bbackground, as follows: 

dv = 10 ln ({bbackground+ bsource}/ bbackground) 

If the dv value is greater than the 0.5 dv threshold, then IP Augusta could contribute to visibility 

impairment and may be subject to BART controls. If not, IP Augusta will be BART-exempt. 

Visibility Impacts from BART-Eligible Sources

Visibility Impact Method. CALPOST was run using Method 6 (MVISBK=6) for calculating 

extinction. That is, monthly f(RH) adjustment factors were applied directly to the background 

and modeled sulfate and nitrate concentrations, as recommended in the BART guidelines. Note 

that the RHMAX parameter (the maximum relative humidity factor used in the particle growth 

equation) is not used when Method 6 is selected. Similarly, the relative humidity adjustment 

factor (f(RH)) curves in CALPOST (e.g., IWAQM/FLAG/EPA growth curves) are not used 

when MVISBK is equal to 6. f(RH) is taken directly from EPA documentation. 

Monthly average Class I area-specific relative humidity values were employed in the extinction 

analysis (EPA, 2003, Table A-3). Species considered include SO4, NO3, EC, SOA (i.e., 

condensable organic emissions), soil, and coarse PM. With Method 6, background extinction 

coefficients are computed from EPA (2003) monthly estimates of concentrations of ammonium 

sulfate (BKSO4), ammonium nitrate (BKNO3), coarse particulates (BKPMC), organic carbon 

(BKOC), soil (BKSOIL), and elemental carbon (BKEC). Values for these coefficients are listed 

in CALPOST input group 2 contained in Appendix C. The extinction due to Rayleigh scattering 

(i.e., the scattering of light by natural particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light) 

was set to 10 Mm-1 (BEXTRAY = 10.0) for all modeled Class I areas. 

Natural Background Light Extinction. The Appendix Y BART guidance recommends that 

visibility impacts should be evaluated against ‘natural’ background conditions. EPA (2003) 

describes the calculation of the annual average background extinction (in 1/Mm) for a Class I 

area using the area's annual f(RH) and average natural concentrations based on the area's 

geographic location. Annual average background extinction values (in 1/Mm) are converted to 
18 

annual average Haze Index (HI) values (in deciview or dv). The average HI value is for the 20% 

best visibility days (Best Days (dv)) is estimated from 10th percentile of the annual average HI 

value for a Class I area assuming a normal distribution. Thus, no average natural concentrations 

are provided for determining extinction for the 20% best visibility days. EPA maintains that the 

above definition of natural visibility baseline as the 20% best visibility days is likely to be 

reasonably conservative and consistent with the Regional Haze Rule goal of natural conditions. 

There are major technical issues with this approach: (a) the same concentrations assumed at all 

Class I areas in the East or West, (b) the same concentrations assumed to occur every month of 

the year, and (c) fine sea salt and associated water is not included. Also, in the calculation of 

20% best visibility days, the same frequency distribution is assumed for every Class I area in the 

East or in the West. In other words, ‘one size fits all’ (Tombach, 2004). But this really is not the 

case. 

The background extinction computation with Method 6 in CALPOST involves user-supplied 

monthly concentrations of SO4, NO3, PM coarse, organic carbon, soil, and elemental carbon 

species. In practice, concentrations for only 2 species, SO4 ([BKSO4]) and soil ([BKSOIL]), are 

frequently supplied in the CALPOST input file to represent hygroscopic and non-hygroscopic 

portions of background extinction, respectively. Furthermore, the species concentrations are 

held constant over the annual cycle (i.e., no daily, monthly, or seasonal variation). Finally, the 

EPA natural background default values are defined separately for the eastern and western U.S. 

result in natural background extinction values that vary spatially and temporally only in response 

to the spatial distribution and monthly variation of climatologically-representative relative 

humidity values (EPA, 2003, Table A-3). Thus, the default definition of natural conditions does 

not take into account meteorologically caused visibility impairment. 

Based on recent regulatory rulings, URS has opted to use the annual average method for 

calculating natural background conditions. The components for the Eastern U.S. are provided in 

Table 6-1 and were input to the CALPOST model. 

Impact Threshold. The EPA BART guidance recommends that the threshold value for defining 

whether a source “contributes” to visibility impairment is 0.5-dv change from natural conditions. 

When 98th percentile modeling is conducted the highest modeled delta deciview value for each 

modeling day is determined by using CALPOST. The higher, of the 8th highest value for each 

year or the 22nd highest over the three year period value is compared to the 0.5-dv contribution 

threshold value. If the value exceeds the “contribution” threshold of 0.5-dv, the source will be 

subject to a BART evaluation. If the value is less than the “contribution” threshold 0.5-dv, the 

source is exempted from the BART requirements. 

Since the current regulatory version of CALPOST does not generate 98th percentile results for a 

three-year period, URS used a simple spreadsheet to determine the 22nd highest values for the 

three year period by importing the needed information from the CALPOST output file. 
19 

Table 6-1 

Default Natural Background Concentrations (μg/m3) for Eastern U.S. 

Class I Areas (Source: EPA, 2003, Table 2-1) 

Average Naturala

Concentration

East (μg/m3)

Error 

Factor

Dry Extinction 

Efficiency (m2/g)

Ammonium sulfateb 0.23 2 3 

Ammonium nitrate 0.10 2 3 

Organic carbon massc 1.40 2 4 

Elemental carbon 0.02 2-3 10 

Soil 0.50 1 1⁄2 -2 1 

Coarse Mass 3.0 1 1⁄2 -2 0.6 a

 After Trijonis (1990) 

b Values adjusted to represent chemical S3 species in current IMPROVE light extinction algorithm; 

Trijonis estimates were 0.1 μg /m3 and 0.2 μg/m3 of ammonium bisulfate. c Values adjusted to represent chemical species in current IMPROVE light extinction algorithm; Trijonis 

estimates were 0.5 μg/m3

 and 1.5 μg/m3 of organic compounds. 

7.0 REPORTING 

7.1 CALPUFF Modeling Results 

The CALPUFF modeling results are summarized in Tables 7-1 and 7-2. The format of the tables 

was taken directly from the VISTAS common protocol. The modeling results clearly indicate 

that the IP Augusta Mill BART eligible units do not cause or contribute to any visibility 

impairment in any Class I area within 300 kilometers of the facility. Based on the modeling 

information and results presented in this report, IP Augusta requests that the Georgia DNR 

review this modeling submittal for completeness and respond with a letter stating that the 

Augusta facility is exempt from any additional BART regulatory requirements. 

Included with this report is a CD that includes the full set of CALPUFF inputs and output files as 

well as other post-processor files used to generate the results. As indicated in the VISTAS 

common protocol, regional CALPUFF-ready meteorological files are not being supplied. The 

modeling information being supplied should be sufficient to allow an independent modeler to 

fully corroborate the CALPUFF modeling results. 
20 

Table 7-1 

BART Exemption Modeling Results 

for Eight Class I Areas 

IP Augusta Mill 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003

 Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

0.145 0.203 0.323 

0.136 0.199 0.191 

0.125 0.198 0.168 

0.116 0.169 0.161 

0.111 0.129 0.157 

0.110 0.127 0.153 

0.089 0.118 0.114 

Cohutta 

0.088 0.111 0.114 

0.435 0.333 0.369 

0.337 0.306 0.311 

0.276 0.278 0.268 

0.241 0.263 0.246 

0.229 0.250 0.242 

0.222 0.242 0.227 

0.178 0.224 0.220 

Cape Romain 

0.177 0.198 0.211 

0.178 0.364 0.214 

0.158 0.160 0.176 

0.113 0.151 0.176 

0.092 0.131 0.137 

0.084 0.092 0.114 

0.079 0.090 0.108 

0.074 0.087 0.094 

Great Smoky 

0.072 0.085 0.093 

0.128 0.321 0.242 

0.095 0.134 0.124 

0.090 0.094 0.118 

0.088 0.090 0.111 

0.082 0.088 0.107 

0.079 0.086 0.093 

0.073 0.084 0.086 

Joyce Kilmer 

0.069 0.075 0.086 
21 

Table 7-1, continued 

BART Exemption Modeling Results 

for Eight Class I Areas 

IP Augusta Mill 

Class I Area 2001 2002 2003

 Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

Delta-Deciview 

Rank 1-8 

0.237 0.338 0.216 

0.232 0.134 0.157 

0.223 0.123 0.136 

0.220 0.119 0.125 

0.171 0.118 0.122 

0.157 0.101 0.110 

0.145 0.100 0.101 

Linville Gorge 

0.103 0.094 0.098 

0.264 0.335 0.257 

0.204 0.319 0.221 

0.165 0.268 0.198 

0.155 0.254 0.161 

0.125 0.197 0.158 

0.125 0.164 0.151 

0.113 0.160 0.140 

Okefenokee 

0.107 0.157 0.129 

0.257 0.384 0.270 

0.165 0.190 0.192 

0.154 0.185 0.172 

0.130 0.168 0.157 

0.118 0.152 0.137 

0.110 0.128 0.136 

0.107 0.124 0.128 

Shining Rock 

0.091 0.107 0.127 

0.325 0.241 0.324 

0.269 0.177 0.314 

0.197 0.175 0.299 

0.135 0.172 0.141 

0.128 0.168 0.139 

0.120 0.168 0.138 

0.104 0.157 0.124 

Wolf Island 

0.095 0.148 0.121 
22 

Table 7-2 

Summary of BART Exemption Modeling Results 

 Three-Year Approach 

IP Augusta Mill 

Class I Area 

Distance 

(km) From 

Source to 

Class I Area 

Boundary 

No. of days 

with impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I Area: 

2001 

No. of days 

with impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I Area: 

2002 

No. of days 

with impact 

>0.5 dv in 

Class I Area: 

2003 

No. of days 

with impact > 

1.0 dv in 

Class I Area 

for 3-yr 

Period 

Max. 24-hr 

impact over 

3-yr period 

22nd Highest 

Cohutta 294 0 0 0 0 0.110 

Cape Romain 219 0 0 0 0 0.198 

Great Smoky Mt 268 0 0 0 0 0.085 

Joyce Kilmer 289 0 0 0 0 0.075 

Linville Gorge 275 0 0 0 0 0.100 

Okefenokee 254 0 0 0 0 0.129 

Shining Rock 236 0 0 0 0 0.118 

Wolf Island 226 0 0 0 0 0.128 
23 

8.0 REFERENCES

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Available Retrofit Technology (BART), December 22, 2005, Revision 3 – 7/17/06 

CDPHE, 2005. CALMET/CALPUFF BART Protocol for Class I Federal Area Individual Source 

Attribution Visibility Impairment Modeling Analysis, prepared by the Air Pollution Control 

Division, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO. 

Earth Tech, Inc., 2002. “Application of CALMET/CALPUFF and MESOPUFF II to Compare 

Regulatory Design Concentrations for a Typical Long-Range Transport Analysis”, prepared for 

U.S. EPA, prepared by Earth Tech, Inc, Concord, MA. 

EPA, 1995. “Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM): Assessment of Phase 

1 Recommendations Regarding the Use of MESOPUFF II”, EPA- 54/R-95-006. Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 

NC 27711. 

EPA, 1998b. “An Analysis of the CALMET/CALPUFF Modeling System in a Screening Mode.” 

EPA-454/R-98-010. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. 

EPA, 1998c. “A Comparison of CALPUFF with ISC3.” EPA-454/R-98-020. Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle 

Park, NC 27711. 

EPA, 1998d. Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long Range 

Transport and Impacts. Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM). EPA454/R98-019, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC. 

EPA. 1998e. “Response to Peer Review Comments of CALMET/CALPUFF Modeling System.” 

Research Triangle Park, NC. November. 

EPA. 1999. “Response to Peer Review Comments of the Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality 

Modeling Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long Range Transport 

Impacts.” Research Triangle Park, NC. February. 

EPA. 1999. Regional Haze Regulations; Final Rule. Federal Register, 64, 357 13-35774. 

EPA, 2003. Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze 

Rule. EPA-454/B-03-005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

EPA, 2005. Regional Haze Regulations and Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit Technology 

(BART) Determinations. Federal Register, 70 (128), Wednesday, July 6, 2005. 

 

Escoffier-Czaja, C., and J. Scire. 2002: The Effects of Ammonia Limitation on Nitrate Aerosol 

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on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology, Norfolk, VA. May 2002. 
24 

Escoffier-Czaja, C., and J. Scire. 2005: Comments on the Computation of Nitrate Using the 

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Federal Register. 2003. 40 CFR Part 51. “Revisions to the Guidelines on Air Quality Models: 

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FLAG 2000. “Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Workgroup (FLAG)”: 

Phase I Report. USDI – National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Denver, CO. 

Garrison, M., A. Gray, S.T. Rao, M. Scruggs, 1999. “Peer Review of the Interagency Workgroup 

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Irwin, J.S., 1998b. “Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM): Phase 2 

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Irwin, J.S. and J.P. Notar. 2001. Long-range-transport screening technique using CALPUFF. 

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Grell, G.A., J. Dudhia, and D.R. Stauffer, 1995: A Description of the Fifth Generation Penn 

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IWAQM. 1998. Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) Phase 2 Summary 

Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long-Range Transport and Impacts on Regional 

Visibility. EPA-454/R-98-019. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Part, NC. 

Tonnesen G.S., R.E. Morris, M. Uhl, K. Briggs, J. Vimont and T. Moore. 2003. “The WRAP 

Regional Modeling Center – Application and Evaluation of Regional Visibility Models” 

presented at 96th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management 

Association, San Diego, California.

Tombach, I., 2004. “Options for Estimating Natural Background Visibility in the VISTAS 

Region”, prepared for the VISTAS Technical Analysis Work Group (TAWG), 15 January. 

Tombach, I., and P. Brewer, 2005. Natural background visibility and regional haze goals in the 

Southeastern United States. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. (in press). 

Tombach, I., P. Brewer, T. Rogers, and C. Arrington, 2005a. “BART modeling protocol for 

VISTAS: First Draft”, 22 March. 
25 

Tombach, I., P. Brewer, T. Rogers, C. Arrington, J. Scire 2005b. “Protocol for the application of 

the CALPUFF model for analyses of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART): VISTAS 

second draft”, 22 August. 

Scire, J., I. Tombach, et al. 2005. Protocol for the application of the CALPUFF model for 

analyses of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART): (VISTAS third draft), Prepared for the 

Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS), Prepared by 

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Scire, J.S., D.G. Strimaitis, and R.J. Yamartino, 2000a: A User’s Guide for the CALPUFF 

Dispersion Model (Version 5). Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA. 

Scire, J.S., F.R. Robe, M.E. Fernau, and R.J. Yamartino, 2000b: A User’s Guide for the 

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Scire, J.S., Z-X Wu, D.G. Strimaitis and G.E. Moore, 2001: The Southwest Wyoming Regional 

CALPUFF Air Quality Modeling Study – Volume I. Prepared for the Wyoming Dept of 

Environmental Quality. Available from Earth Tech, Inc., 196 Baker Avenue, Concord, MA. 

McNally, D. E., 2003. “Annual Application of MM5 for Calendar Year 2001.” Prepared for the 

U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Prepared by Alpine Geophysics, LLC, 

Arvada, CO. 178 pp. 

McNally, D. E., and T. W. Tesche, 2002. “Annual Meteorological Modeling Protocol: Annual 

Application of the MM5 to the Continental United States”, prepared for the EPA Office of Air 

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Ryan, P., D. Lowenthal and N. Kumar, 2004: Light Extinction Reconstruction in IMPROVE. 

