# National NGCT, Units Built in Last 5 Years

2,100 

# l

2,000 

# i

:;: 1,900 

# 3: 1,800 

# :lE



# ..... @. 1,700 

# "' )K**~** 

# '" 

# "' " 0 

## 1,600 'in**~** 

# ·e 1,500
w 

# "' "' 1,400 0**~** l!) 

# 8 1,300 'i'i 

## 1,200 

# " c s:: <( 

## 1,100 1,000

900 

# 1,000 Gross C0 2 

## lb/MWh



## 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

11> 

## COD 

## 2008 !ll 

## COD 

## 2009 ''·COD 

## 2010 <Cl COD 

## 2011 lK COD 

## 2012



# 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total# of Potential Annual Compliance 

## 28 33 12 11 New Units in Respective Year 

## 17 Periods from 

## 2008-12 11 (100) 17 (100) 28 (100) 33 (100) 12 (100) New Units Above 

## 1,000 lb/MWh (%)



## 98 Total# of 

## 336 (98) Total Units* 

## 28 61 73 83 Potential Annual Compliance 

## 71 (97) 28 (100) 60 (98) 82 (99) 96 (98) Total Units Above 

## 1,000 lb/MWh (%) Periods above 

## 1,000 lb/MWh from 

## 2008-12 (%of 

## 343)
*shown cumulatively after 2008



# Data Source: Ventyx Velocity Suite 343

# National NGCC, Units Builtin Last 5 Years

1,700 

# ,,

# I 1,600 

# "'

# I 1,500 

# ::2 

# "j

# ~ I 1,400 

# 1**~** ! 

# E 1,300 0:: 

# "' "

# I 

# " 1,200**·~** 

# 'ij 0 

# 1

UJ 

## 1,100 

# J
l

### ~ 0 

## "'**~** 

## 1,000

N 

# 8 " 900 

# " "**~** 800

700

600 2007**~ ~** **~ ~**  

### $ 

## 1,000 Gross 

# CO,Ib/MWh

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
<!>COD 2008 !!I 

## COD 2009 _-,_COD 2010 0 COD 2011 >K 

## COD 2012

New Units in Respective Year



## New Units Above 1,000 lb/MWh (%)



## Total Units*

Total Units Above 1,000 lb/MWh (%) 

# 2008

11



## 2 (18)

11



## 2 (18) 2009



## 12

2 (17)

23

3 (13) 

# 2010

9

3 (33)

32

6 (19) 

# 2011

14

7 (50)

46

14 (30) 

# 2012

13 Total# of Potential Annual Compliance Periods from 2008-12 171

5 (38)

59

15 (25) Total II of Potential Annual Compliance Periods above 1,000 lb/MWh from 2008-12 (% 

## of171) 40 (23)

*shown cumulatively after 2008



# Data Source: Ventyx Velocity Suite

### Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) Phase Ill**Antl1ro~o9•mic** 

### CO,. Injection Field Test
Field Test Location and Amount/Sources 

### of C0 2 Anthropogenic Test Alabama Powe(s Plant 

### Barry

- 10o,aoa to 150,0oa !onnesof

C01per)'e<lr Coal-FiredPowerPlant (Commercial/Anthropogenic Soi.!FCe) 

### Primary Contacts
DOE/NETL ProjectManager Mr. Bruce Brown 

### bruce.brown@dOe.netl.gov Pri'nci'pallnvestigator 

### Mr. Kenneth J.**Nem~th South~m**  States 

### Energy Board neme!h@sseb.org Field Test Partners PrimarySponsots U.S. Deparlment of**Ener~y** Nalional 

### Energy Technology

Laboratory Southern States Enel!ly Board IndustrialPartnern**I•~•~I"'"".J•W.•J** AdVanced Resources lnterrratlonal Alabama 

### Power Denbury 

### Resources. Inc. Electric Power Research lns!ilule Geological SuNeY ofAlabama Southern Company Southern Naturul Gas AboutSECARB SECARB is one 

### ofseven Regional**C~rilon** Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) est!bllshed 

### by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2003. The seven partnerships**form~** national network of more than 400 organizations covering 43 states and four canadian provinces. The 

