From: Telander, Jeff [mailto:Telander.Jeff@epa.gov] 

Sent: Wednesday, October 15, 2014 1:24 PM 

To: Frey, Nathan J. 

Cc: Barnett, Keith; VanLare, Paula 

Subject: Brick and Structural Clay Impacts 

Nathan, 

Per your request for the document which discusses engineering costs, I’ve attached the current 

draft of the BSCP Impacts Memo. 

Jeff Telander 

Sector Policies and Programs Division 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

(D243-02) 

RTP, NC 27711 

919 - 541-5427 

919 - 541-5450 (FAX) 

Overnight mail address: 

US EPA 

Mail Code D243-02 

109 TW Alexander Drive 

RTP, NC 27709 

<< BSCP_Impacts_Memo_10-13-14.docx >> 
Date: October 13, 2014 

To: Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD 

From: Kristin Sroka, RTI International 

Subject: Development of Cost and Emission Reduction Impacts for the BSCP NESHAP 

I. Introduction 

In accordance with section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) established national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants 

(NESHAP) on May 16, 2003, for the brick and structural clay products (BSCP) manufacturing 

industry. The NESHAP regulated emissions of hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride 

(HCl), and particulate matter (PM)—a surrogate for hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals—from 

tunnel kilns located at BSCP facilities. On March 13, 2007, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated the 

emission standards for BSCP manufacturing due to issues associated with the methodology used 

to determine the minimum regulatory “floors” for new and existing units.1 Therefore, the EPA is 

proposing new standards for BSCP manufacturing, including standards for HF, HCl, chlorine 

(Cl2), mercury (Hg), and non-Hg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). 

The proposed standards include health-based standards for acid gases (HF, HCl, and Cl2) 

and maximum achievable control technology (MACT) numeric emission limits for Hg and nonHg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). In developing the proposed standards, the EPA also 

considered “beyond-the-floor” options for Hg and non-Hg HAP metals, as well as alternative 

standards for non-Hg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). The development of these standards and 

options are documented in Risk Assessment to Determine a Health-Based Emission Limitation 

for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing Source Category

(Morris et al, 2014) and Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis for 

Brick and Structural Clay Products (Raymond and Sroka, 2014). The purpose of this 

memorandum is to present the methodology for estimating the costs, emission reductions, and 

secondary impacts associated with these standards/options for the BSCP source category. A 

background discussion of the types of costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts being 

estimated is provided in Methodology and Assumptions Used to Estimate the Model Costs and 

Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control Devices (Holloway, 2014a). 

 

1 Sierra Club v. EPA, 479 F.3d 875 (D.C. Cir. 2007). 
2 

Section II of this memorandum shows the nationwide baseline emissions for the BSCP 

industry. Section III describes the development of the cost estimates for facilities that elect to 

reduce emissions and become reclassified as synthetic area sources rather than major sources. 

Section IV describes the assessment of what air pollution control devices (APCD) would be 

needed for major source facilities to meet the proposed health-based standards. Section V 

describes the analysis of what APCD would be needed for tunnel kiln stacks to meet the 

proposed MACT standards and presents the nationwide costs, emission reductions, and 

secondary impacts associated with meeting all the proposed standards. Section VI describes the 

calculation of the nationwide costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts associated the 

beyond-the-floor options for non-Hg HAP metals and Hg. Finally, Section VII describes the 

calculation of the nationwide costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts associated with 

the alternative non-Hg HAP metals standards. 

II. Baseline Emissions 

Uncontrolled emission factors, model kiln production rates, and model kiln operating 

hours were developed as described in Methodology and Assumptions Used to Estimate the Model 

Costs and Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control Devices (Holloway, 2014a). The 

memorandum also documents control efficiencies and emissions reductions for new/retrofit 

APCD installations. The efficiencies and emissions for existing (baseline) APCD, including dry 

sorbent injection followed by a fabric filter (DIFF), dry lime scrubber and fabric filter (DLS/FF), 

dry limestone adsorber (DLA), and spray dryer/electrostatic precipitator (SD/ESP), were based 

on all the available test data (see Test Data Used in BSCP Proposed Rule (Raymond, 2014)). 

Table 1 shows the control efficiencies of baseline DIFF, DLS/FF, and DLA for HF, HCl, Cl2, 

PM, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Table 2 shows the annual baseline emission estimates in tons per 

year (tpy) for small and large APCD. 

Table 1. Control Efficiencies for Baseline APCD 

APCD Type 

Efficiency 

HF HCl Cl2 PMa SO2

DIFF 98% 82% 88% 72% 48% 

DLS/FF 98% 82% 88% 72% 48% 

DLA 95% 30% 42% 20% 12% 

a Control efficiencies for non-Hg HAP metals and PM with particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) are 

estimated to be the same as the efficiency for PM. 
3 

Table 2. Annual Baseline Emissions for Each APCD 

APCD 

Type Size 

Emissions per APCD (tpy)a

HF HCl Cl2

Non-Hg 

HAP 

Metals PM PM2.5 SO2

None Small 15.2 2.07 0.0884 0.0910 8.27 3.97 82.5

DIFF Small 0.304 0.372 0.0106 0.0255 2.32 1.11 42.9

DLS/FF Small 0.304 0.372 0.0106 0.0255 2.32 1.11 42.9

DLA Small 0.759 1.45 0.0512 0.0728 6.62 3.18 72.6

SD/ESP Small 17.5 4.28 0.543 0.00910 0.83 0.397 42.9

None Large 34.8 4.73 0.202 0.208 18.9 9.09 189

DIFF Large 0.695 0.851 0.0243 0.0583 5.30 2.55 98.3

DLS/FF Large 0.695 0.851 0.0243 0.0583 5.30 2.55 98.3

DLA Large 1.74 3.31 0.117 0.167 15.2 7.27 166

SD/ESP Large 37.5 9.14 1.16 0.0195 1.77 0.849 98.3

a There are no existing controls for mercury (Hg), so each small kiln stack is estimated to emit a baseline of 

0.00160 tpy of Hg and each large kiln stack is estimated to emit a baseline of 0.00366 tpy of Hg. 

The inventory of BSCP kilns and facilities, including the APCD for each kiln stack is 

presented in Updated BSCP Inventory Database and Documentation (Holloway, 2014b). To 

develop the nationwide baseline emission estimates, each kiln stack in this inventory was 

assigned the appropriate baseline emissions from Table 2 based on the size and type of APCD on 

the stack. Table 3 summarizes the number of BSCP kiln stacks with each type of APCD and the 

total nationwide baseline emissions. 
4 

Table 3. Nationwide Baseline Emissions Estimates for BSCP Tunnel Kilns 

APCD 

Type Size Count 

Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

NonHg 

HAP 

Metals Hg PM PM2.5 SO2

None Small 74 1,120 153 6.54 6.73 0.118 612 294 6,110

DIFF Small 1 0.304 0.372 0.0106 0.0255 0.00160 2.32 1.11 42.9

DLS/FF Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DLA Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SD/ESP Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

None Large 36 1,250 170 7.28 7.50 0.132 682 327 6,800

DIFF Large 13 9.04 11.1 0.316 0.758 0.0475 68.9 33.1 1,280

DLS/FF Large 1 0.695 0.851 0.0243 0.0583 0.00366 5.30 2.55 98.3

DLA Large 25 43.5 82.8 2.93 4.17 0.0914 379 182 4,160

SD/ESP Large 1 37.5 9.14 1.16 0.0195 0.00366 1.77 0.849 98.3

Total 151 2,470 427 18.3 19.3 0.398 1,750 841 18,600

III. Estimate of Cost to Facilities to Become Synthetic Area Sources 

Given the large number of small entities in the BSCP industry, it is anticipated that 

owners and operators will explore the possibility of reducing emissions below the thresholds 

defining a major source of HAP emissions (potential to emit [PTE] 10 tpy of a single HAP or 

25 tpy of all HAP combined) and becoming reclassified as a synthetic area source so that their 

sources would not be subject to the BSCP NESHAP. If an owner or operator estimates that the 

cost to become a synthetic area source is less than the compliance costs for the BSCP NESHAP, 

it is expected that the owner or operator would elect to become a synthetic area source. The 

methodology behind this analysis is described in this section; Appendix A shows the detailed 

calculations for each BSCP tunnel kiln and facility. 

To compare the cost to become a synthetic area source to the BSCP NESHAP 

compliance costs, the cost for each facility to become a synthetic area source was estimated 

based on the facility’s current emission estimates and whether installation of a DLA would 

reduce the acid gas emissions below major source thresholds. Design capacities are available for 

each tunnel kiln at each major source facility in the BSCP industry (Holloway, 2014b), and test 

data are available for some of those kilns (Raymond, 2014). The design capacities, site-specific 

test data (where available; emission factors were used if test data were not available), and model 

control device parameters were used to estimate potential emissions from each kiln before and 

after control. 

For simplicity, the analysis was limited to HF, HCl, and Cl2, since those are the 

predominant HAP emitted from BSCP kilns by mass. If HF, HCl, and/or Cl2 test data were 

available for a kiln, the emission factor calculated from the test in units of pounds of emissions 

per ton of bricks (lb/ton) was used to estimate potential emissions. If not, the average lb/ton 
5 

emission factor for the existing control device (calculated based on the available BSCP test data 

for those pollutants) was used. 

A code was assigned to each kiln indicating the source of the data. Since the Cl2 data set 

was limited, the main focus was the source of HF and HCl data. If both HF and HCl emissions 

were based on test data, the code of “2” was assigned; if the emissions for one pollutant were 

based on test data but the emissions for the other were based on the average emission factor, a 

code of “1” was assigned, and if no test data were available for that kiln, a code of “0” was 

assigned. The HF, HCl, and Cl2 emissions for each kiln were then calculated in tpy based on the 

kiln design capacity, assuming 8,760 hours of operation per year (in order to estimate the 

maximum PTE), and then summed per kiln and then per facility. 

The current status (i.e., major or synthetic area source) was estimated based on the 

following assumptions: 

 If both HF and HCl test data were available for all kilns at the facility (code of 2) and 

the total facility estimated PTE was less than 90 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

 If a mix of test data and emission factors were used for the facility (code of 1) and the 

total facility estimated PTE was less than 75 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

 If no test data for any kilns at the facility were available (code of 0) and the total 

facility estimated PTE was less than 60 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

It should be noted that to the EPA’s knowledge, all of the facilities in the analysis are 

currently classified as major sources. The sources estimated to be synthetic area sources in this 

analysis are facilities with emissions data suggesting that they could apply for synthetic area 

status with their permitting authority without needing to add APCD or reduce the kiln production 

rates (i.e., becoming a synthetic area source would require minimal cost). Based on the analysis, 

15 of the 86 current major sources have low enough PTE that they could become synthetic area 

sources with minimal cost (i.e., submitting paperwork to their permitting authority for a formal 

change in classification). 

The next step was to assign an action to be taken and estimate “controlled” emissions. If 

the kiln was already controlled, or if the facility was already considered a synthetic area source 

based on current emissions, the action was “None”; otherwise it was “Install DLA.” (For the 

purposes of this analysis, it was assumed that the cost to retrofit currently-controlled tunnel kilns 

would not be less than the cost to comply with the BSCP NESHAP.) A few uncontrolled kilns 

were manually adjusted to “None” for facilities with multiple kilns that could become synthetic 

area sources without controlling all kilns. See Appendix A for these designations. 

Controlled emissions for kilns with an action of “Install DLA” were estimated as a 

reduction from the individual kiln PTE for HF, HCl, and Cl2 based on the DLA control 

efficiencies presented in Table 1. If the action was “None,” controlled emissions were estimated 

to be equivalent to the PTE (as calculated above). The “controlled” emissions for each kiln at 

each facility were then summed. 
6 

The next step was to determine what the major/area source status would be after DLA 

were installed (where possible), based on the following assumptions: 

 If no DLA would be installed, both HF and HCl test data were available for all kilns 

at the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 90 percent of the 

major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional 

control. 

 If no DLA would be installed, a mix of test data and emission factors were used for 

the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 75 percent of the major 

source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional 

control. 

 If no DLA would be installed, no test data were available for any kilns at the facility, 

and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 60 percent of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, both HF and HCl test data were available for 

all kilns at the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 80 percent of 

the major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, a mix of test data and emission factors were 

used for the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 65 percent of 

the major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, no test data were available for any kilns at the 

facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 50 percent of the major 

source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

After determining major/area source status, the capital and annual costs of installing a 

DLA were estimated, if doing so was estimated to enable the facility to become synthetic area. 

The DLA costs were estimated using model costs developed based on cost and parameter 

information from BSCP industry responses to the 2008 section 114 survey (Holloway, 2014a). 

The costs for each kiln were then summed for each facility considered synthetic area after 

control. If the facility would still be major even with a DLA installed on each uncontrolled kiln, 

the costs were left blank. If the potential action was “None” (i.e., the kiln was already controlled 

or the facility was already expected to be a synthetic area source), the facility costs were 

estimated as $0. 

IV. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting Health-Based Standards 

For the acid gases HF, HCl, and Cl2, a health-based emission limit was developed for 

acid gases under CAA section 112(d)(4). The rationale behind the standard is discussed in the 

preamble to the BSCP proposed rule. The development of the facility-level health-based 

emission limit, 250 tons per year (tpy) of HCl-equivalent (57 pounds per hour (lb/hr) of HClequivalent), is documented in Risk Assessment to Determine a Health-Based Emission Limitation 

for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing Source Category

(Morris et al, 2014). The methodology for estimating the impacts of meeting this standard is 

described in this section; Appendix B shows the detailed calculations for each BSCP tunnel kiln 

and facility. 
7 

The equivalency of HCl with HF and Cl2 is based on the chronic Reference 

Concentration (RfC) values for each of the acid gases. The RfC for HCl is 20 micrograms per 

cubic meter (μg/m3

), the RfC for HF is 14 μg/m3, and the RfC for Cl2 is 0.15 μg/m3 (Morris et al, 

2014). Therefore, the following equation can be used to calculate the HCl-equivalent emissions 

for an individual kiln: 

































 



 



















  

2

2

Cl

HCl

Cl

HF

HCl

i HCl HF RfC

RfC E

RfC

RfC E E E

where: 

 E = HCl-equivalent emissions, lb/hr 

 EHCl = emissions of HCl, lb/hr 

 EHF = emissions of HF, lb/hr 

 ECl2 = emissions of Cl2, lb/hr 

 RfCHCl = reference concentration for HCl, 20 μg/m3

 RfCHF = reference concentration for HF, 14 μg/m3

 RfCCl2 = reference concentration for chlorine, 0.15 μg/m3

Design capacities are available for each tunnel kiln at each major source facility in the 

BSCP industry, and permitted capacities are available for some tunnel kilns (Holloway, 2014b). 

