DEPLW-1246

State of Maine 

Department of 

Environmental Protection 

2012 Integrated Water Quality 

Monitoring and Assessment Report 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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Table of Contents 

Chapter 1 Preface ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Data Sources and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ 6

Chapter 2 Executive Summary and Response to Comments ...................................................................... 8

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 8

Response to Comments................................................................................................................. 12

Chapter 3 Background ................................................................................................................................ 40

State Atlas and Water Quality Standards ...................................................................................... 40

Highlights for Point Source Pollution Control Programs ................................................................ 43

Extent of Nonpoint Sources of Pollutants and Program Recommendations ................................. 49

The Environmental Impact and Economic & Social Costs/Benefits of Effective Water Quality 

Programs ........................................................................................................................................ 56

Chapter 4 Surface Water Monitoring & Assessments ................................................................................ 58

Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................................. 58

Assessment Criteria ....................................................................................................................... 63

Integrated Report Lists of Categories 1 Through 5 ........................................................................ 68

Rivers / Streams ............................................................................................................................. 75

Lakes / Ponds ................................................................................................................................ 85

Estuaries / Coastal Waters ............................................................................................................ 92

Chapter 5 Wetlands .................................................................................................................................. 105

Background .................................................................................................................................. 105

Development of Wetland Water Quality Standards ..................................................................... 106

Integrity of Wetland Resources .................................................................................................... 108

Extent of Wetland Resources ...................................................................................................... 110

Chapter 6 Groundwater Monitoring & Assessments ................................................................................. 113

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 113

Assessment of Groundwater Quality ........................................................................................... 114

Water Resources Planning Committee ........................................................................................ 115

Chapter 7 Public Health – Related Assessments ..................................................................................... 134

Maine Healthy Beaches Program ................................................................................................ 134

Shellfish Program Monitoring & Assessments ............................................................................. 138

Ocean Fish and Shellfish Consumption Advisories ..................................................................... 139

Freshwater Fish Consumption Monitoring, Assessments and Advisories ................................... 141

Groundwater and Public Health Concerns................................................................................... 144

Chapter 8 Summary of Impaired Waters .................................................................................................. 148

Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 148

New Listings ................................................................................................................................. 148

New Delistings ............................................................................................................................. 159

Status of Delisted Category 5 Waters .......................................................................................... 178

TMDL Development Status .......................................................................................................... 204

Chapter 9 Accessing and Managing Data Used in Making Decisions on Status of Waters ..................... 217

Maine DEP Quality Management System.................................................................................... 217

Environmental and Geographic Analysis Database (EGAD) ....................................................... 217

Listings on Individual Waters ....................................................................................................... 219

Cover photo: wetland on Robert’s Pond, Lyman (DEP biomonitoring unit, 2010) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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Index of Figures 

Figure 6-1 Active and Inactive Landfills in Maine...................................................................................... 122

Figure 6-2 Distribution of Sole Source Public Water Supply Wells for the Ambient Water Quality 

Monitoring Network by Aquifer Type .......................................................................................... 129

Figure 6-3 Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Network Well Location Map .............................................. 130

 

Index of Tables 

Table 2-1 Summary of Changes to Surface Water Assessment Categories – 2010 to 2012 ..................... 9 

Table 3-1 The 2012 Integrated Report State of Maine Atlas ...................................................................... 40 

Table 3-2 CSO Program Summary Statistics ............................................................................................. 45 

Table 3-3 Yearly Summary of SCGP Activities ........................................................................................... 46 

Table 3-4 Permitting/licensing by the Division of Water Quality Management ........................................... 47 

Table 3-5 Priority marine waters with impaired or threatened water quality due to nonpoint source 

pollution. ......................................................................................................................................... 51 

Table 3-6 Atlantic Salmon Watershed Rivers ............................................................................................. 51 

Table 3-7 Maine’s regulated MS4’s ............................................................................................................ 52 

Table 3-8 Section 319(h) Clean Water Act Grant Awards to Maine ........................................................... 56 

Table 4-1 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Rivers and Streams .................................................... 63 

Table 4-2 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Lakes and Ponds ........................................................ 64 

Table 4-3 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Estuarine and Marine Waters ..................................... 64 

Table 4-4 Lake Trophic State Parameters and Guidelines ......................................................................... 66 

Table 4-5 Summary of State Waters Attaining and Not Attaining Standards ............................................. 68 

Table 4-6 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Rivers and Streams ........................... 69 

Table 4-7 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Lakes ................................................. 69 

Table 4-8 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Wetlands ............................................ 70 

Table 4-9 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters ............ 70 

Table 4-10 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Rivers and Streams by Listing 

Cause/Stressor Type ..................................................................................................................... 71 

Table 4-11 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Listing Cause/Stressor Type (Total 

acreage) ......................................................................................................................................... 71 

Table 4-12 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Listing Cause/Stressor Type (by 

Category) ....................................................................................................................................... 71 

Table 4-13 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Wetlands by Listing Cause/Stressor Type .. 72 

Table 4-14 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters by Listing 

Cause/Stressor Type ..................................................................................................................... 72 

Table 4-15 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Rivers and Streams by Source Category.... 72

Table 4-16 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Source Category .......................... 73 

Table 4-17 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Source Category (by Listing 

Category) ....................................................................................................................................... 73 

Table 4-18 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Wetlands by Source Category .................... 74 

Table 4-19 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters by Source 

Category ......................................................................................................................................... 74 

Table 4-20 Maine Water Quality Criteria for Classification of Fresh Surface Waters (38 MRSA §465) ..... 75 

Table 4-21 Percent Distribution of River/Stream Water Classes ................................................................ 76 

Table 4-22 Summary of Changes to Surface Water Assessment Categories – 2010 to 2012* ................. 77 

Table 4-23 "All" and "Significant" Lake Category Information .................................................................... 86 

Table 4-24 Summary of Listing Categories and Subcategories used in the 2012 Assessment of Maine 

lakes. .............................................................................................................................................. 87 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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Table 4-25 Individual Use Support Summary for Lake (acres) in Category 5a (TMDL Needed) .............. 88 

Table 4-26 Trophic Status of Maine Lakes ................................................................................................. 89 

Table 4-27 Lake Rehabilitation Technique Summary (Section 319 Projects) ............................................ 89 

Table 4-28 Maine’s Estuarine and Marine Waters Classification Standards .............................................. 92 

Table 4-29 Area and Percentage of Estuarine and Marine Waters in Each Classification ........................ 93 

Table 5-3 Wetland Mitigation Totals in the Organized Townships ............................................................ 111 

Table 5-2 Permitted Wetland Impact Totals in the Organized Townships ................................................ 112 

Table 6-1 Remediation Priority List Sites – Number of Sites as of December 2011 ................................ 117 

Table 6-2 Current (December 2011) Remediation Priority List Sites – Contamination Summary ........... 118 

Table 6-3 Oil and Hazardous Material Reports - January 2009 through December 2010 ...................... 119 

Table 6-4 Hexazinone Monitoring - 1994 through 2006 .......................................................................... 121 

Table 6-5 Hazardous Waste Sites, Number and Status .......................................................................... 124 

Table 6-6 Nitrate-N Frequency Distributions ............................................................................................ 125 

Table 6-7 Wells testing positive for E. coli or total coliform ..................................................................... 126 

Table 6-8 Wells testing positive for E. coli or total coliform 1/08-12/10 .................................................... 126 

Table 6-9 Underground Injection Control Program Information ............................................................... 126 

Table 6-10 Ambient Aquifer Monitoring Data* ......................................................................................... 131 

Table 7-1 Beaches Participating in Program ............................................................................................ 135 

Table 7-2 2009 Beach Advisory and Closure Information ........................................................................ 137 

Table 7-3 2010 Beach Advisory and Closure Information ........................................................................ 138 

Table 8-1 New Rivers/Streams Listings .................................................................................................... 148 

Table 8-2 New Lakes/Ponds Listings ........................................................................................................ 156 

Table 8-3 New Wetlands Listings ............................................................................................................. 156 

Table 8-4 New Estuarine/Marine Waters Listings ..................................................................................... 158 

Table 8-5 Rivers/Streams Delisted to Another Category .......................................................................... 166 

Table 8-6 Lakes/Ponds Delisted to Another Category .............................................................................. 175 

Table 8-7 Wetlands Delisted to Another Category ................................................................................... 176 

Table 8-8 Estuarine/Marine Waters Delisted to Another Category ........................................................... 177 

Table 8-9 Status of Delisted Category 5 Rivers/Streams ........................................................................ 178 

Table 8-10 Status of Listed and Delisted Category 5 Lakes and Ponds ................................................. 200 

Table 8-11 Status of Delisted Category 5 Wetlands ................................................................................ 202 

Table 8-12 Status of Delisted Category 5 Marine/Estuarine Waters ....................................................... 203 

Table 8-13 Rivers/Streams TMDL Current Project Update ...................................................................... 204 

Table 8-14 Lakes/Ponds TMDL Current Project Update .......................................................................... 215 

Table 8-15 Wetland TMDL Current Project Update .................................................................................. 216 

Table 8-16 Estuarine/Marine Current TMDL Project Update .................................................................... 216 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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CHAPTER 1 PREFACE

Contact: Susanne Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov

This document, which is referred to briefly as the ‘Integrated Report’ or ‘IR’, is submitted to 

fulfill biennial reporting requirements on both a federal and state level. The federal 

requirement arises from the Clean Water Act (CWA), particularly Section 305(b) (report on the 

state of waters), Section 303(d) (list of impaired waters), and Section 314 (Clean Lakes 

Program). The state requirement arises from 38 MRSA Section 464.3.A. (report on the quality 

of the State's waters to the Maine Legislature). The Maine Department of Environmental 

Protection (The Department, DEP or MDEP) assembles these reports with input from many 

sources and recognizes that the Section 305(b) Report and Section 303(d) List are important 

ways of regularly communicating information on the health, current status and trends of the 

State’s waters. 

For the 2012 Integrated Report the Department has updated tabular summaries of water 

quality status (Appendices; Chapter 4 and Chapter 8) that appeared in the 2010 Integrated 

Report. Updates were primarily based on monitoring data collected in 2009 and 2010 

although more recent data was consulted where appropriate. Department staff and external 

contacts have also updated narrative content as needed, including programmatic descriptions 

and summary information. For more in-depth background information about specific water 

quality programs please refer to the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Report, available on the 

web at: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf 

Maine waterbodies are assigned to one of five categories (or sub-categories) that describe 

water quality status in the Integrated Report (Executive Summary, pages 8-12, and Chapters 

4 and 5). Those waters that are currently listed under Category 5 represent U.S. Clean Water 

Act (CWA) Section 303(d) list “impaired waters” and require development and submission of a 

Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) report to the United States Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

The 2012 Integrated Report provides: 

• Delineation of water quality assessment units (AUs), identified by their 10-digit HUC 

(Hydrologic Unit Code) followed by a waterbody-specific code (Appendices II-IV) for 

rivers/streams, lakes/ponds and wetlands; marine/estuarine waterbodies (Appendix V) are 

identified by a Waterbody ID, supplemented by the relevant DMR Area code where 

necessary; river/stream AUs can be viewed using this Google Earth Project (note that the 

project is in development): 

www.maine.gov/dep/gis/datamaps/lawb_integrated_report/lawb_integrated_report.kmz ; 

Note that the United States Geological Survey has replaced the HUC system with the 

WBD (Watershed Boundary Dataset) system. Because of this conversion, a mismatch 

now exists between some HUCs used in the draft IR and current WBDs (former HUCs). 

DEP did not update the HUC part of any AU ID to conform to the new WBD system and is 

retaining the term ‘HUC’ to indicate continued usage of the older system. 

• Water quality attainment status for river/stream, lake/pond, wetland and marine/estuarine 

AUs (Appendices II-V); 

• Basis for the water quality standard attainment determinations for river/stream, lake/pond 

and marine/estuarine AUs (Chapter 4 and Appendices) and for wetland AUs (Chapter 5 

and Appendix IV); 

• Schedules for additional monitoring planned for certain AUs (Appendices II-IV); 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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• Identification of AUs requiring Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) determinations and a 

schedule (priority) for those waters (Chapter 8, Tables 8-13 to 8-16, and Appendices II-V); 

The 2012 Integrated Report presents State of Maine water quality assessment summaries for 

rivers/streams, lakes/ponds and wetlands that have been generated by the Assessment 

Database (ADB). ADB is public domain software developed by EPA to improve states’ ability 

to track and document water quality assessment results. 

Though marine/estuarine assessment data are not currently stored in Maine’s ADB, 

assessment results are reported in the 2012 Appendices. The Department plans to 

incorporate marine/estuarine waterbodies in the ADB over the next two years. 

DATA SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Sources of River and Stream Assessment Data 

The Department generates much of the data for the assessment through the various 

monitoring programs it conducts, notably the Biomonitoring Program, Surface Water Ambient 

Toxics (SWAT) Monitoring Program, the Atlantic Salmon Recovery Plan, and water quality 

studies for specific rivers and streams for waste load allocation and TMDLs. Additionally, 

data are provided from a variety of professional and volunteer monitoring groups. These 

include other state agencies and resources (Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, 

Atlantic Salmon Commission, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Maine 

System), federal agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey, 

National Park Service), other governmental agencies (Saco River Corridor Commission, St. 

Croix International Waterway Commission), tribes (Penobscot Indian Nation, Houlton Band of 

Maliseet Indians) and a number of volunteer watershed groups and conservation 

organizations that are working cooperatively with Department staff under the Maine Volunteer 

River Monitoring Program (VRMP) and that follow an EPA approved Quality Assurance 

Project Plan, or that follow monitoring practices specifically approved by MDEP (Watershed 

councils of the Dennys, East Machias, Machias, Pleasant, Narraguagus, Ducktrap and 

Sheepscot Rivers, Presumpscot River Watch, Royal River Conservation Trust, Sheepscot 

Valley Conservation Association, The Nature Conservancy, Friends of Merrymeeting Bay). 

Sources of Lake Assessment Data 

The Department’s Lake Assessment Section manages much of the data collected from lakes 

within the state. A strong partnership with the Maine Volunteer Lakes Monitoring Program 

(VLMP, Inc.) assures the quality and comparability of the data collected through numerous 

regional entities and local lake associations. Regional entities include Cobbossee Watershed 

District, Lakes Environmental Association, St. Croix International Waterway Commission, 

Allagash Wilderness Waterway, Penobscot Indian Nation, Portland Water District, Auburn 

Water District, Acadia National Park, and Rangeley Lakes Heritage Trust. Data has also 

been acquired from private consultants (such as Lake and Watershed Resource Management 

Assoc., Biodiversity Research Institute, Florida Power and Light as part of regulatory 

requirements) and water utilities that belong to the Maine Water Utility Association. Additional 

data is acquired through the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife (DIF&W) and 

through cooperative projects with the University of Maine System, Colby College, Unity 

College, Soil and Water Conservation Districts and similar entities. Data collected under 

probability based studies conducted within EPA Region I and as part of the National Lake 

Assessment Study being conducted by EPA Headquarters is also considered. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

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Sources of Marine Assessment Data 

The Department utilizes data for assessments in marine waters from its own environmental 

and toxics monitoring programs including the Surface Water Ambient Toxics and the Gulf of 

Maine Council on the Marine Environment’s Gulfwatch project, and to a large extent from a 

variety of governmental agencies, academic institutions, non-profit organizations and 

municipalities, such as the Maine Healthy Beaches program, Maine Department of Marine 

Resources, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, University of Maine, 

BioDiversity Research Institute, Casco Bay Estuary Partnership, Kennebec Estuary Land 

Trust, Marine Environmental Research Institute, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 

Town of Rockport Conservation Commission, and the Wells National Estuarine Research 

Reserve. Additionally, a number of volunteer monitoring groups such as the Bagaduce 

Watershed Association, Friends of Blue Hill Bay, Friends of Casco Bay, Georges River 

Tidewater Association, Mousam and Kennebunk Rivers Alliance, Sheepscot Valley 

Conservation Association, and Spruce Creek Association monitor Maine’s estuarine and 

coastal waters. The Department currently accepts data from organizations with approved 

Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPPs) whose monitoring programs and analytical labs 

enable collection and processing of quality data, and from selected organization with 

Department-approved sampling plans. 

Sources of Wetlands Assessment Data 

The Department generates most of its assessment data for wetlands through the Biological 

Monitoring Program (see Chapter 5 for additional information). Wetland biomonitoring is 

coordinated with the State’s river and stream biomonitoring program using a 5-year rotating 

basin schedule. At present, annual wetland monitoring is primarily focused on freshwater 

lacustrine and riverine fringe wetlands. Under Maine’s Water Classification Program, 

wetlands are classified with associated surface waters. Wetlands that are part of great ponds 

or natural lakes and ponds less than 10 acres in size are considered GPA waters. All 

freshwater wetlands not classified as GPA waters are classified under Sections 467 and 468 

(Classification of Major River Basins and Classification of Minor Drainages) according to the 

drainage basin in which they occur and the classification of associated water bodies. The 

2012 Integrated Report includes class attainment determinations for monitored wetlands 

based on MDEP biologists’ expert evaluation of macroinvertebrate community structure and 

function and statutory narrative aquatic life use criteria (38 MRSA §465). Data for permitted 

wetland gains and losses is provided through the DEP Wetland Loss Tracking System 

maintained by the Division of Land Resource Regulation. 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RESPONSE TO COMMENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Surface Waters 

Updates to water quality assessments for the 2012 Integrated Report were primarily based on 

monitoring data collected in 2009 and 2010 although more recent data was consulted where 

appropriate. The report continues to base assessments of rivers/streams, lakes/ponds, 

wetlands and marine/estuarine waters on the five main listing categories that were initially 

established for these waters in the 2002 report. These five main assessment categories are 

as follows: 

Category 1: Attaining all designated uses and water quality standards, and no use is 

threatened. 

Category 2: Attains some of the designated uses; no use is threatened; and insufficient data 

or no data and information is available to determine if the remaining uses are attained or 

threatened (with presumption that all uses are attained). 

Category 3: Insufficient data and information to determine if designated uses are attained 

(with presumption that one or more uses may be impaired). 

Category 4: Impaired or threatened for one or more designated uses, but does not require 

development of a TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) report. 

Category 5: Waters impaired or threatened for one or more designated uses by a 

pollutant(s), and a TMDL report is required. 

Section 4-1 on Assessment Methodology contains more detailed information on the listing 

categories and sub-categories. 

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The size and percentage results from the 2010 through 2012 Integrated Reports (Table 2-1) 

are not exactly comparable due to changes in assessment and mapping technology over the 

years and correction of errors, but they can give an idea of changes in the approximate 

amounts of waters in each category. For rivers and streams, a number of waterbodies 

(totaling ~240 miles) were administratively moved from Category 4 in 2010 to Category 5 in 

2012 to correct an error in the Assessment Database (ADB), which is used to track 

waterbodies; see pages 78-79 for more information. Note that wetlands areas were 

established for the first time for the 2012 report; therefore, only 2012 data are shown in Table 

2-1 for this waterbody type. 

For rivers and streams, there were increases in both Category 3 (10 waters, 69 miles) and 

Category 5 (7 waters, 125 miles), primarily due to new monitoring data showing that certain 

waters may not be, or are not, attaining uses. Category 4 increased by 59 miles due to 

approval of the Maine Statewide % Impervious Cover TMDL, which moved 30 waters from 

Category 5-A to 4-A; five other waters (94 miles) were moved from Category 5-A to 4-B as a 

result of new permits. TMDL monitoring confirmed attainment of bacteria criteria for two 

waterbodies (3.34 miles) previously listed in Category 4-A and they were moved to Category 

2. Table 2-1 reveals that the lakes and ponds of Maine were relatively stable (as a percent of 

total assessed waters) with respect to their listing categories during the 2010 to 2012 time 

frame. This period saw an increase in Category 2 waters (4 lakes) and the addition of one 

lake (previously in Category 3) to Category 5a. For wetlands there were increases in 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

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Category 5 in 2012 (3 wetlands, 339 acres) as well as in Category 4-A (5 wetlands, 51 acres 

due to TMDL approval). For marine waters, the increase in Category 5 area is due to two 

new listings for non-attainment of Marine Life Use Support standards. No listing changes 

occurred to Category 4; rather, the difference between 2010 and 2012 areas is due to the 

inclusion in 2012 of a segment area for one waterbody, and the correction of the segment 

area for another. One waterbody was delisted to Category 2 due to the removal of a shellfish 

consumption impairment. 

Table 2-1 Summary of Changes to Surface Water Assessment Categories – 2010 to 2012 

Note: These figures do not include waters listed under Category 4-A for atmospheric deposition of mercury 

Rivers and Streams

31,215= Total Miles Assessed in 2010 

31,298=Total Miles Assessed in 2012 

2010 Miles in 

Category 1

% of Total 2010

Assessed Miles

2012 Miles in 

Category 2

% of Total 2012

Assessed Miles

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Miles '10 - '12

Category 1 4,338 13.9 4,338 13.9 0 0

Category 2 25,394 81.4 25,371 81.1 -0.3 -23

Category 3 314 1.0 383 1.2 0.2 69

Category 4 446 1.4 273 0.9 -0.6 -173

Category 5 719 2.3 933 3.0 0.7 214

Lakes

 986,952 = Total Acres Assessed in 2010 

 986,952 = Total Acres Assessed in 2012 

2010 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2010

Assessed Acres

2012 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2012

Assessed Acres

% Change 

'10 – ‘12 

Change in 

Acres '10 - '12

Category 1 295,443 29.9 295,443 29.9 0 0

Category 2 606,236 61.4 606945 61.5 0.1 709

Category 3 410 0.04 0 0 -0.04 -410

Category 4 76,080 7.7 75915 7.7 0 -165

Category 5 8,783 0.9 8649 0.9 -0.01 -134

Wetlands (Acres)

 n/a = Total Acres Assessed in 2010 

 1240 = Total Acres Assessed in 2012 

2010 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2010 

Assessed Acres

2012 Acres in 

Category 2

% of Total 2012 

Assessed Acres

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Acres '10 - '12

Category 1 n/a n/a 0.00 0.0 n/a n/a

Category 2 n/a n/a undetermined n/a n/a n/a

Category 3 n/a n/a 841 67.8 n/a n/a

Category 4 n/a n/a 57 4.6 n/a n/a

Category 5 n/a n/a 342 27.6 n/a n/a

Marine Waters (Acres)

 1,821,434 = Total Acres Assessed in 2010 

 1,840,147 = Total Acres Assessed in 2012 

2010 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2010

Assessed Acres

2012 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2012

Assessed Acres

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Acres '10 - '12

Category 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Category 2 31,718,509 94.35 1,721,748 93.56 -0.80 43,239

Category 3 3,979 0.22 2,835 0.15 -0.07 -1,144

Category 4 598,380 5.41 111,253 66.05 0.64 12,873 6

Category 5 1,709 0.09 4,311 0.23 0.14 2,602+ 7

 
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Marine Waters (Square Miles) 

2,846 = Total Square Miles Assessed in 2010 

2,876 = Total Square Miles Assessed in 2012 

2010 Square 

Miles in 

Category 

% of Total 2010 

Assessed 

Square Miles 

2012 Square 

Miles in 

Category 

% of Total 2012 

Assessed 

Square Miles 

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Square Miles 

'10 - '12 

Category 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Category 2 32685.17 94.35 2,690 93.56 -0.79 44.83

Category 3 6.22 0.22 4.43 0.15 -0.07 -1.79

Category 4 5153.72+ 65.41 174 66.05 0.64 20.28 6

Category 5 2.67 0.09 6.74 0.23 0.14 4.07+ 7

1

 Single-Category Reporting miles as generated by final 2010 cycle ADB. 

2

 Single-Category Reporting miles as generated by final 2012 cycle ADB. 

3

 Category 2 areas are an underestimate as not all areas have been quantified. 

4

 While the area of Category 2 waters increased slightly in 2012, the larger increase in area for Category 4 and 5 waters caused the 

percent of the total 2012 assessed area accounted for by Category 2 waters to decrease slightly. 

5

 2010 numbers only reflect Category 4-A listings; 2012 numbers are for Category 4-A, 4-B-1 and 4-C. 

6

 No listing changes occurred to Category 4. Difference in 2010 and 2012 acreage due to 1) 2012 inclusion of segment acres for 

Waterbody ID 812, and 2) corrected calculation of segment area for Waterbody ID 722-25B. 

7

 Variable additional miles due to Combined Sewer Overflow waters 

All freshwaters in Maine are listed for an impaired Fish Consumption Use caused by mercury 

from sources beyond the region; miles affected by this statewide listing are not recorded in 

Table 2-1. These waters were listed in Sub-Category 5-C in the 2006 Integrated Report. 

These waters were moved to Category 4-A in the 2008 cycle because of US EPA’s approval, 

on December 20, 2007, of a Regional Mercury Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). The New 

England States and New York developed the regional mercury TMDL to address mercury 

impairments that are caused by sources beyond the Region. The State of Maine has already 

taken aggressive action to reduce sources of mercury within the State’s jurisdiction. Further 

mercury reductions will be required from sources outside the State’s boundaries to provide 

the desired reduction of mercury in Maine’s waters. Category 5-D, Legacy Pollutants, includes 

many mainstem river segments that are listed for non-attainment of the Fish Consumption 

use due to PCBs in fish tissue. In September of 2012 EPA approved a statewide % 

Impervious Cover TMDL that resulted in the removal of 30 impaired segments from Category 

5-A to Category 4-A. The TMDL addresses aquatic life use impairments as indicated by 

habitat and dissolved oxygen assessments as well as macroinvertebrate and algae 

(periphyton) bioassessments. 

 

Wetlands 

Maine DEP began development of a biological monitoring and assessment program for 

freshwater wetlands in 1998 as part of the biomonitoring program. The Biological Monitoring 

Program provides water quality information for a wide array of programs, and includes 

ambient monitoring, evaluation of water quality classification attainment, and assessment of 

risks and impacts. 

The wetlands initiative currently focuses on aquatic macroinvertebrates as indicators of 

wetland ecological integrity, and plans to build capacity to assess multiple biological 

assemblages including algae and plant communities. Beginning in 2010, the Biological 

Monitoring Program has included provisional aquatic life use attainment determinations for 

wetlands in this report. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

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Groundwater 

The Groundwater Program is described in Chapter 6. Responsibility for groundwater 

resource assessment and protection is shared among the Department of Environmental 

Protection, the Department of Health and Human Services’ Division of Environmental Health, 

the Maine Geological Survey in the Department of Conservation and the U. S. Geological 

Survey. Several other agencies, particularly the Department of Transportation, Department of 

Agriculture, and State Planning Office (SPO) may investigate groundwater contamination 

problems in certain areas and they also contribute to groundwater protection through 

development of ordinances and management practices that are designed to reduce the risk of 

harming groundwater quality. 

A significant portion of Maine's groundwater may be threatened by contamination, particularly 

in unforested areas, which comprise approximately 11% of the State. Drinking water quality 

is an issue that carries significant public concern for both private and public well supplies. 

Public interest in groundwater is primarily focused on its use as a drinking water supply 

(groundwater provides 60% of all human demand and 75% of livestock demand statewide) 

and on its use as a source of process water for industry. Numerous wells in Maine have been 

made unpotable by pollution from specific point sources and also from nonpoint source 

pollution. Important sources of groundwater contamination in Maine include disposal 

activities such as septic systems and landfills, leaking storage facilities, agriculture, spilled 

hazardous materials or previously unregulated activities. 

Monitoring of groundwater in Maine is either site-specific or generalized. Monitoring at a 

particular site is typically done to gather data on water quality impacts of particular activities, 

and may or may not be research-related. Most of the groundwater data collected in Maine is 

the result of permit conditions, enforcement agreements or impact assessments. With the 

advent of the Environmental and Geographic Analysis Database (EGAD) at the DEP, many of 

these data which are potentially useful for research purposes are now readily made available 

to the public or other agencies in report or map form. This effort enhances the ability of the 

DEP to communicate and report groundwater and other data to the EPA and other state or 

federal agencies, and to share information with the general public. 

Ambient monitoring refers to large-area, long-term monitoring conducted to obtain trend 

information on groundwater quality or quantity. The MGS and the USGS carry out these 

types of monitoring projects under several cooperative agreements. The USGS and MGS 

maintain a statewide network of groundwater observation wells to track changes in water 

quality and quantity. For the purpose of this report, data derived from the DHHS Public Water 

Supply Monitoring Program are used as ambient groundwater quality data. These water tests 

are from single-source untreated public water supply wells. 

Major impediments to effective groundwater protection in Maine include; the lack of data to 

quantify the impact of some nonpoint pollution sources and general public unfamiliarity with 

key groundwater concepts and issues. Public misconception about groundwater is probably 

the major factor contributing to degradation of this resource. The development of a 

comprehensive and accessible database for water data (EGAD) has increased the 

accessibility of the wide variety of data collected on water quality by various state agencies. 

Continuing use of this database will improve operations at the agencies responsible for 

groundwater protection and assessment, and provide a resource for increasing the public’s 

awareness of groundwater issues. Relative to groundwater protection, the principal uses of 

this database are to (1) help design clean-up strategies in areas of known contamination; (2) 

plan future development that provides for better protection of public health and safety; (3) 

assist in prioritizing protection of sensitive groundwater and surface water bodies, wetlands, 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

12 

and other resources; (4) enhance understanding of the spatial relationships between water 

resources and population as they relate to potential or known pollution sources; and (5) 

assess the flow and transport interrelationships between ground- and surface water, in order 

to evaluate groundwater impacts on surface water bodies and on groundwater-dependent 

habitat. 

RESPONSE TO COMMENTS

Process to Solicit Public Comments 

The following subsections detail the actions taken by the Department of Environmental 

Protection to promote the public's knowledge of the existence and availability of the draft 

version of the 2012 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report (Integrated 

Report, or IR, for short, formerly know as the 305b Report). This process was undertaken in 

order to gain comments from the public on the contents and conclusions of the draft report. 

The official period of time when the Report was available for public comment was from April 

10, 2013 to the close of business on May 10, 2013. 

In addition to the public comment process outlined below, the draft version of the 2012 

Integrated Report was reviewed internally by Department staff as well as by US EPA staff in 

order to produce the final version of the Report. 

In response to a comment received during the initial public comment period, the Department 

changed the listing category for one estuarine/marine assessment unit from Category 3 to 5-

A. A second comment period was opened to allow for public review of this change. For 

details of the second comment period see the below (pages 15-23). 

REPORT POSTING ON THE DEPARTMENT'S WEBSITE: 

On April 10, 2013 the Department posted the draft 2012 Integrated Report as two digital files 

in the Adobe® Portable Document Format (PDF) on the public comments section of the 

Department’s web page: www.maine.gov/dep/comment/. Hardcopies of the draft report are 

made available to the public on request. 

MAILING TO THE AGENCY RULEMAKING SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE LIST AND 

OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES: 

The Department offers a subscription service that provides notification of both rulemaking 

changes and rule adoption for all department rules. Subscribers to this service include both 

individual citizens and representatives of organizations that wish to be contacted when the 

DEP releases rulemaking information. On April 26, 2013 the Department e-mailed 

approximately 100 notices to people and entities on the Agency Rulemaking Subscription 

Service List, including all other natural resource agencies within state government. 

The text of that notice follows and is italicized in order to differentiate it from other text 

contained in this Report. 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

13 

Opportunity for Comment 

Draft 2012 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report 

The Maine Department of Environmental Protection has prepared the draft “2012 Integrated Water 

Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report” for submission to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

as required of Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act, and in fulfillment of the reporting 

requirements of 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.3.A of the State of Maine’s Water Classification Program. This

report is available for public comment until 5:00 PM, May 10, 2013. Reviewers of the document should 

pay particular attention to the listing methods required by the USEPA for surface water assessments for 

this report. These methods are described in Chapter 4 of the document. Specific waterbody attainment 

and impairment assignments can be found in the Appendices. 

Comments become part of the public record and are published in the final version of the Report. All 

comments should be sent to: 

By email: IRcomments.DEP@maine.gov 

By fax: 207-287-7826 

Susanne Meidel 

Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

State House Station 17 

Augusta, ME 04333-0017 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/comment/comment.html?id=517066 

Also, during the week of April 10, approximately 130 interested parties (e.g. towns, nongovernmental organizations, tribes) received a comparable notice. The text of that notice 

follows and is italicized in order to differentiate it from other text contained in this Report. 

Maine’s DRAFT 2012 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report 

Available for Public Comment until May 10, 2013 

The Department of Environmental Protection has prepared a draft 2012 Integrated Water Quality 

Monitoring and Assessment Report for submission to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as 

required of Sections 305(b) and 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, and in fulfillment of the reporting 

requirements of 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.3.A of the State of Maine’s Water Classification Program. 

This report is available for public comment until May 10, 2013. Reviewers of the document should pay 

particular attention to the categories and listing methods required by the USEPA for the surface water

assessments in this report. These methods are described in Chapter 4. Specific surface waterbody 

attainment and impairment assignments can be found in the Appendices (a separate file). The appendices 

are broken into four waterbody types: rivers/streams, lakes, wetlands and estuarine/marine waters. 

Categories 1-3 are for waters that are not impaired, categories 4 and 5 are for water segments that are 

impaired for one or more uses. 

The draft documents (2 pdf files) can be found on the Department’s website at: 

www.maine.gov/dep/comment/ 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

14 

We encourage you to review the document and provide comment on this year’s report. Comments 

become part of the public record and are published in the final version of the Report. Comments should 

be sent to: 

Email: IRcomments.DEP@maine.gov 

Fax: 207-287-7826 

Contact: 

Susanne Meidel 

Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

State House #17 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov 

LEGAL NOTICE: 

During the week of April 10, 2013 the Department prepared a legal notice that ran in four daily 

newspapers located around the state. Those newspapers (and approximate current weekday 

circulations) were as follows: The Bangor Daily News (45,000), The Kennebec Journal 

(11,000), The Lewiston Sun Journal (29,000), and The Portland Press Herald (47,000). The 

text of that legal notice follows and is italicized in order to differentiate it from other text 

contained in this Report. 

Legal Notice 

Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

Notice of Public Comment Opportunity for the Draft 

“2012 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring 

and Assessment Report” 

The Department of Environmental Protection has prepared the draft “2012 Integrated Water Quality 

Monitoring and Assessment Report“ for submission to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as 

required of Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act, and in fulfillment of the reporting 

requirements of 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.3.A of the State of Maine’s Water Classification Program. This

report is available for public comment until 5:00 PM, May 10, 2013. Reviewers of the document should 

pay particular attention to the listing methods required by the USEPA for surface water assessments for 

this report. These methods are described in Chapter 4 of the document. Specific waterbody attainment

and impairment assignments can be found in the Appendices. 

The report (2 pdf files) may be found on the Department’s website at: 

www.maine.gov/dep/comment/ 

Comments become part of the public record and are published in the final version of the Report. All 

comments should be sent to: 

By email: IRcomments.DEP@maine.gov 

By fax: 207-287-7826 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

15 

Susanne Meidel 

Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

State House #17 

Augusta, ME 04333 

SECOND PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD

In response to a comment received during the initial public comment period (April 10 to May 

10, 2013), the Department changed the listing category for one estuarine/marine assessment 

unit from Category 3 to 5-A. A second comment period (January 30 to February 14, 2014) 

was opened to allow for public review of this change. The comment period was announced 

via two e-mails, the first to the Department’s Rulemaking Subscription Service List 

(approximately 100 recipients) and the second to other interested parties (approximately 130 

recipients; e.g. towns, non-governmental organizations, tribes). The text of those e-mails 

follows and is italicized in order to differentiate it from other text contained in this Report. 

