# Patent

## Title
Intake manifold with integrated canister circuit for a supercharged internal combustion engine

## Abstract

An intake manifold with integrated canister circuit for a supercharged internal combustion engine provided with: a tubular body in which a plenum is defined; a sorting chamber obtained in a wall of the tubular body; a canister solenoid valve arranged in the sorting chamber and is adapted to adjust the introduction of gasoline vapours into the sorting chamber; a first pipe, which is obtained in the wall of the tubular body, puts the sorting chamber into communication with the plenum, and defines a first branch of a recovery pipe; a second pipe, which is obtained in the wall of the tubular body and defines an initial portion of a second branch of the recovery pipe; a first one-way valve which allows, through the first pipe, only a flow towards the plenum; a second one-way valve which allows, through the second pipe, only a flow through the intake pipe.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an intake manifold with integrated canister circuit for a supercharged internal combustion engine.
BACKGROUND ART
An internal combustion engine is provided with a canister circuit, which has the function of recovering the fuel vapours which are produced in the fuel tank and of introducing such fuel vapours into the cylinders in order to be burnt; this prevents the fuel vapours which are produced in the fuel tank from leaking from the fuel tank (specifically when the fuel filler cap is opened for refueling) and being freely dispersed into the atmosphere.
In an aspirated internal combustion engine (i.e. without supercharging), the canister circuit comprises a recovery pipe which originates in the fuel tank and ends in the intake manifold plenum and is adjusted by a canister solenoid valve of the on/off type. Atmospheric pressure is essentially present inside the fuel tank, while a slight vacuum is present in the intake manifold plenum determined by the intake action generated by the cylinders; consequently, when the canister solenoid valve is open, the gasoline vapours are naturally sucked down along the recovery pipe from the fuel tank into the intake manifold plenum.
A supercharged internal combustion engine is provided with a turbocharger (either a turbocharger actuated by the exhaust gases or a volumetric turbocharger actuated by the drive shaft) which in some moments compresses the aspirated air in order to increase the volumetric efficiency. By effect of the action of the turbocharger in a supercharged internal combustion engine, in the intake manifold plenum there may be either a slight vacuum determined by the intake action generated by the cylinders (turbocharger not running) or an overpressure determined by the compression action of the turbocharger (turbocharger running). Consequently, in a supercharged internal combustion engine, the canister circuit is more complex because, downstream of the canister solenoid valve, the recovery pipe has a fork adjusted by a one-way membrane valve; one branch of the recovery pipe fork leads to the intake manifold plenum, while the other branch of the recovery pipe fork leads to an intake manifold upstream of the turbocharger. When the turbocharger is not running, there is a slight vacuum determined by the aspiration action of the cylinders in the intake manifold plenum, while there is atmospheric pressure in the intake pipe upstream of the compressor; in this situation, the one-way membrane valve allows the gasoline vapours to enter the intake manifold plenum directly. When the compressor is running, there is an overpressure determined by the compression action of the compressor in the intake manifold plenum, while there is a vacuum determined by the intake action of the compressor in the intake pipe upstream of the compressor; in this situation, the one-way membrane valve allows the gasoline vapours to enter the intake pipe upstream of the compressor.
By effect of the presence of the fork in the recovery pipe and of the one-way membrane valve, the canister circuit of a supercharged internal combustion engine has various external components (tubings and pipe fittings) and is relatively complex and extended; consequently, the assembly of the canister circuit of a supercharged internal combustion engine takes a relatively long assembly time and thus determines a non-negligible assembly cost.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
It is the object of the present invention to make an intake manifold with integrated canister circuit for a supercharged internal combustion engine, such an intake manifold with integrated canister circuit being free from the above-described drawbacks, being easy and cost-effective to manufacture, having a small number of components and being simple to assemble.
According to the present invention an intake manifold with integrated canister circuit for a supercharged internal combustion engine is made as claimed in the attached claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a non-limitative embodiment thereof, in which:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows an internal combustion engine supercharged by a turbocharger and provided with an intake manifold with integrated canister circuit made according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view with parts removed for clarity of the intake manifold in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along the line III-III of the intake manifold in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged scale view of the one-way membrane valves in FIG. 3.



PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1, numeral 1 indicates as a whole an internal combustion engine supercharged by a turbocharger supercharging system 2.
The internal combustion engine 1 comprises four cylinders 3, each of which is connected to an intake manifold 4 by means of at least one corresponding intake valve (not shown) and to an exhaust manifold 5 by means of at least one corresponding exhaust valve (not shown). The intake manifold 4 receives fresh air (i.e. air coming from the external environment) through an intake pipe 6, which is provided with an air filter 7 and is adjusted by a butterfly valve 8. An intercooler 9 for cooling the aspirated air is arranged along the intake pipe 6. To the exhaust manifold 5 there is connected an exhaust pipe 10 which feeds the exhaust gases produced by the combustion to an exhaust system, which emits the gases produced by the combustion into the atmosphere and normally comprises at least one catalyzer 11 and at least one muffler (not shown) arranged downstream of the catalyzer 11.
The supercharging system 2 of the internal combustion engine 1 comprises a turbocharger 12 provided with a turbine 13, which is arranged along the exhaust pipe 10 in order to rotate at high speed under the action of the exhaust gases expelled from the cylinders 3, and a compressor 14, which is arranged along the intake pipe 6 and is mechanically connected to the turbine 13 in order to be rotationally pulled by the turbine 13 itself and thus to increase the pressure of the air fed into the intake pipe 6.
Along the exhaust pipe 10 a bypass pipe 15 is provided, which is connected in parallel to the turbine 13 so as to have the ends thereof connected upstream and downstream of the turbine 13 itself; along the bypass pipe 15 a wastegate valve 16 is arranged, which is adapted to adjust the flow rate of the exhaust gases which flow through the bypass pipe 15 and is driven by an actuator 17. Along the intake pipe 6 a bypass pipe 18 is provided, which is connected in parallel to the compressor 14 so as to have the ends thereof connected upstream and downstream of the compressor 14 itself; along the bypass pipe 18 a Poff valve 19 is arranged, which is adapted to adjust the flow rate of air which flows through the bypass pipe 18 and is driven by an actuator 20.
The internal combustion engine 1 is controlled by an electronic control unit 21, which supervises the operation of all the components of the internal combustion engine 1.
Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 1 comprises a canister circuit 22, which has the function of recovering the fuel vapours which are produced in a fuel tank 23 and of introducing such fuel vapours into the cylinders 3 in order to be burnt; this prevents the fuel vapours which are produced in the fuel tank 23 from leaking from the fuel tank 23 (specifically when the fuel filler cap is opened for refueling) and being freely dispersed into the atmosphere.
The canister circuit 22 comprises a recovery pipe 24 which originates in the fuel tank 23 and ends in a plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4 and is controlled by a canister solenoid valve 26 of the on/off type.
Downstream of the canister solenoid valve 26 the recovery pipe 24 presents a fork adjusted by a one-way membrane valve 27a and by a one-way membrane valve 27b; a branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24 leads to the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4, while the other branch 29 of the recovery pipe 24 leads to the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12. The one-way membrane valve 27a is coupled to the entrance of the branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24 in order to allow only a gas flow towards the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4; on the other hand, the one-way membrane valve 27b is coupled to the entrance of the branch 29 of the recovery pipe 24 in order to allow only a gas flow towards the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12.
In the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4 there may be either a slight vacuum determined by the intake action generated by the cylinders (turbocharger 12 not running) or an overpressure determined by the compression action of the turbocharger 12 (turbocharger 12 running). When the turbocharger 12 is not running, there is a slight vacuum determined by the intake action generated by the cylinders in the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4, while there is atmospheric pressure in the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12; in this situation the one-way membrane valve 27a opens the branch 28 of the fork of the recovery pipe 24 and, therefore, allows the gasoline vapours to enter directly the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4 through the branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24, while the one-way membrane valve 27b closes the branch 29 of the fork of the recovery pipe 24 and, therefore, does not allow the air in the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12 to be sucked inside the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4.
When the turbocharger 12 is running, there is an overpressure determined by the compression action of the turbocharger 12 in the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4, while there is a vacuum determined by the intake action of the turbocharger 12 in the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12; in this situation the one-way membrane valve 27a closes the branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24, while the one-way membrane valve 27b opens and, therefore, the gasoline vapours enter the intake pipe 6 upstream of the turbocharger 12 through the branch 29 of the recovery pipe 24, while the air in overpressure inside the plenum 25 of the intake manifold 4 cannot go out through the branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24.
As shown in FIG. 2, the intake manifold 4 comprises a tubular body 30 which is normally made of molded plastic material in which the plenum 25 is defined, which has an inlet opening 31 connected to the intake pipe 6 by means of the butterfly valve 8 and a number of outlet openings 32 (only two of which are shown in FIG. 2) towards the cylinders 3.