Test data are available for some of the kilns in the BSCP industry (Raymond, 2014). If test data 

were not available for all acid gas emissions (i.e., HF, HCl, and Cl2), emission factors were used 

to estimate emissions. This information was used in the equation above to calculate an HClequivalent value for each kiln. The HCl-equivalent values were summed for each kiln at a 

facility and then compared to the health-based emission limit. If a facility did not meet the 

health-based emission limit, the type of control needed was determined based on factors such as 

the current kiln APCD, the number of kilns at the facility, and how much the HCl-equivalent 

emissions exceeded the health-based emission limit. (Note that the final costs and emission 

reductions for each kiln were not calculated until the impacts for meeting the PM/non-Hg HAP 

metals and Hg limits were assessed as described in Section V of this memorandum.) 

As shown in Appendix B, all but one BSCP facility could meet the health-based emission 

limit with current control configurations. The facility not meeting the limit is Belden Brick 

Company’s facility in Sugarcreek, Ohio, with an HCl-equivalent estimate of 120 lb/hr from a 

total of 10 tunnel kilns, some of which are vented together through a common stack or APCD. 

Most of the HCl-equivalent emissions (about 71 percent) are generated by the three kilns 

controlled by a SD/ESP at the part of the facility known as Plant #8. Removing the SD/ESP and 

retrofitting the stack with a DIFF is expected to reduce HCl-equivalent emissions well below the 

health-based emission limit, even without reducing emissions from any of the other seven kilns 

at this facility. 
8 

V. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting Hg and non-Hg HAP Metals 

Proposed Standards 

There are 172 tunnel kilns with 151 stacks at facilities currently classified as major 

sources in the BSCP industry. There are 23 tunnel kilns with 19 stacks at the 15 facilities 

identified in Section III of this memorandum that could become synthetic area sources with 

minimal cost, leaving 149 tunnel kilns with 132 stacks potentially impacted by the proposed Hg 

and non-Hg HAP metals standards. A summary of these kilns by size and APCD is shown in 

Table 4; the stack counts for these kilns were used for all remaining analyses in this 

memorandum. 

Table 4. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kilns and APCD 

Kiln Size APCD Type Number of Kilns Number of Kiln Stacks 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 9 8 

 DLA 18 14 

 None 32 31 

Small Kilns SD/ESP 3 1 

 None 87 78 

Total 149 132 

The proposed BSCP NESHAP includes MACT standards for Hg and for non-Hg HAP 

metals (with PM as a surrogate) (see Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor 

Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay Products (Raymond and Sroka, 2014) for additional 

information on these standards). As noted previously, test data were available for some kilns in 

the industry (including major and synthetic area sources). Data on PM emissions were available 

for about 40 percent of the kilns, while Hg and non-Hg HAP metals data were only available for 

about 10 percent or less of the kilns (Raymond, 2014). Therefore, rather than evaluating the 

impacts of the standards on a kiln-by-kiln basis, as was done for the health-based emission limit, 

several assumptions were needed to evaluate the impacts on the whole industry. This analysis 

was completed in a series of four steps, described in the remainder of this section. 

Step 1: Compare Test Data to Emission Limits 

The first step was to compare the data available with the proposed emission limits to get 

an estimate of the percentage of tunnel kilns in the industry that could meet the limits with 

current APCD configurations. Table 5 shows the percentages for the PM and Hg lb/ton and 

concentration emission limits by kiln size and the most common types of APCD (for PM). 
9 

Table 5. Percentages of BSCP Tunnel Kiln Stacks at Major and Synthetic Area Sources 

With Data Less Than or Equal to Proposed Emission Limits 

Pollutant Kiln Size APCD Type 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

with Dataa

Percentage of Kilns Meetingb

lb/ton 

Limit 

Concentration 

Limit 

At Least 

One Limit 

PM Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 28 92.9% 92.9% 92.9% 

 DLA 30 70.0% 76.7% 86.7% 

 None 3 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 

 Small Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 1 100% 100% 100% 

 DLA 0 ND ND ND 

 None 16 25.0% 62.5% 62.5% 

Hg Large Kilns All 18 16.7% 55.6% 55.6% 

 Small Kilns All 1 100% 100% 100% 

a PM data were also available for one stack controlled by a SD/ESP (small kilns) and three large kilns with wet 

scrubbers. Those kilns are not shown in the counts for PM emissions data because the SD/ESP is expected to be 

replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum) and all three wet scrubbers are located at synthetic area 

sources, so the results for those APCD are not needed for purposes of estimating impacts on major source 

facilities. In addition, the analysis does not assume that wet scrubbers would be installed or retrofitted to meet the 

proposed PM standards. These kilns are included in the counts for Hg data; because none of the APCD currently 

in use in the BSCP industry target Hg reductions, the ability to meet the Hg standards is not expected to be affected 

by type of current APCD.

b ND = no test data available for that pollutant, kiln size, and APCD combination. 

Of the large kilns with both PM and Hg data, seven of the 18 kiln stacks meet at least one 

of the PM and one of the Hg limits. (One of these stacks is controlled with a wet scrubber and is 

not included in the kiln stack counts with PM data in Table 5, as indicated in footnote a to 

Table 4.) For small kilns, Hg data are only available for three kilns vented together and 

controlled with a SD/ESP; this device also meets the PM concentration limit for small kilns. 

Step 2: Develop Preliminary Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The percentages from Table 5 were applied to the kiln stack counts in Table 4 to 

determine the number of kiln stacks estimated to be able to meet the proposed MACT floors. 

From these estimates, preliminary estimates of the number of APCD needed to be installed were 

developed using the following criteria: 

 If the kiln is expected to meet both a PM and a Hg limit, no additional APCD is 

needed. 

 If an uncontrolled kiln or a kiln with a DLA can meet a Hg limit but none of the PM 

limits, a FF would be needed. 

 If an uncontrolled kiln or a kiln with a DLA cannot meet either of the Hg limits, a FF 

with activated carbon injection (ACI) would be needed regardless of whether the kiln 

can meet a PM limit, as the FF would be needed for the capture of the activated 

carbon injected into the gas stream. 

 If a kiln with a DIFF or DLS/FF cannot meet either of the Hg limits, ACI would be 

added to the existing control device. 
10 

Table 6 shows the preliminary estimate of the number of APCD needed based only on 

these criteria and the percentages in Table 5, rounded to the nearest whole number. If multiple 

kilns were vented together, only one APCD was assigned to the stack. As noted in Step 3, there 

are two other factors to take into account to determine the final estimate of the number of APCD 

needed and the impacts on the major source kilns. 

Table 6. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Preliminary Estimate of APCD 

to be Installed 

Kiln Size 

Existing APCD 

Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

PM Limit 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

Hg Limit

Initial Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install FF 

Install FF 

with ACI Add ACI 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 7a 4 0 0 4 

 DLA 14 12 8 0 6 0 

 None 31 10 17 7 14 0 

Small Kilns SD/ESPb 1 0 1 0 0 0 

 None 78 49 78 29 0 0 

Total 132 79 108 36 20 3 

a Because the one kiln stack not meeting the PM lb/ton or concentration limits is already controlled with a PM APCD, 

none of the preliminary assumptions apply. If this kiln stack cannot meet the lb/hr non-Hg HAP metals limit, or if it is 

not located at a facility that could become a synthetic area source by installing a DLA on an uncontrolled kiln, the 

DIFF or DLS/FF would have to be retrofit with a new DIFF. 

b The SD/ESP is expected to be replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum). 

Step 3: Refine the Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The next step in determining the number of APCD required to be installed included 

considering the impact of the lb/hr limits for Hg and total non-Hg HAP metals. The total non-Hg 

HAP metals limit is expected to provide additional flexibility to tunnel kiln owners and 

operators, particularly for small tunnel kilns. Where total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr data were 

available, the values were compiled for each kiln. If PM data were available but non-Hg HAP 

metals data were not, the total non-Hg HAP metal lb/hr value was calculated using the average 

ratio of metals to PM emissions in BSCP stack tests (Raymond, 2014). The non-Hg HAP metal 

values for each kiln are shown in Appendix C. While it is also expected that the lb/hr limit for 

Hg would provide additional flexibility to tunnel kiln owners and operators, again particularly 

for small tunnel kilns, the impact of the lb/hr Hg limit is not assessed quantitatively in this 

analysis. Instead, it was expected that most kilns that could meet the lb/hr Hg limit could also 

meet either the lb/ton limit or the concentration limit. 

The other factor to be taken into account in determining the number of APCD required to 

be installed is the number of kilns located at facilities that could elect to become synthetic area 

sources. The cost for each facility to do so was estimated as described in Section III of this 

memorandum. However, as noted previously in this section, because test data are not available 

for every tunnel kiln in the industry, compliance costs were not estimated for each kiln and 
11 

facility. Therefore, the cost to become a synthetic area source could not be compared directly to 

the cost of compliance. For example, while the analysis estimates that the BSCP facility in 

Thomasville, North Carolina, owned by Cunningham Brick Company could become a synthetic 

area source at an annual cost of $410,000 (see Appendix A), test data are not available to show 

the facility’s exact level of emissions. If performance testing of the tunnel kiln at this facility 

showed that the kiln already meets the proposed limits, then installing a control device to become 

a synthetic area source would not be necessary. 

Therefore, the preliminary APCD estimates in Table 6, the total non-Hg HAP metals 

lb/hr limit, the ability of certain facilities to become synthetic area were considered together on a 

more general basis. The following assumptions were used to refine the preliminary APCD 

estimates: 

 For large kilns with a DIFF or DLS/FF, it was assumed that the kiln stack not meeting 

either the PM lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the total non-Hg HAP metals 

lb/hr limit. It was also assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the Hg lb/ton 

or concentration limits would meet the Hg lb/hr limit. 

 For large kilns with a DLA, it was assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the 

Hg lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the Hg lb/hr limit. It was also assumed 

that this kiln stack is one of the 12 stacks that can meet one of the PM limits, so no FF 

would be needed. 

 Based on the results of the analysis described in Section III of this memorandum, a 

total of 12 large uncontrolled kiln stacks are located at facilities that could become 

synthetic area sources with installation of a DLA on those stacks. For large 

uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that owners or operators of three-fourths of these 

kiln stacks, or nine total stacks, would elect to install a DLA. To be conservative, it 

was estimated that most of the remaining kiln stacks would not be able to meet any of 

the Hg limits. 

 It was expected that most small uncontrolled kilns would be able to meet the total 

non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit and would not need to install DLA to become a 

synthetic area source. Therefore, for small uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that a 

little over 5 percent of the total kiln stacks, or five total stacks, were located at 

facilities that would elect to become synthetic area sources by installing a DLA. It 

was also assumed that 21 of the 24 remaining kiln stacks not meeting the PM lb/ton 

or concentration limits (88 percent) would be able to meet the total non-Hg HAP 

metals lb/hr limit. 

The final estimates of APCD counts are shown in Table 7. 
12 

Table 7. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Estimate of APCD to be 

Installed 

Kiln Size 

Existing 

APCD Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Add 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with a 

DIFF 

Install 

DLAa

No 

Change 

in APCD

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 0 0 3 0 0 5 

 DLA 14 0 5 0 0 0 9 

 None 31 1 11 0 0 9 10 

Small Kilns SD/ESPa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

 None 78 3 0 0 0 5 70 

Total 132 4 16 3 1 14 93 

a See Section IV of this memorandum. 

Step 4: Calculate the Nationwide Costs, Emission Reductions, and Secondary Impacts 

The final step in estimating nationwide costs and impacts was to apply model APCD 

costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts to the APCD counts shown in Table 7. The 

model APCD size is based on the design capacity(ies) of the kiln(s) routed to that emission 

point/APCD. For example, two small kilns vented together with a total design capacity of less 

than 10 tph would be controlled with a small APCD, whereas two small kilns vented together 

that have a total design capacity of more than 10 tph would be controlled with a large APCD. 

As noted in Section IV of this memorandum, Belden Brick Company’s facility in 

Sugarcreek, Ohio, was identified as not meeting the health-based standard with the current 

APCD at the kiln, so the emissions at the kilns were evaluated individually. The three kilns 

routed to the SD/ESP at Sugarcreek are small kilns, but the sum of the total kiln capacity vented 

to the SD/ESP is greater than 10 tph. Similarly, the Sugarcreek facility has three small kilns 

vented to one uncontrolled stack with a total kiln capacity of greater than 10 tph. Therefore, for 

purposes of this analysis, the DIFF installed to replace the SD/ESP would be a large DIFF, and a 

large FF would be needed on one of the small kiln stacks. The other two FF and the five DLA 

shown in Table 7 to be installed on small kilns nationwide would be small APCD. 

Table 8 shows the summary of nationwide costs for BSCP kilns at major sources, Table 9 

shows the summary of nationwide emission reductions for BSCP kilns at major sources, and 

Table 10 shows the summary of nationwide secondary impacts for BSCP kilns at major sources. 
13 

Table 8. Summary of Nationwide Costs for Major Sources to Meet Proposed Standards 

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Unit 

Capital 

Costa

Unit 

Annual 

Costa

Number 

of 

APCD 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large $146,697 $96,482 3 $440,090 $289,446

DLA Install FF with ACI Large $1,646,697 $622,488 5 $8,233,483 $3,112,440

SD/ESP Retrofit with a DIFF Large $3,820,000 $943,585 1 $3,820,000 $943,585

None Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 2 $3,000,000 $1,052,012

None Install FF with ACI Large $1,646,697 $622,488 11 $18,113,663 $6,847,368

None Install DLA Large $1,489,548 $409,722 9 $13,405,928 $3,687,499 

None Install FF Small $1,200,000 $437,845 2 $2,400,000 $875,690

None Install DLA Small $1,096,473 $310,036 5 $5,482,363 $1,550,180 

Total Nationwide 38 $54,895,527 $18,358,221 

a Unit costs from Holloway (2014a), except for the DLA capital and annual costs. The DLA capital and annual costs 

shown in this table were increased to account for the fact that if a DLA is installed for a facility to become a 

synthetic area source, it would need to be installed earlier than an APCD installed to comply with the BSCP 

NESHAP. To compare the equivalent net present values for all APCD for purposes of this analysis, a DLA was 

expected to be installed 6 months earlier than other APCD, increasing the capital cost by about 3 percent 

(calculated assuming 7 percent interest over half a year, or 1.070.5). The total annual cost increased due to the 

increase in the annualized capital cost. 
14 

Table 9. Summary of Nationwide Emission Reductions for Major Sources to Meet Proposed S

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Emissions Reductions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

HAP 

Metals PM Hg 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

Total 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.009

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 0.003

Total 5 0 0 0 0.77 70.0 0.01

SD/ESP Retrofit 

with a DIFF 

Large Unit 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

Total 1 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

None Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 

Total 2 0 0 0 0.392 35.6 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 0.003

Total 11 0 0 0 2.15 196 0.03

None Install DLA Large Unit 33.0 1.42 0.0850 0.0417 3.79 

Total 9 297 12.8 0.765 0.375 34.1 

None Install FF Small Unit 0 0 0 0.0855 7.78 

Total 2 0 0 0 0.171 15.6 

None Install DLA Small Unit 14.4 0.620 0.0371 0.0182 1.65 

Total 5 72.1 3.10 0.186 0.0910 8.27 

Total Nationwide 38 407 24.2 2.09 3.95 359 0.05

a Estimated as 48 percent of PM reductions. 
15 

Table 10. Summary of Nationwide Secondary Impacts for Major Sources to Meet Proposed S

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Energy 

impacts, 

MMBtu/yr 

Solid 

waste 

impacts, 

tpy 

Wastewater 

impacts, 

gpy 

Secondary Air Emis

PM PM2.5 C

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 553 17.9 -- 0.00408 0.00137 0.00

Total 3 1,659 53.8 0.0122 0.00410 0.0

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 5 65,580 179 0.484 0.162 0.