Dear Interested Party, 

In accordance with Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the U.S. Clean Water Act, the Maine Department of 

Environmental Protection (MDEP) prepared the DRAFT 2012 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report. The Report was available for public comment from April 10 to May 10, 2013. 

In response to a comment that was received during the public comment period MDEP has moved one 

marine assessment unit [Waterbody ID 812-3, Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island)] 

from Category 3 to Category 5-A. The changes from the Draft 2012 Integrated Report are summarized in 

the attached document. At this time, MDEP is soliciting public comment solely on this one category 

change. The public comment period on all other aspects of the Draft 2012 Integrated Report closed on 

May 10, 2013 and a section with MDEP’s responses to comments received by that date will be added to 

the Final 2012 Report. MDEP will not respond to further comments on any portion of the 2012 Report 

aside from the category change for assessment unit 812-3. Comments are due by February 14, 2014. 

Sincerely, 

Susanne Meidel 

Water Quality Standards Coordinator 

ME Department of Environmental Protection 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Phone: 207 / 441-3612 

The text of the attachment that accompanied the e-mails announcing the second public 

comment period follows and is italicized in order to differentiate it from other text contained in 

this Report. 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

16 

Public Comment Opportunity for a Change between Maine’s 2012 DRAFT and 

FINAL Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Report 

The Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP) prepared the “2012 DRAFT 

Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report” (IR) for public comment as 

required of Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act, and in fulfillment of the reporting 

requirements of 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.3.A of the State of Maine’s Water Classification 

Program. The DRAFT report can be viewed here:

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/. The report was available for public comment 

from April 10 to May 10, 2013. During this period, MDEP received a comment regarding the 

listing category for one estuarine/marine assessment unit (AU). In response to that comment, 

MDEP has changed the listing category for the AU in question from Category 3 (Waters with 

Insufficient Data or Information to Determine if Designated Uses are Attained) to Category 5-A 

[Waters Impaired by Pollutants Other Than Those Listed in 5-B Through 5-D (TMDL Required)]. 

MDEP is now offering stakeholders an opportunity to comment on this change. The details of 

the listing change and the edits that were made to the DRAFT IR are shown in the following 

pages. 

By way of two e-mails sent to different MDEP distribution lists, and this file included as an 

attachment, we invite interested parties to review the changes shown below and provide 

comment by 5:00 PM on February 14, 2014. The comments will become part of the public 

record and be published in the final version of the Report. Please note that the public comment 

period on all other aspects of the 2012 DRAFT IR closed on May 10, 2013 and that comments 

received during that period as well as MDEP responses will be included in the final IR. At this 

time, MDEP is not inviting additional comments on any other sections of the 2012 DRAFT IR 

aside from the changes shown below. 

Comments should be sent to: 

Email: IRcomments.DEP@maine.gov 

Fax: 207-287-7826 

Contact: 

Susanne Meidel 

Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

State House #17 

Augusta, ME 04333 

Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

17 

Change in Listing Category for Estuarine/Marine Assessment Unit ‘Portsmouth 

Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island)’ 

Background 

In the 2010 Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Report (IR), Maine DEP (MDEP) listed the 

estuarine portion of the Piscataqua River as a single assessment unit (AU), ‘Piscataqua R. 

Estuary, Kittery, Eliot, So. Berwick’, Waterbody ID 812-1. The AU was listed in Category 3 

based on survey information obtained from the New Hampshire Department of Environmental 

Services (NHDES) which indicated a loss of eelgrass in Maine waters. Based on a field 

assessment and NHDES data review, MDEP split the AU into two units for the 2012 DRAFT IR, 

and placed the upper segment ‘Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery)’, Waterbody ID 812-2, into 

Category 5-A for a Marine Life Use Support impairment with a cause of ‘Nutrient/Eutrophication 

Biological Indicators’. For the lower segment, ‘Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish 

Island)’ (‘Portsmouth Harbor’ for short), Waterbody ID 812-3, MDEP acknowledged that 

eelgrass had declined but in the absence of causal data indicating an impairment MDEP elected 

not to list this AU in Category 5-A but instead placed it in Category 3. 

During the public comment period (4/10 – 5/10/13) for the 2012 DRAFT IR, MDEP received a 

comment questioning the appropriateness of the Category 3 Portsmouth Harbor listing. The 

commenter cited the 2006 EPA IR guidance which specified that “[I]f a designated use is not 

supported and the segment is impaired or threatened, the fact that the specific pollutant is not 

known does not provide a basis for excluding the segment from Category 5. These segments 

must be listed unless the state can demonstrate that no pollutant(s) causes or contribute to the 

impairment.”. As MDEP has acknowledged, eelgrass has declined in the AU in question. In 

response to this comment, and based on additional data review, we are now moving the AU to 

Category 5-A. The following section provides information on the changes that were made to the 

2012 DRAFT IR for this category change. 

List of changes made in 2012 DRAFT IR for Portsmouth Harbor listing change1

The largest change in text was made in Chapter 4, Surface Water Monitoring & Assessments, in 

the subsection on Estuaries/Coastal Waters and specifically within the Summary of Statewide 

Status (p. 69-71 in 2012 DRAFT IR). This summary provides information on the waterbodies 

found in categories 1 through 5 in the 2012 report. The following two paragraphs show the 

changes MDEP has made as a result of moving Portsmouth Harbor from Category 3 to 5-A. 

Category 3: The 2012 assessment removes 5.06 square miles of the Penobscot River segment 

previously listed for lobster tomalley consumption (see Category 2 above). Note that the 2010 

report incorrectly listed this segment as 0.4 square miles, when the segment size is now 

correctly calculated at 5.09 square miles. The 2012 Category 3 listings are also amended 

based on the Category 5 listingsubdivision of the 2010 Piscataqua River estuary (Kittery, Eliot, 

South Berwick) segment 812-1. into Portsmouth Harbor south and west of Gerrish Island 

(Waterbody ID 812-3) and Piscataqua River estuary including Eliot and Kittery (Waterbody ID 

812-2; see also Category 5 below). The continued Category 3 listing of the 2.16 square mile 

segment of the Maine portion of Portsmouth Harbor indicates an acknowledgement of eelgrass 

areal coverage loss in excess of 20% from 1996 to 2011, as documented by New Hampshire 

 

1

 Note that only items that were changed are shown here. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

18 

Department of Environmental Services aerial photography and groundtruthing surveys. This 

segment does not accompany the Piscataqua River estuary segment in Category 5 due to 

insufficient causal data to indicate whether or not the marine life use is impaired based on loss 

of eelgrass.

Category 5: The 2012 assessment assigns an additional 1.914.07 square miles to the Category 

5-A listings based on a Marine Life Use Support impairments within the Piscataqua River 

estuary (Eliot, Kittery) (1.91 square miles) and Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish 

Island) (2.16 square miles). BothThis segments of the estuary waswere listed in Category 3 in 

2010 as part of one larger segment (Waterbody ID 812-1: Piscataqua R. Estuary, Kittery, Eliot, 

So. Berwick). The Piscataqua River Estuary and Portsmouth Harbor areas were and has been 

moved to Category 5 for this reporting cycle as a result of additional available data and 

observations that indicate impairment based on a greater than 20% areal cover loss of eelgrass 

from 1996 to 2011 2010, as documented by New Hampshire Department of Environmental 

Services aerial photography and groundtruthing surveys(see also Category 2). Sufficient 

evidence exists for thise Piscataqua River Estuary segment to attribute include an impairment 

cause of nutrient/eutrophication biological indicators; however, the ‘cause unknown’ designation 

for the Portsmouth Harbor segment acknowledges that insufficient data exist to determine 

whether or not the marine life use is impaired due to pollutants. 

Concomitant changes were also made in Chapter 4, Surface Water Monitoring & Assessments, 

in the subsection on Estuaries/Coastal Waters and specifically within the section on 

nutrients/eutrophication biological indicator causes (p. 73-74 in 2012 DRAFT IR). 

• Eelgrass within the Piscataqua River segment has declined from 299.1 acres to 6.8 acres 

(98% loss) from 1996 to 2010, and that sufficient data exist to assign a Category 5 listing 

for Marine Life Use Support impairment with cause of nutrient/eutrophication biological 

indicators. 

• The Portsmouth Harbor segment west of Gerrish Island has also demonstrated 

considerable eelgrass loss, with a 49% decrease in acreage from 1996 to 2010 and a 62% 

decrease during the same time period when adjusted for decline in both areal coverage 

and plant density. While the DEP acknowledges the loss of eelgrass within this area and 

therefore the Category 5 listing, a ‘cause unknown’ designation a Category 3 listing has 

been assigned until further data collection (planned for summer 2014) and analyses can 

be completed to investigate potential causes reasons for population decline. 

The change in category for the AU in question also necessitated an update in a number of 

summary tables; please see Appendix 1 for details on those items. 

In terms of changes to the IR Appendices, the following two pages show estuarine and marine 

Categories 3 and 5-A lists after the Portsmouth Harbor AU was moved. 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

19 

Note: Bold text indicates waters that were moved into Category 3 during this reporting cycle Category 3: Estuarine and Marine Waters with Insufficient Data or Information Designated Uses are Attained 

Waterbody 

ID 

DMR 

Area Segment Description Segment Size (acres) Segment Size (sq. miles) Segment Class Last Year Sampled Projected Sample Date 

824-2 4-A 

Perkins Cove (Bald Head to mouth of Kennebunk River estuary) 

13 0.02 SB No stations 

or surveys 

812-3 1 Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island) 1,380 2.16 SB 2010 2016

802-26 18-D Quahog Bay (southeast of Pole Island) 590 0.92 SB 2011 2012 722-10 29-B Matinicus Island & Ragged Island 2,203 3.44 SB No stations or surveys Far off the Maine coast - logistical problems 

702-3 60 Little River (Perry) 29 0.05 SB 2011 2012 

 Total = 2,8354,215 4.436.59
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

20 

Note: Bold text indicates waters that were moved into Category 3 during this reporting cycle Category 5-A: Estuarine and Marine Waters Impaired by Pollutants Other Than in 5-B Through 5-D (TMDL Required) 

Waterbody 

ID 

Segment 

Description

Segment 

(acres) 

Segment Size 

(sq. miles) 

Segment 

Class 

Last Year 

Sampled 

Impaired 

Use Cause Source TMDL Priori

812-2 

Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery) 

1,221 1.91 SB/SC 2010 

Marine Life Use Support 

Nutrient/ 

Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Source unknown L 

812-3

Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island)

1,380 2.16 SB 2010

Marine Life Use Support

Cause Unknown Source unknown L 

811-9 

Mousam R. Estuary (DMR Area 6) 

192 0.30 SB 2010 

Marine Life Use Support 

Dissolved Oxygen 

Municipal point source, Nonpoint source, Sediment Oxygen Demand 

2016 

811-8 Saco R. Estuary 576 0.90 SC 1998 Marine Life Use Support Toxicity, Copper Municipal point source, CSOs L 804-7 Fore R. Estuary 768 1.20 SC 2009 Marine Life Use Support Marine life, Toxics 

Municipal point source, CSOs, Stormwater, Hazardous waste sites, Nonpoint 

M 

802-25 Royal R. Estuary 174 0.27 SB 2010 Marine Life Use Support Dissolved Oxygen 

Municipal point source, Stormwater, Nonpoint Source, Sediment Oxygen Demand 

2016 

 Total = 4,3112,931 6.744.58
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

21 

Appendix 1 

Change in Listing Category for Estuarine/Marine Assessment Unit ‘Portsmouth 

Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island)’ 

The change in category for the estuarine assessment unit ‘Portsmouth Harbor (south and west 

of Gerrish Island)’, Waterbody ID 812-3, from Category 3 to Category 5-A necessitated an 

update in the following tables. Note that only items that were changed, or that are closely 

related to the change in question, are shown below.

• Table 2-1, Summary of Changes to Surface Water Assessment Categories – 2010 to 

2012 (p. 10-11 in 2012 DRAFT IR) 

Marine Waters (Acres) 

 1,821,434 = Total Acres Assessed in 2010 

 1,840,147 = Total Acres Assessed in 2012 

2010 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2010 

Assessed Acres

2012 Acres in 

Category 

% of Total 2012 

Assessed Acres

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Acres '10 - '12

Category 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Category 2 31,718,509 94.35 1,721,748 93.5556 -0.80 79 43,239

Category 3 3,979 0.22 4,2152,835 0.240.15 0.02-0.07 236-1,144

Category 4 598,380 5.41 111,253 66.05 0.64 12,873 6

Category 5 1,709 0.09 2,9314,311 0.160.23 0.070.14 1,2222,602+ 

7

Marine Waters (Square Miles) 

2,846 = Total Square Miles Assessed in 2010 

2,876 = Total Square Miles Assessed in 2012 

2010 Square 

Miles in 

Category 

% of Total 2010 

Assessed 

Square Miles 

2012 Square 

Miles in 

Category 

% of Total 2012 

Assessed 

Square Miles 

% Change 

'10 - '12 

Change in 

Square Miles 

'10 - '12 

Category 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Category 2 32685.17 94.35 2,690 93.5556 -0.80 79 44.83

Category 3 6.22 0.22 6.594.43 0.240.15 0.02-0.07 0.37-1.79

Category 4 5153.72+ 65.41 174 66.05 0.64 20.28 6

Category 5 2.67 0.09 4.586.74 0.160.23 0.070.14 1.914.07+ 

7

4

 While the area of Category 2 waters increased slightly in 2012, the larger increase in area for Category 4 and 5 waters caused the 

percent of the total 2012 assessed area accounted for by Category 2 waters to decrease slightly. 

5

 2010 numbers only reflect Category 4-A listings; 2012 numbers are for Category 4-A, 4-B-1 and 4-C. 

6

 No listing changes occurred to Category 4. Difference in 2010 and 2012 acreage due to 1) 2012 inclusion of segment acres for 

Waterbody ID 812, and 2) corrected calculation of segment area for Waterbody ID 722-25B. 

7

 Variable additional miles due to Combined Sewer Overflow waters 

 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

22 

Appendix 1 

• Table 4-5, Summary of State Waters Attaining and Not Attaining Standards (p. 44) 

Waterbody Type 

Total 

Assessed 

for Attaining 

of WQ 

Standards 

– 

Assessed 

for 

Designated 

Uses 

Total with 

Insufficient 

Data for 

Assessment 

– 

Not Assessed 

for Any 

Designated 

Uses 

(Category 3) 

Total Attaining 

All WQ 

Standards 

- 

Supporting All 

Designated 

Uses 

(Category 1) 

Total 

Attaining At 

Least One 

Standard 

– 

Supporting at 

Least One 

Use, But Not 

All Standards 

Assessed 

(Category 2) 

Total Not 

Attaining One 

or More WQ 

Standards 

– 

Not Supporting 

One or More 

Uses – But Not 

Needing a 

TMDL 

(Category 4) 

Total Not 

Attaining One 

or More WQ 

Standards 

– 

Not Supporting 

One or More 

Uses – and 

TMDL is 

Needed 

(Category 5) 

Estuarine/Marine 

Square Miles 2,876 47 0.0 2,690 174 5 7

6

Estuarine/Marine 

(Acres) 1,840,147 4,2152,835 0.0 1,721,748 111,253 2,9314,311 5

• Table 4-9, Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Estuarine and Marine 

Water (p. 46) 

CWA Goals Designated Use 

Size Fully 

Supporting – 

Attaining WQ 

Standards 

(square miles) 

Size Not 

Supporting – 

Not Attaining 

WQ Standards 

(square miles) 

Size Not 

Attainable – 

UAA 

Performed 

(square miles)

Protect & 

Enhance 

Ecosystems 

Marine Life 2,838836 810 0 

• Table 4-14 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters 

by Listing Cause/Stressor Type (p. 48) 

Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired 

(square miles) 

Unknown 2 

• Table 4-19 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters 

by Source Category (p. 50) 

Source Category (examples) Size Impaired (square miles) 

Unknown 24
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report 

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

23 

• Table 8-4 New Estuarine/Marine Waters Listings (p. 134) 

Waterbody 

ID Segment Description Cause

Category

Commen

2010 2012 Other 2012 

812-2 Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery) Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 3 1 5-A none New listing for Marine Life Use im

eelgrass areal extent and density since 1996. 

812-3 (DMR Area 1) 

Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island) N/ACause Unknown 3 1 35-A none New listing for potential Marine Li

on eelgrass areal extent and densdocumented since 1996.documen

1 Waterbody ID was 812-1 in 2010 report.

• Table 8-16 Estuarine/Marine Current TMDL Project Update (p. 193) 

Waterbody 

ID Segment Description Cause Project Status 

T

812-2 Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery) Nutrient/ Eutrophication Biological Indicators TMDL dictated by NH licensing and ME nitrogen criteria processes. 812-3 Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island) Cause Unknown TMDL contingent on identification of impairment cause(s); data collection planned for summer 2014 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

24 

Summary of Public Comments and Responses 

The Department received a number of comments during the first official public 

comment period (April 10 to May 10, 2013) and one comment during the second 

official public comment period (January 30 to February 14, 2014) and wishes to thank 

all persons who provided input. DEP received substantive comments from the parties 

listed below and those comments are either quoted or paraphrased and presented in 

italic typeface. A DEP response follows each comment and summarizes any actions 

taken by the Department in response to the comment. If the text does not indicate that 

any changes were made to the Integrated Report, then none were made. The single 

comment received during the second comment period is focused on the issue of water 

quality impairment in Portsmouth Harbor in the Piscataqua River (see Great Bay 

Estuary Impairments, page 32). The Department also received a number of minor 

comments regarding e.g. typos, unclear language or small errors or omissions. These 

items have all been addressed in the final version of the report. 

DATA TIME FRAME OF THE REPORT

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP: 

Should 2011 and 2012 data be used to supplement the 2009 and 2010 data that were 

used for the majority of the assessments/decisions/actions? Should certain narrative 

portions of the report be updated to reflect recent events? 

MDEP Response: 

Since the 2002 report, the MDEP has used a system where public data solicitation 

and DEP assessments are based on data from the second and third year prior to a 

report year (e.g. 2009 and 2010 data for 2012 report). This system was instituted for 

purposes of timely report preparation. In an effort to enable timely reporting for the 

2014 cycle, DEP has attempted to retain the existing data time frame with few 

exceptions. (Note that select narrative portions of the report do reference events that 

occurred in 2011 or 2012 but not 2013 and that one segment was moved from 

Category 4-A to 4-B based on 2012 permits.) 

LISTING FOR ANDROSCOGGIN VERSUS PENOBSCOT RIVER SEGMENTS

Paraphrased comments from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

• Ken Gallant, Verso Paper Corporation 

Why are certain Penobscot River segments where enforceable controls are in place 

listed in ‘Category 4-B: Rivers and Streams Impaired by Pollutants – Pollution Control 

Requirements Reasonably Expected to Result in Attainment’ but one Androscoggin 

River segment where similar controls are in place is listed in Category 4-A defined as 

‘a TMDL is complete but insufficient data exists to determine that attainment has been 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

25 

achieved’? Both rivers should be treated in a consistent manner and be listed in 

Category 4-B. 

MDEP Response: 

The Penobscot River segments in question were moved from Category 5-A in the 

2010 Integrated Report to Category 4-B in the 2012 draft report based on new 

wasteload allocations (WLAs) and permits with new phosphorus limits issued in May 

2011. These delistings were based on water quality survey data from 1997, 2001, and 

2007, as explained in the DEP’s WLA modeling report, and re-issuance of the relevant 

permits occurred early enough in the 2012 report preparation to allow incorporation of 

the changes. The Androscoggin River segment in question 

(ME0104000208_424R_01, Androscoggin R, Main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island 

Dam) was listed in the 2012 draft report in Category 4-A, already delisted from 

Category 5-A in 2006 due to a 2005 TMDL and a 2010 TMDL modification. MPDES 

permits establishing effluent limits for the mills were issued in 2012, i.e. considerably 

beyond the time frame covered by the 2012 Integrated Report, and were thus initially 

not used for the 2012 report. However, DEP has now moved this listing to Category 

4-B based on the 2012 permits. 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER GULF ISLAND POND IMPAIRMENTS

Paraphrased comments from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

• Ken Gallant, Verso Paper Corporation 

The Androscoggin River Gulf Island Pond (GIP) segment is still listed as impaired for 

algae blooms, BOD, phosphorus and TSS. According to the DEP’s 2010 Gulf Island 

Pond Monitoring Program Report “‘No algal blooms were observed in 2010, and 

based on monitoring data obtained annually since 2004, the Department finds that 

water quality in GIP is suitable for the designated use of recreation in and on the 

water.” This segment should no longer be listed as impaired for these causes. 

MDEP Response: 

DEP is moving this listing to Category 4-B in the current cycle and will re-evaluate it in 

the 2014 reporting cycle based on available data. Note that the 2010 GIP Monitoring 

Program Report was not officially released until 2012 and therefore the data were not 

used for the 2012 Integrated Report. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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26 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER GULF ISLAND POND DO IMPAIRMENT

Paraphrased comments from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

In the first paragraph on page 74, the last two sentences should be revised as follows: 

“... Consequently, the water quality has been improved. While water quality still does 

not meet dissolved oxygen standards due to sediment oxygen demand from historic 

discharges and non-point sources, the new permits and certification in conjunction 

with expected reductions in non-point source loadings are expected to result in 

attainment within the permit period.” 

MDEP Response: 

Non-point sources are not considered to be a significant contributor to non-attainment 

of dissolved oxygen criteria. As stated in the Gulf Island Pond TMDL there are limited 

opportunities for non-point source controls within this watershed that would be 

significant enough to make a difference in phosphorus loading during the summer 

season when non-attainment conditions occur in the pond. Hence control of non-point 

source pollution is not a feasible solution to address the non-attainment of DO criteria 

attributable to sediment oxygen demand. 

CATEGORY FOR DIOXIN LISTINGS (2 COMMENTS) 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Is 4-B the correct category for waters affected by dioxin if no discharge is present? 

MDEP Response: 

The 1997 ‘Dioxin law’ at 38 MRSA §420(2)(I) prohibited discharge of dioxin from 

bleach kraft pulp mills after December 31, 2002. Evidence of a discharge was that 

concentrations of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-furan and 2, 3, 7, 8-

tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were above nominal detection limits in bleach plant 

effluent and that levels of dioxin, as defined in section 420-B, subsection 1-A, 

paragraph A detected in fish tissue sampled below the mill's wastewater outfall are 

higher than levels in fish tissue sampled at an upstream reference site not affected by 

the mill's discharge or on the basis of a comparable surrogate procedure acceptable to 

the commissioner (above/below or A/B test). The Department required the mills to 

pass the A/B test for two consecutive years. The Department determined that the pulp 

and paper mills passed the A/B test and were no longer discharging measurable 

levels dioxins in the Androscoggin River and Kennebec River by 2004 and in the 

Penobscot River by 2005. Nevertheless, a residual amount of dioxin remains in some 

rivers from historical discharges, elevated enough to warrant Fish Consumption 

Advisories. The existence of Fish Consumption Advisories constitutes nonattainment of the designated use of ‘fishing’ in the Water Quality Standards for these 

rivers. Monitoring demonstrates that concentrations in fish are declining and in time it 

is expected that concentrations will be low enough to no longer require the Fish 

Consumption advisories. Therefore, these waters are appropriately listed in Category 
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27 

4-B: Rivers and Streams Impaired by Pollutants - Pollution Control Requirements 

Reasonably Expected to Result in Attainment. 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

Under Listing Causes, Stressors and Sources of Impairment, the section ‘Causes 

(Table 4-10)’ identifies that the greatest number of impaired miles is due to toxic 

contamination, including legacy pollutants such as DDT, dioxin and PCBs. River miles 

impaired by PCBs are listed in Category 5-D ‘Legacy Pollutants’ while river miles 

impaired by dioxins are listed in Category 4-B, but should be changed to Category 5-

D. 

Also in the same section is the following sentence: “While absolute elimination of the 

production of dioxin from the pulp and paper bleaching process has probably not been 

accomplished, measureable differences above and below sources of dioxin are no 

longer detectable.” Since there are no longer any measureable differences above and 

below mills, the first part of the sentence should be deleted. 

MDEP response: 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used as dielectric and coolant fluids, for 

example in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors all over the United States. 

PCB emissions, followed by long-range transport and atmospheric deposition, is 

thought to be a significant source of PCBs to waters of the US. Due to PCBs' 

environmental toxicity and classification as a persistent organic pollutant, PCB 

production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979. Consequently, 

concentrations in the environment have declined to some extent since then, but 

residuals remain a legacy of historical emissions. Concentrations of PCBs in some 

Maine rivers exceed or contribute to an exceedance of the Maine Center for Disease 

Control and Prevention’s (Me-CDC) Fish Tissue Action Level (FTAL), resulting in a 

Fish Consumption Advisory. Specific Maine sources of PCBs to fish in the state’s 

rivers are not well known or controlled and thus these rivers are listed in Category 5-D: 

Rivers and Stream Impaired by Legacy Pollutants. To the contrary, sources of 

significant amounts of dioxins in fish from Maine rivers were relatively well known to 

be discharges from certain industrial facilities. Institution of controls has resulted in 

elimination of the discharge of measurable levels of dioxins, yet residuals persist due 

to historical discharges to an extent that the Fish Consumption Advisories remain. 

Consequently the affected river reaches are listed in Category 4-B: Rivers and 

Streams Impaired by Pollutants - Pollution Control Requirements Reasonably 

Expected to Result in Attainment. 

Given that the Department has found that there is no measureable discharge of dioxin 

from bleached kraft pulp mills in Maine, the phrase ‘While absolute elimination of the 

production of dioxin from the pulp and paper bleaching process has probably not been 

accomplished,’ has been deleted. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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DIOXIN IMPAIRMENT IN PENOBSCOT RIVER

Comment from: 

• Dennis McComb, Lincoln Paper and Tissue, LLC 

The segment of the Penobscot River from Cambolassee Stream to the Piscataquis 

River is listed in Category 4-B for dioxin. Given the existing dioxin monitoring results 

in fish tissue for dioxin as defined in state statute, 38 MRSA§ 420-B1-A, it is our 

understanding that the levels of dioxin did not exceed the FTAL. A separate listing for 

PCBs may be warranted but PCBs are not dioxin. 

MDEP Response: 

Concentrations of dioxin alone in fish from the Penobscot River in the reach from 

Cambolasse Stream to the Piscataquis River are below the Maine Center for Disease 

Control and Prevention’s (Me-CDC) Fish Tissue Action Level (FTAL) for dioxin-like 

compounds, which include dioxins and dioxin-like coplanar PCBs. However, when 

combining concentrations of dioxins with concentrations of dioxin-like coplanar PCBs, 

the FTAL for dioxin-like compounds is exceeded. Because both dioxins and PCBs 

contribute to this exceedance, the segment in question is listed in Category 4-B for 

dioxins, for which local sources have been identified and controlled, and in Category 

5-D for PCBs, which are considered to be primarily a legacy of unknown, regional or 

national historical sources. 

MERCURY VERSUS DIOXIN/PCB IMPAIRMENT

Paraphrased comments from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

• Kenneth Gallant, Verso Paper Corporation 

Under Main Stem of Major Rivers it is noted that the primary impairment on larger 

rivers is non-attainment of the fish consumption use due to legacy PCBs and dioxin in 

fish tissue. Why is there is no mention of mercury in fish tissue even though there is a 

state-wide fish consumption advisory for it? 

MDEP Response: 

The primary impairment issue for large rivers is legacy dioxins and PCBs because 

they result in fish consumption advisories more stringent than the statewide mercury 

advisory for most of the freshwater fish consumed. To indicate the existence of a 

mercury impairment, we have however inserted a footnote in the paragraph in 

question. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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29 

MERCURY VERSUS DIOXIN/PCB ADVISORY

Comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Essentially, the dioxin & coplanar PCB concentrations are dropping toward, or are at, 

background, while mercury remains elevated. Therefore, the state-wide mercury 

advisory is, in most or all cases, protective of dioxin and coplanar PCB exposure. This 

fact is alluded to in the advisory shown on page 135 of the draft document, but it could 

be made more clear in the text. 

MDEP response: 

The Maine Department of Human Services Guidelines about Eating Freshwater Fish 

was carefully worded to convey the desired message and needs to be read in its 

entirety. The statewide mercury advisory is protective of dioxin and coplanar PCB 

exposure only for “Pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant, 

and children under age 8” who eat freshwater fish that are not brook trout and 

landlocked salmon. For this population who eat trout and salmon and for “All other 

adults and children older than 8”, dioxin and coplanar PCB exposure is not 

protected by the statewide mercury advisory, but in fact requires the river specific 

advisories, which are more restrictive. 

DIOXIN VERSUS PCB IN FISH TISSUE ACTION LEVEL

Paraphrased comment: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

• Dennis McComb, Lincoln Paper and Tissue, LLC 

It appears that dioxin-like coplanar PCBs are added to dioxins; please clarify if dioxins 

included PCBs in 2009 and 2010. 

MDEP Response: 

Dioxins refer to dioxins only, and PCBs refer to PCBs only. When coplanar PCBs are 

measured they are explicitly described as such. The 2009 PCB data were for total 

PCBs; no dioxins were measured in 2009. 

CONSENT AGREEMENT ON PENOBSCOT RIVER

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

The Penobscot River section of ‘Main Stems of Major Rivers’ incorrectly references 

‘upstream mills’ that were involved in the Administrative Consent Agreement when 

only one mill was involved. Also, since subsequent specific permit limitations for 

nutrients are the key factor expected to ensure continued aquatic life attainment, the 

reference to the Consent Agreement is outdated and unnecessary. 
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30 

MDEP Response: 

Information on the Consent Agreement was included to provide historical context and 

has therefore been retained. The reference to ‘upstream mills’ was indeed incorrect 

and has been updated to read ‘one upstream mill’. 

DISSOLVED OXYGEN DATA ON PENOBSCOT RIVER

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Dennis McComb, Lincoln Paper and Tissue, LLC 

Has analysis of 2012 dissolved oxygen (DO) data for two critical reaches of the 

Penobscot River been finalized? If DO criteria were attained in 2011 and 2012, the 

segments should not be assumed to be in non-attainment. 

MDEP Response: 

The final data report has not been released and therefore the analysis results are still 

in preliminary form. To conclusively establish that DO criteria are attained, data 

indicating such attainment and/or other indicators of attainment must be measured for 

more than two years. If the segments in question show continued DO criteria 

attainment, DEP will initiate a delisting for this cause in a future reporting cycle. 

THE NEED TO SWIFTLY ADOPT MAINE’S NUTRIENT RULE

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Ivy Frignoca, Conservation Law Foundation 

A review of the appendix containing the rivers and streams listed in Categories 3 

through 5 reveals that a large percentage of segments has impairments related to 

nutrient loading. This review mandates the conclusion that nutrient loading is a major 

cause of water pollution in Maine. We request an update in the Integrated Report on 

the status of the freshwater nutrient criteria being developed by DEP and the impact 

they will have on permits and the cleanup of nutrient-impaired segments. 

MDEP Response: 

There has been no change in the status of Chapter 583: Nutrient Criteria for Surface 

Waters since the release of the DRAFT Integrated Report. For the current status of 

the nutrient criteria please visit the following website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/nutrient-criteria/index.html.

MCCAIN FOODS MEPDES PERMIT

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Ivy Frignoca, Conservation Law Foundation 

CLF requests that the comments section for the Category 3 Aroostook River segment 

(ME0101000413_148R, Main stem between confluence with Presque Isle Stream and 

3 miles upstream of Caribou water supply intake) be revised to reflect the status of the 
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Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

31 

nutrient rule and the pending MEPDES permit for McCain Foods and detail a timeline 

for implementation of both. 

MDEP Response: 

DEP is actively working on data analysis that will form the basis for the MEPDES 

permit renewal for McCain Foods. Information on the status of the nutrient rule is 

provided in the report in Chapter 4, section ‘Data Interpretation’, as well as the website 

provided above; this information is not repeated in comments to individual assessment 

units listed in the appendices for the sake of brevity and to avoid redundancy. 

TOXIC IMPACTS TO MARINE WATERS

Comment from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

Page 90 Toxics- Delete the sentence that states, “Industrial point sources have been 

“the largest contributing source category for dioxin”.

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

There is a general description of toxic impacts to marine waters on page 90. The 

general description is confusing because it is not clear which toxics are actually 

impairing marine waters. Is it PCBs, dioxins or a combination thereof? The statement 

is made that industrial point sources have been “the largest contributing source 

category for dioxin” and “account for most of the shellfish consumption listed waters.” 

DEP supplies no evidence to support these statements. In fact, DEP acknowledges 

later in the same paragraph that pulp and paper mills are no longer discharging 

measurable amounts of dioxin. It is not clear what other industrial loads are 

contributing to dioxin levels in marine waters and whether there are levels of dioxin, as 

defined under state law, that exceed FTALs in marine waters. Is an “elevated” level of 

dioxin the same as a level above the FTAL? 

MDEP Response: 

There has been a lobster tomalley consumption advisory for all marine waters in place 

since 1994 due to dioxins and PCBs. Data from 1993-1996 show that dioxins were 

highest in lobsters captured in estuaries of rivers with bleached kraft pulp mills, 

consistent with freshwater fish data, while PCBs are higher along the Southern Maine 

coast than Downeast. More recent data from 2010 confirm that dioxin levels remain 

higher in lobsters from the same estuaries (see page 99). Regarding the statement 

noted by the commenters, we have amended the sentence to read ”Industrial point 

sources have historically been the largest contributing source category for dioxin.” 

‘Elevated’ means higher than expected in natural background, which may or may not 

exceed the FTAL. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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GREAT BAY ESTUARY IMPAIRMENTS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Ivy Frignoca, Conservation Law Foundation 

CLF strongly supports Maine DEP’s listing of the Piscataqua River Estuary segment 

(ID 812-2) under Category 5 for Marine Life Use Support impairment with a cause of 

nutrient/eutrophication biological indicators. With respect to the Portsmouth Harbor 

segment (ID 812-3) of the estuary, however, CLF disagrees with Maine DEP’s 

Category 3 designation; instead, this segment should be listed in Category 5 due to 

the documented loss of eelgrass cover and therefore loss of critical habitat. This 

segment must be listed unless the state can demonstrate that no pollutant(s) causes 

or contribute to the impairment. 

MDEP Response: 

 As MDEP has acknowledged, eelgrass has declined in the segment in question. In 

response to this comment, and based on additional data review, MDEP has moved 

the segment to Category 5-A. 

Paraphrased comment received during second official public comment period from: 

• Ivy Frignoca, Conservation Law Foundation 

• Thomas Irwin, Conservation Law Foundation 

For the reasons set forth in our comments of May 10, 2013, CLF strongly supports 

Maine DEP’s recently announced change to its DRAFT report. We commend Maine 

DEP for making this change and fully support its incorporation into the FINAL 2012 

Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Report. 

