State of Ohio 

Enviromental Protection Agency

Division of Air Pollution Control

2006 Annual Report

Ted Strickland, Governor

Chris Korleski, Director
STATE OF OHIO 

AIR QUALITY

CALENDAR YEAR 2006 

PREPARED BY 

AIR QUALITY AND ANALYSIS UNIT 

DIVISION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL 

OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 
Our Mailing address is: 

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control 

PO Box 1049 

Columbus, OH 43216-1049 

And we are located at: 

Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control 

50 West Town Street, Suite 700 

Columbus, OH 43215 

Ohio EPA’s web address is: 

www.epa.state.oh.us

The Ohio EPA’s general phone number is: 

(614) 644-3020 

The Division of Air Pollution Control phone number is: 

(614) 644-2270 
i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

A. General Review

2006 air quality data are summarized for the 

seven criteria pollutants: particulate matter 

less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and 

particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in 

diameter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen 

dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3),

and lead (Pb). Data are also summarized for 

total suspended particulates (TSP). 

A section discussing Toxics monitoring projects 

conducted in 2006 is included. 

Trend studies are presented for three criteria 

pollutants: SO2, CO, and O3.

Precision and accuracy data gathered through the 

quality assurance programs are also included. 

B. Discussion of Violations

Violations of multiple-year, annual and short 

term air quality standards by county and 

pollutant are shown in Figures 3 through 17 and 

in Table 3.

C. Conclusions

1. There are now 44 PM10 monitoring sites and 50 PM2.5

monitoring sites with 83 monitors, continuous, 

intermittent and speciation. In 1987 there were 30 

PM10 and no PM2.5 monitoring sites. Nearly all 

monitoring for particulate matter is conducted 

using PM10 and PM2.5 samplers. Monitoring for TSP 

has essentially been discontinued. During 2006, 10 
TSP sites reported data, down from 217 sites in 

1987. Of those 10 sites all are monitoring for 

lead or other metals and also report TSP data.

2. Sulfur dioxide levels in urban areas have dropped 

an average of 23.6% in the last ten years. There 

were no violations of SO2 air quality standards in 

2006.

3. No overall trend is indicated for the past several 

years for carbon monoxide. Figure 21 shows 

individual urban area trends. 

4. The relatively high lead concentrations sampled in 

Fulton and Logan Counties are the result of 

industrial source monitoring. Monitors are located 

near lead processing sources in those counties to 

determine compliance with the standard. 

5. All areas are monitoring attainment of the now 

revoked one hour ozone standard. Twenty-nine 

counties are monitoring attainment of the eight 

hour standard. There are three counties with 

monitored non-attainment based on data for 2004 

through 2006. 

6. No violations of air quality standards for nitrogen 

dioxide were recorded in 2006. 

7. No air pollution alerts were declared in 2006. 

D. The Ohio Network

In 2006 there were a total of 253 monitors at 

217 sites reporting data. There were 14 carbon 

monoxide, 30 sulfur dioxide, 3 nitrogen 

dioxide, 49 ozone, 44 10 micron particulate 

(PM10), 47 2.5 micron particulate Federal 

Reference Monitors (PM2.5) and 20 lead sites. 

The only states with comparable or more 

monitoring sites are California with 675, Texas 

with 265 and Pennsylvania with 247 sites. 

 ii 
iii

 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................ i 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS................................ iii 

 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES....................... iv 

TOXICS DATA TABLES............................... v 

 I. INTRODUCTION..................................... 1 

 II. SUMMARY OF 2006 AIR QUALITY DATA................. 10 

III. AIR QUALITY TRENDS............................... 27 

 IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM........................ 37 

 V. AIR QUALITY DATA FOR 2006........................ 45 

 Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)............. 47 

 Particulate Matter <10m (PM10)................. 50 

 Particulate Matter <2.5m (PM2.5)............... 54 

 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)........................... 62 

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)......................... 65 

 Carbon Monoxide (CO)........................... 67 

 Ozone (O3)..................................... 69 

 Lead........................................... 83 

 VI. AIR TOXICS MONITORING............................ 87 

 VII. AIR POLLUTION EPISODES AND THE 

 AIR QUALITY INDEX.............................. 117 

VIII. MONITORING SITES IN 2006........................ 121 

 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................... 128 

 Reporting Organizations......................... 129 
iv

 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Page

TABLE 1 Air Quality Standards For the Criteria 

 Pollutants................................. 6 

TABLE 2 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in Ohio ....... 9 

TABLE 3 Violations of Air Quality Standards by 

 County..................................... 26 

TABLE 4 Ohio SO Trends 1997-2006................... 27 2

T - Precision and Accuracy Data for each Local ABLES 5 10 

 Air Agency and District Office............. 39-44 

TABLE 11 Target Compound List For Canister Analysis.. 92 

TABLE 12 AQI Values and Pollutant Concentrations..... 118 

TABLE 13 AQI by Category Totals...................... 119 

FIGURE 1 Map and Directory of District and Local 

 Air Pollution Agencies..................... 7 

FIGURE 2 Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio......... 8 

FIGURE 3 PM10 Highest Annual Average by County........ 11 

FIGURE 4 PM10 2nd High 24-HR Concentration............. 12 

FIGURE 5 PM2.5 Highest Annual Average by County....... 13 

FIGURE 6 PM2.5 98th Percentile 24-HR Conc. by County... 14 

FIGURE 7 PM2.5 2004-2006 Average of Annual Averages... 15 

FIGURE 8 SO Highest Annual Mean by County............ 16 

FIGURE 9 SO

2

2 2nd Highest 24-HR Concentration by County 17 

FIGURE 10 SO2 2nd Highest 3-HR Concentration by County. 18 

FIGURE 11 CO 2nd Highest 8-HR Concentration by County... 19 

FIGURE 12 CO 2nd Highest 1-HR Concentration by County... 20 

FIGURE 13 NO2 Highest Annual Mean by County............. 21 

FIGURE 14 O3 2nd Highest 1-HR Concentration by County.... 22 

FIGURE 15 O 4 Highest 8-HR Concentration by County.... 23 

Figure 16 O

3

th

3 2004-2006 Avg. of 4th High 8-Hr. Averages... 24 

FIGURE 17 Lead Highest Quarterly Mean by County......... 25 

FIGURE 18 SO Trend Study Results....................... 28 2

FIGURE 19 Ozone Trend Study Results, 1-Hr Exceedances... 30 

FIGURE 20 Ozone Trend Study Results, 8-Hr 4th Highs..... 31 

FIGURE 21 CO Trend Study Results....................... 33-36 
v

TOXICS DATA TABLES

Urban Air Toxics 

TABLE A Butler Co. ................................. 95 

TABLE B Hamilton Co. ............................... 96 

TABLE C Cuyahoga Co. (035-0038)..................... 97 

TABLE D Cuyahoga Co. (035-0068)..................... 98 

TABLE E Cuyahoga Co. (035-0069)..................... 99 

TABLE F Cuyahoga Co. (035-0071)..................... 100 

TABLE G Franklin Co. ............................... 101 

TABLE H Jefferson Co. .............................. 102 

TABLE I Washington Co. ............................. 103 

 Heavy Metals Data 

TABLE J Middletown (Lefferson Rd.).................. 106 

TABLE K East Liverpool (Port Authority)............. 106 

TABLE L East Liverpool (Waterplant)................. 107 

TABLE M East Liverpool (Maryland Ave.).............. 107 

TABLE N Cleveland (St. Tikhon)...................... 108 

TABLE O Cleveland (Fire Station 4A)................. 108 

TABLE P Cleveland (Ferro)........................... 109 

TABLE Q Cleveland (Fortran)......................... 109 

TABLE R Cleveland (W 3rd St.)........................ 110 

TABLE S Cleveland (Broadway Ave.)................... 110 

TABLE T Cleveland (Superior Ave.)................... 111 

TABLE U Columbus (Woodrow Ave.)..................... 111 

TABLE V Fulton Co. (Delta).......................... 112 

TABLE W Bellefontaine .............................. 112 

TABLE X Washington Co. (Lancaster Rd.).............. 113 

TABLE Y Marietta.................................... 113 

TABLE Z Washington Co. (ERAMET)..................... 114 

TABLE AA Ottawa Co. (Brush Wellman) ................. 114 

TABLE AB Marion Co. (635 Bellefontaine) ............. 115 

TABLE AC Marion Co. (441 Whitmore St.) .............. 115 

 
Blank Page vi 
1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. General

A variety of substances are generated and released into the 

atmosphere by a multitude of manmade sources as well as natural 

sources. Those substances that may affect public health and 

welfare are regarded as "air pollutants". The U.S. EPA has 

established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to 

safeguard the public health and welfare from selected air 

pollutants. The pollutants for which standards have been 

promulgated are: Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),

Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Particulate Matter 

10 microns (PM10) and Particulate Matter 2.5 microns (PM2.5).

The standards are ambient concentrations that are expressed in 

micrograms per cubic meter (g/m3) or parts per million (ppm) per 

duration (1 hr., 3 hr., etc.) with a restriction (not to be 

exceeded or not to be exceeded more than once per year, etc.). 

Table 1 shows the NAAQS in effect at the end of 2006.

In some cases, standards are separated into two parts: primary 

and secondary. The primary standard sets the level of air 

pollution above which human health is endangered. The secondary 

standard sets the level above which the welfare of citizens is 

endangered due to air pollution damage to crops, animals, 

vegetation and materials. 

This report contains a summary of measured high concentrations 

of the pollutants, selected statistics, including quality 

assurance of the data, and trend analyses for various areas in 

Ohio. A brief description of the pollutants, the sources from 

which the pollutants originate and the adverse health effects of 

the pollutants and the monitoring methods, precede the tabulated 

pollutant concentrations. 

Ambient air is generally defined as air that is accessible to 

the general public. The air that is within (over) the fenced in 

or guarded areas of facility property is not ambient. 

Data for this report were collected by Ohio EPA, local air 

pollution control agencies and private industry. An indication 

of the accuracy of data from each reporting organization is 

located in a separate section on Quality Assurance. 

B. Development of the Ohio Air Monitoring System

Society's concern about the pollution of air brought about the 

first national law, the Clean Air Act of July 14, 1955. This 

Act and its subsequent amendments first encouraged, then 

authorized grants to help finance the establishment of state and 
2

local air pollution control programs. 

In 1963, aided in part by this federal program, the Ohio 

Department of Health established the Ohio Air Sampling Network 

(OASN) with 21 sites. The OASN was designed to measure the 

levels of "Total Suspended Particulate" (TSP) throughout the 

state.

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 mandated the promulgation 

of the NAAQS and delegated authority to develop plans for their 

attainment to the individual states. To oversee the provisions 

of this Act, the U.S. EPA was formed in February of 1972 by 

Presidential Order. 

After proposing standards for the criteria air pollutants, the 

US EPA worked with Ohio to set up the State Implementation Plan 

(SIP) which included a detailed air monitoring program for the 

original six criteria pollutants: TSP, sulfur dioxide, carbon 

monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead and ozone. The SIP is a 

state's master plan for achievement of the NAAQS. The SIP 

contains detailed provisions for reducing concentrations of each 

of the regulated pollutants, where necessary, to achieve and 

maintain the NAAQS. 

In October 1972, Ohio EPA was established by State law (Ohio 

Revised Code Section 3745.01) and the air monitoring program was 

significantly enlarged. Many local air pollution control 

agencies and private industries participated in this program. 

See Figure 1 for the location of the five districts and the nine 

local air agencies currently supporting the air program. 

In 1980, the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA established and designated 

certain portions of Ohio's network to be a part of the National 

Air Monitoring Station (NAMS) network, created for the purpose 

of tracking national trends. In 1980, the US EPA also required 

that all sites produce data of adequate quality to meet 

monitoring objectives and adequate quantity to meet statistical 

and trend requirements. All NAMS sites were to meet these 

requirements beginning with 1981 data, and all other sites 

beginning with 1983 data. 

On March 20, 1984, the U.S. EPA proposed a standard for 

inhaleable particles of ten micrometers in diameter and smaller. 

To enable the states to begin collecting data without excessive 

delay the U.S. EPA provided the states with monitors in late 

1984. Ohio's field offices began collecting PM10 data during 

1985 and a network of sites were primarily located in urban 

areas. The PM10 standard was promulgated on July 1, 1987 and 

became effective on July 31, 1987. 
3

The U.S. EPA promulgated new particulate monitoring regulations 

and National Ambient Air Quality Standards on July 18, 1997. 

The new particulate standard is for particulate matter less than 

or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. The first monitors 

began to collect data in January 1999. Monitors to determine 

the chemical makeup of the particulate were added in the year 

2000 and in 2001 hourly reading monitors were added. 

The one hour ozone standard was supplemented on July 18, 1997 

with an eight hour standard. The eight hour standard is a three 

year average of the fourth highest daily eight hour averages. 

The level of the standard is 0.08 ppm which is not to be 

exceeded.

In 2001 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA’s 

previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and 

further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone 

pursuant to Section 109 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set 

air quality standards at the level that is “requisite”-no higher 

or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an 

adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case 

back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA’s 

subsequent actions. On March 26, 2002, that court upheld U.S. 

EPA’s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in 

the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 14, 

2001.

During 2006, more than 250 ambient air monitors were operated in 

Ohio. Table 2 enumerates the number and type of criteria 

pollutant monitors that were operated in the various Air Quality 

Control Regions. 

The goals of the ambient monitoring program are to determine 

compliance with the ambient air quality standards, to provide 

real-time monitoring of air pollution episodes, to provide data 

for trend analyses, regulation evaluation and planning, and to 

provide information to the public on a daily basis concerning 

the quality of the air in high population areas, near major 

emission sources and in rural areas.
4

C. Remote Ambient Data Systems

The Remote Ambient-Air Data System (RADS) is a system for the 

automatic acquisition and transmission of data from a remote 

monitor to a central computer. Each continuous monitoring site 

operated by Ohio EPA's district offices is furnished with a data 

logger that is polled automatically once a day by the central 

computer in Columbus. 

A major benefit of RADS is that the data can now be handled more 

quickly with fewer chances of error. Formerly the data was 

manually read from recorder strip charts, handwritten on a 

computer input form, keyed into the computer and then made 

available for retrieval. This process took three to four weeks. 

The data in the RADS computer is available for review by the 

district and central office staff on a daily basis. The 

individual sites can also be contacted through the data logger 

for instantaneous data and interrogated further by remote 

testing of zero-span for any parameter. This is particularly 

valuable when pollutant levels are, or may become, elevated, as 

during an air stagnation episode. 

RADS was installed during the fall of 1985 and went into 

operation on January 1, 1986. Local air agencies have automated 

their continuous monitors and Ohio EPA has expanded RADS to 

include the automation of the local air agencies' network. 

Industrial networks will also be added. 

RADS has been upgraded for remote access to the data by digital 

cellular wireless technology to telemeter data to the central 

computer.

D. Data Availability on the Internet

For the past several years Ohio EPA has provided ozone and PM2.5

data updates several times a day to the U.S. EPA for a public 

outreach web site where current data and data forecasts are 

displayed in the form of tables and maps. This web site can be 

viewed at: www.epa.gov/airnow/where/. From this site different 

states can be chosen to view forecasts of ozone and PM2.5 levels 

and to link to animated ozone concentration maps. 

Historical ambient air quality data can also be found at: 
5

www.epa.gov/air/data/. This site is a gateway to maps, reports 

and user selected data that reside in the U.S. EPA’s Air Quality 

System (AQS) database. 