### SECARBprogram spans 13 states in the smttheastem United States and is li.inded 

### by DOE and <Ami-sharing p-ortners. 

## I Summary of Field Test Site and Operations

Past work by Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership's (SECARB) has identified that a series of thick, regionally extensive saline formations with high,quality seals exist within the Gulf Coastal Region. These saline formations have the potential 

### to hold large volumes of carbon dioxide (C02). One such formation, the Cretaceousage Paluxy**Forma~·on** 

### sandstone, is the taget for the SECARB Anthrcpogenic C(h storage test, 

### Figure 1. The Anthropogenic C02 

### storage field test is being performed in southwest Alabama near the town of Citronelle 

### in northern Mobile County. The C02 source for the lest is a newly constructed post-combustion C02 

### capture facility at Alabama Power's existing 2,657 MW 

### Barry Electric Generating Plant (Plant B::my). A small amount of flue gas from Plant Barry (equivalent 

### to the amount produced when generating 

### 25 MW 

### of electricity) will be diverted from the plant ar1d captured using a process developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to produce highly pure C02. Plant Barry is 

### a cool- and natural gas-fired electrical generation facility located in Bucks, Mobile County, Alabama, 

### Figure 2. (Alabama Power is asubsidiary of Southern Company.) The C02 

### storage site is located within the Citronelle Dome geologic structure. The Citronelle Dome, which provides secure four-way closure free of faults or fracture zones, is located approximately 15 

### kilometers west of Plant Barry. A 

### pipeline was constructed in 2011 to link the**CO~** 

### capture system with -the 

### Paluxy Formation, a major resenroir containing saline water {i.e. water that is teo deep and salty 

## tc senre as a drinking water supply). The Paluxy occurs at a depth of 3,000 to 3,400 meters. The Paluxy is overlain by multiple geolcgio confining units that sel\le as vertical flow barriers and will prevent C02 from escaping from the storage resel\lolr, Figure 1. 

### Three new wells will be drilled during the test; a resenroir characterization well, an observation/backup injection well, and a dedicated C02 injeclion well. The characterization well, the first deep well drilled at Citronelle since the 1980's, was 

### completed in January 2011 (Figure 3). 

### Modern ohareclerization data were collected on the injection zone, confining zones and the oil resenroir. The primary injection well was drilled in December 

### 2011 and the backup injectorwas drilled in January 

### 2012. In addition 

### to the new wells, the project will utllize several existing idle oilfield wells surrounding the C02 injection site to monitor injection operations and 

### to ensure public safety. Beginning in 2012, between 

### 100,000 and 150,000 metric tens per year 

### of**C~** 

### captured from the pilot facility at Plant Barry will be transported to the storage site. C02 injection will conflnuefor a period of two to three years. During the injection period, muiUple C02 

### monitoring technologies will be deployed 

### to track the 

### CO?. plume, to measure the pressure front, to understand C02 trapping mechanisms of the Paluxy saline formation, and 

### to monttor for potential leakage. Three years of posl-injeclicn monitoring are planned. Site closure is expected 

### to occur in 2017. The wells will ellher be plugged and abandoned per state regulations or repermitted for COt-enhanced oil recovery operations ln adeeper mineral formation. 2 Sootheast**Realom~l** C<J!bon SBquestraftor. Partnersl1ip Ft1ase 111 

### Anlhropogentc COl 

### Injection Field TestResearch Objectives \he purpose of the SEGARS Phase Ill project is 

### to test and demonstrate safe, secure C02 injection and storage in significant. regionally extensive saline reservoirs. Phase Ill will draw from and build on the Phase II sequestration "lessons learned" and will work to validate sequestration technologies of well design and integrily, monitoring protocols, injection operations as well as regulatory, permitting and outreach. The multi-partner collaborations developed during Phase I and II continued in Phase Ill.
In the Anthropogenic Test, the R&D objectives are to: 1) test the C02 flow, storage and COztrapping mechanisms of the Paluxy Formation; 2) evaluate injection and storage capacity of a major saline reservoir in the Gulf Coast; 3) evaluate the integration 

### of power plan! C02 capture, transportation, injection and long-term geologic storage; 4) understand how the saline reservoir's internal architecture (the interplay between the reservoir11ow units, seals and baffles) can be effectively used to maximize available C02 storage capacity and minimize the areal extent 

### of the C02 plume; 5) test commercially available, but not yet utilized, "off-the-shelf' and experimental COz monitoring technologies; and 6) evaluate the effect of anthropogenic**CO~** captured from a coal-fired power plant on the geochemistry of asaline reservoir.