OVERBOARD DISCHARGE REMOVALS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Johnson, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Division of 

Water Quality Management 

The Category 2 listings for licensed Overboard Discharge (OBD) septic systems in 

marine and estuarine waters should be updated to reflect OBDs that have been 

removed. 

MDEP Response: 

The Department updated OBD comments in Category 2 for Estuarine and Marine 

Waters based on commenter-provided removal dates extending through the end of the 

assessment period. The Department subsequently solicited from the Maine 

Department of Marine Resources (DMR) updates to the “Reason for DMR Closure” 

column for those Segment Descriptions where OBD status had been updated since 

the draft 2012 report was distributed for public comments. Based on the DMR 

response, the Department revised the “Reason for DMR Closure” descriptions for 

status and/or closure reason. As of the end of the 2012 report assessment period, 

marine OBDs had been removed in 22 segments as compared to information 
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Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

33 

presented within the 2010 report. These 22 OBD removals corresponded with the 

opening of five DMR Areas for shellfish harvest. For the next listing cycle, the 

Department intends to have revised assessment units for marine and estuarine 

waters, and will align these units with DMR closure areas as much as possible. At 

that time, the Department will collaborate with the DMR to reevaluate proper listing 

status for those shellfish harvest areas that remain closed due to total coliform 

bacteria or specified indicator organisms. 

CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY INPUT

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Was the Center for Biological Diversity provided a copy of the draft report prior to 

other members of the public?

MDEP Response: 

The Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) was not provided a copy of the draft 2012 

report prior to other members of the public. The CBD listing request, dated December 

22, 2011, was submitted to the DEP during the 2012 Integrated Report data 

solicitation period, not the public comment period, to enable the DEP to consider the 

information and references therein when preparing the 2012 303(d) list for marine 

waters. The CBD letter can be made available by the DEP upon request. 

MARINE WATERS IN TABLE 2-1 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

In Table 2-1, under Category 2, Marine Waters, the percent change between 2010 

and 2012 is noted as minus 0.80. Yet the change in acreage is an increase of 3,239. 

Should the percent change be plus 0.80? This question applies for both Category 2 

(acreage and square miles) calculations. 

MDEP Response: 

The negative value is correct. While the area of Category 2 waters increased slightly 

in 2012 (by ~0.2 %), the areas of Category 4 and 5 waters increased more 

substantially (by 13.1 and 71.5 %, respectively). As a result, those two categories 

make up a larger percentage of the total assessed waters in 2012 (6.21 % combined) 

compared to 2010 (5.5 %) causing the Category 2 percentage to decline somewhat 

(from 94.35 % in 2010 to 93.55 % in 2012), in spite of a small increase in area. We 

have added an explanatory footnote (#4) to the -0.80 % values in Table 2-1. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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34 

RESIDUAL DESIGNATION AUTHORITY TO SUPPLEMENT THE IC TMDL 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Ivy Frignoca, Conservation Law Foundation 

CLF supports DEP’s use of the IC Method but advocates – as it did in its comments to 

the Draft IC-TMDL - that DEP also exercise Residual Designation Authority (RDA) 

where appropriate to reduce the impacts of urban runoff. . . . To the extent that RDA 

authority can be used to minimize runoff from some of the point sources identified like 

storm drains or to define a category of sites that could be subject to a general permit, 

similar to the approach utilized for Long Creek but on a smaller scale, DEP should 

exercise RDA and move the stream segment to Category 4B to regulate the 

improvement of water quality. 

MDEP Response: 

The 2012 Integrated Report lists the streams that were included in the Department’s 

approved Impervious Cover TMDL. With the TMDL for these impaired waters 

completed, the focus will next shift to implementation, which in many cases will 

necessitate the preparation of a watershed management plan to develop more specific 

actions to implement the targets identified in the TMDL (or to adjust them). Use of 

Residual Designation Authority would be one of several tools that could then be used 

to implement the plan. However, implementation measures are beyond the scope of 

what is included in the IR, so no changes have been made to it based on this 

comment.

IMPERVIOUS COVER TMDL AND PUBLIC REVIEW PROCESS

Paraphrased comments from: 

• John Branscom, MTA (Maine Turnpike Authority) 

• Tamara Lee Pinard, Interlocal Stormwater Working Group 

During the stakeholder involvement period that was part of the process to develop the 

IC TMDL, many communities questioned why their streams were being included in the 

IC TMDL. DEP staff responded that the time to provide comment on 303(d) listing 

would be during the public comment period of the 2012 Integrated Water Quality 

Report (Report). However, notifications regarding the public comment period for the 

2012 DRAFT IR did not reach all parties interested in providing comments (specifically 

MTA and stakeholders affected by the IC TMDL) in a timely fashion. We request a 30-

day extension of the comment period. 

MDEP Response: 

DEP publicized the 30-day public comment period in a variety of ways as detailed in 

the report. Specifically, an e-mail regarding the public comment period was e-mailed 

to the Executive Director of the MTA as well as officials from all cities/towns (except 

for one) that form part of ISWG on April 10. DEP provided sufficient time for public 

comment and cannot extend (re-open) the public comment period. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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35 

IC TMDL AUTHORITY

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Regarding the percent impervious cover TMDL that affected 30 impaired segments, 

does the state of Maine or EPA have the authority to develop and approve TMDLs that 

are based on a non-pollutant such as impervious cover? 

MDEP Response: 

This question is outside the scope of the Integrated Report. The report merely lists 

the waters that were included in the EPA-approved TMDL and as a result moved from 

one report category to another report category. 

DELISTING PROCESS

Paraphrased comments from: 

• John Branscom, Maine Turnpike Authority 

• Tamara Lee Pinard, Interlocal Stormwater Working Group 

Please provide clarification on: 

1) the delisting process (Category 5-A to 4-A) for assessment units (AUs) that are 

included in a TMDL; 

2) how additional assessment units (AUs) will be added to the approved Impervious 

Cover (IC) TMDL; and 

3) when and how the public would be notified of delistings (Category 5-A to 4-A) due 

to TMDL approval. 

MDEP Response: 

1) Assessment units that are included in a TMDL report are moved from Category 5-

A to 4-A following EPA-approval of that report (see page 62 below, last bullet 

under the header ‘Delisting from an Impaired to an Unimpaired Category’). 

2) For additional AUs that will be added to the approved IC TMDL, DEP will go 

through the routine process of developing a TMDL report, i.e. draft a TMDL 

document (in this case prepare the same type of stream-specific appendix that 

was provided in the original IC TMDL document for each stream), meet with 

stakeholders, provide a public comment period, amend the document as 

appropriate based on any input received, and submit the document to EPA for 

approval. 

3) Once EPA has approved a TMDL, the relevant waterbody will be moved from 

Category 5-A to 4-A and this delisting action will be reflected in the next Integrated 

Report. Typically the DEP TMDL writer will notify the stakeholders who have been 

part of the public review process when a TMDL has been approved. All approved 

TMDLs and supporting information can be found on DEP’s website at 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/tmdl/tmdl2.html . 
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STATEWIDE NPS TMDL 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• John Branscom, MTA (Maine Turnpike Authority) 

Please provide an explanation of the proposed statewide NPS TMDL in the 

forthcoming response to comments. 

MDEP Response: 

The purpose of the TMDL, which is still in the development phase, is to address nonurbanized streams that do not attain water quality criteria due to nutrient enrichment. 

This TMDL uses the same approach as previously approved TMDLs for Dudley Brook 

and Prestile Stream, which can be found on the DEP website at 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/tmdl/tmdl2.html. Further details on the 

forthcoming TMDL will be provided during the period of public comment and 

engagement. 

USE OF DATA OLDER THAN 5 YEARS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Does the Department use data older than 5 years for attainment/non-attainment 

decisions? Is the use of such data consistent with the use of such data for other DEP 

permitting and licensing decisions? 

MDEP Response: 

MDEP uses the latest available data to make (non-)attainment decisions in all 

categories; if necessary, that may include data older than 5 years. Usage of older 

data is explained on pages 58-62. The approach used for making (non-)attainment 

decisions for purposes of the Integrated Report is independent of that used for 

licensing/permitting decisions and hence does not need to be the same. 

BOD LISTINGS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

On what basis are waters listed for BOD impairment?

MDEP Response: 

Waters are listed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) when that indicator provides 

supporting information as one cause of dissolved oxygen impairment. The BOD test 

is used for determining the relative oxygen requirements of municipal and industrial 

wastewaters. Application of the test to organic waste discharges allows calculation of 

the effect of the discharges on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the receiving 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

37 

water. In addition, BOD may also be used as an input parameter in water quality 

models whose use is explained under ‘Dissolved Oxygen’ on page 66, below. 

CLASS AA AND A BIOLOGICAL EXPECTATIONS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

The description of the biological monitoring of rivers and streams notes that Class AA 

and Class A waters have the same aquatic life criteria and biological expectations. 

The aquatic life criteria listed under Class AA and Class A are not the same because 

Class A has a specific numeric criterion for dissolved oxygen whereas Class AA has a 

narrative criterion. 

MDEP response: 

For Class AA (MRSA 38, section 465.1.B.), aquatic life and dissolved oxygen (DO) 

both ‘shall be as naturally occurs’. For Class A (MRSA 38, section 465.2.A. and 

465.2.B.), aquatic life and DO are treated separately: as in Class AA, aquatic life ‘shall 

be as naturally occurs’ but, in contrast to Class AA, there are specific criteria for DO in 

Class A. Since the text questioned by the commenter only addresses aquatic life 

criteria, which are the same in both classes, no changes were made to the text. 

NARRATIVE AQUATIC LIFE CRITERIA AND CHAPTER 579 

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Under Aquatic Life Monitoring, Biological Monitoring of Rivers and Streams, it is noted

that a Department biologist determined attainment of narrative aquatic life criteria 

using expert judgment to evaluate structure and function of the stream algal and 

wetland macroinvertebrate communities. It is also noted that Chapter 579 will be 

amended to include models following standard public review protocols after they have 

been adequately tested. Should attainment determinations and categorizations for 

stream algal and macroinvertebrate communities not be deferred until after public 

review and proper adoption of amendments to Chapter 579? 

MDEP response: 

Regarding determination of aquatic life criteria for stream algae and wetland 

macroinvertebrates, we further clarify that for the 2012 report department biologists 

have made expert judgment determinations based on interpretation of statutory 

narrative criteria already contained in the Water Classification Program and not based 

on Chapter 579 rules. Expert judgment determinations are informed by biological data 

and metrics, taxa tolerance values and other autecological information, including 

statistical modeling. DEP biologists evaluate biological monitoring data to identify 

detrimental changes in community structure and function compared with natural 

systems. The text of the section in question (pages 84-85, below) has been updated to 

reflect this clarification. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

38 

BIOLOGICAL CONDITION GRADIENT

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Please provide a citation to a Maine water quality standard which directs that 

biological conditions be at a specific tier on the biological condition gradient as 

suggested in the section ‘Water Classification Program’. 

MDEP Response: 

The language provided in the section in question was misleading - the Biological 

Condition Gradient (BCG) is not included in Maine’s water quality standards. We have 

updated the text to remove the reference to the BCG (page 75, below). 

PERIODIC REVIEW OF WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND 

RELATED STANDARDS

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Has the Department conducted a triennial review per Maine statute since 2009? 

MDEP Response: 

In keeping with Maine’s statutory requirement to review the water quality classification 

system and related standards from time to time, but at least once every three years, 

one waterbody (lower Kennebec River) was reclassified in 2011 and ambient water 

quality criteria (human health criteria for inorganic arsenic, acrolein and phenol; 

aquatic life criteria for acrolein, diazanon, nonylphenol) as included in Chapter 584, 

Surface Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Pollutants were revised or expanded in 2012. 

Public hearings were held for both items. For added clarification of the statute, we 

have updated the report language in question (page 76, below); we also noted the 

revisions made in 2011 and 2012 in the report. 

REPLACEMENT OF THE HUC SYSTEM WITH THE WBD SYSTEM

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

It is noted that approximately half of the HUCs (Hydrologic Unit Codes) used in the 

2012 draft report were altered or eliminated. Why were only half, and not all, HUCs 

converted? 

MDEP Response: 

For informational purposes, DEP noted in the 2012 Integrated Report that, because of 

the USGS’ (U.S. Geologic Survey) conversion from HUC to WBD (Watershed 

Boundary Dataset), a mismatch now exists between some HUCs used in the draft IR 

and current WBDs (former HUCs). Since DEP has no obligation to change its AU 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

39 

coding system for listing purposes from the established HUC system to the new USGS 

WBD, none of the HUCs used in the assessment unit coding in the 2012 draft report 

were altered. The text in the report has been updated and clarified (pages 5 and 58, 

below; footnote to first HUC map of appendices). 

SANDY RIVER AND LOWER ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER

Paraphrased comment from: 

• Scott Reed, Rumford Paper Company 

Under Mainstem of Major Rivers, what are the ‘other issues’ on the Sandy River and 

lower Androscoggin River and the ‘variety of reasons’ cited for re-scheduling 

monitoring? 

MDEP Response: 

Other issues include a relocation of the Farmington POTW outfall and proposed 

upgrade of the lower Androscoggin River. The reasons include high river flows in 

2009 and scheduling conflicts which prevented monitoring on the lower Androscoggin 

River and Sandy River. 

MERCURY METHOD

Paraphrased comment from: 

• William Taylor, Pierce Atwood LLP 

Is the new Direct Mercury Analyzer method mentioned under the 2010 Surface Water 

Ambient Toxics monitoring program for lake fish samples an EPA approved test 

method?

MDEP Response: 

Yes, the method is EPA-approved, it is EPA method 7473, Mercury in Solids and 

Solutions by Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation, and Atomic Absorption 

Spectrophotometry. The report was updated to include that information. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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40 

CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND

STATE ATLAS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 

Contact: Vicki Schmidt, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 485-1482 email: vicki.l.schmidt@maine.gov

The State of Maine has a total surface area of over 35,000 square miles, the most in 

New England; with terrestrial land occupying almost 31,000 square miles and the 

larger surface waters occupying nearly 4,500 square miles. With a population of 

approximately 1.3 million people, Maine also is the least densely populated state in 

New England. The majority of Maine’s population is concentrated in the southern and 

coastal portions of the State, and along both sides of Interstate 95 south of Bangor. 

Due to these geographical characteristics, regional population densities vary 

considerably from the state's average population density. 

Maine’s 5,780 lakes and ponds that are tracked in the ADB cover 986,952 acres, an 

area that is larger than the State of Rhode Island. There are over 7,000 perennial 

brooks, streams and rivers in Maine, ranging in length from less than two miles to 

nearly 200 miles, with an estimated total length of 53,456 miles. 

Since 2009 Maine has been developing hydrography and GIS related water programs 

in compliment with the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). NHD has significantly 

increased our accuracy for measuring and categorizing our coastline, rivers, streams, 

lakes and ponds. In addition, access to modern and updated high resolution aerial 

photography has also increased Maine’s ability to better determine land use and both 

human and natural changes to our state’s terrestrial conditions. 

New to our 2012 State Atlas & Water Quality Standards information are statistical 

results from the 2007 Census of Agriculture (United States Department of Agriculture). 

This survey reports a total of 2,105 square miles of land in agricultural production. 

This is approximately 6.8% of the total land area of the State of Maine. Of these 2,105 

square miles, 32.3% are in croplands, 49.4% in forested wood and pastureland, 11.2% 

in pasture land, and 7.10% in buildings, roads, and wasteland. In addition, surveys of 

organic agriculture in Maine show a 20% increase in organic production; from 39,140 

acres in 2007 to 48,948 acres in 2008 (http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/statefact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=23&StateName=Maine ). 

Table 3-1 The 2012 Integrated Report State of Maine Atlas

Population or Natural Resource Category 

Value 

Reported 

for 2012 1

Percent 

Value 

Reported in 

2010 2

State Population 2010 National Census Data 1,328,361 100.0% 1,321,505

 Rural 552, 638 Urban 775,723 

Total State Area (square miles) 335,236.4 100.0% 35,236.4

Total Fields (square miles) 31,546.5 4.4% 1,546.5

Blueberry Fields 100.9 0.3% 100.9

Grassland / Herbaceous 57.9 0.2% 57.9
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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41 

Pastureland / Hayland 644.8 1.8% 644.8

Cultivated Crops 742.9 2.1% 742.9

Total Land in Agricultural Production (square miles) 4

2,105 Not reported

Farmland in conservation wetland or reserve programs 51,268 Not reported

Organic Certified crops, pasture, & rangeland 48,984 Not reported

Total Forest (square miles) 324,666.9 70.0% 24,666.9

Recent Clearcut 163.6 0.5% 163.6

Regenerating Forest (Post 1995) 720.3 2.0% 720.3

Light Partial Cut (Post 1995) 2,285.1 6.5% 2,285.1

Heavy Partial Cut (Post 1995) 1,199.9 3.4% 1,199.9

Deciduous Forest 4,745.5 13.5% 4,745.5

Mixed Forest 8,899.4 25.3% 8,899.4

Evergreen Forest 6,653.0 18.9% 6,653.0

Total Scrub-Shrub (square miles) 31,186.4 3.4% 1,186.4

Total Wetlands (square miles) 32,376.9 6.7% 2,376.9

Wetlands 816.1 2.3% 816.1

Forested Wetland 1,560.8 4.4% 1,560.8

Total Open Water Surface Area (square miles) 34,210.7 11.9% 4,210.7

Total Saltwater Surface Area (square miles) not reported n/a not reported

Total Unconsolidated Earth-Material Shorelines (square miles) 3225.3 0.6% 225.3

Total Developed Lands and Paved Ways (square miles) 3972.0 2.8% 972.0

Developed - Open Space 175.1 0.5% 175.1

Developed - Low Intensity 169.1 0.5% 169.1

Developed - Med Intensity 95.4 0.3% 95.4

Developed - High Intensity 98.5 0.3% 98.5

Road / Runway 433.9 1.2% 433.9

Total Alpine / Tundra (square miles) 310.3 0.0% 10.3

Total Bare Ground (square miles) 341.5 0.1% 41.5

Total Miles of Coastline (including tidal rivers & shorelines of islands) 5

2,756.6 100% 2,756.6

Total Miles of Border Coast, Lakes & Rivers Shared with CN and NH 6338.9 100% 338.9

Maine – Canadian Border (coastal water miles out to the "3 mile" limit) 39.4 12% 39.4

Maine – Canadian Border (lake miles) 33.0 10% 33.0

Maine – Canadian Border (river miles) 206.2 61% 206.2

Maine – Canadian Border (total water miles) 6278.6 82% 278.6

Maine – Canadian Border (total land and water miles) 608.7 N/A 608.7

Maine – New Hampshire Border (coastal water miles out to the "3 mile" 

limit) 17.3 5% 17.3

Maine – New Hampshire Border (lake miles) 17.7 5% 17.7

Maine – New Hampshire Border (river miles) 25.4 7% 25.4

Maine – New Hampshire Border (total water miles) 6 60.3 18% 60.3

Maine – New Hampshire Border (total land and water miles) 188.8 N/A 188.8

Total Miles of Rivers and Streams in Maine 554,995 100% 53,455.8 

Miles of perennial streams (subset) 30,894 56% 29,907

Miles of intermittent [non-perennial] streams (subset) 16,375 30% 15,615

Miles of rivers (subset) 7726 14% 7933.8
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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Miles of Rivers and Streams by Water Class 6 Miles Percent Miles 

Water Class Streams (% of Stream Miles) Rivers (% of River Miles) Class Totals n/a Class Totals 

Class AA 1,345 3.6% 1,093 20% 2,439 5.5% 2,518

Class A 17,403 45% 2,192 40% 19,594 44.6% 19,627

Class B 19,612 51% 1,728 32% 21,339 48.6% 22,038

Class C 138 0.4% 419 8% 558 1.3% 621

Totals 38,498 100% 5,432 100% 43,930 100% 44,804

Number & Area of Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs (each line is a subset of 

the line above) 

Number

Square Miles 

Acres 

Percent 

Number 

Square Miles 

Acres 

Total Lake, Pond & Reservoir Features in Maine DEP's GIS Datalayer 5

32,257

1,603 mi2

1,025,949 ac 

100%

100% 

100% 

33,119

1,563 mi2

1,000,320 ac

 Lakes, Ponds & Reservoirs assigned a Midas Number in DEP’s GIS 6

6,186 

1,544 mi2

988,508 ac 

19% 

96% 

96% 

5,780

1,542 mi2

986,880 ac

 Lakes, Ponds & Reservoirs assigned a Midas Number tracked in ADB 7

5780 

1,542 mi2

986,952 ac 

18% 

96% 

96% 

5780

1,542 mi2

986,952 ac

 Significant Publicly Owned Lakes, Ponds & Reservoirs 

2,314 

1,477 mi2

945,506 ac 

7% 

92% 

92% 

2,314

1,477 mi2

945,506 ac

Total Area of Near Shore Waters and Tidal Rivers (square miles and 

acres) 7 2,846.1 1,821,473.9 2,846.1

Total Area of Bays, Estuaries and Harbors 2,717.3 1,739,051.0 2,717.3

Total Area of Tidal Rivers 128.8 82,422.9 128.8

Total Area of Near Shore Waters and Tidal Rivers by Water Class 6Square Miles Acres Square Miles

SA 227 145,421 211.0

SB 2590 1,657,455 2,606.3

SC 28.8 18,417 28.8

Total Area of Wetlands 85,196 3,325,418 5,196 

Total Area of Saltwater Wetlands 8381.3 244,095 381.3

Estuarine 271.9 174,046 271.9

Marine 109.4 70,049 109.4

Total Area of Freshwater Wetlands 84,814.6 3,081,323 4,814.6

Lacustrine 1,486.6 951,408 1,486.6

Palustrine 3,172.6 2,030,484 3,172.6

Riverine 155.4 99,430 155.4

Total Area of Mapped Sand and Gravel Aquifers 61,281.0 794,624.0 1,281.0

1 These figures were the most current that were available to the DEP in 2012. 

2. These figures were the most current that were available to the DEP in early 2010. 

3. Derived from the 2004 MeLCD (Maine LandCover Dataset) that has a 25 square meter (5m X 5m) spatial resolution. 

4. United States Department of Agriculture http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=23&StateName=Maine 

5. Derived from the National Hydrography Dataset (Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 24K High 

Resolution NHD, 2007. http://nhd.usgs.gov/index.html. 

6. Derived from MDEP's GIS hydrography, geology and state boundary datasets (Source: Digitized 1:24,000 USGS 7.5" Quadrangles and Digital Raster Graphics). 

Significant Lakes are defined as publicly owned, have bathymetric/morphometric surveys, vulnerability modeling was performed or some trophic data has been 

gathered. 

7. Only Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs with a MIDAS number are tracked in the ADB. 

8. Derived from the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory (NWI) dataset – updated 5/22/2009. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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Water Quality Standards Program 

Contact: Susanne K. Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment 

(DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov 

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/classification/index.htm

The water quality of Maine is described in terms of physical, chemical and biological 

characteristics associated with the state's water classification program. As established 

in Maine statute (38 MRSA Sections 464-470), the classification program consists of 

designated uses (e.g. drinking water supply, recreation in and on the water, habitat for 

fish and other aquatic life), criteria (e.g. bacteria, dissolved oxygen and biological 

criteria), and an anti-degradation statement (e.g. natural, free flowing) that specify 

levels of water quality necessary to maintain the designated uses. All State waters 

have a classification assignment (Lakes: GPA. Rivers and streams: AA, A, B, C. 

Marine and estuarine: SA, SB, SC). Wetlands are classified the same as associated 

surface waters, i.e. wetlands that are part of great ponds or natural lakes and ponds 

less than 10 acres in size are GPA waters; all freshwater wetlands not classified as 

GPA waters are class AA, A, B or C under Sections 467 and 468 according to the 

watershed in which they occur. Coastal wetlands are classified SA, SB or SC 

according to the provisions of Section 469 (Classification of Estuarine and Marine 

Waters). Groundwater is classified GW-A or GW-B according to provisions of Section 

465-B. 

The classification program is reviewed every three years by the Department and the 

Board of Environmental Protection (BEP). The Department and the Board conducted a 

water classification review process in 2009 with the result that the Maine State 

Legislature raised the water quality classifications (goals) for 16 rivers and streams 

and one marine waterbody. The BEP also recommended, and the Legislature 

approved, that changes be made to clarify the classification of six other waterbody 

segments, and that a Use Attainability Analysis be conducted on one stream. 

HIGHLIGHTS FOR POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL 

PROGRAMS

Contact: Brian Kavanah, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7700 email: Brian.W.Kavanah@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/water/wd/index.html

Maine uses multiple approaches to ensure that point source discharges of wastewater 

receive adequate treatment prior to their release to waters of the State including: 

licensing, compliance inspections coupled with technical assistance in operations and 

maintenance, and enforcement where necessary. A number of financial assistance 

programs support new facility construction, elimination of discharges, as well as 

upgrades or additions to existing facilities. Highlights for 2009 - 2010 for these 

programs are summarized below or referenced by links to other documents. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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44 

Technical Assistance / Pollution Prevention Program

Contact: Sterling Pierce, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-4868 email: Sterling.Pierce@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/wwtreatment/ 

Department staff participate in both industrial and municipal based technical 

assistance and pollution prevention projects. 

Highlights for 2009-2010 

Technical Assistance was provided to the operators of over forty (40) POTWs and 

industrial direct dischargers by staff of the compliance & technical assistance section 

of the Division of Water Quality Management. Technical assistance focused on 

improving compliance with MEPDES permit requirements and maximizing the 

efficiency of treatment. In addition to direct assistance at facilities, staff from the 

compliance and technical assistance section provided more than 150 hours of formal 

classroom training to more than 350 wastewater operators throughout the state. Staff 

of the section continued to oversee the electronic DMR system, which helps assure 

that effluent compliance data is reported in an accurate and timely manner to the 

Department and EPA. 

CONSTRUCTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

Contact: John True, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7808 email: John.N.True@Maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/grants/srfparag.html

Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) and Maine Construction Grants 

Programs: CWSRF program monies are used to provide low-interest loans (2% 

below market rates) to communities and sanitary districts to upgrade wastewater 

treatment facilities and to fund NPS low interest loan programs for the 

repair/replacement of residential septic systems and the purchase of environmentally 

friendly silviculture equipment. The program depends on a yearly Federal 

Capitalization Grant which must be matched with 20% State funds. State construction 

grants help fund wastewater projects in communities where user charges are too high 

to borrow money. 

Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011, the Maine DEP Construction 

Grants Program provided grants to 3 projects and the CWSRF funded 49 projects, 

some with assistance from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural 

Development program grants/loans and Community Development Block Grant 

(CDBG) grant money. These projects included; new wastewater treatment facilities 

and upgrades, additions, and modifications to them; sewer system improvements; 

abatement of combined sewer overflows; refinancing of existing wastewater loans; 

and the purchase of silviculture equipment; for a total cost of approximately $612,178 

in State grants and $91,630,294 in CWSRF loans. $19,792,629 of the CWSRF loan 

amount was in the form of loan principal forgiveness. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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45 

MAINE COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW PROGRAM

Contact: David Breau, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7766 email: david.p.breau@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/cso/index.html

Thirty-two Maine communities are served by combined sewer systems, which convey 

a combination of sanitary and storm water flows to wastewater treatment 

facilities. During dry weather, all of the sewage in a combined system is conveyed to 

the treatment plant for adequate treatment. However, during rainstorms or snow-melt 

periods, storm water mixes with the sanitary sewage, causing flows that exceed the 

capacity of the sewer system. This results in combined sewer overflows (CSOs), 

which vary extensively in pollutant types, concentrations and loads, as well as in 

volume of overflow and severity of impact to the receiving water bodies. Maine has 

established an aggressive program, coordinated with EPA's CSO program, to assist 

communities in evaluating the design, condition, activity, and effects of combined 

sewer systems and overflows. 

 

Highlights for 2009 - 2010 

One Maine CSO community, Rockland, completed its CSO abatement 

project program since the last Integrated Report and no longer has permitted CSOs. 

Table 3-2 CSO Program Summary Statistics 

Parameter End of Report 

Year 2008

End of Report 

Year 2010 Increase/(Decrease)

Number of CSO Communities 35 32 (3) or (8.5%) 

Number of CSO Discharge Points 177 164 (13) or (7%) 

Total of Annual Discharge Days for Communities 792 606 (186) or (23.5%) 

Total Annual Volume of CSOs (Billion Gallons) 2.4 2.0 (0.4) or (16.7%) 

Yearly Precipitation (Inches) 57 50 (7) or (12.3%) 

Million Gallons Discharged per Inch of Yearly 

Precipitation (MG/Inch) 42 40 (2) or (4.8%) 

SMALL COMMUNITY FACILITIES PROGRAM

Contact: Tim MacMillan, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7765 email: Tim.A.Macmillan@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/grants/scgpara2.html

From its inception in 1982, the Small Community Grant Program (SCGP) has 

disbursed $26.0 million dollars in grant monies and is estimated to have cumulatively 

eliminated the discharge of over 1.3 million gallons of untreated wastewater every day. 

Although state bond issues usually fund this grant program, in the past it has also 

received some funding directly from state appropriations. These funds have been 

used to assist municipalities with the construction of individual or cluster-type 

wastewater treatment systems that were designed to eliminate heavily polluted 

discharges from either already malfunctioning systems or non-existing system 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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46 

("straight pipes"). This amount of funding has resulted in the construction of new 

wastewater treatment facilities in over 300 communities throughout the state. The 

total estimated value of the facilities built with Small Community Grants is 

approximately $31.3 million dollars. 

Currently, requests for assistance outweigh available funding. Between 2010 and 

2011, we disbursed grants totaling approximately $0.7 million dollars to 61 

communities to replace 96 systems as detailed below. 

Highlights 2010 - 2011 

2010: 40 systems were replaced removing 10,800 gallons of untreated 

discharges. 2011: 52 systems were replaced removing 14,040 gallons of untreated 

discharges. 

Table 3-3 provides a summary of information about the program on a year-by-year 

basis. 

Table 3-3 Yearly Summary of SCGP Activities 

Year-by-Year Summary 

Year Grant Amount 

Disbursed 

Total Facility 

Value 

Systems 

Installed 

Wastewater 

Treated (Gal/Day)* 

1998 $1,145,088 $1,379,624 187 50,490 

1999 $769,086 $926,610 122 32,940 

2000 $1,370,528 $1,651,238 251 67,770 

2001 $1,142,009 $1,375,914 167 45,090 

2002 $1,354,130 $1,631,482 208 56,160 

2003 $1,086,265 $1,308,753 183 49,410 

2004 $795,327 $958,225 136 36,720 

2005 $399,078 $480,817 64 17,280 

2006 $587,517 $707,852 72 19,440 

2007 $547,262 $637,039 66 17,820 

2008 $293,961 $356,577 36 9,720 

2009 $583,333 $718,440 61 16,470 

2010 $321,913 $350,702 40 10,800 

2011 $376,206 $531,140 52 14,040 

Totals: $25,975,157 $31,331,828 4,930 1,331,100 

Please refer to page 32 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further discussion of the Small Community Grant Program and 

yearly summaries for years 1982-1997. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf
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LICENSING OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGES

Contact: Gregg Wood, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management 

Tel: (207) 287-7693 email: Gregg.Wood@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/wd/index.html

The Division of Water Quality Management is responsible for the licensing and relicensing of all surface wastewater discharges, whether industrial, commercial, 

municipal or residential. In Maine, the vast majority of wastewater discharge sources 

have previously been licensed. Therefore, the licensing program is focused largely 

upon renewal of existing licenses, rather than development of new licenses (Table 

3-4). 

Please refer to pages 32-33 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further discussion of Water Discharge Licensing Program. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

Table 3-4 Permitting/licensing by the Division of Water Quality Management 

Year 2009 2010

Permit Renewals 100 (32 POTW’s 

+ 68 non-POTW’s) 

58 (35 POTW’s 

+ 23 non-POTW’s) 

>2,000 gpd1 OBD renewals as 

MEPDES permits 20 8 

New permits 11 6 

Minor Revisions/Modifications 36 22 

<2,000 gpd1 OBDs 457 451 

Total permitting actions 624 545 

1 Gallons per day 

OVERBOARD DISCHARGE GRANT PROGRAM

Contact: Tim MacMillan, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7765 email: Tim.A.Macmillan@maine.gov

As of December 31, 2011 Maine has 1,252 licensed overboard discharges 

(OBDs). OBDs are discharges of wastewater from individual homeowners or 

businesses to surface waters (typically marine waters) where existing lots are 

unsuitable for subsurface disposal and no municipal system is available. OBDs 

typically lead to closures of shellfish growing and harvesting areas. 

In 1989 an OBD Removal Grant Program was established. The priorities of the grant 

program are to eliminate discharges that either cause the closure of shell fishing areas 

or that create a public nuisance. Since the beginning of the program, approximately 

seven million dollars have been spent to remove 582 systems. The total acreage 

opened to shellfish harvesting since the start of the OBD Grant Program is over 

18,000 acres. According to the DMR, opening and fully utilizing this much shellfish 

harvesting area has the potential to generate an annual harvest with a retail value of 

over $4.4 million dollars. 
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Highlights 2010 - 2011 

A total of 82 OBD systems were removed in 2010 - 2011. The Maine Department of 

Marine Resources indicates that 141 acres of shellfish habitat attributable to the OBD 

Grant Program may be re-opened to shellfish harvesting in 2010 - 2011. 

Please refer to pages 33-34 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further discussion of Water Discharge Licensing Program. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

Compliance Evaluation 

Contact: Sterling Pierce, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-4868 email: Sterling.Pierce@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/wd/municipal_industrial/index.html

The Department uses a three-part program to evaluate the compliance of wastewater 

treatment facilities. The compliance evaluation program involves on-site inspections 

of wastewater treatment facilities, occasional sampling of their effluent quality on a 

selective basis, and monthly evaluation of the licensees' self-monitoring 

reports. Discharge licenses also require immediate reporting of any major 

malfunctions, bypasses or exceedances of license limits to DEP inspectors. 

Highlight for 2009 – 2010 

During this two-year time period the compliance inspectors from the compliance and 

technical assistance unit conducted 1027 inspections at facilities located across the 

State. These inspections are conducted to verify that the treatment plant is operating 

in accordance with all of the requirements of their Maine Pollutant Discharge 

Elimination System (MEPDES) permit. Inspectors evaluate such aspects as 

laboratory analyses, data quality control, process control, operations and 

maintenance, collection systems operations & maintenance, and overall plant 

maintenance. These inspections provide oversight evaluation of the license holders’ 

compliance with the license, but routinely uncover areas where training, assistance, or 

equipment upgrades could resolve an issue. DEP compliance inspectors provide 

assistance as appropriate and can also direct the license holder to other forms of 

technical assistance provided by other DEP staff, other wastewater related agencies, 

or from private consulting firms. All of these efforts in concert, combined with the 

efforts of the treatment plant management and operations staff, serve to preserve and 

protect the water quality of State of Maine’s waterways. 

Enforcement of Water Quality Laws 

Contact: Brian Kavanah, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 287-7700 email: brian.w.kavanah@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/enforcement/

The general philosophy of the DEP, BLWQ is to gain compliance and resolve 

problems at the least formal level that is appropriate, and to maximize the spirit of 

cooperation between the DEP and the regulated community. By fostering voluntary 

compliance with Maine's water pollution control laws, the overall effectiveness of the 

enforcement program is maximized and unnecessary litigation is avoided. Formal 
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enforcement actions are fact-dependent, but generally become necessary when 

violations of environmental laws are severe enough to warrant action regardless of the 

remediation effort, or when the violator is not responsive in preventing violations or 

refuses to cooperate with the DEP. 