A third data source is at: www.epa.gov/airexplorer. This site, 

still being developed, has interactive maps, graphs and data 

tables. The data include all of the criteria pollutants as well 

as PM2.5 speciation parameters and Air Quality Index (AQI) 

values.

E. Designation of Air Quality Control Regions

The fact that air pollution does not respect state boundaries 

was recognized in early control efforts. To effectively deal 

with pollution and attain the NAAQS, U.S. EPA, with advice from 

local governments and the public, divided the nation into areas 

called Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR's). Boundaries for 

each region were set by consideration of air pollution levels, 

population density, geography, and common meteorological 

conditions. While AQCR's may consist of parts of more than one 

state, each state has the authority to implement air quality 

standards only in its portion of the region. Portions of Ohio 

are included in a total of fourteen different AQCR's, each 

labeled numerically and by geographical description. Figure 2

illustrates the boundaries of Ohio's AQCR's.
TABLE 1 

U.S. EPA & OHIO EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE 

CONCENTRATION

POLLUTANT DURATION RESTRICTION PRIMARY SECONDARY

PM2.5 Annual arithmetic 

mean

24-Hour

concentration

Not to be exceeded 

Three year average 

Not to be exceeded 

Three year average of 98th percentile 

15 g/m3

35 g/m3

15 g/m3

35 g/m3

PM10

24-Hr concentration The Second high concentration not to 

be exceeded more than once per year 

150 g/m3 150 g/m3

SULFUR

DIOXIDE

Annual Mean 

24-Hr mean 

concentration

3-Hr mean 

concentration

Not to be exceeded 

Not to be exceeded more than once per 

year

Not to be exceeded more than once per 

year

0.03 ppm 

(80 g/m3

)

0.14 ppm 

(365 g/m3

)

0.5 ppm 

(1300 g/m3

)

CARBON

MONOXIDE

8-Hr mean 

concentration

1-Hr concentration 

Not to be exceeded more than once per 

year

Not to be exceeded more than once per 

year

9 ppm 

(10 mg/m3

)

35 ppm 

(40 mg/m3

)

OZONE 8-Hr concentration

1-Hr concentration 

Each year’s fourth high averaged over 

three years. Not to be exceeded 

Not to be exceeded more than three 

times in three years 

0.08 ppm 

0.12 ppm 

(244 g/m3

)

0.08 ppm 

0.12 ppm 

(244 g/m3)

NITROGEN

DIOXIDE

Annual mean Not to be exceeded 0.053 ppm 

(100 g/m3

)

LEAD 3-Month mean

concentration

Not to be exceeded 1.5 g/m3

Notes:

Primary standards are established for the protection of public health 

Secondary standards are established for the protection of public welfare 

g/m3

 = micrograms per cubic meter 

ppm = parts per million 

mg/m3

 = milligrams per cubic meter

6
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LOCALAGENCIESWITHIN/HIO%0!DISTRICTS "ROWN






















Seneca

Sandusky

Lucas

Fulton

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina Summit Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Ashland

Wyandot Crawford Richland

Marion Morrow Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey Belmont

Jefferson

Union Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble

Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

Brown

Ashtabula

079 Cincinnati

103 Huntington

124 Toledo

173 Dayton

174 Cleveland

175 Mansfield

176 Columbus

177 Northwest Ohio

178 Northwest Pennsylvania

179 Parkersburg

180 Sandusky

181 Steubenville

182 Wilmington

183 Zanesville

 Figure 2

Air Quality Control Regions in Ohio

177

173

124

079

103

182

176

175

180

174 178

183

181

179


TABLE 2 

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING SITES IN OHIO (2006) 

Local Air 

Agency/

PM2.5 PM10

Sulfur

Dioxide

 SO2

Ozone

 O3

Carbon

Monoxide

 CO 

Nitrogen

Dioxide

 NO2

District Lead Total 

Office

Akron 4 0 2 3 2 0 0 11

Canton 20 0 3 1 0 0 6

Cincinnati

(HC-DOES) 11 5 3 7 1 1 1 29

Cleveland 7 6 4 3 4 2 7 33

Lake Co. 

Health

District 21 2 3 1 0 0 9

WarrenYoungstown

(M-TAPCA)

3 5 1 3 0 0 0 12

Toledo 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 10

Dayton

(RAPCA) 5 2 1 6 2 0 0 16

Portsmouth 2 3/3 3/2 2 0 0 0 10/5

CDO 3 3 1 8 2 0 1 18

NEDO 2 3 2 2 0 0 3 12

NWDO 0 0/8 1 2 0 0 1 4/8

SEDO 3 4 7 2 1 0 3 20

SWDO 0 0 0 1 0 0 1/3 2/3

Sites required by Ohio EPA: Government Operated/Industry Operated 

Totals 47 33/11 29/2 49 14 3 17/3 192/16

9
10

II. Summary of 2006 Air Quality Data 

The following pages, in a series of maps and tables, summarize 

the data presented in Section V of the report. 

Figures 3-13 indicate the highest annual and second highest 

concentrations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, and NO2, respectively, in 

each county where data were collected. Sites not meeting 

National Aerometric Data Bank (NADB)1 requirements were marked 

with asterisks. 

Figure 14 indicates the second highest 1-Hour concentration of 

ozone recorded in each county. 

FIGURE 15 indicates the counties in which the highest reading 

ozone monitor recorded a three year average of fourth highest 

eight hour averages greater than the standard. 

Figure 16 indicates the three year average of the 4th high 8-Hour 

averages of ozone. The highest reading site was used. 

Figure 17 indicates the highest three-month average 

concentration of lead in each county where data were collected. 

Table 3 gives a breakdown of air quality standard violations by 

county.

A more detailed presentation of air quality data can be found in 

Section V of the report. 

1

The NADB averaging criteria for PM10 and PM2.5 monitors requires 

that at least seventy-five percent of scheduled samples are 

collected each quarter. Many intermittent monitors in Ohio run 

on a six-day sampling schedule (one daily reading every six 

days) yielding up to sixty-one samples per year. To meet NADB 

averaging criteria for continuous (hourly) monitors, a monitor 

must have valid data for at least seventy-five percent of each 

calendar quarter, approximately 1655 hours. For a valid ozone 

monitoring day (1-Hr standard), the monitor must collect at 

least seventy-five percent of the hours between 9am and 9pm. 
Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

!LLEN

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wyandot Crawford Ashland Wayne Richland

Marion

Morrow Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

0-

&IGURE

0-(IGHEST!NNUAL-EAN#ONCENTRATION

INCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM	








































Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

!LLEN

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

0-

&IGURE

0-ND(IGH
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREHASBEEN

ANEXCEEDANCEOFTHE.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE	

























 














Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

0-

&IGURE

0-(IGHEST!NNUAL#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHETHREEYEAR

AVERAGEOFANNUALAVERAGES

WASAVIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE	









 











 


















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

0-

&IGURE

0-TH0ERCENTILE
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINUGM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

UGM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHETHREEYEAR

AVERAGEOFTHPERCENTILEVALUES

HAVEEXCEEDEDTHE.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE	













  



 






















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

0-

&IGURE


!VERAGEOF!NNUAL!VERAGES

(IGHEST3ITEINTHE#OUNTYUSED

0-,EVELS

'REATERTHANUGM


UGM

LESSTHANUGM


Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/(IGHEST!NNUAL!RITHMETIC-EAN#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY

.ATIONAL!MBIENT!IR1UALITY

3TANDARD4ABLE	





 





 





 




















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/ND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!IR1UALITY3TANDARD4ABLE	







 







 















 






Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

3ULFUR$IOXIDE

&IGURE

3/ND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

3ECONDARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHE3ECONDARY.ATIONAL

!IR1UALITY3TANDARD4ABLE	












































Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

#ARBON-ONOXIDE

&IGURE

#ARBON-ONOXIDEND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE	


















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

#ARBON-ONOXIDE

&IGURE

#ARBON-ONOXIDEND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATON

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE	


















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

.ITROGEN$IOXIDE

&IGURE

./(IGHEST!NNUAL!RITHMETIC-EAN#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

0RIMARY3TANDARD

PPM

#OUNTIESINWHICHTHEREWASA

VIOLATIONOFTHEPRIMARY.ATIONAL

!MBIENT!IR1UALITY3TANDARD

4ABLE	






Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

/ZONE

&IGURE

/ZONEND(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	





















 











 

 



 


















Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

#LARK

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

/ZONE

&IGURE

/ZONETH(IGHEST
(OUR#ONCENTRATION

)NCOUNTIESWHEREDATAWERECOLLECTED
VALUESINPPM	

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Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

/ZONE

&IGURE


!VERAGEOFTHE&OURTH(IGH
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Seneca

Sandusky

Fulton Lucas

Henry

Williams

Defiance

Paulding

Van Wert

Mercer

Darke

Preble

Butler Warren

Putnam

Allen

Auglaize

Shelby

Miami

Montgomery

Greene

Clark

Champaign

Logan

Hardin

Hancock

Wood

Ottawa

Erie

Huron

Lorain

Medina

Summit

Portage

Cuyahoga

Geauga

Lake

Ashtabula

Trumbull

Mahoning

Columbiana

Stark

Carroll

Tuscarawas

Wayne Wyandot Ashland Crawford Richland

Marion

Morrow

Holmes

Harrison

Knox

Coshocton

Guernsey

Belmont

Jefferson

Union

Delaware

Licking

Franklin

Fairfield

Pickaway

Madison

Clinton

Fayette

Ross

Hocking

Perry

Morgan

Vinton

Athens

Muskingum

Noble Monroe

Washington

Meigs

Jackson

Scioto

Lawrence

Pike

Highland

Brown Adams

Hamilton

Clermont

Gallia

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26

TABLE 3 

VIOLATIONS OF AIR QUALITY STANDARDS BY COUNTY 

2006

There were no violations of the PM10, NO2, SO2, Lead or CO 

standards

----------------------------------------------------------------

_PM PM OZONE (8-Hour) 2.5 2.5

2004-2006 2004-2006 (2004-2006) 

Annual 24-Hour 

----------------------------------------------------------------

Butler

Cuyahoga

Hamilton

Jefferson

Montgomery

Stark

Butler

Cuyahoga

Franklin

Hamilton

Jefferson

Lucas

Mahoning

Montgomery

Stark

Summit

Trumbull

Ashtabula

Lake

Warren
27

III. Air Quality Trends 

Federal regulations promulgated in 1980 established a number of 

urban sites in Ohio as part of a national network for 

determining trends of the criteria pollutants. This network, 

called National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), requires the 

exclusion (for purposes of trend studies only) of those urban 

sites not designated as NAMS. This requirement permits a more 

accurate comparison of trends in different areas of the nation. 

The NAMS group was easily integrated into Ohio's monitoring 

system starting with the 1980 data. 

SO2 TRENDS

Data for SO2 continuous instruments in urban areas which met the 

NAMS siting requirements were used to generate an Ohio SO2 trend 

study for years 1997 through 2006. The resulting data, based on 

annual average SO2 concentrations, are plotted in Figure 18.

Percent improvement is calculated using values derived from the 

method of "least squares". 

Table 4 

SO2 TRENDS FOR 1997-2006 

________________________________________________________________

SITE CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT 

________________________________________________________________

Urban Area NAMS 23.6%
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29

Ozone Trends

Assessing progress towards the attainment of the ozone air 

quality standards is difficult because of the influence of 

meteorology on ozone levels. Differences in weather conditions 

can cause variations from year to year in both the NAAQS 

exceedances and the second highest 1-Hour ozone levels. 

High temperatures, brilliant sunshine and stagnant air 

contribute to high levels of evaporation from fuel storage 

tanks, fuel systems and auto refueling activities emitted by 

millions of cars and trucks. Also daily emissions of nitrogen 

oxides and hydrocarbons by millions of cars and trucks are a 

major contributor to low level ozone pollution during these 

atmospheric conditions. In the presence of sunlight, 

hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides create high levels of groundlevel ozone. 

One Hour Data: 

Information is presented from eight metropolitan areas in Ohio 

for the period of 1997 through 2006. Figure 19 is a bar chart 

which shows, for each year, the second highest 1-Hour average. 

In an area where ozone is monitored at several sites, the site 

with the highest second high for each year was used which may be 

a different site from year to year. 

Eight Hour Standard: 

Eight metropolitan areas are presented with the three year 

average of the 4th highest 8-Hour daily ozone averages for the 

years 1997 through 2006. The year listed is the last year of 

the three year period. Figure 20 is a bar chart with those 

concentrations. The ambient air quality standard is a three 

year average of the fourth high 8-Hour averages, that 

concentration must be less than or equal to 0.08 parts per 

million (84 parts per billion) for an area to be in compliance 

with the standard. The monitor with the highest 4th high in each 

three year period was used, not necessarily the same monitor for 

all years. 

The three year averages for each site in Ohio are listed in the 

ozone portion of Section V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2006. 
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32

CO Trends

The data base for carbon monoxide (CO) is less extensive than 

for sulfur dioxide or ozone. A comparative plot of changes in 

CO in past years for ten major Ohio cities is presented. One 

central-city monitor in each urban area was selected to yield 

data for a study of 8-hour average CO concentrations. Data for 

the years 1997-2006 are used in the graphs. See Figure 21 for 

the results of this study. 
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&IGURECONTINUED	
37

IV. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM 

A. GENERAL

In 1981, Ohio established a quality assurance program to detect, 

evaluate and correct problems in acquiring valid data. This 

program, which follows the requirements of Appendix A of 40 CFR 

Part 58, stresses control and assessment of errors in the 

monitoring process. 

Control requirements are met by implementing quality control 

policies, procedures, and corrective actions. Assessment 

requirements are met by measuring, calculating and reporting the 

accuracy and precision of the data. 

Quality control starts with the instruments in the network and 

the organizations which run them. A determination of the 

precision and accuracy of the instruments is the means by which 

this is done. 

Precision and accuracy measurements are made on all NAMS and 

SLAMS instruments operated by a local air agency (LAA) or 

district office (DO). Individual precision and accuracy values 

are then determined for each LAA or DO and for each pollutant 

being monitored. 

B. Discussion of Accuracy and Precision Procedures

Accuracy requirements for TSP, PM10 and Lead samplers include 

quarterly audits of the flow rate of 25% of the monitoring sites 

against a known flow rate. Each sampler is audited at least 

once per year. For SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, quarterly audits of at 

least 25% of the analyzers are done. During the audits the 

analyzers are tested with a gas in three specific concentration 

ranges. Accuracy for PM2.5 is determined by collocating samplers 

at 25% of the sites each calendar quarter. 

Precision requirements for TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and Lead are met by 

selecting two sites in an area of expected highest concentration 

for side-by-side (collocation) sampling. The determination for 

SO2, NO2, O3, and CO includes a one point precision check against 

a gas of known concentration at least once every two weeks for 

each automated analyzer. The analyzers are operated in the 

normal sampling mode during this check. 

A series of calculations is performed to determine the precision 

and accuracy of each analyzer and reporting organization. 

Precision values are calculated from the results of individual 

precision checks, and accuracy estimates are calculated from the 

results of individual audits. Both precision results and 
38

accuracy results are reported at the end of the calendar 

quarter.

The precision of the reporting organization is determined from 

the average of the percentage differences between monitors, the 

pooled standard deviation and the 95% probability limits. The 

accuracy of the reporting organization is determined from the 

average of percentage differences, the standard deviation and 

the 95% probability limits. 