Presented at the A&WMA Specialty Conference on Regional and Global Perspectives in Haze: 

Causes, Consequences and Controversies, Asheville, NC, 26-29 October 2004. 

Johnson, M. T., 2003b. Iowa DNR 2002 Annual MM5 Modeling Project. Presented at the August 

11th, 2003 CENRAP Workgroup Meeting in Bloomington, Minnesota. 

Johnson, M. T., 2005. CALPUFF Modeling Protocol in Support of Best Available Retrofit 

Technology Determinations”, Prepared by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Air 

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LADCo, 2005. “Single Source Modeling to Support Regional Haze BART: Version 3”, Prepared 

by the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO), Des Plaines, IL. 

Levy, J., J. Spengler, D, Hlinka, D. Sullivan, and D. Moon, 2002. Using CALPUFF to evaluate 

the impacts of power plant emissions in Illinois: model sensitivity and implications. Atmospheric 

Environment. 36 (6). 1063-1075. 
26 

Morris, R., C. Tana, and G. Yarwood, 2003. “Evaluation of the Sulfate and Nitrate Formation 

Mechanism in the CALPUFF Modeling System”, Proceedings of the A&WMA Specialty 

Conference --Guideline on Air Quality Models: The Path Forward. Mystic, CT. 22-24 October. 

Morris, R.E., B. Koo, T.W. Tesche, C. Loomis, G. Stella, G. Tonnesen, and Z. Wang. 2004a. 

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(http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/vistas/vistas2/)

MPCA, 2005. “Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Modeling Protocol to Determine 

Sources Subject to BART in the State of Minnesota”, prepared by the Minnesota Pollution 

Control Agency, St. Paul, MN. 

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Dakota”, prepared by the North Dakota Department of Health, Division of Air Quality, 

Bismarck, ND. 

NPS, 1993. “Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) Phase 1 Report: 

Interim Recommendation for Modeling Long Range Transport And Impacts On Regional 

Visibility”, EPA-454/R-93-015, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Support 

Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

Scire, J.S. and F.R. Robe, 1997: Fine-Scale Application of the CALMET Meteorological Model 

to a Complex Terrain Site. Paper 97-A1313. Air & Waste Management Association 90th Annual 

Meeting & Exhibition, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8-13 June 1997. 

Scire, J.S., F.W. Lurmann, A. Bass and S.R. Hanna, 1983: Development of the MESOPUFF II 

Dispersion Model. EPA-600/3-84-057, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research 

Triangle Park, NC. 
APPENDIX A – Emission Rates and Supporting Information 
International Paper-Augusta Mill Emission Unit BART Eligibility Determination

EMISSION

UNIT ID

EMISSION

UNIT

DESCRIPTION

BART

ELIGIBLE & 

Modeled

Started 

Operation 

Between 

8/7/1962 and 

8/7/1977 Comments

DIG1 No. 1 Digester

Removed from Service under permit 2361-245-0006-V02-0

DIG2 No. 2 Digester NSPS/PSD Rebuild 1989

DIG3 No. 3 Digester

BSW1 No. 1 Pulp washer & screens

Removed from Service under permit 2361-245-0006-V02-0

BSW2 No. 2 Pulp washer & screens X Does Not emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, or PM-10

BSW3 No. 3 Pulp washer & screens

BP1A No. 1 Bleach Plant

BP2A No. 2 Bleach Plant Reconstructed 1998 for ECF

BP3A No. 3 Bleach Plant

PM1A No. 1 Paper Machine

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine X X Modeled

PM3A No. 3 Paper Machine PSD Rebuild 1990

EV1A No. 1 Evaporator Set

EV2A No. 2 Evaporator Set X Does Not emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, or PM-10

EV3A No. 3 Evaporator Set

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler X X Modeled

RB3A No. 3 Recovery Boiler

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tnk X X Modeled

ST3A No. 3 Smelt Dissolving Tnk

LK1A No. 1 Lime Kiln

LK2A No. 2 Lime Kiln

LS1A No. 1 Lime Silo

LS3A No. 3 Lime Silo

CAU1 No. 1 Slaker/Causticizers X X Modeled

CAU2 No. 2 Slaker/Causticizers

GLC2 No. 2 GL Clarifier X Does Not emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, or PM-10

GLC3 No. 3 GL Clarifier

PCF1 No. 1 Precoat Mud Filters

PCF2 No. 2 Precoat Mud Filters

WLF1 No. 1 WL & Mud Filters

WLF2 No. 2 WL & Mud Filters

PB1A No. 1 Power Boiler

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler X X Modeled

PB3A No. 3 Power Boiler

RLYA Package Boiler X

Exemption <250 mmBTU/hr;Limited Intermittent Use 

Boiler

SB2A No. 1 Starch Bin Vent

SB3A No. 3 Starch Bin Vent

SS1A No. 1 Starch Silo

Removed from Service under permit 2361-245-0006-V02-0

SS2A No. 2 Starch Silo

SS3A No. 3 Starch Silo

BMPS BMP Spill Collection Sys. BMP system was installed with Cluster rule

R8AA ClO2 Generator

PPCC Condensate Collection Sys Condensate Collection was installed for cluster rule 

NCGS NCG System NCG System was installed with GA Odor rules 

BLP1 No. 1 Black Liquor Pond X

Removed from Service under permit 2361-245-0006-V01-5

BLP2 No. 2 Black Liquor Pond

To be removed from Service under permit 2361-245-

0006-V-01-5

2ABF No.2 A/B Filtrate Tank X

Does Not emit SO2, NOx, H2SO4 mist, or PM-10; vent 

to be collected under permit 2631-245-0006-V-01-5

HLRD Haul Roads

WWTP Wastetreatment Facilities

WOOD Wood, Bark, Log Handling

(1) Emission Units included in 2006 Air Quality Permit Renewal Application, Except Liquid Storage 

Strike-thru units are shutdown or soon-to-be shutdown, previously considered on BART eligibility analyses.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

POINT SOURCE STACK PARAMETERS

UTM

Emission System Coordinates Base Stack Horiz Vert 

Source Source X Y Elevation Height Dimension Dimension Temp 

ID1 Description Type meters meters meters meters meters meters K 

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine V 411142.09 3688250.00 50.5 19.5 14.8 9.1 -- 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler P 411316.00 3688176.25 50.5 60.96 -- -- 518.7 

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler P 411375.41 3688129.25 50.5 60.96 -- -- 430.93 

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tnk P 411313.84 3688110.25 50.5 39.40 -- -- 336.7 

Note - although the Riley package boiler falls within the operational time frame for BART eligible units, it was not modeled as it is a backup boiler <250 MMBtu/hr (not integral to the proce

URS PROJECT NO. 31825278

P:\Common_Projects\2006\BART Exemption Modeling\REPORTS\IP Augusta\BART Tables June06 no Riley 
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED SO2 EMISSION RATES

Emission SO2 

Source Source Emission Units Throughput Units Emission 

ID Description Type Factor Rate (lb/hr) Ra

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine 1 V 5.88E-04 lb/MMBtu 28 MMBtu/hr 0.02 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing 2 P 1.32 lb/MMBtu 520 MMBtu/hr 687.52 1

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler 3 P 2.29 lb/TBLS 36.5 TBLS/hr 83.5 

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Tank 4 P 0.005 lb/TBLS 36.5 TBLS/hr 0.2 

1. No. 2 Paper Machine emission rate based on maximum natural gas usage from the No. 2 PM Nos. 1 and 2 IR and Aircap coaters and the SO2 emissiSection 1.4-2 dated 7/98, and assumes a heating value of 1020 Btu/SCF.2. No. 2 Power Boiler worst case actual emissions are based on the historical max coal rate with a balance of natural gas to total the unit's maximum firCoal emission factor is based on a sulfur content of 0.86%. No SO2 from natural gas. SO2 from NCG burning is not included as this is a back-up unit 3. No. 2 Recovery Boiler emissions are based on black liquor solids firing (i.e., does not include auxilary fuel firing). Emission factor is from TB 884, 4. No. 2 Smelt Tank emission factor is from TB 884, dated 8/04, Table 4-15.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED H2SO4 EMISSION RATES

Emission H2SO4 

Source Source Emission Units Throughput Units Emission 

ID Description Type Factor Rate (lb/hr) 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing 1 P 1.98E-02 lb/MMBtu 520 MMBtu/hr 10.32 

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler 2 P 0.008 lb/TBLS 36.5 TBLS/hr 0.3 

1. No. 2 Power Boiler based on maximum historical coal firing rate. Emission factor from NCASI SARA Section Form R Reporting and 

 document EPA-745-R-97-007, dated 4/05.2. No. 2 Recovery Boiler emissions are based on max black liquor solids firing (i.e., does not include auxilary fuel firing). Emission factodated 2/03, Table 13a.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED NOx EMISSION RATES

Emission NOx 

Source Source Emission Units Throughput Units Emission 

ID Description Type Factor Rate (lb/hr) 

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine 1 V 0.033 lb/MMBtu 28 MMBtu/hr 1 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing - coal2 P 0.45 lb/MMBtu 520 MMBtu/hr 234.52 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing - NG2 P 0.19 lb/MMBtu 157 MMBtu/hr 29.20 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing - total P 263.72 

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Boiler 3 P 1.09 lb/TBLS 36.5 TBLS/hr 39.77 

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tank4 P 0.02 lb/TBLS 36.5 TBLS/hr 0.7 

1. No. 2 Paper Machine emission rate based on natural gas usage from the Nos. 1 and 2 IR and Aircap coaters. The emission factor is from AP-42, dateand assumes a heating value of 1020 Btu/SCF.2. No. 2 Power Boiler worst case emissions are based on max historical coal firing rate with a balance of natural gas to total the unit's maximum firing r Coal emission factor average NOx factor from EPA Database of Wall-fired, Dry Bottom Coal Boilers. The natural gas emission factor is from AP-42 Section 1.4-2 assuming a heating value of 1020 Btu/SCF. 3. No. 2 Recovery Boiler emissions are based on max black liquor solids firing only (i.e., does not include auxilary fuel firing). Emission factor is from 4. The emission factor for the No. 2 Smelt Tank is taken from NCASI TB 884, Table 4.15, median emission factor.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED PM EMISSION RATES

PM10 

Filterable Filterable Condensible Condensible Short Term Short Term Emission Emissi

Source Source Emission Factor Emission Factor Emission Factor Emission Factor Activity Activity Rate Rate 

ID Description Ref (lb/unit) Units (lb/unit) Units Factor Factor Units (lb/hr) (g/s) 

CAU1 No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer 1 0.022 lb/TCaO -- -- 11 TCaO/hr 0.25 3.11E-0

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Firing 2 0.715 lb/MMBtu 0.056 lb/MMBtu 520 MMBtu/hr 284.67 3.59E+

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine 3 0.002 lb/MMBtu 0.006 lb/MMBtu 28 MMBtu/hr 0.21 2.66E-0

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Furnace 4 3.78 lb/hr 2.376 lb/hr 1 unitless 4.73 5.96E-0

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Tank 5 3.13 lb/hr 0.595 lb/hr 1 unitless 3.33 4.20E-0

Example CalculationsPM10 Emission Rate (lb/hr) = (Filterable Emission Factor (lb/unit) + Condensible Emission Factor (lb/unit)) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * PM Size Fraction

PM2.5 Emission Rate (lb/hr) = (Filterable Emission Factor (lb/unit) + Condensible Emission Factor (lb/unit)) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * PM Size FractionFilterable Coarse PM Emission Rate (lb/hr) = Filterable Emission Factor (lb/unit) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * PM Size FractionFilterable Soil PM Emission Rate (lb/hr) = Filterable Emission Factor (lb/unit) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * (1 - PEC (%) ) * PM Size FractionFilterable Elemental Carbon PM Emission Rate (lb/hr) = Filterable Emission Factor (lb/unit) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * PEC (%) * PM Size FractionOrganic Condensible PM Emission Rate (lb/hr) = Condensible Emission Factor (lb/unit) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * Organic PM (%)Inorganic Condensible PM Emission Rate (lb/hr) = Condensible Emission Factor (lb/unit) * Short Term Activity Factor (units/hr) * Inorganic PM (%)References1. Filterable PM rate from No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer is based on No. 1 Lime Kiln production and slaker vent emission factor from TB 884, Table 4.14; no condensible PM. PM10 assumed to equa Filterable PM10 and 2.5 size fraction data based on Lime Kiln fraction from TB 884, Table 4.13. No other filterable PM size fraction data available. Filterable PM divided equally among size 2. Filterable PM rate from No. 2 Power Boiler based on maximum historical coal firing rate, balance natural gas. Emission factor from GA 391-3-1.02(2)(d)2(ii). (PM=0.7*(10/R)^0.202 lb/MM Condensible PM based on AP-42 Section 1.1, Table 1.1-5, CPM = 0.1S-0.03 lb/MMBtu, assume 0.86% sulfur in coal. Contribution of PM from natural gas assumed negligible. Filterable PM size fraction data from AP-42 Section 1.1, Table 1.1-6, scrubber controlled.3. Filterable and condensible PM rates from No. 2 Paper Machine are based on AP-42 Table 1.4-2 and natural gas usage by the aircap and IR dryers. Per AP-42 Section 1.4, all PM is assumed to be less than 1.0 micrometer in diameter. PM divided evenly between sizes 1 micrometer and below.4. Filterable PM rate from actual MACT II stack testing results (lb/hr). Condensible PM portion extrapolated from data in TB 884, Table 4.11. PM10 size fraction data only from TB 884, Table 4.11. All other fraction data from AP-42 Section 10.2, Table 10.2-2 (ND for PM10).5. Filterable PM rate from No. 2 Smelt Dissolving Tank is Permit Condition 3.3.37. Condensible PM is assumed to be 19% of filterable per TB 884, Table 4.15. Filterable PM size fraction data from AP-42 Section 10.2, Table 10.2-7.6. Filterable and condensible PM rates from AP-42 Section 1.3, Tables 1.3-1 and 1.3-2, respectively. Filterable PM size fraction data from AP-42 Section 1.3, Table 1.3-6.7. No data for Condensible PM0.625 and PM1.0 fractions. Condensible PM is divided between the two fractions.