Highlights for 2009 - 2010 

A total of 14 water discharge enforcement formal cases were settled in 2009 and 

2010. The penalties collected provide a deterrent to violation of water quality laws and 

recover any economic benefit that may have been gained. Additionally, the 

enforcement actions also specified a variety of corrective actions that will improve 

water quality such as: upgrades to wastewater treatment facilities, elimination of 

discharges, and Supplemental Environmental Projects.

EXTENT OF NONPOINT SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS AND PROGRAM 

RECOMMENDATIONS

The Maine NPS Water Pollution Control Program 

Contact: Norm Marcotte, DEP BLWQ, Division of Watershed Management (DWM) 

Tel: (207) 215-6277 email: norm.g.marcotte@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/watershed/nps/index.html 

Maine's Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Management Program (38 M.R.S.A. §410-I) 

helps restore and protect water resources from NPS pollution. The basic objective of 

the NPS program is to promote the use of state agency-defined "best management 

practice guidelines" (BMPs) to prevent water pollution. The overall goals of the 

program are: 

• Clean Water. Prevent, control, or abate water pollution caused by nonpoint 

sources so that beneficial uses of water resources are maintained or restored and 

waters meet or exceed their classification standards. 

• Using Best Management Practices. BMPs are widely used in all Maine’s 

watersheds to minimize polluted runoff. Maine BMP guidance manuals can be 

found at http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/erosion/escbmps/index.html

• Locally Supported Watershed Stewardship. Local community awareness results in 

commitment to maintaining or improving the condition of local water resources 

through citizen action. Watershed stewardship meets community needs and 

maintains beneficial uses of local water resources.

• Compliance with Applicable Laws. Regulated activities comply with existing State 

and Federal laws and rules that relate to control of nonpoint source water pollution. 

DEP administers the NPS Program in coordination with EPA, federal, state and local 

governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations. Seven State agencies 

share responsibility for coordinating and implementing NPS programs: the 

Departments of Agriculture, Food and Rural Resources; Conservation, Forest Service; 

Transportation; Economic and Community Development; Health and Human Services, 

Division of Environmental Health; Marine Resources, and the State Planning Office. 
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Highlights 

Locally-led restoration work over 13 years treated numerous erosion sites and 

reduced polluted runoff in the watershed of Highland Lake, a 623 acre lake in 

Falmouth and Windham. Water clarity has gradually stabilized and the lake now 

meets water quality standards, prompting Maine DEP to remove the lake from the 

CWA Section 303(d) impaired waters list in 2010. The restoration of Highland Lake 

and stories of other significant improvements to Maine lakes are highlighted on the 

EPA’s “Section 319 Nonpoint Source Program Success Stories” website 

www.epa.gov/owow/nps/Success319. 

During 2009 – 2010, 39 NPS Watershed Projects that were funded through the NPS 

Grants Program in previous years were successfully brought to completion. These 

NPS projects helped local communities identify water pollution sources in watersheds 

and take action to restore or protect clean water. DEP provided technical assistance 

and granted $1,959,924 of Federal Clean Water Act funds for these projects. 

Grantees, partners, and landowners contributed matching funds or services valued at 

$1,903,777. 

More information on these watershed projects and the NPS program in general can be 

found in the NPS Management Program Annual Reports for 2009 and 2010. Both 

reports are available at: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/grants/319-documents/reports/ 

Marine Nonpoint Source Priority Watersheds 

Contact: Angela Brewer, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 592-2352 e-mail: angela.d.brewer@maine.gov

The Department designates priority non-point source watersheds as part of the 319 

program, and may award grants based on 1) priority marine waters as established by 

the Maine Watershed Management Committee in 1998 (listed in Table 3-5), 

2) designated Atlantic salmon watershed rivers (Table 3-6), and 3) those marine 

waters that have approved TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Load) or are scheduled for 

TMDLs (Table 8-16). Listed waterbodies have both significant value from a regional 

or statewide perspective as well as water quality that is either impaired or threatened 

due to nonpoint source pollution from land use activities in the watershed. 

Table 3-5 lists the marine priority waters and key water quality impairments or threats 

that have been identified. Three general impairment categories are listed as well as 

the relevant listing category for this reporting cycle. Note that the Department has 

identified waterbodies where nutrient levels (specifically nitrogen) are generally high 

relative to similar reference waterbodies, and where indicators of nutrient enrichment 

have been observed due to nonpoint source pollution. In this reporting cycle, for the 

first time, the Department is listing a marine waterbody for nutrient-caused 

impairments with source unknown (see also Chapter 4). 
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Table 3-5 Priority marine waters with impaired or threatened water quality due to nonpoint source 

pollution. 

Marine Water 

Water Quality Impairment or Threat (If 

Applicable, Listing Category) 

Dissolved Oxygen Toxics Nutrients 

Piscataqua River estuary X (4-A) X (5-A) 

Spruce Creek X 

York River estuary X 

Ogunquit River estuary X (4-B-1) 

Webhannet River estuary X 

Mousam River estuary X (5-A) 

Fore River X (5-A) X 

Royal River estuary X (5-A) 

Maquoit Bay X 

New Meadows River estuary X (4-C) 

Weskeag River X 

Rockland Harbor X 

Table 3-6 lists watershed rivers where critical habitat for Atlantic salmon has been 

identified based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Federal 

Register final rule (74 FR pages 29300-29341). 

Table 3-6 Atlantic Salmon Watershed Rivers 

Dennys River Cove Brook 

East Machias River Penobscot River 

Machias River Ducktrap River 

Narraguagus River Sheepscot River 

Pleasant River Kennebec-Androscoggin Watershed 

Watershed Management for Stormwater Programs 

Contact: Don Witherill, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-9751 email: donald.t.witherill@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/stormwater/index.html

STORMWATER STANDARDS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

Stormwater Law Maine manages stormwater through administration of the 

Stormwater Management Law. Rules were last revised in 2006. Revisions were 

drafted in 2010, but were put on hold due to changes in leadership. For more 
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information about the Maine Stormwater Management Law and Rules, go to the 

stormwater program website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/stormwater/index.html. 

STORMWATER STANDARDS FOR POST-CONSTRUCTION

Long Creek watershed. On October 28, 2009, the EPA issued a final residual 

designation determination for the Long Creek watershed in the municipalities of South 

Portland, Portland, Westbrook, and Scarborough. The designation requires that 

stormwater discharges from impervious areas equal to or greater than one acre in the 

Long Creek watershed be authorized by a permit under the federal Clean Water Act 

because those discharges contribute to a violation of water quality standards in Long 

Creek. The Department issued a general permit for stormwater discharges in the 

Long Creek watershed on November 6, 2009. To obtain coverage under the general 

permit, a discharger must participate in the implementation of the Long Creek 

Watershed Management Plan (approved by DEP and EPA in 2009). Participation 

entails signing a contract with the Long Creek Watershed Management District. The 

contract requires an annual payment to the district based on the amount of impervious 

area that is contributing a discharge of stormwater to Long Creek. The payments are 

being utilized to carry out restoration activities described in the watershed 

management plan. Landowner participation in the general permit exceeds 

95%. Several landowners have opted to apply for individual permits and several have 

not yet obtained permit coverage and are subject to enforcement action, which is ongoing. A technical committee has been organized by the district to monitor progress 

on the implementation of the plan, including monitoring of water quality in Long Creek. 

STORMWATER STANDARDS FOR MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER 

SYSTEMS (MS4S) AND INDUSTRIAL STORMWATER DISCHARGES

Maine DEP reissued its MS4 general permit in July 2008 for 28 municipalities and 10 

non-municipal entities which include state or federal facilities, Maine DOT, and Maine 

Turnpike Authority within the Urbanized Area as determined by the 2000 census 

(Table 3-7). This reissuance regulates two additional non-municipal MS4s in the 

Greater Bangor Area, and has increased requirements for Urban Impaired Stream 

Watersheds. 

Table 3-7 Maine’s regulated MS4’s 

MS4 Municipalities by geographic cluster 

Kittery; Eliot; South Berwick; Berwick 

Biddeford; Saco; Old Orchard Beach; Scarborough; Cape Elizabeth; South Portland; Portland; 

Westbrook; Gorham; Windham; Falmouth; Cumberland; Yarmouth; Freeport 

Auburn; Lewiston; Sabattus 

Hampden; Brewer; Bangor; Veazie; Orono; Old Town; Milford 

Non-traditional or “nested” MS4’s 

Transportation: Maine Department of Transportation; Maine Turnpike Authority 

State or Federal Entities: Portsmouth Naval Ship Yard (Kittery); Southern Maine Community College 

(S. Portland); University of Southern Maine (Gorham Campus); Eastern Maine Community College 
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(Bangor); Dorothea Dix Psychiatric Center (Bangor); Bangor Air National Guard (Bangor); University 

College of Bangor (Bangor); University of Maine (Orono) 

Industrial Stormwater Discharges 

Maine DEP issued its latest multi-sector general permit for industrial stormwater 

discharges in April 2011. Maine’s general permit largely mirrors the previous EPA 

general permit with respect to requirements for Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans 

at the site of regulated activities. As of December 2012, approximately 690 facilities 

had filed for multisector permit coverage, and another 486 had certified that they have 

“no exposure” of pollutants to stormwater. 

Land Use and Growth Management 

Contact: Dawn Hallowell, DEP BLWQ, Division of Land Resource Regulation (DLRR) 

Tel: (207) 557-2624 email: dawn.hallowell@maine.gov

Related Websites: Site Law http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/sitelaw/index.html

NRPA: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/nrpa/index.html

Shoreland Zoning Act: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/slz/index.html

It has long been recognized that land use practices have direct impacts on water 

quality. The State of Maine has several programs in place to regulate land use 

activities that have potentially adverse environmental effects. The Site Location of 

Development Law (Site Law) requires developers of large projects to obtain permits 

from the Department of Environmental Protection before beginning construction. 

Under the Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA), a permit from the DEP is 

required for any activity in, on or adjacent to a protected natural resource, including 

rivers, streams, brooks, great ponds, coastal wetlands, freshwater wetlands, sand 

dunes and fragile mountain areas. The Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Act requires 

towns to control building sites, land uses, and placement of structures within their 

shoreland areas in order to protect water quality, habitat and fishing industries, and to 

conserve shore cover, public access, natural beauty and open space. Also important 

to environmental protection is the Growth Management Act, which was enacted in 

1988. The foundations for this program are based on comprehensive planning and 

greater cooperation between state and local governments. 

Please refer to page 41 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for other information on the Shoreland Zoning Act, Site Location 

of Development Law, and the Natural Resources Protection Act. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

Education and Outreach 

Contact: Jessamine Logan, DEP OC, Director of Communications 

Tel: (207) 287-5842 email: Jessamine.Logan@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep 
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Maine DEP understands that engaging and empowering the public in natural 

resources stewardship through effective education and outreach efforts will only 

further our own mission of environmental protection. The Department has a 

responsibility to create and maintain public understanding and support for 

departmental objectives, programs, and regulatory requirements and best practices. 

To accomplish this, the Department works to help to foster and encourage greater 

stewardship through education and outreach initiatives strategically directed at a 

variety of audiences. In late 2011, all Department outreach and education staff were 

moved into a centralized Office of Communications & Educations, which has resulted 

in improved, coordinated and cross-media communications. 

Target Audiences 

Youth and Teachers- DEP sponsors and organizes Water Festivals for up to 700 

students and their teachers in the southern part of the state each year and every other 

year in northern Maine. The events provide a day of fun and interactive learning about 

clean water, wetland ecosystems and the importance of stewarding Maine’s most 

rapidly renewable resource and are connected to more comprehensive classroom 

learning units. Department staff also educate Maine students on environmental issues 

through other forums as requested and as available, including Envirothon, Bug Mania 

and Earth Science Day (both with about 2,000 students); and judging various state 

science fairs. In addition DEP funds up to six watershed grants per year to students 

and their teachers who partner with local organizations to protect a local water 

resource. 

General Public- The DEP divides the public into categories based on the message of 

the campaign: homeowners for yard care practices, businesses for pollution 

prevention practices, etc. For example, the MS4 (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer 

System) communities are conducting pilot projects to encourage targeted BMPS (i.e., 

yard care in some communities and roof runoff infiltration in others) in targeted 

neighborhoods with evaluation as part of their permits. Evaluation of those projects will 

be conducted in the coming year and available in September of 2013. 

As part of the ThinkBlue Maine Partnership, DEP supported a media buy in 2011 to air 

Ducky II, a TV ad encouraging people to reduce their use of lawn care products, 

particularly fertilizer. The ad won a Service Industry Advertising Award Bronze Medal 

in 2012. Assessment of the ad in two different surveys found that the ad effectively 

conveyed the message to the target audience. In a community survey, over 50 

percent polled indicated they had heard of efforts by local organizations to reduce 

pollution from stormwater runoff, versus 15 percent in 2008. Meanwhile, 27 percent of 

respondents said they were very likely to take action to reduce the amount of lawn 

fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides that they use, and 28 percent of respondents said 

they already have done this. 

LakeSmart is another example of reaching out to a subsection of the public. This 

educational program designates lakeshore proprieties as LakeSmart if its owners have 

incorporated voluntary lake-friendly living practices that protect and improve invaluable 

inland water resources and the native species, recreation, property values, businesses 

and communities that rely on their health. In the decade since the program was 

introduced, DEP has deemed nearly 500 properties as LakeSmart on 33 lakes. In 

2012, DEP began transferring the program to the nonprofit Maine Congress of Lake 

Associations, which counts among its members dozens of lake associations each with 

their own robust networks. It is the vision of DEP and COLA that this move will give 
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the LakeSmart program access to broader funding opportunities and will grow as 

COLA and its member lake associations have both the capacity and the credibility to 

deliver this program on the local level. The Department looks forward to seeing how 

COLA expands and makes more effective this important educational offering given 

their expertise, excitement and engagement that already has been awarded tens of 

thousands of dollars in grant funding support. 

In January 2008, the Maine Legislature passed a law requiring all retailers post a sign 

discouraging the use of phosphorus lawn products unless reseeding or starting a new 

lawn. The law has decreased the use of phosphorus containing fertilizer and 

increased the use of phosphorus free fertilizer. Each spring, the Department sends a 

reminder letter to retailers and distributors thanking them for their commitment to 

upholding this law and protecting water quality, as well as two complimentary signs for 

display. 

In late 2011, DEP launched a redesigned website that has been lauded as a model in 

the State for its accessibility and usability. Information on the transparent site is 

organized consistently and by function – like permitting or assistance – and media – 

like air, water and waste management – to ensure the general public can easily find 

what they are looking for despite not necessarily knowing the Department’s internal 

structure. The site also puts the answers to frequently asked questions on its 

homepage, as well as an “I am a...” feature, which helps different target audiences – 

like shorefront property owners, students or municipal officials – quickly locate 

educational and regulatory information of relevance. The Department also launched its 

Twitter feed at www.twitter.com/maine_DEP in 2011 as another way in which to 

educate the public and has already gained more than 1,000 followers. 

Contractors, Municipal Officials, and Other Targeted Groups- Through the 

Nonpoint Source Training Center within the Department’s Office of Communications & 

Education, DEP reaches out to contractors, landscapers, foresters and code 

enforcement officers to bring technical assistance, certification and new 

training. Maine law requires that starting January 1, 2013 contractors doing 

excavation in the Shoreland Zone must be certified in erosion control and in response 

to that, the number of certified contractors has more than doubled in the past two 

years to more than 1,700 and hundreds more have participated in the training without 

becoming certified. In the 15 years the program has been in place, only two certified 

individuals have ever been involved in an enforcement action because of violation of 

Maine’s erosion and sediment control law. Two certified individuals have also won the 

“Contractor of the Year” award from the International Erosion Control Association. 

DEP staff also train wastewater treatment plant operators, planning boards, realtors, 

CEO code enforcement and other audiences. 

Assessment 

Thanks to increased use of press releases, our website, social media and other 

existing and emerging communication tools, DEP is reaching more Mainers each year. 

The effectiveness of the Department’s education and outreach efforts continue to be 

enhanced as better tools to monitor impressions and measure effectiveness are 

developed and allow us to hone meaningful messages to target each audience with. In 

some cases, correlating the impact of our education to water quality is difficult, but in 

others, like the fact that our certified contractors have so few compliance issues, we 

have evidence that supports our past approaches and guides future ones. 
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 

COSTS/BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS

Contact: Marianne DuBois, DEP BLWQ, Division of Watershed Management (DWM) 

Tel: (207) 485-1402 email: marianne.s.dubois@maine.gov 

Assessment of the many costs and benefits associated with water quality changes is a 

difficult task. While it is usually possible to determine that an improvement in water 

quality has been gained and to qualitatively describe the benefits, often there is no 

easy way to directly assign a dollar figure to the changes and quantify this information 

in terms of the monetary value of benefits to human health or the environment. 

The economic tools that would be useful in helping to estimate the costs and benefits 

of improvement in water quality have not yet been fully developed. As future 

environmental problems grow in complexity and cost, and as public budgets tighten, 

demonstrating the benefits of water-quality related programs will be necessary to 

maintain support for continued investment in the improvement of water resources. 

Continued development of sophisticated economic tools for measuring the benefits of 

environmental projects and methods is essential. 

The following sections contain brief summaries of selected water quality programs. 

Nonpoint Source Management 

Contact: Norm Marcotte, DEP BLWQ, Division of Watershed Management (DWM) 

Tel: (207) 215-6277 email: norm.g.marcotte@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/grants/319.html 

Table 3-8 summarizes costs for NPS pollution programs involving Federal grants 

under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act and to non-federal matching funds. Table 

3-8 is a summary of Section 319(h) Clean Water Act Grant Awards to Maine DEP for 

Federal Fiscal Years (FFY) 2003 to 2010. 

Table 3-8 Section 319(h) Clean Water Act Grant Awards to Maine 

Grant Year 

(FFY) 

Federal

319 Award 

Base Incremental Non-Federal 

Match 

Total 

2003 $2,740,732 $1,572,554 $1,168,178 $1,827,155 $4,567,887

2004 $2,670,204 $1,502,081 $1,168,123 $1,780,890 $4,451,094

2005 $2,318,844 $1,151,519 $1,167,325 $1,546,669 $3,856,513

2006 $2,303,829 $1,136,597 $1,167,232 $1,545,896 $3,849,725

2007 $2,256,543 $1,077,063 $1,167,066 $1,504,362 $3,760,905

2008 $2,247,537 $1,082,056 $1,165,481 $1,934,529 $4,182,066

2009 $2,244,129 $1,084,415 $1,159,714 $1,496,086 $3,740,315

2010 $2,247,620 $1,089,500 $1,158,120 $1,499,163 $3,746,783
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Pollution Prevention Initiatives 

Contact: George MacDonald, Director, DEP BRWM, Sustainability Division 

Tel: (207) 287-2812 email: George.MacDonald@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/assistance/index.html

The Office of Assistance’s pollution prevention initiatives and methods are based on 

the practical notion that it is far more protective of the environment (in addition to 

being far more cost-effective) to eliminate or reduce pollution at its source rather than 

to clean up pollution that has already been released into an ecosystem. The Office of 

Assistance staff works with businesses and also provides input to DEP programs that 

provide BMPs for minimizing pollution sources such as stormwater runoff. The Office 

of Assistance engages in a proactive approach that utilizes the common ideals of 

increased efficiency, conservation of resources, reduced waste and costs, etc. to 

identify those points in a process that generate pollution. Once identified, staff shares 

with the regulated community many approaches such as forming good habits, 

purchasing environmentally preferable products, and implementing new technologies 

to analyze, focus on, and help to improve those portions of a process that prevent 

pollution. The Office of Assistance uses some or all of these tools to reduce or 

eliminate sources of pollution. 

Please refer to pages 45-48 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for information on costs/benefits of the Pollution Prevention 

Program. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf
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CHAPTER 4 SURFACE WATER MONITORING & ASSESSMENTS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Contact: Susanne Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov

Listing Methodology for the 2012 305b / 303d Integrated Report 

List 

Determination of water quality attainment is based on a waterbody meeting all 

standards including the criteria established for its assigned classification (38 MRSA 

Section 465, 465-A, 465-B). Waters are listed in Appendices II-V by Assessment Unit 

(HUC) and/or waterbody segment in one of five categories of attainment (see category 

descriptions below). For the 2012 report, water quality attainment decisions were 

primarily based on monitoring data collected in 2009 and 2010 although more recent 

data was consulted where appropriate. 

All freshwaters in Maine are subject to a statewide fish consumption advisory due to 

“Impairment caused by atmospheric deposition of mercury”. On December 20, 2007 

US EPA approved a Regional Mercury Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) that moved 

all Maine freshwaters into Category 4-A (“TMDL is completed”). Other category 

listings are established independently from the statewide mercury advisory listing, thus 

all waters are listed in Category 4-A for mercury and in at least one other category. All 

marine waters are listed by narrative in Category 5-D “Legacy Pollutants” as well as in 

one other category (see Marine explanation below†

). Each listing in Appendices II-V 

provides the Assessment Unit (Rivers and Streams and Wetlands) or HUC (Lakes) or 

Waterbody ID (Estuarine and Marine waters), Name, Size, Classification, Monitored 

Date, and depending on assessment determination, information on impairment, notes 

on previous listings, or other information. Note that the United States Geological 

Survey has replaced the HUC system with the WBD (Watershed Boundary Dataset) 

system. Because of this conversion, a mismatch now exists between some HUCs 

used in the draft IR and current WBDs (former HUCs). DEP did not update the HUC 

part of any AU ID to conform to the new WBD system and is retaining the term ‘HUC’ 

to indicate continued usage of the older system. 

LISTING CATEGORIES (1-5) 

Category 1: 

Attaining all designated uses and water quality standards, and no use is 

threatened. 

Highest level of attainment, waters in the assessment unit attains all applicable 

standards. Assessment is based on combined evaluation of the following information. 

 

† All estuarine and marine waters in Maine have an advisory for the consumption of shellfish (lobster tomalley) due to the 

presence of PCBs and dioxins presumed to be from atmospheric deposition or historical sources. The advisory is based 

on probability data that shellfish (lobster tomalley) inhabiting estuarine or marine waters may exceed the advisory action 

level for these substances. This Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report does not consider this 

statewide advisory in establishing other category listings.
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1. Current data (collected within five years) indicates attainment, with no trend toward 

expected non-attainment within the listing period. 

2. Old data (greater than five years) indicates attainment and no change in any 

associated conditions. 

3. Water quality models predict attainment under current loading, with no projected 

change in loading that would predict non-attainment. 

4. Qualitative data or information from professional sources indicating attainment of 

standards and showing no identifiable sources (e.g. detectable points of entry of either 

licensed or unlicensed wastes) of pollution, low impact land use (e.g. intact riparian 

buffers, >90% forested watershed, little impervious surface), watershed within state or 

federal reserve land, park, wilderness area or similar conservation protection, 

essentially unaltered habitat, and absence of other potential stressors. 

5. Determination that the direct drainage area has a human population of <0.1 per 

square mile according to U.S. Census data obtained in 2000 and watershed 

conditions as described in item 4, above. For lakes, determinations are based on 

census data at the town level and consider all towns in the direct drainage of larger 

(referred to in previous Integrated Reports as “significant”) lakes. Populations for the 

remaining lakes (generally less than ten acres) are determined for the town listed as 

the point-of-record for the water according to the Department of Inland Fisheries and 

Wildlife Lake Index database. 

Category 2: 

Attains some of the designated uses; no use is threatened; and insufficient data 

or no data and information is available to determine if the remaining uses are 

attained or threatened (with presumption that all uses are attained).

Assessment is based on combined evaluation of the following information. 

1. Current data (collected within five years) for some standards indicating attainment, 

with no trend toward expected non-attainment within the listing period, or an 

inadequate density of data to evaluate a trend. 

2. Old data (greater than five years) for some standards indicating attainment, and no 

change in associated conditions. 

3. Water quality models that predict attainment under current loading for some 

standards, with no projected change in loading that would predict non-attainment. 

4. (For lakes) Probabilistic-based monitoring that indicates a high expectation of use 

attainment for certain classes of waters based on random monitoring of that class of 

waters. 

5. Insufficient data for some standards, but qualitative data/information from 

professional sources indicate a low likelihood of impairment from any potential 

sources (e.g. high dilution, intermittent/seasonal effects, low intensity land use).

Category 3: 

Insufficient data and information to determine if designated uses are attained 

(with presumption that one or more uses may be impaired). 

Assessment is based on combined evaluation of the following information. Monitoring 

schedules are assigned to these waters. 

1. Insufficient or conflicting data that does not confirm either attainment or nonattainment of designated uses. 
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2. Qualitative data or information from professional sources showing the potential 

presence of stressors that may cause impairment of one or more uses; however, no 

quantitative water quality information confirms the presence of impairment-causing 

stressors. 

3. Old data, with: 

a. low reliability, no repeat measurements (e.g. one-time synoptic data), 

b. a change of conditions without subsequent re-measurement; or 

c. no evidence of human causes or sources of pollution to account for observed 

water quality condition (natural conditions that do not attain water quality 

standards are allowed by 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.4.C). 

4. (For lakes) Current data indicates a return to (or a trend towards) attainment 

standards over the past few years but requires confirmation; or conversely, that 

trophic or dissolved oxygen profile evaluation suggests deteriorating conditions 

requiring further study and verification. (Since lakes respond over a longer period of 

time and can be highly influenced by weather attributes, it is appropriate to 

recommend additional monitoring before attainment is determined.)

Category 4: 

Impaired or threatened for one or more designated uses, but does not require 

development of a TMDL. 

A water body is listed in Category 4 when impairment is not caused by a pollutant; or, 

if impairment is caused by a pollutant, but where a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) 

has already been completed, or where other enforceable controls are in place. An 

impaired waterbody will be listed in Category 5 if both a pollutant and a non-pollutant 

are involved that would independently cause an impaired or threatened condition. 

Waters are listed in one of the following Category 4 sub-lists when: 

1. Current or old data for a standard indicates either impaired use, or a trend toward 

expected non-attainment within the listing period, but also where enforceable 

management changes are expected to correct the condition, 

2. Water quality models that predicted impaired use under loading for some standard, 

also predict attainment when required controls are in place, or, 

3. Quantitative or qualitative data/information from professional sources indicates that 

the cause of impaired use is not from a pollutant(s) (e.g. habitat modification). 

4-A: TMDL is completed. A TMDL is complete but insufficient new data exists to 

determine that attainment has been achieved. 

Note 1: As of the 2008 cycle, Category 4-A includes all freshwaters in Maine that 

were listed in previous cycles in a narrative Category 5-C “Impairment caused by 

atmospheric deposition of mercury” based on the Statewide fish consumption 

advisory due to mercury. On December 20, 2007 the US EPA approved a 

Regional Mercury TMDL for the Northeast. 

Note 2: See also the section titled “Summary of Statewide River and Stream 

Attainment Status” below for comments about the 2012 US EPA approval of a 

statewide Maine % Impervious Cover TMDL. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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61 

4-B: Other pollution control requirements are reasonably expected to result in 

attainment of standards in the near future. Waterbodies where enforceable 

controls have a reasonable expectation of attaining standards, but where no new data 

are available to determine that attainment has been achieved. (Enforceable controls 

may include: new wastewater discharge licenses issued without preparation of a 

TMDL, other regulatory orders, contracts for nonpoint source implementation projects, 

regulatory orders or contracts for hazardous waste remediation projects). 

4-C: Impairment is not caused by a pollutant. Waters impaired by habitat 

modification (e.g., a dam) that is a result of human activity. 

Note: Natural conditions that do not attain water quality standards and criteria 

are allowed by 38 M.R.S.A. Section 464.4.C. Waters that show impairment due 

to natural phenomena are listed in Categories 1 through 3. 

Category 5: 

Waters impaired or threatened for one or more designated uses by a pollutant(s) 

and a TMDL is required. 

Waters are listed in one of the Category 5 sub-lists when: 

1. Current data (collected within five years) for a standard either indicates impaired 

use, or a trend toward expected impairment within the listing period, and where 

quantitative or qualitative data/information from professional sources indicates that the 

cause of impaired use is from a pollutant(s), 

2. Water quality models predict impaired use under current loading for a standard, 

and where quantitative or qualitative data/information from professional sources 

indicates that the cause of impaired use is from a pollutant(s), or, 

3. Those waters have been previously listed on the State’s 303(d) list of impaired 

waters, based on current or old data that indicated the involvement of a pollutant(s), 

and where there has been no change in management or conditions that would indicate 

attainment of use. 

5-A: Impairment caused by pollutants (other than those listed in 5-B through 5-

D). A Total Maximum Daily Load is required and will be conducted by the State 

of Maine. TMDL schedules are assigned based on the value of a particular water 

(considering size, public use, proximity to population centers, and level of public 

interest for water quality improvement), the nature of the impairment and the source(s) 

of the problem, available information to complete the TMDL, and availability of staff 

and contractual resources to acquire information and complete the TMDL study. 

Projected schedules for TMDL completion are included in Chapter 8 (Tables 8-13 to 8-

16) as well as in the Appendices. 

5-B: Impairment is caused solely by bacteria contamination. A TMDL is 

required. Certain waters impaired only by bacteria contamination may be high priority 

resources, such as shellfish areas, but a low priority for TMDL development if other 

actions are already in progress that will correct the problem in advance of TMDL 

development (e.g. better compliance). Certain small streams that are impaired solely 

by bacteria contamination but where recreation (swimming) is impractical because of 

their small size are listed in 5-B. A projected schedule of TMDL completion is included 

where applicable. Waterbodies impaired only by Combined Sewer Overflows, where 

current CSO Master Plans (Long-Term Control Plan) are in place, will be monitored to 

demonstrate that water quality standards are attained and that provisions are in place 

for both funding and compliance timetables.
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62 

5-C: Impairment caused by atmospheric deposition of mercury and a regional 

scale TMDL is required. Due to EPA approval of a regional scale TMDL for the 

control of mercury all of Maine’s Category 5-C waters were administratively moved to 

Category 4-A in the 2008 cycle. 

5-D: Impairment caused by a “legacy” pollutant. This sub-category includes: 

1. waters impaired only by PCBs, dioxins, DDT, or other substances already banned 

from production or use. It includes waters impaired by contaminated sediments where 

there is no additional extrinsic load occurring. This is a low priority for TMDL 

development since there is no controllable load. 

2. coastal waters that have a consumption advisory for the tomalley (hepatopancreas 

organ) of lobsters due to the presence of persistent bioaccumulating toxics found in 

that organ. This is a low priority for TMDL development since there is no identifiable 

and controllable load. 

DELISTING FROM AN IMPAIRED TO AN UNIMPAIRED CATEGORY. 

Because there are a number of listing options available in the integrated list, some 

waterbodies may be removed from the previous “impaired waters” list, i.e., 303(d) list,, 

however, only under certain circumstances. The State must provide new information, 

to EPA’s satisfaction, as a basis for not listing specific waters that had been previously 

included on a 303(d) list. Acceptable reasons for not listing previously listed waters as 

provided in 40 CFR 130.7(b) may include situations where: 

• The assessment and interpretation of more recent, more accurate or paleolimnological data 

demonstrates that the applicable water quality standard(s) is being met (list in Category 1, 2). 

• The results of more refined water quality modeling demonstrate that the applicable water 

quality standard(s) is being met (list in Category 1 or 2). 

• It can be demonstrated that errors or insufficiencies in the original data and information led to 

the water being incorrectly listed (list in Category 1 or 2). 

• It can be documented that there are changes in the conditions or criteria that originally 

caused the water to be impaired and therefore originally led to the listing. For example, new 

control equipment has been installed, a discharge has been eliminated, or new criteria 

adopted (list in Category 1, 2, or 4-B). 

• The State has demonstrated pursuant to 40 CFR 130.7(b)(1)(ii), that there are effluent 

limitations required by State or local authority, which are more stringent than 

technology-based effluent limitations, required by the Clean Water Act, and that these more 

stringent effluent limitations will result in the attainment of water quality standards for the 

pollutant causing the impairment within a reasonable time (list in Category 4-B). 

• The State has demonstrated pursuant to 40 CFR 130.7(b)(1)(iii), that there are other pollution 

control requirements required by State, local, or federal authority that will result in attainment 

of water quality standards for a specific pollutant(s) within a reasonable time (list in Category 

4-B). 

• The State included on a previous Section 303(d) list some Water Quality Limited Segments 

beyond those that are required by EPA regulations, e.g., waters where there is no pollutant 

associated with the impairment (list in Category 4-C). 

• A TMDL has been approved or established by EPA since the last 303(d) list (list in Category 

4-A). 

Chapter 8 Tables 8-5 to 8-8 present waters that have been delisted from Maine’s 2010 

impaired waters (303d) list. For waters that were delisted for reasons other than TMDL 

approval, delisting information is presented in Chapter 8 in the section New Delistings. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

63 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Tables 4-1 through 4-3 provide the designated use categories and the criteria (with 

references) used to assess a water's attainment of the use. A determination of nonattainment is only made when there is documented, quality assured, evidence (e.g. 

monitoring data) indicating that one or more criteria are not attained. Such data are 

also weighed against evidence that there are plausible human-caused factors that 

may contribute to the violation of criteria (38 MRSA Section 464.4.C). 

A special case is made for wetlands assessments with respect to documented 

evidence of impairment. For Category 3-5 wetlands that are located in a river/stream 

or lake/pond (e.g. a wetland that occurs in a slow-flowing section of a stream), any 

impairments, for example to the fish consumption use, that are listed for the related 

river/stream or lake/pond assessment unit (AU) are also assigned to the wetland AU 

even if no wetland-specific data for such an impairment exist. For Category 3-5 

wetlands that are not located in a river/stream or lake/pond, DEP biologists will decide 

on a case-by-case basis whether any other impairments should be carried over or not. 