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

Total 1 -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

None Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 2 25,126 35.6 0.185 0.0622 0.

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 11 144,275 393 1.06 0.357 

None Install DLA Large Unit 7,424 457 -- 0.0548 0.0184 0.0

Total 9 66,812 4,116 0.493 0.165 0.

None Install FF Small Unit 9,620 7.78 -- 0.0710 0.0238 0

Total 2 19,240 15.6 0.142 0.0476 0.

None Install DLA Small Unit 3,741 306 -- 0.0276 0.00925 0.0

Total 5 18,705 1,529 0.138 0.0463 0.

Total Nationwide 38 316,842 6,335 -4,063 2.34 0.784 3

a A negative increase in secondary impacts would be equivalent to a reduction in secondary impacts. 
16 

VI. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting non-Hg HAP Metals and Hg 

Beyond-the-Floor Options 

As noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, the beyond-the-floor options considered 

for BSCP tunnel kilns were emission limits equal to the new source limits for Hg and for non-Hg 

HAP metals (with PM as a surrogate). The development of these limits is documented in 

Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay 

Products (Raymond and Sroka, 2014). The process to estimate costs, emission reductions, and 

secondary impacts for the beyond-the-floor options is the same four-step process described in 

Section V of this memorandum. The Hg and for non-Hg HAP metals beyond-the-floor options 

were considered separately to clearly evaluate the impacts of applying each option. When 

considering each beyond-the-floor option, all other standards were applied as proposed, and the 

impacts calculated in Section V associated with the proposed standards were removed to 

calculate incremental impacts for the beyond-the-floor option. 

A. Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Step 1: Compare Test Data to Emission Limits 

Table 11 shows the percentages for the PM lb/ton and concentration emission limits by 

kiln size and the most common types of APCD for the non-Hg HAP metals beyond-the-floor 

option. 

Table 11. Percentages of BSCP Tunnel Kiln Stacks at Major and Synthetic Area Sources 

With Data Less Than or Equal to PM Beyond-the-Floor Limit 

Kiln Size APCD Type 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

with Dataa

Percentage of Kilns Meetingb

lb/ton Limit 

Concentration 

Limit 

At Least 

One Limit 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 28 28.6% 32.1% 35.7% 

 DLA 30 3.33% 13.3% 13.3% 

 None 3 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 

Small Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 1 100% 100% 100% 

 DLA 0 ND ND ND 

 None 16 6.25% 18.8% 18.8% 

a PM data were also available for one stack controlled by a SD/ESP (small kilns) and three large kilns with wet 

scrubbers. Those kilns are not shown in the counts for PM emissions data because the SD/ESP is expected to be 

replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum) and all three wet scrubbers are located at synthetic area 

sources, so the results for those APCD are not needed for purposes of estimating impacts on major source 

facilities. In addition, the analysis does not assume that wet scrubbers would be installed or retrofitted to meet the 

proposed PM standards.

b ND = no test data available for that pollutant, kiln size, and APCD combination. 
17 

Step 2: Develop Preliminary Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

For the non-Hg HAP metals beyond-the-floor option, the percentages from Table 11 were 

applied to the kilns in Table 4 for non-Hg HAP metals/PM emissions, and the percentages from 

Table 5 were applied to the kilns in Table 4 for Hg emissions. From these estimates, preliminary 

estimates of the number of APCD needed to be installed were developed using same criteria as 

described in Section V of this memorandum. 

Table 12 shows the preliminary estimate of the number of APCD needed for the non-Hg 

HAP metals beyond-the-floor option based only on these criteria and the percentages in Tables 4 

and 11, rounded to the nearest whole number. If multiple kilns were vented together, only one 

APCD was assigned to the stack. 

Table 12. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Preliminary Estimate of APCD 

to be Installed for the Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Kiln 

Size 

Existing 

APCD 

Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Number of 

Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

PM Limit 

Number of 

Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

Hg Limit 

Initial Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with 

DIFF 

Retrofit 

with 

DIFF and 

ACI 

Large 

Kilns 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

8 3 4 0 0 1 4 

DLA 14 2 8 6 6 0 0 

None 31 10 17 7 14 0 0 

Small 

Kilns 

SD/ESP 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 

None 78 15 78 63 0 0 0 

Total 132 30 108 76 20 2 4 

Step 3: Refine the Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The next step in determining the number of APCD required to be installed included 

considering the impact of the proposed Hg lb/hr limit and the beyond-the-floor total non-Hg 

HAP metals lb/hr limit, as well as the number of kilns located at facilities that could elect to 

become synthetic area sources. As noted previously in this memorandum, because test data are 

not available for every tunnel kiln in the industry, compliance costs were not estimated for each 

kiln and facility. Therefore, the preliminary APCD estimates in Table 12, the lb/hr limits, and 

the ability of certain facilities to become synthetic area were considered together on a more 

general basis. The following assumptions were used to refine the preliminary APCD estimates: 

 For large kilns with a DIFF or DLS/FF, it was assumed that two of the kiln stacks not 

meeting either the beyond-the-floor PM lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the 

beyond-the-floor total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit and that a third kiln stack is 

located at a facility that would elect to be reclassified as a synthetic area source. It 
18 

was also assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the proposed Hg lb/ton or 

concentration limits would meet the proposed Hg lb/hr limit. 

 For large kilns with a DLA, it was assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the 

proposed Hg lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the proposed Hg lb/hr limit. It 

was also assumed that this kiln stack is one of the two stacks that can meet one of the 

beyond-the-floor PM limits, so no FF would be needed. 

 Based on the results of the analysis described in Section III of this memorandum, a 

total of 12 large uncontrolled kiln stacks are located at facilities that could become 

synthetic area sources with installation of a DLA on those stacks. Because the 

beyond-the-floor total non-Hg HAP metals/PM limits are more stringent than the 

proposed non-Hg HAP metals/PM limits, more facilities would be expected to install 

one or more DLA to become a synthetic area source. Therefore, for large 

uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that owners or operators of 10 of those kiln stacks, 

or one more than under the proposed standards, would elect to install a DLA. It was 

expected that nine of these 10 are the same kiln stacks that would install a DLA as in 

Section V of this memorandum and that the tenth kiln stack is one of those that would 

not meet the proposed Hg limit. 

 The biggest difference between the proposed limits and the non-Hg HAP metals 

beyond-the-floor option would be seen for small uncontrolled kilns. Because of the 

increase in stringency in the non-Hg HAP metals and PM surrogate limits, more 

facilities would elect to install DLA on uncontrolled kilns to become synthetic area 

sources. Therefore, it was assumed that a little less than 60 percent of the total kiln 

stacks, or 45 total stacks, were located at facilities that would elect to become 

synthetic area sources by installing a DLA. Only three of the remaining kiln stacks 

not meeting the PM lb/ton or concentration limits would be able to meet the total nonHg HAP metals lb/hr limit due to the increased stringency of this limit. 

The final estimates of APCD counts are shown in Table 13. 

Table 13. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Estimate of APCD to be 

Installed for the Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Kiln Size 

Existing 

APCD Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Add 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with a 

DIFF 

Install 

DLAa

No 

Change 

in APCD

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 0 0 3 2 0 3 

 DLA 14 6 5 0 0 0 3 

 None 31 1 10 0 0 10 10 

Small Kilns SD/ESPa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

 None 78 15 0 0 0 45 18 

Total 132 22 15 3 3 55 34 

a See Section IV of this memorandum. 
19 

Step 4: Calculate the Nationwide Costs, Emission Reductions, and Secondary Impacts 

The final step in estimating nationwide costs and impacts for the non-Hg HAP metals 

beyond-the-floor option was to apply model APCD costs, emission reductions, and secondary 

impacts to the APCD counts shown in Table 13. The model APCD size is based on the design 

capacity(ies) of the kiln(s) routed to that emission point/APCD. For example, two small kilns 

vented together with a total design capacity of less than 10 tph would be controlled with a small 

APCD, whereas two small kilns vented together that have a total design capacity of more than 

10 tph would be controlled with a large APCD. 

As noted in Section IV of this memorandum, for purposes of this analysis, it was 

estimated that the DIFF installed to replace the SD/ESP at Belden Brick Company’s facility in 

Sugarcreek, Ohio would be a large DIFF. It was also estimated that three of the 15 FF and one 

of the 45 DLA shown in Table 13 for small kilns would be controlling multiple kilns and would 

therefore be large FF and a large DLA. The remaining APCD shown in Table 13 would be sized 

for one kiln. 

For the non-Hg HAP metals beyond-the-floor option, Table 14 shows the summary of 

nationwide costs, Table 15 shows the summary of nationwide emission reductions, and Table 16 

shows the summary of nationwide secondary impacts. Based on the incremental annual cost in 

Table 14 and the incremental non-Hg HAP metals emission reductions in Table 15, the cost 

effectiveness of the non-Hg HAP metals beyond-the-floor option is $7.96 million per additional 

ton of non-Hg HAP metals reduced. 
20 

Table 14. Summary of Nationwide Costs for the Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-Floor 

Option 

Current 

APCD Action APCD Size 

Unit 

Capital 

Costa

Unit 

Annual 

Costa

Number 

of 

APCD 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large $146,697 $96,482 3 $440,090 $289,446 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Retrofit with a 

DIFF 

Large $3,820,000 $943,585 2 $7,640,000 $1,887,169 

DLA Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 6 $9,000,000 $3,156,036 

DLA Install FF with 

ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $622,488 5 $8,233,483 $3,112,440 

SD/ESP Retrofit with a 

DIFF 

Large $3,820,000 $943,585 1 $3,820,000 $943,585 

None Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 4 $6,000,000 $2,104,024 

None Install FF with 

ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $622,488 10 $16,466,966 $6,224,880 

None Install DLA Large $1,489,548 $409,722 11 $16,385,023 $4,506,944 

None Install FF Small $1,200,000 $437,845 12 $14,400,000 $5,254,140 

None Install DLA Small $1,096,473 $310,036 44 $48,244,791 $13,641,586 

 Total Nationwide 98 $130,630,354 $41,120,250 

Total for Proposed Standards $54,895,527 $18,358,221

Incremental Nationwide Cost $75,734,827 $22,762,029

a Unit costs from Holloway (2014a), except for the DLA capital and annual costs. The DLA capital and annual costs 

shown in this table were increased to account for the fact that if a DLA is installed for a facility to become a 

synthetic area source, it would need to be installed earlier than an APCD installed to comply with the BSCP 

NESHAP. To compare the equivalent net present values for all APCD for purposes of this analysis, a DLA was 

expected to be installed 6 months earlier than other APCD, increasing the capital cost by about 3 percent 

(calculated assuming 7 percent interest over half a year, or 1.070.5). The total annual cost increased due to the 

increase in the annualized capital cost. 
21 

Table 15. Summary of Emission Reductions for the Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-Floor 

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Emissions Reductions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

HAP 

Metals PM Hg 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

Total 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.009

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Retrofit with a DIFF 

Large Unit 0.521 0.0594 0.00272 0.0458 4.17 

Total 2 1.043 0.1187 0.00545 0.0917 8.33 

DLA Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 

Total 6 0 0 0 0.925 84.1 

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 0.003

Total 5 0 0 0 0.771 70.0 0.01

SD/ESP Retrofit 

with a DIFF 

Large Unit 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

Total 1 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

None Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 

Total 4 0 0 0 0.783 71.2 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 0.003

Total 10 0 0 0 1.96 178 0.03

None Install DLA Large Unit 33.0 1.42 0.0850 0.0417 3.79 

Total 11 363 15.6 0.935 0.458 41.7 

None Install FF Small Unit 0 0 0 0.0855 7.78 

Total 12 0 0 0 1.026 93.3 

None Install DLA Small Unit 14.4 0.620 0.0371 0.0182 1.65 

Total 44 635 27.3 1.633 0.801 72.8 

 Total Nationwide 98 1,036 51.3 3.71 6.81 620 0.05 Total for Proposed Standards 407 24.2 2.09 3.95 359 0.05

Incremental Nationwide Emissions 630 27.1 1.62 2.86 260 -0.00

a Estimated as 48 percent of PM reductions. 
22 

Table 16. Summary of Nationwide Secondary Impacts for the Non-Hg HAP Metals Beyond-the-F

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Energy 

impacts, 

MMBtu/yr 

Solid 

waste 

impacts, 

tpy 

Wastewater 

impacts, 

gpy 

Secondary Air Emis

PM PM2.5 C

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 553 17.9 -- 0.00408 0.00137 0.00

Total 3 1,659 53.8 0.0122 0.00410 0.0

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Retrofit with a DIFF 

Large Unit 0 12.9 -- 0 0 

Total 2 0 25.7 0 0 

DLA Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 6 75,378 107 0.556 0.186 0.

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 5 65,580 179 0.484 0.162 0.

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

Total 1 -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

None Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 4 50,252 71.2 0.371 0.124 0.

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 10 131,159 357 0.97 0.324 

None Install DLA Large Unit 7,424 457 -- 0.0548 0.0184 0.0

Total 11 81,659 5,031 0.602 0.202 

None Install FF Small Unit 9,620 7.78 -- 0.071 0.0238 0

Total 12 115,439 93.3 0.852 0.286 

None Install DLA Small Unit 3,741 306 -- 0.0276 0.00925 0.0

Total 44 164,607 13,453 1.21 0.407 2

 Total Nationwide 98 661,179 19,384 -4,063 4.88 1.64 8 Total for Proposed Standards 316,842 6,335 -4,063 2.34 0.784 3

Incremental Nationwide Impacts 344,336 13,048 0 2.54 0.852 4

a A negative increase in secondary impacts would be equivalent to a reduction in secondary impacts. 
23 

B. Hg Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Step 1: Compare Test Data to Emission Limits 

Table 17 shows the percentages for the beyond-the-floor Hg lb/ton and concentration 

emission limits by kiln size. 

Table 17. Percentages of BSCP Tunnel Kiln Stacks at Major and Synthetic Area Sources 

With Data Less Than or Equal to Hg Beyond-the-Floor Limit 

Kiln Size 

Number of Kiln 

Stacks with Data 

Percentage of Kilns Meeting 

lb/ton Limit 

Concentration 

Limit 

At Least One 

Limit 

Large Kilns 18 16.7% 22.2% 27.8% 

Small Kilns 1 100% 100% 100% 

Step 2: Develop Preliminary Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

For the Hg beyond-the-floor option, the percentages from Table 17 were applied to the 

kilns in Table 4 for Hg emissions, and the percentages from Table 5 were applied to the kilns in 

Table 4 for non-Hg HAP metals/PM emissions. From these estimates, preliminary estimates of 

the number of APCD needed to be installed were developed using same criteria as described in 

Section V of this memorandum. 