3 ,**Soulhea~t** Regional Cartlon Sequeslrnlion Parlnanthip**Ph~se** Ill Anthrop"'Jsnic C01 lnjec!lon Field Test Summary of Monitoring and Modeling, Verification and Accounting (MVA) Efforts
The MilA strategy at the Anthropogenic Test is designed to test oommercially avallable "off-the-shelf' technologies in a manner not utilized before to better understand their performance and future application as listed in the table below. Table 1. MeasurementTechnologies 

### to be Deployed at the Anthropogenic Test.**~;;;;;;un.~entTeCh~lqmi** .._.· ._" . _**Mti~sure.;-i1t P~rametUts;**  - .•
- .. -.·**~ppr..,;,li_oil** -,-'·-. ·-. ·· · .:··**~-·:" --.-.-~**  Bollom-hole pressure Pressure transducers deployed down Key measurement for assessing the**reservoi~s.** ln[eclivily, 

# I hola near 

### lhe lnjeclion lntruval capacityandpressure i"eld 

# I**C:;Se~oleloiJ_g]ng** (pu!S'ed - '**:COHniiWat~r.satur~!iOns· COn!IIU~~lion**  bUIIiiiJft hearnSW.alid**Elxi~llng** wtilllibrois to: I 

# i**heuh'O~tapl~[el''** ' · " · · · '·**lh.o)ljtor~orleakag~abntJ;w,el\bor.~s,~nd;toco~~r-~·mo_?_el~;** 

# i ! Time-lapse crosswell and Change from baseline sonic velocity Dislribution ofC02 plume vertically and horizontally to monitor ' 

### I vertical seismic Imaging and amplih!de for**migra~on** out ofzone and to confirm resewoir models. 

## i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; Abo-ve-zone pre!lsufe**andff~id** · _Monilorfar changes liT pressure.and

. Monllorln-g for C02 baildlip_above_ lhe prlffiarji**Cbhftriin~-linit** j'Jleochamlcalmonito_ring.; ·**deeps~li[lewal~geochemlstry(l.e** ..·, '

.. , ·· ·- · " "

...,_, 

### j · · ,. -· · · ·**plifmataleo:nce~traU,ons)** 'I Tracers introducad In lhe C02 Measure tracer levels around area Monitorfor lhe presence of lracerbuildup near new and

stream oilfieldwells exlsllog wel\bores whioh WllUid suageslleakage ofvertical C02 I along the well annuli. I· Drinking_via\er aqu[/!ir MonitOr'!or,chailge"s_ln·a-viidei suite·Or" ·

### Moilltci~nii ol afea_ffllsfiWiili'lr

### :i.~ulleis for

### gaocheni_l~af j · _mannqring._.**~~~:n~~~:).O:e.p~.,alkal!~_l_ty,c_~Uons** 

### .. , , : changes·**relate~** to,shaiiOW_CCf.! llllk;l_g_e_o': :. .,:-:**'~-·-------'-~** Accomplishments to Date

A major geologic characterization effort was conducted on the injection reservoir and confining units using existing well and seismic data. Detailed maps of the Paluxy Reservoir sand unlts and multiple overlying confining unas were created. The Environmentallmpao! Statement prepared by the project to fulfill the requirements ofthe National Environmental Protection Act resulted in a Finding of No Significant Impact. The project team has secured minernls and surface rights for the C02storage test. The project's first characterization/observation well was drilled in December 2010-January 2011. Data from this well will be used to refine the geologic model. The Underground Injection Control permit :::pplication was submitted to the Alabama DEpartment of Environmentel Managementfor !he two injection wells in December 2010. Permits were issued in November 2011. In 2011, Denbury completed construction of a 12-mile pipeline to transport the C02 from Plant Barry to the injection well in the Citronelle oilfield. Injection well drilling began in December 2011, and the observation/backup injection well is being drilled in January 2012. Currently finalizing the Test Site risk assessment and evaluating mitigation strategies. Target Sink Storage Opportunities and Benefits to the Region
Gulf Coast Cretaceous-age formations are key components of alarger, regional group of similarformations, in terms of deposition and character, called the Gulf Coast Wedge. The wedge 