Table 4-1 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Rivers and Streams 

Rivers and Streams1

Designated Use Criteria for Attainment

Drinking water supply after 

disinfection / treatment 

• Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Maine DEP Chapter 530) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

• Maine CDC’s Maximum Exposure Guidelines (MEGs) 

Aquatic life use support2

• Biomonitoring - lotic benthic macroinvertebrates: numeric 

biocriteria (Maine DEP Rule Chapter 579) 

• Biomonitoring - lotic algae: narrative aquatic life use criteria and 

(38 MRSA Section 465) and expert judgment evaluation of 

structure and function of the resident biological community 

• Biomonitoring - wetland macroinvertebrates: narrative aquatic life 

use criteria (38 MRSA Section 465) and expert judgment 

evaluation of structure and function of the resident biological 

community 

• Habitat suitability (38 MRSA Section 464.13, 465.1-4) 

• Dissolved oxygen (38 MRSA Section 464.13, 465.1-4)

• Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Maine DEP Chapter 530.5) 

• Support of indigenous species 

• Wetted habitat (Maine DEP Chapter 581) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Fishing/Fish Consumption 

• Support of indigenous fish species 

• Absence of fish consumption advisory (instituted by Maine CDC) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Recreation in and on the water2

• E. coli bacteria (38 MRSA Section 465, geometric mean) 

• Water color (38 MRSA Section 414-C) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Navigation, hydropower, 

agriculture / industrial supply 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

1

 Fringing wetlands are listed in Appendix IV, Maine Wetlands Assessments

2 DEP is revising draft nutrient criteria for fresh surface waters (Draft Chapter 583) that relate to existing aquatic life and 

recreational designated uses. For more information, please visit the following website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/nutrient-criteria/ 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

64 

Table 4-2 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Lakes and Ponds 

Lakes and Ponds1

Designated Use Criteria for Attainment

Drinking water supply after 

disinfection / treatment 

• Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Maine DEP Rule Chapter 530.5) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive substances 

(38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Aquatic life use support2

• Trophic state (38 MRSA Section 465-A, DEP Chapter 581) 

• Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Maine DEP Chapter 530.5) 

• Aquatic life (38 MRSA Section 465-A, 464.9) 

• Biomonitoring (wetland habitats) - wetland macroinvertebrates: narrative 

aquatic life use criteria (38 MRSA §465) and expert judgment evaluation 

of structure and function of the resident biological community 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive substances 

(38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

• Hydropower GPA impoundments (38 MRSA Section 464.9) 

Fishing 

• Support of indigenous fish species 

• No fish consumption advisory (instituted by Maine CDC) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive substances 

(38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Recreation in and on the 

water2

• E. coli bacteria (38 MRSA Section 465-A, geometric mean) 

• Trophic state (38 MRSA Section 465-A, DEP Rule Chapter 581) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive substances, 

(38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Navigation, hydropower, 

agriculture / industrial supply 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive substances 

(38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

1

 Fringing wetlands are listed in Appendix IV, Maine Wetlands Assessments 

2

 DEP is revising draft nutrient criteria for fresh surface waters (Draft Chapter 583) that relate to existing aquatic life and 

recreational designated uses. For more information, please visit the following website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/nutrient-criteria/ 

Table 4-3 Maine Designated Uses and Criteria for Estuarine and Marine Waters 

Estuarine and Marine Waters 

Designated Use Criteria for Attainment

Marine life use support 

• Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Maine DEP Chapter 530.5) 

• Dissolved oxygen (38 MRSA Section 465-B) 

• Narrative biological standards (38 MRSA Section 465-B) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Shellfish propagation and 

harvest 1

• National Shellfish Sanitation Program (as assessed by DMR) 

• No shellfish consumption advisory (instituted by Maine CDC) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Aquaculture • General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Fishing 

• Support of indigenous fish species 

• No fish consumption advisory (instituted by Maine CDC) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Recreation in and on the 

water 

• Enterococcus bacteria (38 MRSA Section 465-B, geometric mean) 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

Navigation, hydropower, 

industrial supply 

• General provisions: floating/settleable solids, pH, radioactive 

substances (38 MRSA Section 464.4.A) 

1

 Applies to estuarine/marine waters with high enough salinity to naturally support shellfish propagation and harvest 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

65 

Data Interpretation 

It is not common to have complete and consistent water quality data; therefore, some 

interpretation of data is required in making a final assessment. Data from unique 

events such as a spill, an accident, a short-duration license exceedance, or a drought 

or flood are not used in an assessment determination. The following general 

principles for each criteria type are used in making an assessment: 

Biological Criteria: River, stream, and wetland benthic macroinvertebrate and algal 

samples are collected in accordance with the Biomonitoring Program Quality 

Assurance Project Plan. Stream macroinvertebrate assessments are based on a 

statistical model that predicts attainment of tiered aquatic life uses (Classes AA/A, 

Class B, and Class C). The stream macroinvertebrate model is described in Maine 

DEP Rule Chapter 579: Classification Attainment Evaluation Using Biological Criteria 

for Rivers and Streams. For streams and rivers, aquatic life criteria are deemed to be 

attained when the applicable biocriterion is met with probability greater than 0.60. 

Final determination of attainment may in some cases be made by professional 

judgment, applied in accordance with the procedures described in Maine DEP Chapter 

579. 

The Biological Monitoring Program recently completed an algal bioassessment model 

applicable to wadeable streams and rivers with rocky substrates. The Program also 

recently completed a provisional macroinvertebrate bioassessment model for 

freshwater emergent and aquatic bed wetlands, including fringing wetlands associated 

with rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. The stream algal model and wetland 

macroinvertebrate models have not yet been implemented. For the 2012 Integrated 

Report, Department biologists used expert judgment to evaluate structure and function 

of the stream algal and wetland macroinvertebrate communities to assess attainment 

of narrative aquatic life criteria (38 MRSA §465). Chapter 579 will be amended to 

include the stream algal and wetland macroinvertebrate models, following standard 

public review protocols, after they have been adequately tested. Ambient water 

quality criteria, whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing, and other biological sampling are 

also used to determine if other components of the biological community, such as fish, 

meet the aquatic life uses. 

Lake Trophic State: Assessment is based on measures of transparency, chlorophyll 

a, total phosphorus and color (Table 4-4). When lakes lack this information, a trophic 

determination made by DIF&W is used, if available. Their determination is more 

subjective and generally applies to the lake system as a whole including adjacent 

wetlands and fisheries productivity. Trophic determination is tracked by source (DEP 

or DIF&W) in the assessment database. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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66 

Table 4-4 Lake Trophic State Parameters and Guidelines 

Numerical Guidelines for Evaluation of Trophic Status in Maine *

(Note: Dystrophy is not often evaluated as a trophic category separately from categories below.) 

Trophic Status

Parameter1 Oligotrophic Mesotrophic2Eutrophic

SDT3 > 8 meters 4-8 meters < 4 meters 

CHL a < 1.5 ppb 1.5 – 7 ppb > 7 ppb 

Total Phosphorus3 < 4.5 ppb 4.5 – 20 ppb >20 ppb 

TSI3,4 0-25 25-60 >60 and/or repeated algal blooms 

1

 SDT, CHL a, and Total Phosphorus based on long-term means. 

2

 No chronic nuisance algal blooms. 

3

 If color is > 30 Standard Platinum Units (SPU) or not known, chlorophyll a concentration (CHL a), dissolved 

oxygen and best professional judgment used to assign trophic category. 

4

 TSI = Trophic State Indices are calculated when adequate data exists and color is at or below 30 SPU.

* This table is a duplicated Lakes Section of this Chapter for convenience.

Support of Indigenous Species: Assessment based on the known absence of a 

species that previously was documented as indigenous to a waterbody in historical 

records collected by state or federal agencies or through published scientific literature; 

or based on non-attainment of water quality criteria or absence of critical habitat 

necessary to support indigenous species. 

Dissolved Oxygen: Assessment of dissolved oxygen is based on the results of 

repeated measurements, collected over time. Single excursions of the criterion or 

excursions within the range of sampling or instrument error (as established in a 

Quality Assurance Project Plan) may not be used in every case unless there is 

corroborating evidence of reasonable potential for impairment of a use. Factors to be 

taken into account when considering corroborating evidence include, but are not 

limited to: time of data collection; in-stream characteristics; site characteristics (e.g. 

land use, gradient, canopy cover); water temperature; extent of excursion; algal 

community; measurement method. Assessment may also be based on the use of 

water quality models (e.g. QUAL2E) based on present or expected loadings. New 

legislation provides that dissolved oxygen in the deeper waters of a riverine 

impoundment may not be used for measurement of water quality attainment. 

Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Assessment is based on measured exceedance of 

Statewide Water Quality Criteria (or Site-specific criteria where they may exist), or 

reasonable potential to exceed the criteria following EPA’s Principle of Independent 

Applicability and Technical support document. Single excursions of the criterion or 

excursions within the range of sampling or instrument error (as established in a 

Quality Assurance Project Plan) may not be used in every case unless there is 

corroborating evidence of reasonable potential for impairment of a use. Factors to be 

taken into account when considering corroborating evidence include, but are not 

limited to: in-stream characteristics; land use; extent of excursion; analysis method; 

hardness; pH, temperature or dissolved organic carbon. Assessment may also be 

based on the use of water quality models (e.g. dilution models) based on present or 

expected loadings. 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators: Excessive nutrient enrichment 

(eutrophication) can cause negative environmental impacts to surface waters, such as 

algal blooms, low dissolved oxygen concentrations, fish kills, excessive growths of 

filamentous algae or bacteria, generation of cyanotoxins, and alteration of community 

structure. In 2012, the Department prepared a new draft of Chapter 583: Nutrient 

Criteria for Surface Waters in preparation for a rulemaking process. The U.S.
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

67 

Environmental Protection Agency indicated their support of the new version of the 

draft rule. Chapter 583 focused on freshwater systems and described how the 

Department would use total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and environmental 

response indicator measurements in a decision framework to determine attainment of 

designated uses (e.g., recreation, aquatic life support). The proposed rule also 

described how the Department would use the attainment determinations for the 

establishment of nutrient discharge limits in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination 

System permits. 

Chapter 583 will eventually include nutrient criteria for marine waters, which will 

include thresholds for total nitrogen (TN) as well as environmental response indicators 

to determine attainment of designated uses in estuarine and coastal waters. Marine 

nitrogen criteria are currently under development. For more information on both 

freshwater and marine nutrient criteria, please visit the following website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/nutrient-criteria/index.html

Non-numeric listing criteria for this cause of Aquatic Life Use (ALU) impairment consist 

of documentation of abnormal biological findings that indicate nutrient enrichment in 

rivers and streams as well as marine and estuarine waters. Excess nutrients impair 

ALU through alteration of habitat, creation of diurnal dissolved oxygen sags caused by 

excessive plant and algae growth, abundant epiphytic growth resulting in decreased 

light availability to submerged vegetation, and alteration of benthic macroinvertebrate 

assemblage structure. 

Bacteria: Assessment is based on repeated measurements (generally at least six) to 

establish an annual geometric mean. Single sample measures are highly variable and 

not a reliable indicator of impairment or attainment, but the instantaneous criterion 

provides a benchmark for use in interpreting of Maine’s water quality standards. 

Impairment decisions are made using diagnostic procedures that determine the 

probability of a human or domestic animal source of bacteria; bacteria of wildlife origin 

do not violate Maine’s standards (38 M.R.S.A Section 465, 465-A, 465-B). 

Water Color: Assessment based on repeated measurements of discharge 

performance data (pulp and paper discharges only). 

General Provisions: pH based on repeated measurements (between 6.0 and 8.5 for 

freshwaters; 7.0 and 8.5 for marine waters), however, certain naturally occurring 

waterbody types (e.g. bogs, aquifer lakes, high elevation lakes) or events may 

naturally have low pH and affect downstream waters. Use impairment from solids is 

subjectively determined. Radioactivity in surface water is not presently monitored. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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68 

INTEGRATED REPORT LISTS OF CATEGORIES 1 THROUGH 5 

Table 4-5 presents a summary of state waters (rivers/streams, lakes/ponds, wetlands, 

and estuarine/marine waters) which are attaining, or not attaining, standards. Tables 

4-6 through 4-19 present three different types of information for those same types of 

state waters; the three types are: 1) Individual designated use support summary (4-6 

through 4-9); 2) Total size of Category 4 and 5 impaired waters by listing 

cause/stressor type (4-10 through 4-14); 3) Total size of Category 4 and 5 impaired 

waters by source category (4-15 through 4-10). 

Table 4-5 Summary of State Waters Attaining and Not Attaining Standards 

Waterbody Type 

Total 

Assessed 

for Attaining 

of WQ 

Standards 

– 

Assessed 

for 

Designated 

Uses 

Total with 

Insufficient 

Data for 

Assessment 

– 

Not Assessed 

for Any 

Designated 

Uses 

(Category 3) 

Total Attaining 

All WQ 

Standards 

- 

Supporting All 

Designated 

Uses 

(Category 1) 

Total 

Attaining At 

Least One 

Standard 

– 

Supporting at 

Least One 

Use, But Not 

All Standards 

Assessed 

(Category 2) 

Total Not 

Attaining One 

or More WQ 

Standards 

– 

Not Supporting 

One or More 

Uses – But Not 

Needing a 

TMDL 

(Category 4) 

Total Not 

Attaining One 

or More WQ 

Standards 

– 

Not Supporting 

One or More 

Uses – and 

TMDL is 

Needed 

(Category 5) 

River & Stream 

Miles1 31,298 383 4,338 25,371 273 2

 932 

Number of 

Lakes/Ponds 5,780 3

 0 2,857 2,894 3 27 2 

Lake & Pond 

Acres 986,952 3

 0 295,443 606,945 3 75,915 8,649 

Freshwater 

Wetland Stations 122 14 0 96 8 4 

Freshwater 

Wetland Acres4 1240 5

 841 0 size undetermined 57 342 

Estuarine/Marine 

Square Miles 2,876 4 0.0 2,690 174 7

 6

Estuarine/Marine 

(Acres) 1,840,147 2,835 0.0 1,721,748 111,253 4,311 6

Tidal Wetland 

Acres N/A 6

 N/A 6 N/A 6 N/A 6 N/A 6 N/A 6

1

 River and Stream mile summaries for each reporting category were generated by the Maine Assessment Database 

(ADB) and may be somewhat different from river and stream miles reported in Table 2-1. 

2

 These figures do not include those waters listed under Category 4-A for atmospheric deposition of mercury. 

3

 Includes 6 Category 2 lakes (22 acres) on coastal islands, all 6 lakes are not assigned to mainland HUCs. 

4 Wetland acreage summaries for each reporting category were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

5

 For Category 1 and Category 3 through 5 only. 

6

 All estuarine and marine waters capable of naturally supporting lobster propagation are affected by a shellfish (lobster 

tomalley) consumption advisory due to the presence of PCBs and dioxins. These Category 5 totals do not include coastal 

waters under the statewide consumption advisory. 

6

 "N/A" means "Not Assessed". 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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69 

Table 4-6 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Rivers and Streams 

USE Total Size 

(Miles1) 

Size 

Assessed 

(Miles1) 

Size Fully 

Supporting 

(Miles1) 

Size Fully 

Supporting and 

Threatened 

(Miles1) 

Size Not 

Supporting 

(Miles1) 

Size with 

Insufficient 

Info (Miles1)

Agricultural Supply 31,298 30,352 30,352 0 0 945 

Drinking Water Supply After 

Disinfection 20,089 4,400 4,400 0 0 15,688 

Drinking Water Supply After 

Treatment 11,128 1,160 1,156 0 3 9,956 

Fish and Other Aquatic Life 31,221 30,619 29,912 0 707 599 

Fish Consumption 2 31,298 5,535 4,902 0 633 26,744 

Fishing 31,219 5,553 5,545 0 8 25,648 

Hydroelectric Power 

Generation 21,002 1,769 1,769 0 0 19,217 

Industrial Process and 

Cooling Water Supply 21,002 1,769 1,769 0 0 19,217 

Navigation 31,219 5,557 5,552 0 5 25,642 

Primary Contact Recreation 31,219 5,537 5,343 0 193 25,462 

Secondary Contact 

Recreation 31,219 5,534 5,359 0 175 25,464 

1

 River and stream mile summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

2

 All freshwaters are listed for a fish consumption advisory due to mercury (Category 4A-EPA approved Regional Mercury 

TMDL). The Fish Consumption listing is for additional consumption advisories beyond that caused by mercury (these 

waters also have a mercury advisory). 

Table 4-7 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Lakes 

CWA Goals Designated Use 

Size Fully 

Supporting – 

Attaining WQ 

Standards 

(Acres) 

Size Not 

Supporting – 

Not Attaining 

WQ Standards 

(Acres) 

Size Not 

Attainable – 

UAA 

Performed 

Protect & Enhance 

Ecosystems Aquatic Life Support 893,228* 84,564 9,160**

Protect & Enhance 

Public Health

Fish Consumption (Hg) 

Swimming 

Secondary Contact 

Drinking Water Source Water

0 

962,887 

986,952 

986,952 

986,952 

24,065 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

Social & Economic 

Agricultural 

Industrial 

Cultural or Ceremonial 

State Defined: 

1. Hydropower & Navigation 

986,952 

986,952 

986,952 

986,952 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

*Includes Fully Supporting (Cat. 1:295,443 acres) and Insufficient Information but assumed to be Fully Supporting (Cat. 

2: 596,474 acres) less UAA acreage. 

**Includes acreages of Ragged (2,712 acres) and Seboomook (6,448 acres) Lakes 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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70 

Table 4-8 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Wetlands 

USE 

Total 

Size 

(Acres1)

Size 

Assessed 

(Acres1) 

Size Fully 

Supporting 

(Acres1) 

Size Fully 

Supporting and 

Threatened 

(Acres1) 

Size Not 

Supporting 

(Acres1) 

Size with 

Insufficient 

Info 

(Acres1) 

Drinking Water Supply After 

Disinfection 772 0 0 0 0 772 

Drinking Water Supply After 

Treatment 863 274 274 0 0 589 

Fish and Other Aquatic Life 1635 669 395 0 274 966 

Fish Consumption 2 1,635 393 56 0 337 1,242 

Fishing 1,635 274 274 0 0 1,361 

Hydroelectric Power 

Generation 1,628 274 274 0 0 1,354 

Industrial Process and 

Cooling Water Supply 1,628 274 274 0 0 1,354 

Navigation 1,635 274 274 0 0 1,361 

Primary Contact Recreation 1,635 274 268 0 6 1,361 

Secondary Contact 

Recreation 1,635 274 268 0 6 1,361 

Agricultural Supply 1,635 669 669 0 0 966 

1 Wetland acreage summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

2

 All freshwaters are listed for a fish consumption advisory due to mercury (Category 4A-EPA approved Regional Mercury 

TMDL). The fish consumption (other) listing is for additional consumption advisories beyond than that caused by mercury 

(these waters also have a mercury advisory). 

Table 4-9 Individual Designated Use Support Summary for Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters 

CWA Goals Designated Use 

Size Fully 

Supporting – 

Attaining WQ 

Standards 

(square miles) 

Size Not 

Supporting – 

Not Attaining 

WQ Standards 

(square miles) 

Size Not 

Attainable – 

UAA 

Performed 

(square miles)

Protect & 

Enhance 

Ecosystems 

Marine Life 2,836 10 0 

Protect & 

Enhance 

Public Health 

Fish Consumption1

Shellfish Consumption2

(excluding lobster tomalley) 

Shellfish Consumption3

(lobster tomalley) 

Swimming 

(primary and secondary contact) 

0 

2,578 

0 

2,846 

2,846 

268 

2,846 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Social & 

Economic 

Aquaculture 

Navigation 

Industrial supply water 

Hydropower 

2,846 

2,846 

2,846 

2,846 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 Based on a statewide fish/shellfish consumption advisory (striped bass and bluefish advisory)

2 Does not include statewide advisories for PCBs or dioxin in lobster tomalley. Size not supporting based on total square 

miles of shellfish harvest bacterial closures (prohibited, restricted and conditionally restricted) set by Maine Department of 

Marine Resources and active as of 4/1/2011.

3 Based on a statewide consumption advisory for lobster tomalley for waters naturally capable of supporting lobster.
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

71 

Table 4-10 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Rivers and Streams by Listing 

Cause/Stressor Type 

Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired (miles1)

Pathogens (E. coli)

 NPS + CSO-sources 

175

(variable miles) 

Aquatic Life Criteria

(integrated effects including biocriteria, habitat and 

nutrient biological indicators) 

408

Oxygen depletion

 Dissolved oxygen 

 BOD

475

464 

21

Altered flow regime

 Fish passage barrier 

31

4.5 

Nutrients

 Nutrient/eutrophication, biological indicators 

243

184 

Toxic inorganics (metals) 26

Toxic organics

 Dioxin 

 Polychlorinated biphenyls 

422

371 

418 

Pesticides

DDT 

217

214 

pH/Acidity/Caustic conditions 1

Sedimentation 15

Harmful algae blooms 8

1 River and stream mile summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

Table 4-11 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Listing Cause/Stressor 

Type (Total acreage) 

Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired (acres)

Habitat Assessment (Lakes) 48,964 

Methylmercury 986,952 

Oxygen, Dissolved 634 

Phosphorus (Total) 36,234 

Secchi Disk Transparency 35,600 

Turbidity 7,865 

Table 4-12 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Listing Cause/Stressor 

Type (by Category) 

Listing Category Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired (acres) Number Impaired 

4A 

Methylmercury 986,952 5780 

Oxygen, Dissolved 634 1 

Phosphorus (Total) 27,585 23 

Secchi disk transparency 26,951 22 

4C Habitat Assessment (Lakes) 48,964 5 

Turbidity 7,865 1 

5A Secchi disk transparency 8,649 2 

Phosphorus (Total) 8,649 2 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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72 

Table 4-13 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Wetlands by Listing Cause/Stressor 

Type 

Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired (acres1)

Benthic-Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 273.5 

Benzene 212 

DDT 125 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 212 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 212 

1 Wetland acreage summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

Table 4-14 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters by 

Listing Cause/Stressor Type 

Cause/Stressor Type Size Impaired 

(square miles) 

Bacteria 159

 Bacteria (CSOs only) Variable 

Dissolved Oxygen 6

 Sediment Oxygen Demand <1 

Marine Life 1 

Nutrients/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 2 

Toxics 2,846

 Metals-copper <1 

 PAHs 0 

 PCBs 2,846 

 Dioxins 2,846 

Unknown 2 

Table 4-15 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Rivers and Streams by Source 

Category 

The format of this table was updated compared to 2010; it is now presented in keeping with the ADB. 

Source Category Size Impaired (miles1

) 

Industrial Point Source Discharge 403 

Source Unknown 398 

Non-Point Source 396 

Agriculture 358 

Municipal Point Source Discharges 164 

Unspecified Urban Stormwater 92 

Dam or Impoundment 58 

Impervious Surface/Parking Lot Runoff 54 

Post-development Erosion and Sedimentation 53 

Habitat Modification - other than Hydromodification 51 

Wet Weather Discharges (Point Source and Combination of 

Stormwater, SSO or CSO) 40 

RCRA Hazardous Waste Sites 38 

Inappropriate Waste Disposal 26 

Upstream Source 26 

Flow Alterations from Water Diversions 26 

Aquaculture (Permitted) 22 

Airports 19 

Wet Weather Discharges (Non-Point Source) 15 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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73 

Source Category Size Impaired (miles1

) 

Sources Outside State Jurisdiction or Borders 9 

Livestock (Grazing or Feeding Operations) 9 

Landfills 9 

Impacts from Abandoned Mine Lands (Inactive) 3 

Illegal Dumps or Other Inappropriate Waste Disposal 3 

Mine Tailings 1 

Impacts from Hydrostructure Flow Regulation/modification 1 

1 River and stream mile summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

Table 4-16 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Source Category 

Source Category Size Impaired (acres)

Atmospheric Deposition – Toxics 986,952 

Crop Production (Crop Land or Dry Land) 6,889 

Flow Alterations from Water Diversions 30 

Impacts from Hydrostructure Flow Regulation/modification 48,964 

Industrial Land Treatment 1,820 

Internal Nutrient Recycling 11,900 

Landfills 29 

Livestock (Grazing or Feeding Operations) 5,093 

Municipal Point Source Discharge 4288 

Natural Sources 9,683 

Non-irrigated Crop Production 10,532 

Residential Districts 13,358 

Rural (Residential Areas) 21,903 

Unspecified Unpaved Road or Trail 11,535 

Unspecified Urban Stormwater 11,535 

Table 4-17 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Lakes by Source Category (by Listing 

Category) 

Listing 

Category Source Category Size Impaired (acres) 

Number of 

Lakes 

4A 

Atmospheric Deposition - Toxics 986,952 5780 

Crop Production (Crop Land or Dry Land) 6,940 6 

Flow Alterations from Water Diversions 30 1 

Industrial Land Treatment 1,820 2 

Internal Nutrient Recycling 11,490 7 

Landfills 29 1 

Livestock (Grazing or Feeding Operations) 5,018 4 

Municipal Point Source Discharges 4288 1 

Natural Sources 1,869 2 

Non-irrigated Crop Production 10,532 5 

Residential Districts 5,119 3 

Rural (Residential Areas) 21,954 16 

Unspecified Unpaved Road or Trail 3,296 2 

Unspecified Urban Stormwater 3,296 2 

4C 

Impacts from Hydrostructure Flow 

Regulation/modification 48,964 5 

Natural Sources 7,865 1 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

74 

Listing 

Category Source Category Size Impaired (acres) 

Number of 

Lakes 

5A 

Crop Production (Cropland or Dryland) 410 1 

Internal Nutrient Cycling 410 1 

Natural 410 1 

Residential Districts 8,239 1 

Rural (Residential Areas) 410 1 

Unspecified Unpaved Road or Trail 8,239 1 

Unspecified Urban Stormwater 8,239 1 

Table 4-18 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Wetlands by Source Category 

Source Category Size Impaired (acres1)

CERCLA NPL (Superfund) Sites 212 

Industrial Point Source Discharge 212 

RCRA Hazardous Waste Sites 212 

Agriculture 125 

Agriculture 125 

Unspecified Urban Stormwater 54 

Non-Point Source 35 

Habitat Modification - other than Hydromodification 33 

Impervious Surface/Parking Lot Runoff 9 

Illegal Dumps or Other Inappropriate Waste Disposal 6 

Inappropriate Waste Disposal 6 

1 Wetland acreage summaries were generated by the Maine Assessment Database (ADB). 

Table 4-19 Total Sizes of Category 4 and 5 Impaired Maine Estuarine and Marine Waters by 

Source Category 

Source Category (examples) Size Impaired (square miles)

Combined Sewer Overflows Variable 

Legacy Pollutants 2,846 

Municipal Point Sources / Overboard Discharge 163 

Nonpoint Source 154 

Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers 52 

Unknown 4 

Partial Impoundment <1 

Sediment Oxygen Demand <1 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

75 

RIVERS / STREAMS

Water Classification Program 

Contact: Susanne K. Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment 

(DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/classification/index.html 

Maine has four water quality classes of rivers and streams: AA, A, B, and C (38 

M.R.S.A., Chapter 3, Section 465). Each classification assigns designated uses and 

water quality criteria (narrative and numeric), and may place specific restrictions on 

certain activities (Table 4-1 and 4-20) such that the goal conditions of each class may 

be achieved or maintained. Definitions of terms used in the classification are provided 

in 38 M.R.S.A. Section 466. 

Class AA waters are managed for their outstanding natural ecological, recreational, 

social, and scenic qualities. Direct discharge of pollutants is allowed but highly 

restricted. Dams and other significant human disturbances are prohibited. 

Class A waters are managed for high quality with limited human disturbance allowed. 

Direct discharges are allowed but highly restricted. Physical and chemical 

characteristics should be similar to natural conditions.

Class B waters are general-purpose waters and are managed to attain good physical, 

chemical and biological water quality. Well-treated discharges with ample dilution are 

allowed.

Class C waters are managed to attain at least the swimmable-fishable goals of the 

federal Clean Water Act, including protection of spawning for indigenous fish species. 

Aquatic life standards require maintenance of the structure and function of the 

biological community. 

Table 4-20 Maine Water Quality Criteria for Classification of Fresh Surface Waters (38 MRSA 

§465) 

Dissolved

Oxygen 

Numeric 

Criteria 

Bacteria

(E. coli) 

Numeric 

Criteria 

Habitat 

Narrative 

Criteria 

Aquatic Life (Biological) 

Narrative Criteria 

Class AA as naturally 

occurs 

as naturally 

occurs 

Free flowing 

and natural 

Direct discharge of pollutants is allowed but 

highly restricted; as naturally occurs ** 

Class A 7 ppm; 

75% saturation 

as naturally 

occurs 

Natural Direct discharges are allowed but highly 

restricted; as naturally occurs ** 

Class B 

7 ppm; 

75% saturation 

64/100 ml 

(g.m.*) or 

236/100 ml 

(inst.*) 

Unimpaired 

Discharges shall not cause adverse impact

to aquatic life in that the receiving waters shall 

be of sufficient quality to support all aquatic 

species indigenous to the receiving water

without detrimental changes to the 

resident biological community. ** 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

76 

Dissolved

Oxygen 

Numeric 

Criteria 

Bacteria

(E. coli) 

Numeric 

Criteria 

Habitat 

Narrative 

Criteria 

Aquatic Life (Biological) 

Narrative Criteria 

Class C 

5 ppm; 

60% saturation 

6.5 ppm 

(monthly 

average) at 22° 

and 24°F 

126/100 ml 

(g.m.*) or 

236/100 ml 

(inst.*) 

Habitat for 

fish and 

other aquatic 

life 

Discharges may cause some changes to 

aquatic life, provided that the receiving waters 

shall be of sufficient quality to support all 

species of fish indigenous to the receiving 

waters and maintain the structure and 

function of the resident biological 

community. ** 

* "g.m." means geometric mean and "inst." means instantaneous level 

** Numeric criteria in Chapter 579, Classification Attainment Evaluation Using Biological Criteria for Rivers and Streams 

Maine law requires that once every three years, the Department review the 

classification system and related standards and make recommendations to the Board 

of Environmental Protection for any needed changes in the water quality 

classifications assigned to specific waterbodies. A major review of water quality 

standards and classifications was completed in 2009. The Department conducted 

statewide workshops and direct mail and telephone outreach to obtain public input and 

to solicit proposals for consideration to change the management classification 

assigned to specific waterbodies. The Board held hearings that resulted in 

recommendations to the Maine State Legislature for the upgrade of part or all of 16 

rivers and streams and one marine waterbody. The Board recommended and the 

Legislature also approved changes to statutory language to clarify the classifications 

of 6 other waterbodies, and to conduct a Use Attainability Analysis on 1 impaired 

stream to determine its highest attainable goal condition. The current distribution of 

waters assigned to these four water quality classes is summarized in Table 4-21: 

Table 4-21 Percent Distribution of River/Stream Water Classes 

Class Percent of Major* 

Mainstem River Miles 

Percent of Total River 

and Stream Miles 

AA 27.5 % 5.6 % 

A 22.3 % 43.8 % 

B 29.6 % 49.2 % 

C 20.6 % 1.4 % 

* Major mainstem rivers are rivers that have a watershed of >500 square miles. 

In 2011, the classification of 1 waterbody was changed and in 2012, ambient water 

quality criteria (human health criteria for inorganic arsenic, acrolein and phenol; 

aquatic life criteria for acrolein, diazanon, nonylphenol) as included in Chapter 584, 

Surface Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Pollutants were revised or expanded. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

77 

Summary of Statewide River and Stream Attainment Status 

Contact: Susanne K. Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment 

(DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov

The Integrated Assessment Water Quality Report to Congress requires the 

assignment of each Assessment Unit (AU) into one of five categories (Section 4-1, 

Assessment Methodology). A water is determined to be impaired if one or more of the 

uses assigned by its classification is not attained, as determined by the criteria 

assigned to that water class. An overall use attainment summary is provided in 

Tables 4-6 and 4-22. The 2012 use attainment assessment reports on AUs 

amounting to 31,298 miles of rivers and streams that are tracked in the Assessment 

Database (ADB). Information on the status of individual AUs may be found in Listings 

on Individual Waters, Appendix II, Categories 1-5. A spatial representation of many 

AUs can be viewed using this Google Earth Project (note that the project is under 

construction): 

www.maine.gov/dep/gis/datamaps/lawb_integrated_report/lawb_integrated_report.km

z

Assessment units (AUs) can be listed for different impairments in different Categories 

(3-5). For example, an AU may be in Category 4-A for a contact recreation 

impairment due to the 2009 Statewide Bacteria TMDL; simultaneously, it may be in 

Category 5-D for legacy pollutants. The mileage totals shown in Table 4-22 are for 

‘single category’ reporting, meaning each AU is only counted once, namely in the 

highest category it is in. For the example above, the AU would only be counted under 

Category 5. 

Table 4-22 Summary of Changes to Surface Water Assessment Categories – 2010 to 2012* 

Rivers and Streams

31,215= Total Miles Assessed in 2010 

31,298=Total Miles Assessed in 2012 

2010 Miles in 

Category** 

% of Total 2010

Assessed Miles

2012 Miles in 

Category*** 

% of Total 2012

Assessed Miles

% Change 

'10-‘12 

Change in 

Miles '10 - '12

Category 1 4,338 13.9 4,338 13.9 0 0

Category 2 25,394 81.4 25,371 81.1 -0.3 -23

Category 3 314 1.0 383 1.2 0.2 69

Category 4 446 1.4 273 0.9 -0.6 -173

Category 5 719 2.3 933 3.0 0.7 214

 * This table is a partial duplicate of Table 2-1 in Chapter 2; it appears twice for convenience 

 ** Single-Category Reporting miles, as generated by final 2010 cycle Maine ADB 

*** Single-Category Reporting miles as generated by 2012 cycle Maine ADB

Category 1 (Appendix II Category 1). The 2010 assessment assigned 4,338 miles 

(14%) of rivers and streams to Category 1 (fully attaining all uses other than statewide 

mercury advisory as explained in Category 5C below). The Department has 

determined through monitoring and evaluation that large areas of the state should be 

included in this category where there is significant protection afforded by either state 

or private conservation efforts. Maine is fortunate to have entire sub-watersheds 

where there is little to no human habitation, few roads and only minimal disturbance 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

78 

(typically well managed forestry operations that are well buffered to protect water 

quality) or significant conservation ownership. 

Category 2 (Appendix II Category 2). The 2012 assessment assigned 25,371 miles 

(81%) of rivers and streams to Category 2 (fully attaining all uses other than statewide 

mercury advisory as explained in Category 5-C below). Two waterbodies totaling 3.34 

miles were delisted from Category 4-A to Category 2 due to new data showing 

attainment of contact recreation criteria. The mapping of a number of assessment 

units in this category, and resulting adjustment in unit length, caused a slight decrease 

in total mileage in this category compared to 2010.

Category 3 (Appendix II Category 3). The 2012 assessment assigned 383 miles (1%) 

of rivers and streams to Category 3 (insufficient information to determine attainment). 

Most of these segments have been assigned to Category 3 because of inconclusive or 

conflicting monitoring data. Ten new segments totaling 160 miles were added to 

Category 3 in 2012 because an initial evaluation of potential non-attainment requires 

re-sampling to confirm. One of the 10 segments (96 miles) is also in Category 5-D, 

bringing the total number of miles added in 2012 to Category 3 only to 64. The 

remaining 5 miles that were added to Category 3 in 2012 are a result of mapping 

corrections. 

Category 4 (Appendix II Category 4). Category 4 impaired waters do not require the 

development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). The 2012 assessment assigned 

273 miles (1%) of rivers and streams to Category 4. As explained below, increases in 

mileage from 2010 to 2012 are primarily attributable to the approval of a Statewide 

TMDL while decreases in mileage are primarily attributable to the correction in the 

ADB of the single-listing Category for several waterbodies. Waters in Category 4 are 

placed into one of three subcategories: 

 4-A for waters that already have a TMDL that has been approved by EPA 

• Segments totaling 147 miles are listed in this subcategory. 