Table 18 shows the preliminary estimate of the number of APCD needed for the Hg 

beyond-the-floor option based only on these criteria and the percentages in Tables 4 and 17, 

rounded to the nearest whole number. If multiple kilns were vented together, only one APCD 

was assigned to the stack. 
24 

Table 18. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Preliminary Estimate of APCD 

to be Installed for the Hg Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Kiln Size 

Existing APCD 

Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

PM Limit 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

Hg Limit

Initial Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install FF 

Install FF 

with ACI Add ACI 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 7a 2 0 0 6 

 DLA 14 12 2 0 12 0 

 None 31 10 9 0 22 0 

Small Kilns SD/ESPb 1 0 1 0 0 0 

 None 78 49 78 29 0 0 

Total 132 79 108 29 32 6 

a Because the one kiln stack not meeting the PM lb/ton or concentration limits is already controlled with a PM APCD, 

none of the preliminary assumptions apply. If this kiln stack cannot meet the lb/hr non-Hg HAP metals limit, or if it is 

not located at a facility that could become a synthetic area source by installing a DLA on an uncontrolled kiln, the 

DIFF or DLS/FF would have to be retrofit with a new DIFF. 

b The SD/ESP is expected to be replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum). 

Step 3: Refine the Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The next step in determining the number of APCD required to be installed included 

considering the impact of the proposed total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit and the beyond-thefloor Hg lb/hr limit, as well as the number of kilns located at facilities that could elect to become 

synthetic area sources. As noted previously in this memorandum, because test data are not 

available for every tunnel kiln in the industry, compliance costs were not estimated for each kiln 

and facility. Therefore, the preliminary APCD estimates in Table 18, the lb/hr limits, and the 

ability of certain facilities to become synthetic area were considered together on a more general 

basis. The following assumptions were used to refine the preliminary APCD estimates: 

 For large kilns with a DIFF or DLS/FF, it was assumed that the kiln stack not meeting 

either the proposed PM lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the proposed total 

non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit. 

 For large kilns with a DLA, it was expected that the kiln stacks not meeting the 

beyond-the-floor Hg lb/ton or concentration limits would also not meet the beyondthe-floor Hg lb/hr limit, due to the stringency of the beyond-the-floor Hg limits. 

 Based on the results of the analysis described in Section III of this memorandum, a 

total of 12 large uncontrolled kiln stacks are located at facilities that could become 

synthetic area sources with installation of a DLA on those stacks. Because the 

beyond-the-floor Hg limits are more stringent than the proposed Hg limits, more 

facilities would be expected to install one or more DLA to become a synthetic area 

source. Therefore, for large uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that owners or 

operators of 11 of those kiln stacks, or two more than under the proposed standards, 

would elect to install a DLA. It was expected that nine of these 11 are the same kiln 

stacks located at facilities that would install a DLA as in Section V of this 
25 

memorandum and that the other two kiln stacks would not meet the proposed Hg 

limit. 

 Because all small uncontrolled kilns are projected to meet the beyond-the-floor Hg 

limit, and the PM and non-Hg HAP metals limits are the same as the proposed 

standards, the same refinements described in Section V of this memorandum were 

applied to small uncontrolled kilns for the Hg beyond-the-floor option. 

The final estimates of APCD counts are shown in Table 19. 

Table 19. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Estimate of APCD to be 

Installed for the Hg Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Kiln Size 

Existing 

APCD Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Add 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with a 

DIFF 

Install 

DLAa

No 

Change 

in APCD

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 0 0 6 0 0 2 

 DLA 14 0 12 0 0 0 2 

 None 31 0 17 0 0 11 3 

Small Kilns SD/ESPa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

 None 78 3 0 0 0 5 70 

Total 132 3 29 6 1 16 77 

a See Section IV of this memorandum. 

Step 4: Calculate the Nationwide Costs, Emission Reductions, and Secondary Impacts 

The final step in estimating nationwide costs and impacts for the non-Hg HAP metals 

beyond-the-floor option was to apply model APCD costs, emission reductions, and secondary 

impacts to the APCD counts shown in Table 19. The model APCD size is based on the design 

capacity(ies) of the kiln(s) routed to that emission point/APCD. For example, two small kilns 

vented together with a total design capacity of less than 10 tph would be controlled with a small 

APCD, whereas two small kilns vented together that have a total design capacity of more than 

10 tph would be controlled with a large APCD. 

As noted in Section IV of this memorandum, for purposes of this analysis, the DIFF 

installed to replace the SD/ESP at Belden Brick Company’s facility in Sugarcreek, Ohio would 

be a large DIFF. It was also expected that one of the FF shown in Table 19 for small kilns would 

be controlling multiple kilns and would therefore be a large FF. The remaining APCD shown in 

Table 19 would be sized for one kiln. 

For the Hg beyond-the-floor option, Table 20 shows the summary of nationwide costs, 

Table 21 shows the summary of nationwide emission reductions, and Table 22 shows the 

summary of nationwide secondary impacts. Based on the incremental annual cost in Table 20 

and the incremental non-Hg HAP metals emission reductions in Table 21, the cost effectiveness 

of the Hg beyond-the-floor option is $148 million per additional ton of Hg reduced. 
26 

Table 20. Summary of Nationwide Costs for the Hg Beyond-the-Floor Option 

Current 

APCD Action APCD Size 

Unit 

Capital 

Costa

Unit 

Annual 

Costa

Number 

of 

APCD 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large $146,697 $112,768 6 $880,180 $676,609 

DLA Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 0 $0 $0 

DLA Install FF with 

ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $638,774 12 $19,760,360 $7,665,293 

SD/ESP Retrofit with a 

DIFF 

Large $3,820,000 $943,585 1 $3,820,000 $943,585 

None Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 1 $1,500,000 $526,006 

None Install FF with 

ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $638,774 17 $27,993,843 $10,859,166 

None Install DLA Large $1,489,548 $409,722 11 $16,385,023 $4,506,944 

None Install FF Small $1,200,000 $437,845 2 $2,400,000 $875,690 

None Install DLA Small $1,096,473 $310,036 5 $5,482,363 $1,550,180 

 Total Nationwide 55 $78,221,768 $27,603,473 

Total for Proposed Standards $54,895,527 $18,358,221

Incremental Nationwide Cost $23,326,241 $9,245,253 

a Unit costs from Holloway (2014a), except for the DLA capital and annual costs. The DLA capital and annual costs 

shown in this table were increased to account for the fact that if a DLA is installed for a facility to become a 

synthetic area source, it would need to be installed earlier than an APCD installed to comply with the BSCP 

NESHAP. To compare the equivalent net present values for all APCD for purposes of this analysis, a DLA was 

expected to be installed 6 months earlier than other APCD, increasing the capital cost by about 3 percent 

(calculated assuming 7 percent interest over half a year, or 1.070.5). The total annual cost increased due to the 

increase in the annualized capital cost. 
27 

Table 21. Summary of Nationwide Emission Reductions for the Hg Beyond-the-Floor Op

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Emissions Reductions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

HAP 

Metals PM Hg 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

Total 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.020

DLA Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 0.003

Total 12 0 0 0 1.85 168.2 0.04

SD/ESP Retrofit 

with a DIFF 

Large Unit 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

Total 1 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

None Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 

Total 1 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 0.003

Total 17 0 0 0 3.33 303 0.05

None Install DLA Large Unit 33.0 1.42 0.0850 0.0417 3.79 

Total 11 363 15.6 0.935 0.458 41.7 

None Install FF Small Unit 0 0 0 0.0855 7.78 

Total 2 0 0 0 0.171 15.6 

None Install DLA Small Unit 14.4 0.620 0.0371 0.0182 1.65 

Total 5 72.1 3.10 0.186 0.0910 8.27 

 Total Nationwide 55 473 27.1 2.26 6.10 554 0.1 Total for Proposed Standards 407 24.2 2.09 3.95 359 0.05

Incremental Nationwide Emissions 66.1 2.84 0.170 2.14 195 0.06

a Estimated as 48 percent of PM reductions. 
28 

Table 22. Summary of Nationwide Secondary Impacts for the Hg Beyond-the-Floor Opt

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Energy 

impacts, 

MMBtu/yr 

Solid 

waste 

impacts, 

tpy 

Wastewater 

impacts, 

gpy 

Secondary Air Emis

PM PM2.5 C

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 553 27.3 -- 0.00408 0.00137 0.00

Total 6 3,318 163.8 0.0245 0.00821 0.0

DLA Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 0 0 0.0 0 0 

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 45.1 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 12 157,391 541 1.16 0.389 

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

Total 1 -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

None Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 1 12,563 17.8 0.093 0.0311 0.

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 45.1 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 17 222,971 767 1.64 0.552 2

None Install DLA Large Unit 7,424 457 -- 0.0548 0.0184 0.0

Total 11 81,659 5,031 0.602 0.202 

None Install FF Small Unit 9,620 7.78 -- 0.071 0.0238 0

Total 2 19,240 15.6 0.142 0.0476 0.

None Install DLA Small Unit 3,741 306 -- 0.0276 0.00925 0.0

Total 5 18,705 1,529 0.138 0.0463 0.

 Total Nationwide 55 491,293 8,078 -4,063 3.62 1.22 6 Total for Proposed Standards 316,842 6,335 -4,063 2.34 0.784 3

Incremental Nationwide Impacts 174,450 1,743 0 1.29 0.432 2

a A negative increase in secondary impacts would be equivalent to a reduction in secondary impacts. 
29 

VII. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting non-Hg HAP Metals 

Alternative Standards 

The alternative standards for non-Hg HAP metals (with PM as a surrogate) and their 

development are discussed in Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis 

for Brick and Structural Clay Products (Raymond and Sroka, 2014). The process to estimate 

costs and emission reduction impacts for the alternative standards was the same as the process 

used for the proposed standards in Section V of this memorandum. Specifically, because test 

data were not available for all kilns in the industry, several assumptions were needed to evaluate 

the impacts on the whole industry. 

Step 1: Compare Test Data to Emission Limits 

The first step was to compare the data available with the alternative emission limits to get 

an estimate of the percentage of tunnel kilns in the industry that could meet the alternative limits 

with current APCD configurations. Table 23 shows the percentages for the PM lb/ton and 

concentration alternative emission limits by kiln size and the most common types of APCD (for 

PM). 

Table 23. Percentages of BSCP Tunnel Kiln Stacks at Major and Synthetic Area Sources 

With Data Less Than or Equal to Alternative Emission Limits 

Pollutant Kiln Size APCD Type 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

with Dataa

Percentage of Kilns Meetingb

lb/ton 

Limit 

Concentration 

Limit 

At Least 

One Limit 

PM Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 28 28.6% 82.1% 82.1% 

 DLA 30 3.33% 43.3% 43.3% 

 None 3 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 

 Small Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 1 100% 100% 100% 

 DLA 0 ND ND ND 

 None 16 18.8% 18.8% 25.0% 

a PM data were also available for one stack controlled by a SD/ESP (small kilns) and three large kilns with wet 

scrubbers. Those kilns are not shown in the counts for PM emissions data because the SD/ESP is expected to be 

replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum) and all three wet scrubbers are located at synthetic area 

sources, so the results for those APCD are not needed for purposes of estimating impacts on major source 

facilities. In addition, the analysis does not assume that wet scrubbers would be installed or retrofitted to meet the 

proposed PM standards. These kilns are included in the counts for Hg data; because none of the APCD currently 

in use in the BSCP industry target Hg reductions, the ability to meet the Hg standards is not expected to be affected 

by type of current APCD.

b ND = no test data available for that pollutant, kiln size, and APCD combination. 

Of the large kilns with both PM and Hg data, five of the 18 kiln stacks meet at least one 

of the alternative PM and one of the proposed Hg limits (see Section V of this memorandum for 

the Hg percentages). 
30 

Step 2: Develop Preliminary Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The percentages from Table 23 were applied to the kilns in Table 4 (see Section V of this 

memorandum) to determine the number of kilns estimated to be able to meet the alternative 

limits. From these estimates, preliminary estimates of the number of APCD needed to be 

installed to meet the alternative limits were developed using the same criteria described in 

Section V of this memorandum. Table 24 shows the preliminary estimate of the number of 

APCD needed based only on these criteria and the percentages in Table 23, rounded to the 

nearest whole number. If multiple kilns were vented together, only one APCD was assigned to 

the stack. 

Table 24. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Preliminary Estimate of APCD 

to be Installed to Meet Alternative Limits 

Kiln Size 

Existing APCD 

Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

Meeting 

Alternative 

PM Limit 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

Meeting 

Proposed 

Hg Limit 

Initial Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install FF

Install FF 

with ACI Add ACI 

Large 

Kilns 

DIFF or DLS/FF 8 7a 4 0 0 4 

DLA 14 5 8 3 6 0 

None 31 10 17 7 14 0 

Small 

Kilns 

SD/ESPb 1 0 1 0 0 0 

None 78 20 78 58 0 0 

Total 132 42 108 68 21 3 

a Because the one kiln stack not meeting the alternative PM lb/ton or concentration limits is already controlled with a 

PM APCD, none of the preliminary assumptions apply. If this kiln stack cannot meet the alternative lb/hr non-Hg 

HAP metals limit, or if it is not located at a facility that could become a synthetic area source by installing a DLA on 

an uncontrolled kiln, the DIFF or DLS/FF would have to be retrofit with a new DIFF. 

b The SD/ESP is expected to be replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum). 

Step 3: Refine the Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The next step in determining the number of APCD required to be installed included 

considering the impact of the proposed Hg lb/hr limit and the alternative total non-Hg HAP 

metal lb/hr limit, as well as the number of kilns located at facilities that could elect to become 

synthetic area sources. As noted previously in this memorandum, because test data are not 

available for every tunnel kiln in the industry, compliance costs were not estimated for each kiln 

and facility. Therefore, the preliminary APCD estimates in Table 24, the lb/hr limits, and the 

ability of certain facilities to become synthetic area were considered together on a more general 

basis. The following assumptions were used to refine the preliminary APCD estimates: 

 For large kilns with a DIFF or DLS/FF, it was assumed that the kiln stack not meeting 

either the alternative PM lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the alternative 

total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit. It was also assumed that one of the kiln stacks 
31 

not meeting the proposed Hg lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the proposed 

Hg lb/hr limit. 

 For large kilns with a DLA, it was assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the 

proposed Hg lb/ton or concentration limits would meet the proposed Hg lb/hr limit. It 

was also assumed that this kiln stack is not one of the five stacks that can meet one of 

the alternative PM limits. 

 Based on the results of the analysis described in Section III of this memorandum, a 

total of 12 large uncontrolled kiln stacks are located at facilities that could become 

synthetic area sources with installation of a DLA on those stacks. Because the 

alternative PM limits are more stringent than the proposed PM limits, more facilities 

would be expected to install one or more DLA to become a synthetic area source. 

