WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA

1999 EMISSIONS INVENTORY

FOR

PARTICULATE MATTER

July 2002

Prepared by:

Mr. Daniel lnouye

Washoe County District Health Department

Air Quality Management Division

P.O. Box 11130

Reno, Nevada 89520
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Air Quality Management Division of the Washoe County District Health Department wishes to

extend its appreciation to the following local agencies for their assistance in completing this

emission inventory:

Sierra Pacific Power Company

Union Pacific Railroad

City of Reno Building Department

City of Reno Fire Department

City of Sparks Building Department

City of Sparks Fire Department

Washoe County Building Department

Washoe County Department of Community Development

State of Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles and Public Safety

State of Nevada Department of Transportation

Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County

Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District

Washoe County Airport Authority
TABLE of CONTENTS

Section Page Number

1. Introduction 1-1

Emissions Summary 1-4

2. Point Sources 2-1

3. Stationary Area Sources

Industrial Processes 3-7

Concrete Production 3-9

Asphalt Processes 3-9

Construction 3-9

Incinerators 3-13

Commercial Charbroiling 3-13

Sand and Gravel Operations 3-14

Sand Blasting Operations 3-14

Gold Mining/Assay Labs 3-14

Gypsum Wallboard Manufacturing 3-15

Miscellaneous Industrial Processes 3-15

Fuel Combustion 3-16

Natural Gas, Fuel Oil, and LPG Combustion 3-18

Residential Solid Fuel Combustion 3-19

Miscellaneous Area Sources 3-22

Paved Streets 3-24

Unpaved Roads 3-26

Street Sanding 3-28

Fires 3-29

Wildf,res 3-30

Structure Fires 3-30

Automobile Fires 3-31

Fire Fighting Training Fires 3-31

Prescribed Burning 3-32

Refuse Fires 3-33

4. Non-Road Mobile Sources 4-1

Aircraft 4-6

Miscellaneous Vehicles/Equipment 4-7

Gasoline4-7

Diesel 4-9

Railroads 4-12
TABLE of CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page Number

5. On-Road Motor Vehicles 5~1

On-Road Diesel and Gasoline 5-3

Diesel Idling 5-7

6. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Policy Statement 6-1

Inventory Purpose 6-1

Program Summary 6-1

QA Planning 6-2

Data Collection and Analysis 6-6

Data Handling 6-7

Data Reporting 6-8

System Audits 6-8
LIST of TABLES

Table Page Number

1-1 1999 Washoe County Demographic Data 1-1

1-2 PM10 Emission Summary 1-5

1-3 Washoe County PM10 Non-Attainment Area; Top Ten PM10 Categories;