• 30 new segments totaling 72 miles have been added to Category 4-A as compared to 

the 2010 cycle. All of these waterbodies have aquatic life use impairments (for one or 

more of the following causes: DO, benthic macroinvertebrates, algae/periphyton and 

habitat) and have been moved from Category 5-A to Category 4-A for these impairments 

due to their inclusion in the Maine Statewide % Impervious Cover TMDL, approved by 

US EPA in September 2012. Three of these segments totaling 13 miles are also listed 

in Category 5-A or 5-D and their mileages are thus not included in the Category 4-A 

single listing numbers shown in Table 4-22, bringing the total number of miles added in 

2012 to Category 4-A only due to TMDL approval to 59. 

• For 3 segments that were already in Category 4-A, a new aquatic life use impairment 

[for Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments] was added that is expected to be 

addressed by the existing TMDL. Two of these 3 segments were already in Category 4-

A, i.e. these new listings did not affect the total mileage in this category. One segment is 

also in Category 5-D and thus not included in the Category 4-A mileage. 

 4-B for waters where there is an enforceable mechanism in place to bring the water into 

attainment (e.g. new or renewed wastewater discharge license; court order, etc.) 

• Segments totaling 94 miles are listed in this subcategory. 

• 5 segments totaling 94 miles have been moved into Category 4-B due to the 

development of enforceable mechanisms to bring the waters into attainment. Of these 

segments, only 1 (14 miles) is solely listed in Category 4-B, i.e. only 14 miles were 

added to the Category 4 mileage total due to new permits. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

79 

• A number of segments were inadvertently placed in Category 4-B instead of 5-D in the 

ADB in 2010, resulting in a significant overestimate (by ~240 miles) of the mileage in 

this category. 

 4-C for waters where there is no pollutant involved in the impairment problem 

• Segments totaling 31 miles are listed in this subcategory. 

• No new segments were added to 4-C in 2012 

Category 5 (Appendix II Category 5). Impaired waters that require the development of 

a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) determination. The 2012 assessment assigned 

933 miles (3%) of rivers and streams to Category 5 (impaired for one or more uses as 

well as statewide mercury advisory as explained in Category 5-C below). As explained 

below, increases in mileage from 2010 to 2012 are primarily attributable to the 

correction in the ADB of the single-listing Category for several waterbodies while 

decreases in mileage are primarily attributable to the approval of a Statewide TMDL 

while. Waters in Category 4 are placed into one of four subcategories: 

 5-A for waters impaired by pollutants; a priority for TMDL development 

• 30 segments totaling 72 miles have been moved from Category 5-A to Category 4-A due 

to their inclusion in the Maine Statewide % Impervious Cover TMDL, approved by US 

EPA in September 2012. Two of these segments totaling 8 miles continue to be also 

listed in Category 5-A and their mileages are thus retained in this Category, bringing the 

total number of miles removed from this Category in 2012 due to TMDL approval to 64. 

• 5 segments totaling 94 miles have been moved from Category 5-A to Category 4-B due 

to the development of enforceable mechanisms to bring the waters into attainment. Of 

these segments, only 1 (14 miles) has no other Category 5 listing, i.e. only 14 miles 

were removed from Category 5-A total due to new permits. 

• 5 new segments totaling 116 miles were added to Category 5-A in 2012 due to new 

monitoring data showing impairments. 

• 2 new segments totaling 18 miles have been moved from Category 5-A to Category 5-D. 

 5-B for waters impaired by bacteria contamination only 

• 2 new segments have been added to Category 5-B in 2012 totaling 9.2 miles. 

 5-C for waters impaired by atmospheric deposition of mercury (Inactive Category due to EPA 

approved Regional Mercury TMDL) 

• All freshwaters in Maine have an advisory for the consumption of fish due to the 

presence of mercury presumed to be from atmospheric deposition. A Regional Mercury 

TMDL was approved by US EPA making these waters Category 4-A. 

• This Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report does not consider this 

statewide advisory in establishing other category listings. 

• The advisory is based on probability data that a stream, river, or lake may contain some 

fish that exceed the advisory action level (Maine uses a lower action level of 0.2 mg/kg 

(edible portion) than that established by the USEPA). Any freshwater may contain both 

contaminated and uncontaminated fish depending on size, age, and species occurrence 

in that water. The advisory applies to all freshwaters because it may be impossible for 

someone eating a fish to be able to tell where the fish originated and whether or not it 

has a high level of mercury. 

 5-D for waters impaired by the residuals of “legacy” activities 

• 2 new segments totaling 18 miles have been moved from Category 5-A to Category 5-D. 

• A number of segments was inadvertently placed in Category 4-B instead of 5-D in the 

ADB in 2010, resulting in a significant underestimate (by ~240 miles) of the mileage in 

this category. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

80 

Number of Segments that have been Delisted 

Due to EPA approval of the Statewide % Impervious Cover TMDL, the aquatic life use 

impairments (due to one or more of the following causes: DO, benthic 

macroinvertebrates, algae/periphyton and habitat) of 30 river and stream segments 

have been removed from Category 5-A and placed in Category 4-A for 2012. Two 

waters have been delisted to Category 2 due to newer data showing water quality 

standards attainment. The aquatic life use impairments [due to DO and 

nutrient/eutrophication biological indicators) of 5 river and stream segments have been 

removed from Category 5-A and placed in Category 4-B. See Table 8-5 in Chapter 8 

for a complete listing of all 2012 delistings. 

As with any assessment of this kind, the identification of impaired waters or delisted 

waters cannot be considered complete but rather is a reflection of the findings at a 

particular point in time, relative to the level of monitoring effort expended by the 

agency and other cooperating contributors. 

Listing Causes, Stressors and Sources of Impairment

Cause and stressor information for rivers and streams is provided in Table 4-10. 

Sources of impairment are provided in Table 4-15. Maine DEP uses the EPA 

Assessment Database (ADB) to track changes in water quality for Maine rivers, 

streams, lakes and wetlands. The ADB is enabling increasingly accurate and 

consistent tracking of causes, stressors and sources as the database is populated and 

updated from cycle to cycle. 

Causes (Table 4-10): The greatest number of impaired miles (636) is due to toxic 

contamination, including legacy pollutants such as DDT, dioxin and PCBs. For most 

mainstem river segments that are affected by pulp and paper mill discharges, dioxins 

have been listed in Category 4-B since 2004. Measureable differences above and 

below sources of dioxin are no longer detectable. However, those same segments are 

listed in Category 5-D for legacy sources of PCB contamination found in fish tissue. 

Non-attainment of aquatic life criteria, as determined by observations of biological 

effects, accounts for 408 miles of impairment. Most of these miles were assessed via 

benthic macroinvertebrate biocriteria although in 2012 the number of segments also 

assessed via the algae/periphyton community increased substantially from 7 to 28 

segments (8 in Category 3, 12 in Category 4-A, 8 in Category 5-A. Oxygen depletion 

accounts for 464 miles. Other notable causes include nutrients (243 miles) and 

pathogens (175 miles). 

Sources (Table 4-15): Atmospheric deposition of mercury affects all waters of the 

State and is the largest single source of pollution. Industrial point source discharges, 

unknown sources and non-point sources (NPS) are of almost equal importance, each 

affecting approximately 400 river miles. General agricultural NPS sources affect 358 

miles. 

It is important to understand that miles attributed to causes and sources in Tables 4-10 

and 4-15 may be listed more than once if a waterbody is subjected to several different 

types of disturbance. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

81 

Main Stems of Major Rivers 

Most of the mainstem rivers are in good condition and are attaining their classification, 

which is mostly Class B or C2

. Significant segments of the St. John, Allagash, East and 

West Branches of the Penobscot, St. Croix, and Kennebec Rivers are Class AA and A. 

The primary impairment issue on the larger rivers is non-attainment of the Fish 

Consumption use, with segments of the Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, Salmon 

Falls and Sebasticook Rivers listed in either Category 4 or Category 5. Tissue 

monitoring studies have found legacy PCB and dioxin contamination in mainstem 

rivers. Needed monitoring for other issues has had to be re-scheduled for some 

mainstem river segments (e.g., Sandy River, lower Androscoggin River) due to a 

variety of reasons. 

Two Class C segments of the Penobscot River (West Branch Penobscot River 

between Millinocket Stream and East Branch Penobscot River; mainstem Penobscot 

River to the confluence with the Mattawamkeag River) were moved directly from 

Category 2 to Category 4-B in the 2010 reporting cycle for aquatic life use 

impairments. Analysis of 2007 monitoring data during that reporting cycle documented 

non-attainment of dissolved oxygen criteria and problems with nutrient/eutrophication 

biological indicators. The Board of Environmental Protection issued an Administrative 

Consent Agreement on January 17, 2008 requiring reductions in phosphorus loading 

from one upstream mill thus establishing enforceable controls for these segments and 

enabling the delisting to Category 4-B. 

In addition to the existing two Category 5-A listings for dissolved oxygen and nutrient/ 

eutrophication biological indicators on the mainstem of the Penobscot River between 

the Mattawamkeag River and the Piscataquis River, three segments between the 

Piscataquis River and Reeds Brook (where water quality classification changes from 

Class B to marine Class SC) were placed into Category 5-A for the same impairments 

in the 2010 reporting cycle. In May of 2011, new MEPDES permits incorporating 

phosphorus discharge limits for all mills on the freshwater portion of the river were 

issued, putting in place water quality protection based on actual waste load allocations. 

As a result of this permitting action, the five mainstem segments are being moved to 

Category 4-B in the current reporting cycle. The Department is presently conducting 

ongoing ambient monitoring along all segments covered by the permit to assess the 

effectiveness of the new discharge limits. 2011 was the first year that monitoring was 

conducted; no non-attainment was measured. 

Data submitted by the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians (HBMI) Water Resources 

program documented high algal growth and large diurnal swings in dissolved oxygen 

on the Meduxnekeag River mainstem below Houlton. Downstream portions of the river 

(below the confluence with the South Branch Meduxnekeag River) are currently in 

Category 4A due to US EPA approval of a TMDL in 2001 to address elevated 

phosphorus. The river upstream of the South Branch has been listed in Category 3 

since the 2010 reporting cycle and data collection activities are ongoing. According to 

the 2010 water quality data report from the HBMI general trends for dissolved oxygen 

and total phosphorus along the mainstem of the Meduxnekeag River followed patterns 

similar to past years.

One of Maine's Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) communities (Rockland) has 

completed its CSO abatement projects and no longer has permitted CSOs. CSOs 

 

2

 Note that all freshwaters in Maine are subject to a statewide fish consumption advisory due to 

“Impairment caused by atmospheric deposition of mercury” (see page 58, above). 
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continue to occur on segments of other major rivers. In 2009, the Department 

completed a statewide bacteria TMDL that establishes a restoration and management 

plan for all sources of bacteria, including CSOs. 

In 2010 an addendum to the 2005 Final Androscoggin River TMDL (Gulf Island Pond 

and Livermore Falls Impoundment), and modifications to the Water Quality 

Certification of the Gulf Island Deer Rips Hydro project and MEPDES permits for two 

pulp and paper companies, have resulted in revised discharge limits of BOD, TSS, and 

phosphorus and improved oxygenation of Gulf Island Pond in the Androscoggin River. 

Consequently, the water quality has been improved. While water quality still does not 

meet Standards due to sediment oxygen demand from historic discharges, new 

permits and certification issued in late 2012 are expected to result in attainment within 

the permit period. Due to this permitting action, this segment was moved to Category 

4-B in the current reporting cycle.

In 2009, the Lower Androscoggin River (Lisbon Falls to Brunswick) was proposed for 

upgrade from Class C to Class B. The Board of Environmental Protection declined to 

recommend the upgrade, as did the Maine State Legislature. However, a Resolve was 

passed by the Legislature directing the Department to accelerate monitoring and 

modeling on this segment in the interest of reviewing this proposal in the future. A 

water quality field survey was completed in the summer of 2010. A water quality 

model was developed and predicted that the Class B criterion could not be met under 

critical water quality conditions. The Maine State Legislature’s Joint Committee for 

Natural Resources and the Environment recommended that the bill ought not to pass. 

Also concerning the lower Androscoggin River, the mainstem segment between the 

Pejepscot Dam and the Brunswick Dam, is listed in Category 4C (Impaired by nonpollutant). Information provided to the Department from the Department of Marine 

Resources indicates the segment fails to support an indigenous species of fish, the 

American shad, as required by statute. The dam at Brunswick and the fish passage 

device repeatedly fail to allow passage of a sufficient number of shad to establish a 

sustainable population in the river above the dam. This facility is a FERC licensed 

facility with a requirement for fish passage as part of a State-adopted restoration plan 

for this species. 

On the lower Presumpscot River a 1998 TMDL submittal noted that both the water 

quality model and a 1993 field survey indicate that minor non-attainment of class B 

dissolved oxygen (DO) criteria (0.2 to 0.3 ppm under criteria) occurs in the upper 

Presumpscot River at the Little Falls, Mallison Falls, and Saccarappa dam 

impoundments. It was concluded that the large amount of effort required for 

implementing a TMDL in these reaches was not warranted. It was recommended that 

additional data collection in the early morning hours (before 8 AM) occur and if nonattainment continued, a TMDL should be implemented for non-point sources. 

This non-attainment was addressed in the 2007 Water Quality Certification (WQC) for 

the five dams of the “Presumpscot River Hydro Projects” owned and operated by S. D. 

Warren. A recommendation was made for increased spillage from the Dundee and 

Gambo dams, as well as monitoring requirements when water temperatures in the 

Gambo impoundment exceeded 22oC before 8 AM. If the increased spillage does not 

maintain class B standards for DO, S. D. Warren is required to implement other 

measures. 

S.D. Warren has submitted annual reports indicating few excursions for each of the 

years 2008 through 2011. From these data it is evident that non-attainment is 

associated with low flow discharges from Sebago Lake through the Eel Weir dam. On 
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August 31, 2011 the Department approved the application for Water Quality 

Certification under section 401 of the Clean Water Act of Eel Weir Hydro Project, in 

which S. D. Warren proposes to increase minimum flows from 270 cfs to 408 cfs from 

June 1 to September 30 in order to maintain DO levels in the Presumpscot River. That 

WQC is currently under appeal to the Maine Superior Court regarding flow regulations 

impacts on lake levels and fish passage. 

Toxics 

DIOXIN MONITORING PROGRAM

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/toxics/ 

• The Dioxin Monitoring Program was incorporated into the Surface Water Ambient 

Toxics (SWAT) monitoring program in 2007. Please refer to the most recent 

SWAT report for latest information on this subject. 

SURFACE WATER AMBIENT TOXICS (SWAT) MONITORING PROGRAM

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/toxics/swat/ 

Please refer to the website for annual reports on this subject. Below are the executive 

summaries for 2009 and 2010. 

2009: 

• Thirty-nine stations were assessed for the condition of the benthic 

macroinvertebrate community. Twenty-nine of the thirty-nine stations attained the 

aquatic life standards of their assigned class. 

• Samples of fish from the Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, Salmon Falls, St. 

Croix, and Sebasticook rivers generally exceeded the MCDC’s fish tissue action 

levels (FTAL) for PCBs, used for setting fish consumption advisories, at most 

stations. 

• There are fish consumption advisories for several Aroostook County rivers and 

streams issued by the MCDC because of residuals of DDT used decades ago. 

Samples of trout from eight of ten Aroostook County rivers and streams sampled in 

2009 significantly exceeded MCDC’s FTAL used for setting the advisories. 

• Validation of use of a new method of mercury analysis with the University of Maine 

shows promise of quicker and less expensive monitoring of fish tissue mercury 

levels, which will allow collection of more data for use in review of Maine’s 

Statewide Fish Consumption Advisory for mercury. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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2010: 

• Forty-two stations were assessed for the condition of the benthic 

macroinvertebrate community. Twenty-seven stations attained the aquatic life 

standards of their assigned class. 

• Dioxin concentrations measured in fish from the West Branch of the Sebasticook 

River were lower than when last measured, but still exceed MCDC’s Fish Tissue 

Action Level (FTAL). The dioxin concentrations in fish from the St. Croix River 

above Woodland are below the FTAL; dioxin-like coplanar PCBs were not 

measured in 2010, but in previous years the addition of the PCBs resulted in an 

exceedance of the FTAL. 

• Fish captured from the Androscoggin River, Penobscot River below Millinocket, 

Presumpscot River in Gorham and Westbrook, and Sebasticook River at Newport 

and Burnham exceeded MCDC’s FTAL for dioxins. 

• A study of the Little Androscoggin River below the wastewater discharge from 

South Paris found no evidence of toxicity of the sediments to bottom dwelling 

organisms or of the river water to fish species, despite repeated exceedances of 

the copper limit in their discharge permit. 

• A project funded at the University of Maine developed a new non-lethal method of 

detecting exposure of fish to organic contaminants using fish scales. 

Aquatic Life Monitoring 

BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF RIVERS AND STREAMS

Contact: Leon Tsomides, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-4787 email: Leon.Tsomides@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/biomonitoring/index.html

The Biological Monitoring Program assesses the health of rivers, streams, and 

wetlands by evaluating the composition of the resident biological communities. In the 

1980s, the Maine Legislature passed the Water Classification Law and made an initial 

assignment of each river and stream reach in the state to one of four established 

classes (AA, A, B, and C Table 4-17). Subsequent Water Quality Reclassification 

initiatives since 1986 have reassigned waterbodies to more appropriate (usually higher 

quality) management classifications Class AA and Class A have the same aquatic life 

criteria and biological expectations (“as naturally occurs”). Data collected in 

accordance with Maine’s biocriteria protocol are analyzed to predict the likelihood of a 

waterbody attaining the aquatic life criteria of its assigned class (i.e. AA/A, B, and C). 

In 2003, MDEP adopted numeric biocriteria in rule Ch. 579 (for rivers and streams) 

which describes the process used to make aquatic life decisions using the benthic 

macroinvertebrate community. MDEP recently completed biological assessment 

methods for benthic algal communities of wadeable streams and rivers with rocky 

substrates. MDEP also monitors wetland macroinvertebrate and algal communities, 

and has developed provisional biological criteria for wetland macroinvertebrates. 

MDEP developed statistical models (linear discriminant functions) to predict aquatic life 

use attainment based on stream algal and wetland macroinvertebrate community 

data. The models for stream algae and wetland macroinvertebrates have not yet been 

implemented. For the 2012 Integrated Report, Department biologists determined 

attainment of the narrative aquatic life criteria already contained in the Water 
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Classification Program (38 MRSA §465) by using expert judgment to evaluate the 

structure and function of the stream algal (Appendix II) and wetland macroinvertebrate 

(Appendix IV) communities. Chapter 579 will be amended to include the stream algal 

and wetland macroinvertebrate models, following standard public review protocols, 

after they have been adequately tested. More detailed information on wetland 

monitoring and assessment is described in Chapter 5. Biomonitoring station locations 

and associated biological and physical data can be found at 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/biomonitoring/data.htm. 

REPORTS OF FISH KILLS

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

The Department of Environmental Protection documents all pollution-caused fish kills. 

For the 2009-10 reporting period, there were no documented fish kills due to pollution 

effects. 

Achieving Comprehensive Assessment of All Streams: 

Probability-based Design Monitoring 

Contact: Leon Tsomides, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-4787 email: Leon.Tsomides@maine.gov 

• Please refer to the 2006 report for information about streams. There have been no 

changes since the 2006 report. 

• Biological Monitoring Program staff participated in the design and planning for the 

National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA), and coordinated sampling 

efforts in Maine during the summer of 2011. Additional information about the 

NWCA is found in Chapter 5 of this report. Biomonitoring staff previously 

participated in planning for national surveys of wadeable streams and large rivers. 

LAKES / PONDS

Contact: Linda Bacon, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA), 

Lake Assessment Section 

Tel: (207) 441-0462 email: Linda.C.Bacon@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/water/lakes/index.html 

This section of the 2012 Integrated Report provides an update to information 

contained in the 2006, 2008 & 2010 Integrated Reports, links to which can be found 

at: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b 

Information included in the 2006 report (pages 75-91) includes: 

Physical Extent of lakes 

Statutory Classification of lakes 

Attainment of Classification 
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Attainment Evaluation Criteria for each Designated Use 

How Attainment Status relates to Listing Categories

Past use of Probability-based Designs 

Summary of Listing Category changes for 2006 

Criteria Used to Change Listing Status 

An overview of Maine’s Invasive Aquatic Plant program 

Economic Contribution of Lakes to Maine. 

Additional topics required under Section 314 addressed in the 2006 report include: 

Maine’s definition of Significant Lakes 

Trophic Status of Significant Publicly Owned Lakes 

Lake Rehabilitation Techniques 

Acid Effects on Lakes 

Toxics in Maine lakes 

Trend Analyses and Climate Considerations. 

A number of tables reappear in this report at the request of EPA Region I staff. 

Monitoring of Maine lakes continues to include reliance on a strong volunteer-based 

program, the Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program 

(www.mainevolunteerlakemonitors.org) as well as both targeted and probability based 

monitoring performed by state staff. The Lake Assessment Section participated in a 

US EPA Region I probability-based lake monitoring effort in 2006 as well as the 

National Lake Assessment (NLA) effort in 2007. The results of the NLA survey help to 

put the overall condition of Maine lakes in perspective nationally and add additional 

data on the lakes visited by the EPA-State teams. The NLA reinforced the conclusions 

that our lightly developed watersheds continue to support lakes in full attainment of 

most designated uses. 

ATTAINMENT OF CLASSIFICATION

The state designated a subset of the total population of lakes as ‘Significant Lakes’ as 

requested by EPA under Section 314 in the early 1990s. Table 4-23 summarizes 

numbers and acreages for all lakes having an identification number as well as the 

subset of Significant Lakes. 

Table 4-23 "All" and "Significant" Lake Category Information 

Maine Lake Population Summary

Number Acres

All Lakes 5,780 (100%) 986,952 (100%) 

Significant Lakes 2,313 (40%) 958,977 (97%) 

Designated uses actively assessed to determine classification attainment status are: 

Aquatic Life Support, Fish Consumption, Recreation In/On, and Drinking Water Supply 

(after disinfection/treatment). Table 4-24 summarizes how lake attainment status 

relates to specific Listing Categories used in the 2012 report. 
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Table 4-24 Summary of Listing Categories and Subcategories used in the 2012 Assessment of 

Maine lakes. 

Listing Category Category Summary 

1 Attaining all standards 

2 Attaining some standards; assumed to attain others 

3 Attaining some standards; Insufficient / no data / info to 

determine if standard(s) are met for use that may be impaired 

4a TMDL complete (includes Regional Hg Deposition TMDL) 

4b Expected to meet standards 

4c Not impaired by a pollutant 

5a TMDL needed 

Brief summaries of lakes by Listing Category follow. Lake specific changes are 

included in Chapter 8 as well as in the Appendix. 

Category 1: Lake waters attaining all designated uses and water quality 

standards, and no use is threatened.

For the purposes of this assessment, lakes having no population in their direct 

watersheds have been listed in ‘Category 1, Attaining all standards’, with the 

exception of four lakes which are listed in category 4c, in non-attainment of the 

Aquatic Life Use (habitat) due to non-pollutant (hydrologic modification). The number 

of lakes listed in Category 1 is 2,857, totaling 295,443 acres. Waters are summarized 

by the 10-digit HUC (Hydrologic Unit Code) within which they are located (Appendix 

III, Category 1). No lakes have moved in or out of this Listing Category since the 2008 

reporting cycle. 

Category 2: Lake waters attaining some of the designated use(s), no use is 

threatened, and insufficient data or no data and information is available to 

determine if the remaining uses are attained or threatened (with presumption 

that all uses are attained).

The Department is highly confident that these waters attain the following designated 

uses: drinking water (after disinfection / treatment), recreation in/on the water, fishing 

(excluding fish consumption), and as habitat for fish and other aquatic life. Category 2 

contains 2,894 lakes or 606,945 lake acres. Waters are summarized by the 10-digit 

HUC within which they are located (Appendix III, Category 2). Four lakes (709 acres 

were moved from Categories 4a and 5a into this category because additional data or 

information indicates that they are in attainment of some designated uses and 

presumed to be in attainment of the others. 

Category 3: Lake waters with insufficient data and information to determine if 

designated uses are attained (with presumption that one or more uses may be 

impaired).

Currently there are no lakes in Category 3. The one that in 2010 had been listed in 

Category 3 has been moved to Category 5a. This lake (Cochnewagon Pond) has a 

deteriorating trophic state and is no longer in attainment of ‘aquatic life’ and ‘primary 

contact’ criteria. This lake was treated with alum nearly 25 years ago which improved 

water quality for about one decade; data collected over the last 17 years suggest that 
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the lake has slowly returned to its former trophic state. A sediment core has been 

obtained to determine the historic trophic state so the Department can better establish 

a trophic target. 

Category 4: Lake waters that are impaired or threatened for one or more 

designated uses, but do not require development of a TMDL.

There are currently 27 lakes covering 75,915 acres listed in Category 4. These lakes 

fall into two subcategories: waters on which TMDLs have been completed (4A) and 

waters with impairments not caused by a pollutant (4C). Category 4A contains 22 

lakes totaling 26,951 acres. Two lakes are now in attainment of their classification 

and have been moved to Category 2 since 2010. 

Five lakes (48,964 acres) continue to be listed in Category 4C, lake water impairment 

not caused by a pollutant. All of these lakes are in non-attainment of aquatic life 

(habitat) standards due to hydromodification (drawdown). 

Note: For the 2008, 2010 and 2012 reporting cycles, the 4A category includes all 

freshwaters in Maine that were listed in previous cycles in a narrative Category 5-C 

“Impairment caused by atmospheric deposition of mercury” due to the Statewide fish 

consumption advisory due to mercury. On December 20, 2007 US EPA approved a 

Regional Mercury TMDL. 

Category 5: Lake waters that are impaired or threatened for one or more 

designated uses by a pollutant(s), TMDL development is required. 

Three sub categories have been designated under Category 5; however lakes have 

been listed in only one. 

Category 5A includes 2 lakes (8,649 acres) which are designated as ‘Significant’ 

(lakes impaired by pollutants, and require a TMDL to be conducted by the State of 

Maine). This total reflects the movement of 2 lakes (544 acres) to Category 2 and 

addition of 1 lake from Category 3 (410 acres). Appendix III, Category 5A indicates 

target dates for TMDL completions. Table 4-25 summarizes individual use support for 

the lakes in Category 5A. 

Table 4-25 Individual Use Support Summary for Lake (acres) in Category 5a (TMDL Needed) 

Designated Use NonAttainment Attainment 

Drinking Water Supply (after disinfection/treatment) 0 8,649 

Aquatic Life use Support 8,649 0 

Fishing (other than fish consumption covered in Cat. 4a) 0 8,649 

Recreation In / On 8,649 0 

Navigation, Hydropower, Agriculture & Industrial Supply 0 8,649 

Causes (or Stressors) resulting in non-attainment and Sources are summarized for all 

impaired waters in Tables 4-11 and 4-16 and Tables 4-12 and 4-17 provide Causes / 

Sources organized by Listing Category. 

For more information on Lake TMDL projects: 

Contact: Dave Halliwell, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 
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Tel: (207) 287-3901 email: David.Halliwell@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/tmdl

VARIOUS TABLES AND ADDITIONAL UPDATES REGARDING MAINE 

LAKES

Section 314 requires a summary of trophic classification for Maine's ‘Significant’ lakes. 

This summary is compiled using the numerical criteria in Table 4-4. Table 4-26 

summarizes the trophic distribution of Maine Lakes.

Table 4-26 Trophic Status of Maine Lakes 

Trophic Category Significant Lakes All Lakes 

Number Acres Number Acres 

Assessed 1,743 927,330 1,923 929,966 

 Dystrophic 2 34 2 34 

 Eutrophic 593 150,955 670 151,477 

 Mesotrophic 1,024 664,852 1,127 667,087 

 Oligotrophic 125 111,500 129 111,547 

Unknown 569 31,636 3,852 56,807 

Table 4-27 summarizes techniques used to rehabilitate lakes. 

Table 4-27 Lake Rehabilitation Technique Summary (Section 319 Projects) 

Rehabilitation Technique

Watershed Treatments 

 BMPs associated with Public & Private Road Management 

 BMPs associated with Shoreline Erosion Control / Bank Stabilization

Other Lake Protection/Restoration Techniques 

 Public Information/Education Program/Activities 

 Fish Removal Pilot Project 

Section 314 also requires reporting Acid Effects on lakes. Maine is fortunate to be 

located a considerable distance from many sources of atmospheric deposition that 

result in acidification of surface waters. Some smaller headwater and seepage lakes 

having naturally low pH are likely slightly more acidic due to such atmospheric inputs 

but not to levels that have conclusively altered the biota or caused Maine to consider 

mitigation activities. Recovery from acidic deposition is apparent in lakes in the 

northeast, including sensitive populations. Regionally, it is estimated that 

approximately half of the lakes determined to be acidic in the 1980s are now nonacidic (pH > 5). In Maine’s high elevation lakes, only four of the 12 lakes acidic in the 

1980s were acidic in 2009. An important change in aquatic chemistry coincident with 

decreased acidic deposition is increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon 

(DOC) in recovering surface waters across the northern hemisphere. This result has 

led to a shift in the source of acidity from inorganic sources (acid rain), to natural 

(DOC) sources. Tables 4-28 and 4-29 in the 2010 report estimated numbers and 

acreages of acidic lakes and sources of acidity (acid deposition and natural sources). 
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These tables have not been included in this report because the estimates are no 

longer reliable and departmental sampling priorities have not included revisiting all of 

the originally sampled waters. 

SURFACE WATER AMBIENT TOXICS (SWAT) MONITORING PROGRAM

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/toxics/swat/ 

Please refer to the website for annual reports on this subject. Below are the executive 

summaries for 2009 and 2010. 

2009: 

• Total PCBs in fish from Androscoggin Lake in Wayne were higher than when last 

measured in 2000-2001 and exceed the Maine Center for Disease Control and 

Prevention’s (MCDC) Fish Tissue Action Level. Data have been sent to the 

MCDC for further analysis. 

2010: 

• Fish from 45 lakes were sampled and analyzed for mercury concentrations by a 

new quicker less expensive, EPA-approved method using the Direct Mercury 

Analyzer 80 at the Sawyer Environmental Research and Chemistry Lab at the 

University of Maine in Orono. The results compared favorably with those from a 

subset of 22 lakes analyzed by a commercial lab using a more conventional 

method. There was no trend for fish from 26 lakes comparing 2010 results with 

those from the 1990s. The data were sent to the Maine Center for Disease Control 

and Prevention (MCDC) for use in reviewing the statewide Fish Consumption 

advisory. 

Invasive Aquatic Plants 

Contact: John McPhedran, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-9863 e-mail: John.McPhedran@maine.gov or Milfoil@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/water/invasives/index.html 

The Department’s formal program to prevent spread and control existing infestations of 

invasive aquatic plants was in its ninth and tenth years of existence in 2009 and 2010, 

respectively. 

The Lake and River Protection Sticker, the funding mechanism for the Department’s 

work on invasive aquatic species, was merged in 2008 (for Maine-registered boats 

only) with the freshwater watercraft registration to reduce administrative costs. The 

Maine watercraft registration (as of 2008) is now a two-piece sticker with one portion 

representing the $10 dedicated to invasive species work. Additional funding to the 

Department as a result of the merger increased grants to lake groups conducting 

invasive plant prevention and control projects. Any boater with an out-of-state 
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registration is still required to purchase the stand-alone $20 Lake and River Protection 

sticker to affix next to their out-of-state registration before launching on freshwater. 

As of March 2011, 33 inland bodies of water were known to be infested with invasive 

aquatic plants. Variable water milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum), found in 27 water 

bodies, is the most prevalent invasive aquatic plant. Eurasian water milfoil 

(Myriophyllum spicatum), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), and curly-leaf pondweed 

(Potamogeton crispus) are each in two water bodies. One of the curly-leaf pondweed 

waters also hosts the invasive European naiad (Najas minor), the only state water 

known to have two invasive aquatic plants. 

During 2009 and 2010 the Department focused significant resources on two 

infestations highlighted in the 2010 report, Eurasian water milfoil in Salmon Lake 

(Belgrade) and hydrilla in Damariscotta Lake (Jefferson). Response to each 

infestation has included installation of plant fragment screens to prevent further 

spread, frequent surveys for new plants, removal of plants by hand with divers, 

deployment of benthic barriers to smother plants, and application of systemic 

herbicide. 

Diver surveys of the infested area in Salmon Lake during 2010 (and 2011) reveal no 

re-emergence of Eurasian water milfoil. This is an encouraging finding, to be sure, but 

true eradication of the plant is still unlikely. 

In Damariscotta Lake, some hydrilla still grows in the area of initial infestation found in 

2009, but in 2011 a separate infestation was discovered in a primary tributary to the 

lake, approximately four miles north of the initial site. The Damariscotta Lake 

Watershed Association (DLWA) and the Department collaborated on response to the 

new infestation site including plant removal and use of benthic barriers. Management 

of this infestation, like all others in the state, will require partnerships between the 

Department and groups such as DLWA. The initial Damariscotta infestation was 

discovered by a volunteer trained through Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program’s 

Invasive Plant Patrol Program which is funded by revenues from the Lake and River 

Protection Sticker, required on all motorized watercraft launched on Maine inland 

water. 

One piece of upbeat infestation news is the removal of one lake, 382-acre Middle 

Range Pond in Poland, from the list of known infestations in Maine. The Range Pond 

Association (RPA) diligently surveyed for and removed variable milfoil plants since the 

plant was first found in 2001. The Department and RPA surveyed the previouslyinfested area in 2011 and found no variable milfoil, the third consecutive year in which 

surveys failed to detect the plant. As a result, the Department removed Middle Range 

Pond when the annual documented infestation list was developed in March 2012. 

In 2010, volunteers and paid inspectors conducted 72,428 courtesy boat inspections, 

surpassing the previous record high of 57,552 in 2009. Inspectors recorded at least 

281 “saves” in 2010, instances where an inspector found and removed a confirmed 

invasive aquatic plant from a boat before entering or after leaving the water. Maine’s 

statewide Courtesy Boat Inspection Program is managed by Lakes Environmental 

Association (LEA), a regional watershed protection organization based in Bridgton, 

under a contract with the Department. Training of boat Inspectors is done jointly by 

LEA and the statewide Maine Congress of Lake Associations. 

The Department offers annual grants to local groups coordinating boat inspection 

programs and removing invasive aquatic plants from lakes and ponds. The source of 

funding for these grants is revenue from the Lake and River Protection Sticker. The 

grant program is administered by LEA through the aforementioned contract. Cash and 
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in-kind match from local lake groups and municipalities exceeds the amount granted 

by the Department. 

The Department worked with the Maine Milfoil Initiative (MMI), a project spearheaded 

by a consortium of lakes groups and housed at St. Joseph’s College in Standish, 

Maine. After significant effort on the part of the lake groups, MMI formally began in 

2009 and received federal funds in 2010 to conduct research on and assist lake 

groups in the control of variable water milfoil. 

The diatom Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) still has not been documented in Maine 

as of December 2012. The Department and Maine Department of Inland Fisheries 

and Wildlife continue to coordinate on researching the risk of spread posed by felt 

waders and informing anglers how to reduce the risk of spreading the invasive diatom. 

