If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to 

revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

UNPUBLISHED

In re TIMMONS/GOLLON, Minors. March 14, 2024

No. 367659

Berrien Circuit Court

Family Division

LC No. 2021-000059-NA

Before: SWARTZLE, P.J., and REDFORD and YATES, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Respondent-mother appeals of right the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights 

to her two minor children, RT and WG, under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) (conditions of adjudication 

continue to exist), and (j) (reasonable likelihood that children will be harmed if returned to parent). 

Respondent-mother contends the trial court erred in finding that termination was in the children’s 

best interests. We affirm.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

This case began after respondent-mother gave birth to her son, WG, on October 21, 2021. 

When he was born, WG tested positive for morphine, codeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 

and methadone metabolite. Respondent-mother admitted to the hospital staff that she had used 

methamphetamine, heroin, and opiates while she was pregnant with WG and that she had received 

limited prenatal care. WG went through withdrawal during his first few days in the hospital.

A Children’s Protective Services (CPS) worker visited respondent-mother’s house and saw

cockroaches in the residence. Respondent-mother lived with her sister, Mandy Herrington, whose 

children were removed from her care due to extreme neglect. The CPS worker contacted a teacher, 

Michelle Horvatch, at Moccasin Elementary School where respondent-mother’s nine-year-old son, 

RT, attended school. Horvatch commented that there were concerns about RT’s reading level, his

inability to focus, his failure to complete homework assignments, and his hygiene and body odor. 

RT and WG were both removed from respondent-mother’s home and placed together with a foster 

family. After the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) took custody of the children, 

a foster-care worker found out that RT had seen respondent-mother and others taking drugs in the 
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home, and RT had been severely physically and emotionally abused by respondent-mother as well 

as her relatives and her boyfriend.

Respondent-mother enrolled in substance-abuse treatment and counseling at InterCare in 

Eau Claire and agreed to stop using illegal substances. Respondent-mother attended her parentingtime sessions, and the foster-care worker had no concerns about her parenting skills. Nevertheless, 

respondent-mother agreed to participate in a parenting class through the Berrien County Health 

Department. Respondent-mother also stated that she had had some prior involvement with CPS 

in 2012, but she did not remember the reason for that involvement.

On December 29, 2021, the trial court held a dispositional hearing at which the foster-care 

worker testified that respondent-mother had a negative drug test on December 20, 2021, but four 

or five other tests were positive for buprenorphine and fentanyl. Additionally, respondent-mother 

had good communication with the foster-care worker, she had not missed any parenting-time visits 

with her children, and she was employed as a home healthcare worker. On November 30, 2022, 

respondent-mother was terminated unsuccessfully from counseling services because she was not 

attending sessions and her therapist could not reach her. Respondent-mother also did not attend a 

hearing that day where the trial court ordered the DHHS to file a petition to terminate her parental 

rights. Those events followed a stream of positive drug tests and a drop-off in respondent-mother’s 

attendance at parenting visits. Respondent-mother was absent for several months and RT became 

very depressed. Even RT’s therapist encouraged termination to protect RT’s mental health.

On March 29, 2023, the DHHS filed a petition to terminate respondent-mother’s parental 

rights. That petition alleged respondent-mother had not found safe or suitable housing, she did not 

have a reliable source of income, and she did not submit to regular drug testing. On May 17, 2023,

the trial court held a termination hearing. Then the trial court rendered its decision from the bench 

on June 28, 2023, finding that termination of respondent-mother’s parental rights was warranted

because, under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), 182 days or more elapsed since the initial dispositional 

order, and the court found, by clear and convincing evidence, that the conditions that led to the 

adjudication continued to exist and that there was no reasonable likelihood that the conditions 

would be rectified in a reasonable time given the ages of the children.

Despite efforts by petitioner, nonetheless, respondent-mother minimally and sporadically 

cooperated with the DHHS, failed to complete any goals successfully, and repeatedly tested 

positive for illegal drugs despite extensive services offered to her. The trial court also found that, 

under MCL 712A.19b(3)(j), respondent-mother failed to make the changes needed to be able to 

properly care for her children. The trial court found the children would be harmed if they were 

returned to respondent-mother’s care because of her continued drug use, her instability, her lack 

of appropriate parenting skills, and because she showed no signs that those conditions would

change.

Turning to the best interests of the children, the trial court found they needed permanency, 

consistency, stability, and a parent willing to take responsibility for providing for their needs, but 

respondent-mother was unable to provide that to them. Although she had a bond with the children, 

it was not significant enough to prevent termination of her parental rights. Consequently, the trial 

court found that termination of respondent-mother’s parental rights was in the best interests of RT 
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and WG, so the trial court entered an order terminating respondent-mother’s parental rights to RT 

and WG. Respondent-mother now appeals.

