National NGCT, Units Built in Last 5 Years 


2,100 l 

2,000 i 

:;: 1,900 

3: 1,800 :lE..... 

@. 

1,700 "' 

)K 

~ 

'" "' 

"

0 1,600 

'in 

~ 

·e 1,500 w 

"' "' 0 1,400 ~ 

l!)8 1,300 

'i'i 1,200 " c

s:: 

<( 

1,100 

1,000 

900 

1,000 Gross 

C02 lb/MWh 

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 

11> COD 2008 !ll COD 2009 ''·COD 2010 <Cl COD 2011 lK COD 2012 

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 	 Total# of 

Potential Annual 

New Units in Respective Year 28 33 12 11 17 Compliance

Periods from 

11 (100) 17 (100) 2008-12 New Units Above 1,000 lb/MWh (%) 28 (100) 33 (100) 12 (100) 

Total Units* 28 61 73 83 98 	 Total# of 336 (98) 

Potential Annual 

Total Units Above 28 (100) 60 (98) 71 (97) 82 (99) 96 (98) Compliance 1,000 lb/MWh (%) 

Periods above 

1,000 lb/MWh 

from 2008-12 

(%of 343) 

*shown cumulatively after 2008 

Data Source: Ventyx Velocity Suite 

343 
National NGCC, Units Built in Last 5 Years 


1,700 ,, 

I 1,600 "' I 

1,500 ::2 "j 

~ I 

1,400 1 ~ ! 

E 1,300 0:: "' " I 

" 1,200 ·~ 

'ij 

0 1 UJ 1,100 J 

l ~ 0 

"' 

~ 

1,000 N 

8 

" 	 900

" " 

~ 800 

700 

600 

2007 

~ 

~ 

~ 

~ $ 1,000 Gross 

CO,Ib/MWh 

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 

<!>COD 2008 !!I COD 2009 _-,_COD 2010 0 COD 2011 >K COD 2012 

New Units in Respective Year 

New Units Above 1,000 lb/MWh (%) 


Total Units* 


Total Units Above 1,000 lb/MWh (%) 


2008 

11 

2 (18) 

11 

2 (18) 

2009 

12 

2 (17) 

23 

3 (13) 

2010 

9 

3 (33) 

32 

6 (19) 

2011 

14 

7 (50) 

46 

14 (30) 

2012 

13 

Total# of Potential 

Annual Compliance 

Periods from 2008-12 

171 

5 (38) 

59 

15 (25) 

Total II of Potential 

Annual Compliance 

Periods above 1,000 

lb/MWh from 2008-12 

(% of171) 

40 (23) 

*shown cumulatively after 2008 

Data Source: Ventyx Velocity Suite 
Southeast Regional 

Carbon Sequestration 

Partnership (SECARB) 

Phase Ill Antl1ro~o9•mic CO,. Injection Field Test 

Field Test Location 

and Amount/Sources 

of C02 

Anthropogenic Test 

Alabama Powe(s Plant Barry - 10o,aoa to 150,0oa !onnesof 

C01per)'e<lr 

Coal-Fired Power Plant 

(Commercial/Anthropogenic 

Soi.!FCe) 

Primary Contacts 

DOE/NETL Project Manager 

Mr. Bruce Brown 

bruce.brown@dOe.netl.gov 

Pri'nci'pallnvestigator 

Mr. Kenneth J. Nem~th 

South~m States Energy Board 

neme!h@sseb.org 

Field Test Partners 

Primary Sponsots 

U.S. Deparlment of Ener~y 

Nalional Energy Technology 

Laboratory 

Southern States Enel!ly Board 

Industrial Partnern I•~•~I"'"".J•W.•J 

AdVanced Resources lnterrratlonal 

Alabama Power 

Denbury Resources. Inc. 

Electric Power Research lns!ilule 

Geological SuNeY ofAlabama 

Southern Company 

Southern Naturul Gas 

About SECARB SECARB is one of seven Regional 

C~rilon Sequestration Partnerships 

(RCSP) est!bllshed by the U.S. 

Department of Energy (DOE) in 2003. 

The seven partnerships form~ national 

network of more than 400 

organizations covering 43 states and 

four canadian provinces. The 

SECARBprogram spans 13 states in 

the smttheastem United States and is 

li.inded by DOE and <Ami-sharing 

p-ortners. 

