CO2 Geological Storage:Lesson Learned from In Salah (Algeria)Iain Wright(CO2ProjectManager, BPGroup Technology)SBSTA MeetingBonnMay 20th2006Agenda•CCS Benefits•CCS Challenges•The In Salah Project (Algeria)–How In Salah is addressing the challenges•SummaryTechnology Options for StabilizationThe Stabilisation WedgeEmissiontrajectoryto achieve 500ppmEmissiontrajectoryBAU1GtCSlices of the Stabilisation WedgeCCS 2006: Key Challenges1.Reducing the Costs–MainlyCapture, CapitalCostand Efficiency–Target: $20-30/t CO22.Is it Legal?•Long-term Storage Integrity•Legal & RegulatoryFrameworks3.Can you get Paid?•Policy Frameworks•Market Eligibility(CDM,ETS)4.Public Acceptance}In Salah CO2JointIndustryProject (JIP)}Three Projects at In Salah•In Salah Project(s) Overview–In Salah Gas Development(1bcf/d$2,000million)–In Salah CO2Storage(1mmtpa $ 100 million)–In Salah CO2AssuranceR&D (CSLF & EU $30million)–In Salah Gas Development•(1bcf/d $2,000 million)In Salah Gas ProjectKrechbaTegRegGaretelBefinatHassiMoumeneInSalahGourMahmoudProposed ISGPipelineREBHassiBirRekaizHassi MessaoudHassiR’MelTiguentourine (BP)02151093AlgiersTangiersLisbonCordobaCartagenaMOROCCOA LG ER IAS PA INL IBYAMAURITANIAMALISkikdaTunisN IGERIn SalahGasProjectKrechbaTegentourRegGaretelBefinatHassiMoumeneHassiR’MelInSalahGourMahmoud48”455km38”60km24”13km24”62kmKrechbaTegentourRegGaretelBefinatHassiMoumeneHassiR’MelInSalahGourMahmoud48”455km38”60km24”13km24”62km5-10%CO2<0.3%CO2In Salah Gas Processing PlantImport Gas PipelinefromTeguentourand RegExport Gas PipelinetoHassiR’Mel&Europe (1BCF/d)CO2StoragePipeline toKrechba–In Salah CO2Storage•1mmtpa $100 millionIn Salah: 25-Year CO2Profile0200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000 2004 20 0 5 200 6 200 7

2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 20 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 013 20 1 4 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 202 1 202 2 20 2 3 2 0 2 4 2 0 2 5 2 0 26 2 027 2 0 2 8 2 02 9 2030Year

To nne sVenting -WithoutCO2Re-InjectionVenting -StorageTanksFlaring -ProcessFugitives -ProcessCombustion-EmergencyPowerCombustion- CompressionCombustion-PowerGenerationCombustion-ProcessHeat•Onlythe separated (yellow)CO2will be stored –the combustion CO2(blue) will beventedIn Salah CO2Storage•Industrial Scale Demonstration of CO2Geological Storage (Conventional Capture)•Started Storage in August 2004•1mmtpa CO2Stored (17mm tonnes lifetime)•$100mm Incremental Cost ($6/tCO2)–No Commercial Benefit•Test-bed for CO2Monitoring TechnologiesIn Salah CO2Storage Operation



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# W a t e rCarbo nifero usReservoir~20met resthickCarbo nifero usMudstones~ 95 0metresthickCre taceousSan dstone s&Mud stones~900 metresthick(Re gion alAqu ifer)4 GasPro ductio nWells3 CO2InjectionW ellsProcessingFacilitiesA mineCO2R emovalTheCO2S tora geSchemea tKrechba 

# G a s 

# W a t e rCarbo nifero usReservoir~20met resthickCarbo nifero usMudstones~ 95 0metresthickCre taceousSan dstone s&Mud stones~900 metresthick(Re gion alAqu ifer)4 GasPro ductio nWells3 CO2InjectionW ellsProcessingFacilitiesA mineCO2R emovalTheCO2S tora geSchemea tKrechba 

# G a s 

# W a t e rCarbo nifero usReservoir~20met resthickCarbo nifero usMudstones~ 95 0metresthickCre taceousSan dstone s&Mud stones~900 metresthick(Re gion alAqu ifer)4 GasPro ductio nWells3 CO2InjectionW ellsProcessingFacilitiesA mineCO2R emoval 

