# Patent

## Title
Methods and systems for secure gated file deployment associated with provisioning

## Abstract

A software provisioning server can be configured to communicate with a certificate authority to evaluate security credential requests received from one or more target machines prior to a software installation. The certificate authority can issue certificates to the one or more target machines and notify an administrator and the software provisioning server of the issued certificates. The software provisioning server can manage the software installation to the one or more target machines based on the issued certificates and other specifications.

## Background
FIELD
This invention relates generally to software provisioning.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Software provisioning is the process of selecting a target machine, such as a server, loading the appropriate software (operating system, device drivers, middleware, and applications), and customizing and configuring the system and the software to make it ready for operation. Software provisioning can entail a variety of tasks, such as creating or changing a boot image, specifying parameters, e.g. IP address, IP gateway, to find associated network and storage resources, and then starting the machine and its newly-loaded software. Typically, a system administrator will perform these tasks using various tools because of the complexity of these tasks.
Typically, software provisioning can include the installation or re-installation of software on a target machine. Often, to properly install or re-install the software, the target machines must be re-booted, powered down and restarted, in order to begin the install or re-install. The process can require a system administrator or user to manually re-boot the system in concert with the software provisioning.
Existing software provisioning systems provide for a non-secure deployment of the software. As such, security risks exist if deployed files are available to all target machines on the network because some of the target machines may be exposed. In addition, target machines may be vulnerable during the installation cycle. It may therefore be desirable to provide methods and systems for deploying software installation files and other data in a secure manner.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various features of the embodiments can be more fully appreciated, as the same become better understood with reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments when considered in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall provisioning environment in which various embodiments of the present teachings can be practiced;
FIG. 2 illustrates the overall provisioning environment in which a provisioning server can provide secure software deployment, according to various embodiments;
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration for a provisioning server, according to various embodiments; and
FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart for secure deployment to target machines in a software provisioning environment, according to various embodiments.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the principles of the present invention are described by referring mainly to exemplary embodiments thereof. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would readily recognize that the same principles are equally applicable to, and can be implemented in, all types of information and systems, and that any such variations do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying figures, which illustrate specific embodiments. Electrical, mechanical, logical and structural changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Embodiments of the present teachings relate to systems and methods for deploying software installation files in a secure manner. More particularly, the systems and methods can evaluate a security credential request of a target machine and establish a secure connection with the target module based on the result of the evaluation.
In embodiments, a provisioning server can be configured to perform actions on target machines such as a software provisioning process (e.g. installing software, re-installing software, etc.) and other actions related to software provisioning (e.g. configuring hardware/software, configuring network parameters, etc.). Before performing these actions, according to embodiments, a secure connection can be established between the provisioning server and the target machines. To achieve this, a certificate authority can be provided to evaluate the security credential requests of the target machines.
According to embodiments, the certificate authority can be a part of the provisioning server or can be a separate hardware or software component. According to embodiments, the target modules can be configured to block incoming software installations pending an authorization process. The target modules can be configured to provide a certificate signing request to the certificate authority, and the certificate authority can be configured to evaluate the certificate signing request, and grant or deny the request. If the certificate authority grants the request, the certificate authority can be configured to sign the certificate signing request to issue a certificate to the corresponding target module. As such, the corresponding target module can be cleared to receive the software installation. If the certificate authority denies the request, the certificate authority can be configured to notify the system administrator that the corresponding target module will not receive the software installation. As such, the corresponding target module can be blocked from receiving the software installation.
By providing secure software deployment, the provisioning server can securely install software on target machines and configure the target machines without exposing the target machines to security breaches. As such, the provisioning server can fully perform secure software provisioning actions.
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall provisioning environment 100, in systems and methods for the execution, management, and monitoring of software provisioning, according to exemplary aspects of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in or supported by the exemplary environment illustrated in FIG. 1. The provisioning environment 100 provides a unified provisioning environment, which comprehensively manages the tasks related to software provisioning.