ISummary of Field Test Site and Operations 

Past work by Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership's (SECARB) has 

identified that a series of thick, regionally extensive saline formations with high,quality 

seals exist within the Gulf Coastal Region. These saline formations have the potential 

to hold large volumes of carbon dioxide (C02). One such formation, the Cretaceousage Paluxy Forma~·on sandstone, is the taget for the SECARB Anthrcpogenic C(h 

storage test, Figure 1. 

The Anthropogenic C02 storage field test is being performed in southwest Alabama 

near the town of Citronelle in northern Mobile County. The C02 source for the lest is a 

newly constructed post-combustion C02 capture facility at Alabama Power's existing 

2,657 MW Barry Electric Generating Plant (Plant B::my). A small amount of flue gas 

from Plant Barry (equivalent to the amount produced when generating 25 MW of 

electricity) will be diverted from the plant ar1d captured using a process developed by 

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to produce highly pure C02. Plant Barry is a cool- and 

natural gas-fired electrical generation facility located in Bucks, Mobile County, 

Alabama, Figure 2. (Alabama Power is a subsidiary of Southern Company.) 

The C02 storage site is located within the Citronelle Dome geologic structure. The 

Citronelle Dome, which provides secure four-way closure free of faults or fracture 

zones, is located approximately 15 kilometers west of Plant Barry. A pipeline was 

constructed in 2011 to link the CO~ capture system with -the Paluxy Formation, a major 

resenroir containing saline water {i.e. water that is teo deep and salty tc senre as a 

drinking water supply). The Paluxy occurs at a depth of 3,000 to 3,400 meters. The 

Paluxy is overlain by multiple geolcgio confining units that sel\le as vertical flow 

barriers and will prevent C02 from escaping from the storage resel\lolr, Figure 1. 

Three new wells will be drilled during the test; a resenroir characterization well, an 

observation/backup injection well, and a dedicated C02 injeclion well. The 

characterization well, the first deep well drilled at Citronelle since the 1980's, was 

completed in January 2011 (Figure 3). Modern ohareclerization data were collected 

on the injection zone, confining zones and the oil resenroir. The primary injection well 

was drilled in December 2011 and the backup injector was drilled in January 2012. In 

addition to the new wells, the project will utllize several existing idle oilfield wells 

surrounding the C02 injection site to monitor injection operations and to ensure public 

safety. 

Beginning in 2012, between 100,000 and 150,000 metric tens per year of C~ 

captured from the pilot facility at Plant Barry will be transported to the storage site. 

C02 injection will conflnuefor aperiod of two to three years. 

During the injection period, muiUple C02 monitoring technologies will be deployed to track the CO?. plume, to measure the pressure front, to understand C02 trapping 

mechanisms of the Paluxy saline formation, and to monttor for potential leakage. 

Three years of posl-injeclicn monitoring are planned. Site closure is expected to occur 

in 2017. The wells will ellher be plugged and abandoned per state regulations or repermitted for COt-enhanced oil recovery operations ln a deeper mineral formation. 

2 Sootheast Realom~l C<J!bon SBquestraftor. Partnersl1ip 

Ft1ase 111 Anlhropogentc COl Injection Field Test 
Research Objectives 

\he purpose of the SEGARS Phase Ill project is to test and demonstrate safe, secure C02 injection and storage in 

significant. regionally extensive saline reservoirs. Phase Ill will draw from and build on the Phase II sequestration 

"lessons learned" and will work to validate sequestration technologies of well design and integrily, monitoring protocols, 

injection operations as well as regulatory, permitting and outreach. The multi-partner collaborations developed during 

Phase I and II continued in Phase Ill. 

In the Anthropogenic Test, the R&D objectives are to: 1) test the C02 flow, storage and COztrapping mechanisms of the 

Paluxy Formation; 2) evaluate injection and storage capacity of a major saline reservoir in the Gulf Coast; 3) evaluate the 

integration of power plan! C02 capture, transportation, injection and long-term geologic storage; 4) understand how the 

saline reservoir's internal architecture (the interplay between the reservoir11ow units, seals and baffles) can be effectively 

used to maximize available C02 storage capacity and minimize the areal extent of the C02 plume; 5) test commercially 

available, but not yet utilized, "off-the-shelf' and experimental COz monitoring technologies; and 6) evaluate the effect of 

anthropogenic CO~ captured from a coal-fired power plant on the geochemistry of a saline reservoir. 