C. The Statistics of Accuracy and Precision

Precision is a determination of the repeatability of a 

measurement. For intermittent samplers this is measured with 

replicate monitors. For continuous monitors it is measured by 

challenging the monitor with a known concentration of gas. This 

concentration is in the range of 0.08-0.10ppm for all monitored 

pollutants except carbon monoxide (CO), which has a precision 

concentration range of 8-10ppm. Precision is reported as a 

percent error in the data reported from the monitor. The 

precision is reported as a range with a lower (LO) and upper 

(UP) probability limit. The probability limits have a 95% 

confidence interval, i.e., the true value of the data will be in 

the stated probability limit range 95% of the time. 

Accuracy is the amount of variation that can be determined 

between the normal operator with his monitor and an independent 

auditor using completely independent instrumentation. Accuracy 

for continuous monitors measured at three different levels or 

concentration ranges: 

 Level 1 0.030 to 0.080ppm 

 Carbon Monoxide 3 to 8ppm 

 Level 2 0.150 to 0.200ppm 

 Carbon Monoxide 15 to 20ppm 

 Level 3 0.350 to 0.450ppm 

 Carbon Monoxide 35 to 45ppm 

Accuracy is reported as a percent error in the data reported 

from the monitor in each of the calibration ranges. The 

probability limits have a 95% confidence interval. The 

interpretation of the confidence intervals is the same as that 

for precision as stated above. 

Tables 5-10 give the probability limits for accuracy and 

precision for each reporting organization in the state, for each 

criteria pollutant being measured except lead. 
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V. AIR QUALITY DATA 2006 
Blank Page 46 
47

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

Total suspended particulate matter is defined as any liquid 

(aerosol) or solid substance found in the atmosphere. Particles 

larger than approximately 100 microns in diameter settle rapidly 

due to gravity and are not considered suspended particulates. 

Fly ash, process dusts, soot and oil aerosols are all common 

forms of suspended particulate matter. The major sources of 

particulate pollution are industrial processes, electric power 

generation, industrial fuel combustion, and dust from plowed 

fields, roadways, or construction sites. Particulate pollution 

causes a wide range of damage to materials, as well as limiting 

visibility and reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the 

earth. Components of particulates may be harmful, such as 

sulfates, nitrates and metals. The major adverse health effects 

on humans are related to damage to the respiratory system 

through interference with the lung's natural cleansing process. 

Such adverse health effects are dependent, in a general sense, 

upon (1) the concentration, size and chemical composition of the 

particles of which the TSP consists and (2) the concentration 

and composition of any pollutant gases in combination with it. 

Particles greater than 10 microns in diameter can rarely 

penetrate below the larynx and, therefore, are less likely to 

damage the respiratory system. Particles less than 6 microns in 

diameter can penetrate the bronchial passage and those of less 

than 1 micron in diameter can usually penetrate and be deposited 

in the capillaries and alveoli of the lungs. (I.M. Campbell, 

Energy and the Atmosphere: A Physical Chemical Approach, John 

Wiley & Sons, LTD., 1977). 

An inhaled particle may exert a toxic effect in one or more of 

the following four ways: (1) the particle may be intrinsically 

toxic because of its inherent chemical or physical 

characteristics; (2) the particle may interfere with one or more 

of the mechanisms that normally clear the respiratory track; (3) 

the particle may act as a carrier of an absorbed toxic 

substance; or (4) the particle may act as a carrier of an 

absorbent toxic substance. 

It is difficult to obtain direct relationships between exposures 

to various concentrations of TSP and resulting effects upon 

human health because of the problems of isolating the effects of 

TSP from those of other environmental pollutants and of 
48

reproducing in the laboratory the exact conditions that prevail 

in the ambient air. Also, it has been observed that exposure to 

TSP in combination with other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide 

(SO2) produces more severe effects than does exposure to each 

pollutant separately. Nevertheless, statistical analyses of 

morbidity and mortality data do indicate a relationship between 

increased TSP concentrations and increased numbers of hospital 

and clinic admissions for upper respiratory infections, cardiac 

diseases, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, emphysema and the like. 

(Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control, Harper & Row, 1976.)

TSP ceased to be a criteria pollutant on August 1, 1987, having 

been replaced by PM10.

Since 1987 TSP sampling has been gradually replaced by ten 

micron particulate sampling (PM10). There were over 200 TSP 

monitors in 1987. In 2006 there were 10 monitors reporting TSP 

data, all are used for lead or other metals monitoring. In July 

1997 the U.S. EPA promulgated regulations adding a National 

Ambient Air Quality Standard for 2.5 micron particulate matter 

(PM2.5). The PM2.5 monitors supplement and partially replace the 

PM10 network. They started collecting data in January 1999. 

Sampling Method

TSP is measured by the high-volume air sampler method. This 

instrument draws measured volumes of air through a pre-weighed 

glass fiber or quartz filter for a specific time (normally 24 

hours). Particulate matter in the air is trapped on the filter, 

which is then re-weighed to determine the mass of the 

particulates collected. Results are reported as micrograms of 

particulate matter per cubic meter of air (g/m3

). Normal 

sampling is done intermittently with 24-hour samples taken once 

every six days. 
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50

Particulate Matter (<10, PM10)

On July 1, 1987, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. 

The primary standard includes only those particles with an 

aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal 10 

micrometers. This standard is referred to as the PM10 standard 

(particulate matter <10 micrometers). From July 1987 until July 

18, 1997 the annual standard was 50 g/m3

 annual arithmetic mean 

(average over three years' data). The 24-hour standard, not to 

be exceeded more than once, was 150 g/m3

. Now the standard is 

that the 24-hour level of 150 g/m3

 is not to be exceeded as the 

99th percentile value averaged over three years.

The annual standard was retained until the changes to the 

particulate standards that became effective on December 18, 2006 

when the 24-Hour standard was retained and the annual standard 

was revoked. 

The standards were changed in July 1997, when the PM2.5 standard 

was promulgated. Changing the standard from TSP to PM10 and then 

adding PM2.5 was due to research findings concerning particle 

size. Particulate matter can harm body tissue such as the 

linings of the nose and throat and the lungs by simple 

mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and sneezing are the body's 

natural defenses against some of the relatively large particles 

(15-100 microns). However, small particles can slip past these 

defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs where they can damage 

lung tissues. 

Because of the final action to set the fine particulate 

standards by U.S. EPA to replace TSP, the Ohio Air Monitoring 

Network was expanded to include 21 PM10 sites in 1986, to 45 in 

1988 and to a high of 91 in 1997. During the year 2006 monitors 

were operated at 44 sites. 

Samples are taken each weekday at urban sites used in reporting 

the Air Quality Index (AQI). 
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54

Particulate Matter <2.5(PM2.5)

On July 18, 1997, the U.S. EPA promulgated revisions to the 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. 

The primary standard includes only those particles with an 

aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to a nominal 2.5 

micrometers. This new standard is referred to as the PM2.5

standard (particulate matter <2.5 micrometers). 

The annual standard is 15g/m3

 annual arithmetic mean (average 

over three consecutive years' data). The 24-hour standard is 

met when the 98th percentile concentration averaged over three 

consecutive years, is less than or equal to 35g/m3

.

The 24-Hour standard was changed from 65g/m3 to 35g/m3

effective in December 2006. 

This revision to the particulate matter program is due to 

research findings concerning particle size. Particulate matter 

can harm body tissue such as the linings of the nose and throat 

and the lungs by simple mechanical irritation. Nasal hairs and 

sneezing are the body's natural defenses against some of the 

relatively large particles (15-100 microns). However, small 

particles can slip past these defenses and penetrate deep into 

the lungs where they can damage lung tissues. 

Because of the final action to set the fine particulate 

standards by U.S. EPA to supplement PM2.5, the Ohio Air 

Monitoring Network was expanded to include 49 PM2.5 sites in 

2006. Those 49 sites have a total of 86 monitors reporting 

data. There are 13 continuous monitors and 14 speciation 

monitors in addition to the 47 Federal Reference monitors. 

The Federal Reference Monitors are used to determine compliance 

with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the speciation 

monitors are used for analysis to determine the composition of 

the particulate and the continuous monitors are primarily used 

for the Air Quality Index and for “real time” reporting of 

particulate data to the public. 

Since the continuous and speciation analysis monitors are not 

Federal Reference Methods those data are not used to determine 

compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 
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62

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas formed through the combination 

of sulfur and oxygen during combustion. The major sources of SO2

are the burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels (mainly coal), 

with lesser amounts caused by industrial processes such as 

smelting. Over 40% of the SO2 found in the ambient air is the 

result of human activities. 

The control of SO2 emissions from these sources is accomplished 

primarily by burning coal or oil with a relatively low sulfur 

content. Newer boilers may be equipped with flue gas 

desulfurization (FGD) systems that use a caustic solution to 

scrub SO2 from the exhaust gas stream. 

Sulfur dioxide is harmful because it can be converted to 

sulfuric acid (H2SO4) when it comes in contact with moisture, 

either in the atmosphere, on plants, materials, or in the lungs. 

The presence of increased levels of SO2 in the atmosphere has 

been associated with a higher incidence of respiratory diseases, 

higher death rates, and property damage. 

Sampling Methods

Sulfur dioxide is measured continuously by instruments using 

flame photometric detectors or pulsed fluorescent techniques.

Flame photometric analyzers draw ambient air through selective 

scrubbers that remove all sulfur compounds except SO2. The 

sample is then burned in a hydrogen flame, and a photodetector 

senses the number of sulfur atoms present. 

Fluorescent analyzers irradiate an ambient air sample with 

ultraviolet light. Sulfur dioxide gas molecules absorb a 

portion of this energy, then re-emit the energy at a 

characteristic wavelength of light. This light energy emitted 

by SO2 molecules is sensed by a photomultiplier tube and 

converted to an electronic signal proportional to the 

concentration of SO2 present. 

All concentrations for SO2 are given in parts per million (ppm). 

Reports for 1995 and earlier used the units 'micrograms per 

cubic meter’ (g/m3

) to report data. The primary units to report 

data were changed by U.S. EPA in May of 1996. 
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65

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic gas formed in high temperature 

combustion processes, when nitrogen in the air is oxidized to 

nitric oxide (NO) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The major sources 

of NO2 are high temperature fuel combustion, motor vehicles, and 

certain chemical processes. 

Nitrogen dioxide has been associated with a variety of 

respiratory diseases through its ability to reduce cell immunity 

or resistance to bacteria and viruses. Nitrogen dioxide is also 

harmful due to its involvement in the production of 

photochemical oxidants such as ozone (O3).

Sampling Methods

Continuous monitoring of nitrogen dioxide is based on a 

chemiluminescent reaction between NO and O3. When these two 

gases react, light energy at a specific wavelength is produced. 

In the monitor, ambient air is drawn along two paths. In the 

first path, the air is reacted directly with ozone, and the 

light energy produced is proportional to the amount of nitric 

oxide in the air. In the second path, the air is reacted with 

ozone after it passes through a catalytic reduction surface. 

The reduction surface converts NO2 to NO and the light energy 

produced is a measure of the total oxides of nitrogen in the air 

sample. The electronic difference of these two signals yields 

the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. 

All concentrations for NO2 are given in parts per million (ppm). 
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67

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, is the most 

abundant and widely distributed pollutant found in the lower 

atmosphere. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of 

carbon containing fuels, primarily in the internal combustion 

engine. About 95 to 98% of urban carbon monoxide comes from 

manmade sources, with transportation vehicles ranking as the 

largest source. 

The main effect of CO on human health involves its tendency to 

reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood by binding 

chemically to hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen to 

the cells. This may lead to short-term impairment of mental 

processes. Exposure to concentrations as low as 10-15 ppm for 

several hours has affected time interval discrimination in test 

subjects, while exposures of 31 ppm under similar conditions 

have temporarily altered the function of the brain. 

Sampling Method

Carbon monoxide is monitored continuously by analyzers that 

operate on the infrared absorption principle. Ambient air is 

drawn into a sample chamber and a beam of infrared light is 

passed through it. CO absorbs infrared radiation, and any 

decrease in the intensity of the beam is due to the presence of 

CO molecules. This decrease is directly related to the 

concentration of CO in the ambient air. A special detector 

measures the difference in the radiation between this beam and a 

duplicate beam passing through a reference chamber with no CO 

present. This difference in intensity is electronically 

translated into a reading of the CO present in the ambient air, 

measured in parts per million. 
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69

Ozone (O3)

Ozone differs from other pollutants in that it is not directly 

emitted into the atmosphere from sources. Rather, it is created 

photochemically in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of 

volatile organic compounds and oxides of nitrogen in the 

presence of sunlight. For this reason, it is referred to as a 

secondary pollutant. Ozone is the predominant oxidant component 

of photochemical smog. 

In urban areas, emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile 

organic compounds lead to the formation of ozone and other 

photochemical oxidants in the lower atmosphere. Nitrogen 

oxides, important in triggering the sequence of photochemical 

reactions, are emitted primarily from combustion sources such as 

the internal combustion engine, electric power generation units, 

and gas and oil-fired space heaters. Volatile organic 

compounds, important in sustaining the reactions, are emitted in 

the exhausts of gasoline, diesel and jet engines, through the 

evaporation of gasoline and solvents such as dry-cleaning 

fluids, and from industrial and non-industrial surface coating 

operations such as paint booths, from open burning, and other 

combustion sources. 

Although ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, where it 

screens out ultraviolet rays from the sun, it is harmful in the 

lower atmosphere. Due to the role of temperature and sunlight 

in its formation, the largest concentrations occur during the 

summer months. Ozone irritates mucous membranes of the nose and 

throat, causes eye irritation, reduces resistance to respiratory 

infections, damages plants and contributes to the deterioration 

of materials. Individuals with asthma or disease of the heart 

or circulatory system experience symptoms when concentrations 

are above the air quality standards. 

The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone was changed 

on July 18, 1997. The standard was a one hour average of 0.12 

ppm (see Table 1) with the number of exceedances of that 

standard totaled. More than three exceedances at a single site 

in a three year period was a violation of the standard. The one 

hour standard was revoked in 2006. 

The current standard is a three year average of the fourth 

highest eight hour averages at each monitoring site. If that 
70

three year average is greater than 0.08 ppm (85 ppb or greater) 

a violation of the standard has occurred. The first three year 

period to be covered by the new standard was 1997 through 1999. 

In 2001 The United States Supreme Court found U.S. EPA’s 

previously proposed implementation plan for ozone unlawful and 

further held that, in the setting of a standard for ozone 

pursuant to Section 109 of the Clean Air Act U.S. EPA must set 

air quality standards at the level that is “requisite”-no higher 

or lower than is necessary-to protect the public health with an 

adequate margin of safety. The Supreme Court then sent the case 

back to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to review U.S. EPA’s 

subsequent actions. On March 26, 2002, that court upheld U.S. 

EPA’s revision of the ozone NAAQS, which had been published in 

the Federal Register by U.S. EPA as a proposal on November 14, 

2001.

This report contains a printout of the one hour data and eight 

hour average data, as in previous reports, and printouts of the 

three year average of the fourth high eight hour averages 

calculated for each site in Ohio for the years 2004 through 2006 

and the four highest eight hour averages during 2006. A three 

year average was not calculated if one or more years had 

insufficient data. 

Sampling Methods

Ozone is monitored continuously using analyzers that operate on 

ultraviolet absorption techniques. 