Therefore, for large uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that owners or operators of 10 

of those kiln stacks, or one more than under the proposed standards, would elect to 

install a DLA. 

 As with large kilns, because the alternative PM limits are more stringent than the 

proposed PM limits, more facilities would be expected to install one or more DLA to 

become a synthetic area source. However, it was still expected that many small 

uncontrolled kilns would be able to meet the alternative total non-Hg HAP metals 

lb/hr limit and would not need to install DLA to become a synthetic area source. 

Therefore, for small uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that a little over 25 percent of 

the total kiln stacks, or 21 total stacks, were located at facilities that would elect to 

become synthetic area sources by installing a DLA. It was also assumed that 26 of 

the 37 remaining kiln stacks not meeting the alternative PM lb/ton or concentration 

limits (70 percent) would be able to meet the alternative total non-Hg HAP metals 

lb/hr limit. 

The final estimates of APCD counts are shown in Table 25. 

Table 25. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Estimate of APCD to be 

Installed to Meet Alternative Limits 

Kiln Size 

Existing 

APCD Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Add 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with a 

DIFF 

Install 

DLAa

No 

Change 

in APCD

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 0 0 3 0 0 5 

 DLA 14 4 5 0 0 0 5 

 None 31 1 10 0 0 10 10 

Small Kilns SD/ESPa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

 None 78 11 0 0 0 21 46 

Total 132 16 15 3 1 31 66 

a See Section IV of this memorandum. 
32 

Step 4: Calculate the Nationwide Costs, Emission Reductions, and Secondary Impacts 

The final step in estimating nationwide costs and impacts for the alternative limits was to 

apply model APCD costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts to the APCD counts 

shown in Table 25. The model APCD size is based on the design capacity(ies) of the kiln(s) 

routed to that emission point/APCD. For example, two small kilns vented together with a total 

design capacity of less than 10 tph would be controlled with a small APCD, whereas two small 

kilns vented together that have a total design capacity of more than 10 tph would be controlled 

with a large APCD. 

As noted in Section IV of this memorandum, for purposes of this analysis, the DIFF 

installed to replace the SD/ESP at Belden Brick Company’s facility in Sugarcreek, Ohio would 

be a large DIFF. It was also expected that three of the 11 FF and one of the 21 DLA shown in 

Table 25 for small kilns would be controlling multiple kilns and would therefore be large FF and 

a large DLA. The remaining APCD shown in Table 25 would be sized for one kiln. 

Table 26 shows the summary of nationwide costs for major sources to meet the 

alternative limits, Table 27 shows the summary of nationwide emission reductions for major 

sources to meet the alternative limits, and Table 28 shows the summary of nationwide secondary 

impacts for major sources to meet the alternative limits. 

Table 26. Summary of Nationwide Costs for Major Sources to Meet Alternative Limits 

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Unit 

Capital 

Costa

Unit 

Annual 

Costa

Number 

of 

APCD 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large $146,697 $96,482 3 $440,090 $289,446 

DLA Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 4 $6,000,000 $2,104,024 

DLA Install FF with ACI Large $1,646,697 $622,488 5 $8,233,483 $3,112,440 

SD/ESP Retrofit with a DIFF Large $3,820,000 $943,585 1 $3,820,000 $943,585 

None Install FF Large $1,500,000 $526,006 4 $6,000,000 $2,104,024 

None Install FF with ACI Large $1,646,697 $622,488 10 $16,466,966 $6,224,880 

None Install DLA Large $1,489,548 $409,722 11 $16,385,023 $4,506,944 

None Install FF Small $1,200,000 $437,845 8 $9,600,000 $3,502,760 

None Install DLA Small $1,096,473 $310,036 20 $21,929,451 $6,200,721 

Total Nationwide 66 $88,875,013 $28,988,824 

a Unit costs from Holloway (2014a), except for the DLA capital and annual costs. The DLA capital and annual costs 

shown in this table were increased to account for the fact that if a DLA is installed for a facility to become a 

synthetic area source, it would need to be installed earlier than an APCD installed to comply with the BSCP 

NESHAP. To compare the equivalent net present values for all APCD for purposes of this analysis, a DLA was 

expected to be installed 6 months earlier than other APCD, increasing the capital cost by about 3 percent 

(calculated assuming 7 percent interest over half a year, or 1.070.5). The total annual cost increased due to the 

increase in the annualized capital cost. 
33 

Table 27. Summary of Nationwide Emission Reductions for Major Sources to Meet Alternativ

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Emissions Reductions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

HAP 

Metals PM Hg 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

Total 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.009

DLA Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 

Total 4 0 0 0 0.617 56.1 

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.154 14.0 0.003

Total 5 0 0 0 0.77 70.1 0.01

SD/ESP Retrofit 

with a DIFF 

Large Unit 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

Total 1 37.3 8.35 1.14 0 0 

None Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 

Total 4 0 0 0 0.783 71.2 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.196 17.8 0.003

Total 10 0 0 0 1.96 178 0.03

None Install DLA Large Unit 33.0 1.42 0.0850 0.0417 3.79 

Total 11 363 15.6 0.935 0.458 41.7 

None Install FF Small Unit 0 0 0 0.0855 7.78 

Total 8 0 0 0 0.684 62.2 

None Install DLA Small Unit 14.4 0.620 0.0371 0.0182 1.65 

Total 20 288 12.4 0.742 0.364 33.1 

Total Nationwide 66 689 36.3 2.82 5.64 512 0.05

a Estimated as 48 percent of PM reductions. 
34 

Table 28. Summary of Nationwide Secondary Impacts for Major Sources to Meet Alternative 

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Energy 

impacts, 

MMBtu/yr 

Solid 

waste 

impacts, 

tpy 

Wastewater 

impacts, 

gpy 

Secondary Air Emis

PM PM2.5 C

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 553 17.9 -- 0.00408 0.00137 0.00

Total 3 1,659 53.8 0.0122 0.00410 0.0

DLA Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 4 50,252 71.2 0.371 0.1243 0.

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 5 65,580 179 0.484 0.162 0.

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

Total 1 -24,555 12.9 -4,063 -0.181 -0.0607 -0.

None Install FF Large Unit 12,563 17.8 -- 0.0927 0.0311 0.

Total 4 50,252 71.2 0.371 0.1243 0.

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 13,116 35.7 -- 0.0968 0.0324 0.

Total 10 131,159 357 0.97 0.324 

None Install DLA Large Unit 7,424 457 -- 0.0548 0.0184 0.0

Total 11 81,659 5,031 0.602 0.202 1.

None Install FF Small Unit 9,620 7.78 -- 0.071 0.0238 0

Total 8 76,959 62.2 0.568 0.1904 0.

None Install DLA Small Unit 3,741 306 -- 0.0276 0.00925 0.0

Total 20 74,822 6,115 0.552 0.1851 0.

Total Nationwide 66 507,787 11,954 -4,063 3.75 1.26 6

a A negative increase in secondary impacts would be equivalent to a reduction in secondary impacts. 
35 

VIII. References 

Holloway, T. 2014a. Methodology and Assumptions Used to Estimate the Model Costs and 

Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control Devices. Memorandum from Thomas Holloway, RTI 

International, to Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. July 9, 2014. 

Holloway, T. 2014b. Updated BSCP Inventory Database and Documentation. Memorandum 

from Thomas Holloway, RTI International, to Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. Date TBD. 

Morris, M., T. Palma, and C. Sarsony. 2014. Risk Assessment to Determine a Health-Based 

Emission Limitation for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products 

Manufacturing Source Category. Memorandum from Mark Morris, Ted Palma, and Chris 

Sarsony, EPA/OAQPS/HEID, to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0291. May 19, 2014. 

Raymond, G. 2014. Test Data Used in BSCP Proposed Rule. Memorandum from Gabrielle 

Raymond, RTI International, to Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. July 26, 2014. 

Raymond, G and K. Sroka. 2014. Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor 

Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay Products. Memorandum from Gabrielle Raymond 

and Kristin Sroka, RTI International, to Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. September 9, 

2014. 

 
Appendix A 

Analysis of the Cost to Facilities to Become Synthetic Area Sources 

 
A-1 

Table A-1. Kiln List 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

502 ACME-3 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Bennett Tunnel Plant (BTP) 

Millsap TX 15.98 8352 

507 ACME-8 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 10.00 8400 

508 ACME-8 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 19.10 8760 

509 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 8760 

510 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 1416 

511 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 8760 

512 ACME-12 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) 

Holly Springs 

MS 8.45 8760 

513 ACME-14 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) 

Kanopolis KS 5.78 8760 

500 ACME-1 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 7665 

501 ACME-1 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 7665 

515 ACME-18 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 9.66 8760 

516 ACME-18 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 7.86 8760 

518 ACME-20 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 8760 

519/520 ACME-20 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 8760 

521 ACME-21 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 8.51 8760 
A-2 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

522 ACME-23 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) 

Jonesboro AR 7.01 8760 

523 2 American Eagle 

Brick Co 

American Eagle Brick Co Sunland 

Park 

NM 3.40 7000 

526 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 10.65 8760 

527 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #3 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 13.70 8760 

528/529/530 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 15.96 8760 

531/532/533 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 23.31 8760 

534/535 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 6.10 8760 

536 BELD-2 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 3.08 0 

537/538 BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 29.94 6264 

539 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 8424 540 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 8064 545 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 8760 546 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 7608 

547/548 BORA-5 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #6 Bessemer AL 25.02 8016 

549 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 8760 550 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 8760 

551/552 BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 22.66 8760 

558 BORA-13 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Muskogee Plant Muskogee OK 23.43 8256 559 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 8136 560 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 7080 561 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 5664 562 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 8760 
A-3 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

563 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 13.50 6744 566 BORA-17 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Salisbury Plant Salisbury NC 27.80 8760 567 BORA-18 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Terre Haute Plant Terre Haute IN 26.00 8760 699 181 Certainteed 

Corporation 

Certainteed CorporationLudowici New Lexington OH 7.78 8760 

575 19 Cherokee Brick 

& Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 6240 

576 19 Cherokee Brick 

& Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 6240 

577/578 19 Cherokee Brick 

& Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 29.48 6240 

581 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 7.90 7920 

582 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 7.90 7920 

583 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 18.30 7920 

584 134 Commercial 

Brick Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

585 134 Commercial 

Brick Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

586 134 Commercial 

Brick Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

587 64 Continental Brick 

Co 

Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 7920 

588 64 Continental Brick 

Co 

Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 7920 

590 83 Cunningham 

Brick Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co 

Grover NC 9.08 7920 
A-4 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

591 84 Cunningham 

Brick Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Thomasville Thomasville NC 11.55 7920 

594 153 Elgin-Butler Brick 

Co 

Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 7920 

595 153 Elgin-Butler Brick 

Co 

Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 7920 

596 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 6720 

597 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 6720 

598 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 8.86 6720 

599 158 General Finance, 

Inc 

General Finance- Cloud Ceramics 

Concordia KS 6.17 4944 

605 GENE-5 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 8760 

606 GENE-5 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 8760 

612/613 GENE-8 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 

Blue Ridge (Roanoke) 

VA 20.20 8760 

614 GENE-8 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 

Blue Ridge (Roanoke) 

VA 22.00 8760 

615 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 

Atkins (Marion) 

VA 3.68 8760 

616 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 

Atkins (Marion) 

VA 3.68 8760 

617 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 

Atkins (Marion) 

VA 15.02 8760 

618 GENE-15 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 9.9 0 
A-5 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

619 GENE-15 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 14.4 0 

622/623 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 27.40 8760 

624 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 8760 

625 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 8760 

626/627 GENE-12 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Robinson Brick Co.-Plant 2 

Denver CO 20.40 8760 

635 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 6225 636 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 6225 637 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 6408 638 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 6408 639 GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation - 

Capitol 

Manassas VA 16.7 0 

644 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.54 6648 645 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.96 6648 642 GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationRedfield Redfield IA 10.94 6552 648 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 11.24 7032 649 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 19.76 7896 650 HANS2 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Athens Athens TX 9.53 8760 
A-6 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

671 HANS13 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 8352 

672 HANS13 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 8352 

673/674 HANS14 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 4 

Columbia SC 22.60 8280 

652 HANS5 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 11.50 8760 

653 HANS5 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 12.20 8760 

656 HANS7 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Mineral Wells East 

Mineral Wells 

TX 7.99 8760 

662 HANS8 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson - Monroe Monroe NC 22.80 5832 

663 HANS9 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 7200 

664 HANS9 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 4944 

665 HANS9 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 2136 

667 HANS11 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 6528 

668 HANS11 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 6528 

669 HANS12 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 8.00 8604 

677 145 Hebron Brick 

Company 

Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 9.60 7600 

679 78 Henry Brick 

Company, Inc 

Henry Brick Selma AL 13.10 8760 

680 78 Henry Brick 

Company, Inc 

Henry Brick Selma AL 13.10 8760 
A-7 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

589 178NR International 

Chimney Corp 

Continental ClayKittanning Kittanning PA 2.25 8760 

704/705/706/

707 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 13.32 7700 

684 35 Acme Brick 

Company 

Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 7080 

685 35 Acme Brick 

Company 

Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 7080 

689 175NR Kansas Brick 

and Tile Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 6.00 8760 

690 104 Kasten Clay 

Products Co 

Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 3.74 2288 

703 139 L.P. McNear 

Brick Co, Inc 

McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 8.20 6800 

693 135 Lee Brick and 

Tile Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.24 7840 

694 135 Lee Brick and 

Tile Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 9.64 7840 

695 135 Lee Brick and 

Tile Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.67 7840 

696 135 Lee Brick and 

Tile Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 13.50 7840 

701 50 Marion 

Ceramics, Inc 

Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 3.13 8760 

702 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 12.00 7920 592 MOHA-4 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 3.56 6024 

593 MOHA-4 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 3.56 6024 
A-8 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