P:\Common_Projects\2006\BART Exemption Modeling\REPORTS\IP Augusta\BART Tables June06 no Riley 
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED PM EMISSION RATES

Filterable PM 

Soil Elemental Carbon 

Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission Emission 

Source Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate 

ID (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) (lb/hr) (g/s) 

1.25-2.5 μm 1.0-1.25 μm 0.625-1.0 μm 0.5-0.625 μm 1.25-2.5 μm 1.0-1.25 μm 0.625-1.0 μm 0.5-0.625 μm 

CAU1 0.04 5.04E-03 0.04 5.04E-03 0.04 5.04E-03 0.04 5.04E-03 0.001 1.36E-04 0.001 1.36E-04 0.001 1.36E-04 0.001 1.36E-04 

PB2A 58.90 7.42E+00 14.72 1.86E+00 40.49 5.10E+00 73.62 9.28E+00 0.59 7.50E-02 0.15 1.87E-02 0.41 5.15E-02 0.74 9.37E-02 

PM2A -- -- -- -- 0.03 3.32E-03 0.03 3.32E-03 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

RB2A 0.50 6.24E-02 0.23 2.95E-02 0.45 5.63E-02 0.83 1.04E-01 0.008 9.69E-04 0.004 4.59E-04 0.007 8.74E-04 0.013 1.62E-03 

ST2A 0.55 6.91E-02 0.27 3.42E-02 0.49 6.21E-02 1.19 1.50E-01 0.01 1.07E-03 0.004 5.31E-04 0.008 9.65E-04 0.019 2.34E-03 

Source 

ID 

CAU1 No. 1 Slaker/Causticizer 

PB2A No. 2 Power Boiler Coal Fir

PM2A No. 2 Paper Machine 

RB2A No. 2 Recovery Furnace 

ST2A No. 2 Smelt Tank 

Source Description

P:\Common_Projects\2006\BART Exemption Modeling\REPORTS\IP Augusta\BART Tables June06 no Riley 
INTERNATIONAL PAPER - AUGUSTA MILL

BART ELIGIBLE EMISSION UNITS

MODELED PM EMISSION RATES

PM size fraction data from CMAQ

Source/SCC Profile Name/Number Category % % Organic % Inorganic

Power Boiler - Coal NCOAL PM2_5 PEC 1.00% 54.79% 45.21%

NCOAL PM2_5 PMFINE 62.50%

10200202 NCOAL PM2_5 PNO3 0.50%

NCOAL PM2_5 POA 20.00%NCOAL PM2_5 PSO4 16.00%

Recovery Furnace 22044 PM2_5 PEC 1.53% 10.21% 89.79%& Smelt Tank 22044 PM2_5 PMFINE 36.99%

30700110 22044 PM2_5 PNO3 0.35%30700105 22044 PM2_5 POA 6.28%

22044 PM2_5 PSO4 54.85%

Package Boiler 22003 PM2_5 PEC 7.70% 10.59% 89.41%Distillate oil 22003 PM2_5 PMFINE 56.05%

10200501 22003 PM2_5 PNO3 0.24%

22003 PM2_5 POA 3.84%22003 PM2_5 PSO4 32.17%

Causticizing 22045 PM2_5 PEC 2.63% 63.21% 36.79%

30700122 22045 PM2_5 PMFINE 40.91%

22045 PM2_5 PNO3 0.37%22045 PM2_5 POA 35.69%22045 PM2_5 PSO4 20.40%

Natural Gas Process Hea22004 PM2_5 PEC 0.00% 74.49% 25.51%

30790003 22004 PM2_5 PMFINE 19.45%

22004 PM2_5 PNO3 0.55%22004 PM2_5 POA 60.00%22004 PM2_5 PSO4 20.00%

P:\Common_Projects\2006\BART Exemption Modeling\REPORTS\IP Augusta\BART Tables June06 no Riley 
APPENDIX B - CALPUFF Configuration 

The tables below identify the recommended CALPUFF configurations for VISTAS BART 

modeling. Also identified are the default recommendations from the IWAQM Phase 2 Report 

(EPA, 1998). 

Input Groups in the CALPUFF Control File. 

Input 

Group Description 

Applicable to 

BART Modeling 

0 Input and output file names Yes 

1 General run control parameters Yes 

2 Technical options Yes 

3 Species list Yes 

4 Grid control parameters Yes 

5 Output options Yes 

6 Sub grid scale complex terrain inputs No 

7 Dry deposition parameters for gases Yes 

8 Dry deposition parameters for particles Yes 

9 Miscellaneous dry deposition for parameters Yes 

10 Wet deposition parameters Yes 

11 Chemistry parameters Yes 

12 Diffusion and computational parameters Yes 

13 Point source parameters Yes 

14 Area source parameters No 

15 Line source parameters No 

16 Volume source parameters Yes 

17 Discrete receptor information Yes 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 1: General Run Control Parameters 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

METRUN 0 0 All model periods in met file(s) will be run 

IBYR - 2001 Starting year 

IBMO - 1 Starting month 

IBDY - 1 Starting day 

IBHR - 1 Starting hour 

XBTZ - 5 Base time zone (6 = CST) 

IRLG - 8760 Length of run 

NSPEC 5 6 Number of MESOPUFF I I chemical species 

NSE 3 4 Number of chemical species to be emitted 

ITEST 2 2 Program is executed after SETUP phase 

MRESTART 0 0 Do not read or write a restart file during run 

NRESPD 0 0 File written only at last period 

METFM 1 1 CALMET binary file (CALMET.MET) 

AVET 60 60 Averaging time in minutes 

PGTIME 60 60 PG Averaging time in minutes 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 2: Technical Options 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

MGAUSS 1 1 Gaussian distribution used in near field 

MCTADJ 3 3 Partial plume path terrain adjustment 

MCTSG 0 0 Sub-grid-scale complex terrain not modeled 

MSLUG 0 0 Near-field puffs not modeled as elongated 

MTRANS 1 1 Transitional plume rise modeled 

MTIP 1 1 Stack tip downwash used 

MSHEAR 0 0 (0, 1) Vertical wind shear (not modeled, 

modeled) 

MSPLIT 0 0 Puffs are not split 

MCHEM 1 1 MESOPUFF I I chemical parameterization 

Scheme 

MAQCHEM 0 0 Aqueous phase transformation not modeled 

MWET 1 1 Wet removal modeled 

MDRY 1 1 Dry deposition modeled 

MDISP 3 2 Dispersion coefficients from internally calculated 

sigma v, sigma w using micrometeorological 

calculated variables 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 2: Technical Options 

MTURBVW 3 3 Use both σv and σw from PROFILE.DAT to 

compute σy and σz (n/a) 

MDISP2 3 2 Dispersion coefficients from internally calculated 

sigma v, sigma w using micrometeorological 

calculated variables 

MROUGH 0 0 PG σy and σz not adjusted for roughness 

MPARTL 1 1 No partial plume penetration of elevated 

inversion 

MTINV 0 0 Strength of temperature inversion computed 

from default gradients 

MPDF 0 1 PDF not used for dispersion under convective 

conditions 

MSGTIBL 0 0 Sub-grid TIBL module not used for shoreline 

MBCON 0 0 Boundary concentration conditions not modeled 

MFOG 0 0 Do not configure for FOG model output 

MREG 1 0 NO checks are made 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 3: Species List-Chemistry Options. 

CSPEC Modeled1 Emitted2

Dry 

Deposition3

Output 

Group 

Number 

SO2 1 1 1 0 

SO4-2 1 1 2 0 

NOx 1 1 1 0 

HNO3 1 0 1 0 

NO3 - 1 0 2 0 

NH3 1 0 1 0 

PMC 1 1 2 0 

PMF 1 1 2 0 

EC 1 1 2 0 

SOA 1 1 2 0 

Notes: 1 0=no, 1=yes 

2 0=no, 1=yes 

3 0=none; 1=computed-gas; 2=computed-particle; 3=user-specified 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 4: Map Projection and Grid Control Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

PMAP UTM LCC Map Projection 

NX - 160 Number of X grid cells in meteorological grid 

NY - 172 Number of Y grid cells in meteorological grid 

NZ - 10 Number of vertical layers in meteorological 

Grid 

DGRIDKM - 12 Grid spacing (km) 

ZFACE - 0, 20 40, 80, 

160, 320, 640,

1200, 2000, 

3000, 4000 

Cell face heights in meteorological grid (m) 

XORIGKM - 137.973 Reference X coordinate for SW corner of 

grid cell (1,1) of meteorological grid (km) 

YORIGKM - -1625.974 Reference Y coordinate for SW corner of 

grid cell (1,1) of meteorological grid (km) 

IUTMZN - 17 UTM zone of coordinates 

IBCOMP - X index of lower left corner of the 

computational grid 

JBCOMP - Y index of lower left corner of the 

computational grids 

IECOMP - X index of the upper right corner of the 

computational grid 

JECOMP - Y index of the upper right corner of the 

computational grid 

LSAMP T F Sampling grid is not used 

IBSAMP - 0 X index of lower left corner of the sampling 

Grid 

JBSAMP - 0 Y index of lower left corner of the sampling 

Grid 

IESAMP - 0 X index of upper right corner of the 

sampling grid 

JESAMP - 0 Y index of upper right corner of the 

sampling grid 

MESHDN 1 1 Nesting factor of the sampling grid 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 5: Output Options. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

ICON 

1 

1 Output file CONC.DAT containing concentrations 

is created 

IDRY 

1 

1 Output file DFLX.DAT containing dry fluxes is 

Created 

IWET 

1 

1 Output file WFLX.DAT containing wet fluxes is 

created 

IVIS 

1 

1 Output file containing relative humidity data is 

created 

LCOMPRS T T Perform data compression in output file 

IMFLX 0 0 Do not calculate mass fluxes across specific 

boundaries 

IMBAL 0 0 Mass balances for each species not reported 

hourly 

ICPRT 0 1 Print concentration fields to the output list file 

IDPRT 0 0 Do not print dry flux fields to the output list file 

IWPRT 0 0 Do not print wet flux fields to the output list file 

ICFRQ 1 1 Concentration fields are printed to output list file 

every hr 

IDFRQ 1 1 Dry flux fields are printed to output list file every 

1 hour 

IWFRQ 1 1 Wet flux fields are printed to output list file 

every 1 hour 

IPRTU 1 3 Units for line printer output are in g/m3 for 

concentration and g/m2/s for deposition 

IMESG 2 2 Messages tracking the progress of run written to 

screen 

LDEBUG F F Logical value for debug output 

IPFDEB 1 1 First puff to track 

NPFDEB 1 1 Number of puffs to track 

NN1 1 1 Meteorological period to start output 

NN2 10 10 Meteorological period to end output 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 6: Sub-Grid Scale Complex Terrain Inputs. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

NHILL 0 0 Number of terrain features 

NCTREC 0 0 Number of special complex terrain receptors 

MHILL - 2 Input terrain and receptor data for CTSG hills input 

in CTDM format 

XHILL2M 1 1 Conversion factor for changing horizontal dimensions 

to meters 

ZHILL2M 1 

1 Conversion factor for changing vertical dimensions to 

meters 

XCTDMKM - 0.0 

E+00 

X origin of CTDM system relative to CALPUFF 

coordinate system (km) 

YCTDMKM - 0.0 

E+00 

Y origin of CTDM system relative to CALPUFF 

coordinate system (km) 

CALPUFF Model Input Group 7: Dry Deposition Parameters for Gases. 

Species Default IP Comments 

SO2 0.1509 0.1509 Diffusivity 

 1000. 1000. Alpha star 

 8.0 8.0 Reactivity 

 0.0 0.0 Mesophyll resistance 

 0.04 0.04 Henry’s Law coefficient 

NOx 0.1656 0.1656 Diffusivity 

 1.0 1.0 Alpha star 

 8.0 8.0 Reactivity 

 5.0 5.0 Mesophyll resistance 

 3.5 3.5 Henry’s Law coefficient 

HNO3 0.1628 0.1628 Diffusivity 

 1.0 1.0 Alpha star 

 18.0 18.0 Reactivity 

 0.0 0.0 Mesophyll resistance 

 8.0E-8 8.0E-8 Henry’s Law coefficient 

 0.000359 0.000359 Henry’s Law coefficient 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 8: Dry Deposition Parameters for Particles. 

Species Default IP Comments 

SO4 0.48 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of SO4-2 [μm]

NO3 2.0 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of NO3-

 [μm] 

PMC 2.0 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of PMC [μm] 

PMF 2.0 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of PMF [μm] 

EC 2.0 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of EC [μm] 

SOA 0.48 0.48 Geometric mass mean diameter of SOA [μm] 

(Geometric Standard Deviation for all species assumed to be 2.0 μm). 

CALPUFF Model Input Group 9: Miscellaneous Dry Deposition Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

RCUTR 30 30 Reference cuticle resistance (s/cm) 

RGR 10 10 Reference ground resistance (s/cm) 

REACTR 8 8 Reference pollutant reactivity 

NINT 9 9 Number of particle size intervals for 

effective particle deposition velocity 

IVEG 1 1 Vegetation in non-irrigated areas is active 

and unstressed 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 10: Wet Deposition Parameters. 

Default IP Comments 

SO2 3.21E-05 3.21E-05 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1] 

 0.0 0.0 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

 SO4 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1

]

 3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

HNO3 6.0E-05 6.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1] 

 0.0 0.0 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

NO3 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1

]

3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

NH3 8.0E-05 8.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1] 

 0.0 0.0 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

PMC 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1]

 3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

PMF 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1]

 3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

EC 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1]

 3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 

OC 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Scavenging coefficient for liquid precipitation [s-1]

 3.0E-05 3.0E-05 Scavenging coefficient for frozen precipitation [s-1] 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 11: Chemistry Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

MOZ 1 1 Read ozone background concentrations 

from ozone.dat file (measured values). 

BCKO3 12*80 12*40 Background ozone concentration (ppb) 

BCKNH3 12*10 12*0.5 Background ammonia concentration (ppb) 

RNITE1 0.2 0.2 Nighttime NO2 loss rate in percent/hour 

RNITE2 2 2 Nighttime NOX loss rate in percent/hour 

RNITE3 2 2 Nighttime HNO3 loss rate in percent/hour 

MH202 1 1 Background H2O2 concentrations (Aqueous 

phase transformations not modeled) 

BCKH202 1 1 Background monthly H2O2 concentrations 

(Aqueous phase transformations not 

modeled) 

BCKPMF 1. 1. Fine particulate concentration for SOA 

Option (micrograms per cubic meter) 

OFRAC 

.2 .2 Organic fraction of fine particulate for 

SOA Option 

VCNX 50. 50. VOC/NOx ratio for SOA Option 

CALPUFF Model Input Group 12: Dispersion/Computational Parameters. 