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light. Analyzers designed to measure 

ozone by ultraviolet photometry use this property. An air 

sample is drawn into the analyzer and irradiated with an 

ultraviolet light of 253.7 nanometers wavelength. The amount of 

light absorbed is related to the amount of ozone present. This 

is the type of monitor used by Ohio EPA and our Local Air 

Agencies.

All concentrations for ozone are given in parts per million 

(ppm).
71

On the following pages are tables of ozone sites with the: 

Highest through fourth highest 1-Hour ozone values 

Highest through fourth highest 8-Hour ozone values 

Three year average of fourth highest 8-Hour ozone 

values (see NAAQS TABLE 1) 

First day in each year from 1992 that recorded an 

exceedance of the 1-Hour or 8-Hour standard with the 

number of sites and the total number of exceedances 

Last day in the year upon which an exceedance of the 

1-Hour or 8-Hour standard occurred with the number of 

sites and values listed 
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Count of Ozone Exceedances in Each Year 

And the Date Upon Which the First Occurred 

Year 1-Hr Data 8-Hr Data 

 Date Exceedances/Sites Date Exceedances/Sites 

1992 30 June 4/43 11 May 115/43 

1993 17 June 9/44 1 May 220/44 

1994 16 June 13/45 22 May 272/45 

1995 19 June 15/45 6 June 381/45 

1996 28 June 5/45 1 June 331/45 

1997 24 June 5/50 24 May 222/50 

1998 13 May 15/49 13 May 478/49 

1999 30 May 14/50 4 May 461/50 

2000 9 June 1/48 31 May 135/48 

2001 14 June 2/50 3 May 250/50 

2002 20 June 22/50 8 June 801/50 

2003 23 June 22/50 16 April 204/50 

2004 None 0/50 12 May 25/50 

2005 8 June 5/49 19 April 192/49 

2006 None 0/49 29 May 39/49
81

Last Ozone Exceedance Dates 

1982-2006

One Hour Standard 

 Year Date Sites Maximum Value 

 1982 9/12 1 125 ppb 

 1983 9/09 1 170 

 1984 9/21 1 135 

 1985 9/22 1 127 

 1986 9/14 1 127 

 1987 9/29 1 125 

 1988 8/18 3 159 

 1989 8/14 1 129 

 1990 8/27 2 155 

 1991 8/29 1 125 

 1992 7/09 1 218 

 1993 8/27 1 137 

 1994 8/25 1 153 

 1995 8/26 1 125 

 1996 8/04 1 131 

 1997 8/01 1 125 

 1998 9/14 2 139 

 1999 7/30 1 130 

 2000 6/09 1 126 

 2001 8/06 1 125 

 2002 9/07 1 127 

 2003 6/25 4 136 

 2004 none 0 107 

 2005 8/02 1 161 

 2006 none 0 112 
82

Last Ozone Exceedance Dates 

1982-2006

Eight Hour Standard 

 Year Date Sites Maximum Value 

 1982 10/05 2 87 ppb 

 1983 10/03 1 88 

 1984 9/22 5 92 

 1985 9/22 2 108 

 1986 9/14 1 87 

 1987 9/29 1 87 

 1988 8/18 8 127 

 1989 9/13 1 93 

 1990 9/07 1 87 

 1991 9/08 5 91 

 1992 9/17 2 89 

 1993 8/30 8 100 

 1994 9/14 2 88 

 1995 9/06 1 86 

 1996 9/02 2 89 

 1997 9/02 3 92 

 1998 9/26 1 89 

 1999 9/26 17 97 

 2000 8/15 3 92 

 2001 9/13 1 85 

 2002 9/13 1 87 

 2003 8/26 5 96 

 2004 9/23 2 90 

 2005 9/13 2 97 

 2006 8/25 2 92
83

Lead

Airborne lead in urban areas was once primarily caused by 

vehicles using leaded fuels. Sources of airborne lead now 

include lead smelting facilities, lead-acid storage battery 

manufacturing plants and other manufacturing operations. 

In the period 1978-1991 lead concentrations at traffic oriented 

sites dropped by over 90%, reflecting the removal of lead from 

gasoline. In March of 1999 the U.S. EPA promulgated new rules 

for lead monitoring that eliminated the requirement for traffic 

oriented sites and emphasizes monitoring at industrial sources. 

We discontinued monitoring at traffic oriented sites after the 

first calendar quarter of 1999. 

Lead is a stable compound that can accumulate in the human body. 

Its health related effects include interference with the blood 

forming process and the normal functions of nervous and renal 

systems. Young children are the age group most susceptible to 

the adverse effects of lead. 

Sampling Method

Lead concentrations in ambient air are determined by the 

reference method promulgated by US EPA. The lead sample is 

collected on a filter using a high-volume air sampler and the 

TSP method. In this method, two 3⁄4"×8" portions of the TSP 

filter are washed with hot, dilute nitric acid. The lead 

compounds are dissolved into the acid solution. The solution is 

then analyzed by the atomic absorption technique to determine 

the amount of lead. 

Normally a month's collection of filters is analyzed as a 

composite sample. Most sites collect so little lead that 

individual sampling days would have lead levels below the 

detection limit of available methods. 

Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter of air 

(g/m3

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Blank Page 86 
VI. Air Toxics Monitoring 2006
Blank Page 88 
89

AIR TOXICS MONITORING

INTRODUCTION

Over the last several years, Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control 

(DAPC) has made a substantial effort to develop and implement a State-wide 

Air Toxics Monitoring Program (ATMP). These efforts were modeled after 

programs and methodologies recommended by U.S. EPA. The emphasis has been on 

urban toxics monitoring for volatile organic compounds and heavy metals. 

Brief sections describing the sampling and analytical procedures for the 

pollutants follow the introduction.

1.) Main focus of the ATMP is on urban monitoring, looking for major risk 

areas where people live. In this effort sampling has concentrated on groups 

of compounds. 

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), examples:

 benzene, chloroform, styrene, toluene etc. 

Heavy metals, examples: 

 arsenic, cadmium, manganese 

The majority of the sampling has been conducted at semi-permanent monitoring 

sites where monitoring extends beyond a 4 month period. Projects at these 

types of sites have been dedicated to VOCs and heavy metals. See the list 

following the description of the volatile organic analysis method for the VOC 

target compounds. The list of target metals is included in the metals 

description section. 

Semi-permanent monitoring projects have been conducted in:

 Cleveland - VOC - Urban, Metals - Urban 

 Cincinnati - VOC - Urban, 

 Middletown - VOC - Source, Metals - Source 

 New Boston - VOC-Source, Metals - Urban 

 Columbus - Metals - Urban, VOC - Urban 

 Marietta - VOC - Urban, Metals - Source 

 Delta - Metals - Source 

 East Liverpool - Metals - Source 

 Steubenville - VOC - Urban 

 Marion - Metals - Urban 

 Bellefontaine - Metals - Urban 

 Elmore - Metals - Urban 

2.) Throughout 2006 DAPC has worked to expand sampling at semi-permanent 

sites with an emphasis on smaller urban areas. Future sampling projects will 

involve additional sampling locations or reallocation of current resources to 

other locations. Expanded air toxics sampling will involve adding other 

parameters to existing sites. DAPC air toxics sampling efforts will also 

include more efficient use of short term sampling. 
90

In the past sampling efforts have included:

Cross Media pollution monitoring Urban air toxics 

Great Lakes deposition monitoring Source monitoring 

Emissions verification Complaint investigation 

Emergency Episode Monitoring Post Remediation Monitoring 

During 2006 DAPC was involved in several minor monitoring projects throughout 

the state, however due to the emphasis on the expansion of the semi-permanent 

effort these short term and grab sampling projects were limited in scope and 

are not included in the data summaries for this year. 

The sampling and analytical methods for VOCs and heavy metals are described 

below.

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

SAMPLING

A major component of the Air Toxics Monitoring Program is ambient sampling 

for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are compounds that are 

generally found in the vapor state. Some organic compounds can be 

chlorinated, (contain chlorine) or just hydrocarbons, (contain just hydrogen 

and carbon atoms). Most of the VOC samples were collected using a whole air 

sampling system that pumped ambient air into a stainless steel canister. The 

canister, which is evacuated prior to use, is a storage container which 

allows an air sample to be maintained virtually unchanged until it is 

analyzed. In addition to the pumped sampling method, a number of samples 

were collected using the vacuum of the canister to draw in an air sample. 

These, vacuum-filled “grab” samples usually take only a few minutes to 

collect and were useful for collecting transient odors or potentially high 

concentration samples. DAPC is now capable of collecting specific samples 

for 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours using this grab sampling method.

Initially samples were collected sporadically, however as semi-permanent 

sites were established the sampling program has become more routine. With 

that, an attempt has been made to collect samples at least twice a month, 

with a sampling frequency consistent with the national air toxics monitoring 

schedule of once every 12th day, over a 24 hour period. The specific 

procedures for this type of sampling can be found in the U.S. EPA Compendium 

of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compound in Ambient Air in 

the section TO-14

ANALYSIS

The volatile tendency of VOCs allows them to be vaporized when heated, (if 

not already in that form) and to be injected into an analytical device called 

a gas chromatograph (GC). As a sample passes through a GC column, the 

various compounds separate out of the sample mixture. As the individual 

compounds exit the column, a detector records a response. That response is 

illustrated on a chromatogram as a peak. The area of each peak indicates the 

concentration of the compound. Compound identification is accomplished by 

comparing the retention time of the peaks on a chromatogram with those from a 

chromatogram of a known mixture of compounds. Retention time is the time it 

takes for a particular compound to reach the detector. As long as the 

analytical conditions remain the same, a compound from one analysis to the 
91

next will have the same retention time. 

The typical analytical system used for this study utilized a GC with a 

special detector called a mass spectrometer (MS). The combination, a GC/MS, 

can be used to analyze a sample by separating it into its individual 

components which are then broken down into mass fragments which form a 

fingerprint by which a compound can be identified.

All of DAPC air toxics sampling canister analyses were conducted at the Ohio 

EPA Division of Environmental Services (DES). The analytical procedures 

performed by the laboratory targeted an expanded list of 71 VOCs for 

identification and quantifying. The following list includes the current 71 

parameters of the analytical target compounds list.
92

Table 11. 

 DES VOC Target Compound List for TO-14A 

Analysis

1 acetone 37 trans-1,3-dichloropropene

2 acetonitrile 38 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

3 acrylonitrile 39 n-dodecane

4 benzene 40 ethylbenzene

5 benzyl chloride 41 4-ethyltoluene

6 bromodichloromethane 42 n-heptane

7 bromoform 43 hexachlorobutadiene

8 bromomethane 44 hexane

9 1,3-butadiene 45 methyl-butyl ether

10 n-butane 46 methylene chloride 

11 2-butanone 47 4-methyl-2-pentanone

12 carbon disulfide 48 a-methylstyrene

13 carbon tetrachloride 49 napthalene

14 chlorobenzene 50 n-nonane

15 chlorodifluoromethane 51 n-octane

16 chloroethane 52 n-pentane

17 chloroform 53 propylene

18 chloromethane 54 n-propyl benzene

19 3-chloropropene 55 styrene

20 cumene 56 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane

21 cyclohexane 57 tetrachloroethylene

22 decane 58 toluene

23 dibromochloromethane 59 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

24 1,2-dibromoethane 60 1,1,1-trichloroethane

25 dibromomethane 61 1,1,2-trichloroethane

26 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ortho) 62 trichloroethene

27 1,3-dichlorobenzene (meta) 63 trichlorofluoromethane

28 1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 64 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

29 dichlorodifluoromethane 65 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

30 1,1-dichloroethane 66 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

31 1,2-dichloroethane 67 n-undecane

32 1,1-dichloroethene 68 vinyl acetate

33 cis-1,2-dichloroethene 69 vinyl chloride

34 trans-1,2-dichloroethene 70 o-xylene

35 1,2-dichloropropane 71 total m+p-xylene

36 cis-1,3-dichloropropene
93

Beyond this list of compounds, additional compounds can be detected and 

tentatively identified during the analysis of VOC samples. If during the 

analysis, an unidentified compound of significant quantity, (greater than 0.2 

ppb) exist in a sample it can be identified during the MS analysis. However, 

due to the uncertainty involved with the identification of these compounds 

and the vast number of these non-target compounds detected they are not 

included in this report.

As new technologies, techniques are developed and methods improved, it is 

expected that the target compounds list will be periodically modified. It is 

also expected that the list will change as the U.S. EPA emphasis on air 

toxics compounds changes. The following tables summarize the data from the 

canister samples collected during 2006. Throughout 2006 over 200, 24-hour 

samples were collected. During 2006 there were 7 permanent VOC monitoring 

sites operating. 

SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION 

AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE

39-017-0003 Middletown Butler Verity school 1900 St. John’s 

Rd

A

Cincinnati Hamilton 10100 Reading Rd. B

39-035-0038 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikon Ave C

39-035-0068 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway Ave D

39-035-0069 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave E

39-035-0071 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2900 Community College Ave F

39-049-0034 Columbus Franklin Korbel Ave G

39-081-0017 Steubenville Jefferson 618 Logan St H

39-167-0008 Marietta Washington Washington County Career 

Center

I
94

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN 2006

Summary Data of 219 Canister Samples Frequency

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 55.00 7.48 1.00 219 

acetonitrile 2.60 0.54 0.20 147 

acrylonitrile 4.10 1.11 0.20 60 

benzene 7.90 0.76 0.10 216 

1,3-butadiene 0.69 0.21 0.10 29 

n-butane 15.00 1.89 0.14 215 

2-butanone 28.00 1.34 0.50 147 

carbon disulfide 2.30 0.95 0.50 35 

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.10 108 

chlorobenzene 0.54 0.24 0.10 14 

chlorodifluoromethane 13.00 0.63 0.16 178 

chloroform 0.46 0.23 0.10 4 

chloromethane 4.00 0.59 0.23 217 

cyclohexane 0.26 0.16 0.11 16 

decane 4.00 0.46 0.10 44 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 1.20 0.30 0.10 33 

dichlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.55 0.28 219 

n-dodecane 0.26 0.26 0.26 1 

ethylbenzene 0.69 0.21 0.10 60 

4-ethyltoluene 0.46 0.20 0.10 8 

n-heptane 4.10 0.25 0.10 75 

hexane 4.60 0.49 0.20 103 

methylene chloride 7.30 0.45 0.10 83 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 1.20 0.32 0.10 30 

a-methylstyrene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1 

naphthalene 8.10 0.72 0.10 51 

n-nonane 3.80 0.61 0.10 19 

n-octane 0.29 0.16 0.10 21 

n-pentane 10.00 0.83 0.10 216 

propylene 5.50 1.25 0.31 218 

n-propyl benzene 0.31 0.16 0.11 6 

styrene 0.29 0.18 0.10 7 

tetrachloroethylene 0.19 0.14 0.11 9 

toluene 7.50 0.79 0.10 206 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 21.00 7.11 0.10 45 

trichloroethene 0.15 0.13 0.10 11 

trichlorofluoromethane 14.00 0.54 0.19 217 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.48 0.13 0.10 37 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 2.00 0.30 0.10 104 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.67 0.20 0.10 15 

n-undecane 1.60 0.41 0.10 19 

vinyl acetate 2.40 0.71 0.21 96 

o-xylene 0.88 0.22 0.10 72 

total m+p-xylene 3.40 0.64 0.20 90 
95

Table A. 