### ofsediments spans the entire SECARB region and includes the largest capacity saline sinks in the United Stales. C02 storage capacity estimates for the SEGARS Gulf Coast Wedge range from 850-11,700 billion metric gigatons 

### (Gt). In comparison, annual stationary point-source emissions of C02 for the region have been estimated to be 1.085 Gt Using the range of reported COz stora,ge capacities, the saline formations in the Gulf Coast Wedge 

### may have the capacity to accommodate these emissions for over 800 years.
Soulhe9s1**Re~ior.al C~rbon**  Sequesllaiion R'lrtnershlp Phase Ill An!hropogenio C01 lnjec'don FieldTwtDOE Share $76,981,260 69.10% Drilling Operations Begin

Total Value Injection Operations Begin 312012



### This material

### is based upon work supporledbythe U.S. DepartmentofEnergy NationalEnergy TechnologyLaboratory 

### under DE-FC26-04NT42590.

Version: January23, 2012

Southeast Regional Carbon sequeslr11tinn**~rtnership** PhEse Ill AnlhrcpogenicCOJ Injection Field Test

# N5Tl

Demonstration ofa Coal-Based Transport Gasifier
Background
Coal is an abundant and indigenous energy resource and currently supplies almost 38 percent of

### th" United States' electricpower. Demand for electricity,vital tothe nation's economy and global competitiveness, is projected to increase by almost 28 percent by 2040. 

### The continued use of coal is essential for providing an energy supply that supports sustainableeconomicgrowth. Unfortunately, nearly halfofthe nation's electric power generating infrastructure is more than 30 years old and in need of substantial refurbishment or replacement Additional capacity must also be put in serviceto keep pace with the nation's ever-growing demand for electricity. It is in the public interest to upgrade the nation's energy infrastructure with the latest and mostadwmced viable technologies to achieve greater efficiencies, environmental performance, and costcompetitiveness.
TheU.S. DepartmentofEnergy(DOE) Office ofFossil Energy, throughthe National Energy TechnologyLaboratory,is chargedwith theimplementation oftheDOE's Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPl}. The intent behind the CCPI is to leverage publicand private investment to secure low-cost energy production and protect the environment. The goal of this program is to demonstratea new generation ofinnovative coal-utilization technologies in a series of projects carried out across the country. These demonstrations are conducted ona commercialscaleto prove thetechnical feasibility ofthetechnologies andto proVIde technical and financial information for future applications.The U.S. Department ofEnergy awarded Southern Company Services a cooperative agreementunderthe CCPI Round 2 Programtoprovidedirectfinancial supportforthedevelopment<lnd deployment oftheTransport Integrated Gasification (TR]G'M) technologythatis being utilized bythe project. 

## Project Description
The Kemper County Project (Kemper County Energy Facility} is a lignite-fueled integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC} facility being constructed in Kemper County, Mississippi. The plant design incorporates the air-blown**TRIG'~** technology jointly developed by Southern Company, KBR, and DOE at the Power Systems Development Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. Mississippi Power Compomy (MPC), a Southern Company subsidiary,will own and operatethe plant. The facility will employ state-of-the-artemission controlsto produce electricityfrom lignite in an efficientand environmentally friendly manner and will also assist MPC in achieving key strategic objectives of fuel and geographical diversity, and cost stability, while providing a reliable economic resource to meetcustomer needs. 