Parameter Default 

IP Comments 

SYDEP 550 550 Horizontal size of a puff in meters 

beyond which the time dependant 

dispersion equation of Heffter (1965) is 

used 

MHFTSZ 0 0 Do not use Heffter formulas for sigma z 

JSUP 5 5 Stability class used to determine 

dispersion rates for puffs above 

boundary layer 

CONK1 0.01 0.01 Vertical dispersion constant for stable 

Conditions 

CONK2 0.1 0.1 Vertical dispersion constant for 

neutral/stable conditions 
Parameter Default IP Comments 

TBD 0.5 0.5 Use ISC transition point for determining 

the transition point between the 

Schulman-Scire to Huber-Snyder Building

Downwash scheme 

IURB1 10 10 Lower range of land use categories for 

which urban dispersion is assumed 

IURB2 19 19 Upper range of land use categories for 

which urban dispersion is assumed 

ILANDUIN 20 * Land use category for modeling domain 

XLAIIN 3.0 * Leaf area index for modeling domain 

ZOIN -0.25 * Roughness length in meters for modeling 

domain 

ELEVIN 0.0 * Elevation above sea level 

XLATIN -999 - North latitude of station in degrees 

XLONIN -999 - South latitude of station in degrees 

ANEMHT 10 10 Anemometer height in meters 

ISIGMAV 1 1 Sigma-v is read for lateral turbulence 

data 

IMIXCTDM 0 0 Predicted mixing heights are used 

XMXLEN 1 1 Maximum length of emitted slug in 

meteorological grid units 

XSAMLEN 1 10 Maximum travel distance of slug or puff 

in meteorological grid units during one 

sampling unit 

MXNEW 99 60 Maximum number of puffs or slugs 

released from one source during one time 

step 

MXSAM 99 60 Maximum number of sampling steps 

during one time step for a puff or slug 

NCOUNT 2 2 Number of iterations used when 

computing the transport wind for a 

sampling step that includes transitional 

plume rise 
Parameter Default IP Comments 

SYMIN 1 1 Minimum sigma y in meters for a new puff 

or slug 

SZMIN 1 1 Minimum sigma z in meters for a new puff 

or slug 

SVMIN .50 .50 Minimum lateral turbulence velocities 

(m/s) 

SWMIN 0.20, 0.12, 

0.08, 0.06, 

0.03, 

0.016 

0.20, 0.12,

0.08, 0.06,

0.03, 

0.016 

Minimum vertical turbulence velocities 

(m/s) 

WSCALM 0.5 0.5 Minimum non-calm wind speeds (m/s) 

XMAXZI 3000. 3000. Maximum mixing height (m) 

XMINZI 50. 20. Minimum mixing height (m) 

SL2PF 10. 10. Maximum Sy/puff length 

PLXO 0.07, 0.07, 

0.10, 0.15, 

0.35, 0.55 

0.07, 0.07,

0.10, 0.15,

0.35, 0.55 

Wind speed power-law exponents 

WSCAT 1.54, 3.09, 

5.14, 8.23, 

10.80 

1.54, 3.09,

5.14, 8.23,

10.80 

Upper bounds 1st 5 wind speed classes 

PGGO 0.020, 

0.035 

0.020, 

0.035 

Potential temp gradients PG E & F 

(deg/km) 

CDIV 0.01 0.01 Divergence criterion for dw/dz (1/s) 

PPC 0.5, 0.5, 

0.5, 0.5, 

0.35, 0.35 

0.5, 0.5, 

0.5, 0.5, 

0.35, 0.35 

Plume path coefficients (only if 

MCTADJ=3) 

NSPLIT 3 3 Number of puffs when puffs split 

IRESPLIT - 1900 Hour(s) when puff is eligible to split 

ZISPLIT 100 100 Previous hour’s minimum mixing height, m

ROLDMAX 0.25 0.25 Previous Max mixing height/current 

mixing height ratio, must be less than 

this value to allow puff to split 

NSPLITH 5 5 Number of puffs resulting from a split 

SYSPLITH 1.0 1.0 Minimum sigma-y of puff before it may 

split 
Parameter Default IP Comments 

SHSPLITH 2.0 2.0 Minimum puff elongation rate from wind 

shear before puff may split 

CNSPLITH 1.0E-07 1.0E-07 Minimum species concentration before a 

puff may split 

EPSSLUG 1.0E-04 1.0E-04 Criterion for SLUG sampling 

EPSAREA 1.0E-06 1.0E-06 Criterion for area source integration 

DSRISE 1.0 1.0 Trajectory step length for numerical rise 

algorithm 

Note: Values indicated by an asterisk (*) were allowed to vary spatially across the 

domain and were obtained from CALMET

CALPUFF Model Input Group 13: Point Source Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

NPT1 - 4 Number of point sources with constant stack 

parameters or variable emission rate scale 

factors 

IPTU 1 3 Units for point source emission rates are g/s 

NSPT1 0 0 Number of source-species combinations with 

variable emissions scaling factors 

NPT2 - 0 Number of point sources with variable 

emission parameters provided in external file 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 14: Area Source Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

NAR1 

0 

Number of polygon area sources 

IARU 1 1 Units for area source emission rates are 

g/m2/s 

NSAR1 0 - Number of source species combinations with 

variable emissions scaling factors 

NAR2 - - Number of buoyant polygon area sources with 

variable location and emission parameters 

CALPUFF Model Input Group 15: Line Source Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

NLN2 - - Number of buoyant line sources with variable 

location and emission parameters 

NLINES - - Number of buoyant line sources 

ILNU 1 - Units for line source emission rates is g/s 

NSLN1 0 - Number of source-species combinations with 

variable emissions scaling factors 

MXNSEG 7 - Maximum number of segments used to model 

each line 

NLRISE 6 - Number of distance at which transitional rise is 

computed 

XL - - Average line source length (m) 

HBL - - Average height of line source height (m) 

WBL - - Average building width (m) 

WML - - Average line source width (m) 

DXL - - Average separation between buildings (m) 

FPRIMEL - - Average buoyancy parameter (m4/s3) 
CALPUFF Model Input Group 16: Volume Source Parameters. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

 NVL1 

- 1 Number of volume sources 

 IVLU 1 - Units for volume source emission rates is grams 

per second 

 NSVL1 0 - Number of source-species combinations with 

variable emissions scaling factors 

IGRDVL - - Gridded volume source data is not used 

VEFFHT - - Effective height of emissions (m) 

VSIGYI - - Initial sigma y value (m) 

VSIGZI - - Initial sigma z value (m) 

Table B-18. CALPUFF Model Input Group 17: Discrete Receptor Information. 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

NREC - 1927 Number of non-gridded receptors 
 

APPENDIX C – CALPOST Configuration 

The tables below identify the recommended CALPOST processor screening configurations for 

VISTAS BART modeling. 

Input Groups in the CALPOST Processor Control File. 

Group Description 

Applicable to 

BART Modeling 

0 Input and output file names Yes 

1 General Run Control Parameters Yes 

2 Visibility Parameters Yes 

3 Output Options Yes 

CALPOST Processor Input Group 1: General Run Control Parameters 

Parameter DEFAULT IP Comments 

ISYR -- 2001 Starting year 

ISMO -- 1 Starting month 

ISDY -- 1 Starting day 

ISHR -- 0 Starting hour 

NPER -- 8760 Number of periods to process 

NREP 1 1 Process every hour of data? Yes = 1 

ASPEC -- VISIB Process species for visibility 

ILAYER 1 1 Layer/deposition code; 1 for CALPUFF 

concentrations 

A 0.0 0.0 Scaling factor, slope 

B 0.0 0.0 Scaling factor, intercept 

LBACK F F Add hourly background concentrations or fluxes?

LG F F Process gridded receptors? 

LD F T Process discrete receptors? 

LCT F F Process complex terrain receptors? 

LDRING F F Report receptor ring results? 

NDRECP -1 -1 Select all discrete receptors 

IBGRID -1 -1 X index of LL corner of receptor grid 

JBGRID -1 -1 Y index of LL corner of receptor grid 

IEGRID -1 -1 X index of UR corner of receptor grid 

JEGRID -1 -1 X index of UR corner of receptor grid 

NGONOFF 0 0 Number of gridded receptor rows 

NGXRECP 1 0 Exclude specific gridded receptors, Yes = 0 
 

CALPOST Processor Input Group 2: Species Processing Information 

Parameter Default IP Comments 

RHMAX 98 95 Maximum RH (%) used in particle growth curve 

LVSO4 T T Compute light extinction for sulfate? 

LVNO3 T T Compute light extinction for nitrate? 

LVOC T T Compute light extinction for organic carbon? 

LVMPC T T Compute light extinction for coarse particles? 

LVMPF T T Compute light extinction for fine particles? 

LVEC T T Compute light extinction for elemental carbon? 

LVBK T F Include background in extinction calculation? 

SPECPMC PMC PMC Coarse particulate species 

SPECPMF PMF PM10 Fine particulate species 

EEPMC 0.6 0.6 Extinction efficiency for coarse particulates 

EEPMF 1.0 1.0 Extinction efficiency for fine particulates 

EEPMCBK 0.6 0.6 Extinction efficiency for coarse part. background 

EESO4 3.0 3.0 Extinction efficiency for ammonium sulfate 

EENO3 3.0 3.0 Extinction efficiency for ammonium nitrate 

EEOC 4.0 4.0 Extinction efficiency for organic carbon 

EESOIL 1.0 1.0 Extinction efficiency for soil 

EEEC 10.0 10.0 Extinction efficiency for elemental carbon 

MVISBK 2 6 

Method 6 for background light extinction: Compute 

extinction from speciated PM measurements. 

FLAG RH adjustment factor applied to observed & 

modeled sulfate and nitrate 

BEXTBTBK -- 10 Background extinction for MVISBK=1 (1/Mm) 

RHFRAC -- 10 Percentage of particles affected by RH 

RHFAC 12*value 

Depends 

on Class 

I Area 

Extinction coefficients for modeled and background 

hygroscopic species computed using EPA (2003) 

monthly RH adjustment factors 

BKSEC 0.02 0.02 Background elem. carbon extinct. coeff – east 

BKSO4 0.23 0.23 Background sulfate extinction coeff – east 

BKNO3 0.10 0.10 Background nitrate extinction coeff – east 

BKPMC 3.00 3.00 Background coarse part. extinction coeff – east 

BKSOC 1.40 1.40 Background organic carbon extinct. coeff – east 

BKSSOIL 0.50 0.50 Background soil extinction coeff – east 

BKSEC 0.02 0.02 Background elem. carbon extinct. coeff – east 

BEXTRAY 10.0 10.0 Extinction due to Rayleigh scattering (1/Mm) 
 

CALPOST Processor Input Group 3: Output Options 

Parameter DEFAULT IP Comments 

LDOC F F Print documentation image? 

IPRTU 1 3 Print output units (μg/m3

) for concentrations and 

(μg/m2/sec) for deposition 

L1HR T F Report 1 hr averaging times 

L3HR T F Report 3 hr averaging times 

L24HR T T Report 24 hr averaging times 

LRUNL T F Report run-length (annual) averaging times 

LT50 T F Top 50 table 

LTOPN F F Top ‘N’ table 

NTOP 4 4 Number of ‘Top-N’ values at each receptor 

ITOP 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 Ranks of ‘Top-N’ values at each receptor 

LEXCD F F Threshold exceedances counts 

THRESH1 -1.0 -1.0 Averaging time threshold for 1 hr averages 

THRESH3 -1.0 -1.0 Averaging time threshold for 3 hr averages 

THRESH24 -1.0 -1.0 Averaging time threshold for 24 hr averages 

THRESHN -1.0 -1.0 Averaging time threshold for NAVG-hr averages 

NDAY 0 0 Accumulation period, days 

NCOUNT 1 1 Number of exceedances allowed 

LECHO F F Echo option 

LTIME F F Time series option 

LPLT F F Plot file option 

LGRD F F Use grid format instead of DATA format 

LDEBUG F F Output information for debugging? 
 

APPENDIX D – Class I Receptors in Lambert Conformal Coordinates 

Great Smoky Mountains 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1201.214 -417.246 521.0 1201.891 -411.546 1221.0 1192.429 -409.210 852.0 

1204.191 -416.805 521.0 1203.378 -411.325 1030.0 1193.915 -408.991 978.0 

1189.038 -417.173 521.0 1204.865 -411.105 983.0 1195.402 -408.772 809.0 

1190.527 -416.954 522.0 1206.352 -410.883 894.0 1196.889 -408.553 761.0 

1192.015 -416.736 523.0 1207.840 -410.662 675.0 1198.376 -408.333 987.0 

1193.503 -416.517 521.0 1209.327 -410.440 950.0 1199.863 -408.113 874.0 

1194.992 -416.298 538.0 1210.814 -410.219 915.0 1201.349 -407.893 1147.0 

1196.480 -416.079 550.0 1212.301 -409.996 732.0 1202.836 -407.673 1323.0 

1197.968 -415.859 640.0 1213.788 -409.774 980.0 1204.322 -407.452 1221.0 

1199.456 -415.639 607.0 1216.762 -409.328 1020.0 1205.809 -407.231 1097.0 

1200.944 -415.419 523.0 1218.249 -409.105 886.0 1207.296 -407.010 800.0 

1202.432 -415.199 548.0 1219.736 -408.881 615.0 1208.782 -406.788 942.0 

1203.920 -414.978 524.0 1221.222 -408.657 680.0 1210.268 -406.566 1167.0 

1205.408 -414.757 608.0 1176.335 -413.427 767.0 1211.755 -406.344 1052.0 

1208.384 -414.315 546.0 1177.823 -413.211 919.0 1213.241 -406.122 1012.0 

1209.871 -414.093 566.0 1179.311 -412.995 905.0 1214.728 -405.899 1002.0 

1211.359 -413.871 541.0 1180.798 -412.778 911.0 1216.214 -405.676 1143.0 

1212.847 -413.649 530.0 1182.286 -412.561 965.0 1217.700 -405.453 998.0 

1181.330 -416.432 683.0 1183.773 -412.344 837.0 1219.186 -405.230 710.0 

1182.818 -416.216 711.0 1185.261 -412.127 1055.0 1220.672 -405.006 998.0 

1184.307 -415.999 583.0 1186.748 -411.910 716.0 1222.158 -404.782 907.0 

1185.795 -415.781 599.0 1188.235 -411.692 825.0 1223.644 -404.558 1200.0 

1187.283 -415.564 561.0 1189.723 -411.474 609.0 1225.131 -404.333 1173.0 

1188.771 -415.346 582.0 1191.210 -411.256 814.0 1226.616 -404.108 1067.0 

1190.259 -415.128 703.0 1192.697 -411.037 1006.0 1228.102 -403.883 896.0 

1191.747 -414.909 707.0 1194.184 -410.818 1036.0 1229.588 -403.658 799.0 

1193.235 -414.690 522.0 1195.672 -410.599 732.0 1231.074 -403.432 683.0 

1194.723 -414.471 760.0 1197.159 -410.379 746.0 1169.857 -410.632 330.0 

1196.210 -414.252 846.0 1198.646 -410.160 929.0 1171.344 -410.418 523.0 

1197.698 -414.033 952.0 1200.133 -409.940 1008.0 1172.831 -410.203 599.0 

1199.186 -413.813 765.0 1201.620 -409.720 1288.0 1174.318 -409.988 769.0 

1200.674 -413.593 1067.0 1203.107 -409.499 1266.0 1175.805 -409.772 831.0 

1202.161 -413.372 915.0 1204.594 -409.278 1218.0 1177.292 -409.556 941.0 

1203.649 -413.152 730.0 1206.081 -409.057 959.0 1178.779 -409.340 1150.0 

1205.137 -412.931 822.0 1207.568 -408.836 681.0 1180.266 -409.124 1194.0 

1206.624 -412.710 748.0 1209.054 -408.614 920.0 1181.753 -408.907 1084.0 

1208.112 -412.488 544.0 1210.541 -408.392 1170.0 1183.240 -408.690 1206.0 

1209.599 -412.267 706.0 1212.028 -408.170 956.0 1184.727 -408.473 1225.0 

1211.087 -412.045 627.0 1213.515 -407.948 818.0 1186.213 -408.256 987.0 

1212.574 -411.822 845.0 1215.001 -407.725 1223.0 1187.700 -408.038 1063.0 

1214.061 -411.600 772.0 1216.488 -407.502 1270.0 1189.187 -407.820 873.0 

1215.549 -411.377 836.0 1217.974 -407.279 872.0 1190.673 -407.602 921.0 

1220.010 -410.707 665.0 1219.461 -407.055 694.0 1192.160 -407.384 1233.0 

1175.112 -415.469 554.0 1220.947 -406.832 963.0 1193.646 -407.165 1006.0 

1176.600 -415.254 760.0 1222.434 -406.608 859.0 1195.133 -406.946 1024.0 

1178.088 -415.038 805.0 1223.920 -406.383 1000.0 1196.619 -406.726 792.0 

1179.576 -414.822 703.0 1170.121 -412.460 365.0 1198.106 -406.507 1015.0 

1181.064 -414.605 729.0 1171.608 -412.245 406.0 1199.592 -406.287 1094.0 

1182.552 -414.388 699.0 1173.096 -412.030 600.0 1201.079 -406.067 996.0 

1184.040 -414.171 1109.0 1174.583 -411.815 591.0 1202.565 -405.846 1148.0 

1185.528 -413.954 1001.0 1176.070 -411.599 644.0 1204.051 -405.626 1368.0 

1187.015 -413.737 811.0 1177.558 -411.383 1036.0 1205.537 -405.405 1052.0 

1188.503 -413.519 522.0 1179.045 -411.167 1309.0 1207.024 -405.184 958.0 

1189.991 -413.301 581.0 1180.532 -410.951 1262.0 1208.510 -404.962 988.0 

1191.478 -413.082 629.0 1182.019 -410.734 1261.0 1209.996 -404.740 1019.0 

1192.966 -412.864 634.0 1183.507 -410.517 1072.0 1211.482 -404.518 1344.0 

1194.453 -412.645 582.0 1184.994 -410.300 1199.0 1212.968 -404.296 1246.0 

1195.941 -412.426 612.0 1186.481 -410.083 1097.0 1214.454 -404.073 1377.0 

1197.428 -412.206 944.0 1187.968 -409.865 720.0 1215.940 -403.850 1135.0 

1198.916 -411.986 1281.0 1189.455 -409.647 640.0 1217.426 -403.627 1196.0 

1200.403 -411.766 1427.0 1190.942 -409.429 873.0 1218.911 -403.404 851.0 
 

Great Smoky Mountains 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1220.397 -403.180 883.0 1181.220 -405.253 607.0 1200.267 -400.588 1222.0 