Butler County (AQS - 39-017-0003)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 18.00 6.00 2.30 30 

acetonitrile 0.89 0.46 0.22 21 

acrylonitrile 0.45 0.38 0.29 4 

benzene 0.75 0.33 0.10 30 

1,3-butadiene 0.25 0.23 0.21 2 

n-butane 4.00 1.21 0.29 30 

2-butanone 2.40 0.99 0.52 20 

carbon disulfide 1.90 1.30 0.70 2 

carbon tetrachloride 0.13 0.11 0.10 17 

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.44 0.19 26 

chloroform 0.24 0.24 0.24 1 

chloromethane 0.81 0.55 0.39 29 

cyclohexane

decane 0.13 0.13 0.13 1 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.18 0.15 0.12 3 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.71 0.55 0.42 30 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.12 0.12 0.11 4 

4-ethyltoluene

n-heptane 0.14 0.12 0.11 3 

hexane 0.42 0.27 0.20 7 

methylene chloride 0.18 0.13 0.10 7 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.11 0.11 0.11 1 

a-methylstyrene

naphthalene 0.29 0.18 0.11 4 

n-nonane

n-octane

n-pentane 1.40 0.44 0.14 29 

propylene 2.20 0.94 0.31 30 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene

tetrachloroethylene

toluene 1.00 0.37 0.11 28 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.45 0.20 0.10 17 

trichloroethene

trichlorofluoromethane 3.70 0.47 0.21 30 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.13 0.12 4 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.30 0.15 0.10 10 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

n-undecane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

vinyl acetate 2.20 0.72 0.25 18 

o-xylene 0.17 0.14 0.10 5 

total m+p-xylene 0.50 0.34 0.21 8 
96

Table B. 

Hamilton County 

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected

acetone 33.00 9.23 3.70 28 

acetonitrile 2.60 0.70 0.21 22 

acrylonitrile 0.35 0.28 0.20 2 

benzene 7.60 1.95 0.19 28 

1,3-butadiene 0.25 0.22 0.18 2 

n-butane 4.60 1.22 0.37 27 

2-butanone 3.50 1.19 0.50 26 

carbon disulfide 

carbon tetrachloride 0.15 0.12 0.10 13 

chlorobenzene 0.54 0.25 0.10 11 

chlorodifluoromethane 1.50 0.69 0.30 15 

chloroform 0.11 0.11 0.11 1 

chloromethane 4.00 0.81 0.40 28 

cyclohexane 0.18 0.18 0.18 1 

decane 4.00 0.80 0.10 17 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.36 0.16 0.10 9 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.75 0.55 0.40 28 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.13 0.12 0.11 3 

4-ethyltoluene 0.46 0.24 0.16 5 

n-heptane 0.18 0.13 0.10 5 

hexane 1.40 0.62 0.26 5 

methylene chloride 0.26 0.15 0.10 13 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.12 0.10 3 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.14 0.14 0.13 3 

n-nonane 3.80 0.95 0.13 11 

n-octane 0.29 0.18 0.12 6 

n-pentane 3.10 0.55 0.15 28 

propylene 2.20 1.01 0.40 28 

n-propyl benzene 0.31 0.16 0.11 5 

styrene 0.29 0.22 0.14 2 

tetrachloroethylene 

toluene 1.60 0.45 0.10 27 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 21.00 11.30 3.50 28 

trichloroethene 

trichlorofluoromethane 3.80 0.49 0.22 28 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.14 0.12 0.11 6 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 2.00 0.51 0.10 19 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.67 0.32 0.13 6 

n-undecane 1.60 0.66 0.11 7 

vinyl acetate 2.40 0.96 0.31 14 

o-xylene 0.25 0.19 0.13 6 

total m+p-xylene 0.57 0.38 0.20 9 
97

Table C. 

Cuyahoga County 1 (AQS - 39-035-0038)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected

acetone 48.00 8.43 1.70 12 

acetonitrile 1.20 0.46 0.24 5 

acrylonitrile 0.28 0.24 0.21 4 

benzene 1.20 0.38 0.12 12 

1,3-butadiene

n-butane 4.20 1.92 0.49 12 

2-butanone 2.60 1.13 0.66 5 

carbon disulfide 

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.10 8 

chlorobenzene

chlorodifluoromethane 0.94 0.41 0.17 10 

chloroform

chloromethane 1.30 0.66 0.45 12 

cyclohexane

decane 1.10 1.10 1.10 1 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.51 0.51 0.51 1 

n-dodecane 0.26 0.26 0.26 1 

ethylbenzene 0.18 0.17 0.16 3 

4-ethyltoluene 

n-heptane 4.10 0.98 0.12 5 

hexane 0.85 0.38 0.20 8 

methylene chloride 1.20 0.52 0.15 6 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.13 0.13 1 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.21 0.16 0.10 2 

n-nonane 0.35 0.35 0.35 1 

n-octane

n-pentane 2.60 0.91 0.25 11 

propylene 2.10 0.99 0.37 12 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 

toluene 4.00 1.12 0.22 12 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 

trichlorofluoromethane 14.00 1.46 0.20 12 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.12 0.12 0.12 2 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.47 0.22 0.11 6 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1 

n-undecane 1.40 1.40 1.40 1 

vinyl acetate 0.93 0.57 0.23 5 

o-xylene 0.28 0.19 0.12 4 

total m+p-xylene 0.75 0.52 0.30 5 
98

Table D. 

Cuyahoga County 2 (AQS – 39-035-0068)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 20.00 6.38 1.80 25 

acetonitrile 1.40 0.56 0.21 19 

acrylonitrile 0.57 0.57 0.57 1 

benzene 2.20 0.52 0.16 25 

1,3-butadiene 0.45 0.20 0.11 5 

n-butane 4.90 1.98 0.65 25 

2-butanone 4.40 1.02 0.50 18 

carbon disulfide 0.57 0.57 0.57 1 

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 15 

chlorobenzene 

chlorodifluoromethane 1.50 0.48 0.22 22 

chloroform

chloromethane 0.97 0.57 0.39 25 

cyclohexane 0.13 0.13 0.12 2 

decane 0.21 0.16 0.12 8 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.12 0.12 0.11 2 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.88 0.58 0.37 25 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.39 0.21 0.10 10 

4-ethyltoluene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

n-heptane 0.58 0.22 0.10 13 

hexane 1.20 0.39 0.20 19 

methylene chloride 4.90 0.81 0.15 20 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.11 0.11 0.10 2 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.30 0.19 0.10 5 

n-nonane 0.12 0.11 0.10 4 

n-octane 0.27 0.18 0.11 6 

n-pentane 4.00 0.93 0.32 25 

propylene 3.90 1.52 0.52 25 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

tetrachloroethylene 0.19 0.14 0.11 4 

toluene 4.00 1.04 0.17 24 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

trichlorofluoromethane 1.50 0.39 0.22 25 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.10 4 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.60 0.23 0.11 17 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.11 0.11 0.10 2 

n-undecane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

vinyl acetate 2.10 0.79 0.23 6 

o-xylene 0.40 0.19 0.10 13 

total m+p-xylene 1.50 0.59 0.22 15 
99

Table E. 

Cuyahoga County 3 (AQS - 39-035-0069)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 23.00 5.59 1.80 26 

acetonitrile 0.88 0.44 0.20 15 

acrylonitrile 

benzene 2.00 0.51 0.15 26 

1,3-butadiene 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

n-butane 15.00 2.81 0.14 26 

2-butanone 2.20 0.99 0.51 13 

carbon disulfide 0.65 0.65 0.65 1 

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.12 0.10 13 

chlorobenzene 0.24 0.24 0.24 1 

chlorodifluoromethane 1.20 0.43 0.19 23 

chloroform 0.46 0.46 0.46 1 

chloromethane 0.97 0.55 0.36 26 

cyclohexane 0.26 0.17 0.11 4 

decane 0.44 0.23 0.10 4 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.15 0.14 0.13 3 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.73 0.55 0.37 26 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.36 0.20 0.10 8 

4-ethyltoluene 

n-heptane 0.45 0.20 0.11 12 

hexane 4.60 0.72 0.21 18 

methylene chloride 7.30 0.95 0.10 10 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.21 0.17 0.10 3 

n-nonane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

n-octane 0.16 0.15 0.13 2 

n-pentane 10.00 1.38 0.23 26 

propylene 3.10 1.26 0.32 26 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.18 0.15 0.11 2 

toluene 3.80 0.95 0.15 26 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 0.14 0.12 0.10 4 

trichlorofluoromethane 0.60 0.30 0.20 26 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.13 0.12 2 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.57 0.25 0.11 13 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

n-undecane 0.26 0.19 0.12 2 

vinyl acetate 0.86 0.66 0.38 3 

o-xylene 0.44 0.21 0.11 10 

total m+p-xylene 2.40 0.65 0.21 15 
100

Table F. 

Cuyahoga County 4 (AQS - 39-035-0071)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 55.00 13.58 2.40 14 

acetonitrile 0.56 0.45 0.26 10 

acrylonitrile 

benzene 1.80 0.57 0.13 14 

1,3-butadiene 0.28 0.19 0.11 5 

n-butane 6.00 3.20 0.66 13 

2-butanone 28.00 4.35 0.62 11 

carbon disulfide 

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.12 0.11 10 

chlorobenzene 

chlorodifluoromethane 1.20 0.65 0.42 13 

chloroform

chloromethane 0.94 0.68 0.47 14 

cyclohexane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

decane 0.61 0.31 0.21 7 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.97 0.47 0.11 11 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.74 0.61 0.48 14 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.27 0.18 0.11 7 

4-ethyltoluene 

n-heptane 0.45 0.25 0.14 8 

hexane 1.20 0.52 0.21 10 

methylene chloride 0.55 0.28 0.10 10 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.91 0.44 0.16 6 

a-methylstyrene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1 

naphthalene 0.29 0.19 0.12 3 

n-nonane 0.18 0.15 0.12 2 

n-octane 0.23 0.15 0.11 3 

n-pentane 5.90 1.71 0.47 14 

propylene 2.30 1.36 0.60 14 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.13 0.13 0.12 2 

toluene 3.80 1.30 0.23 14 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 0.15 0.14 0.13 6 

trichlorofluoromethane 0.62 0.35 0.21 14 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.48 0.19 0.10 5 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.48 0.29 0.15 8 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 

n-undecane 0.40 0.18 0.12 6 

vinyl acetate 0.56 0.35 0.25 5 

o-xylene 0.30 0.19 0.10 7 

total m+p-xylene 0.95 0.58 0.30 8 
101

Table G. 

Franklin County (AQS - 39-049-0034)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 37.00 9.34 2.40 31 

acetonitrile 0.84 0.48 0.23 15 

acrylonitrile 1.20 0.63 0.28 5 

benzene 1.30 0.35 0.11 30 

1,3-butadiene 0.69 0.28 0.13 5 

n-butane 4.40 1.41 0.37 30 

2-butanone 3.80 1.47 0.55 21 

carbon disulfide 

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 14 

chlorobenzene 

chlorodifluoromethane 0.99 0.39 0.20 25 

chloroform

chloromethane 0.89 0.51 0.24 31 

cyclohexane 0.17 0.17 0.17 1 

decane 0.15 0.15 0.15 1 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 0.33 0.24 0.15 2 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.75 0.51 0.28 31 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.26 0.18 0.10 9 

4-ethyltoluene 

n-heptane 0.22 0.14 0.10 8 

hexane 0.76 0.35 0.20 13 

methylene chloride 0.34 0.15 0.11 10 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.13 0.11 0.10 3 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.16 0.12 0.10 3 

n-nonane

n-octane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

n-pentane 2.90 0.64 0.14 30 

propylene 5.40 1.31 0.41 30 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene

tetrachloroethylene 0.14 0.14 0.14 1 

toluene 3.20 0.66 0.10 28 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 

trichlorofluoromethane 0.44 0.27 0.19 29 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 5 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.49 0.21 0.10 12 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 

n-undecane

vinyl acetate 2.20 0.71 0.22 17 

o-xylene 0.30 0.18 0.11 10 

total m+p-xylene 0.97 0.52 0.20 12 
102

Table H. 

Jefferson County (AQS - 39-081-0017)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 14.00 5.82 1.00 29 

acetonitrile 1.60 0.56 0.20 24 

acrylonitrile 2.80 1.09 0.20 23 

benzene 7.90 1.45 0.10 29 

1,3-butadiene 0.34 0.19 0.10 9 

n-butane 9.80 1.80 0.31 28 

2-butanone 3.00 1.01 0.52 18 

carbon disulfide 1.90 1.00 0.50 10 

carbon tetrachloride 0.16 0.12 0.11 9 

chlorobenzene 

chlorodifluoromethane 0.96 0.34 0.17 24 

chloroform 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

chloromethane 0.84 0.52 0.23 29 

cyclohexane 0.11 0.11 0.11 1 

decane 0.25 0.16 0.10 4 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 

dichlorodifluoromethane 0.77 0.52 0.30 29 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.43 0.26 0.11 13 

4-ethyltoluene 

n-heptane 0.41 0.22 0.12 14 

hexane 0.90 0.41 0.21 13 

methylene chloride 0.20 0.14 0.11 4 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 1.20 0.49 0.29 11 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 8.10 1.34 0.10 24 

n-nonane

n-octane

n-pentane 2.60 0.63 0.16 29 

propylene 3.50 1.12 0.37 29 

n-propyl benzene 0.17 0.17 0.17 1 

styrene 0.21 0.17 0.12 3 

tetrachloroethylene 

toluene 3.10 0.83 0.11 28 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 

trichlorofluoromethane 3.80 1.10 0.29 29 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 5 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.44 0.29 0.10 16 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.10 0.10 0.10 3 

n-undecane

vinyl acetate 2.00 0.75 0.21 16 

o-xylene 0.44 0.26 0.12 14 

total m+p-xylene 1.80 0.92 0.31 15 
103

Table I. 

Washington County (AQS - 39-167-0008)

Summary Data of Canister Samples Units - g/m3 Frequency 

COMPOUND LIST Maximum Average Minimum Detected 

acetone 19.00 6.09 1.80 24 

acetonitrile 1.80 0.59 0.25 16 

acrylonitrile 4.10 1.66 0.24 21 

benzene 2.60 0.36 0.11 22 

1,3-butadiene 

n-butane 8.40 2.38 0.45 24 

2-butanone 2.00 0.89 0.53 15 

carbon disulfide 2.30 0.93 0.51 21 

carbon tetrachloride 0.14 0.11 0.10 9 

chlorobenzene 0.21 0.16 0.11 2 

chlorodifluoromethane 13.00 1.97 0.16 20 

chloroform

chloromethane 0.89 0.56 0.41 23 

cyclohexane 0.21 0.17 0.12 6 

decane 0.10 0.10 0.10 1 

1,4-dichlorobenzene (para) 1.20 0.65 0.10 2 

dichlorodifluoromethane 1.30 0.54 0.41 24 

n-dodecane

ethylbenzene 0.69 0.46 0.23 3 

4-ethyltoluene 0.13 0.13 0.13 2 

n-heptane 0.50 0.26 0.10 7 

hexane 1.80 0.66 0.20 10 

methylene chloride 0.48 0.38 0.22 3 

4-methyl-2-pentanone 0.17 0.14 0.11 2 

a-methylstyrene 

naphthalene 0.40 0.23 0.14 4 

n-nonane

n-octane 0.15 0.12 0.10 3 

n-pentane 5.50 0.87 0.10 24 

propylene 5.50 1.75 0.56 24 

n-propyl benzene 

styrene 0.21 0.21 0.21 1 

tetrachloroethylene 

toluene 7.50 0.88 0.11 19 

1,1,1-trichloroethane 

trichloroethene 

trichlorofluoromethane 1.70 0.38 0.20 24 

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 0.13 0.12 0.11 4 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 0.76 0.52 0.25 3 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 0.12 0.12 0.11 2 

n-undecane 0.14 0.14 0.14 1 

vinyl acetate 0.93 0.57 0.28 12 

o-xylene 0.88 0.60 0.31 3 

total m+p-xylene 3.40 2.03 0.98 3 
104

HEAVY METALS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

SAMPLING

Ambient air toxic monitoring on a routine basis for heavy metals (other than 

lead), by Ohio EPA DAPC, was initiated in 1989 and has continued. Since that 

time all of DAPC’s air filter samples have been analyzed by the Ohio EPA 

Division of Envronmental Services (DES). A summary of the results can be 

found in the following tables. Sampling for heavy metals is conducted using 

a high volume total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler. With this sampler, 

particulate matter in the air is collected on a pre-weighed glass fiber 

filter. Sampling is done intermittently with 24-hour samples collected once 

every six days. The operating procedures for lead can be found in the Code 

of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR, Part 50, Appendix G. These basic procedures 

are also used for the other metals. 