As shown in FIG. 3, in a wall 33 of the tubular body 30 there is obtained a sorting chamber 34, which displays a tubular cylindrical shape and has an open upper end 35; specifically, the sorting chamber 34 has a longitudinal symmetry axis 36 and is delimited by a circular base wall 37 at the lower end thereof and laterally delimited by a cylindrical side wall 38. The canister solenoid valve 26 closing the open upper end 35 is arranged in an upper portion of the sorting chamber 34; in this manner, the canister solenoid valve 26 adjusts the introduction of gasoline vapours coming from the fuel tank 23 into the sorting chamber 34 itself.
In the wall 33 of the tubular body 30, a pipe 39 is obtained, which puts the sorting chamber 34 into communication with the plenum 25 and defines the branch 28 of the recovery pipe 24; specifically, the pipe 39 is axially arranged and obtained through the base wall 37 of the sorting chamber 34. The one-way membrane valve 27a is arranged in the sorting chamber 34 at the pipe 39 to allow only a flow towards the plenum 25 through the pipe 39 itself.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, in the wall 33 of the tubular body, a pipe 40 is obtained, which puts the sorting chamber 34 into communication with the intake pipe 6 upstream of the compressor 14 and defines an initial portion of the branch 29 of the recovery pipe 24; specifically, the pipe 40 is radially arranged and is obtained through the side wall 38 of the sorting chamber 34.
The one-way membrane valve 27b is arranged in the sorting chamber 34 in correspondence of the entrance of the pipe 40 to allow, through the pipe 40 itself, only a flow towards the turbocharger 12.
An end portion of the branch 29 of the recovery pipe 24 is defined by a flexible tube 41 which has one end terminating in the intake pipe 6 upstream of the compressor 14 and one opposite end engaged into the pipe 40; specifically, the pipe 40 ends with a tubular pipe 42 which protrudes from the wall 33 of the tubular body 30 and is adapted to be tightly engaged within the flexible tube 41.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pipe 39 consists of a number of axial through holes 43 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 4) which are obtained through the base wall 37 and are distributed about the longitudinal symmetry axis 36.
The pipe 40 consists of a chamber 45 which is arranged downstream of the one-way valve 27b and collects the gasoline vapours which subsequently flow together into the tubular pipe 42.
The one-way valve 27a comprises a ring-shaped flexible membrane 46 with a reduced thickness which is arranged over the axial through holes 43 of the pipe 39; the one-way valve 27b comprises a ring-shaped flexible membrane 47 with a reduced thickness which is arranged in correspondence of the pipe 40 over the chamber 45. The one-way valves 27a and 27b comprise a common retaining element 48 which is driven into the sorting chamber 34 in correspondence of an end of the sorting chamber 34 itself in order to keep the two flexible membranes 46 and 47 in position. The retaining element 48 presents the shape of a cylinder having a plurality of axial through holes 49 which lead in correspondence of the pipe 39. Moreover, the retaining element 48 has a plurality of radial holes 50 which intercept a corresponding axial through hole 49 and lead in correspondence of the chamber 45 of the pipe 40.
According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the retaining element 34 has a central pin 51 which engages a central hole 52 of the flexible membrane 46 so as to keep the flexible membrane 46 locked and avoid radial movements of the flexible membrane 46 itself. The flexible membrane 46 is inserted in the sorting chamber 34 and then locked in the central pin 51 and subsequently the retaining element 48 is driven into the sorting chamber 34 over the flexible membrane 46.
Moreover, the retaining element 48 presents a central pin 53 which engages a central hole 54 of the flexible membrane 47; in this way the flexible membrane 47 is coupled to the retaining element 48 by being locked in the central pin 53 and, subsequently, the retaining element 48 together with the flexible membrane 47 are driven into the sorting chamber 34.
According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the central pins 51, 53 which engages the central holes 52, 54 of the flexible membranes 46, 47 are carried respectively by the base wall 37 and by the lateral wall 38 of the sorting chamber 34. In this embodiment, the flexible membranes 46, 47 are inserted in the sorting chamber 34 and then locked in the central pins 51, 53 and subsequently the retaining element 48 is driven into the sorting chamber 34 over the flexible membrane 46, 47.
The above-described intake manifold 4 with the integrated canister circuit 22 displays many advantages, because it is simple and cost-effective to implement, quick to assemble and at the same time is also particularly tough. Specifically, assembly is particularly quick because the number of components is reduced to the minimum and above all the installation of a single flexible tube is required (the flexible tube 41 which ends in the intake pipe 6 upstream of the compressor 14); indeed, the installation of a flexible tube in an internal combustion engine is particularly long-lasting and complex because such flexible tubes display a non-negligible rigidity (i.e. they are relatively little flexible to have good mechanical resistance and thus long operational life) and are thus difficult to bend in order to follow the irregular shapes of the internal combustion engine 1.
Moreover, the insertion of the one-way valves 27a and 27b allows to obtain a controlled flow of gasoline vapours from the sorting chamber 34. Indeed, the flexible membrane 46 of the one-way valve 27a allows to guarantee that the flow of gasoline vapours is always directed from the sorting chamber 34 to the plenum 25 and never vice versa, while flexible membrane 47 of the one-way valve 27b allows to guarantee that the flow of gasoline vapours is always directed from the sorting chamber 34 to the intake pipe 6 upstream of the compressor 14 and never vice versa.