In particular, the provisioning environment 100 can manage software provisioning using a hierarchy of commands. In exemplary embodiments, the hierarchy can include at least four levels of commands. The lowest level in the hierarchy can comprise distribution commands, which primarily handle base operating system specific tasks of provisioning. The second level can comprise profile commands, which associate a configuration file, such as a kickstart file for Linux or other operating system, with a distribution and optionally allow for customization. The third level comprises system commands, which associate remote systems that are involved with the provisioning of the software. The fourth level comprises repository commands, which address configurations and tasks related to updating the software, remote installation procedures, and optionally customizing the software.
The provisioning environment 100 provides several capabilities and advantages over the known provisioning solutions. For example, the present invention is capable of handling a variety of forms of installations, such as preboot execution environment (“PXE”), virtualization, re-installations, and image installations.
In exemplary aspects, the provisioning environment 100 enables integrating virtualization into a PXE provisioning infrastructure and provides several options to reinstall running machines as well. The provisioning environment 100 can integrate mirroring of package repositories with the provisioning process, so that a provisioning server may serve as a central mirror point of contact for all of an organizations software needs. In aspects, a set of remote mirrored repositories can automatically be used by provisioned systems without additional setup.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary aspects the provisioning environment 100. The provisioning environment 100 can be applied to provisioning any form of software, such as Windows systems, UNIX systems, and Linux systems. In the exemplary description that follows, FIG. 1 is presented to explain the provisioning environment 100 for provisioning software, such as Linux, and Linux based software, such as Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux by Red Hat, Inc.
In provisioning of software such as Linux, many system administrators use what is known as the “kickstart” installation method. Kickstart files are files that specify the intended configuration of the software being provisioned. Kickstart files can be kept on a server and can be read by individual computers during the installation. This installation method allows the use of a single or relatively few standard kickstart files to install Linux on multiple machines, making it ideal for network and system administrators.
The kickstart file can be a simple text file, containing a list of items, each identified by a keyword. In general, a kickstart file can be edited with any text editor or word processor that can save files as ASCII text. One skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be applied to non-kickstart files in software provisioning. For example, configuration files such as AutoYAST Answer files used in Novell SuSe Linux and Sun Solaris Jumpstart files may also be used by the provisioning environment 100.
Typically, a kickstart file can be copied to the boot disk, or made available on the network. The network-based approach is most commonly used, as most kickstart installations for software provisioning, such as Linux systems, tend to be performed via a network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP on networked computers. Administrators also find it desirable that kickstart installations can be performed using a local CD-ROM, or a local hard drive.
Using kickstart files, a system administrator can create a single file containing the parameters that are needed to complete a typical software installation. For example, kickstart files specify parameters related to: language selection; mouse configuration; keyboard selection; boot loader installation; disk partitioning; network configuration; NIS, LDAP, Kerberos, Hesiod, and Samba authentication; firewall configuration; and package selection.
According to exemplary aspects illustrated in FIG. 1, the provisioning environment 100 can include a provisioning server 102, a code repository 104 which provides access to distributions 106 and 108, a set of installation templates 110, a set of exception plugins 112, a helper client 114 running on target machines 116 in a network 115, a provisioning database 120 which comprises a distribution tree list 122 and template list 124. Each of these components will now be further described.
The provisioning server (from herein referred to as a “cobbler”) 102 is responsible for: serving as an extensible markup language remote procedure call (XMLRPC) handler; linking to or mirroring install distribution trees and a configuration database; hosting kickstart templates; hosting plugins; generating installation images, and the like. The cobbler server 102 can be implemented as software, such as Python code, installed on a boot server machine and provide a command line interface for configuration of the boot server. In addition, the cobbler server 102 can make itself available as a Python application programming interface (API) for use by higher level management software (not shown). The cobbler server 102 supports provisioning via PXE, image (ISO) installation, virtualization, re-provisioning. As will be described later, the last two modes are performed with the assistance of a helper client 114.