ANALYSIS

Filters collected at each site were analyzed as a monthly composite. 

Typically there are 5 sampling days in which a filter is collected. From 

these individual filters two strips are cut and combined from strips from all 

the filters collected that month and analyzed as one sample for the month. 

The acid extracted samples are analyzed by atomic absorption (AA) 

spectroscopy. When an element is heated in the flame of this instrument it 

absorbs light at a characteristic wavelength. By measuring the amount of 

light absorbed at a particular wavelength the concentration of the element 

being analyzed can be determined.

HEAVY METALS PARAMETERS

All particulate filter samples collected by DAPC are routinely analyzed for 

eight metals. 

 arsenic cadmium chromium beryllium 

 lead1

 nickel zinc manganese 

From each sample, most parameters are analyzed using Inductively Coupled 

Plasma Emission spectroscopy (ICP). Those would be; 

 chromium lead nickel zinc manganese 

the rest are analyzed using a more sensitive Graphite Furnace Atomic 

Absorption Method. 

 arsenic cadmium beryllium 

Particulate mercury that can be detected from a glass or quartz fiber filter 

has been added to the parameter list for a number of samples from sites in 

communities with specific concerns about potential mercury sources. Mercury 

analysis for each sample is performed separately from the other metals. 

 

1

Lead is the only parameter being monitored in the ATMP that has a National 

Ambient Air Quality Standard. See Section V, page 83, Lead.
105

Total mercury is determined using a cold vapor method developed by DES.

The following locations identify the sites that were used for the routine 

metals monitoring program.

SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION

AQS # CITY COUNTY ADDRESS TABLE

39-017-0015 Middletown Butler 3901 Lefferson Rd. J

39-029-0019 E. Liverpool Columbiana 1250 St. George St. K

39-029-0020 E. Liverpool Columbiana 2220 Michigan Ave. L

39-029-0022 E. Liverpool Columbiana 500 Maryland Ave. M

39-035-0038 Cleveland Cuyahoga 2547 Tikhon Ave. N

39-035-0042 Cleveland Cuyahoga 3136 Lorain Ave. O

39-035-0049 Cleveland Cuyahoga 4150 East 56th St. P

39-035-0050 Cleveland Cuyahoga 5777 Grant Ave. Q

39-035-0061 Cleveland Cuyahoga West 3rd. St. R

39-035-0068 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway S

39-035-0069 Cleveland Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave. T

39-049-0025 Columbus Franklin 1700 Ann St. U

39-051-0001 Delta Fulton 200 Van Buren St. V

39-091-0003 Bellefontaine Logan 1222 Superior Ave. W

39-167-0008 Marietta Washington Lancaster Rd. X

39-167-0009 Marietta Washington Blue Knob Rd. Y

39-167-0006 Marietta Washington Eramet/ Eveready Z

39-123-0012 Elmore Ottawa 2517 St. Rt. 590 AA

Marion Marion 635 Bellfontaine St. AB

Marion Marion 441 Whitmore Ave. AC
106

 Table J. 

Middletown Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Ohio Bell 

3901 Lefferson Rd. 

AQS: 39-017-0015 units -- ng/m3

Butler Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.031 7.6 21.0 75 <6.2 630 1.20 2.50

FEBRUARY 0.051 6.4 7.7 75 <5.1 72 1.20 0.47

MARCH 0.054 <4.0 180 <5.4 28 <5.4 19 0.81 0.15

APRIL 0.033 <4.9 240 <6.5 33 <6.5 37 1.80 0.31

MAY 0.050 4.5 480 7.6 67 <5.2 73 1.70 0.33

JUNE 0.150 8.8 1000 11.0 150 <9.2 130 1.60 0.31

JULY 0.120 9.6 920 12.0 130 <5.6 87 1.30 0.32

AUGUST 0.048 4.7 380 <5.6 54 <5.6 41 0.92 0.18

SEPTEMBER 0.074 4.5 510 <5.3 54 <5.3 43 1.60 0.31

OCTOBER 0.074 5.1 450 5.9 61 <5.4 57 1.90 0.29

NOVEMBER 0.056 <4.2 250 <5.6 30 <5.6 34 1.50 0.25

DECEMBER 0.059 3.9 420 4.7 57 <4.6 61 0.76 0.26

 Table K. 

East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

Port Authority 

1250 St. Geoge St.

AQS: 39-029-0019 units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.025 3.9 50.0 500 <4.0 390 0.053 2.00 3.80

FEBRUARY 0.060 7.2 570 12.0 1700 5.30 110 0.044 2.70 0.91

MARCH 0.150 5.3 400 4.0 390 <4.0 180 0.078 2.10 3.90

APRIL 0.240 6.8 570 55.0 820 5.90 200 0.059 2.40 2.40

MAY 0.110 <3.2 280 9.6 120 <4.2 46 0.048 2.50 0.50

JUNE 0.320 6.1 670 14.0 350 <5.2 50 0.100 1.80 0.50

JULY 0.430 6.5 680 16.0 500 <7.2 59 0.081 3.00 0.54

AUGUST 0.270 5.0 530 11.0 410 <4.2 64 0.008 2.00 0.59

SEPTEMBER 0.240 4.7 450 6.1 600 <4.0 34 0.130 1.60 0.68

OCTOBER 0.085 <2.9 220 11.0 110 <3.8 69 0.077 3.20 0.53

NOVEMBER 0.045 8.2 400 44.0 300 9.10 540 0.061 2.90 3.30

DECEMBER 0.032 2.7 170 11.0 58 <3.2 160 0.029 1.30 0.93
107

 Table L. 

Table M. 

East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

Waterplant 

2220 Michigan Ave. 

AQS: 39-029-0020 units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.023 18.0 67.0 4600 8.8 520 0.058 4.90 5.40

FEBRUARY 0.035 27.0 1600 14.0 6400 8.2 140 0.041 3.70 1.20

MARCH 0.024 12.0 770 34.0 2800 22.0 160 0.075 2.50 3.00

APRIL 0.034 19.0 1000 25.0 3200 88.0 190 0.074 4.50 1.80

MAY <0.030 <4.6 320 12.0 570 15.0 49 0.043 2.80 0.52

JUNE <0.024 7.6 340 9.3 800 <4.9 44 0.063 1.30 0.64

JULY <0.026 5.4 420 10.0 1300 <5.1 41 0.025 2.60 0.56

AUGUST 0.031 16.0 750 8.2 2000 6.9 88 0.022 1.90 0.78

SEPTEMBER 0.120 21.0 640 7.5 1600 29.0 42 0.066 1.70 0.78

OCTOBER 0.022 6.0 300 14.0 420 19.0 70 0.059 1.70 0.86

NOVEMBER 0.039 34.0 750 51.0 1300 15.0 720 0.063 3.00 4.00

DECEMBER <0.018 26.0 640 15.0 1600 4.7 190 0.045 2.50 1.30

East Liverpool Hetal Metals Data - 2006

500 Maryland Ave.

AQS: 39-029-0022

units -- ng/m3

Columbiana Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.025 <3.7 43.0 280 <5.0 340 0.048 1.80 3.40

FEBRUARY 0.041 4.8 280 11.0 320 <4.8 81 0.041 1.70 0.57

MARCH 0.054 6.9 490 47.0 950 <6.4 230 0.077 3.20 4.60

APRIL 0.045 <5.0 280 9.1 290 <6.6 79 0.041 1.60 0.75

MAY 0.027 <4.1 220 6.1 160 <5.5 35 0.030 2.00 0.33

JUNE 0.050 6.6 470 14.0 540 <5.5 44 0.081 1.60 0.38

JULY 0.043 4.8 320 12.0 350 <5.7 38 <0.007 2.50 0.37

AUGUST 0.048 5.3 340 8.3 220 <7.0 44 0.032 1.50 0.39

SEPTEMBER 0.027 <3.9 210 <5.2 290 <5.2 26 0.094 1.10 0.44

OCTOBER 0.035 <3.7 210 8.9 140 <5.0 65 0.045 3.60 0.49

NOVEMBER 0.035 7.1 360 42.0 250 6.60 460 0.049 3.20 2.80

DECEMBER <0.020 <3.1 150 12.0 48 <4.1 150 0.040 1.40 1.10
108

Table N. 

Table O. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

FIRE "4A" 

3136 Lorain Ave.

AQS: 39-035-0042 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.031 <4.0 15.0 35 <5.3 71 1.60 1.00

FEBRUARY <0.026 <3.9 15.0 11 <5.2 57 1.40 0.37

MARCH <0.026 <3.8 15.0 19 <5.1 78 1.40 1.50

APRIL <0.027 <4.0 28.0 25 6.8 93 3.00 0.98

MAY <0.046 <7.0 10.0 22 <9.3 83 0.89 0.26

JUNE <0.027 <4.1 19.0 19 <5.5 60 1.40 0.30

JULY <0.028 <4.2 12.0 11 <5.5 39 1.50 0.15

AUGUST <0.028 <4.2 14.0 25 <5.6 85 1.50 0.37

SEPTEMBER <0.027 <4.1 7.6 14 <5.5 50 1.70 0.24

OCTOBER <0.027 <4.0 16.0 21 <5.4 76 2.70 0.57

NOVEMBER <0.027 <4.0 10.0 14 <5.3 54 1.30 0.30

DECEMBER 0.028 <3.3 9.9 14 <4.4 46 1.20 0.36

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

St. Theodosius Church

2547 St. Tikhon Ave. 

AQS: 39-035-0038 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.036 <3.8 15 45 <5.0 95 2.0 0.95

FEBRUARY 0.024 3.60 35 38 <4.8 110 1.7 0.93

MARCH 0.036 6.20 20 89 <5.0 100 1.7 0.83

APRIL 0.053 7.50 24 89 10.00 120 2.1 0.71

MAY 0.037 <3.8 22 44 <5.1 82 3.6 0.83

JUNE <0.026 <3.9 15 32 <5.2 64 1.8 0.38

JULY <0.025 <3.8 10 23 <5.1 46 1.6 0.27

AUGUST 0.048 5.00 34 48 <5.1 100 1.6 0.58

SEPTEMBER 0.047 <3.8 20 39 <5.1 150 3.0 0.61

OCTOBER 0.046 3.70 17 74 <5.0 95 2.6 0.80

NOVEMBER 0.048 3.70 11 26 6.00 58 1.7 0.37

DECEMBER 0.024 <3.1 8.4 29 <4.2 41 1.0 0.30
109

Table P. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

FERRO "A" 

4150 EAST 56th STR.

AQS: 39-035-0049 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.032 <4.0 58 52 20 71 1.50 0.72

FEBRUARY 0.033 5.5 50 140 99 92 1.80 0.38

MARCH 0.053 5.9 66 110 14 140 1.70 0.62

APRIL 0.050 7.2 110 120 2.2 140 3.00 0.56

MAY 0.072 6.7 62 160 80 140 3.10 0.54

JUNE 0.043 5.2 91 130 82 120 1.70 0.34

JULY 0.042 5.0 140 120 160 81 2.30 0.33

AUGUST 0.066 5.6 83 110 54 84 1.60 0.38

SEPTEMBER 0.053 6.0 76 100 76 110 1.90 0.47

OCTOBER <0.026 4.9 46 70 57 70 2.40 0.40

NOVEMBER <0.026 <3.9 31 63 45 54 1.90 0.30

DECEMBER 0.028 4.0 30 79 110 130 1.80 0.55

Table Q. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fortran Printing Inc.

5777 GRANT AVE. 

AQS: 39-035-0050 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.026 <4.0 9.3 35 24.0 62 1.70 0.87

FEBRUARY <0.026 4.3 24.0 30 7.1 52 1.70 0.45

MARCH 0.044 7.3 87.0 120 14.0 110 2.30 0.83

APRIL 0.044 9.0 26.0 120 18.0 110 3.30 0.70

MAY 0.093 5.8 20.0 140 16.0 110 4.50 0.69

JUNE 0.040 5.0 18.0 96 30.0 70 3.00 0.38

JULY 0.033 <4.0 17.0 54 22.0 50 4.40 0.34

AUGUST 0.111 6.7 20.0 150 28.0 85 3.00 0.44

SEPTEMBER <0.033 <4.9 13.0 34 35.0 49 2.20 0.26

OCTOBER <0.026 <3.8 9.8 40 5.9 42 1.90 0.34

NOVEMBER <0.026 <3.8 8.8 24 20.0 48 1.70 0.31

DECEMBER <0.021 <3.2 8.5 24 14.0 44 1.40 0.57
110

Table R. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Asphalt Plant "A"

West 3rd St.

AQS: 39-035-0061 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH Beryllium Chromium Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Arsenic Cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.050 <4.7 10.0 71 <6.2 89 2.20 0.43

FEBRUARY 0.041 <3.7 <4.9 <1.2 <4.9 <0.0025 1.50 0.40

MARCH 0.051 <6.2 26.0 73 <8.2 120 2.40 0.66

APRIL 0.098 6.5 23.0 110 9.5 130 2.20 0.68

MAY 0.066 4.1 60.0 95 <5.2 110 2.40 0.65

JUNE 0.035 4.2 19.0 67 <5.1 100 1.40 0.38

JULY 0.040 <3.8 15.0 41 <5.1 64 1.30 0.31

AUGUST 0.065 <3.8 15.0 69 <5.1 89 1.40 0.41

SEPTEMBER 0.072 <3.7 12.0 64 <5.0 80 1.90 0.30

OCTOBER 0.049 <3.7 10.0 61 <4.9 81 1.80 0.42

NOVEMBER <0.025 <3.7 11.0 29 6.9 54 1.30 0.29

DECEMBER 0.028 <3.0 7.2 30 <4.1 50 0.90 0.25

Table S. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fire Station "#11"

7629 Broadway

AQS: 39-035-0068 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH Beryllium Chromium Lead Manganese Nickel Zinc Arsenic Cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.027 <4.0 12.0 9.4 <5.3 61 1.20 0.61

FEBRUARY <0.042 <6.4 14.0 27 <8.5 56 1.80 0.70

MARCH <0.044 <6.6 24.0 50 <8.8 90 1.60 0.45

APRIL 0.034 <5.0 23.0 44 7.0 92 2.40 0.56

MAY <0.033 <5.0 15.0 33 <6.7 78 2.20 0.50

JUNE <0.027 <4.1 16.0 25 5.4 69 1.40 0.34

JULY 0.027 <4.1 16.0 26 <5.4 63 1.90 0.33

AUGUST 0.034 <5.0 24.0 54 <6.7 90 1.50 0.63

SEPTEMBER <0.027 <4.0 16.0 33 <5.3 68 1.20 0.38

OCTOBER <0.026 <3.9 14.0 25 9.7 58 1.80 0.40

NOVEMBER <0.026 <3.9 9.8 19 <5.2 49 1.60 0.32

DECEMBER <0.022 <3.3 6.9 14 <4.4 38 0.80 0.71
111

Table T. 