Ranked by Annual Contribution 1-7

3-1 Stationary Area Source Categories 3-2

3-2 Activity I Commodity Data Sources 3-3

3-3 Seasonal Estimation Procedures for Stationary Area Sources 3-5

3-4 Stationary Area Source Emission Summary 3-6

3-5 Construction Activity Emission Factors 3-10

3-6 Fuel Combustion SAF and Weekly Activity Data 3-18

3-7 Summary of Fuel Combustion Emissions 3-19

3-8 Solid Fuel Combustion Activity Data for a Typical Winter Season 3-20

3-9 Solid Fuel Burning Devices PM10 Emissions 3-20

3-10 Residential Solid Fuel Combustion Activity Data 3-21

3-11 Low ADT Roads; Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) 3-25

3-12 High ADT Roads: Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) 3-25

3-13 Paved Road PM10 Emissions 3-26

3-14 Miles of Unpaved Roads 3-26

3-15 Total Unpaved Road PM10 Emissions 3-28

3-16 Street Sanding PM10 Emissions 3-29

3-17 1999 Wildfire Activity Data 3-30

3-18 1999 Structure Fire Activity Data 3-31

3-19 1999 Automobile Fire Activity Data 3-31

3-20 1999 Fire Fighting Training Activity Data 3-32

3-21 1999 Prescribed Burning Activity Data 3-32

3-22 1999 Refuse Fire Activity Data 3-33

4-1 Non-Road Mobile Source Categories 4-2

4-2 Activity I Commodity Data Sources 4-3

4-3 Estimation Procedures for Non-Road Mobile Sources 4-3

4-4 Non-Road Màbile Source Emissions Summary 4-4

4-5 1999 Aircraft Activity Data and Emissions 4-6

4-6 1999 Diesel Railroad Locomotives Emissions 4-12

5-1 On-Road Mobile Source Emission Summary 5-1

5-2 On-Road Mobile PM10 Emissions by Facility 5-3

5-3 PART5 Mobile Particulate Emission Factors; PM10 -Washoe County 5-5

5-4 On-Road Vehicle Categories 5-6

6-1 Principles of the QC Program 6-5
LIST of FIGURES

Figure Page Number

1-1 State of Nevada 1-2

1-2 1999 PM10 NAA Annual Emissions 1-6

1-3 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Top 10 Categories 1-8

1-4 1999 PM10 NM Peak Season Emissions; Top 10 Categories 1-9

3-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Industrial Processes 3-8

3-2 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Fuel Combustion 3-17

3-3 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Miscellaneous Area Sources 3-23

4-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; Non-Road Mobile 4-5

5-1 1999 PM10 NM Annual Emissions; On-Road Mobile 5-2

6-1 Data Flow Chart 6-3

C.
SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

This emission inventory was compiled for all point and area sources within Washoe County and

specifically concentrates on particulate matter sources within the Truckee Meadows PM10 NonAttainment Area (NM). The boundaries of the NM are synonymous with the boundaries of the

Truckee Meadows hydrographic basin (hydrographic basin 87 as defined by the Nevada Division

of Water Resources). Figure 1-1 is a map of Nevada showing Washoe County and indicating the

NM in relation to Washoe County and the State.

Washoe County is located in the northwestern portion of Nevada. It is bordered by California on

the west and Oregon to the North. Within Nevada, Washoe County is bounded by Carson,

Storey, Lyon, Churchill, Pershing, and Humdboldt Counties. Washoe County encompasses a

land area of 6,608 square miles. The NM is located in the southern part of Washoe County and

is comprised of three governmental entities including two incorporated cities, Reno and Sparks,

and portions of unincorporated Washoe County.

Demographic data characterizing the three major governmental entities in Washoe County are

presented in Table 1-1. Data for the NM was approximated as closely as possible from the

available data.

TABLE 1-1

1999 Washoe County Demographic Data

City of City of PM10 Washoe

Demographic Parameter Reno Sparks NM County

Population 176,900 64,220 258,952 323,690

Land Area (square miles) 56 20 203 6,608

Number of Households 78,300 26,300 113,200 141,500

1999 PM10 Season Temp Range 50 —25 50-25 50-25 50-25

Mean Temp (°F) 35 35 35 35

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-1
FIGURE 1-1

State of Nevada

Legend: Truckee Meadows Basin

Non-Attainment Area for

Carbon Monoxide and

Particulate Matter

Idaho

Utah

Californ ía

Arizona

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-2
In past years, Washoe County and specifically the Twckee Meadows hydrographic basin has

exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO),

particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10), and ozone (03). Based on those exceedances,

the Twckee Meadows hydrographic basin is currently considered non-attainment for CO and

PM10, and the entire county is non-attainment for 03.

The CO NAA was classified as a moderate [< 12.7 ppm] non-attainment area. The last

exceedance of the CO NAAQS was recorded on December 13, 1991. The Washoe County Air

Quality Management Division (WCAQMD) is considering requesting to be redesignated to

attainment status for CO.

Washoe County was designated a Marginal 03 non-attainment area until June 5, 1998, when the

EPA revoked the 1-hour 03 NAAQS for our area and reclassified Washoe County as an

attainment area. On December 20, 2000, the EPA reinstated the 1-hour 03 NAAQS because the

proposed 8-hour NAAQS had been challenged in a U.S. Supreme Court case. Washoe County

has not exceeded the 1-hour 03 NAAQS since February 25, 1990, and has not currently or

historically exceeded the proposed 8-hour 03 NAAQS.

The PM10 NAA was originally •designated as a Moderate non-attainment area. However,

according to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, if a Moderate area did not attain

both the 24-hour and annual PM10 NAAQS by December 31, 1994, the area should be bumped up

to the designation of Serious non-attainment. The ambient air quality for the Truckee Meadows

did not meet the CAAA deadline. The EPA never acted by bumping the Truckee Meadows up to

a Serious PM10 non-attainment area..because they.realized that the regulations adopted for the

Moderate State Implementation Planwere improving the air quality.

In 2000, environmental groups sued the EPA for in-action. Consequently, the Truckee Meadows

was bumped up to. a Serious PM10 non-attainment area effective February 7, 2001. To further

support the bumping, the. Twckee Meadows exceeded the 24-hour NAAQS on January 6, 1999

as well as the annual NAAQS for 1999.