1221.883 -402.956 1060.0 1182.707 -405.037 824.0 1201.752 -400.368 1524.0 

1223.369 -402.732 1207.0 1184.193 -404.820 802.0 1203.237 -400.147 1386.0 

1224.854 -402.508 1245.0 1185.679 -404.602 1033.0 1204.722 -399.926 1198.0 

1226.340 -402.283 1045.0 1187.165 -404.385 1241.0 1206.208 -399.705 1242.0 

1227.826 -402.058 1068.0 1188.651 -404.167 1297.0 1207.693 -399.484 1415.0 

1229.311 -401.832 870.0 1190.137 -403.949 1503.0 1209.178 -399.262 1358.0 

1230.797 -401.607 782.0 1191.623 -403.730 1477.0 1210.663 -399.040 1355.0 

1241.194 -400.020 1326.0 1193.109 -403.512 1533.0 1212.148 -398.818 1403.0 

1169.593 -408.805 453.0 1194.594 -403.293 1242.0 1213.633 -398.596 1712.0 

1171.080 -408.590 439.0 1196.080 -403.073 1270.0 1215.118 -398.373 1431.0 

1172.567 -408.376 582.0 1197.566 -402.854 1198.0 1216.603 -398.150 1422.0 

1174.054 -408.160 664.0 1199.052 -402.634 1372.0 1218.087 -397.927 1236.0 

1175.540 -407.945 770.0 1200.537 -402.414 1394.0 1219.572 -397.703 1228.0 

1177.027 -407.729 853.0 1202.023 -402.194 1187.0 1221.057 -397.479 1492.0 

1178.514 -407.513 810.0 1203.508 -401.973 1517.0 1222.542 -397.255 1372.0 

1180.000 -407.297 979.0 1204.994 -401.752 1490.0 1224.026 -397.031 1181.0 

1181.487 -407.080 809.0 1206.480 -401.531 1518.0 1225.511 -396.806 792.0 

1182.973 -406.864 818.0 1207.965 -401.310 1632.0 1226.996 -396.581 939.0 

1184.460 -406.646 1027.0 1209.450 -401.088 1692.0 1228.480 -396.356 737.0 

1185.946 -406.429 1372.0 1210.936 -400.866 1888.0 1229.965 -396.131 1213.0 

1187.432 -406.211 1203.0 1212.421 -400.644 1951.0 1231.449 -395.905 1173.0 

1188.919 -405.994 975.0 1213.906 -400.422 1603.0 1235.902 -395.226 1111.0 

1190.405 -405.775 1077.0 1215.392 -400.199 1543.0 1237.387 -395.000 1138.0 

1191.891 -405.557 1343.0 1216.877 -399.976 1292.0 1238.871 -394.773 1362.0 

1193.378 -405.338 1463.0 1218.362 -399.752 1067.0 1240.355 -394.545 1709.0 

1194.864 -405.119 1193.0 1219.847 -399.529 928.0 1241.839 -394.318 1585.0 

1196.350 -404.900 932.0 1221.332 -399.305 1190.0 1243.324 -394.090 1298.0 

1197.836 -404.680 1059.0 1222.817 -399.081 1415.0 1244.808 -393.862 1224.0 

1199.322 -404.461 1144.0 1224.302 -398.856 1066.0 1246.292 -393.633 1150.0 

1200.808 -404.240 1231.0 1225.787 -398.632 899.0 1247.776 -393.404 1348.0 

1202.294 -404.020 1197.0 1227.272 -398.407 714.0 1171.774 -402.894 383.0 

1203.780 -403.799 1220.0 1228.757 -398.182 703.0 1173.260 -402.679 482.0 

1205.266 -403.579 1342.0 1237.666 -396.825 1097.0 1174.746 -402.464 533.0 

1206.752 -403.357 1350.0 1239.150 -396.598 1224.0 1176.231 -402.248 559.0 

1208.237 -403.136 1251.0 1240.635 -396.370 1526.0 1177.717 -402.032 598.0 

1209.723 -402.914 1467.0 1242.119 -396.142 1566.0 1179.202 -401.816 532.0 

1211.209 -402.692 1407.0 1243.604 -395.915 1311.0 1180.688 -401.600 525.0 

1212.694 -402.470 1671.0 1245.088 -395.686 1283.0 1182.173 -401.383 533.0 

1214.180 -402.247 1369.0 1246.573 -395.458 1482.0 1183.659 -401.166 543.0 

1215.666 -402.025 1412.0 1169.066 -405.151 290.0 1185.144 -400.949 562.0 

1217.151 -401.802 1279.0 1170.552 -404.936 389.0 1186.630 -400.731 602.0 

1218.637 -401.578 863.0 1172.038 -404.721 506.0 1188.115 -400.514 736.0 

1220.122 -401.355 823.0 1173.524 -404.506 644.0 1189.600 -400.296 817.0 

1221.608 -401.131 1103.0 1175.010 -404.291 578.0 1191.085 -400.077 809.0 

1223.093 -400.906 1432.0 1176.496 -404.075 539.0 1192.571 -399.859 920.0 

1224.578 -400.682 1448.0 1177.982 -403.859 634.0 1194.056 -399.640 1017.0 

1226.064 -400.457 1352.0 1179.468 -403.643 662.0 1195.541 -399.421 1006.0 

1227.549 -400.232 1094.0 1180.954 -403.427 567.0 1197.026 -399.201 956.0 

1229.034 -400.007 802.0 1182.440 -403.210 579.0 1198.511 -398.982 1137.0 

1230.519 -399.781 756.0 1183.926 -402.993 660.0 1199.996 -398.762 982.0 

1239.430 -398.422 1213.0 1185.411 -402.776 878.0 1201.481 -398.541 1187.0 

1240.915 -398.195 1312.0 1186.897 -402.558 907.0 1202.966 -398.321 1365.0 

1169.330 -406.978 365.0 1188.383 -402.340 955.0 1204.451 -398.100 1245.0 

1170.816 -406.763 393.0 1189.868 -402.122 1048.0 1205.936 -397.879 1074.0 

1172.303 -406.548 455.0 1191.354 -401.904 1056.0 1207.420 -397.658 1365.0 

1173.789 -406.333 590.0 1192.840 -401.685 1333.0 1208.905 -397.436 1401.0 

1175.275 -406.118 775.0 1194.325 -401.466 1223.0 1210.390 -397.214 1080.0 

1176.762 -405.902 690.0 1195.810 -401.247 1411.0 1211.874 -396.992 1260.0 

1178.248 -405.686 697.0 1197.296 -401.028 1106.0 1213.359 -396.770 1660.0 

1179.734 -405.470 678.0 1198.781 -400.808 1347.0 1214.844 -396.547 1703.0 

1220.397 -403.180 883.0 1181.220 -405.253 607.0 1200.267 -400.588 1222.0 

1216.328 -396.324 1525.0 1229.410 -392.480 1434.0 1245.449 -388.159 856.0 

1217.813 -396.101 1299.0 1230.894 -392.255 1373.0 1246.932 -387.931 825.0 
 

Great Smoky Mountains 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1219.297 -395.878 1389.0 1232.378 -392.029 1170.0 1248.415 -387.702 1060.0 

1220.782 -395.654 1084.0 1233.861 -391.803 1293.0 1249.898 -387.473 1125.0 

1222.266 -395.430 1048.0 1235.345 -391.576 1077.0 1175.435 -396.767 429.0 

1223.750 -395.206 1002.0 1236.829 -391.350 953.0 1176.920 -396.551 537.0 

1225.235 -394.981 1374.0 1238.312 -391.123 1202.0 1178.404 -396.335 459.0 

1226.719 -394.756 910.0 1239.796 -390.895 1602.0 1179.889 -396.119 575.0 

1228.203 -394.531 1109.0 1241.279 -390.668 1433.0 1181.373 -395.903 564.0 

1229.687 -394.306 1002.0 1242.763 -390.440 1106.0 1182.858 -395.686 646.0 

1231.172 -394.080 1469.0 1244.246 -390.212 966.0 1188.795 -394.816 609.0 

1232.656 -393.854 1136.0 1245.730 -389.984 1077.0 1190.279 -394.598 535.0 

1234.140 -393.628 1324.0 1247.213 -389.755 884.0 1191.764 -394.379 489.0 

1235.624 -393.401 912.0 1248.696 -389.526 1096.0 1193.248 -394.161 408.0 

1237.108 -393.175 1427.0 1174.216 -398.810 459.0 1194.732 -393.942 669.0 

1238.592 -392.948 1487.0 1175.701 -398.594 516.0 1196.216 -393.722 675.0 

1240.076 -392.720 1681.0 1177.186 -398.378 579.0 1197.700 -393.503 789.0 

1241.559 -392.493 1310.0 1178.670 -398.162 576.0 1199.184 -393.283 834.0 

1243.043 -392.265 1080.0 1180.155 -397.946 656.0 1200.668 -393.063 852.0 

1244.527 -392.037 1029.0 1181.640 -397.729 718.0 1202.152 -392.843 817.0 

1246.011 -391.808 989.0 1183.125 -397.513 760.0 1203.636 -392.622 823.0 

1247.494 -391.580 1038.0 1184.610 -397.295 994.0 1205.120 -392.401 750.0 

1248.978 -391.351 1337.0 1187.579 -396.860 782.0 1206.603 -392.180 930.0 

1172.995 -400.852 368.0 1189.064 -396.642 618.0 1208.087 -391.959 1127.0 

1174.481 -400.637 411.0 1190.548 -396.424 489.0 1209.571 -391.737 726.0 

1175.966 -400.421 485.0 1192.033 -396.206 549.0 1211.055 -391.515 1065.0 

1177.451 -400.205 480.0 1193.517 -395.987 598.0 1212.538 -391.293 1323.0 

1178.936 -399.989 569.0 1195.002 -395.768 577.0 1214.022 -391.070 1448.0 

1180.422 -399.773 610.0 1196.486 -395.549 809.0 1215.505 -390.847 1548.0 

1181.907 -399.556 585.0 1197.970 -395.329 899.0 1216.989 -390.624 1772.0 

1183.392 -399.339 596.0 1199.455 -395.109 1006.0 1218.472 -390.401 1416.0 

1184.877 -399.122 591.0 1200.939 -394.889 1262.0 1219.956 -390.177 1198.0 

1186.362 -398.905 681.0 1202.423 -394.669 988.0 1221.439 -389.954 1225.0 

1187.847 -398.687 787.0 1203.907 -394.448 1120.0 1222.922 -389.729 1580.0 

1189.332 -398.469 528.0 1205.392 -394.227 1054.0 1224.406 -389.505 1529.0 

1190.817 -398.251 700.0 1206.876 -394.006 860.0 1225.889 -389.280 1165.0 

1192.302 -398.032 615.0 1208.360 -393.785 1013.0 1227.372 -389.055 1418.0 

1193.786 -397.813 905.0 1209.844 -393.563 1203.0 1228.855 -388.830 1635.0 

1195.271 -397.594 836.0 1211.328 -393.341 1212.0 1230.339 -388.605 1459.0 

1196.756 -397.375 827.0 1212.812 -393.118 1380.0 1231.822 -388.379 1310.0 

1198.241 -397.155 768.0 1214.296 -392.896 1300.0 1233.305 -388.153 1441.0 

1199.725 -396.935 983.0 1215.780 -392.673 1206.0 1234.788 -387.926 1391.0 

1201.210 -396.715 1281.0 1217.263 -392.450 1581.0 1236.271 -387.700 1337.0 

1202.695 -396.495 1378.0 1218.747 -392.227 1457.0 1237.754 -387.473 1455.0 

1204.179 -396.274 1371.0 1220.231 -392.003 1699.0 1239.236 -387.246 1336.0 

1205.664 -396.053 1135.0 1221.715 -391.779 1543.0 1240.719 -387.018 1223.0 

1207.148 -395.832 884.0 1223.198 -391.555 1640.0 1242.202 -386.791 1226.0 

1208.632 -395.610 907.0 1224.682 -391.330 1476.0 1243.685 -386.563 979.0 

1210.117 -395.389 1249.0 1226.166 -391.106 1036.0 1245.168 -386.335 1079.0 

1211.601 -395.167 1528.0 1227.649 -390.881 1315.0 1246.650 -386.106 1104.0 

1213.085 -394.944 1552.0 1229.133 -390.655 1504.0 1248.133 -385.877 858.0 

1214.570 -394.722 1473.0 1230.616 -390.430 1469.0 1249.616 -385.648 1030.0 

1216.054 -394.499 1677.0 1232.100 -390.204 1242.0 1178.139 -394.509 475.0 

1217.538 -394.276 1553.0 1233.583 -389.978 1453.0 1179.623 -394.292 440.0 

1219.022 -394.052 1572.0 1235.066 -389.751 1414.0 1181.107 -394.076 640.0 

1220.506 -393.828 1526.0 1236.550 -389.525 1012.0 1191.495 -392.553 369.0 

1221.990 -393.604 1261.0 1238.033 -389.298 1127.0 1192.979 -392.334 478.0 

1223.474 -393.380 1217.0 1239.516 -389.071 1352.0 1194.462 -392.115 570.0 

1224.958 -393.156 1247.0 1240.999 -388.843 1189.0 1195.946 -391.896 552.0 

1226.442 -392.931 947.0 1242.482 -388.615 1257.0 1197.430 -391.677 843.0 

1227.926 -392.706 1163.0 1243.966 -388.387 1048.0 1198.913 -391.457 604.0 

1216.328 -396.324 1525.0 1229.410 -392.480 1434.0 1245.449 -388.159 856.0 

1200.397 -391.237 605.0 1232.748 -384.503 1802.0 1235.155 -380.401 1247.0 

1201.881 -391.017 652.0 1234.230 -384.277 1371.0 1236.636 -380.174 1168.0 

1203.364 -390.796 770.0 1235.713 -384.050 1674.0 1238.118 -379.947 1012.0 

1204.848 -390.575 834.0 1237.195 -383.823 1676.0 1239.599 -379.720 959.0 
 

Great Smoky Mountains 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1206.331 -390.354 725.0 1238.677 -383.596 1586.0 1241.081 -379.492 1366.0 

