FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC UIT MARCH 14, 2006 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 14024 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C . Do c k e tNo . 0 4 - 0 0 5 6 3 - C R - T - 2 3 - MAP U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s J U V E N C I O S A L I N A S C R U Z , a .k .a . J u v e n c io S lin a s C ru z , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe M i ddl e D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( M ar c h 14, 2006) B efo re C A RN E S , B A R K E T T an dP R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: J u v e n c io S a lin a s - C ru z ap p e a ls h is 1 3 5 - m o n th s e n te n c e f o rp o s s e s s io n w ith2

in te n t to d is tr ib u te 5 k ilo g r a m s o rm o r e o f c o c a in e w h ile ab o a r dav e s s e l s u b je c t to the U ni t e d S t a t e s ’ s j ur i s di c t i on, i n vi ol a t i on of 46 A pp. U . S . C . §§ 1903( a ) , ( g) ; 18 U . S . C . § 2; a nd 21 U . S . C . § 960( b) ( 1) ( B ) ( i i ) , a nd c ons pi r a c yt o pos s e s s w i th i nt e nt t o di s tr i but e 5 ki l ogr a m s orm or e of c oc a i ne w hi l e aboa r d ave s s e l s ubj e c tt o the U ni t ed S t at es ’ s j uri sdi ct i on , i n v i ol at i on of 46 A pp . U . S . C . §§ 19 03 (a ), (g), & (j ), a nd 21 U . S . C . § 960( b) ( 1) ( B ) ( i i ) . S a l i na s - C ruz f i r s ta r gue s tha the s houl d ha ve recei v ed a m i n o r-ro l e red u ct i o n p u rsu an tt o U . S . S . G . § 3 B 1 . 2 b ecau se h e w as l ess c u l p ab l e th a n th e o th e rm e m b e r s o f th e c o n s p i r a c y , a n db e c au s e U. S . S . G. § 2D 1. 1( a ) ( 3) i s de s i gne d t o puni s h c our i e r s of drugs l e s s ha r s hl ytha n buy e r s a nd s e lle r s . A c c o r d in g to S a lin a s - C ru z , U .S .S .G . § 2 D 1 .1 ( a ) ( 3 ) c h a lle n g e s th e v a lid ity of ou r rul i ng i n U ni t ed S t at es v. D e V ar on , 17 5 F . 3d 93 0 (11 th C i r. 19 99 ) ( en banc). S al i nas- C rus a l so cont ends thatthe di stri ctcourt ’ s s ent ence w as unr e a s onabl e . T he gove rnm e nta r gue s tha tw e l a c k j ur i s di c t i on t o c ons i de rthe re as on abl enes s of hi s s ent ence . I. A s apr e l i m i na ryi s s ue , D e V a r on i s s t i l l the gui di ng l a w i n thi s C i r c ui t , a nd w e ha ve r e pe a t e dl yuphe l d i t . S e e U ni t e d S t a t e s v. B oy d, 291 F . 3d 1274, 1276- 77 (11th C i r. 20 02 ). M oreover, the po rt i on of the se nt enci ng gu i del i nes t o w hi ch S al i nas- C ruz r ef

er s, U . S . S . G . § 2 D 1. 1(a) (3), re qu i re s adefe nd antt o fi rs tqu al i fy3

f o rami n o r - r o l e r e d u c t i o n . Se e U . S. S. G . § 2 D 1 . 1 ( a ) ( 3 ) , U . S. S. G . Su p p . A p p . C, Am e n d . 6 4 0 . As th e S e n t e n c i n g C o m m i s s i o n s p e c i f i c a l l ya d o p t e da n da f

f i rm e d De V ar o n ’s an alys is fo r q u alificatio n fo r a m in o r- ro le re d u ctio n , S alin as -C ru z’s a r g u m e n ts r e g a r d in g th e ap p lic a tio n o f th e g u id e lin e s a n dD e V a r o n a r e m e r itle s s . U .S .S .G ., A p p . C , A m e n d . 6 3 5 . W e have hel d thata di stri ctcourt ’ s det erm i nat i on of a def endant ’ s r ol e i n an offe nse i s afi nd i ng of fa ct , t o b e r evi ew ed for c l ear e rr or. D e V ar on , 17 5 F . 3d at 9 3 4 . T h e g u i d e l i n e s a l l o w ac o u rtt o d e c r e a s e ad e f e n d a n t ’ s o f

f e n s e l e v e l b ytwo p o i n t s i f th e c o u rtf

i n d s th e d e f

e n d a n twa s am i n o rp a rt i c i p a n t . U. S . S . G. § 3B 1. 2( b) . A de f