The emission year for this inventory is 1999. This is a new inventory, not an update of the 1988

PM10 Emission Inventory. The PM10 season was determined by reviewing the ambient air quality

data .between 1989 and 1999. The consecutive three-month period with the highest measured

PM10 levels was then determined for each year. The data show that during, each year the majority

of PM10 exceedances occurred during~ the months of November, December and January. Based

on this review, it is evident that the peak PM10 season occurs during the winter months.

The PM10 inventory described herein was the responsibility of the staff of the WCAQMD.

However, a number of local agencies were instrumental in compiling the activity data. The

Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County ran all necessary transportation planning

models to develop vehicle miles traveled (VMT), vehicle speeds, etc. The WCAQMD ran the

PART5 model to determine motor vehicle emission factors. Fire activity data were reported by the

three local fire agencies, the City of Reno Fire Department, the City of Sparks Fire Department,

and the Truckee Meadows Fire Protection District. Aircraft LTOs were reported by the Washoe

County Airport Authority. Railroad activity data were provided by Union Pacific Railroad. The

Washoe County Department of Community Development, the City of Reno Community

Development Department, and the City of Sparks Planning Department provided demographic

data such as population, number of housing units, etc.

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-3
Specific responsibilities within the inventory process were assigned in the following manner:

Point Sources, Stationary Area Sources, and Non-Road Mobile Sources:

Daniel lnouye

Air Quality Management Division

Washoe County District Health Department

(775) 784-7214

On-Road Mobile Sources:

Yann Ling

Air Quality Management Division

Washoe County District Health Department

(775) 784-7208

VMT and Facility Speed Estimates:

Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County

(775) 323-2800

EMISSIONS SUMMARY

A summary of the PM10 emission totals by source category for the NM~ and Washoe County as a

Whole:is given, in Table 1-2.. All values given in these tables and in subsequent tables are in

English units. A complete discussion regarding.how these values were determined will be given in

the following sections. The distribution of these emissions within the NAA by source category is

illustrated in Figure 1-2.

Section 2 discusses point sources. Section 3 describes the approach used to compile inventory

data for stationary aréa .sources. Section 4 discusses non-road mobile sources. The inventory

procedures used to determine on-road mobile source emissions are described in Section 5.

Finally, Section 6 will present the results of quality assurance efforts for the inventory process.

• Table 1-3 liststhe PM10. Categories’ ranked by percent annual contribution. Figures 1-3 and 1-4

graphically depict those percent concentrations annUally (tons/year) and on a typical peak season

PM10 day~(lbs/day), respectively. ‘The figures illustratethe difference in relative source contribution

between annual emissions, and peak ‘season typical PM10 day emissions.

Washoe County— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-4
TABLE 1-2

PM10 Emission Summary

PM10 NM County

SOURCE CATEGORY Annual Peak Season Annual Peak Season

(tons/year) (lbs/PM day) (tons/year) (lbs/PM day)

STATIONARY SOURCES

lndustiial Processes -

Concrete Production 96.2 616.3 96.4 618.1

Asphalt Production - 1.2 0.0 22.7 0.0

Construction-Residential 622.3 1,595.6 1,020.7 2,617.2

Construction-Commercial . .493.0 1,264.1 751.5 1,926.9

Incinerators 2.8 15.5 2.8 15.5

Charbroilers 38.9 213.9 48.7 267.4

Sand and Gravel Pits 22.5 57.8 119.0 305.2

Sand Blasting 12.5 80.3 13.3 85.3

Gold Mining/Assay Labs .10.3.. 66.1 35.1 225.1

Gypsum Wallboard Mfg. - 0.0. 0.0 33.8 216.6

Miscellaneous* . 1,037.1 231.7 1,485.3

Subtotal I ,46~1 .5 4,946.7 2,375.7 14,040.0

Fuel Combustion

Industilal/Commercial . . 29.4 238.1 35.5 286.8

Residential 23.5 . 183.7 . 35.0. 273.5

Wood Combustion 387.0 6,804.4 -566.0. 9,951.7

- Subtotal 439.9 7,226.2 636.5 10,512.0

Miscellaneous Area Sourc~s

Paved Streets 2,195.7 12,031.1 . 2,976.3 16,308.5

Unpaved Roads 93.8 515.4 10,094.9 55,466.5~~

Street Sanding 20.3 1,894.3 38.0 3,539.9

Wildfires 8.7 19.1 11.9 24.9

Structure Fires 5.0 30.8 5:6 . 35.3

Firefighting/Training 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Automobile Fires 3.1 16.9 3.5 19.1