3 , 	Soulhea~t Regional Cartlon Sequeslrnlion Parlnanthip 


Ph~se Ill Anthrop"'Jsnic C01 lnjec!lon Field Test 


Summary of Monitoring and Modeling, Verification and Accounting (MVA) Efforts 

The MilA strategy at the Anthropogenic Test is designed to test oommercially avallable "off-the-shelf' technologies in a 

manner not utilized before to better understand their performance and future application as listed in the table below. 

Table 1. MeasurementTechnologies to be Deployed at the Anthropogenic Test. 

~;;;;;;un.~entTeCh~lqmi .._. · ._" . _ Mti~sure.;-i1t P~rametUts; -.• - .. -.·~ppr..,;,li_oil -,-'·-.· -. ·· · . :· · ~-·:"--.-.-~ 

Bollom-hole pressure Pressure transducers deployed down Key measurement for assessing the reservoi~s. ln[eclivily, I hola near lhe lnjeclion lntruval capacityandpressure i"eld I C:;Se~oleloiJ_g]ng (pu!S'ed - ' :COHniiWat~r.satur~!iOns· COn!IIU~~lion bUIIiiiJft hearnSW.alid Elxi~llng wtilllibrois to: I i heuh'O~tapl~[el'' ' · " · · · '· lh.o)ljtor~orleakag~abntJ;w,el\bor.~s,~nd;toco~~r-~·mo_?_el~; i 

! Time-lapse crosswell and Change from baseline sonic velocity Dislribution of C02 plume vertically and horizontally to monitor ' 

I vertical seismic Imaging and amplih!de for migra~on out of zone and to confirm resewoir models. 

i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

; Abo-ve-zone pre!lsufe andff~id · _Monilor far changes liT pressure. and . Monllorln-g for C02 baildlip_ above_ lhe prlffiarji Cbhftriin~-linit 

j'Jleochamlcalmonito_ring.; · deeps~li[lewal~geochemlstry(l.e .. ·, ' .. , ·· ·- · " " ... ,_, j · · ,. -· · · · plifmataleo:nce~traU,ons) 

'I Tracers introducad In lhe C02 Measure tracer levels around area Monitor for lhe presence of lracer buildup near new and stream oilfield wells exlsllog wel\bores whioh WllUid suageslleakage of vertical C02 I along the well annuli. 

I· Drinking_ via\er aqu[/!ir MonitOr '!or,chailge"s_ln· a-viidei suite·Or" · Moilltci~nii ol afea_ ffllsfiWiili'lr :i.~ulleis for gaocheni_l~af j · _mannqring._. ~~~:n~~~:).O:e.p~.,alkal!~_l_ty,c_~Uons .. , , : changes·relate~ to,shaiiOW_CCf.! llllk;l_g_e_o': :. .,:-: 

'~-·-------'-~

Accomplishments to Date 

A major geologic characterization effort was conducted on the injection reservoir and confining units using existing 


well and seismic data. Detailed maps of the Paluxy Reservoir sand unlts and multiple overlying confining unas were 


created. 


The Environmentallmpao! Statement prepared by the project to fulfill the requirements of the National Environmental 


Protection Act resulted in a Finding of No Significant Impact. 


The project team has secured minernls and surface rights for the C02 storage test. 


The project's first characterization/observation well was drilled in December 2010-January 2011. Data from this well 


will be used to refine the geologic model. 


The Underground Injection Control permit :::pplication was submitted to the Alabama DEpartment of Environmentel 


Management for !he two injection wells in December 2010. Permits were issued in November 2011. 


In 2011, Denbury completed construction of a 12-mile pipeline to transport the C02 from Plant Barry to the injection 


well in the Citronelle oilfield. 


Injection well drilling began in December 2011, and the observation/backup injection well is being drilled in January 


2012. 


Currently finalizing the Test Site risk assessment and evaluating mitigation strategies. 