The code repository 104 is responsible for hosting distributions 106 and 108. The code repository 104 may be implemented using well known components of hardware and software. Additionally, the code repository 104 can be include one or more repositories hosting distributions. The distributions 106 and 108 can include bundles of software that are already compiled and configured. The distributions 106 and 108 may be in the form of either rpm, deb, tgz, msi, exe formats, and the like. For example, as Linux distributions, the distributions 106 and 108 are bundles of software that comprise the Linux kernel, the non-kernel parts of the operating system, and assorted other software. The distributions 106 and 108 can take a variety of forms, from fully-featured desktop and server operating systems to minimal environments.
In exemplary aspects, the installation templates 110 are any data structure or processing element that can be combined with a set of installation configurations and processed to produce a resulting configuration file, such as a kickstart file.
In exemplary aspects, exception plugins 112 are software that interact with cobbler server 102 to customize the provisioning of software. In general, the exception plugins 112 are intended to address infrequent customization needs.
In exemplary aspects, the helper client (known as “koan”, which stands for “kickstart-over-a-network”) 114 can assist the cobbler server 102 during the provisioning processes. The koan 114 can allow for both network provisioning of new virtualized guests and destructive provisioning of any existing system. When invoked, the koan 114 can request profile information from a remote boot server that has been configured with the cobbler server 102. In some aspects, what the koan 114 does with the profile data depends on whether it was invoked with -virt or -replace-self.
In exemplary aspects, the koan 114 can enable replacing running systems as well as installing virtualized profiles. The koan 114 can also be pushed out to systems automatically from the boot server. In some aspects, the koan client 114 is also written in Python code to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc.
In exemplary aspects, the network 115 can include a number of the target machines 116. The target machines 116 can represent the particular machines to which software provisioning is directed. The target machines 116 can represent a wide variety of computing devices, such as personal computers, servers, laptop computers, personal mobile devices, and the like. In some aspects, the target machines 116 can represent distributed computing environments such as cloud computing environments. Although FIG. 1 shows several of the target machines 116, the provisioning environment 100 can be capable of managing a wide range environments, such as datacenters with thousands of machines or server pools with just a few machines. Additionally, the cobbler server 102 can be connected to multiple networks 115.
In exemplary aspects, the provisioning database 120 can serve as a data storage location for holding data used by the cobbler server 102. For example, as shown, the provisioning database 120 can comprise the distribution tree list 122 and the template list 124. The distribution tree list 122 can provide an inventory of the distributions 106 and 108 that are hosted or mirrored by the cobbler server 102. The template list 124 can provide an inventory of the templates 110 that are hosted by the cobbler server 102.
As noted above, the cobbler server 102 can manage provisioning using a hierarchical concept of distribution commands, profile commands, system commands, and repository commands. This framework enables the cobbler server 102 to abstract the differences between multiple provisioning types (installation, reinstallation, and virtualization) and allows installation of all three from a common platform. This hierarchy of commands also permits the cobbler server 102 to integrate software repositories 126 with the provisioning process, thus allowing systems to be configured as a mirror for software updates and third party content as well as distribution content.
Distributions can contain information about base operating system tasks, such as what kernel and initial ramdisk (“initrd”) are used in the provisioning, along with other information, such as required kernel parameters. Profiles associate one of the distributions 106 and 108 with a kickstart file and optionally customize it further, for example, using plugins 112. System commands associate a hostname, IP, or (machine access control) MAC with a distribution and optionally customize the profile further. Repositories contain update information, such as yum mirror information that the cobbler server 102 uses to mirror repository 104. The cobbler server 102 can also manage (generate) dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) configuration files using the templates 110.
In exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can use a provisioning environment that is fully templated, allowing for kickstarts and PXE files to be customized by the user. The cobbler server 102 uses the concept of “profiles” as an intermediate step between the operating system and the installed system. A profile is a description of what a system does rather than the software to be installed. For instance, a profile might describe a virtual web server with X amount of RAM, Y amounts of disk space, running a Linux distribution Z, and with an answer file W.
In exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can provide a command line interface to configure a boot server in which it is installed. For example, the format of the cobbler server 102 commands can be generally in the format of: cobbler command [subcommand][--arg1=][--arg2=]. Thus, a user can specify various aspects of software provisioning via a single interface, such as a command line interface or other known interface. Examples of exemplary cobbler commands can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/763,315, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0288938 A1 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/763,333, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0288939 A1, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference.
According to exemplary aspects, a user can use various commands of the provisioning environment 100 to specify distributions and install trees hosted by the code repository 104, such as a distribution from the distributions 106 or 108. A user can add or import a distribution or import it from installation media or an external network location.
According to exemplary aspects, in order to import a distribution, the cobbler server 102 can auto-add distributions and profiles from remote sources, whether this is an installation media (such as a DVD), an NFS path, or an rsync mirror. When importing a rsync mirror, the cobbler server 102 can try to detect the distribution type and automatically assign kickstarts. By default in some embodiments, the cobbler server can provision by erasing the hard drive, setting up eth0 for DHCP, and using a default password. If this is undesirable, an administrator may edit the kickstart files in /etc/cobbler to do something else or change the kickstart setting after the cobbler server 102 creates the profile.
According to exemplary aspects, a user may map profiles to the distributions and map systems to the profiles using profile commands and systems commands of the provisioning environment 100. A profile associates a distribution to additional specialized options, such as a kickstart automation file. In the cobbler server 102, profiles are the unit of provisioning and at least one profile exists for every distribution to be provisioned. A profile might represent, for instance, a web server or desktop configuration.
According to exemplary aspects, a user can map systems to profiles using system commands. System commands can assign a piece of hardware with cobbler server 102 to a profile. Systems can be defined by hostname, Internet Protocol (IP) address, or machine access control (MAC) address. When available, use of the MAC address to assign systems can be preferred.
According to exemplary aspects, the user can map repositories and profiles using repository commands. Repository commands can address configurations and tasks related to updating the software, remote installation procedures, and optionally customizing the software. These repository commands can also specify mirroring of the provisioned software to remote servers. Repository mirroring can allow the cobbler server 102 to mirror not only install the trees 106 and 108, but also optional packages, third party content, and updates. Mirroring can be useful for faster, more up-to-date installations and faster updates, or providing software on restricted networks. The cobbler server 102 can also include other administrative features, such as allowing the user to view their provisioning configuration or information tracking the status of a requested software installation.
According to exemplary aspects, a user can utilize commands to create a provisioning infrastructure from a distribution mirror. Then a default PXE configuration is created, so that by default systems win PXE boot into a fully automated install process for that distribution. The distribution mirror can be a network rsync mirror or a mounted DVD location.
According to exemplary aspects, the administrator uses a local kernel and initrd file (already downloaded), and shows how profiles would be created using two different kickstarts—one for a web server configuration and one for a database server. Then, a machine can be assigned to each profile.
According to exemplary aspects, a repo mirror can be set up for two repositories, and create a profile that will auto install those repository configurations on provisioned systems using that profile.
According to exemplary aspects, in addition to normal provisioning, the cobbler server 102 can support yet another option, called “enchant”. Enchant takes a configuration that has already been defined and applies it to a remote system that might not have the remote helper program installed. Users can use this command to replace a server that is being repurposed, or when no PXE environment can be created. Thus, the enchant option allows the remote the koan client 114 to be executed remotely from the cobbler server 102.
According to aspects, if the cobbler server 102 is configured to mirror certain repositories, the cobbler server 102 can then be used to associate profiles with those repositories. Systems installed under those profiles can be auto configured to use these repository mirrors in commands and, if supported, these repositories can be leveraged. This can be useful for a large install base, when fast installation and upgrades for systems are desired, or software not in a standard repository exists and provisioned systems desire to know about that repository.
According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can also keep track of the status of kickstarting machines. For example, the “cobbler status” will show when the cobbler server 102 thinks a machine started kickstarting and when it last requested a file. This can be a desirable way to track machines that may have gone inactive during kickstarts. The cobbler server 102 can also make a special request in the post section of the kickstart to signal when a machine is finished kickstarting.