# G a s 

# W a t e rCarbo nifero usReservoir~20met resthickCarbo nifero usMudstones~ 95 0metresthickCre taceousSan dstone s&Mud stones~900 metresthick(Re gion alAqu ifer)4 GasPro ductio nWells3 CO2InjectionW ellsProcessingFacilitiesA mineCO2R emoval 

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# W a t e rCarbo nifero usReservoir~20met resthickCarbo nifero usMudstones~ 95 0metresthickCre taceousSan dstone s&Mud stones~900 metresthick(Re gion alAqu ifer)4 GasPro ductio nWells3 CO2InjectionW ellsProcessingFacilitiesA mineCO2R emovalTheCO2S tora geSchemea tKrechbaKrechba FieldKb-CBKb-CASpheroid:Clarke 1880Projection:UTMZone31NDatum:NSahara1959FirstGasDevelopmentWellLocationsProduction Well05000MetersKb-7Kb-10Kb-CCKb-6Kb-CEKb-501Kb-1Kb-503Kb-502Kb-5Kb-9zKb-8Kb-4Kb-2Gas-WaterContact1330metres belowMeanSeaLevel~1800 metresbelowGround LevelFull GasColumn420000430000321000032200003230000Kb-503Kb-501Kb-11Kb-14Kb-12Kb-13Kb-502InjectorsProducersReservoirSurfaceCO2 Storage Infrastructure50mmscf/d CO2(1mmtpa)CompressionTransportationInjectionStorageKrechba 501Pilot holeplus1250 metresofhorizontalsectionPower Plant with CCS–In Salah CO2Assurance•R&D (CSLF $30 million)Joint Industry R&D ProjectObjectives (2004-09)1.Provide assurance that secure geological storage ofCO2can be cost-effectivelyverified and that longterm assurance can be provided byshort-termmonitoring.2.Demonstrate to stakeholders that industrial-scalegeological storage of CO2isa viableGHG mitigationoption.3.Set precedents for the regulation and verification ofthe geological storage of CO2, allowing eligibilityforGHG creditsWhy Monitoring?•Need more cost-effective tools to demonstrate longterm storage integrity•Oil & Gas Industryalreadyhas most of the toolsrequired, but has never had a commercial reason todevelop them•Mother Nature made all geological formationsdifferent–Monitoringtechnologythatworks inone locationmaynotwork in another–Needto develop a poolof knowledge–Need toset standards forsite certificationIn Salah Monitoring: StatusProgramme recommendedawaitinginfoonaccess tosuspended wellsMicroseismicPartof geochemistrystudiesongoinginNorwaySpecialistCO2modellingStudiesongoingin NorwayRock-fluid/Pressure InteractionsOngoingbyJVInjectionmonitoringAnalyses incorporatedinSharedEarthModelFormation waterchem.Sampling programmeongoingWellheadCO2MonitoringReviewedand Not RecommendedFlowmeter surveysBuildingnew modelinEclipseDynamic modellingInitialmodellingsuggestsnoresponse4DElectrical/EMDue tocommence1Q2006TracersModellingcompleted–marginal response4D GravityProgramme recommended–KEY TECHNOLOGY4D Seismic/VSPStatusTechnologySeismic Array LocationKb-CBKb-CASpheroid:Clarke 1880Projection:UTMZone31NDatum:NSahara1959FirstGasDevelopmentWellLocationsProduction Well05000MetersKb-7Kb-10Kb-CCKb-6Kb-CEKb-501Kb-1Kb-503Kb-502Kb-5Kb-9zKb-8Kb-4Kb-2GasWaterContact1330metres belowMeanSea Level~1800 metresbelowGround LevelFullGasColumn420000430000321000032200003230000Kb-503Kb501Kb-11Kb-14Kb-12Kb-13Kb-502Pre-cursor 3DIn Salah CO2Summary•Industrial Scale Demonstration of CO2Geological Storage (Conventional Capture)•Excellent Analogue for other Countries:–China, Europe, NorthAmerica•Started Storage in August 2004•1mmtpa CO2Stored (17mm tonnes lifetime)•$100mm Incremental Costfor Storage ($6/tCO2)–No commercial benefit•Test-bed for CO2Monitoring Technologies–$30mm Research Project