ESTUARIES / COASTAL WATERS

Contact: Angela Brewer, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 592-2352 e-mail: Angela.D.Brewer@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/coastal/index.html 

Background 

Maine has three classes for the management of estuarine and marine waters: SA, SB, 

and SC. Classification assignments are based on the minimum level of quality 

intended for each waterbody. SA waters are outstanding natural resources that 

receive minimal human impact, and are managed for the highest water quality of the 

three classes. No direct discharges of pollutants, including those from finfish 

aquaculture, are allowed in SA waters. SB waters are general purpose waters that are 

managed to attain good quality water. Well-treated discharges of pollutants with 

ample dilution are allowed. SC waters are managed for the lowest water quality, but 

must be fishable and swimmable and maintain the structure and function of the 

biological community. Well-treated discharges of pollutants are allowed in SC waters. 

Each class is managed for designated uses and each has dissolved oxygen, bacteria 

and aquatic life standards (see Table 4-28 below). 

Table 4-28 Maine’s Estuarine and Marine Waters Classification Standards 

Class Designated Uses Dissolved 

Oxygen Bacteria Aquatic Life 

SA 

Recreation in and on the water 

Fishing 

Aquaculture (excludes finfish) 

Propagation and harvesting shellfish 

Navigation 

Habitat for fish and estuarine and 

marine life 

As naturally 

occurs 

As naturally occurs As naturally 

occurs 

SB 

Recreation in and on the water 

Fishing 

Aquaculture 

Propagation and harvesting shellfish 

Industrial process and cooling water 

supply 

Hydroelectric power generation 

Not less 

than 85% 

of 

saturation 

Enterococcus of human 

and domestic animal 

origin not higher than 

geometric mean of 

8/100ml or instantaneous 

level of 54/100ml from 

5/15 to 9/30 

Support all 

indigenous 

estuarine and 

marine 

species 

Discharge not 

to cause 
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Class Designated Uses Dissolved 

Oxygen Bacteria Aquatic Life 

Navigation 

Habitat for fish and estuarine and 

marine life 

May not exceed National 

Shellfish Sanitation 

Program criteria for 

shellfish harvesting 

closure of 

shellfish beds 

SC 

Recreation in and on the water 

Fishing 

Aquaculture 

Propagation and restricted shellfish 

harvesting 

Industrial process and cooling water 

supply 

Hydroelectric power generation 

Navigation 

Habitat for fish and estuarine and 

marine life 

Not less 

than 70% 

of 

saturation 

Enterococcus of human 

and domestic animal 

origin not higher than 

geometric mean of 

14/100ml or 

instantaneous level of 

94/100ml from 5/15 to 

9/30 

May not exceed National 

Shellfish Sanitation 

Program criteria for 

restricted shellfish 

harvesting 

Maintain 

structure and 

function of the 

resident 

biological 

community 

Support all 

indigenous 

fish species 

Maine law requires that once every three years, the Department review the 

classification system and related standards and make recommendations to the Board 

of Environmental Protection for any needed changes in the water quality classifications 

assigned to specific waterbodies. A major review of water quality standards and 

classifications was completed in 2009. The Department conducted statewide 

workshops and direct mail and telephone outreach to obtain public input and to solicit 

proposals for consideration to change the management classification assigned to 

specific waterbodies. The Board held hearings that resulted in recommendations to 

the Maine State Legislature for the upgrade, from Class SB to Class SA, of one marine 

waterbody (The Basin in Phippsburg). The current distribution of waters assigned to 

three marine water quality classes is summarized in Table 4-29: 

Table 4-29 Area and Percentage of Estuarine and Marine Waters in Each Classification 

Class Square Miles Percentage

SA 218 7.66 % 

SB 2,599 91.32 % 

SC 29 1.02 % 

Total 2,846 100.00 % 

This chapter provides an assessment of the degree to which water quality supports the 

designated uses defined by the State of Maine statutes for the protection of aquatic 

life. Designated uses in this chapter and in Chapter 7 (Public Health – Related 

Assessments) are divided into two broad use categories: protection of human health 

and protection of aquatic life. The protection of these uses will result in the protection 

of other uses (e.g. navigation, industrial process and cooling supply). Applicable 

monitoring results and attainment assessments are summarized within each of these 

two categories in this chapter as well as in Chapter 7. 
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Summary of Statewide Status 

This Integrated Assessment report requires the assignment of each assessment unit, 

by Department Waterbody ID and/or Department of Marine Resources (DMR) Area, 

into one of five categories (see Methodology). Specific segments of waterbodies are 

determined to be impaired if they do not, or are suspected to not, attain one or more of 

the uses assigned by their classification based on criteria for that classification. In the 

next two years, the Department will engage with DMR in revising the way that marine 

water quality and biological data are reported, including the development of 

assessment units (similar to what is used in the ADB for freshwaters) and digitization 

of units and listing segments for mapping. It is anticipated that new assessment units 

will be used in the 2014 reporting cycle and will make assessment and reporting more 

consistent and easier to track. 

An overall use attainment summary for 2012 is provided below and in Table 4-5. 

Category 1: The 2012 assessment assigns no estuarine or marine waters to Category 

1 because there were no waterbody segments that were monitored adequately to 

determine that all standards were being met. 

Category 2: The 2012 assessment assigns an additional 5.06 square miles of 

estuarine and marine waters to Category 2 (fully attaining*). The Category 2 listing 

change is due to the delisting of a segment of the Penobscot River estuary (Reeds 

Brook to Marsh River) from Category 3. This segment was delisted from a Category 5 

to Category 3 in 2010 due to reasonable doubt as to the presence of harvestable 

lobster within the upper estuary of the Penobscot River. This reasonable doubt was 

again supported in 2012 based on personal communications with DMR staff indicating 

that habitat and water quality characteristics in this segment are not favorable for 

lobster growth, and confirming that the DMR Lobster Management Zone does not 

extend as far upstream as the Marsh River outlet to the Penobscot River. For these 

two reasons, there is a low likelihood for tomalley consumption from lobster within this 

segment. Further updates to this section in terms of segment descriptions and sizes, 

DMR closure reasons, and notes will be updated for the 2014 reporting cycle once 

new assessment units have been assigned. 

Category 3: The 2012 assessment removes 5.06 square miles of the Penobscot River 

segment previously listed for lobster tomalley consumption (see Category 2 above). 

Note that the 2010 report incorrectly listed this segment as 0.4 square miles, when the 

segment size is now correctly calculated at 5.09 square miles. The 2012 Category 3 

listings are also amended based on the Category 5 listing of the 2010 Piscataqua 

River estuary (Kittery, Eliot, South Berwick) segment 812-1. 

Category 4: Category 4-A waterbody segments carried over from the 2010 report 

include the Piscataqua River estuary (dissolved oxygen impairment) and all marine 

segments listed for fecal contamination as covered by the 2009 Statewide Bacteria 

TMDL. Those Category 4-A waters that were formerly listed as Category 5-B-2 for 

bacteria due to Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) are listed separately. Eliminated 

from this CSO-affected list is the Rockland segment with Waterbody ID 722-40 based 

on the removal of a municipal discharge point at the Town Landing in the Fall of 2010. 

Due to this modification by the Wastewater Treatment Facility, Rockland is no longer 

considered a CSO community. Note that Enforcement Control dates and causes have 

been updated for all wastewater treatment facility’s listings. 
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Categories 4-B-1 and 4-C remain unchanged for estuarine and marine waters. Further 

updates to this section in terms of segment descriptions and sizes will be updated for 

the 2014 reporting cycle once new assessment units have been assigned. 

Category 5: The 2012 assessment assigns an additional 4.07 square miles to the 

Category 5-A listings based on Marine Life Use Support impairments within the 

Piscataqua River estuary (Eliot, Kittery) (1.91 square miles) and Portsmouth Harbor 

(south and west of Gerrish Island) (2.16 square miles). Both segments were listed in 

Category 3 in 2010 as part of one larger segment (Waterbody ID 812-1: Piscataqua R. 

Estuary, Kittery, Eliot, So. Berwick). The Piscataqua River Estuary and Portsmouth 

Harbor areas were moved to Category 5 for this reporting cycle as a result of 

additional available data and observations that indicate impairment based on a greater 

than 20% areal cover loss of eelgrass from 1996 to 2010, as documented by New 

Hampshire Department of Environmental Services aerial photography and 

groundtruthing surveys. Sufficient evidence exists for the Piscataqua River Estuary 

segment to attribute an impairment cause of nutrient/eutrophication biological 

indicators; however, the ‘cause unknown’ designation for the Portsmouth Harbor 

segment acknowledges that insufficient data exist to determine whether or not the 

marine life use is impaired due to pollutants. 

No waterbody segments are listed in Category 5-B for bacteria impairment since the 

approval of the 2009 Statewide Bacteria TMDL. For Category 5-D, this report does not 

list specific waterbody segments covered by the statewide lobster tomalley 

consumption advisory that is in place for all Maine estuarine and marine waters 

capable of supporting lobster due to presence of PCBs and dioxins. Category 5-D 

remains unchanged at 2,846 square miles for the 2012 report. The advisory is based 

on probability data that shellfish (lobster tomalley) inhabiting estuarine or marine 

waters may exceed the advisory action level for these substances. 

As with any assessment of this kind, the identification of impaired waters cannot be 

considered complete but rather is a reflection of the findings (to date) relative to the 

level of effort expended by the agency and other cooperating contributors. 

Causes and Sources of Impairment in Categories 4 and 5 

Cause and stress type information is provided in Table 4-14, while information on 

sources of impairment is provided in Table 4-19. Causes include impairments due to 

elevated bacterial counts (fecal contamination with Enterococcus as the indicator 

organism), low dissolved oxygen, elevated nutrients and/or biological indicators of 

eutrophication, or elevated toxics concentrations. These causes are presented below 

in greater detail. 

BACTERIA

The intent of the Maine Statewide Bacteria Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was to 

“support action to reduce public health risk from waterborne disease-causing 

organisms.” Non-pathogenic bacteria, including Enterococci in the marine 

environment, are used as indicator organisms for fecal pathogens in water. 

Waterborne pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) enter surface waters from a variety of 

sources, including human sewage and the feces of warm-blooded wildlife. These 

pathogens can pose a risk to human health due to gastrointestinal illness through 
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different exposure routes, including contact with and ingestion of recreational waters, 

ingestion of drinking water, and consumption of filter-feeding shellfish (clams, mussels, 

etc.). Additionally, the TMDL was intended to identify waterbody segments that were 

not meeting attainment of the designated uses of swimming and shellfishing based on 

associated water quality criteria. 

Improved management of bacterial sources of impairment that cause shellfish closures 

will result from implementation of the approved 2009 Statewide Bacteria TMDL. For 

the 2012 reporting cycle, bacterial contamination was the listed cause of impairment 

for approximately 159 square miles of estuarine waters (excluding those listed based 

on Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs). Bacterial contamination is currently 

monitored by the Department in selected urban streams, the Maine Healthy Beaches 

program on swimming beaches and occasionally in tidal waters influencing bacterial 

loads to recreational areas, and the Department of Marine Resources (DMR) to 

determine appropriate shellfish harvest closures (see also Chapter 7). All monitoring 

programs as well aid in the identification of fecal contamination from point and nonpoint sources as possible through local knowledge, Department permits, and applied 

techniques such as Microbial Source Tracking. 

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Eight waterbody segments are listed as impaired (six in Categories 4-A, 4-B-1 and 4-

C, and two in Category 5-A) due to lack of attainment of state dissolved oxygen 

standards. The reasons for non-attainment are varied and include loadings from point 

and non-point sources in waterbody segments with insufficient flow, factors such as 

benthic respiration (sediment oxygen demand), and restriction of water circulation 

caused by man-made structures. 

• The estuarine portion of the lower Salmon Falls/upper Piscataqua River has a 

completed TMDL; however, implementation in ME and NH is incomplete. The NH 

Department of Environmental Services continues to monitor a station within the 

tidal portion of the Salmon Falls, and has high resolution sonde data that indicate 

dissolved oxygen values consistently below ME state criteria (<85% saturation) 

from mid-July through mid-October 2009 and mid-July through mid-September 

2010. Note that some portion of the July through September 2010 data is not 

reliable given either a probe failure or suspect values. 

• The estuarine portions of the Ogunquit River, Goosefare Brook, Medomak River 

and St. George River are not known to have been monitored for dissolved oxygen 

since the 2010 reporting cycle, so no additional information on attainment is 

available since relocation of municipal point sources. 

• The upper New Meadows estuary and “Lake” do not meet dissolved oxygen 

standards due to the partial impoundment from the Old Route 1 (Bath Rd./State 

Rd.) causeway at the Brunswick-West Bath town line, and further restriction of flow 

from the causeway formed by the current Route 1. A modeling study (2007) and 

feasibility study (2006) have been conducted to better understand tidal restriction 

causes, determine solutions, and predict potential recovery, including dissolved 

oxygen impacts, with renewed tidal flow. There are currently no known plans to 

restore tidal flow upstream of the Old Route 1 causeway. 

• The draft Royal River Waste Load Allocation Study recommended delisting the 

estuary for dissolved oxygen due to potential natural causes. The estuary will 

remain in Category 5 due to uncertainty of the low dissolved oxygen cause(s). 
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• The draft Mousam River Waste Load Allocation Study indicated that the majority of 

oxygen loss is due to benthic respiration and circulation factors and that the 

Kennebunk treatment facility has only a very marginal effect. Suggested upgrades 

to the facility including biological treatment improvements have been completed 

and minimum summer DO limits for effluent have been established. However, no 

further data collection within the receiving water has occurred since the upgrades. 

Generally, data from various studies and volunteer monitoring programs show 

dissolved oxygen levels along the coast to be adequate to protect marine life. As 

presented in the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership’s 2010 State of the Bay report, the 

Friends of Casco Bay have determined that approximately 90% of all dissolved oxygen 

data from Casco Bay (7,600+ measurements from 1993-2008) indicate values above 

7.2 mg/L, with periodically lower values generally located in warmer estuarine waters 

such as Portland Harbor, Maquoit Bay, and the Royal, New Meadows, and 

Harraseeket Rivers. While some estuaries have dissolved oxygen levels that do not 

meet their classification criteria, the Department has concluded that some of these 

instances are a result of natural processes, such as in Harpswell Sound in the vicinity 

of the long-term water quality buoy owned by Bowdoin College and operated by the 

University of Maine. 

NUTRIENTS/EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS

In Maine between Kittery and Bar Harbor there is now evidence of nutrient enrichment. 

From Bar Harbor to Eastport, the principal source of nitrogen is from the Gulf of Maine, 

while the more developed areas of the Maine coastline along Penobscot Bay, Casco 

Bay and the southern bays through Kittery exhibit nitrogen predominantly from 

freshwater inflows, wastewater, and stormwater runoff, although groundwater nitrogen 

inputs may be more substantial in coastal areas with sandy soils. While nitrogen is 

consistently conveyed through water, atmospheric deposition can also provide a 

dominant nitrogen source in more rural areas of Maine. 

Typical biological indicators of nutrient enrichment in Maine’s marine waters include 

phytoplankton, macroalgae and eelgrass. While spring, summer and fall blooms of 

non-toxic phytoplankton (diatom and dinoflagellates) have been shown to coincide with 

water column nutrients, a 2010 report prepared for the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership 

concluded that based on 2006-2008 data, bloom intensity of the toxic red tide 

organism, Alexandrium fundyense, in Casco Bay did not correlate with anthropogenic, 

land-derived nutrient loading. Anthropogenic nitrogen has been shown to fuel growth 

of nuisance macroalgae, especially of the genus Ulva (formerly Enteromorpha). 

Proliferation of opportunistic macroalgae generally occurs when favorable 

temperature, irradiance and nutrient availability coincide. While nuisance macroalgal 

growth often occurs on protected shorelines with shallow slopes such as mudflats, 

excessive growth can also be observed along more exposed shorelines. Opportunistic 

macroalgal growth is a natural occurrence, although widespread blooms covering 

intertidal and shallow subtidal shorelines can smother organisms living in the sediment 

and result in production of toxic concentrations of hydrogen sulfide by bacteria. The 

DEP and Friends of Casco Bay are currently assessing the reliability of nuisance 

macroalgal blooms as indicators of nutrient pollution in Maine’s estuaries. 

The success of eelgrass populations is strongly influenced by light availability, which 

can be limited by the presence of epiphytic cover or when water column turbidity 

increases as a result of suspended organic material that feeds on excess nutrients. 
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The State of New Hampshire had listed the Piscataqua River Estuary (Lower 

Piscataqua River, NH Assessment Units NHEST600031001-02-01 and 

NHEST600031001-02-02) on its 2010 303(d) list for Aquatic Life impairment due to 

>20% loss of eelgrass. Since DEP’s 2010 Category 3 listing of the estuarine portion of 

the Piscataqua River and Portsmouth Harbor, the DEP has more completely assessed 

available eelgrass areal coverage and density data from the NH Department of 

Environmental Services (NHDES) and completed field surveys to observe and 

groundtruth eelgrass distribution and perceived impacts on the Maine portion of the 

lower Piscataqua River and Portsmouth Harbor. Based on these assessments, the 

DEP has divided the Piscataqua River and Portsmouth Harbor into two assessment 

units (Waterbody IDs 812-2 and 812-3) bounded on the west by the state line. The 

assessment unit division was determined as a result of relative influences of the River 

and Gulf of Maine waters, land use and shoreline development, and exposure to point 

and non-point source discharges. For the 2012 reporting cycle, the DEP determined 

that: 

• Eelgrass within the Piscataqua River segment has declined from 299.1 acres to 6.8 

acres (98% loss) from 1996 to 2010, and that sufficient data exist to assign a 

Category 5 listing for Marine Life Use Support impairment with cause of 

nutrient/eutrophication biological indicators. 

• The Portsmouth Harbor segment west of Gerrish Island has also demonstrated 

considerable eelgrass loss, with a 49% decrease in acreage from 1996 to 2010 

and a 62% decrease during the same time period when adjusted for decline in both 

areal coverage and plant density. While the DEP acknowledges the loss of 

eelgrass within this area and therefore the Category 5 listing, a ‘cause unknown’ 

designation has been assigned until further data collection (planned for summer 

2014) and analyses can be completed to investigate potential reasons for 

population decline. 

Future evaluations of nutrient data and impacts will be facilitated by development of 

state nitrogen criteria for Maine’s marine waters and more specifically for the 

Piscataqua River and Portsmouth Harbor, NHDES draft nitrogen criteria, and nutrient 

load reductions from licensed dischargers and non-point source contributors. 

TOXICS

The general category of toxics is by far the most widespread cause of impairment in 

marine waters in the State. The toxics subcategories of Polychlorinated Biphenyls 

(PCBs) and dioxins impaired all 2,846 square miles of marine waters that were 

assessed in 2012 due to the statewide lobster tomalley consumption advisory. 

Industrial point sources have historically been the largest contributing source category 

for dioxin. Some industrial loads that are treated through municipal point sources are 

additional sources although pretreatment is required in most cases. These industrial 

sources account for most of the shellfish (lobster tomalley) consumption listed waters 

where dioxins remain the primary contaminant. Due to changes in bleaching at the 

state’s bleached kraft pulp and paper mills, as of 2005 the mills were found to be no 

longer discharging measurable amounts of dioxin. As a result, concentrations in fish 

are declining, although elevated levels remain in fish in some estuarine portions of 

rivers due to historical discharges. 
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The removal of combined sewer overflows over the past several years has improved 

environmental quality in some of Maine’s harbors. However, many locations, for 

example Kittery, Portland, Boothbay Harbor, Rockland and Searsport, still have toxic 

pollution problems from past activities. These activities include papermaking, 

shipbuilding, energy production (e.g., gasworks), tanning, and metal working. Toxics 

derived from these industries include dioxin, pesticides such as DDT, metals, and 

PCBs. Landfills were also often located on the coast (e.g., Eastern Promenade in 

Portland) and continue to be sources of toxic pollutants. More recent elevations in 

toxic pollution, especially from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals 

(e.g., lead, copper, zinc), are related to increases in urban development and boat 

related activities. Direct untreated discharges through combined sewer overflows still 

deliver toxic pollutants and bacteria to Maine’s coastal waters during and after storms. 

Some toxic pollutants (e.g., PAHs, mercury) are deposited from the air. 

Surface Water Ambient Toxics (SWAT) Monitoring Program 

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/toxics/swat/index.htm

Please refer to the website for annual reports on this subject. 

Maine’s Surface Water Ambient Toxics (SWAT) monitoring program was established 

in 1993 (38 MRSA §420-B) to determine the nature, scope and severity of toxic 

contamination in the surface waters and fisheries of the State. The authorizing statute 

states that the program: 1) must comprehensively monitor the lakes, rivers and 

streams and marine and estuarine waters of the State on an ongoing basis, 2) must 

incorporate testing for suspected toxic contamination in biological tissue and sediment, 

3) may include testing of the water column, 4) must include biomonitoring and the 

monitoring of the health of individual organisms that may serve as indicators of toxic 

contamination, and 5) must collect data sufficient to support assessment of the risks to 

human and ecological health posed by the direct and indirect discharge of toxic 

contaminants. The marine portion of the SWAT program has utilized blue mussel, 

softshell clam, and American lobster tissue as indicators of toxic contamination likely to 

affect human and ecological health.

In 2009, blue mussel tissue from 16 sites along the Maine coast was analyzed for 

contaminants including metals, mercury, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides. Lead in mussel 

tissue exceeded National Status and Trends (NS&T) Musselwatch 85th percentile 

concentrations at five sites and mercury at 12 sites. PAHs exceeded national 85th 

percentile concentrations at two sites. One additional site in the Sheepscot River 

showed elevated concentrations of PAHs when alkylated PAHs were included in the 

analysis. PCB concentrations at two of eight sites exceeded the Gulf of Maine 85th 

percentile concentration, though no sites exceeded the national 85th percentile 

concentration. Organochlorinated pesticide concentrations in mussel tissue were 

generally low at Maine sites compared to national data. New sampling for 

organophosphate, triazine, pyrethroid, and organonitrogen pesticides revealed very 

low concentrations in mussels (non-detects) at all stations sampled. 
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In 2010, blue mussel tissue from three and softshell clam tissue from one coastal 

Maine sites were analyzed for contaminants including metals, mercury, PAHs, PCBs, 

and organochlorinated pesticides. Additionally, American lobster hepatopancreas and 

muscle tissues from 19 sites were analyzed for PAHs, coplanar PCBs, and dioxins and 

furans. Lead in mussel tissue exceeded the national 85th percentile concentration at 

two sites, both of which as well as clam tissue from one site exceeded the Maine 

Center for Disease Control’s (MCDC) fish tissue action level (FTAL) for lead in finfish. 

Mercury in mussel tissue exceeded the national 85th percentile concentration at all 

three sites. PAHs in mussel and clam tissues did not exceed the national 85th 

percentile and were not considered to be elevated. PCB concentrations in mussel 

tissue at one site exceeded the MCDC cancer FTAL, while clam tissue PCBs were 

below the MCDC cancer FTAL. Organochlorinated pesticide concentrations in mussel 

and clam tissue were low at Maine sites compared to national data, and pesticide 

levels were safely below MCDC FTAL values. Dioxin, furan, and coplanar PCB 

concentrations remain very high in lobster hepatopancreas (also known as tomalley), 

indicating the need to continue the MCDC advisory against consumption of lobster 

hepatopancreas. Concentrations of these contaminants in lobster muscle tissue 

remain very low in comparison to tomalley and to the MCDC FTAL, indicating lobster 

meat is still safe to eat. 

Gulfwatch Contaminants Monitoring Program 

Contact: Jim Stahlnecker, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment 

Tel: (207) 215-6954 email: James.Stahlnecker@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.gulfofmaine.org/gulfwatch/

In addition to the Surface Water Ambient Toxics (SWAT) program, the DEP 

participates in the Gulfwatch Contaminants Monitoring Program, a part of the Gulf of 

Maine Council on the Marine Environment. In addition to the Maine coastline, 

monitoring occurs across Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Brunswick and Nova 

Scotia, and utilizes the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, as an indicator for habitat exposure 

to contaminants. Mussel tissue samples are analyzed for heavy metals, mercury, 

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners, 

and organochlorinated pesticides. Contaminant accumulation in mussel tissue 

represents the biologically available proportion that is not always apparent from 

measurement of contaminants in other environmental matrices such as water, 

sediment, and suspended particles. Gulfwatch has sampled over 50 sites across the 

Gulf of Maine since 1991, including 13 regularly sampled sites on the Maine coast. 

Annual reporting includes analysis of spatial and temporal trends and identifies 

potential outliers in order to provide investigators and other interested persons with 

contemporary information concerning water quality in the Gulf of Maine, as reflected by 

uptake into resident shellfish. 

In 2009, blue mussel tissue was sampled from eight sites along the coast of Maine, 

and revealed mean or composite values in excess of the National Status and Trends 

(NS&T) Musselwatch 85th percentile concentrations for lead (3 sites) and mercury (5 

sites). No PAH, PCB or pesticide concentrations from any Maine site were higher than 

the NS&T 85th percentile, although the second and third highest values for total PAHs 

in the Gulf of Maine were from the Portland Harbor and Boothbay Harbor sites, and 

were determined to be primarily of pyrogenic origin. The third highest total PCB value 

from the Gulf of Maine was from Portland Harbor. The full data report can be viewed 
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at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/gulfwatch/data/files.php. A data report from 2010 

samples collected from six sites along the Maine coast is not yet available. 

BioDiversity Research Institute 

Contact: Wing Goodale, BioDiversity Research Institute, Deputy Director 

Tel: (207) 839-7600 email: wing_goodale@briloon.org

Related Website: http://www.briloon.org/ 

In 2009, the BioDiversity Research Institute expanded upon the 2007 and 2008 broadbased contaminant study on Maine birds funded in part by the Department’s SWAT 

program, by measuring both historical and emerging chemicals. Out of the 23 species 

studied in the first two years, osprey (Pandion haliaetus) foraging in Casco Bay were 

selected for additional study in 2009 because they act as bioindicators of the marine 

habitat. The compounds analyzed in ten eggs collected in Casco Bay in 2009 and 7 

eggs collected in 2007 were mercury (results pending), polychlorinated biphenyls 

(PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), 

organochlorine pesticides (OCs), decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) and 

perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Preliminary findings are: 

• PCBs, PBDEs, PFCs, and OCs were detected in all samples. 

• Deca-BDE was found in ten out of 12 eggs in Casco Bay, indicating that deca is 

bioaccumulating in wildlife. 

• PFOS level on Flag Island had the highest level detected in Maine wildlife - 75% of 

the eggs had PFOS levels above effects thresholds established for chickens. 

• Levels of PBDEs and PFCs tended to be higher in Casco Bay than mid-coast 

Maine. 

• The osprey samples did not show a specific spatial pattern, suggesting that within 

the marine ecosystem, contaminant levels may be dictated by point sources, 

watershed characteristics, and/or food web dynamics. 

• Like the 2007 and 2008 results, PCB, PBDE, PFC, and OC levels are positively 

correlated, indicating that birds with high levels of one compound tend to have 

higher levels of the others. PBDEs and PCBs have one of the strongest 

relationships. 

The full report can be obtained at: http://www.briloon.org/contaminants/. 

Ocean acidification 

Ocean acidification (OA) is a topic of mounting concern worldwide as a consequence 

of rising atmospheric CO2. For the 2008 and 2010 Integrated Report and again for this 

2012 report, the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD, San Francisco, CA) has 

requested that coastal states list their coastal waters as threatened or impaired, in 

Category 5, due to information that has been gathered indicating marine ecosystems 

may already be experiencing declines in ocean pH. As one of the conditions of a 

settlement agreement with the CBD, the USEPA issued a memorandum on November 

15, 2010, describing how states can move forward, where OA information exists, to 

address OA during the 2012 listing cycle using the current 303(d) Integrated Reporting 

framework. At the same time, this memorandum acknowledged that in the case of OA, 

information is largely absent or limited at this point in time to support the listing of 
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waters for OA in many states. The following EPA webpage includes a copy of the 

signed memorandum, “Integrated Reporting and Listing Decisions Related to Ocean 

Acidification”:http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/oa_memo_nov201

0.cfm. 

The Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) acknowledges that OA and 

its effects on pH and marine life have been documented in other areas of the world’s 

estuarine and coastal waters and may be of concern in Maine’s marine waters. While 

the DEP has not established a monitoring program specifically targeted at identifying 

OA and its effects on water quality criteria and designated uses, the DEP has been 

and continues to be in contact with environmental organizations and universities 

whose researchers are conducting focused studies on pH and effects on shellfisheries 

within Maine jurisdictional waters. 

Maine’s DEP reviewed the articles submitted by CBD and determined that none of 

them provided sufficient information demonstrating that Maine’s marine waters are 

failing to attain (or will not be in attainment by the next listing cycle) Maine’s water 

quality standards, including those for protection of pH, marine life use, and 

antidegradation. Waters are listed in Category 5 as threatened when there is an 

expectation that impairment of a designated use is anticipated in the next listing cycle. 

Maine marine waters are not expected to show impairment of water quality criteria 

(pH) or relevant designated uses (marine life use support) in that timeframe. 

Nevertheless, Maine agrees that OA may be a significant concern in the future. 

Water quality and designated uses 

Pursuant to the General Provisions of the Maine Revised Statutes (38 MRSA §464), 

the Department may not issue a water discharge license if “Discharge of pollutants to 

any water of the State that violates sections 465, 465-A and 465-B, except as provided 

in section 451;...causes the "pH" of estuarine and marine waters to fall outside of the 

7.0 to 8.5 range”. The DEP regularly monitors marine waters for multiple water quality 

parameters, including pH, in the vicinity of permitted discharges based on established 

DEP priorities for assessing receiving waterbodies for attainment of water quality 

criteria. The monitoring conducted by the DEP is most often intended to characterize 

ambient conditions. Monitoring efforts conducted to date by the DEP do not indicate 

failure to attain pH criteria in marine waters because data values fall within the 

allowable pH range. 

The CBD 2011 letter also indicates that Maine must list marine waters as threatened 

and impaired based on aquatic life threats and impairments caused by OA. The 

referenced designated use of aquatic life can be addressed by the Maine Revised 

Statute that states that classified marine waters “...must be of such quality that they 

are suitable for the designated uses of recreation in and on the water, fishing, 

aquaculture, propagation and harvesting of shellfish, industrial process and cooling 

water supply, hydroelectric power generation, navigation and as habitat for fish and 

other estuarine and marine life. The habitat must be characterized as unimpaired.” (38 

MRSA §465-B). 

Impacts of OA on marine life and habitat would be most likely manifested by acidic 

sediments and bottom waters, and reduced success of shellfish recruitment and shell 

formation. As the regulatory agency of commercially-harvested species, shellfish and 

relevant habitat are mostly monitored by the Maine Department of Marine Resources 
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(DMR), but also by municipal shellfish wardens and as part of pilot and laboratory 

studies being coordinated by the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership and St. Joseph’s 

College, respectively. No supporting data were submitted to the DEP as part of the 

303(d) assessment process, and therefore, were not readily available for preparation 

of the 303(d) list. Further, studies referenced in the CBD letter generally pertain to 

1) trends in global carbon emissions, 2) oceanic impacts (pH, carbonate chemistry, 

calcification in pelagic organisms) of elevated atmospheric CO2, or 3) lowered pH, 

salinity and temperature interactions and extrapolated impacts on shellfish of varying 

species and life stages. None of these references directly relate to the condition of 

Maine’s waters due to the global location, spatial scale of comparison and/or the 

applicability of laboratory experimental results. As such, no demonstrated impairments 

to pH, marine life or habitat have been documented based on the contents of the CBD 

letter to support a threatened or impaired listing. 

More specifically, the CBD letter states that coastal estuaries and temperate nearshore 

ecosystems are especially susceptible to changes in pH, and that calcifying organisms 

in particular are already threatened in Maine’s coastal waters by OA. Casco Bay was 

identified by the CBD as being especially vulnerable to OA. Of all articles submitted by 

the CBD, Waldbusser et al. (2010) was flagged as having potential information 

relevant to Maine’s marine waters; however, it was determined that the article’s 

contents were insufficient to make a listing determination (see “State Assessment” 

below). 

Summary of Waldbusser et al. (2010): 

Waldbusser et al. (2010) assessed linear regressions of Chesapeake Bay water 

temperature, salinity, and pH data, grouped into mesohaline and polyhaline sites, from 

April-September of 1985-2008. Shell calcification rates were then measured on 

cultured eastern oysters in a factorial experiment with differing temperature, salinity 

and pH treatments to determine Total Alkalinity (TA) change over time as a measure of 

calcification rate. From historical data analyses, the authors observed a significant 

seasonal decline in average daytime pH within polyhaline (>18 ppt) surface waters, but 

not in mesohaline (5-18 ppt) surface waters. From the laboratory experiment, 

significant interactions of pH with salinity or temperature were determined, and 

calcification rates decreased steadily with decreasing pH under the lower salinity (16 

ppt) and lower temperature (20°C) treatments (Waldb usser et al. 2010). Waldbusser 

et al. (2010) state that “the importance of pH versus saturation state versus pCO2 on 

calcification will likely vary with species, life stage, mode of calcification, and the 

degree of departure from what are currently poorly quantified thresholds to changes in 

carbonate variables.” 

State Assessment: 

Physical conditions in the Chesapeake Bay differ from those in Maine marine waters. 

In the Maine intertidal and shallow subtidal environment, shellfish are subject to wider 

swings in temperature and salinity based on exposure to solar radiation and the 

relative influences of freshwater inputs from rivers and streams, surface conveyance 

and groundwater flow, and more saline water from flood tides and eddies from offshore 

currents. The lowered calcification rates of eastern oyster shells measured in the 

laboratory by Waldbusser et al. (2010) as a result of lower pH, polyhaline and higher 
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water temperature conditions, do not provide sufficient cause and effect for shellfish 

impacts of OA in Maine’s marine waters. 

Antidegradation 

Maine’s antidegradation policy states that “Existing in-stream water uses and the level 

of water quality necessary to protect those existing uses must be maintained and 

protected.” (38 MRSA §464). Based on CBD’s letter, it is not clear which waters are 

the focus of the antidegradation concerns and therefore existing uses and necessary 

water quality cannot be appropriately assessed. Further, the CBD letter does not 

indicate which components of the antidegradation policy are not in compliance with 

Maine’s water quality standards. Nevertheless, the water quality data the DEP has in 

its possession do not suggest that existing uses in Maine’s marine waters are not 

being met. 
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CHAPTER 5 WETLANDS

Contact: Jeanne DiFranco, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 699-8345 email: Jeanne.L.DiFranco@maine.gov

Related Websites: www.maine.gov/dep/water/wetlands/ and

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/biomonitoring/index.html 

BACKGROUND

Federal Regulation 

EPA Contact: Beth Alafat, EPA Region I, Office of Ecosystem Protection 

Tel: (617) email: alafat.beth@epa.gov

Related Website: (EPA) http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/

ACE Contact: Ruth Ladd, ACE New England Region, Regulatory Division 

Tel: (978) 318-8818 email: ruth.m.ladd@usace.army.mil

Related Website: (ACE) http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/wetlands/ and 

http://www.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorks/RegulatoryProgramandPermits.aspx

Lead Agencies: EPA Region I and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) – Maine 

Project Office 

The Clean Water Act provides for wetland protection and regulation through a number 

of federal programs, most of which are administered by EPA. The Section 404 

regulatory program is jointly administered by EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers. Key elements of the federal wetland protection framework are described in 

more detail in the Chapter 5 of Maine’s 2006 Water Quality Assessment. 