According to exemplary aspects, for certain commands, the cobbler server 102 will create new virtualized guests on a machine in accordance with the orders from the cobbler server 102. Once finished, an administrator can use additional commands on the guest or other operations. The cobbler server 102 can automatically name domains based on their MAC addresses. For re-kickstarting, the cobbler server 102 can reprovision the system, deleting any current data and replacing it with the results of a network install.
According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can configure boot methods for the provisioning requested by the user. For example, the cobbler server 102 can configure a PXE environment, such as a network card BIOS. Alternatively, the cobbler server 102 can compile and configure information for koan client 104. The cobbler server 102 can also optionally configure DHCP and DNS configuration information.
According to exemplary aspects, the cobbler server 102 can serve the request of the koan client 114. The koan client 114 can acknowledge the service of information of the cobbler server 102 and then can initiate installation of the software being provisioned. Additionally, the koan client 114 can either install the requested software, e.g., replace the existing operating system, or install a virtual machine.
FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of the provisioning environment 200 that allows for secure deployment of software to target machines. In embodiments as shown, the cobbler server 102 can be coupled to a network 115 to provide provisioning processes and other actions related to provisioning for the network 115. While FIG. 2 illustrates one network 115 with exemplary components, one skilled in the art will realize that the cobbler server 102 can be coupled to multiple networks to provide provisioning processes and other actions related to provisioning.
As shown in FIG. 2, the network 115 can include a number of target machines 116. The target machines 116 can include computing systems such as servers, personal computers, laptop computers, etc. The target machines 116 can be configured to include a koan client 114. The cobbler server 102 can be configured using mechanisms and frameworks such as, for example, Red Hat, Incorporated's Func, to securely transfer files to the target machines 116. The target machines 116 can be configured to apply for a digital identity certificate or a similar digital verification device. For example, the target machines 116 can generate a certificate signing request or some other form of credential request.
According to embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to perform actions on the target machines 116. The cobbler server 102 can be configured to perform software provisioning actions such as installing software, re-installing software, updating software, and the like. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to perform other actions related to software provisioning, such as configuring hardware/software, configuring network parameters, and the like. Further, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to partition the software installation into component files and specify which of the target machines 116 are entitled to which of the component files. In addition to software provisioning, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to manage the provisioning environment 200 after being brought on network.
The provisioning environment 200 can include a certificate authority 205. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can be implemented as a portion of the code for the cobbler server 102. Likewise, the certificate authority 205 can be implemented as a separate software tool accessible by the cobbler server 102. The certificate authority 205 can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as JAVA, C++, Python code, and the like to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc. Additionally, the certificate authority 205 can be configured to include the appropriate application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with and cooperate with other components of the cobbler server 102.
The network 115 can be connected to the certificate authority 205. The target machines 116 of the network 115 can be configured to generate certificate signing requests and provide the generated certificate signing requests to the certificate authority 205. The certificate authority 205 can be configured to issue authenticated digital certificates for the corresponding target machines 116 by digitally signing the certificate signing requests. A system administrator can access the certificate authority 205 and monitor the incoming certificate signing requests.
The system administrator can evaluate and determine which of the certificate signing requests from the corresponding target machines 116 are to be approved. For example, the system administrator can determine which certificate signing requests to digitally sign, thereby issuing a certificate. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can execute a script configured to sign the certificate signing requests based on an existing or future policy. For example, the certificate authority 205 can compare the MAC addresses of the corresponding target machines against a network list, or perform other validation steps. In various embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can provide the certificate signing requests to a mail queue or similar directory where an administrator with access to the mail queue can selectively sign the certificate signing requests. For example, the certificate authority 205 can provide the certificate signing requests to an administrator via a notification, alert, email, text message, and the like. In various embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can be configured to view, approve, or deny pending certificate signing requests in a web interface or other similar software interface.