Target Sink Storage Opportunities and Benefits to the Region 

Gulf Coast Cretaceous-age formations are key components of a larger, regional group of similar formations, in terms of 

deposition and character, called the Gulf Coast Wedge. The wedge of sediments spans the entire SECARB region and 

includes the largest capacity saline sinks in the United Stales. C02 storage capacity estimates for the SEGARS Gulf 

Coast Wedge range from 850-11,700 billion metric gigatons (Gt). In comparison, annual stationary point-source 

emissions of C02 for the region have been estimated to be 1.085 Gt Using the range of reported COz stora,ge 

capacities, the saline formations in the Gulf Coast Wedge may have the capacity to accommodate these emissions for 

over 800 years. 

Soulhe9s1 Re~ior.al C~rbon Sequesllaiion R'lrtnershlp 
 Phase Ill An!hropogenio C01 lnjec'don Field Twt 

DOE Share $76,981,260 69.10% Drilling Operations Begin 

Total Value Injection Operations Begin 312012 

This material is based upon work supporled by the U.S. Department ofEnergy National Energy Technology Laboratory 

under DE-FC26-04NT42590. 

Version: January 23, 2012 

Southeast Regional Carbon sequeslr11tinn ~rtnership 

PhEse Ill AnlhrcpogenicCOJ Injection Field Test 

N5Tl 

Demonstration of a Coal-Based 

Transport Gasifier 

Background 

Coal is an abundant and indigenous energy resource and currently supplies almost 38 

percent ofth" United States' electric power. Demand for electricity, vital to the nation's 

economy and global competitiveness, is projected to increase by almost 28 percent 

by 2040. The continued use of coal is essential for providing an energy supply that 

supports sustainable economicgrowth. Unfortunately, nearly halfof the nation's electric 

power generating infrastructure is more than 30 years old and in need of substantial 

refurbishment or replacement Additional capacity must also be put in service to keep 

pace with the nation's ever-growing demand for electricity. It is in the public interest 

to upgrade the nation's energy infrastructure with the latest and mostadwmced viable 

technologies to achieve greater efficiencies, environmental performance, and costcompetitiveness. 

The U.S. DepartmentofEnergy(DOE) Office of Fossil Energy, through the National Energy 

Technology Laboratory, is charged with theimplementation of the DOE's Clean Coal Power 

Initiative (CCPl}. The intent behind the CCPI is to leverage public and private investment 

to secure low-cost energy production and protect the environment. The goal of this 

program is to demonstrate a new generation ofinnovative coal-utilization technologies 

in a series of projects carried out across the country. These demonstrations are conducted on a commercialscaleto prove the technical feasibility ofthe technologies and to 

proVIde technical and financial information for future applications. The U.S. Department 

ofEnergy awarded Southern Company Services a cooperative agreement underthe CCPI 

Round 2 Program to provide direct financial supportforthe development<lnd deployment 

ofthe Transport Integrated Gasification (TR]G'M) technology that is being utilized by the 

project. 

Project Description 

The Kemper County Project (Kemper County Energy Facility} is a lignite-fueled 

integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC} facility being constructed in Kemper 

County, Mississippi. The plant design incorporates the air-blown TRIG'~ technology 

jointly developed by Southern Company, KBR, and DOE at the Power Systems 

Development Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. Mississippi Power Compomy (MPC), a 

Southern Company subsidiary, will own and operate the plant.The facility will employ 

state-of-the-artemission controls to produce electricity from lignite in an efficientand 

environmentally friendly manner and will also assist MPC in achieving key strategic 

objectives of fuel and geographical diversity, and cost stability, while providing a 

reliable economic resource to meet customer needs. 

NATIONAL :NS,GY TSCHIIOI.DGY LA~D,ATO'I:Y 

Albany, OR • Anchorage,AK · Morgantown, WV • Pittsburgh, PA • Sugar Land, 1X 

Website: www.netl.doe.gov 

Customer Servi(e: 1-800-553-7681 

the 5N5,CiY lab 

PROJECT FACTi_ 

Clean Cnal Power Initiative (CCPI2) 

CONTACTS 

Michael Knaggs 


Director 


Offke of Major Demonslra.tlons 


National Energy Te<:hno[ogy Laboratory 


3610Collins Ferry Road 


P.0.80J(88"0 


Morgantown, WV 26507~08"80 

304~ 285·4926 


michael.knaggs@netl.doe.gov 


Diane R~vay Madden 

ProjectManager . . . . 