178 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.75 6024 

180 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 6024 

179 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 6024 

709 87 Mutual Materials 

Co 

Mutual Materials-Mica Mica WA 9.60 7920 

710 88 Mutual Materials 

Co 

Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Renton WA 7.52 7080 

711 68 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia- Madison Heights 

Madison Heights 

VA 8.44 4800 

712 69 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 6.77 4800 

713 69 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 4.65 4800 

714 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 8760 

715 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 8760 

716 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 5.14 8760 

727/728 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.08 7880 

729/730 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 26.60 7880 

731/732 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.20 7880 

735 159 Ragland Clay 

Products, LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 3.36 6240 

742 45 Richards Brick 

Co 

Richards Brick Edwardsvill

e 

IL 4.62 2016 
A-9 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

743 45 Richards Brick 

Co 

Richards Brick Edwardsvill

e 

IL 4.62 2016 

747 90 Sioux City Brick 

and Tile Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 13.10 7920 

748 90 Sioux City Brick 

and Tile Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 16.37 7920 

749 140 Sioux City Brick 

and Tile Co 

Sioux City- Sergeant Bluff Plant 

Sergeant Bluff 

IA 11.45 7920 

753 46 Statesville Brick 

Co 

Statesville Brick Statesville NC 11.00 5000 

754 46 Statesville Brick 

Co 

Statesville Brick Statesville NC 9.35 5000 

758 116 Summit Pressed 

Brick and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 6.75 7056 

759 186 Summitville 

Tiles, Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

760 186 Summitville 

Tiles, Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.24 6240 

761 186 Summitville 

Tiles, Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

762 186 Summitville 

Tiles, Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

766/767 49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry Oaks 

Plant 

Moncure NC 23.70 8760 

768 49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry Oaks 

Plant 

Moncure NC 24.70 8760 

769 TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Wadesboro 

Plant 

Wadesboro NC 20.00 8760 

770 TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Wadesboro 

Plant 

Wadesboro NC 20.00 8760 

773 124 Watsontown 

Brick Co 

Watsontown Brick Watsontow

n 

PA 7.98 8760 
A-10 

Kiln ID Facility ID 

Company 

Name Facility Name City State

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operat

Hour

774 124 Watsontown 

Brick Co 

Watsontown Brick Watsontow

n 

PA 10.00 8760 

775 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 11.90 8760 776 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 6.80 8760 777 147 Yankee Hill Brick 

and Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 4.90 6240 
A-11 

Table A-2. Emissions Estimates, Control Codes, and Test Data Codes by Kiln 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

502 0.001966 0.003634 0.002432 0.138 0.254 0.170 507 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 26.2 3.54 0.151 508 0.01797 0.1133 2.747E-05 1.50 9.48 0.00230 509 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 10.5 1.41 0.0604 510 1.148 0.08084 0.003458 20.1 1.41 0.0604 511 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 10.5 1.41 0.0604 512 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 22.1 2.99 0.128 513 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 15.1 2.05 0.0875 500 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 16.4 2.21 0.0947 501 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 16.4 2.21 0.0947 515 0.05800 0.5983 0.003458 25.3 2.45 0.146 516 0.1507 0.08073 0.003458 5.19 2.78 0.119 518 0.01393 0.1963 0.003458 0.622 8.77 0.109 

519/520 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 26.7 3.61 0.154 

521 1.316 0.2997 0.003458 49.1 11.2 0.129 522 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 18.4 2.48 0.106 523 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 8.91 1.20 0.0515 526 0.04221 0.02940 0.006779 1.97 1.37 0.316 527 0.07735 0.01228 0.0004661 4.64 0.737 0.0280 

528/529/530 0.5808 0.02998 0.003458 40.63 2.10 0.242 531/532/533 0.8786 0.2142 0.02721 89.75 21.9 2.78 

534/535 0.5709 0.03509 0.003458 15.3 0.937 0.0924 

536 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 8.07 1.09 0.0467 

537/538 0.1054 0.007070 0.003458 13.8 0.927 0.319 

539 0.2720 0.08084 0.003458 13.4 3.98 0.170 540 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.5 3.98 0.170 
A-12 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

545 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 31.4 4.25 0.182 546 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 31.4 4.25 0.182 

547/548 0.003287 0.001474 0.0001577 0.360 0.161 0.0172 

549 0.6395 0.08084 0.003458 27.5 3.47 0.148 550 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 25.7 3.47 0.148 

551/552 0.1412 0.07520 0.002629 14.0 7.46 0.261 

558 0.0001778 0.003990 0.002432 0.0182 0.409 0.249 559 0.2154 0.0969 0.003458 9.44 4.25 0.151 560 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 26.2 3.54 0.151 561 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.4 3.97 0.170 562 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.4 3.97 0.170 563 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 35.4 4.78 0.204 566 0.004354 0.004170 0.02444 0.530 0.508 2.98 567 0.0001714 0.01362 0.002432 0.0195 1.55 0.277 699 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 20.4 2.75 0.118 575 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 14.4 1.94 0.0830 576 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 14.4 1.94 0.0830 

577/578 0.1275 0.07905 0.002432 16.5 10.2 0.315 

581 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 20.7 2.80 0.120 582 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 20.7 2.80 0.120 583 0.04519 0.04494 0.002441 3.62 3.60 0.196 584 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 32.1 4.34 0.186 585 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 32.1 4.34 0.186 586 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 32.1 4.34 0.186 587 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 21.9 2.96 0.126 588 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 21.9 2.96 0.126 590 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.8 3.22 0.138 
A-13 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

591 0.4461 0.08084 0.003458 22.6 4.09 0.175 594 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 4.01 0.542 0.0232 595 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 4.01 0.542 0.0232 596 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.6 3.19 0.136 597 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.6 3.19 0.136 598 0.2357 0.08084 0.003458 9.15 3.14 0.134 599 0.04606 0.009585 0.002432 1.24 0.259 0.0657 605 0.04933 0.08224 0.002432 4.05 6.75 0.200 606 0.1454 0.05536 0.0001111 11.9 4.55 0.00913 

612/613 0.005068 0.05985 0.002441 0.448 5.30 0.216 

614 0.1079 0.2017 0.002441 10.4 19.4 0.235 615 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 9.64 1.30 0.0557 616 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 9.64 1.30 0.0557 617 0.03709 0.05985 0.002441 2.44 3.94 0.161 618 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 25.9 3.51 0.150 619 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 37.7 5.10 0.218 

622/623 0.0863 0.08084 0.003458 10.4 9.70 0.415 

624 0.03709 0.05985 0.002441 3.34 5.39 0.220 625 0.003011 0.02776 0.002441 0.271 2.50 0.220 

626/627 0.03709 0.05985 0.002441 3.31 5.35 0.218 

635 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 42.5 5.74 0.245 636 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 42.5 5.74 0.245 637 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.3 3.15 0.135 638 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.3 3.15 0.135 639 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 43.8 5.91 0.253 644 0.008043 0.1204 0.002441 0.547 8.20 0.166 645 0.01136 0.0859 0.002441 0.794 6.01 0.171 
A-14 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

642 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 28.7 3.87 0.166 648 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.5 3.98 0.170 649 0.05011 0.02146 0.002441 4.34 1.86 0.211 650 0.5304 0.1577 0.003458 22.1 6.58 0.144 671 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.6 4.00 0.171 672 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 29.6 4.00 0.171 

673/674 0.03830 0.01529 0.002441 3.79 1.51 0.242 

652 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 30.1 4.07 0.174 653 0.001581 0.004446 0.0001515 0.0845 0.238 0.00809 656 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 20.9 2.83 0.121 662 0.002162 0.03491 0.002441 0.216 3.49 0.244 663 0.5385 0.08084 0.003458 21.0 3.15 0.135 664 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 23.3 3.15 0.135 665 0.4985 0.08084 0.003458 19.4 3.15 0.135 667 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 27.5 3.72 0.159 668 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 27.5 3.72 0.159 669 0.7923 0.08084 0.003458 27.8 2.83 0.121 677 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 25.2 3.40 0.145 679 0.002381 0.03804 0.002441 0.137 2.18 0.140 680 0.003030 0.02956 0.002441 0.174 1.70 0.140 589 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 5.90 0.797 0.0341 

704/705/706/

707 

0.4127 0.08084 0.003458 24.1 4.72 0.202 

684 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 24.9 3.36 0.144 685 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 24.9 3.36 0.144 689 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 15.7 2.12 0.0909 690 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 9.81 1.33 0.0567 703 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 21.5 2.90 0.124 
A-15 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

693 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 32.1 4.33 0.185 694 0.5041 0.08084 0.003458 21.3 3.41 0.146 695 0.5748 0.01090 0.003458 31.9 0.605 0.192 696 0.003947 0.1005 0.002441 0.233 5.94 0.144 701 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 8.21 1.11 0.0474 702 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 31.4 4.25 0.182 592 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 9.33 1.26 0.0539 593 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 9.33 1.26 0.0539 178 0.7925 0.02329 0.003458 6.07 0.179 0.0265 180 0.4491 0.02326 0.003458 3.89 0.202 0.0300 179 0.3862 0.02031 0.003458 3.35 0.176 0.0300 709 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 25.2 3.40 0.145 710 1.068 0.08084 0.003458 35.2 2.66 0.114 711 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 22.1 2.99 0.128 712 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 17.7 2.40 0.103 713 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 12.2 1.65 0.0704 714 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 6.74 0.910 0.0389 715 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 6.74 0.910 0.0389 716 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 13.5 1.82 0.0779 

727/728 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 50.0 6.76 0.289 729/730 0.02108 0.01165 0.002441 2.46 1.36 0.284 731/732 0.4038 0.09573 0.003458 34.0 8.05 0.291 

735 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 8.81 1.19 0.0509 742 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 12.1 1.64 0.0700 743 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 12.1 1.64 0.0700 747 0.03709 0.05985 0.002441 2.13 3.43 0.140 748 0.03888 0.02798 0.002432 2.79 2.01 0.174 
A-16 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

H

749 0.03709 0.05985 0.002441 1.86 3.00 0.122 753 0.2944 0.08084 0.003458 14.2 3.89 0.167 754 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 24.5 3.31 0.142 758 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 17.7 2.39 0.102 759 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 2.91 0.393 0.0168 760 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 3.25 0.439 0.0188 761 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 2.91 0.393 0.0168 762 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 2.91 0.393 0.0168 

766/767 0.008777 0.01987 0.002441 0.911 2.06 0.253 

768 0.004627 0.01136 0.002441 0.501 1.23 0.264 769 0.005255 0.02585 0.002441 0.460 2.26 0.214 770 0.005066 0.02280 0.002441 0.444 2.00 0.214 773 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 20.9 2.83 0.121 774 0.03888 0.02798 0.002432 1.70 1.23 0.107 775 0.1319 0.009590 0.0003769 6.87 0.500 0.0196 776 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 17.8 2.41 0.103 777 0.5983 0.08084 0.003458 12.8 1.73 0.0742 
A-17 

Table A-3. Facility Status Based on Current Emissions Estimates 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emissio

HF HCl C

ACME-3 Acme Brick Company Acme- Bennett Tunnel Plant (BTP) Millsap TX 0.138 0.254 0.ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) Elgin TX 27.7 13.0 0.ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 41.0 4.24 0.ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) Holly Springs MS 22.1 2.99 0.ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) Kanopolis KS 15.1 2.05 0.0ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) Springfield MN 32.8 4.43 0.ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) Malvern AR 30.5 5.23 0.ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) Malakoff TX 27.4 12.4 0.ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 49.1 11.2 0.ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) Jonesboro AR 18.4 2.48 0.2 American Eagle Brick Co American Eagle Brick Co Sunland Park NM 8.91 1.20 0.0BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek Sugarcreek OH 152 27.0 3BELD-2 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 8.07 1.09 0.0BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 13.8 0.927 0.BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 42.9 7.97 0.BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 62.9 8.50 0.BORA-5 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #6 Bessemer AL 0.360 0.162 0.0BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 53.1 6.94 0.BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 14.0 7.46 0.BORA-13 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Muskogee Plant Muskogee OK 0.0182 0.409 0.BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 35.6 7.79 0.BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 94.1 12.7 0.BORA-17 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Salisbury Plant Salisbury NC 0.530 0.508 2
A-18 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emissio

HF HCl C

BORA-18 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Terre Haute Plant Terre Haute IN 0.0195 1.55 0.181 Certainteed Corporation Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici New Lexington OH 20.4 2.75 0.19 Cherokee Brick & Tile Co Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 45.2 14.1 0.34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 45.0 9.20 0.134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 96.4 13.0 0.64 Continental Brick Co Continental Brick- Martinsburg Martinsburg WV 43.8 5.91 0.83 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co Grover NC 23.8 3.22 0.

84 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Thomasville Thomasville NC 22.6 4.09 0.

153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 8.02 1.08 0.023 Endicott Clay Products Co Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 56.3 9.51 0.158 General Finance, Inc General Finance- Cloud Ceramics Concordia KS 1.24 0.259 0.0GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 40 Coosa GA 16.0 11.3 0.GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge 

(Roanoke) 

VA 10.8 24.7 0.

GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 21.7 6.54 0.GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 Woodbine KY 63.7 8.60 0.GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure Facility Moncure NC 14.0 17.6 0.GENE-12 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Robinson Brick Co.-

Plant 2 

Denver CO 3.31 5.35 0.

GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Bigler Bigler PA 84.9 11.5 0.GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Caledonia Caledonia OH 46.6 6.30 0.GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation - Capitol Manassas VA 43.8 5.91 0.GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Marseilles Marseilles IL 1.34 14.2 0.GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Redfield Redfield IA 28.7 3.87 0.GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-York York PA 33.8 5.84 0.HANS2 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Athens Athens TX 22.1 6.58 0.
A-19 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emissio

HF HCl C

HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 Columbia SC 59.2 8.00 0.HANS14 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 4 Columbia SC 3.79 1.51 0.HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 30.2 4.31 0.HANS7 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Mineral Wells East Mineral Wells TX 20.9 2.83 0.HANS8 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson - Monroe Monroe NC 0.216 3.49 0.HANS9 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 63.7 9.45 0.HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 55.0 7.44 0.HANS12 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 27.8 2.83 0.145 Hebron Brick Company Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 25.2 3.40 0.78 Henry Brick Company, Inc Henry Brick Selma AL 0.310 3.88 0.178NR International Chimney Corp Continental Clay- Kittanning Kittanning PA 5.90 0.797 0.0184 Ironrock Capital (formerly 

Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 24.1 4.72 0.

35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 49.8 6.73 0.175NR Kansas Brick and Tile Co Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 15.7 2.12 0.0104 Kasten Clay Products Co Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 9.81 1.33 0.0139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, Inc McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 21.5 2.90 0.135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 85.5 14.3 0.50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 8.21 1.11 0.042 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 31.4 4.25 0.MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 18.7 2.52 0.MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky Lewisport KY 13.3 0.556 0.087 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Mica Mica WA 25.2 3.40 0.88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Newcastle Renton WA 35.2 2.66 0.68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison Heights Madison 

Heights 

VA 22.1 2.99 0.
A-20 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emissio

HF HCl C

69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 29.9 4.04 0.176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 26.9 3.64 0.137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 86.4 16.2 0.159 Ragland Clay Products, 

LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 8.81 1.19 0.0

45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 24.2 3.27 0.90 Sioux City Brick and Tile Co Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 4.92 5.44 0.140 Sioux City Brick and Tile Co Sioux City- Sergeant Bluff Plant Sergeant Bluff IA 1.86 3.00 0.46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 38.7 7.21 0.116 Summit Pressed Brick and 

Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 17.7 2.39 0.