1207.814 -390.133 608.0 1240.159 -383.369 1727.0 1242.562 -379.265 1348.0 

1209.298 -389.911 656.0 1241.641 -383.142 1516.0 1244.044 -379.037 1526.0 

1210.781 -389.689 1126.0 1243.124 -382.914 1359.0 1245.525 -378.808 1042.0 

1212.265 -389.467 1115.0 1244.606 -382.686 1097.0 1214.134 -381.720 488.0 

1213.748 -389.245 1387.0 1246.088 -382.457 1022.0 1215.616 -381.497 515.0 

1215.231 -389.022 1569.0 1247.570 -382.229 1016.0 1217.097 -381.274 491.0 

1216.714 -388.799 1595.0 1249.051 -382.000 732.0 1218.579 -381.051 550.0 

1218.197 -388.576 1195.0 1198.372 -387.805 652.0 1220.061 -380.827 579.0 

1219.680 -388.352 961.0 1199.855 -387.585 1164.0 1221.543 -380.603 781.0 

1221.163 -388.128 1084.0 1201.338 -387.365 1129.0 1223.024 -380.379 900.0 

1222.646 -387.904 1324.0 1202.821 -387.144 1070.0 1224.506 -380.155 1059.0 

1224.129 -387.680 1732.0 1204.304 -386.924 942.0 1225.987 -379.930 1123.0 

1225.612 -387.455 1720.0 1205.786 -386.703 668.0 1227.469 -379.705 1307.0 

1227.095 -387.230 1512.0 1207.269 -386.481 425.0 1228.950 -379.480 1166.0 

1228.578 -387.005 1680.0 1208.752 -386.260 532.0 1230.432 -379.254 1302.0 

1230.061 -386.780 1528.0 1210.235 -386.038 696.0 1231.913 -379.028 1672.0 

1231.544 -386.554 1452.0 1211.717 -385.816 673.0 1233.394 -378.802 1533.0 

1233.026 -386.328 1535.0 1213.200 -385.594 775.0 1234.876 -378.576 1429.0 

1234.509 -386.102 1401.0 1214.682 -385.371 1061.0 1236.357 -378.349 1457.0 

1235.992 -385.875 1483.0 1216.165 -385.148 939.0 1237.838 -378.122 1391.0 

1237.474 -385.648 1605.0 1217.647 -384.925 817.0 1239.319 -377.895 937.0 

1238.957 -385.421 1574.0 1219.130 -384.701 763.0 1240.800 -377.668 1015.0 

1240.439 -385.194 1577.0 1220.612 -384.478 616.0 1242.282 -377.440 1056.0 

1241.922 -384.966 1326.0 1222.094 -384.254 877.0 1243.763 -377.212 1071.0 

1243.404 -384.738 1393.0 1223.577 -384.029 892.0 1245.244 -376.984 1060.0 

1244.887 -384.510 1134.0 1225.059 -383.805 910.0 1218.304 -379.225 427.0 

1246.369 -384.282 971.0 1226.541 -383.580 1134.0 1219.785 -379.002 480.0 

1247.851 -384.053 945.0 1228.023 -383.355 1358.0 1221.267 -378.778 488.0 

1249.333 -383.824 1058.0 1229.506 -383.130 1512.0 1222.748 -378.554 624.0 

1192.709 -390.508 492.0 1230.988 -382.904 1674.0 1224.229 -378.330 761.0 

1194.193 -390.289 640.0 1232.470 -382.678 1806.0 1225.710 -378.105 732.0 

1195.676 -390.070 587.0 1233.952 -382.452 1678.0 1227.191 -377.880 881.0 

1197.159 -389.851 517.0 1235.434 -382.225 1725.0 1228.673 -377.655 821.0 

1198.643 -389.631 876.0 1236.916 -381.999 1256.0 1230.154 -377.429 1000.0 

1200.126 -389.411 983.0 1238.397 -381.772 1160.0 1231.635 -377.204 1094.0 

1201.609 -389.191 850.0 1239.879 -381.544 1382.0 1233.116 -376.978 1208.0 

1203.092 -388.970 776.0 1241.361 -381.317 1289.0 1234.597 -376.751 860.0 

1204.576 -388.749 518.0 1242.843 -381.089 1584.0 1236.078 -376.525 857.0 

1206.059 -388.528 555.0 1244.325 -380.861 1317.0 1237.558 -376.298 1391.0 

1207.542 -388.307 487.0 1245.806 -380.633 1170.0 1239.039 -376.071 1265.0 

1209.025 -388.085 626.0 1211.444 -383.990 548.0 1240.520 -375.843 1067.0 

1210.508 -387.864 794.0 1212.926 -383.768 730.0 1235.155 -380.401 1247.0 

1211.991 -387.641 824.0 1214.408 -383.545 699.0 1242.001 -375.616 921.0 

1213.474 -387.419 1004.0 1215.890 -383.323 749.0 1243.482 -375.388 611.0 

1214.957 -387.196 1101.0 1217.372 -383.099 624.0 1226.914 -376.055 608.0 

1216.439 -386.973 1435.0 1218.854 -382.876 608.0 1229.876 -375.604 699.0 

1217.922 -386.750 1039.0 1220.336 -382.652 530.0 1231.356 -375.379 785.0 

1219.405 -386.527 765.0 1221.818 -382.428 797.0 1232.837 -375.153 892.0 

1220.888 -386.303 961.0 1223.300 -382.204 1103.0 1234.318 -374.927 622.0 

1222.370 -386.079 963.0 1224.782 -381.980 1110.0 1235.798 -374.700 762.0 

1223.853 -385.855 1391.0 1226.264 -381.755 1130.0 1237.279 -374.473 1130.0 

1225.336 -385.630 1485.0 1227.746 -381.530 1499.0 1238.759 -374.246 1458.0 

1226.818 -385.405 1332.0 1229.228 -381.305 1742.0 1240.240 -374.019 1097.0 

1228.301 -385.180 1520.0 1230.710 -381.079 1769.0 1241.720 -373.791 823.0 

1229.783 -384.955 1705.0 1232.191 -380.853 1639.0 1243.201 -373.563 603.0 

1231.266 -384.729 1572.0 1233.673 -380.627 1342.0 1232.558 -373.328 534.0 

1200.397 -391.237 605.0 1232.748 -384.503 1802.0 1234.039 -373.102 545.0 

1235.519 -372.875 582.0 

1236.999 -372.649 735.0 

1238.479 -372.422 885.0 

1239.960 -372.195 873.0 

 
 

Great Smoky Mountains 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

 
 

Cohutta 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1124.359 -493.51 903 1121.228 -487.412 557 1119.976 -483.854 426 

1125.11 -493.407 958 1121.978 -487.309 598 1120.726 -483.751 458 

1125.861 -493.304 1057 1122.729 -487.206 646 1121.477 -483.648 475 

1123.482 -492.698 969 1123.48 -487.103 777 1122.227 -483.545 514 

1124.233 -492.595 846 1124.23 -487 939 1122.977 -483.442 546 

1124.984 -492.492 853 1124.981 -486.897 1000 1123.727 -483.339 623 

1125.735 -492.389 873 1125.731 -486.794 1134 1124.478 -483.236 833 

1121.104 -492.091 1070 1126.482 -486.691 1042 1125.228 -483.133 909 

1121.855 -491.989 1189 1127.232 -486.587 1096 1125.978 -483.03 655 

1122.606 -491.886 1015 1127.983 -486.484 905 1126.728 -482.927 841 

1123.357 -491.783 893 1128.733 -486.38 796 1127.478 -482.823 717 

1124.108 -491.68 763 1120.352 -486.6 498 1128.229 -482.72 579 

1124.859 -491.576 732 1121.102 -486.497 532 1128.979 -482.616 680 

1125.61 -491.473 805 1121.853 -486.394 579 1129.729 -482.513 838 

1126.361 -491.37 962 1122.603 -486.291 620 1130.479 -482.409 810 

1120.227 -491.279 934 1123.354 -486.188 753 1122.851 -482.527 578 

1120.978 -491.176 926 1124.104 -486.085 971 1123.602 -482.424 640 

1121.729 -491.073 1023 1124.855 -485.982 995 1124.352 -482.321 605 

1122.48 -490.97 950 1125.605 -485.879 1063 1125.102 -482.218 722 

1123.231 -490.867 823 1126.356 -485.775 912 1125.852 -482.115 654 

1123.982 -490.764 762 1127.106 -485.672 1072 1126.602 -482.012 858 

1124.733 -490.661 775 1127.857 -485.569 970 1127.352 -481.908 695 

1125.484 -490.558 764 1128.607 -485.465 828 1128.102 -481.805 552 

1126.235 -490.455 908 1120.227 -485.684 460 1128.852 -481.701 646 

1120.102 -490.363 918 1120.977 -485.582 567 1129.603 -481.598 848 

1120.853 -490.261 822 1121.727 -485.479 524 1130.353 -481.494 870 

1121.604 -490.158 876 1122.478 -485.376 596 1131.103 -481.39 732 

1122.355 -490.055 918 1123.228 -485.273 661 1122.726 -481.612 549 

1123.106 -489.952 673 1123.979 -485.17 732 1123.476 -481.509 522 

1123.856 -489.849 671 1124.729 -485.067 963 1124.226 -481.406 518 

1124.607 -489.746 785 1125.48 -484.964 957 1124.976 -481.303 566 

1125.358 -489.643 937 1126.23 -484.86 924 1125.726 -481.2 582 

1126.109 -489.54 883 1126.98 -484.757 1039 1126.476 -481.096 709 

1126.86 -489.436 967 1127.731 -484.654 867 1127.226 -480.993 619 

1119.977 -489.448 785 1128.481 -484.55 846 1127.976 -480.89 598 

1120.728 -489.345 821 1129.231 -484.447 715 1128.726 -480.786 732 

1121.478 -489.243 846 1129.982 -484.343 734 1129.476 -480.683 896 

1122.229 -489.14 766 1130.732 -484.239 761 1130.226 -480.579 949 

1122.98 -489.037 610 1131.482 -484.136 798 1130.976 -480.475 760 

1123.731 -488.934 793 1118.6 -484.974 476 1131.726 -480.372 644 

1124.482 -488.831 959 1119.351 -484.872 488 1122.6 -480.697 579 

1125.232 -488.728 928 1120.101 -484.769 446 1123.35 -480.594 511 

1125.983 -488.624 1090 1120.852 -484.666 443 1124.1 -480.491 513 

1126.734 -488.521 1154 1121.602 -484.563 549 1124.85 -480.388 549 

1127.484 -488.418 1002 1122.352 -484.461 526 1125.6 -480.285 579 

1128.235 -488.314 893 1123.103 -484.358 596 1126.35 -480.181 594 

1120.602 -488.43 610 1123.853 -484.255 733 1127.1 -480.078 536 

1121.353 -488.327 706 1124.603 -484.152 905 1127.85 -479.975 598 

1122.104 -488.224 581 1125.354 -484.048 867 1128.6 -479.871 670 

1122.854 -488.122 628 1126.104 -483.945 781 1129.35 -479.768 815 

1123.605 -488.019 673 1126.854 -483.842 900 1130.1 -479.664 975 

1124.356 -487.915 878 1127.605 -483.738 808 1130.85 -479.56 839 

1125.106 -487.812 1099 1128.355 -483.635 638 1131.6 -479.457 696 

1125.857 -487.709 1175 1129.105 -483.532 774 1123.225 -479.679 457 

1126.608 -487.606 1139 1129.855 -483.428 881 1123.974 -479.576 457 

1127.358 -487.503 1097 1130.606 -483.324 769 1124.724 -479.473 429 

1128.109 -487.399 862 1118.475 -484.059 487 1125.474 -479.369 487 

1120.477 -487.515 606 1119.226 -483.956 396 1126.224 -479.266 502 

1126.974 -479.163 582 

1127.724 -479.06 587 

1128.474 -478.956 760 

1129.223 -478.853 914 

1129.973 -478.749 1039 
 

Cohutta 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1130.723 -478.645 917 

1131.473 -478.542 903 

1132.223 -478.438 654 

1122.349 -478.867 456 

1123.099 -478.764 495 

1123.849 -478.661 400 

1124.598 -478.558 519 

1125.348 -478.454 630 

1126.098 -478.351 582 

1126.848 -478.248 611 

1127.598 -478.144 769 

1128.347 -478.041 610 

1129.097 -477.938 701 

1129.847 -477.834 915 

1130.597 -477.73 890 

1131.346 -477.627 762 

1132.096 -477.523 616 

1119.974 -478.26 310 

1120.724 -478.157 408 

1121.474 -478.054 449 

1122.223 -477.951 476 

1122.973 -477.849 449 

1123.723 -477.746 468 

1124.473 -477.642 482 

1125.222 -477.539 615 

1125.972 -477.436 647 

1126.722 -477.333 614 

1127.471 -477.229 747 

1128.221 -477.126 942 

1128.971 -477.023 893 

1129.72 -476.919 955 

1130.47 -476.815 874 

1131.22 -476.712 662 

1131.969 -476.608 636 

1132.719 -476.504 544 

1126.596 -476.418 717 

1127.345 -476.314 750 

1128.095 -476.211 982 

1128.844 -476.107 1141 

1126.469 -475.503 847 

1127.219 -475.399 1013 
 

Shining Rock 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1273.44 -416.507 1629 1266.774 -412.878 1362 

1274.184 -416.39 1586 1267.518 -412.762 1470 

1274.928 -416.274 1370 1268.262 -412.646 1248 

1275.672 -416.157 1274 1269.006 -412.529 1058 

1276.416 -416.04 1181 1269.749 -412.413 1170 

1268.832 -416.294 1183 1270.493 -412.296 1415 

1269.576 -416.178 1416 1271.237 -412.18 1689 

1270.321 -416.062 1541 1271.981 -412.063 1547 

1271.065 -415.945 1677 1272.724 -411.946 1550 

1271.809 -415.828 1640 1273.468 -411.83 1437 

1272.553 -415.712 1770 1274.212 -411.713 1508 

1273.297 -415.595 1679 1274.955 -411.596 1300 

1274.041 -415.478 1585 1275.699 -411.479 1176 

1274.785 -415.361 1529 1268.863 -411.617 1012 

1275.529 -415.245 1309 1269.607 -411.501 1285 

1276.273 -415.128 1128 1270.35 -411.384 1366 

1267.946 -415.498 1097 1271.094 -411.268 1566 

1268.69 -415.382 1217 1271.837 -411.151 1451 

1269.434 -415.266 1536 1272.581 -411.034 1359 

1270.178 -415.149 1463 1273.325 -410.918 1273 

1270.922 -415.033 1436 1274.068 -410.801 1274 

1271.666 -414.916 1629 1274.812 -410.684 1280 

1272.41 -414.8 1771 1275.555 -410.567 1155 

1273.154 -414.683 1622 1270.207 -410.472 1179 

1273.898 -414.566 1425 1270.951 -410.355 1348 

1274.642 -414.449 1312 1271.694 -410.239 1488 

1275.385 -414.332 1362 1270.808 -409.443 1442 

1276.129 -414.215 1067 1271.551 -409.327 1565 

1276.873 -414.098 1162 1272.295 -409.21 1505 

1277.617 -413.981 1399 1273.038 -409.093 1409 

1267.059 -414.702 1029 1273.782 -408.977 1380 

1267.803 -414.586 1227 1274.525 -408.86 1303 

1268.547 -414.47 1505 1275.269 -408.743 1104 

1269.291 -414.354 1347 1269.922 -408.648 1500 

1270.035 -414.237 1317 1271.408 -408.415 1678 

1270.779 -414.121 1536 1272.152 -408.298 1707 

1271.523 -414.004 1675 1272.895 -408.181 1515 

1272.267 -413.887 1729 1273.638 -408.065 1321 

1273.011 -413.771 1523 1274.382 -407.948 1219 

1273.754 -413.654 1544 1271.265 -407.503 1394 

1274.498 -413.537 1429 1272.009 -407.386 1522 

1275.242 -413.42 1315 1272.752 -407.269 1411 

1275.986 -413.303 1068 1273.495 -407.152 1234 

1276.73 -413.186 1066 1271.122 -406.59 1189 

1277.474 -413.069 1352 1271.865 -406.474 1343 

1266.173 -413.906 1024 1272.609 -406.357 1265 

1266.917 -413.79 1296 1270.979 -405.678 1045 

1267.661 -413.674 1404 1271.722 -405.562 1235 

1268.404 -413.558 1373 1272.465 -405.445 1066 

1269.148 -413.441 1198 

1269.892 -413.325 1198 

1270.636 -413.208 1419 

1271.38 -413.092 1571 

1272.124 -412.975 1741 

1272.867 -412.859 1717 

1273.611 -412.742 1616 

1274.355 -412.625 1569 

1275.099 -412.508 1422 

1275.842 -412.391 1161 

1265.287 -413.11 968 

1266.03 -412.994 1198 
 

Okefenokee 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1401.401 -877.287 36.0 1404.777 -888.047 36.0 1388.045 -894.538 36.0 