The certificate authority 205 can be configured to provide issued certificates or a listing of the issued certificates to the cobbler server 110 and the corresponding target machines 116. Accordingly, the cobbler server 110 and/or the target machines 116 can be aware of the issued certificates as well as any impeding software provisioning process.
Prior to receiving software provisioning, the target machines 116 can be configured to block any provisioning attempts made by the cobbler server 102. In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to block provisioning rights to a particular target machine 116 depending on the results of an authentication. In various embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can be configured with logic to limit which software provisioning files get deployed to which of the target machines 116. For example, the cobbler server 102 can be configured with a listing of the IP or MAC addresses of the target machines 116. It should be appreciated that the cobbler server 102 can be configured with other filters or credentials to control the software provisioning to the target machines 116 such as, for example, an access control list (ACL).
If the certificate authority 205 does sign the certificate signing request from the corresponding target machine 116, then the certificate authority 205 can notify the system administrator that the corresponding target machine 116 is entitled to software provisioning. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can issue a certificate to the corresponding target machine 116, upon which the corresponding target machine 116 can unblock to provide the cobbler server 102 provisioning access to the corresponding target machine 116. In various embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can unblock provisioning rights to the corresponding target machine 116 once the cobbler server 102 receives an issued certificate or a notice of an issued certificate from the certificate authority 205 or system administrator. The cobbler server 102 can manage which files are deployed to the corresponding target machine 116 according to embodiments described herein.
If the certificate authority 205 fails to sign a certificate signing request from a corresponding target machine 116, then the certificate authority 205 can notify a system administrator or the cobbler server 102 that the corresponding target machine 116 is not entitled to software provisioning. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can notify the cobbler server 102, which can notify a system administrator of the failed certificate request. The cobbler server 102 can be configured to block or limit the software provisioning to the corresponding target machine 116 when the certificate authority 205 fails to issue a certificate to the corresponding target machine 116. In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 or other components can be configured to keep a record of the target machines 116 for which the certificate authority 205 fails to issue a certificate.
Once the certificates are issued and the corresponding target machines 116 are unblocked, then the cobbler server 102 can use mechanisms and frameworks such as, for example, Red Hat, Incorporated's Func, to establish a secure socket layer (SSL) connection with the corresponding target machines 116. Using Func commands, the cobbler server 102 can be configured to securely managed the transfer of software provisioning files to the target machines 116 via the SSL connection.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of hardware and other resources that can be incorporated in the cobbler server 102 configured to communicate with the network 115, according to embodiments. In embodiments as shown, the cobbler server 102 can comprise a processor 300 communicating with memory 302, such as electronic random access memory, operating under control of or in conjunction with operating system 306. Operating system 306 can be, for example, a distribution of the LinuxTM operating system, the UnixTM operating system, or other open-source or proprietary operating system or platform. Processor 300 also communicates with the provisioning database 120, such as a database stored on a local hard drive. While illustrated as a local database in the cobbler server 102, the provisioning database 120 can be separate from the cobbler server 102 and the cobbler server 102 can be configured to communicate with the remote provisioning database 120.
Processor 300 further communicates with network interface 304, such as an Ethernet or wireless data connection, which in turn communicates with one or more networks 115, such as the Internet or other public or private networks. Processor 300 also communicates with the provisioning database 120 and the certificate authority 205, to execute control logic and perform the secure deployment processes described herein.
While FIG. 3 illustrates the cobbler server 102 as a standalone system comprising a combination of hardware and software, the cobbler server 102 can also be implemented as a software application or program capable of being executed by a conventional computer platform. Likewise, the cobbler server 102 can also be implemented as a software module or program module capable of being incorporated in other software applications and programs. In either case, the cobbler server 102 can be implemented in any type of conventional proprietary or open-source computer language.
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of secure software provisioning in the provisioning environment 200, according to embodiments of the present teachings. In 400, the process can begin. In 402, the cobbler server 102 initiates a software installation action for at least one target machine 116. In embodiments, the action can be initiated automatically, by an administrator of the cobbler server 102, or upon receipt of a credential request from one of the target machines 116.
