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CERTIFICATION

| a)       | designed such disclosure controls      and procedures, or caused such disclosure   controls and procedures      to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information      relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is      made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the      period in which this quarterly report is being      prepared; |
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| b)       | designed such internal control      over financial reporting, or caused such   internal control over      financial reporting to be designed under our   supervision, to      provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial      reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external      purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting      principles. |
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| c)       | evaluated the effectiveness of the      issuer's disclosure controls and procedures   and presented in this      report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls      and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based      on such evaluation; and |
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| d)       | disclosed in this report any      change in the issuer's internal control over   financial reporting      that occurred during the issuer's most recent fiscal quarter (the issuer's      fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially      affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's      internal control over financial reporting;  and |
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5 .   The issuer's othercertifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation ofinternal control over financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and theaudit committee of issuer's board of directors (or persons performing theequivalent   functions): 

| a)       | all significant deficiencies and      material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over      financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the      issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial      information; and |
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| b)       | any fraud, whether or not      material, that involves management or other employees who have a      significant role in the issuer's internal control over financial      reporting. |
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