## Claims

1. Intake manifold (4) with integrated canister circuit (22) for a supercharged internal combustion engine (1) provided with a compressor (14) adapted to compress the intake air; the intake manifold (4) comprises:
a tubular body (30) in which a plenum (25) is defined, which presents an inlet opening (31) connected to an intake pipe (6) along which the compressor (14) is arranged and a number of outlet openings (32) towards the cylinders (3) of the internal combustion engine (1);
a sorting chamber (34), which is obtained in a wall (33) of the tubular body (30) and presents an open upper end (35);
a canister solenoid valve (26), which is arranged in the sorting chamber (34) to close the open upper end (35) and is adapted to adjust the introduction of gasoline vapours coming from a fuel tank (23) inside the sorting chamber (34) itself;
a first pipe (39), which is obtained in the wall (33) of the tubular body (30), puts the sorting chamber (34) into communication with the plenum (25), and defines a first branch (28) of a recovery pipe (24);
a second pipe (40), which is obtained in the wall (33) of the tubular body (30), puts the sorting chamber (34) into communication with the intake pipe (6) upstream of the compressor (14), and defines an initial portion of a second branch (29) of the recovery pipe (24);
a first one-way valve (27a), which is arranged in the sorting chamber (34) in correspondence of the first pipe (39) and allows only a flow towards the plenum (25) through the first pipe (39);
a second one-way valve (27b), which is arranged in the sorting chamber (34) in correspondence of the second pipe (40) and allows only a flow towards the intake pipe (6) through the second pipe (40).

2. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 1, wherein:
the first one-way valve (27a) comprises a first flexible membrane (46) which is arranged over the first pipe (39);
the second one-way valve (27b) comprises a second flexible membrane (47) which is arranged over the second pipe (40);
the two one-way valves (27a, 27b) comprise a common retaining element (48) which is driven into the sorting chamber (34) in order to keep the two flexible membranes (46, 47) in position.

3. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 2, wherein the sorting chamber (34) has a tubular cylindrical shape presenting a longitudinal symmetry axis (36); the first pipe (39) is obtained through a first wall (37) of the sorting chamber (34), while the second pipe (40) is obtained through a second wall (38) of the sorting chamber (34), so that they are arranged perpendicularly to each other.

4. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the first wall (37) is a base wall of the sorting chamber (34), so that the first pipe (39) is arranged axially; the second wall (38) is a side cylindrical wall of the sorting chamber (34), so that the second pipe (40) is arranged radially.

5. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the first pipe (39) consists of at least one axial through hole (43) which is obtained through the first wall (37).

6. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 5, wherein the first pipe (39) consists of a plurality of axial through holes (43) which are distributed around the longitudinal symmetry axis (36).

7. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 6, wherein the retaining element (48) is cylinder-shaped and has a plurality of axial through holes (49) which lead to the axial through holes (43) of the first pipe (39).

8. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the second pipe (40) comprises a chamber (45) delimited by the second wall (38) and arranged downstream of the second flexible membrane (47) of the second one-way valve (27b).

9. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 7, wherein the retaining element (46) has at least one radial hole (50) which intercepts a corresponding axial through hole (49) and leads in correspondence of the second pipe (40).

10. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the first flexible membrane (46) is ring-shaped and presents a first central hole (52) and the retaining element (48) presents a first a central pin (51) which engages the first central hole (52).

11. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the second flexible membrane (47) is ring-shaped and presents a second central hole (54) and the retaining element (48) presents a second a central pin (53) which engages the second central hole (54).

12. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the first flexible membrane (46) is ring-shaped and presents a first central hole (52) and the first wall (37) of the sorting chamber (34) presents a first central pin (51) which engages the first central hole (52).

13. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 3, wherein the second flexible membrane (47) is ring-shaped and presents a second central hole (54) and the second wall (38) of the sorting chamber (34) presents a second a central pin (53) which engages the second central hole (54).

14. Intake manifold (4) according to claim 1, wherein the second pipe (40) ends with a tubular pipe (42) which protrudes from the wall (33) of the tubular body (30) and is adapted to be coupled to a flexible tube (41) ending in the intake pipe (6) upstream of the compressor (14).