1399.829 -877.544 36.0 1403.202 -888.305 36.0 1399.375 -894.585 36.0 

1403.275 -878.866 27.0 1401.627 -888.562 36.0 1386.469 -894.792 36.0 

1401.701 -879.123 27.0 1400.052 -888.819 36.0 1417.01 -893.581 36.0 

1400.128 -879.38 30.0 1398.477 -889.075 36.0 1397.799 -894.842 36.0 

1398.555 -879.637 36.0 1416.101 -888.073 36.0 1415.434 -893.841 36.0 

1396.982 -879.893 36.0 1396.902 -889.332 36.0 1413.858 -894.1 37.0 

1405.148 -880.444 36.0 1414.527 -888.332 36.0 1384.894 -895.046 36.0 

1403.575 -880.702 37.0 1412.952 -888.591 36.0 1396.223 -895.098 36.0 

1402.002 -880.959 36.0 1395.327 -889.588 33.0 1412.282 -894.359 36.0 

1400.428 -881.216 36.0 1411.377 -888.85 38.0 1410.706 -894.618 36.0 

1398.855 -881.473 36.0 1409.802 -889.109 29.0 1394.647 -895.354 36.0 

1397.281 -881.729 36.0 1393.752 -889.843 32.0 1409.131 -894.877 36.0 

1408.596 -881.764 36.0 1408.227 -889.368 36.0 1393.071 -895.61 36.0 

1407.023 -882.023 36.0 1392.177 -890.099 36.0 1407.555 -895.135 36.0 

1405.449 -882.281 36.0 1406.652 -889.626 36.0 1405.978 -895.393 36.0 

1403.875 -882.538 27.0 1405.077 -889.883 37.0 1391.495 -895.865 36.0 

1402.302 -882.796 27.0 1390.602 -890.354 38.0 1404.402 -895.651 36.0 

1400.728 -883.053 30.0 1403.502 -890.141 37.0 1389.918 -896.12 36.0 

1399.154 -883.309 27.0 1401.927 -890.398 37.0 1402.826 -895.908 36.0 

1397.58 -883.566 31.0 1400.352 -890.655 36.0 1401.25 -896.165 36.0 

1396.006 -883.822 36.0 1398.776 -890.912 36.0 1388.342 -896.375 36.0 

1412.045 -883.083 36.0 1416.404 -889.909 36.0 1399.674 -896.422 37.0 

1410.472 -883.342 36.0 1397.201 -891.168 36.0 1386.766 -896.629 36.0 

1394.432 -884.078 36.0 1414.829 -890.168 36.0 1417.313 -895.417 36.0 

1408.898 -883.601 36.0 1413.254 -890.428 36.0 1398.098 -896.679 36.0 

1407.324 -883.859 36.0 1395.626 -891.424 36.0 1415.737 -895.677 36.0 

1405.75 -884.117 36.0 1411.679 -890.687 38.0 1385.19 -896.884 36.0 

1404.176 -884.374 36.0 1410.103 -890.945 37.0 1414.16 -895.937 36.0 

1402.602 -884.632 36.0 1394.051 -891.68 38.0 1396.521 -896.935 36.0 

1401.028 -884.889 36.0 1408.528 -891.204 36.0 1412.584 -896.196 36.0 

1399.453 -885.146 36.0 1392.475 -891.936 36.0 1411.008 -896.455 36.0 

1397.879 -885.402 36.0 1406.953 -891.462 36.0 1383.613 -897.137 36.0 

1415.496 -884.401 27.0 1405.378 -891.72 38.0 1394.945 -897.191 36.0 

1413.922 -884.66 30.0 1390.9 -892.191 38.0 1409.432 -896.713 36.0 

1396.305 -885.658 31.0 1403.802 -891.978 37.0 1393.368 -897.447 36.0 

1412.347 -884.919 32.0 1389.324 -892.446 37.0 1407.855 -896.972 36.0 

1394.731 -885.914 27.0 1402.227 -892.235 36.0 1406.279 -897.23 36.0 

1410.773 -885.178 27.0 1400.651 -892.492 36.0 1391.792 -897.702 36.0 

1409.199 -885.437 36.0 1387.749 -892.701 36.0 1404.703 -897.488 36.0 

1393.156 -886.17 36.0 1399.076 -892.749 36.0 1390.216 -897.957 36.0 

1407.625 -885.695 36.0 1416.707 -891.745 36.0 1403.126 -897.745 36.0 

1406.051 -885.953 36.0 1397.5 -893.005 36.0 1388.639 -898.212 36.0 

1404.476 -886.211 36.0 1415.131 -892.005 36.0 1401.55 -898.002 36.0 

1402.902 -886.468 36.0 1413.556 -892.264 36.0 1399.973 -898.259 36.0 

1401.327 -886.725 36.0 1395.924 -893.261 37.0 1387.062 -898.467 36.0 

1399.753 -886.982 36.0 1411.981 -892.523 38.0 1417.615 -897.254 36.0 

1398.178 -887.239 36.0 1410.405 -892.782 38.0 1398.396 -898.516 36.0 

1415.798 -886.237 37.0 1394.349 -893.517 38.0 1416.039 -897.514 36.0 

1414.224 -886.496 36.0 1408.829 -893.04 36.0 1385.486 -898.721 36.0 

1396.604 -887.495 27.0 1392.773 -893.773 36.0 1414.463 -897.773 36.0 

1412.65 -886.755 27.0 1407.254 -893.299 36.0 1396.82 -898.772 36.0 

1395.029 -887.751 27.0 1405.678 -893.557 36.0 1412.886 -898.033 36.0 

1411.075 -887.014 27.0 1391.197 -894.028 36.0 1383.909 -898.975 36.0 

1409.501 -887.273 30.0 1404.102 -893.814 36.0 1395.243 -899.028 36.0 

1393.454 -888.007 34.0 1389.621 -894.283 36.0 1411.309 -898.291 36.0 

1407.926 -887.531 36.0 1402.526 -894.072 36.0 1409.733 -898.55 36.0 

1406.351 -887.789 36.0 1400.951 -894.329 36.0 1393.666 -899.284 36.0 
 

Okefenokee 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1382.332 -899.228 36.0 1387.952 -903.979 36.0 1400.19 -909.539 36.0 

1408.156 -898.809 36.0 1418.524 -902.764 36.0 1419.433 -908.274 36.0 

1406.579 -899.067 36.0 1399.293 -904.027 36.0 1417.854 -908.534 36.0 

1392.09 -899.539 36.0 1386.374 -904.233 36.0 1398.611 -909.796 36.0 

1405.003 -899.325 36.0 1416.947 -903.024 37.0 1416.276 -908.794 36.0 

1390.513 -899.795 36.0 1397.715 -904.284 32.0 1414.697 -909.053 36.0 

1403.426 -899.582 36.0 1415.369 -903.283 27.0 1397.032 -910.052 36.0 

1388.936 -900.049 36.0 1413.792 -903.543 36.0 1413.119 -909.313 36.0 

1401.849 -899.839 36.0 1384.796 -904.487 37.0 1411.54 -909.572 36.0 

1400.272 -900.096 36.0 1412.214 -903.802 37.0 1409.962 -909.831 36.0 

1387.359 -900.304 36.0 1410.636 -904.061 36.0 1408.383 -910.089 34.0 

1417.918 -899.09 36.0 1383.219 -904.741 36.0 1406.804 -910.347 30.0 

1398.695 -900.353 36.0 1409.059 -904.319 36.0 1405.225 -910.605 33.0 

1416.342 -899.35 36.0 1407.481 -904.577 36.0 1403.646 -910.863 33.0 

1385.782 -900.558 36.0 1381.641 -904.995 36.0 1402.067 -911.12 33.0 

1414.765 -899.61 36.0 1405.903 -904.835 36.0 1400.488 -911.377 31.0 

1397.118 -900.609 36.0 1404.326 -905.093 36.0 1419.736 -910.111 31.0 

1413.188 -899.869 36.0 1380.063 -905.248 36.0 1418.157 -910.371 36.0 

1384.205 -900.812 36.0 1389.826 -905.562 36.0 1398.909 -911.634 36.0 

1395.541 -900.865 36.0 1402.748 -905.351 36.0 1416.578 -910.631 36.0 

1411.611 -900.128 37.0 1401.17 -905.608 36.0 1414.999 -910.891 36.0 

1410.034 -900.387 37.0 1388.248 -905.817 36.0 1397.33 -911.89 36.0 

1393.964 -901.121 36.0 1399.592 -905.865 36.0 1413.42 -911.15 36.0 

1382.628 -901.066 36.0 1418.827 -904.6 36.0 1395.751 -912.146 36.0 

1408.457 -900.645 36.0 1386.67 -906.071 36.0 1411.842 -911.409 36.0 

1406.88 -900.904 36.0 1417.249 -904.86 34.0 1410.262 -911.668 36.0 

1392.387 -901.377 36.0 1398.014 -906.121 29.0 1394.172 -912.402 36.0 

1381.051 -901.319 36.0 1415.671 -905.12 30.0 1408.683 -911.926 36.0 

1405.303 -901.161 36.0 1414.094 -905.38 36.0 1407.104 -912.184 36.0 

1390.81 -901.632 36.0 1385.092 -906.325 36.0 1392.593 -912.657 36.0 

1403.726 -901.419 36.0 1412.516 -905.639 36.0 1405.525 -912.442 36.0 

1389.233 -901.887 36.0 1410.938 -905.898 36.0 1403.946 -912.7 36.0 

1402.149 -901.676 36.0 1383.514 -906.579 36.0 1402.367 -912.957 36.0 

1400.571 -901.933 36.0 1409.36 -906.156 36.0 1400.787 -913.214 36.0 

1387.655 -902.141 37.0 1407.782 -906.415 36.0 1399.208 -913.471 32.0 

1418.221 -900.927 36.0 1381.936 -906.833 36.0 1416.881 -912.468 33.0 

1398.994 -902.19 37.0 1406.204 -906.673 36.0 1415.301 -912.728 35.0 

1416.644 -901.187 36.0 1380.358 -907.086 36.0 1397.629 -913.728 35.0 

1386.078 -902.396 36.0 1404.625 -906.93 36.0 1413.722 -912.987 33.0 

1415.067 -901.446 36.0 1390.123 -907.399 36.0 1396.049 -913.984 31.0 

1397.417 -902.446 36.0 1403.047 -907.188 36.0 1412.143 -913.246 30.0 

1413.49 -901.706 36.0 1401.469 -907.445 36.0 1410.563 -913.505 31.0 

1384.501 -902.65 36.0 1388.545 -907.654 36.0 1394.47 -914.24 36.0 

1395.839 -902.703 36.0 1399.891 -907.702 36.0 1408.984 -913.764 36.0 

1411.913 -901.965 36.0 1419.13 -906.437 36.0 1392.89 -914.495 37.0 

1410.335 -902.224 36.0 1417.552 -906.697 32.0 1407.405 -914.022 36.0 

1394.262 -902.958 36.0 1398.312 -907.958 30.0 1405.825 -914.28 36.0 

1382.923 -902.904 36.0 1415.974 -906.957 33.0 1404.246 -914.538 36.0 

1408.758 -902.482 37.0 1414.396 -907.216 33.0 1402.666 -914.795 36.0 

1392.684 -903.214 36.0 1396.734 -908.215 30.0 1401.086 -915.052 36.0 

1407.181 -902.74 37.0 1412.817 -907.476 36.0 1399.507 -915.309 36.0 

1381.346 -903.157 36.0 1411.239 -907.735 36.0 1417.183 -914.305 36.0 

1405.603 -902.998 36.0 1409.661 -907.993 36.0 1415.603 -914.565 36.0 

1404.026 -903.256 36.0 1408.082 -908.252 36.0 1397.927 -915.565 36.0 

1379.768 -903.41 36.0 1406.504 -908.51 36.0 1414.024 -914.824 36.0 

1389.529 -903.724 36.0 1404.925 -908.768 36.0 1396.347 -915.822 36.0 

1402.448 -903.513 36.0 1403.347 -909.025 36.0 1412.444 -915.084 36.0 

1400.871 -903.77 36.0 1401.768 -909.282 36.0 1410.864 -915.343 32.0 
 

Okefenokee 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1394.767 -916.078 36.0 1405.444 -921.888 36.0 1420.881 -926.907 37.0 