In 404, the certificate authority 205 receives a certificate signing request from the target machine 116. The certificate signing request can be any type of credential request attempting to establish a secure connection between the cobbler server 102 and the target machine 116. In 406, the certificate authority 205 evaluates the certificate signing request to determine if the target machine 116 is to receive the software provisioning. In embodiments, the system administrator can be locally or remotely notified of the certificate signing request and can manage the approval of the request.
In 408, the certificate authority 205 either issues a certificate or rejects the certificate signing request received from the target machine 116. In embodiments, the certificate signing requests can be automatically manged by the certificate authority 205 or the system administrator according to a defined or future policy. If the certificate authority 205 rejects the certificate signing request, in 410, the certificate authority 205 informs the system administrator or another component that the target machine 116 will not receive the software provisioning. The certificate authority 205 can inform via a notification, alert, email, text message, and the like. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can inform the cobbler server 102 directly.
If the certificate authority 205 issues the certificate, in 412, the certificate authority 205 generates a certificate and sends the certificate to the target machine 116. In embodiments, the certificate authority 205 can notify the cobbler server 102 of the issued certificate. The target machine can request a secure software installation, and the certificate authority 205 can receive the secure installation request from the target machine 116, in 414. The cobbler server 102 can establish an SSL connection with the target module 116. In 416, the cobbler server 102 performs the secure software installation on the target machine 116 using the signed certificate. In embodiments, the cobbler server 102 can manage the provisioning and limit which software files are deployed to which target machines 116. In 418, the process can end, but the process can return to any point and repeat.
While the invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications to the described embodiments without departing from the true spirit and scope. The terms and descriptions used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. In particular, although the method has been described by examples, the steps of the method may be performed in a different order than illustrated or simultaneously. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these and other variations are possible within the spirit and scope as defined in the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a security credential from a target machine to be provisioned with a software installation from a provisioning server, wherein the security credential is received from the target machine prior to the target machine receiving the software installation;
prior to performing the software installation, evaluating, by the processor, the security credential from the target machine to determine whether the target machine is to receive the software installation from the provisioning server; and
generating, by the processor, an action for the software installation on the target machine based on a result of the evaluating.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises a notification that the target machine will not receive the software installation if the evaluating the security credential fails.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises a providing of the software installation to the target machine if the evaluating the security credential succeeds.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the provisioning server is configured to specify files within the software installation to provide to the target machine.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at a certificate authority, the security credential from the target machine.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the evaluating the security credential comprises:
issuing a certificate for the target machine.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by a security administrator, whether the security credential is approved.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
blocking the target machine from receiving the software installation based on the results of the evaluation.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
unblocking the target machine to allow access to the software installation based on the results of the evaluation.

10. A system comprising:
an interface to a target machine; and
a processor in communication with the interface and configured to perform the steps of:
receiving a security credential from the target machine to be provisioned with a software installation from a provisioning server, wherein the security credential is received from the target machine prior to the target machine receiving the software installation;
prior to performing the software installation, evaluating the security credential from the target machine to determine whether the target machine is to receive the software installation from the provisioning server; and
generating an action for the software installation on the target machine based on a result of the evaluating.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the action comprises a notification that the target machine will not receive the software installation if the evaluating the security credential fails.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the action comprises a providing of the software installation to the target machine if the evaluating the security credential succeeds.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the security credential is a certificate signing request.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the step of:
receiving, at a certificate authority, the security credential from the target machine.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein the evaluating the security credential comprises:
issuing a certificate for the target machine.

16. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the step of:
determining, by a security administrator, whether the security credential is approved.

17. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the step of:
blocking the target machine from receiving the software installation.

18. The system of claim 10, wherein the target machine is configured to block from receiving the software installation.

19. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the step of:
unblocking the target machine to allow access to the software installation.

20. The system of claim 10, wherein a certificate authority comprises the processor, and wherein a location of the certificate authority is one or more of: the provisioning server, the target machine, or outside of the provisioning server and the target machine.