e nda ntw ho “ i s l e s s c ul pabl e tha n m os tothe rpa rt i c i pa nt s , but wh o s e r o l e c o u l dn o tb e d e s c r i b e da s m i n i m a l ” i s am i n o rp a rt i c i p a n t . U. S . S . G. § 3B 1. 2, c om m e nt . ( n. 5) . U nde rthe r e qui s i t e s t a nda r ds a rt i c ul a t e d i n D e V a r on, w e c anno tsay thatthe di stri ctcourtcl earl y e rr ed i n d enyi ng the do w nw ar d departure here . II. I n c o n s i d e r i n g S a l i n a s - C ru z ’ s r e a s o n ab l e n e s s a r g u m e n t , we f i r s tn o t e th a twe ha ve s ubj e c t - m a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on. S e e U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M a rt i ne z , N o. 05- 12706, sl i p o p. at99 9-10 00 (11th C i r. Jan. 9, 20 06 ). S ent ence s i m po se d u nd eran advi sory g u id e lin e s s y s te m a r e r e v ie w e df o ru n r e a s o n ab le n e s s . W ith r e g a r dto4

r e a s o n ab le n e s s , w e h a v e s ta te dth a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt m u s t f ir s t c o rr e c tlyc a lc u la te the de f e nda nt ’ s gui de l i ne r a nge , the n, us i ng the 18 U . S . C . § 3553( a ) s e nt e nc i ng f a c to r s , th e c o u rt c a n im p o s e am o r e s e v e r e o rm o r e le n ie n t s e n te n c e a s lo n g a s it is r e a s onabl e . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. C r a w f or d, 407 F . 3d 1174, 1179 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . T he § 3553( a ) f

a c t or s i nc l ude the a va i l abl e s e nt e nc e s , the appl i c abl e gui de l i ne r a nge and p ol i cyst at em ent s, the nature and ci rc um st ance s of the offens e, and the need f orthe s e nt e nc e t o ( 1) r e f l e c tthe s e r i ous ne s s of

the of f e ns e , pr om ot e r e s pe c tf

orthe la w , a n dp r o v id e ju s t p u n is h m e n t f o rth e o f f e n s e , ( 2 ) a f

f o r da d e q u a te d e te rr e n c e to c r i m i na l c onduc t , ( 3) pr ot e c tthe publ i c f r om f urthe rc r i m e s of

the de f e nda nt , a nd ( 4 ) p r o v id e th e d e f

e n d a n t w ith n e e d e dc o rr e c tio n a l tr e a tm e n t. 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) .

“ [N ] othi ng i n B oo ker or e l se w here re qu i re s the di stri ctcourtt o st at e on the re cord tha ti tha s e xpl i c i t l yc ons i de r e d e a c h of the § 3553( a ) f

a c t or s ort o di s c us s e a c h of the § 3 55 3(a) fa ct ors. ” U ni t ed S t at es v. S cott , 42 6 F . 3d 13 24 , 13 29 (11th C i r. 2 0 0 5 ) .

“ R e vi e w f

orr e a s onabl e ne s s i s de f e r e nt i a l . ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. T a l l e y , 431 F . 3d 784, 788 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . “ [ T ] he pa rtyw ho c ha l l e nge s the s e nt e nc e be a r s the bu rden of es t abl i shi ng thatthe se nt ence i s unrea sonabl e i n the l i gh tof bo th th[e] re cord and the fa ct ors i n sec t i on 35 53 (a ). ” I d. A se nt ence w i thi n the advi sory gui de l i ne s r a nge i s notpe rs e r e a s onabl e , buti s e xpe c t e d t o be r e a s onabl e . S e e i d.5

(“ w hen the di stri ctcourti m po se s ase nt ence w i thi n the advi soryG ui del i nes r ange, w e ordi nari l y w i l l expectthatchoi ce t o b e are as on abl e one. ”) . W e have hel d that ad is tr ic t c o u rt’s s ta te m e n t th a t it h a dc o n s id e r e dth e § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c to r s a lo n e is s uf f i c i e nti n pos t - B ooke rs e nt e nc e s t o i ndi c a t e tha ti tc ons i de r e d the f a c t or s , a nd concl ud ed thatthe defendant ’ s s ent ence w as re as on abl e bec ause the di stri ctcourt a c c ur a t e l yc a l c ul a t e d the gui de l i ne r a nge a nd the de f e nda nt ’ s s e nt e nc e a tthe l ow e n do f th e r a n g e r e f

le c te dth e c o u rt’s c o n s id e r a tio n o f h is e v id e n c e in m itig a tio n . S e e S c o tt, 4 2 6 F .3 da t 1 3 3 0 . I n thi s c a s e , the di s tr i c tc ourte xpl i c i t l ym e nt i one d the § 3553( a ) f a c t or s a nd a c c u r a te lyc a lc u la te dth e g u id e lin e r a n g e . A lth o u g h , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt n o te dth a t it b e lie v e dth e la r g e q u a n tityo f c o c a in e o n th e b o a t ju s tif ie dag u id e lin e s s e n te n c e , it s e n te n c e dS a lin a s - C ru z a t th e lo w e n do f th e g u id e lin e s r a n g e . B a s e d , u p o n th is r e c o r d , w e c a n n o t s a yth a t th e s e n te n c e im p o s e dw a s u n r e a s o n ab le . AF F I RME D.