II. LEGAL ANALYSIS

On appeal, respondent-mother does not contest the trial court’s finding of statutory grounds 

to terminate her parental rights. Based upon this and our review of the entire record, we conclude 

the trial court did not clearly err by finding that the unchallenged statutory grounds for termination

were established by clear and convincing evidence. Respondent-mother, however, asserts that the 

trial court clearly erred when it ruled that termination of her parental rights was in her children’s 

best interests. “Best interests are determined on the basis of the preponderance of the evidence.” 

In re LaFrance, 306 Mich App 713, 733; 858 NW2d 143 (2014). This Court reviews a trial court’s 

decision that termination is in the best interests of a child for clear error. In re Atchley, 341 Mich 

App 332, 346; 990 NW2d 685 (2022). Clear error occurs “if the reviewing court has a definite 

and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to the trial court’s special 

opportunity to observe the witnesses.” In re BZ, 264 Mich App 286, 296-297; 690 NW2d 505 

(2004).

A trial court must find that termination is in the children’s best interests before terminating

parental rights. In re Olive/Metts Minors, 297 Mich App 35, 40; 823 NW2d 144 (2012). The trial 

court “should weigh all the evidence available to determine the children’s best interests.” In re 

White, 303 Mich App 701, 713; 846 NW2d 61 (2014). “In deciding whether termination is in the 

child’s best interests, the court may consider the child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s parenting 

ability, the child’s need for permanency, stability, and finality, and the advantages of a foster home 

over the parent’s home.” In re Olive/Metts, 297 Mich App at 41-42 (citations omitted). “ ‘If the 

court finds that there are grounds for termination of parental rights and that termination of parental 

rights is in the child’s best interests, the court shall order termination of parental rights and order 

that additional efforts for reunification of the child with the parent not be made.’ ” Id. at 42.

The record reflects that respondent-mother had a close, but unhealthy, bond with RT. At 

the beginning of the case, RT had difficulty when he was away from respondent-mother because 

he worried about her well-being and felt responsible for her care. The guardian ad litem expressed 

concerns about RT’s apparent need to take care of his mother, but stated that, while in foster care, 

RT was “learning just to be a kid.” The record also reflects that RT was very concerned that WG 

would be abused by respondent-mother and those around her if WG was in her care without RT. 

RT felt the need to protect WG from the same abuse he suffered. Evidence showed that RT needed 

a home life with no surprises and instability or it would cause dysregulation and negative behavior. 

That was a direct result of post-traumatic stress disorder that RT suffered from his home life with 

respondent-mother, which caused RT to also contemplate and attempt suicide while he was living 

in respondent-mother’s care. Until respondent-mother decided to no longer visit RT, he improved 

with the stable and consistent home life provided by his foster parents. Evidence showed that he 

did better in school, made friends, and was involved in sports. When respondent-mother stopped 

visiting, RT worried about respondent-mother and was preoccupied by his feeling that respondentmother had abandoned him.
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As the foster-care worker testified, respondent-mother had no understanding of the trauma 

RT suffered in her household, and she deflected and did not listen during his trauma assessment. 

Respondent-mother blamed RT for her drug relapse. Even after the trial court ordered petitioner 

to file a termination petition, respondent-mother expressed no interest in RT’s well-being, she did 

not want to see the children, and she was more concerned about the care of her sister than the care 

of her children. Respondent-mother never spoke to RT’s therapist, she shamed RT for telling CPS 

that he suffered abuse in her care, and she showed no insight into his needs or those of WG.

In addition to the negative bond between RT and respondent-mother, her bond with WG 

was tenuous at best. WG was born with drugs in his system because respondent-mother used drugs 

while she was pregnant with him. Records showed that WG needed to be treated for withdrawal 

symptoms caused by respondent-mother’s drug use during pregnancy. Despite this, WG thrived 

and developed normally while in his foster home. Because respondent-mother voluntarily stopped 

seeing WG when he was 12 months old, any bond she had with him when he was a baby dissipated 

as he grew into an active toddler with his foster family.

In sum, the record reveals that respondent-mother had a negative impact on RT because of 

learned behaviors and traumatic abuse that he suffered while respondent-mother was using drugs. 

Respondent-mother also gave WG a challenging start in life by using drugs while she was pregnant 

with him. Respondent-mother continued to use drugs and chose to remain in a dysfunctional home 

with relatives who had a history of abuse, neglect, and drug use. RT and WG obtained the stability 

and consistency they needed in their foster home, and they both showed significant improvements

as a result of their placement with their foster parents. Therefore, the trial court did not clearly err 

by finding that it was in the best interests of the children to terminate respondent-mother’s parental 

rights.

Affirmed.

/s/ Brock A. Swartzle

/s/ James Robert Redford

/s/ Christopher P. Yates