186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant Minerva OH 12.0 1.62 0.049 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry Oaks Plant Moncure NC 1.41 3.29 0.TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Wadesboro Plant Wadesboro NC 0.904 4.26 0.124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 22.6 4.05 0.Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 24.7 2.91 0.147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 12.8 1.73 0.0
A-21 

Table A-4. Potential Kiln Control and Estimated Emissions for Major Source Kilns 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Pote

HF HCl 

507 None Install DLA LCD 1.31 2.48 508 DIFF None LCD 1.50 9.48 509 None Install DLA SCD 0.523 0.989 510 None Install DLA SCD 1.00 0.989 511 None Install DLA SCD 0.523 0.989 512 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 2.09 513 None Install DLA SCD 0.757 1.43 500 None Install DLA SCD 0.819 1.55 501 None Install DLA SCD 0.819 1.55 515 None Install DLA SCD 1.27 1.72 516 None Install DLA SCD 0.259 1.95 518 DLA None LCD 0.622 8.77 

519/520 None Install DLA LCD 1.34 2.53 

521 None Install DLA SCD 2.45 7.82 522 None Install DLA SCD 0.919 1.74 523 None Install DLA SCD 0.446 0.843 526 DIFF None LCD 1.97 1.37 527 DIFF None LCD 4.64 0.737 

528/529/530 None Install DLA LCD 2.03 1.47 531/532/533 SD/ESP None LCD 89.7 21.9 

534/535 None Install DLA SCD 0.763 0.656 

536 None Install DLA SCD 0.404 0.763 

537/538 DIFF None LCD 13.8 0.927 

539 None Install DLA LCD 0.670 2.79 540 None Install DLA LCD 1.47 2.79 545 None Install DLA LCD 1.57 2.97 546 None Install DLA LCD 1.57 2.97 549 None Install DLA SCD 1.37 2.43 
A-22 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Pote

HF HCl 

550 None Install DLA SCD 1.28 2.43 

551/552 DLA None LCD 14.0 7.46 

559 None Install DLA LCD 0.472 2.97 560 None Install DLA LCD 1.31 2.48 561 None Install DLA LCD 1.47 2.78 562 None Install DLA LCD 1.47 2.78 563 None Install DLA LCD 1.77 3.35 699 None Install DLA SCD 1.02 1.93 575 None Install DLA SCD 0.718 1.36 576 None Install DLA SCD 0.718 1.36 

577/578 DLA None LCD 16.5 10.2 

581 None Install DLA SCD 1.04 1.96 582 None Install DLA SCD 1.04 1.96 583 DLA None LCD 3.62 3.60 584 None Install DLA LCD 1.61 3.04 585 None Install DLA LCD 1.61 3.04 586 None Install DLA LCD 1.61 3.04 587 None Install DLA SCD 1.09 2.07 588 None Install DLA SCD 1.09 2.07 590 None Install DLA SCD 1.19 2.25 591 None Install DLA LCD 1.13 2.86 594 None Install DLA SCD 0.200 0.379 595 None None SCD 4.01 0.542 596 None Install DLA SCD 1.18 2.23 597 None Install DLA SCD 1.18 2.23 598 None Install DLA SCD 0.457 2.20 599 DIFF None SCD 1.24 0.259 605 DIFF None LCD 4.05 6.75 606 DIFF None LCD 11.9 4.55 
A-23 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Pote

HF HCl 

612/613 DLA None LCD 0.448 5.30 

614 DLA None LCD 10.4 19.4 615 None Install DLA SCD 0.482 0.912 616 None Install DLA SCD 0.482 0.912 617 DLA None LCD 2.44 3.94 618 None Install DLA SCD 1.30 2.45 619 None Install DLA LCD 1.89 3.57 

622/623 None Install DLA LCD 0.518 6.79 

624 DLA None LCD 3.34 5.39 625 DLA None LCD 0.271 2.50 635 None Install DLA LCD 2.12 4.02 636 None Install DLA LCD 2.12 4.02 637 None Install DLA SCD 1.16 2.20 638 None Install DLA SCD 1.16 2.20 639 None Install DLA LCD 2.19 4.14 644 DLA None LCD 0.547 8.20 645 DLA None LCD 0.794 6.01 642 None Install DLA LCD 1.43 2.71 648 None Install DLA LCD 1.47 2.79 649 DLA None LCD 4.34 1.86 650 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 4.61 671 None Install DLA LCD 1.48 2.80 672 None Install DLA LCD 1.48 2.80 652 None Install DLA LCD 1.51 2.85 653 DLS/FF None LCD 0.0845 0.238 656 None Install DLA SCD 1.05 1.98 663 None Install DLA SCD 1.05 2.21 664 None Install DLA SCD 1.17 2.21 665 None Install DLA SCD 0.972 2.21 
A-24 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Pote

HF HCl 

667 None Install DLA LCD 1.38 2.60 668 None Install DLA LCD 1.38 2.60 669 None Install DLA SCD 1.39 1.98 677 None Install DLA SCD 1.26 2.38 589 None None SCD 5.90 0.797 

704/705/706/707 None Install DLA LCD 1.20 3.30 

684 None Install DLA SCD 1.24 2.35 685 None Install DLA SCD 1.24 2.35 689 None Install DLA SCD 0.786 1.49 690 None Install DLA SCD 0.490 0.928 703 None Install DLA SCD 1.07 2.03 693 None Install DLA LCD 1.60 3.03 694 None Install DLA SCD 1.06 2.39 695 None Install DLA LCD 1.59 0.423 696 DLA None LCD 0.233 5.94 701 None Install DLA SCD 0.410 0.776 702 None Install DLA LCD 1.57 2.97 592 None Install DLA SCD 0.466 0.882 593 None Install DLA SCD 0.466 0.882 178 None Install DLA SCD 0.304 0.125 180 None None SCD 3.89 0.202 179 None None SCD 3.35 0.176 709 None Install DLA SCD 1.26 2.38 710 None Install DLA SCD 1.76 1.86 711 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 2.09 712 None Install DLA SCD 0.887 1.68 713 None Install DLA SCD 0.609 1.15 714 None Install DLA SCD 0.337 0.637 715 None Install DLA SCD 0.337 0.637 
A-25 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Pote

HF HCl 

716 None Install DLA SCD 0.674 1.27 

727/728 None Install DLA LCD 2.50 4.73 729/730 DLA None LCD 2.46 1.36 731/732 None Install DLA LCD 1.70 5.64 

735 None Install DLA SCD 0.440 0.833 742 None Install DLA SCD 0.605 1.15 743 None Install DLA SCD 0.605 1.15 749 DLA None LCD 1.86 3.00 753 None Install DLA LCD 0.709 2.73 754 None Install DLA SCD 1.23 2.32 758 None Install DLA SCD 0.884 1.67 759 None None SCD 2.91 0.393 760 None Install DLA SCD 0.162 0.307 761 None Install DLA SCD 0.145 0.275 762 None Install DLA SCD 0.145 0.275 773 None Install DLA SCD 1.05 1.98 774 DIFF None LCD 1.70 1.23 775 None Install DLA LCD 0.344 0.350 776 None Install DLA SCD 0.891 1.69 777 None Install DLA SCD 0.642 1.21 
A-26 

Table A-5. Potential Facility Status and Cost Based on Installation of DLA for Current Major 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Major 2.81 12.0 0.108 14.9 Major 

ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant 

(EBP) 

Major 2.05 2.97 0.127 5.14 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs 

Plant (HSP) 

Major 1.11 2.09 0.0896 3.29 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant 

(KAP) 

Major 0.757 1.43 0.0613 2.25 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant 

(AOP) 

Major 1.64 3.10 0.133 4.87 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Major 1.53 3.66 0.186 5.37 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant 

(TCP) 

Major 1.96 11.3 0.217 13.5 Major 

ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Major 2.45 7.82 0.0902 10.4 Synthetic 

Area 

ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant 

(WTP) 

Major 0.919 1.74 0.0743 2.73 Synthetic 

Area 

2 American Eagle Brick 

Co 

American Eagle Brick Co Major 0.446 0.843 0.0360 1.32 Synthetic 

Area 

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 

Major 99.1 26.1 3.36 129 Major 

BELD-2 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Major 0.404 0.763 0.0327 1.20 Synthetic 

Area 

BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Major 13.8 0.927 0.319 15.1 Major BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Major 2.14 5.58 0.239 7.96 Synthetic 

Area 

BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Major 3.14 5.95 0.254 9.35 Major BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Major 2.66 4.86 0.208 7.72 Synthetic 

Area 
A-27 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Major 14.0 7.46 0.261 21.7 Major BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Major 1.78 5.45 0.212 7.44 Synthetic 

Area 

BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Major 4.70 8.90 0.381 14.0 Major 181 Certainteed 

Corporation 

Certainteed CorporationLudowici Major 1.02 1.93 0.0825 3.03 Synthetic Area 

19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Major 17.9 12.9 0.431 31.3 Major 

34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick 

Company 

Major 5.69 7.52 0.363 13.6 Major 

134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Major 4.82 9.12 0.390 14.3 Major 

64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Major 2.19 4.14 0.177 6.50 Synthetic Area 83 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co 

Major 1.19 2.25 0.0963 3.54 Synthetic 

Area 

84 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

CunninghamThomasville Major 1.13 2.86 0.122 4.11 Synthetic Area 

153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Major 4.21 0.921 0.0394 5.17 Synthetic 

Area 

23 Endicott Clay Products 

Co 

Endicott Clay Products Major 2.82 6.66 0.285 9.76 Major 

GENE-5 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Major 16.0 11.3 0.209 27.5 Major 

GENE-8 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Major 10.8 24.7 0.451 36.0 Major 

GENE-9 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Major 3.40 5.76 0.239 9.40 Major 

GENE-15 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Major 3.18 6.02 0.258 9.46 Major 
A-28 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

GENE-11 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Major 4.13 14.7 0.730 19.5 Major 

GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Major 4.25 8.03 0.344 12.6 Major GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Major 2.33 4.41 0.189 6.93 Synthetic Area GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation - 

Capitol 

Major 2.19 4.14 0.177 6.50 Synthetic 

Area 

GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Major 1.34 14.2 0.337 15.9 Major GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationRedfield Major 1.43 2.71 0.116 4.26 Synthetic Area GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork Major 5.81 4.64 0.330 10.8 Synthetic Area HANS2 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Athens Major 1.11 4.61 0.101 5.82 Synthetic 

Area 

HANS13 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Major 2.96 5.60 0.240 8.80 Major 

HANS5 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Major 1.59 3.09 0.130 4.81 Synthetic 

Area 

HANS7 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Mineral Wells East 

Major 1.05 1.98 0.0847 3.11 Synthetic 

Area 

HANS9 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Ninety Six Major 3.19 6.62 0.283 10.1 Major 

HANS11 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Major 2.75 5.21 0.223 8.18 Major 

HANS12 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Stanton Major 1.39 1.98 0.0848 3.46 Synthetic 

Area 

145 Hebron Brick 

Company 

Hebron Brick Plant Major 1.26 2.38 0.102 3.74 Synthetic 

Area 
A-29 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Major 1.20 3.30 0.141 4.65 Synthetic 

Area 

35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Major 2.49 4.71 0.201 7.40 Synthetic 

Area 

175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 

Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Major 0.786 1.49 0.0636 2.34 Synthetic 

Area 

104 Kasten Clay Products 

Co 

Kasten Clay Products Major 0.490 0.928 0.0397 1.46 Synthetic 

Area 

139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, 

Inc 

McNear Brickyard Major 1.07 2.03 0.0869 3.19 Synthetic 

Area 

135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Major 4.50 11.8 0.511 16.8 Major 50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Major 0.410 0.776 0.0332 1.22 Synthetic 

Area 

42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Major 1.57 2.97 0.127 4.67 Synthetic 

Area 

MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, 

Alabama 

Major 0.933 1.76 0.0755 2.77 Synthetic 

Area 

MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Major 7.55 0.503 0.0785 8.13 Synthetic 

Area 

87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Mica Major 1.26 2.38 0.102 3.74 Synthetic 

Area 

88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Major 1.76 1.86 0.0798 3.70 Synthetic Area 68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison 

Heights 

Major 1.11 2.09 0.0895 3.29 Synthetic 

Area 

69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia-Salem Major 1.50 2.83 0.121 4.45 Synthetic 

Area 

176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Major 1.35 2.55 0.109 4.00 Synthetic Area 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Major 6.65 11.7 0.690 19.1 Major 
A-30 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

159 Ragland Clay 

Products, LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Major 0.440 0.833 0.0356 1.31 Synthetic 

Area 

45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Major 1.21 2.29 0.0980 3.60 Synthetic 

Area 

46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Major 1.93 5.04 0.216 7.19 Synthetic 

Area 

116 Summit Pressed Brick 

and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Major 0.884 1.67 0.0716 2.63 Synthetic 

Area 

186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-

Minerva Plant 

Major 3.36 1.25 0.0535 4.67 Synthetic 

Area 

124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Major 2.75 3.20 0.191 6.14 Synthetic 

Area 

Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Major 1.23 2.04 0.0858 3.36 Synthetic 

Area 

147 Yankee Hill Brick and 

Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Major 0.642 1.21 0.0519 1.91 Synthetic 

Area 
Appendix B 

Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting Health-Based Standards 

 
B-1 

Table B-1. Acid Gas Emissions and Calculated HCl-Equivalent Emissions for Major Source 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

507 ACME-8 Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 10.00 None 5.96 0.808 508 ACME-8 Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 19.10 DIFF 0.268 1.83 509 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 510 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 511 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 512 ACME-12 Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) 8.45 None 5.03 0.683 513 ACME-14 Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) 5.78 None 3.44 0.467 500 ACME-1 Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 6.25 None 3.72 0.505 501 ACME-1 Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 6.25 None 3.72 0.505 515 ACME-18 Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 9.66 None 0.983 0.310 516 ACME-18 Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 7.86 None 0.983 0.527 518 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 10.20 DLA 0.142 2.00 519 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 5.10 None 3.04 0.412 520 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 5.10 None 3.04 0.412 521 ACME-21 Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) 8.51 None 11.2 2.55 522 ACME-23 Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) 7.01 None 4.18 0.567 523 2 American Eagle Brick Co 3.40 None 2.03 0.275 526 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 10.65 DIFF 0.344 0.191 527 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #3 Sugarcreek 13.70 DIFF 0.707 0.0960 528 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 2.97 0.143 529 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 2.97 0.143 530 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 1.03 0.0632 531 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 4.49 1.09 532 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 5.12 1.25 533 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 5.12 1.25 534 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 3.05 None 1.41 0.0867 
B-2 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