NatiqfUII_ Energy TechnqlogY_Labora19ry. 

626 Cochrans Mill Ro.ad 

P.a:· Box lo94"o 

Pittsb1.1rgh,"PA 152a6-(1940 

412-386-5931 " 

d.i<ine.inadden@netl.doe~gov · 

TinlPinkl;ton 

P~rti~ipaniPr~je_ci:'Manager ... 

Soythem Company ·s.ervi0!5lnc; ·· 

42._1nverness , . . . 

B!rmif1ghamiAL3524H809' 

205-992-5042 

:~i~rcl>i®so.~t~~.rn·~o~o~··: 

. . 

PARTNERS 

1\i)i:;.sis!IPPi. Po.werq>_mpany ··. 

KB)l, LLC 

PROJE(TDURATION 

S:tatt Oa.t<r EndQate 

01/30/2006 05/01/2018" 

COST 

.Total PtojlictValue 

·- $3;000,000,000* 

DOE/Non-DOE Share 

$270,0001000 I $2,800,000,00Q 

'Note:Thecc•t obove lndude• •cepe In which Dot 


Is not ponl<lpotlng in <o>l>hatlng undor the CCPI. 


@ENERGY 

Lignite reserves near the plant site owned by Mississippi 

Power Company and developed and mined by Liberty Fuels, a 

subsidiary of North American Coal Corporation, willsupply the 

feedstockforthe IGCC plantThe estimated nameplate capacity 

ofthe plant will be 830 MW with a peak net output capability 

of 582 MW. The peak capacity of 582 MW occurs when using 

syngas in the combustion turbine coupled with natural gas 

firing in the heat recovery steam generator duct burners. During 

syngas-only operations,the plant will achieve a net generating 

capacity of 524 MW and a heat rate of 12,150 Btu/kWh. The 

facility will employ advanced emissions control equipment to 

produce marketable byproducts ofammonia, sulfuric add, and 

carbon dioxide. Over 65 percent ofthe carbon dioxide will be 

captured, making the Kemper County Energy Facility's carbon 

emissions comparable to a natural gas-fired combined cyde 

power plant. The commercial operation date of the Kemper 

County IGCC plant will be May 2014. 

The estimated 3 million metric tons of C02 per year captured 

from the Kemper County Energy Facility gasification process 

will be transported via pipeline to two off takers for use in 

enhanced oil recovery operations at depleted oil production 

fields in MississippL 

Goals/Objectives 

The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the 

operation of a commercial-scale, air-blown tramport gasifier 

technology and integrate it with a combined-cycle island. 

Other objectives of the project include (1) operating an 

advanced syngas deanu p system that includes sulfur removal 

and recovery; high temperature, high-pressure particulate 

filtration; and ammonia recovery and mercury removal; (2) 

demonstrating high availability, high thermal efficiency, 

low cost, and low emissions of the IGCC in commercial 

operating mode; and (3) operating an integrated C0 capture 2 

and compression system with the intent to capture and 

geologically sequester 65 percent of the C0 via enhanced 2 

oll recovery. 

Benefits 

The TRIGTM technology offers a simpler and more robust 

method for generating power from low-rank coal than other 

alternatives.lt is unique among coal gasification technologies 

in that it is cost-effective when using both low rank coals and 

coals with high moisture or ash content. These coals make 

up half of the proved reserves in the U.S. and throughout 

the world. Moreover, the transport gasifier is capable of both 

air· and oxygen-blown operation. This inherent flexibility 

will allow future applications of this technology to be readily 

adapted to otherapplications beyond power generation,such 

as the production of chemicals used in industrial operations. 

Moreover, the inclusion of C0 control as part of the project 1 

is critical to the future deployment of coal-based power 

generation in both the United States and the world. Installation 

of adv~nced power generation facilities is ~n important part 

ofthe strategy to become energy independent. 

·.. :·.?~"~<i·. 

,

iN5liTL ... ____,~

Aerial View ofKemper County Energy FadHty (December 2012} 

NT42391,M""'h20l3