## NATIONAL :NS,GY TSCHIIOI.DGY**LA~D,ATO'I:Y** Albany, OR • Anchorage,AK · Morgantown, WV • Pittsburgh, PA • Sugar Land, 1X Website: www.netl.doe.gov Customer Servi(e: 1-800-553-7681 

# the 5N5,CiY lab 

# PROJECT FACTi_ Clean Cnal PowerInitiative (CCPI2)
CONTACTS Michael Knaggs Director OffkeofMajor Demonslra.tlons National Energy Te<:hno[ogy Laboratory 3610Collins Ferry Road P.0.80J(88"0 Morgantown, WV**26507~08"80 304~**  285·4926 michael.knaggs@netl.doe.gov Diane**R~vay** Madden ProjectManager

. . . . NatiqfUII_Energy TechnqlogY_Labora19ry. 626 CochransMill Ro.ad P.a:·Box 

## lo94"o Pittsb1.1rgh,"PA 152a6-(1940 412-386-5931 "**d.i<ine.inadden@netl.doe~gov** · TinlPinkl;ton**P~rti~ipaniPr~je_ci:'Manager** ... Soythem Company·s.ervi0!5lnc; ·· 42._1nverness , . . . B!rmif1ghamiAL3524H809' 205-992-5042

### :~i~rcl>i®so.~t~~.rn·~o~o~··:

. . 

## PARTNERS 1\i)i:;.sis!IPPi. Po.werq>_mpany ··. KB)l, LLC 

# PROJE(TDURATION S:tattOa.t<r EndQate 01/30/2006 05/01/2018" 

# COST .Total PtojlictValue

·- $3;000,000,000* DOE/Non-DOE Share $270,0001000 I $2,800,000,00Q

'Note: Thecc•t obove lndude• •cepeIn which Dot Is not ponl<lpotlng in <o>l>hatlng undor the CCPI.



# @ENERGY Lignite reserves near the plant site owned by Mississippi Power Company and developed and mined by Liberty Fuels, a subsidiary ofNorth American Coal Corporation,willsupplythe feedstockfortheIGCC plantThe estimated nameplatecapacity ofthe plantwill be 830 MW with a peak net outputcapability of582 MW. The peak capacity of582 MW occurs when using syngas in the combustion turbine coupled with natural gas firing intheheatrecovery steam generatorductburners. During syngas-onlyoperations,the plantwill achievea netgenerating capacity of 524 MW and a heat rate of 12,150 Btu/kWh. The facility will employ advanced emissions control equipment to producemarketable byproducts ofammonia, sulfuric add,and carbon dioxide. Over 65 percent ofthe carbon dioxide will be captured, makingthe Kemper County Energy Facility's carbon emissions comparable to a natural gas-fired combined cyde power plant. The commercial operation date of the Kemper County IGCC plant will be May 2014.
The estimated 3 million metric tons of C02 peryear captured from the Kemper County Energy Facility gasification process will be transported via pipeline to two off takers for use in enhanced oil recovery operations at depleted oil production fields in MississippL 

## Goals/Objectives
The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the operation ofa commercial-scale, air-blown tramportgasifier technology and integrate it with a combined-cycle island. Other objectives of the project include (1) operating an advanced syngas deanup systemthatincludes sulfur removal and recovery; high temperature, high-pressure particulate filtration; and ammonia recovery and mercury removal; (2) demonstrating high availability, high thermal efficiency, low cost, and low emissions of the IGCC in commercial operating mode; and (3) operating an integrated C0 capture 2 and compression system with the intent to capture and geologically sequester 65 percent of the C0 via enhanced 2 oll recovery. 

## Benefits
The TRIGTM technology offers a simpler and more robust method for generating powerfrom low-rank coal than other alternatives.ltis unique among coal gasification technologies in thatitis cost-effectivewhen using both low rank coals and coals with high moisture or ash content. These coals make up half of the proved reserves in the U.S. and throughout the world. Moreover, the transport gasifieris capable of both air· and oxygen-blown operation. This inherent flexibility will allow future applications ofthis technology to be readily adaptedto otherapplications beyond powergeneration, such
as the production of chemicals used in industrial operations. Moreover, the inclusion of C0 control as part ofthe project 1 is critical to the future deployment of coal-based power generation in boththe United States andtheworld. Installation of**adv~nced** power generation facilities is**~n** important part ofthe strategyto become energy independent.



### · ..**:·.?~"~<i·.** 

# iN5liTL


# , ...

____**,~**

Aerial Viewof KemperCountyEnergyFadHty(December2012}

NT42391,M""'h20l3