Prescribed Burning 5.5 27.4 49.0 266.4

Refuse Fires OA 24 01 . 40

: Subtotal 2,332.5 14,537.4 13,180.0 75,664.7

MOBILE SOURCES

Non-Road

Aircraft 2.5 12.93 3.1 16.09

~ Non-Road Vehicles/Equip - 169.6 626.17 361.8 1,094.91

Railroads . 2.6 5 20.7 113.42

Subtotal 174.7 653.35 385.6 1,224.42

On-Road

Diesel - 116.2 586.0 159.1 803.1

Gasoline ~- 41.3 208.3~ 56.7 285.4

Diesel Idling ‘5.5 30.2 11.1 60.9

Subtotal 163.0 824.5 226.9 1,149.4

GRAND TOTAL 4,571.6 28,188.2 16,804.7 96,313.2

* Approximately 50% of the Industrial Processes - Miscellaneous annual emissions in the PM10 Non-Attainment Area are

attributed to SIC Code 2821, Plastics Materials, Synthetic Resins, and Nonvulcanizable Elastomers..

Washoe County— 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-5
Miscellaneous Area Sources

51.0%

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory

Non-Roa

3.8%

FIGURE 1-2

1999 PM10 NAA Annual Emissions
TABLE 1-3..

Washoe County PM10 Non-Attainment Area

‘~TopTen~PM10 Categories’

Ranked By Annual Contribution

ANNUAL PERCENT PEAK SEASON PERCENT

CATEGORY (TONS per YEAR) of TOTAL (LBS per DAY) of TOTAL

Payed Streets/Re-Entrained Dust 2,195.7 48.0 12,031.1 42.7

Construction 1,1153 24.4 2,859.7 10.1

Residential Wood Combustion 387.0 8.5 6,804.4 ?4~1

Stationary/Industrial Processes 346.2 7.6 2,087.0 7.4

Mobile Off-Road Vehicles 174.7 3.8 653.4 2~3

Mobile On-Road Vehicles 163.0 3.6 824.5 2.9

Unpaved Roads 93.8 2.1 515.4 1.8

Fuel Combustion 52.8 1.2 421.8 1.5

Fires 22.7 0.5 96.6 0.3

Street Sanding 20.3 0.4 1,894.3 6.7

Washoe County —1999 PM10 Inventory 1-7
COa)

>-

U)

C

0

I—

FIGURE 1-3

1999 PM10 NAA Annual Emissions

Top 10 Categories

Category

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-8
>..

Co

U

a)

Co

D

0

0~

FIGURE 1-4

1999 PM10 NAA Peak Season Emissions

Top 10 Categories

Category

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 1-9
SECTION 2

POINT SOURCES

Point sources are those facilities for which individual source records are maintained in an

emission inventory. For the purposes of the current inventory, EPA has designated 100 tons/year

for PM10 as the cutoff level for point sources in areas which are not serious PM10 non-attainment

areas. All sources above this cutoff could be inventoried as individual point sources. Sources

with emissions below this level may also be treated as point sources if the responsible agency

elects to do so.

Within Washoe County and the Truckee Meadows PM10 non-attainment area (NM), all point

sources with criteria pollutant emissions in excess of two pounds/day (0.37 tons/year) are tracked

through the Washoe County Air Quality Management Division’s (WCAQMD) permitting database.

The WCAQMD is confident that all of the larger sources of air pollution within the County are

registered. The WCAQMD coordinates with the business license departments of Reno, Sparks

and Washoe County to review new business applications to ascertain if the business needs an air

quality permit. Staff has also conducted door-to-door surveys in industrial areas to ensure we

have issued permits to all existing sources which need to be registered.

A search of this database was performed to determine which sources should be inventoried as

point sources. The complete list of the permitted general sources in Washoe County and their

1999 emissions is included in Appendix A. Currently, there is only one source emitting more than

100 tons/yr of PM10 in Washoe County, and this source is outside of the PM10 NM. Therefore,

the WCAQMD elected to treat all permitted sources as stationary area sources. The sources are

listed in Section 3 under the appropriate area source category, and the aggregate activity level for

the permitted sources was treated as a single area source rather than numerous point sources.

Washoe County — 1999 PM10 Inventory 2-1