Cleveland Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Fire Station "#22"

7300 Superior

AQS: 39-035-0069 units -- ng/m3

Cuyahoga Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.044 <6.6 <8.8 10 <8.8 42 1.60 0.25

FEBRUARY <0.026 <3.9 10.0 15 <5.2 50 1.50 0.35

MARCH <0.026 <3.9 10.0 14 <5.2 42 1.50 0.26

APRIL <0.033 <4.9 16.0 20 <6.6 56 3.00 0.35

MAY <0.027 <4.0 16.0 18 <5.4 54 1.40 0.29

JUNE <0.033 <5.0 19.0 23 <6.7 72 1.10 0.34

JULY <0.045 <6.7 24.0 35 <8.9 70 2.40 0.37

AUGUST <0.027 <4.0 13.0 26 <5.4 60 1.20 0.68

SEPTEMBER <0.026 <4.0 12.0 26 <5.3 49 1.60 0.28

OCTOBER <0.026 <3.9 14.0 23 <5.2 59 1.60 0.35

NOVEMBER <0.026 <3.9 8.6 12 <5.2 52 1.40 0.23

DECEMBER <0.021 <3.2 10.0 12 <4.3 32 1.20 0.28

Table U. 

Columbus Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Woodrow 

1700 Ann St.

AQS: 39-049-0025 units -- ng/m3

Franklin Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.027 <4.0 <5.4 6.4 <5.4 40 0.58 0.25

FEBRUARY <0.027 5.70 11.0 28 <5.5 100 0.99 0.37

MARCH <0.028 <4.2 100 <5.4 7 <5.5 43 0.71 0.20

APRIL <0.028 <4.2 240 12.0 20 <5.6 75 1.50 0.62

MAY <0.028 <4.3 210 7.6 16 <5.7 89 1.50 0.38

JUNE <0.029 <4.4 210 7.6 14 <5.9 71 0.86 0.29

JULY <0.030 <4.5 280 11.0 24 <6.0 100 1.20 0.44

AUGUST <0.030 <4.5 220 11.0 15 <6.0 80 1.30 0.41

SEPTEMBER <0.029 <4.3 300 8.1 16 <5.7 79 1.40 0.43

OCTOBER <0.028 <4.2 220 8.8 17 <5.6 100 1.40 0.81

NOVEMBER <0.028 <4.2 160 6.6 14 <5.6 56 1.70 0.54

DECEMBER <0.022 <3.4 210 6.7 15 <4.5 71 1.00 0.26
112

Table V. 

 Table W. 

NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006 

Delta 

200 Van Buren St. 

AQS: 39-051-0001 units -- ng/m3 

Fulton Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.028 <3.2 130 4.6 <4.3 1100 0.49 5.10

FEBRUARY <0.021 <3.2 66 7.9 <4.2 460 0.51 2.20

MARCH <0.036 <5.3 17 2.4 <7.0 130 0.47 0.53

APRIL <0.028 <4.1 22 9.0 <5.5 88 1.20 0.25

MAY <0.037 <5.6 260 7.6 <7.4 2700 <0.37 5.30

JUNE <0.029 <4.3 66 8.3 <5.8 400 1.30 2.80

JULY <0.027 <4.0 26 7.0 <5.3 69 <1.2 0.22

AUGUST <0.027 <4.1 380 7.9 <5.5 1300 0.87 2.80

SEPTEMBER <0.022 <3.3 240 6.6 <4.4 1700 0.79 2.30

OCTOBER <0.022 <3.3 230 17.0 <4.4 1700 1.00 2.90

NOVEMBER <0.022 <3.3 160 5.2 <4.4 670 0.77 2.50

DECEMBER <0.026 <3.9 420 6.5 <5.3 2800 0.53 4.00

SWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Bellefontaine 

1222 Superior Ave.

AQS: 39-091-0003 units -- ng/m3

Logan Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium iron lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.025 <3.8 80 4.4 <5.0 18 0.64 0.12

FEBRUARY <0.038 <5.7 68 5.3 <7.6 28 0.60 0.17

MARCH <0.025 <3.7 75 6 2.4 <5.0 15 0.51 0.09

APRIL <0.027 <4.1 190 30 9.0 <5.5 23 0.95 0.16

MAY <0.023 <3.5 79 38 4.4 7.20 19 0.43 0.16

JUNE <0.027 <4.1 140 37 4.3 <5.4 22 1.10 0.10

JULY <0.028 <4.2 220 190 5.1 <5.7 26 1.30 0.27

AUGUST <0.026 <4.0 120 31 3.6 <5.3 20 0.93 0.08

SEPTEMBER <0.025 <3.8 140 43 3.1 <5.0 14 0.90 0.10

OCTOBER <0.022 <3.2 92 23 6.5 <4.3 16 0.99 0.10

NOVEMBER <0.023 <3.4 68 4.9 4.1 <4.6 21 1.00 0.13

DECEMBER <0.019 <2.9 130 16 3.4 <3.8 19 0.54 0.10
113

Table X. 

SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Washington Co. Career Center

Lancaster Rd. 

AQS: 39-167-0008 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.024 <3.6 <4.8 30 <4.8 11 0.48 0.22

FEBRUARY <0.022 <3.3 <5.0 11 <4.4 12 <1.2 <0.12 

MARCH No sample 

APRIL <0.028 <4.2 <5.6 110 <5.6 26 0.027 1.30 0.23

MAY <0.022 <3.3 4.8 32 <4.4 21 0.027 0.92 0.19

JUNE <0.022 <3.3 <4.4 61 <4.4 22 0.036 0.78 0.25

JULY <0.022 <3.4 7.9 230 <4.5 39 0.028 1.20 0.43

AUGUST <0.022 <3.4 <4.5 27 <4.5 19 0.021 0.81 0.17

SEPTEMBER <0.022 <3.2 <4.3 73 <4.3 11 0.018 0.95 0.34

OCTOBER <0.021 <3.2 <4.2 89 <4.2 12 0.023 1.10 0.69

NOVEMBER <0.021 <3.2 <4.2 66 <4.2 18 0.000 1.30 0.26

DECEMBER <0.017 <2.6 4.8 53 <3.5 14 0.016 0.86 0.12

 Table Y. 

SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Blue Knob Rd.

Marietta 

AQS: 39-167-0009 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.020 <3.0 6.9 350 <3.9 37 0.75 0.39

FEBRUARY <0.019 <2.9 <3.9 200 <3.9 19 0.57 0.23

MARCH <0.025 <3.7 <5.0 94 <5.0 18 0.036 0.74 0.19

APRIL <0.030 <4.5 6.3 45 <6.0 25 0.032 1.00 0.16

MAY <0.024 <3.5 4.7 340 <4.7 29 0.054 0.91 0.34

JUNE <0.024 <3.6 5.3 280 <4.8 22 0.029 0.92 0.18

JULY Discontinued

AUGUST 

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER
114

 Table Z. 

 Table AA. 

NWDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Brush Wellman 32

Route 105

AQS: 39-123-0012 units -- ng/m3

Ottawa Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 0.027 <0.7 3.0 2.4 <0.9 12 0.52 0.12

FEBRUARY 0.035 <0.7 2.7 2.6 <0.9 12 0.39 0.11

MARCH 0.010 <0.6 2.5 2.7 <0.8 12 0.51 0.10

APRIL 0.033 <0.7 3.7 5.2 <1.0 15 0.64 0.13

MAY 0.037 <0.7 3.8 4.2 1.3 16 0.80 0.14

JUNE 0.096 <0.7 2.7 3.5 1.1 11 0.46 0.09

JULY 0.320 <0.8 4.9 4.5 2.0 16 0.68 0.13

AUGUST 0.290 <0.8 3.5 4.0 1.1 14 0.66 0.11

SEPTEMBER 0.053 <0.6 3.2 2.8 <0.9 13 0.60 0.10

OCTOBER 0.140 <0.7 3.3 3.5 <1.0 14 0.89 0.14

NOVEMBER 0.200 <0.6 4.1 4.7 <0.8 15 0.56 0.12

DECEMBER 0.076 <0.7 3.3 3.2 <1.0 14 0.58 0.12

SEDO Heavy Metals Data - 2006

Everyready/ Eramet

Eramet 

AQS: 39-167-0006 units -- ng/m3

Washington Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY 

FEBRUARY

MARCH <0.034 12.0 9.6 1400 <6.9 40 0.038 3.30 0.59

APRIL <0.021 22.0 9.4 1200 <4.2 39 0.084 3.00 1.40

MAY <0.022 11.0 13.0 1900 <4.5 100 0.094 1.80 1.00

JUNE <0.028 15.0 7.1 1100 <5.5 28 0.069 2.10 0.33

JULY <0.057 <8.5 <11.0 700 <11.0 48 0.022 1.10 0.31

AUGUST 0.024 9.8 <4.8 880 <4.8 22.4 0.047 2.40 0.35

SEPTEMBER <0.023 3.5 <4.6 460 <4.6 22 0.040 1.70 0.31

OCTOBER <0.037 10.0 11.0 1400 <7.5 55 0.020 3.20 0.78

NOVEMBER 

DECEMBER
115

 Table AB. 

Table AC. 

NWDO Heavy Metals Composite Monthly Data - 2006

Marion Steel 

441 Whitmore St. 

AQS: units -- ng/m3

Marion Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.021 5.5 120 140 <4.3 590 0.360 2.10 1.50

FEBRUARY <0.022 9.1 200 290 7.00 1000 1.600 3.80 3.30

MARCH <0.022 7.0 73 120 <4.4 420 0.170 2.60 1.20

APRIL 0.024 10.0 85 190 4.60 460 0.650 2.20 1.90

MAY 0.027 4.8 82 88 <4.7 330 0.760 1.80 1.60

JUNE <0.024 5.3 25 65 <4.8 120 0.210 1.40 0.43

JULY <0.024 6.5 80 110 <4.8 360 0.620 2.40 2.10

AUGUST <0.024 5.6 43 74 <4.8 230 0.390 1.80 1.20

SEPTEMBER <0.023 7.4 51 110 <4.6 290 0.400 2.20 1.50

OCTOBER <0.023 6.8 110 140 <4.6 470 0.760 2.10 3.10

NOVEMBER <0.022 6.6 110 130 <4.4 740 0.190 1.60 2.10

DECEMBER <0.018 5.9 55 130 <3.6 410 0.800 1.30 1.30

NWDO Heavy Metals Composite Monthly Data - 2006

Marion Steel 

635 Bellfontaine / Gill Ave.

AQS: units -- ng/m3

Marion Parameters

MONTH beryllium chromium lead manganese nickel zinc mercury arsenic cadmium 

 

JANUARY <0.026 4.5 120 79 <5.2 430 0.390 1.20 1.10

FEBRUARY <0.032 <4.8 15 55 <6.4 85 0.092 1.20 0.34

MARCH <0.027 5.0 20 62 <5.4 130 0.220 1.70 0.46

APRIL <0.027 5.2 19 78 <5.3 100 0.160 1.30 0.49

MAY <0.028 5.1 80 73 <5.6 450 0.500 1.60 1.30

JUNE <0.030 <4.5 17 41 <6.1 110 0.084 1.50 0.37

JULY <0.028 <4.3 14 35 <5.7 87 0.140 1.10 0.32

AUGUST <0.028 <4.3 14 24 <5.7 82 0.077 0.90 0.43

SEPTEMBER <0.027 4.7 24 54 <5.3 140 0.260 0.92 0.76

OCTOBER <0.026 <3.9 26 42 <5.2 120 0.340 1.30 0.98

NOVEMBER <0.025 3.9 25 53 <4.9 140 0.300 1.00 0.49

DECEMBER <0.021 4.2 21 54 <4.2 140 0.400 1.10 0.50
116

FUTURE

The long term air toxics monitoring goals of DAPC will focus on the requirements of 

the Clean Air Act (CAA) particularly Section 112 and will support the development 

of EPA’s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy. In addition the air toxics 

monitoring efforts will incorporate relative elements of the mission and goals of 

DAPC to protect the environment for the benefit of all and to develop improved air 

toxics information.

The current strategy of urban based monitoring has evolved over the years the 

number of sites and locations have changed depending on resources and priorities.

The major emphasis of existing sampling projects is to develop and establish cost 

effective, routine sampling and analysis procedures. U.S. EPA has provided the 

Compendium of Recommended Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds 

in Ambient Air. Methods have been updated to allow for more uniform approaches 

for sampling and analyzing various groups of compounds. New methods have been 

developed and added for compounds not previously targeted. There is even a 

Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants In Indoor Air. Ohio 

EPA’s own air toxics monitoring capacity has been enhanced with the expansion of 

the air canister sample analysis capability by the Division of Environmental 

Services (DES).

Future Goals of the division will be modified to be compatible with the National 

Air Toxics Assessment Network activities. The intent of this network is to provide 

measurements of ambient concentrations of air toxics at monitoring sites throughout 

the nation for the estimation of human and environmental exposure to air toxics, 

and the assessment of risk due to air toxics. 

As part of the current grant commitment to USEPA, DAPC will continue its effort to 

submit future Air Toxics Data to the AQS Database. As part of that effort DAPC 

will compile all air toxics data collected in previous years so that it may 

eventually be submitted to AQS. DAPC has already made an effort to have all metals 

data submitted to AQS. 

Modernization:

DAPC will pursue information on new technology such as: 

x Continuous gas chromatography, mass spectrometry 

x ICP/MS - to be utilized at DES for metals analysis 

x FTIR long-path monitoring

x Updates of the Compendium of Recommended Methods are available at the following 

website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html 

x

x Evaluate future training needs for Air Toxics Monitoring: 

x sampling methods, 

x analytical procedures, 

x equipment

 AVAILABLE REPORTS:

New Boston Coke Columbus Dioxin Study

Columbus Dioxin Study 1995 Marion Air Quality Study

Cleveland Air Toxics Study

Future Report: A Compilation of Air Toxics Monitoring 1990- 2006, summary data 

currently available by year. 
117

VII. AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) 

There has been a daily reporting of ambient air quality in 

Ohio's major metropolitan areas in some form since 1971. A 

national Pollution Standards Index (PSI) was established in 1977 

to report air quality. This index was adopted by Ohio EPA's 

District Offices and the local air agencies (LAA's) to inform 

the public of daily air quality. 

In the summer of 1999 the PSI scale was revised and renamed the 

Air Quality Index (AQI). It was modified to add 2.5 micron 

particulate matter (PM2.5) and to accommodate the 8-Hour ozone 

standard.