1409.285 -915.601 36.0 1403.863 -922.146 36.0 1419.299 -927.168 36.0 

1393.187 -916.333 36.0 1402.282 -922.403 36.0 1400.015 -928.432 36.0 

1407.705 -915.859 33.0 1421.554 -921.134 36.0 1417.717 -927.428 36.0 

1406.125 -916.117 31.0 1400.701 -922.66 36.0 1416.135 -927.688 36.0 

1404.545 -916.375 32.0 1419.973 -921.394 36.0 1398.433 -928.688 36.0 

1402.965 -916.633 36.0 1399.12 -922.917 36.0 1414.553 -927.947 36.0 

1401.385 -916.89 36.0 1416.811 -921.915 36.0 1396.851 -928.945 36.0 

1399.805 -917.147 36.0 1415.23 -922.174 36.0 1412.971 -928.206 36.0 

1417.485 -916.142 36.0 1397.539 -923.174 36.0 1411.389 -928.465 36.0 

1415.905 -916.402 36.0 1413.649 -922.434 36.0 1395.268 -929.201 36.0 

1398.225 -917.403 36.0 1412.068 -922.693 36.0 1409.807 -928.724 36.0 

1414.325 -916.662 36.0 1395.958 -923.43 36.0 1408.225 -928.983 36.0 

1396.645 -917.66 36.0 1410.487 -922.952 36.0 1406.643 -929.241 37.0 

1412.745 -916.921 36.0 1394.376 -923.686 36.0 1405.06 -929.498 37.0 

1411.165 -917.18 36.0 1408.906 -923.21 36.0 1403.478 -929.756 37.0 

1395.065 -917.916 36.0 1407.325 -923.468 36.0 1401.896 -930.013 37.0 

1409.585 -917.439 36.0 1392.795 -923.941 36.0 1421.184 -928.745 37.0 

1393.485 -918.171 36.0 1405.744 -923.726 36.0 1419.602 -929.005 37.0 

1408.005 -917.697 36.0 1404.162 -923.984 36.0 1400.313 -930.27 37.0 

1406.425 -917.955 36.0 1402.581 -924.241 36.0 1418.02 -929.266 37.0 

1391.904 -918.427 36.0 1401 -924.499 36.0 1416.437 -929.525 37.0 

1404.845 -918.213 36.0 1420.276 -923.232 36.0 1398.731 -930.527 37.0 

1403.264 -918.47 36.0 1399.418 -924.755 36.0 1414.855 -929.785 37.0 

1401.684 -918.728 36.0 1417.113 -923.752 36.0 1397.148 -930.783 37.0 

1420.948 -917.459 33.0 1415.532 -924.012 36.0 1413.272 -930.044 37.0 

1419.368 -917.72 29.0 1397.837 -925.012 41.0 

1400.104 -918.985 36.0 1413.951 -924.271 37.0 

1417.788 -917.98 36.0 1412.369 -924.531 36.0 

1398.523 -919.241 36.0 1396.255 -925.268 36.0 

1416.207 -918.24 36.0 1410.788 -924.79 36.0 

1414.627 -918.499 36.0 1394.674 -925.524 36.0 

1396.943 -919.497 36.0 1409.206 -925.048 36.0 

1413.047 -918.759 36.0 1407.625 -925.306 36.0 

1411.466 -919.018 36.0 1393.092 -925.78 36.0 

1395.362 -919.754 36.0 1406.043 -925.564 36.0 

1409.886 -919.276 36.0 1404.462 -925.822 36.0 

1393.782 -920.009 36.0 1402.88 -926.08 36.0 

1408.305 -919.535 36.0 1401.298 -926.337 36.0 

1406.725 -919.793 36.0 1420.578 -925.069 36.0 

1405.144 -920.051 36.0 1418.997 -925.33 36.0 

1403.564 -920.308 36.0 1399.717 -926.594 36.0 

1401.983 -920.565 36.0 1417.415 -925.59 36.0 

1419.67 -919.557 36.0 1415.834 -925.85 36.0 

1400.402 -920.822 37.0 1398.135 -926.85 36.0 

1418.09 -919.817 35.0 1414.252 -926.109 36.0 

1398.822 -921.079 30.0 1396.553 -927.106 36.0 

1416.509 -920.077 36.0 1412.67 -926.368 36.0 

1414.929 -920.337 36.0 1411.089 -926.627 36.0 

1397.241 -921.336 36.0 1394.971 -927.362 36.0 

1413.348 -920.596 36.0 1409.507 -926.886 36.0 

1411.767 -920.855 36.0 1393.389 -927.618 36.0 

1395.66 -921.592 36.0 1407.925 -927.144 36.0 

1410.187 -921.114 36.0 1406.343 -927.402 36.0 

1394.079 -921.847 36.0 1404.761 -927.66 36.0 

1408.606 -921.372 36.0 1403.179 -927.918 36.0 

1407.025 -921.631 36.0 1422.463 -926.646 36.0 

1392.498 -922.103 36.0 1401.597 -928.175 37.0 
 

Wolf Island 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y 

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conformal Y

(km) 

Height 

(m) 

1485.848 -828.138 1.0 

1485.225 -829.19 1.0 

1486.007 -829.054 1.0 

1486.789 -828.918 3.0 

1487.571 -828.781 2.0 

1488.353 -828.645 1.0 

1485.385 -830.106 1.0 

1489.135 -828.509 1.0 

1486.167 -829.97 1.0 

1486.949 -829.834 1.0 

1487.731 -829.697 1.0 

1488.513 -829.561 1.0 

1489.295 -829.424 1.0 

1486.327 -830.886 1.0 

1487.109 -830.749 1.0 

1487.891 -830.613 1.0 

1488.673 -830.476 1.0 

1489.455 -830.34 1.0 

1486.486 -831.801 1.0 

1487.268 -831.665 1.0 

1488.051 -831.529 1.0 

1488.833 -831.392 1.0 

1489.615 -831.256 1.0 

1487.428 -832.581 1.0 

1488.21 -832.444 1.0 

1488.993 -832.308 1.0 

1489.775 -832.171 1.0 

1488.53 -834.276 1.0 

1488.69 -835.192 1.0 

1489.472 -835.055 1.0 
 

Cape Romain Class I Area 

Lambert Conformal X (km) Lambert Conformal Y (km) Height (m) 

1609.918 -633.619 0 

1610.682 -633.471 1 

1610.506 -632.561 1 

1611.27 -632.414 1 

1611.094 -631.504 1 

1611.858 -631.356 1 

1610.154 -630.742 1 

1610.918 -630.594 1 

1611.682 -630.446 1 

1612.446 -630.298 1 

1610.742 -629.684 1 

1611.506 -629.537 1 

1612.27 -629.389 1 

1610.566 -628.775 0 

1611.33 -628.627 1 

1612.093 -628.479 1 

1612.857 -628.331 1 

1610.39 -627.865 1 

1611.154 -627.717 1 

1610.214 -626.955 1 

1610.978 -626.807 1 

1611.741 -626.66 1 

1610.802 -625.898 1 

1611.565 -625.75 1 

1610.626 -624.988 1 

1611.389 -624.84 2 

1612.152 -624.693 1 

1615.968 -623.952 0 

1611.213 -623.931 1 

1611.976 -623.783 1 

1616.554 -622.895 0 

1611.037 -623.021 1 

1611.8 -622.873 1 

1612.387 -621.816 1 

1613.149 -621.668 1 

1617.727 -620.779 0 

1612.973 -620.758 1 

1613.736 -620.61 1 

1621.949 -618.069 0 

1622.712 -617.92 1 

1623.474 -617.772 1 
 

Cape Romain Class I Area 

Lambert Conformal X (km) Lambert Conformal Y (km) Height (m) 

1614.146 -618.643 1 

1623.297 -616.862 1 

1624.059 -616.713 1 

1624.822 -616.564 1 

1625.584 -616.415 1 

1633.208 -614.921 1 

1633.97 -614.771 0 

1614.732 -617.586 1 

1621.594 -616.25 0 

1622.357 -616.102 1 

1623.119 -615.953 1 

1623.882 -615.804 1 

1624.644 -615.655 1 

1625.406 -615.506 1 

1626.169 -615.357 1 

1626.931 -615.208 1 

1627.693 -615.059 1 

1628.456 -614.909 2 

1629.218 -614.76 2 

1629.98 -614.611 1 

1630.742 -614.461 2 

1631.505 -614.311 1 

1633.791 -613.862 0 

1615.318 -616.528 1 

1616.08 -616.38 1 

1616.843 -616.232 1 

1620.655 -615.49 0 

1621.417 -615.341 1 

1622.179 -615.192 1 

1622.942 -615.044 1 

1623.704 -614.895 1 

1624.466 -614.746 1 

1625.229 -614.597 1 

1628.278 -614 1 

1629.04 -613.851 1 

1632.088 -613.253 1 

1634.375 -612.803 0 

1619.715 -614.729 0 

1620.477 -614.581 1 

1621.24 -614.432 1 

1622.002 -614.283 1 
 

Cape Romain Class I Area 

Lambert Conformal X (km) Lambert Conformal Y (km) Height (m) 

1622.764 -614.134 1 

1623.526 -613.986 1 

1624.289 -613.837 1 

1625.051 -613.688 1 

1625.813 -613.539 1 

1626.575 -613.389 1 

1627.337 -613.24 1 

1629.624 -612.792 1 

1630.386 -612.643 1 

1631.148 -612.493 1 

1631.91 -612.344 1 

1634.196 -611.894 0 

1618.776 -613.968 1 

1619.538 -613.82 1 

1620.3 -613.671 1 

1621.062 -613.523 1 

1621.824 -613.374 1 

1622.587 -613.225 1 

1623.349 -613.076 1 

1624.111 -612.927 1 

1624.873 -612.778 1 

1625.635 -612.629 1 

1626.397 -612.48 1 

1627.159 -612.331 1 

1627.921 -612.182 1 

1628.683 -612.033 1 

1629.445 -611.883 1 

1630.207 -611.734 1 

1630.969 -611.584 1 

1634.017 -610.985 0 

1620.123 -612.762 1 

1620.885 -612.613 1 

1621.647 -612.465 1 

1622.409 -612.316 1 

1623.171 -612.167 1 

1623.933 -612.018 1 

1624.695 -611.869 1 

1625.457 -611.72 1 

1626.219 -611.571 1 

1626.981 -611.422 1 

1627.743 -611.273 1 
 

Cape Romain Class I Area 

Lambert Conformal X (km) Lambert Conformal Y (km) Height (m) 

1628.505 -611.123 1 

1633.077 -610.226 0 

1633.839 -610.076 1 

1634.6 -609.927 1 

1621.47 -611.555 1 

1622.232 -611.407 1 

1622.994 -611.258 1 

1623.756 -611.109 1 

1624.517 -610.96 1 

1625.279 -610.811 1 

1626.041 -610.662 1 

1626.803 -610.513 1 

1627.565 -610.364 1 

1628.327 -610.214 1 

1629.089 -610.065 1 

1629.851 -609.916 1 

1630.613 -609.766 1 

1634.422 -609.018 0 

1624.34 -610.051 1 

1625.102 -609.902 1 

1625.863 -609.753 1 

1626.625 -609.604 1 

1627.387 -609.455 1 

1628.149 -609.305 1 

1628.911 -609.156 1 

1629.672 -609.007 1 

1630.434 -608.857 1 

1634.243 -608.109 0 

1628.732 -608.247 1 

1629.494 -608.098 1 

1630.256 -607.948 1 

1631.017 -607.799 1 

1629.316 -607.189 1 

1630.077 -607.039 1 

1630.839 -606.89 1 

1631.601 -606.74 1 

1629.899 -606.13 1 

1630.66 -605.981 1 

1631.422 -605.831 1 

1629.721 -605.221 1 

1630.482 -605.072 1 
 

Joyce Kilmer Slickrock 

Lambert 

Confor

mal X 

(km) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l X (km) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conformal 

X (km) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

1174.116 -429.607 1154 1168.724 -423.854 1065 

1174.861 -429.499 1056 1169.468 -423.747 836 

1175.607 -429.391 903 1170.213 -423.64 700 

1176.352 -429.283 820 1170.958 -423.532 782 

1177.097 -429.175 818 1171.703 -423.425 961 

1173.239 -428.8 1278 1173.937 -423.102 809 

1173.984 -428.693 1069 1174.682 -422.995 941 

1174.729 -428.585 913 1167.847 -423.047 991 

1175.475 -428.477 776 1168.592 -422.94 817 

1176.22 -428.369 788 1169.337 -422.833 751 

1176.965 -428.262 750 1170.081 -422.726 635 

1172.362 -427.994 1327 1170.826 -422.619 772 

1173.107 -427.887 1085 1171.571 -422.511 882 

1173.852 -427.779 985 1168.461 -422.026 954 

1174.597 -427.671 934 1169.205 -421.919 739 

1175.342 -427.563 978 1169.95 -421.812 620 

1176.088 -427.456 982 1170.694 -421.705 635 

1176.833 -427.348 824 1171.439 -421.597 700 

1169.995 -427.402 1317 1172.184 -421.49 865 

1170.74 -427.295 1394 1168.329 -421.113 943 

1171.485 -427.188 1487 1169.074 -421.005 742 

1172.23 -427.08 1308 1169.818 -420.898 505 

1172.975 -426.973 1237 1170.563 -420.791 558 

1173.72 -426.865 1336 1171.307 -420.684 538 

1174.465 -426.757 1290 1172.052 -420.576 686 

1175.21 -426.65 1304 1168.198 -420.199 946 

1175.955 -426.542 1111 1168.942 -420.092 760 

1176.7 -426.434 1066 1169.686 -419.984 644 

1169.863 -426.489 1189 1170.431 -419.877 491 

1170.608 -426.381 1127 1171.175 -419.77 442 

1171.353 -426.274 1299 1171.92 -419.662 491 

1172.098 -426.166 1380 1168.066 -419.285 959 

1172.843 -426.059 1553 1168.81 -419.178 752 

1173.588 -425.951 1336 1169.555 -419.071 528 

1174.333 -425.844 1219 1170.299 -418.963 598 

1175.078 -425.736 1109 1171.043 -418.856 515 

1175.823 -425.628 1133 1171.788 -418.749 400 

1176.568 -425.52 1226 1172.532 -418.641 523 

1168.987 -425.682 1280 1167.935 -418.371 712 

1169.731 -425.575 1136 1170.167 -418.05 743 

1170.476 -425.467 906 1170.912 -417.942 684 

1171.221 -425.36 999 1171.656 -417.835 538 

1171.966 -425.253 1170 1172.4 -417.727 361 

1172.711 -425.145 1376 

1173.456 -425.037 1318 

1174.201 -424.93 1369 

1174.946 -424.822 1152 

1175.691 -424.714 924 

1176.436 -424.607 882 

1168.11 -424.875 1151 

1168.855 -424.768 1116 

1169.6 -424.661 1044 

1170.345 -424.554 772 

1171.09 -424.446 866 

1171.834 -424.339 1090 

1173.324 -424.124 1020 

1174.069 -424.016 1067 

1167.979 -423.961 1224 
 

Linville Gorge 

Lambert 

Conforma

l X (km) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l X (km) 

Lambert 

Conformal 

Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l X (km) 

Lambert 

Conforma

l Y (km) 

Height 

(m) 

1349.498 -350.859 468 1346.472 -337.331 924 

1350.236 -350.735 457 1347.209 -337.207 901 

1349.345 -349.949 478 1347.946 -337.084 1114 

1350.083 -349.825 576 1348.683 -336.96 1219 

1347.717 -349.286 550 1345.583 -336.544 946 

1348.455 -349.162 472 1346.32 -336.421 983 

1349.193 -349.039 721 1347.056 -336.297 1142 

1349.931 -348.915 759 1346.167 -335.511 1063 

1350.669 -348.791 600 

1351.406 -348.667 517 

1347.564 -348.376 641 

1348.302 -348.252 439 

1349.04 -348.129 607 

1349.778 -348.005 881 

1350.516 -347.881 758 

1347.412 -347.466 920 

1348.15 -347.342 665 

1348.887 -347.219 458 

1349.625 -347.095 585 

1350.363 -346.971 870 

1347.997 -346.432 826 

1348.735 -346.308 518 

1349.473 -346.185 525 

1350.21 -346.061 695 

1350.948 -345.937 892 

1347.845 -345.522 874 

1348.582 -345.398 581 

1349.32 -345.275 573 

1350.057 -345.151 664 

1348.43 -344.488 728 

1349.167 -344.364 694 

1349.905 -344.241 914 

1348.277 -343.578 756 

1349.015 -343.454 631 

1349.752 -343.331 944 

1348.125 -342.668 826 

1348.862 -342.544 624 

1349.599 -342.42 965 

1347.972 -341.758 732 

1348.709 -341.634 685 

1349.446 -341.51 889 

1347.819 -340.848 890 

1348.557 -340.724 697 

1349.294 -340.6 827 

1346.93 -340.061 1096 

1347.667 -339.938 749 

1348.404 -339.814 816 

1349.141 -339.69 1106 

1346.777 -339.151 1055 

1347.514 -339.027 762 

1348.251 -338.904 909 

1348.988 -338.78 1092 

1345.888 -338.364 941 

1346.625 -338.241 813 

1347.362 -338.117 953 

1348.099 -337.994 1097 

1348.835 -337.87 1083 

1345.735 -337.454 923