535 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 3.05 None 1.41 0.0867 536 BELD-2 Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg 3.08 None 1.83 0.249 537 BORA-1 Boral- Atlanta Plant 14.97 DIFF 0.548 0.0417 538 BORA-1 Boral- Atlanta Plant 14.97 DIFF 1.85 0.119 539 BORA-2 Boral- Augusta Plant 6 11.25 None 2.54 0.909 540 BORA-2 Boral- Augusta Plant 6 11.25 None 2.54 0.909 545 BORA-4 Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 12.00 None 7.15 0.970 546 BORA-4 Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 12.00 None 7.15 0.970 549 BORA-6 Boral- Gleason Plant 9.80 None 3.77 0.792 550 BORA-6 Boral- Gleason Plant 9.80 None 3.77 0.792 551 BORA-7 Boral- Henderson Facility 11.33 DLA 1.45 0.789 552 BORA-7 Boral- Henderson Facility 11.33 DLA 1.45 0.789 559 BORA-14 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 10.00 None 2.77 1.25 560 BORA-14 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 10.00 None 2.77 1.25 561 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 13.50 None 8.04 1.09 562 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 11.20 None 6.67 0.905 563 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 11.20 None 6.67 0.905 699 181 Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici 7.78 None 4.63 0.629 575 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 5.48 None 3.26 0.443 576 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 5.48 None 3.26 0.443 577 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 14.74 DLA 1.98 1.27 578 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 14.74 DLA 2.07 1.24 581 34 Columbus Brick Company 7.90 None 4.71 0.639 582 34 Columbus Brick Company 7.90 None 4.71 0.639 583 34 Columbus Brick Company 18.30 DLA 0.610 0.607 584 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.30 0.991 585 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.30 0.991 586 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.30 0.991 587 64 Continental Brick- Martinsburg 8.35 None 4.97 0.675 
B-3 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

588 64 Continental Brick- Martinsburg 8.35 None 4.97 0.675 590 83 Cunningham- Cleveland Co 9.08 None 5.41 0.734 591 84 Cunningham- Thomasville 11.55 None 4.28 0.934 592 MOHA-4 Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 3.56 None 2.12 0.288 593 MOHA-4 Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 3.56 None 2.12 0.288 178 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.75 None 1.66 0.0487 179 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.98 None 0.699 0.0368 180 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.98 None 0.844 0.0437 594 153 Elgin Butler Plant 1.53 None 0.911 0.124 595 153 Elgin Butler Plant 1.53 None 0.911 0.124 596 23 Endicott Clay Products 9.00 None 5.36 0.728 597 23 Endicott Clay Products 9.00 None 5.36 0.728 598 23 Endicott Clay Products 8.86 None 1.40 0.716 605 GENE-5 General Shale Brick-Plant 40 18.75 DIFF 0.810 1.40 606 GENE-5 General Shale Brick-Plant 40 18.75 DIFF 2.69 0.916 612 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 10.10 DLA 0.0375 0.605 613 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 10.10 DLA 0.0375 0.605 614 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 22.00 DLA 1.85 3.42 615 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 3.68 None 2.19 0.297 616 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 3.68 None 2.19 0.297 617 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 15.02 DLA 0.557 0.899 618 GENE-15 General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 9.90 None 5.90 0.800 619 GENE-15 General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 14.40 None 8.58 1.16 622 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 13.70 None 0.982 1.11 623 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 13.70 None 0.982 1.11 624 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 20.55 DLA 0.0600 0.553 625 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 20.55 DLA 0.0600 0.553 635 GLEN-1 Glen-Gery Corporation-Bigler 16.20 None 9.65 1.31 636 GLEN-1 Glen-Gery Corporation-Bigler 16.20 None 9.65 1.31 
B-4 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

637 GLEN-2 Glen-Gery Corporation-Caledonia 8.89 None 5.30 0.719 638 GLEN-2 Glen-Gery Corporation-Caledonia 8.89 None 5.30 0.719 639 GLEN-3 Glen-Gery Corporation-Capitol 16.70 None 9.95 1.35 644 GLEN-8 Glen-Gery Corporation-Marseilles 15.54 DLA 0.120 1.80 645 GLEN-8 Glen-Gery Corporation-Marseilles 15.96 DLA 0.181 1.36 642 GLEN-5 Glen-Gery Corporation-Redfield 10.94 None 6.52 0.884 648 GLEN-10 Glen-Gery Corporation-York 11.24 None 6.69 0.909 649 GLEN-10 Glen-Gery Corporation-York 19.76 DLA 0.599 0.257 650 HANS2 Hanson- Athens 9.53 None 5.25 1.56 671 HANS13 Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 11.30 None 6.73 0.914 672 HANS13 Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 11.30 None 6.73 0.914 652 HANS5 Hanson- Elgin 11.50 None 0.0176 0.0429 653 HANS5 Hanson- Elgin 12.20 DLS/FF 0.00550 0.0260 656 HANS7 Hanson- Mineral Wells East 7.99 None 4.76 0.646 663 HANS9 Hanson- Ninety Six 8.90 None 4.15 0.719 664 HANS9 Hanson- Ninety Six 8.90 None 4.39 0.719 665 HANS9 Hanson- Ninety Six 8.90 None 4.39 0.719 667 HANS11 Hanson- Roseboro 10.50 None 6.25 0.849 668 HANS11 Hanson- Roseboro 10.50 None 6.25 0.849 669 HANS12 Hanson- Stanton 8.00 None 5.99 0.647 677 145 Hebron Brick Plant 9.60 None 0.0300 0.776 704 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 0.861 0.269 

705 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 0.861 0.269 

706 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 1.43 0.269 

707 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 1.05 0.269 

684 35 Jenkins- Coosaada Plant 9.50 None 11.3 1.54 
B-5 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

685 35 Jenkins- Coosaada Plant 9.50 None 11.3 1.54 689 175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 6.00 None 3.57 0.485 690 104 Kasten Clay Products 3.74 None 2.23 0.303 693 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 12.24 None 7.29 0.989 694 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 9.64 None 3.93 0.779 695 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 12.67 None 5.80 0.110 696 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 13.50 DLA 0.0433 1.10 701 50 Marion Ceramics 3.13 None 1.87 0.253 702 42 McAvoy Brick 12.00 None 7.15 0.970 703 139 McNear Brickyard 8.20 None 4.88 0.663 709 87 Mutual Materials-Mica 9.60 None 5.72 0.776 710 88 Mutual Materials-Newcastle 7.52 None 6.67 0.608 711 68 Old Virginia- Madison Heights 8.44 None 5.03 0.682 712 69 Old Virginia-Salem 6.77 None 4.03 0.547 713 69 Old Virginia-Salem 4.65 None 2.77 0.376 714 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 2.57 None 1.53 0.208 715 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 2.57 None 1.53 0.208 716 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 5.14 None 3.06 0.416 727 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.54 None 5.68 0.771 728 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.54 None 5.68 0.771 729 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 13.30 DLA 0.285 0.138 730 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 13.30 DLA 0.239 0.153 731 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.60 None 3.19 0.760 732 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.60 None 3.19 0.760 735 159 Ragland Clay Products 3.36 None 2.00 0.272 742 45 Richards Brick 4.62 None 2.75 0.373 743 45 Richards Brick 4.62 None 2.75 0.373 753 46 Statesville Brick 11.00 None 2.89 0.889 754 46 Statesville Brick 9.35 None 5.57 0.756 
B-6 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

E

758 116 Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 6.75 None 4.02 0.546 759 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.661 0.0897 760 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.24 None 0.739 0.100 761 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.661 0.0897 762 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.661 0.0897 773 124 Watsontown Brick 7.98 None 4.76 0.645 774 124 Watsontown Brick 10.00 DIFF 0.389 0.280 775 Whit Whitacre Greer 11.90 None 7.09 0.962 776 Whit Whitacre Greer 6.80 None 4.05 0.550 777 147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile 4.90 None 2.92 0.396 

a Values in plain font are lb/hr emissions from test data. Values in bold italic underlined font were calculated by multiplying emission fact

design capacity. 

b HCl-equivalent emissions calculated using the equation in Section IV of this memorandum. 
B-7 

Table B-2. Total Facility HCl-Equivalent Emissions 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Sta

ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) Elgin TX ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) Holly Springs MS ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) Kanopolis KS ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) Springfield MN ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) Malvern AR ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) Malakoff TX ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) Jonesboro AR 2 American Eagle Brick Co American Eagle Brick Co Sunland Park NM BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Sugarcreek Sugarcreek OH BELD-2 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 181 Certainteed Corporation Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici New Lexington OH 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile Co Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 64 Continental Brick Co Continental Brick- Martinsburg Martinsburg WV 83 Cunningham Brick Company, Inc Cunningham- Cleveland Co Grover NC 84 Cunningham Brick Company, Inc Cunningham- Thomasville Thomasville NC MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky Lewisport KY 
B-8 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Sta

153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 23 Endicott Clay Products Co Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 40 Coosa GA GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 Woodbine KY GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure Facility Moncure NC GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Bigler Bigler PA GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Caledonia Caledonia OH GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Capitol Manassas VA GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Marseilles Marseilles IL GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-Redfield Redfield IA GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation-York York PA HANS2 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Athens Athens TX HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 Columbia SC HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX HANS7 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Mineral Wells East Mineral Wells TX HANS9 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC HANS12 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 145 Hebron Brick Company Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly 

Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 

35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 175NR Kansas Brick and Tile Co Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 104 Kasten Clay Products Co Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, Inc McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 
B-9 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Sta

87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Mica Mica WA 88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Newcastle Renton WA 68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison Heights Madison Heights VA 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 159 Ragland Clay Products, LLC Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 116 Summit Pressed Brick and Tile Co Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard Pueblo CO 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant Minerva OH 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 
Appendix C 

Estimate of Non-Hg HAP Metals Emissions (lb/hr) by Kiln 

 
C-1 

Table C-1. Estimate of Non-Hg HAP Metals Emissions by Kiln 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

507 ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 10.00 None 0.32

508 ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 19.10 DIFF 0.0

509 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.32510 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.32511 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.32512 ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs Plant 

(HSP) 

Holly Springs 

MS 8.45 None 0.32

513 ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant 

(KAP) 

Kanopolis KS 5.78 None 0.32

500 ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant 

(AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 None 0.32

501 ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant 

(AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 None 0.32

515 ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 9.66 None 0.29

516 ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 7.86 None 0.2

518 ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant 

(TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 DLA 0.

519/520 ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant 

(TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 None 0.32

521 ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 8.51 None 0.2522 ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant 

(WTP) 

Jonesboro AR 7.01 None 0.32

523 2 American Eagle Brick 

Co 

American Eagle Brick Co Sunland 

Park 

NM 3.40 None 0.32
C-2 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

526 BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #2 

Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 10.65 DIFF 0.06

527 BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #3 

Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 13.70 DIFF 0.07

528/529/

530 

BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #6 

Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 15.96 None 0.3

531/532/

533 

BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #8 

Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 23.31 SD/ESP 0.

534/535 BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #9 

Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 6.10 None 0.6

536 BELD-2 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 3.08 None 0.32

537/538 BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 29.94 DIFF 0.008

539 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 None 0.2540 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 None 0.28545 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 None 0.32546 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 None 0.32549 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 None 0.0550 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 None 0.019

551/552 BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 22.66 DLA 0.5

559 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 None 0.32560 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 None 0.32561 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 None 0.32562 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 None 0.32563 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 13.50 None 0.32699 181 Certainteed Corporation Certainteed CorporationLudowici New Lexington OH 7.78 None 0.32575 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 None 0.32
C-3 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

576 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 None 0.32

577/578 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 29.48 DLA 0.2

581 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 7.90 None 0.32582 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 7.90 None 0.32583 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 18.30 DLA 0.04584 134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.32585 134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.32586 134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.32587 64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 None 0.32588 64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 None 0.32590 83 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co 

Grover NC 9.08 None 0.32

591 84 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Thomasville Thomasville NC 11.55 None 0.32

592 MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 3.56 None 0.32593 MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 3.56 None 0.32178 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.75 None 0.2

179 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 None 0.3

180 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 None 0.

594 153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 None 0.32595 153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 None 0.32596 23 Endicott Clay Products 

Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 None 0.32
C-4 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

597 23 Endicott Clay Products 

Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 None 0.32

598 23 Endicott Clay Products 

Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 8.86 None 0.32

605 GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 

40 

Coosa GA 18.75 DIFF 0.039

606 GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 

40 

Coosa GA 18.75 DIFF 0.03

612/613 GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 20.20 DLA 0.4

614 GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 22.00 DLA 0.16615 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 None 0.32616 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 None 0.32617 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 15.02 DLA 0.16618 GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 9.90 None 0.32619 GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 14.40 None 0.32

622/623 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure 

Facility 

Moncure NC 27.40 None 0.32

624 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure 

Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 DLA 0.09

625 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure 

Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 DLA 0.09

635 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 None 0.32
C-5 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

636 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 None 0.32637 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 None 0.32638 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 None 0.32639 GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCapitol Manassas VA 17.00 None 0.32644 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.54 DLA 0.645 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.96 DLA 0.2642 GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationRedfield Redfield IA 10.94 None 0.32648 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 11.24 None 0.32649 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 19.76 DLA 0.05650 HANS2 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Athens Athens TX 9.53 None 0.2671 HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 

2 

Columbia SC 11.30 None 0.32

672 HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 

2 

Columbia SC 11.30 None 0.32

652 HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 11.50 None 0.32653 HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 12.20 DIFF 0.05656 HANS7 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Mineral Wells 

East 

Mineral Wells 

TX 7.99 None 0.32

663 HANS9 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 None 0.05664 HANS9 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 None 0.050665 HANS9 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Ninety Six Ninety-Six SC 8.90 None 0.05
C-6 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

667 HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 None 0.32668 HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 None 0.32669 HANS12 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 8.00 None 0.3677 145 Hebron Brick Company Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 9.60 None 0.32

704/705/

706/707 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 13.32 None 0.7

684 35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 None 0.32685 35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 None 0.32689 175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 

Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 6.00 None 0.32

690 104 Kasten Clay Products 

Co 

Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 3.74 None 0.32

693 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.24 None 0.01694 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 9.64 None 0.32695 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.67 None 0.0696 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 13.50 DLA 0.0701 50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 3.13 None 0.32702 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 12.00 None 0.32703 139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, 

Inc 

McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 8.20 None 0.32

709 87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials-Mica Mica WA 9.60 None 0.32710 88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Renton WA 7.52 None 0.32711 68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison 

Heights 

Madison Heights 

VA 8.44 None 0.32

712 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 6.77 None 0.32713 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 4.65 None 0.32
C-7 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

714 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 None 0.32715 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 None 0.32716 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 5.14 None 0.32

727/728 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.08 None 0.32729/730 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 26.60 DLA 0.731/732 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.20 None 0.32

735 159 Ragland Clay Products, 

LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 3.36 None 0.32

742 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 None 0.32743 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 None 0.32753 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 11.00 None 0.32754 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 9.35 None 0.32758 116 Summit Pressed Brick 

and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 6.75 None 0.32

759 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.32

760 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.24 None 0.32

761 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.32

762 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.-

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.32

773 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 7.98 None 0.32774 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 10.00 DIFF 0.055775 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 11.90 None 0.6776 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 6.80 None 0.32
C-8 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Avera

PM 

(lb/to

777 147 Yankee Hill Brick and 

Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 4.90 None 0.32

a No PM or HAP metals test data available; value is emission factor based on APCD. b No PM or HAP metals test data available; value calculated by multiplying lb/ton value and kiln capacity. c No PM or HAP metals test data available; value calculated by multiplying lb/hr PM emissions and average percentage of PM that is med No PM test data available, assigned same lb/ton value as tested identical kiln at the same facility. e Kiln not tested for HAP metals; value calculated by multiplying lb/hr PM emissions and average percentage of PM that is metal HAP (1