The U.S. EPA has started the regulatory process of changing the 

AQI for PM2.5 because of the change in the 24-HHour standard 

which took place in late 2006. The change is expected in late 

2007 or early 2008. 

The AQI (see Table 12) is a uniform "scaling" of five 

pollutants: particulate (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide, ozone, 

nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The level of each of 

these is calculated every day to determine the AQI. The 

pollutant with the highest AQI is reported to the media. 

When the AQI exceeds, or is expected to exceed, 100 in a major 

city, the agency concerned issues a "health advisory". When 

pollution levels exceed an AQI of 200 and are projected to 

persist, an "air pollution episode" exists and the Governor 

declares an "alert". This initiates mandatory cutbacks of 

emissions from specified facilities to alleviate the situation. 

If the AQI were to surpass 300, 400 or 500, progressively 

greater cutbacks would be implemented to reduce pollutants to an 

acceptable level. 

The AQI trend shows that Ohio's air quality has improved 

significantly. Although alerts were commonplace in the early 

1970's, none have happened in over twenty years, and the number 

of health advisories has been greatly reduced. 
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119

AQI Chart

The accompanying table shows the AQI values for selected 

counties. It should be noted that the daily AQI values that are 

calculated and reported on a daily basis for cities in these 

counties may differ from those in the table. The daily AQI is 

based on a limited number of monitors (particularly PM10 and 

PM2.5). This table uses data from all Federal Reference Monitors 

in the county. From those data the highest AQI value is chosen 

for each day. 

The table gives a general representation of the relative air 

quality in these counties. There were no readings in the “very 

unhealthy” or "hazardous" category. 

TABLE 13 

Days in each category: 

County

Highest

AQI

Value Good Moderate Unhealthy for 

Sensitive

Groups

Unhealthy

Butler 106 291 72 2 0 

Clark 116 311 53 1 0 

Cuyahoga 114 271 91 3 0 

Franklin 106 288 74 3 0 

Hamilton 135 274 88 3 0 

Jefferson 111 297 67 1 0 

Lake 109 321 43 1 0 

Lawrence 106 314 49 2 0 

Lucas 92 307 58 0 0 

Mahoning 94 312 53 0 0 

Montgomery 100 315 50 0 0 

Stark 101 265 76 1 0 

Summit 100 308 57 0 0 

Trumbull 111 215 49 2 0 
Blank page 120 
VIII. MONITORING SITES 2006 
Blank Page 122 
123

Explanation of AQS codes: 

 The first column is the AQS number which consists of: 

 39-the state code 

 NNN-the county code, alphabetical, odd numbers only 

 NNNN-the site code 

The second column is the county in which the monitoring 

site is located 

The third column is a street address or city name 

The fourth column lists the pollutants monitored at 

the site. 

The main parameters monitored at sites are: 

PB Lead 

 PM10 Ten Micron Particulate Matter (PM10)

 LC25 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

 PM25C 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Continuous 

 PMSP 2.5 Micron Particulate Matter (PM2.

PT Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) 

5) Speciation 

O3 Ozone (O )3

 SO2 Sulfur Dioxide 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide 
124

Monitoring Network for 2006 

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) 

Number

39-001-0001 Adams 210 N. Wilson SO2, PM25C 

39-003-0002 Allen 2650 Bible Rd. O3, SO2 

39-003-0006 Allen 1314 Findlay Rd PM10

39-003-0007 Allen Rousch Rd. PM10

39-003-0008 Allen North St. PM10

39-007-1001 Ashtabula Conneaut O3, SO2 

39-009-0003 Athens Gifford State Forest LC25 

39-013-3002 Belmont E 40 St., Shadyside SO2

39-017-0003 Butler Bonita & St. John PM10, LC25 

39-017-0004 Butler Schuler & Bender O3, SO2 

39-017-0015 Butler 3901 Lefferson PM10, PB 

39-017-0016 Butler 400 Nilles Rd. LC25

39-017-1004 Butler Hook Field O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C, 

PMSP

39-023-0001 Clark 5171 Urbana Rd. O3

39-023-0003 Clark 5400 Spangler Rd. O3, SO2 

39-023-0005 Clark 350 N Fountain Ave. LC25, PM25C 

39-025-0022 Clermont 2400 Clermont Center Dr. O3, LC25, PM25C 

39-027-1002 Clinton 62 Laurel Dr., Career Cntr O3 

39-029-0019 Columbiana 1250 George St. PB

39-029-0020 Columbiana 2220 Michigan Ave PM10, PB 

39-029-0022 Columbiana 500 Maryland Ave. SO2, PM10, PB 

39-035-0027 Cuyahoga 2200 W 28th St. PM10, LC25 

39-035-0034 Cuyahoga 891 E 152 St. O3, LC25 

39-035-0038 Cuyahoga 2547 St. Tikhon Ave. PB, SO2, PM10, LC25, 

PMSP

39-035-0042 Cuyahoga 3136 Lorain PB

39-035-0045 Cuyahoga 45950 Broadway Ave. SO2, PM10, LC25 

39-035-0048 Cuyahoga 2026 E 9th St. CO

39-035-0049 Cuyahoga E 56th St. PB

39-035-0050 Cuyahoga Grant Rd. PB

39-035-0051 Cuyahoga E 9th & St. Clair CO

39-035-0053 Cuyahoga 4160 Pearl Rd. CO

39-035-0060 Cuyahoga E 14th & Orange NO2, SO2, PM10, LC25, 

PM25C, PMSP 

39-035-0061 Cuyahoga W 3rd St. PB

39-035-0064 Cuyahoga Berea O3

39-035-0065 Cuyahoga 4600 Harvard Ave. SO2, PM10, LC25 

39-035-0068 Cuyahoga 7629 Broadway PB

39-035-0069 Cuyahoga 7300 Superior Ave PB
125

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) 

Number

39-035-0070 Cuyahoga 13013 Cortlett Ave. CO, NO2 

39-035-1002 Cuyahoga 16900 Holland Rd. PM10, LC25 

39-035-5002 Cuyahoga 6116 Wilson Mills Rd. O3 

39-041-0002 Delaware 359 Main St. O3

39-049-0005 Franklin Morse & Karl Rds CO

39-049-0024 Franklin Ohio State Fairgrounds PM10, LC25 

39-049-0025 Franklin 580 Woodrow Ave. PB, LC25 

39-049-0028 Franklin 2521 Fairwood Ave. O3, PM25C 

39-049-0029 Franklin 7600 Fodor Rd., New Albany O3, PM25C 

39-049-0034 Franklin Korbel Ave. SO2, PM10 

39-049-0036 Franklin 122 S. Front St. CO

39-049-0037 Franklin 1777 E. Broad St. O3

39-049-0081 Franklin 5750 Maple Canyon Dr. O3, LC25, PMSP 

39-051-0001 Fulton 200 Van Buren St. PB

39-053-0002 Gallia Cheshire Town Hall SO2

39-055-0004 Geauga 13000 Auburn Rd. O3

39-057-0005 Greene 100 Dayton St. PM10, LC25, PM25C 

39-057-0006 Greene 541 Ledbetter Rd. O3

39-061-0006 Hamilton 11590 Grooms Rd. O3, LC25, PM25C 

39-061-0010 Hamilton 6950 Ribble Rd. O3, SO2 

39-061-0014 Hamilton 18 E Seymour PM10, LC25 

39-061-0021 Hamilton 100 E Fifth Ave. CO

39-061-0040 Hamilton 250 Wm. Howard Taft Rd. O3, NO2, PM10, LC25, 

PM25C, PMSP 

39-061-0042 Hamilton 2101 W Eighth St. LC25

39-061-0043 Hamilton 3254 Kemper Rd. LC25

39-061-5001 Hamilton 101 Cooper Ave PM10

39-061-7001 Hamilton 2059 Sherman Ave. LC25

39-061-8001 Hamilton 300 Murray Rd. LC25

39-063-0002 Hancock 9860 CR 313 PM10

39-063-0003 Hancock 9860 CR 313 PM10

39-063-0004 Hancock CR 144 PM10

39-081-0017 Jefferson 618 Logan O3, SO2, PM10, LC25, 

PM25C, PMSP 

39-081-1001 Jefferson Mingo Junction City Hall CO, PM10, LC25 

39-083-0002 Knox Water Plant, SR 314 O3

39-085-0003 Lake Jefferson Elementary School O3, SO2 

39-085-0006 Lake 8443 Mentor Ave. CO

39-085-1001 Lake IQ 325 Vine St. PM10

39-085-3002 Lake 71 E. High St. O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C 

39-087-0006 Lawrence 2120 S. 8th St. O3, SO2 

39-087-0010 Lawrence 2128 S. 9th St. PM10, LC25, PMSP 
126

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) 

Number

39-087-0011 Lawrence St Rt 775 & St Rt 141 O3 

39-089-0005 Licking 300 Licking View Dr., Heath O3 

39-089-0007 Licking 10843 Foundation Rd. PM10 

39-091-0003 Logan 1222 Superior Ave. PB

39-091-0005 Logan 1229 S. Main St. PB

39-091-0006 Logan 320 Richard Ave. PB

39-091-0007 Logan 1205 Superior Ave. PB

39-091-0008 Logan 1215 Greenwood St. PB

39-093-0016 Lorain 214 E 34th St. LC25

39-093-0018 Lorain 4706 Detroit Rd. O3

39-093-3002 Lorain 2180 Lake Breeze PM10, LC25, PM25C, PMSP 

39-095-0008 Lucas 600 Collins Ave, SO2

39-095-0024 Lucas 348 S Erie St. O3, SO2, LC25, PM25C 

39-095-0025 Lucas 600 Collins Park LC25

39-095-0026 Lucas 4208 Airport Highway LC25, PMSP 

39-095-0027 Lucas 200 S Byrne Rd., Waterville O3 

39-095-0034 Lucas 306 Yondota O3

39-095-0081 Lucas Friendship Park O3

39-097-0007 Madison 9940 SR 38 SW O3

39-099-0005 Mahoning Fire Station 7 PM10, LC25 

39-099-0006 Mahoning Fire Station 5 PM10

39-099-0013 Mahoning 345 Oakhill Ave. O3, SO2 

39-099-0014 Mahoning Oakhill LC25, PM25C, PMSP 

39-103-0003 Medina 6364 Deerview O3, LC25, PM25C 

39-105-1001 Meigs Mulberry Ave., Pomeroy SO2 

39-109-0005 Miami 3825 N SR 589, Castown O3 

39-113-0028 Montgomery 901 W Fairview Ave. CO

39-113-0031 Montgomery 1361 Huffman Ave. LC25, PM25C, PMSP 

39-113-0032 Montgomery 215 E. Third St. LC25

39-113-0033 Montgomery 1404 Webster St. O3

39-113-0034 Montgomery 117 South Main St. CO

39-113-7001 Montgomery 2728 Vicking Lane PM10

39-115-0003 Morgan 2600 SR 83, Hackney SO2

39-115-0004 Morgan SR 83 SO2

39-133-0002 Portage 531 Washington Ave. LC25

39-133-1001 Portage 1570 Ravenna Rd. O3

39-135-1001 Preble National Trails School O3, LC25, PM25C 

39-145-0013 Scioto 4862 Gallia St., SO2, PM10, LC25 

39-145-0019 Scioto 605 Washington St. PM10
127

AQS County Site Location Parameter(s) 

Number

39-151-0016 Stark Malone College O3

39-151-0017 Stark 1330 Dueber Ave LC25, PMSP 

39-151-0020 Stark 420 Market Ave. CO, LC25, PM25C 

39-151-0021 Stark 245 W 5th St., Brewster O3 

39-151-4005 Stark 1175 W Vine St., Alliance O3 

39-153-0017 Summit 80 Brittain Rd. SO2, LC25, PM25C 

39-153-0020 Summit 800 Patterson Ave O3, CO 

39-153-0022 Summit 177 S. Broadway CO, SO2 

39-153-0023 Summit 660 W Exchange St. LC25, PM25C 

39-155-0005 Trumbull 540 Laird Ave. SE Warren PM10 

39-155-0006 Trumbull 2323 Main Ave. SW PM10

39-155-0007 Trumbull 2609 Draper St. SE PM10, LC25, PM25C 

39-155-0009 Trumbull Community Hall, Kinsman O3 

39-155-0011 Trumbull Vienna O3

39-157-0006 Tuscarawas 527 Cresent St. SO2

39-165-0007 Warren 416 Southeast St. O3

39-167-0004 Washington 2000 Fourth St., Marietta O3 

39-167-0006 Washington Everready Battery Rd. PB, PM10 

39-167-0008 Washington Washington Career Center PB 

39-167-0009 Washington 2543 Blue Knob Rd. PB

39-173-0003 Wood 347 Dunbridge Rd. O3

39-175-0008 Wyandot East Noth St. PM10

39-175-0009 Wyandot Greer Rd. PM10
128

Acronyms and Abbreviations 

AA Atomic Absorption 

AIRS-AQS Aerometric Information Retrieval System-Air Quality 

Subsystem (no longer used) 

AQCR Air Quality Control Region 

AQI Air Quality Index (replaced Pollutant Standard Index, PSI) 

AQS Air Quality System (replaced AIRS-AQS) 

ATMP Air Toxics Monitoring Program 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

DAPC Division of Air Pollution Control 

DES Division of Environmental Services 

DO District Office 

EDT Exceptional Data Type 

FR Federal Register 

GC Gas Chromatograph or Gas Chromatography 

GC/MS Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 

LAA Local Air Agency 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard 

NADB National Aerometric Databank 

NAMS National Ambient Monitoring Station 

NO Nitric Oxide 

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide 

O3 Ozone 

OASN Ohio Air Sampling Network 

Org Type Organization Type 

Pb Lead 

POC Parameter Occurrence Code 

ppb parts per billion 

ppm parts per million 

PM10 also PM-10 ten micron particulate matter 

PM2.5 also PM-2.5 2.5 micron particulate matter 

PSI Pollutant Standard Index (replaced by Air Quality Index, 

AQI)

RADS Remote Ambient-Air Data System 

SLAMS State/Local Ambient Monitoring Station 

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide 

TO-14A Toxics analysis methods descriptions 

TSP Total Suspended Particulate 

VOC Volatile Organic Carbon 

g/m3

 also ug/m^3 micrograms per cubic meter 

mg/m3

 milligrams per cubic meter 

ng/m3

 nanograms per cubic meter 

# Obs Number of observations/samples 
129

Reporting Organizations 

Reporting

Organization

Code Agency Description 

0012 Akron Regional Air Pollution Control Agency 

0151 Canton City Health Department Air Pollution Control 

0220 City of Toledo, Environmental Services Division 

0229 Cleveland Air Pollution Control Agency 

0287 Dayton Regional Air Pollution Control Agency 

0443 Glacier Daido America 

0595 Lake County Health Department Division Air Pollution 

0634 Mahoning-Trumbull Air Pollution Control Agency 

0743 National Lime and Stone Company 

0805 Ohio EPA, Central District Office 

0806 Ohio EPA, Division of Environmental Services 

0807 Ohio EPA, Northeast District Office 

0808 Ohio EPA, Northwest District Office 

0809 Ohio EPA, Southeast District Office 

0810 Ohio EPA, Southwest District Office 

0880 Portsmouth City Health Department Division of Air Pollution 

Control

1217 Research Triangle Institute RTP, NC 

1259 Hamilton County Department of Environmental Services 

1265 Hanson Aggregates Midwest, Inc., OH 

1299 URSCorp, TX