Wetlands Regulatory Program in Maine’s Organized Towns 

Contact: Mark Bergeron, DEP BLWQ, Division of Land Resource Regulation (DLRR) 

Tel: (207) 215-4397 email: Mark.Bergeron@maine.gov

Related Website: (NRPA) http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/nrpa/ 

Maine DEP regulates wetland alterations in the organized townships under the Natural 

Resources Protection Act 38 M.R.S.A., Section 480-A et seq. (NRPA) and Chapter 

310 Wetlands and Waterbodies Protection Rules. Additional information on the DEP 

wetlands regulatory program is available at the above web site. 

Natural Resources Regulatory Update 

 A number of changes were made to the Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA) 

that may affect how wetlands are regulated. Under maintenance dredging, an 

applicant may submit with his or her application an update of an earlier analysis of 

alternatives if it was completed within the last 10 years, and a permit for maintenance 

dredging may be renewed with a permit by rule if the proposed area was dredged 

within the last 10 years and the amount of material dredged does not exceed the 

amount in the individual permit. The existing maintenance and repair of structures 

exemption in NRPA was separated in a new section on the maintenance, repair and 

replacement of a stream crossing. A permit is not required for the repair, maintenance 
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or replacement of an existing crossing and related construction activities provided 

certain conditions are met, including using open-bottom culvert or embedding closed 

culverts into the stream substrate, adding riprap on side slopes or culvert ends, and 

removing debris and blockages within the crossing structure and at its inlet and outlet. 

The storage of lobster traps and related fishing equipment on a pier was added as an 

exemption in NRPA. 

For vernal pools, a landowner will not be subject to regulation if the vernal pool is not 

on the property or under the control of the landowner. If only a portion of the vernal 

pool is on the property of the landowner and a landowner does not have permission to 

access the abutting property, only that portion of the vernal pool that is on the 

landowner’s property may be counted for purposes of determining significance. A 

Department determination that a vernal pool is not significant remains valid regardless 

of timeframe. Additionally, an artificial vernal pool created in connection with a 

compensation project is exempt. 

The Maine Legislature directed the Department to include provisions for activities 

within high or moderate value Inland Wading Bird and Waterfowl habitat to be eligible 

for Permit by Rule. These changes were enacted in 2012. 

Wetlands Regulatory Program in Unorganized Territories 

Contact: Marcia Spencer-Famous, Senior Planner, DAFC, Land Use Planning 

Commission 

Tel: (207) 287-4933 email: Marcia.Spencer-Famous@maine.gov

The Maine Land Use Planning Commission (LUPC) uses a land use planning 

approach to regulate wetlands in unorganized portions of the State, in accordance with 

the provisions of Title 12, Sections 681-689 (Use Regulation) and Chapter 10 of LURC 

rules (Land Use Districts and Standards). Details about LUPC’s wetlands regulatory 

program may be found in Chapter 5 of Maine’s 2006 Water Quality Assessment, or by 

contacting Marcia Spencer-Famous. 

DEVELOPMENT OF WETLAND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

Contact: Jeanne DiFranco, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 699-8345 email: Jeanne.L.DiFranco@maine.gov

Related Websites: (EPA) 

(Wetland Water Quality) www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/regs/quality.html

(General Water Quality Standards) www.epa.gov/ost/standards/

Maine’s Water Classification Program: 

In Maine, wetlands are included in the definition of “Waters of the State” contained in 

the Protection and Improvement of Waters Act, 38 M.R.S.A. Section 361-A, and are 

further defined as either “fresh surface waters” or “estuarine and marine waters”. As 

waters of the State, wetlands are subject to all pertinent provisions of the Maine Water 

Classification Program statute (38 M.R.S.A. Section 464 et al.) including designated 

uses, narrative biological criteria and the State’s anti-degradation policy. Wetlands 

that are part of great ponds or natural lakes and ponds less than 10 acres in size are 

considered GPA waters. All freshwater wetlands not classified as GPA waters are 

classified under Sections 467 and 468 (Classification of Major River Basins and 
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Classification of Minor Drainages) according to the drainage basin in which they occur 

and the classification of associated water bodies. Where not otherwise specified, 

wetlands assume the default classifications listed for tributaries, since virtually all 

wetlands in the State drain to other water bodies via surface and/or ground water. 

Coastal wetlands are classified according to the provisions of 38 M.R.S.A. Section 469 

(Classification of Estuarine and Marine Waters). 

Narrative Aquatic Life Use Criteria: 

The following is a summary of pertinent narrative aquatic life criteria: 

Class GPA waters, including wetlands associated with great ponds and natural ponds 

and lakes less than 10 acres in size: 

Habitat for fish and aquatic life must be characterized as natural. Must have stable 

or decreasing trophic state, subject to natural fluctuations, and be free of culturally 

induced algal blooms which impair use and enjoyment. 

Fresh surface waters not classified GPA, including wetlands associated with rivers and 

streams: 

Class AA: Habitat for fish and aquatic life must be characterized as free-flowing 

and natural. Aquatic life shall be as naturally occurs. 

Class A: Habitat for fish and aquatic life must be characterized as natural. Aquatic 

life shall be as naturally occurs. 

Class B: Habitat for fish and aquatic life must be characterized as unimpaired. 

Must support all indigenous aquatic species without detrimental changes in the 

resident biological community. 

Class C: Some changes to aquatic life allowed. Must support all indigenous fish 

species. Structure and function of the resident biological community must be 

maintained. 

Wetland Numeric Biocriteria Development 

The DEP Biological Monitoring Program assesses the condition of rivers, streams and 

freshwater wetlands by evaluating resident aquatic macroinvertebrate and algal 

communities. River and stream biomonitoring data have been used for many years to 

inform a variety of resource management activities and regulatory programs, 

supported by the development of numeric biological criteria based on sound statistical 

modeling. In recent years, requests to the Biomonitoring Program for assessments of 

wetland water quality and ecological condition have significantly increased. In 

response, DEP biologists have developed a draft linear discriminant model (LDM) to 

assess freshwater wetland macroinvertebrate communities by predicting attainment of 

tiered aquatic life use criteria described in Maine’s water quality standards. Sites 

included in the LDM are typically lacustrine and riverine fringe wetlands having 
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emergent and/or aquatic bed vegetation. DEP also developed macroinvertebrate 

inference models for selected environmental stressors, individual taxa tolerance 

values, and a community level invertebrate tolerance index. 

Although Maine has narrative biological criteria for all surface waters including 

wetlands, DEP biologists rely on expert judgment to interpret the criteria for wetlands. 

When implemented, the LDM will serve as the basis for wetland-specific numeric 

criteria, and will greatly enhance the ability of the Biomonitoring Program to provide 

data users with consistent, standardized assessments of wetland condition and 

impacts from human activities. Numeric biological criteria will help DEP to fully 

integrate wetlands into its water quality monitoring and assessment program and fulfill 

federal requirements for wetland monitoring, assessment and water quality standards 

under the Clean Water Act. 

To date, DEP has focused on biocriteria development for wetland macroinvertebrates, 

and needs to build assessment capability for additional biological assemblages. The 

use of multiple biological indicators including macroinvertebrates, algae and plant 

communities will provide important tools to supplement current assessment methods. 

These additional tools will enable DEP to evaluate impacts from a wider array of 

environmental stressors, and will allow the Biomonitoring Program to conduct 

monitoring and assessment on more types of wetlands. The Biomonitoring program 

has a substantial amount of existing wetland algae data which will be analyzed over 

the next two years to develop biological metrics so these data may be used to assess 

wetland condition. DEP also plans to explore options to incorporate vegetative 

indicators into its wetland monitoring and assessment program. This may include 

application of the Floristic Quality Assessment Index developed through the New 

England Biological Assessment of Wetlands Workgroup (NEBAWWG). 

INTEGRITY OF WETLAND RESOURCES

Contact: Jeanne DiFranco, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 699-8345 email: Jeanne.L.DiFranco@maine.gov

Related Website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/biomonitoring/index.html

Wetland Biological Monitoring and Assessment 

Wetland biological monitoring and assessment are performed by DEP’s Biological 

Monitoring Program in the Division of Environmental Assessment. Wetland 

biomonitoring is coordinated with the State’s river and stream biomonitoring program 

using a 5-year rotating basin schedule. DEP conducts sampling for aquatic 

macroinvertebrates, epiphytic algae and phytoplankton. Associated physical and 

chemical data are obtained through field measurements and analysis of water 

samples. Habitat descriptions, Cowardin classification, hydrogeomorphic setting, 

substrate, and dominant plant species/community type are also documented. In 

addition, the DEP Biomonitoring Program uses a Human Disturbance Score as part of 

a rapid assessment of environmental stressors. This information is used to 

characterize relative levels of human disturbance, identify sources and causes of 

degradation, and verify that candidate reference wetlands are actually minimallydisturbed. Currently, annual monitoring is focused primarily on emergent and aquatic 
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bed wetland habitat, including freshwater lacustrine and riverine fringe wetlands. 

Additional wetland types may be monitored in the future as resources allow. 

Wetland Monitoring and Assessment Activities for 2010 and 2011 

In 2010, DEP conducted biological monitoring and assessment of 25 wetland sites, 

focusing on southern Maine basins including the Presumpscot and Saco River 

watersheds. DEP also conducted wetland monitoring in Baxter State Park as part of 

an initiative to obtain baseline condition assessments of the park’s aquatic resources. 

Biological monitoring in 2011 was focused in the Penobscot River basin and included 

19 wetland sites. 

The DEP Biological Monitoring Program also participated in EPA’s National Wetland 

Condition Assessment (NWCA) during the summer of 2011. The NWCA is a 

probability-based survey designed to produce regional and national estimates of 

wetland ecological integrity and rank common environmental stressors causing 

wetland degradation. DEP served as Maine’s coordinating agency for the NWCA, and 

partnered with the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Maine Natural 

Areas Program to intensively sample 14 sites across the State. DEP biologists were 

actively involved in development and review of the NWCA study design and field 

protocols, and will continue to provide input during the data analysis and assessment 

phase of the project through participation in EPA’s National Wetlands Monitoring and 

Assessment Work Group. Additional information about the NWCA may be found at 

http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/assessment/survey/index.cfm. 

Summary of Wetland Aquatic Life Use Attainment 

Aquatic life use attainment decisions for wetlands included in the 2012 Integrated 

Report are based on expert judgment of DEP biologists using statutory narrative 

aquatic life use criteria described above as guidance. DEP biologists examined 

macroinvertebrate data for each wetland site sampled to evaluate structure and 

function of the resident biological community, and assigned an attained water quality 

class by consensus. For Category 3-5 wetlands that are located in a river/stream or 

lake/pond (e.g. a wetland that occurs in a slow-flowing section of a stream), any 

impairments, for example to the fish consumption use, that are listed for the related 

river/stream or lake/pond assessment unit (AU) are also assigned to the wetland AU. 

For Category 3-5 wetlands that are not located in a river/stream or lake/pond, DEP 

biologists will decide on a case-by-case basis whether any other impairments should 

be carried over or not. 

EPA requires that each assessment unit is placed into one of five categories (Section 

4-1, Assessment Methodology). A summary of wetland attainment status follows, and 

also appears in Table 4-5. Information on the status of individual wetland assessment 

units may be found in Appendix IV: Maine Wetlands Assessment. 

Category 1: Wetlands attaining all designated uses and water quality standards, 

and no use is threatened. No wetland segments are assigned to Category 1 since 

present assessment only addresses attainment of aquatic life use. Other designated 
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uses were not evaluated and the DEP is still considering appropriate criteria and 

methods. 

Category 2: Wetlands attaining some of the designated use(s), no use is 

threatened, and insufficient data or no data and information is available to 

determine if the remaining uses are attained or threatened (with presumption 

that all uses are attained). DEP determined with high confidence that these waters 

attain their assigned aquatic life use based on aquatic macroinvertebrates. In 

addition, a review of other available data including physical/chemical attributes, fieldbased stressor information and spatial data do not indicate potential causes of 

impairment. Category 2 contains 78 wetland assessment units. 

Category 3: Wetlands with insufficient data and information to determine if 

designated uses are attained (with presumption that one or more uses may be 

impaired). There are 11 wetland assessment units totaling 966 acres listed in 

Category 3. Wetlands assigned to this category have conflicting or insufficient 

available data to determine attainment status with relative certainty. For the sites 

listed, there is significant evidence of human stressors, with the presumed likelihood 

they are causing impairment of one or more uses. One of the assessment units listed 

in Category 3 (125 acres) is also listed in Category 5D for legacy DDT sources. 

Category 4: Wetlands impaired or threatened for one or more designated uses, 

but do not require development of a TMDL. Five wetland assessment units totaling 

51 acres are listed in Category 4A for aquatic life uses (TMDL Completed). All of 

these are covered under the statewide % Impervious Cover TMDL. Two additional 

wetland assessment units totaling 218 acres are listed in category 4B (Expected to 

Attain Standards). These sites do not currently attain their aquatic life uses based on 

an evaluation of the aquatic life standards ascribed to their assigned classification (38 

MRSA §465), but pollution control requirements are expected to result in attainment 

once implemented. One of these 4B wetland assessment units (212 acres) is located 

downstream of a former Superfund site and is also listed in Category 4B for benzene 

and in Category 5D for legacy PCBs and dioxin. The other 4B wetland assessment 

unit (6 acres) has court-ordered controls in place.

Category 5: Wetlands that are impaired or threatened for one or more 

designated uses by a pollutant(s), TMDL development is required. Two wetland 

assessment units totaling 4.5 acres are listed in Category 5A (TMDL Required). 

These sites do not currently attain aquatic life uses based on an evaluation of the 

aquatic life standards ascribed to their assigned classification (38 MRSA §465), and 

there are no pollution control requirements in place that are expected to result in 

attainment. Two additional wetland assessment units totaling 337 acres are listed in 

Category 5D (Impaired by Legacy Pollutants). Of these, one assessment unit (212 

acres) is listed for both dioxin and PCBs, and is also listed in category 4B for wetland 

benthic macroinvertebrate bioassessments and benzene. The other 5D assessment 

unit (125 acres) is listed for DDT, and is also listed in Category 3 for wetland benthic 

macroinvertebrate bioassessments. 

EXTENT OF WETLAND RESOURCES

Wetland Loss Tracking in Maine’s Organized Towns 

Contact: Mike Mullen, DEP BLWQ, Division of Land Resource Regulation (DLRR) 

Tel: (207) 446-1611 email: Mike.Mullen@maine.gov
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Maine DEP tracks permitted wetland losses and mitigation in the organized townships 

through an application tracking system. When applications for any wetland alterations 

are logged in, the amount of fill or area to be altered is also entered by wetland type 

and geographical location. This system enables the Department to monitor and report 

on annual wetland losses. Wetland mitigation and DEP permitted impacts for 2010 

and 2011 are summarized in Tables 5-1 and 5-2 below. 

Table 5-2 Wetland Mitigation Totals in the Organized Townships 

Source: Maine DEP Wetland Loss Tracking System 

Area of Mitigation (Acres) – 2010 (1/1/2010-12/31/2010) 

Wetland Type In Lieu 

Fee* 

Creation Enhancement Preservation Restoration Total

Forested X 0 0 21.2 5.45 26.65

Other/Mixed X, X 0 11.64 844.74 0 856.38

Emergent 0 0 2.0 2.18 4.18

Scrub-shrub 0 0 4.0 0.83 4.83

Vernal Pool 0 0 0 0 0

Open water 0 0 0 0 0

Riverine 0 0 0 0 0

Wet Meadow 0 0 0 0 0

Upland 0 0 0 0 0

Intertidal 

(vegetated) 

 0 0 0 0 0

Intertidal (other) X, X 0 0 0 0 0

Intertidal (mudflat) 0 0 0.02 0 0.02

Subtidal (other) 0 0 0 0 0

Total 0 11.64 871.96 8.46 892.06

*An “X” in this column indicates that an in lieu fee (ILF) payment was received for an impact to that type of wetland. Each 

“X” indicates a separate ILF payment. For example, in 2010 there was one ILF payment for forested wetland impact. 

Table 5-1 (continued). Wetland Mitigation Totals in the Organized Townships. 

Area of Mitigation (Acres) – 2011 (1/1/2011-12/31/2011) 

Wetland Type In Lieu 

Fee* 

Creation Enhancement Preservation Restoration Total

Forested X,X,X,

X 

0 0 68.34 0.20 68.54

Other/Mixed X,X 0 0 16.78 0 16.78

Emergent X 0 0 11.82 0 11.82

Scrub-shrub 0 3.65 10.98 0 14.63

Vernal pool X 0 0 0 0 0

Open water 0 0 0 0 0

Riverine 0 0 0 0 0

Wet Meadow X 0 0 0 0 0

Upland 0 0 24.9 0 24.9

Intertidal (other) 0 0 0 0 0

Subtidal (other) 0 0 0 0 0

Total 9 0 3.65 132.82 0.2 136.67

*An “X” in this column indicates that an in lieu fee (ILF) payment was received for an impact to that type of wetland. Each 

“X” indicates a separate ILF payment. For example, in 2011 there were four ILF payments for forested wetland impact. 
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Table 5-2 Permitted Wetland Impact Totals in the Organized Townships 

Source: Maine DEP Wetland Loss Tracking System

Area Impacted (Acres) – 2010 (1/1/2010-12/31/2010) 

Wetland 

Type 

Cranberry 

permit 

Full NRPA 

permit Tier I Tier II Total 

Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered

Emergent 0 0 0.23 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.96 0.00 1.21 0.01

Forested 0 0 6.11 6.05 6.11 2.97 0.76 1.91 12.98 10.93

Great Pond X X 0.00 0.02 X X X X 0.00 0.02

Intertidal 

(mudflat) 

X X 0.41 0.35 X X X X 0.41 0.35

Intertidal 

(other) 

X X 0.39 1.14 X X X X 0.39 1.14

Intertidal 

(vegetated) 

X X 0.08 0.02 X X X X 0.08 0.02

Open Water 0 0 0.00 4.4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.40

Other/Mixed 0 0 88.77 39.83 3.00 3.56 2.35 1.03 94.12 44.42

Peatland 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Riverine X X 0.32 0.02 X X X X 0.32 0.02

Scrub-shrub 0 0 0.22 0.58 2.20 0.19 0.00 0.00 2.42 0.77

Subtidal 

(aquatic bed) 

X X 0.00 0.00 X X X X 0.00 0.00

Subtidal 

(other) 

X X 0.01 0.00 X X X X 0.01 0.00

Wet Meadow 0 0 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.25

Upland 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0 0 96.54 52.42 12.94 6.97 4.07 2.94 113.6 62.33

X = Tier review not available for projects located in these resources 

Table 5-2 (continued). Permitted Wetland Impacts in the Organized Townships. 

Area Impacted (Acres) – 2011 (1/1/2011-12/31/2011) 

Wetland 

Type 

Cranberry 

permit 

Full NRPA 

permit Tier I Tier II Total 

Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered Filled Altered

Emergent 0 0 0.04 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.32 0.00 0.51 0.24

Forested 0 0 0.60 5.33 4.57 0.77 2.07 0.09 7.24 6.19

Great Pond X X 0.04 0.49 X X X X 0.04 0.49

Intertidal 

(mudflat) 

X X 0.04 0.25 X X X X 0.04 0.25

Intertidal 

(other) 

X X 0.22 0.92 X X X X 0.22 0.92

Intertidal 

(vegetated) 

X X 0.00 0.19 X X X X 0.00 0.19

Open Water 0 0 0.05 0.00 X X X X 0.05 0.00

Other/Mixed 0 0 1.91 0.10 1.53 0.15 0.00 0.00 3.44 0.25

Peatland 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Riverine X X 0.06 6.07 X X X X 0.06 6.07

Scrub-shrub 0 0 0.30 0.84 0.60 0.36 0.62 0.00 1.52 1.2

Subtidal 

(aquatic bed) 

X X 0.00 0.00 X X X X 0.00 0.00

Subtidal 

(other) 

X X 0.43 0.34 X X X X 0.43 0.34

Wet Meadow 0 0 2.06 0.00 0.66 0.07 0.00 0.00 2.72 0.07

Upland 0 0 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Total 0 0 5.76 14.64 7.51 1.48 3.01 0.09 16.28 16.21

X = Tier review not available for projects located in these resources
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CHAPTER 6 GROUNDWATER MONITORING & ASSESSMENTS

Contact: Marianne DuBois, DEP BLWQ, Division of Watershed Management (DWM) 

Tel: (207) 485-1402 email: marianne.s.dubois@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/groundwater/index.html

OVERVIEW

Maine's groundwater may be threatened by contamination, particularly in unforested 

areas, which comprise approximately 11% of the State. Important sources of 

groundwater contamination in Maine include disposal activities such as landfills and 

septic systems, leaking storage facilities, agriculture, and sites contaminated with 

spilled hazardous materials or by previously unregulated activities. 

Generally, the groundwater supply in Maine is adequate. The total withdrawal of 

groundwater by all water users is less than one percent of the annual groundwater 

recharge each year. The remaining annual groundwater recharge is lost through 

evapotranspiration or discharges to ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Seasonal 

variations in water tables can lead to local ground water shortages. The Maine 

Drought Task Force (convened by the Maine Emergency Management Agency) 

publishes information on Maine groundwater and surface water levels at the following 

website: http://www.state.me.us/rfac/

Groundwater is withdrawn from three basic types of aquifers in Maine: unconsolidated 

glaciofluvial deposits (stratified drift or sand and gravel aquifers), till, and fractured 

bedrock. The stratified drift deposits are the most favorable for development of largevolume water supply wells, but these deposits are limited in size and distribution (less 

than about 10% of the state). Discontinuous bedrock aquifers underlie the entire state 

and are used for domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural purposes, and for 

small public supplies such as schools, restaurants, and summer camps. Wells in till do 

not generally yield large quantities of water and are most often used for individual 

domestic water supplies. 

Background 

The protection of Maine groundwater is an issue of concern at all levels of 

government. Serious groundwater pollution problems that have occurred throughout 

the State and elsewhere have heightened the need for protecting groundwater 

supplies. A few municipalities and regional planning agencies have conducted 

groundwater quality assessment studies, but programs for comprehensive assessment 

of the quality of groundwater resources are needed. Maine's groundwater protection 

programs emphasize three areas of effort: 

1. State interagency coordination of groundwater programs; 

2. Assessment of groundwater protection problems, including enhancement of the 

Environmental and Geographic Analysis Database (EGAD); and 

3. Statutory changes and building upon implemented state groundwater protection 

programs to increase groundwater protection and risk reduction. 

Please refer to page 124 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for a table of State groundwater protection programs (Table 6-1). 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf
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ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY

In Maine, groundwater is classified by its suitability for drinking water purposes. Under 

the Maine Water Classification Program, groundwater is classified as either potable 

(GW-A) or unpotable (GW-B). Water is unpotable when the concentrations of 

chemical compounds detected exceed either the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) 

or the Maximum Exposure Guidelines (MEG) as defined in the Rules Relating to 

Drinking Water administered by the Maine Department of Health and Human Services 

(DHHS). Although there are many localities where groundwater is unpotable and 

highly contaminated, no groundwater is currently classified GW-B. The state is not 

currently attempting to designate non-attainment areas. 

Aquifer Risk Assessment 

Contact: John Hopeck, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-4463 email: john.t.hopeck@maine.gov

The state is actively assessing ways to use existing groundwater data and spatial data 

to evaluate relative risk to existing and potential water supplies. The cumulative impact 

of residential, commercial, and industrial development on 300 of the significant sand 

and gravel aquifers mapped by the Maine Geological Survey is being evaluated 

through the Aquifer Quantitative Use Assessment, or AQUA, Index. Non-point source 

risks due to population and travel corridors are treated as a function of the area of 

impervious surface in the aquifer polygon; road density is also used as a surrogate for 

population density and a range of associated possible non-point discharges. The 

remaining acreage was divided by a factor based on the presence and relative risk of 

petroleum tanks (underground/aboveground storage tanks (USTs or ASTs)), former 

tank locations (i.e. possible legacy of contamination) and potential or actual sources of 

contamination to groundwater (as derived from Environmental Geographic Analysis 

Database (EGAD) Site Data). The sum of these values is divided by the total acreage 

of the aquifer to give the dimensionless AQUA index, which can also be expressed as 

a percent. An AQUA index of 1 or 100% means no impact. In general, larger overall 

acreage in combination with remoteness or other limits on development results in a 

higher AQUA index. This index may be used to assess the relative risk to future or 

present municipal, private, or commercial drinking water uses and to identify those 

aquifers most at risk from commercial/industrial development or residential pressures. 

Overall, 77 high yield aquifer locations (26%) are non-impacted (4,881 acres or 16% 

of total acres), 145 (48%) are less than 50% impacted (8,540 acres or 29% of total 

acres), and 78 (26%) are more than 50% impacted (13,325 acres or 55% of total 

acres (29,746). Of the non-impacted high yield sand and gravel aquifers, 18% have 

public water supply wells. Of the aquifers with AQUA values between 1.0 and 0.5, 

28% have public water supply wells, while of those with AQUA values less than 0.5, 

38% have public water supply wells. 

Additional work on risk assessment includes analysis of the effect of road salt on 

residential well water quality in seventy-seven areas spatially distributed throughout 

Maine. This work confirms the dependence of chloride concentration on slope and 

distance from road indicated by previous Department studies, and includes additional 
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115 

factors in the analysis, such as slope direction, simplified hydrologic soil groupings, 

surficial geology, and bedrock geology. Chloride-concentration data were obtained 

from pre-construction well sampling conducted by Maine DOT from 2003 through 

2008; the analysis removes outliers from this data set and develops a risk model using 

data from 968 wells. The set of all normalized data shows a distribution pattern of 

chloride concentrations with distance from the road centerline, with highest 

concentrations occurring on the downslope side but within 75 feet of the centerline of 

the road. Preliminary results suggest that the distribution of chloride concentrations 

with distance from the road centerline at any study site falls under an envelope curve 

that is a form of the normal distribution, with the parameters controlling the shape of 

the curve controlled by local variables, such as slope, fracture orientation, and 

dominant hydrologic soil groups. Work to test and refine this model is ongoing. 

Aquifer Characterization Activities 

Contact: Tom Weddle, DOC BGNA, Maine Geological Survey, Applied Geology 

Division Director, Hydrogeology Section 

Tel: (207) 287-2801 email: thomas.k.weddle@maine.gov 

Related Websites: 

Aquifer Fact Sheet www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/water/facts/aquifer.htm

Aquifer Mapping: http://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/water/facts/jun01.htm 

The Maine Geological Survey (MGS) is at the "average characteristics" stage in 

characterizing the physical and chemical attributes of the State's stratified drift 

aquifers. While site specific data do exist for some aquifers (primarily in the vicinity of 

ground water resource evaluation projects and contamination sites), complete physical 

pictures of most aquifer systems do not exist. Hard data on the exact natural chemical 

processes controlling groundwater chemical evolution that occur along a flow path in 

sand and gravel aquifers are also lacking. MGS has some ambient water quality data 

but has not yet fully characterized any particular aquifer system. 

MGS has begun preliminary examination of annual physical groundwater data from 

selected wells at DEP monitoring sites in both sand and gravel aquifers and in bedrock 

aquifers. This effort is to supplement data in the statewide groundwater monitoring 

system conducted by the US Geological Survey as part of its annual groundwater 

monitoring program. 

Please refer to page 126 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further discussion of aquifer characterization activities. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf 

WATER RESOURCES PLANNING COMMITTEE

Contacts: Robert Marvinney, State Geologist, Maine Geological Survey 

Tel: (207) 287-2804 email: robert.g.marvinney@maine.gov

Mark Margerum, Bureau of Land and Water Quality, MDEP 

Tel: (207) 287-7842 email: mark.t.margerum@maine.gov

Related websites: http://maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/water/planning/index.htm
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In 2007 the Maine Legislature enacted “An Act Concerning the Sustainable Use of and 

Planning for Water Resources” (P.L. 2007, Chapter 399). This law created the Water 

Resources Planning Committee, which is chaired by Robert Marvinney, Director of the 

Maine Geological Survey. This stakeholder group is charged with identifying, 

researching and addressing potential water use issues in watersheds statewide. With 

guidance from the Committee, the Maine Geological Survey completed work on the 

water resource investigations in the Freeport watersheds that host the public water 

supply wells for the Town of Freeport. New work has begun to improve groundwater 

and surface water information for the Branch Brook watershed, which includes the 

water supply for the towns of Kennebunk, Kennebunkport, and Wells in York County. 

The law also created a new licensing requirement for “Significant Groundwater Wells” 

under the Natural Resources Protection Act. Under this provision large groundwater 

withdrawals are now regulated by the DEP. 

Significant Groundwater Wells 

Contact: John Hopeck, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-4463 email: john.t.hopeck@maine.gov

Related Website:

http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/nrpa/significant_groundwater_wells/#intro

Although Maine has abundant groundwater when recharge and use are averaged over 

the state, certain large wells, and the density of smaller wells in certain areas, may 

have local adverse effects on protected resources and wells on nearby 

properties. Installation and operation of large groundwater extraction wells, with 

certain exceptions, is now regulated under the Natural Resources Protection 

Act. Applicants must demonstrate that the extraction of groundwater will not have an 

undue unreasonable effect on waters of the State, groundwater-related natural 

resources, and existing uses, including, but not limited to, public or private 

wells. Applicants must submit adequate background data, including stream flows and 

wetted perimeter and wetland water levels, pump test data and analysis, and a sitespecific plan for monitoring groundwater elevation, precipitation, and other relevant 

hydrogeologic criteria. The Department must consider both the direct effects of the 

proposed withdrawal and its effects in combination with existing water 

withdrawals. Ongoing work by the Maine Geological Survey is evaluating whether or 

not the cumulative impacts of groundwater withdrawals by wells of all sizes in some 

larger watersheds may exceed the minimum amounts required to supply all existing 

uses, including both water supply and streamflow, in some watersheds. 

Overview of Groundwater Contamination Sources 

Most groundwater contamination in Maine originates from nonpoint source pollution 

rather than point source pollution. The following discussion focuses primarily on 

nonpoint contamination sources that appear to be responsible for most groundwater 

contamination in the State: agriculture, hazardous substance sites, spill sites, landfills, 

leaking underground storage tanks, septic systems, and shallow well injection. 

Please refer to the 2006 report beginning on page 127 for additional background 

information on other sources of contamination, and for additional information on the 

sources listed above. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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117 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

PETROLEUM STORAGE TANKS AND PRODUCT SPILLS

Underground Tanks 

Contact: Bruce Hunter, DEP BRWM, Division of Technical Services 

Tel: (207) 287-7672 email: Bruce.E.Hunter@maine.gov

Related Websites: 

General Information: www.maine.gov/dep/waste/ust/index.html

Rules for UST Facilities: www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/06/096/096c691.doc 

Rules for Siting of Oil Storage Facilities: 

www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/06/096/096c692.doc

Leaking Underground Tanks and Drinking Water Wells 

The Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Remediation Priority List tracks 

clean-up sites and provides an objective scoring system to determine which sites 

receive scarce clean-up dollars. In general, the higher the score, the more quickly 

resources are allocated to clean up a site. Table 6-1 shows the number of sites placed 

on this Priority List and the change since the previous 305b report. 

Table 6-1 Remediation Priority List Sites – Number of Sites as of December 2011 

Total Number of Sites Since 1994 Number of Sites Closed Number of Active Sites 

2345 1834 510 

Numerical Change and Percent Change from 2 years ago (previous 305b report) 

350 / 18% increase 303 / 20% increase 49/ 10.6% increase 

The sites on the priority list are limited to those contaminated by petroleum products 

(as opposed to all hazardous chemicals and all hazardous wastes), but the sites are 

not limited to USTs. Many of the sites on the priority list are home heating oil tanks, 

which are typically aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). Table 6-2 shows the number 

of private water wells and public water supplies contaminated by petroleum products 

or threatened with contamination by petroleum products as of December 2011. Note 

that one active site can contaminate or threaten more than one well. 
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Table 6-2 Current (December 2011) Remediation Priority List Sites – Contamination Summary 

Number of 

Contaminated Wells* 

Number of Contaminated 

Public Water Supplies 

Number of 

Threatened Wells* 

Number of Threatened 

Public Water Supplies 

187 3 561 10 

Numerical Change and Percent Change from 2 years ago (previous 305b report) 

-26/ 12% decrease 0 / 0% change -96 / 15% decrease 5 / 100% increase 

* Does not include public water supplies. 

On December 1, 2009 new petroleum cleanup guidelines went into effect based on the 

toxicity of petroleum fractions in addition to target compounds typically found in 

petroleum. The remediation approach is based on the analytical method that 

fractionates petroleum using two different tests pioneered by Massachusetts. The 

tests are: Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons (VPH) and Extractable Petroleum 

Hydrocarbons (EPH). These tests will replace GRO (Gasoline Range Organics) and 

DRO (Diesel Range Organics) that have been used by Maine for the past 20 years or 

more. The new guidelines are described in a document titled “Remediation Guidelines 

for Petroleum Contaminated Sites in Maine”, November 20, 2009. 

Legislative Changes 

For several years the standards for underground storage tanks (UST) facilities were 

more stringent than those of aboveground storage tanks (AST) facilities. In 2010 the 

siting restrictions for new AST facilities became the same as those of UST facilities. 

New facilities must be over 300 feet from a private well, over 1000 feet from a public 

well, and cannot be over a mapped sand and gravel aquifer or in the mapped source 

water protection area of a public water supply. 

As of January 1, 2011, the legal loophole was closed that had allowed underground 

piping systems attached to ASTs and installed before June of 1991 to operate without 

leak detection. So in addition to ASTs and USTs having the same siting criteria, the 

underground piping at both and ASTs and USTs must now meet the same 

requirements as well. 

Above Ground Storage Tank Spill Information 

Contact: David McCaskill, DEP BRWM, Division of Technical Services 

Tel: (207) 287-7056 email: david.mccaskill@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/abovegroundtanks/index.html 

ASTs at Single Family Residences 

Contact: Peter Moulton, DEP BRWM, Division of Technical Services 

Tel: (207) 287-8161 email: peter.t.moulton@maine.gov

http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/abovegroundtanks/replacement.html

Maine averages over one heating oil spill per day from ASTs at single family 

residences. One reason for this statistic is that ASTs are commonly used in Maine. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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119 

The 2000 U.S. Census figures show that approximately 78% of Maine households are 

heated with oil. The vast majority of these households have 275 gallon ASTs located 

either in the basement or outside the residence. 

Oil or Hazardous Materials Spills 

Contact: Lyle Hall, DEP BRWM, Division of Program Services 

Tel: (207) 287-7499 lyle.s.hall@maine.gov

Related Websites: http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/hoss/ 

For users who would want to download raw data and then run statistics of their own: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/ftp/hoss/ 

The Department's Response Division responded to approximately 5,699 reports of oil 

or hazardous material events between January 2009 and December 2010. Of these 

5,699 events, 1,109 do not have completed reports and, therefore, are not included in 

this report. An estimated 89% of these responses involved discharges of petroleum 

products to soil and/or groundwater. During this period, response services personnel 

discovered approximately 40 wells that had been contaminated from these spills. Due 

to further investigation and report completion, these figures are subject to change. 

Table 6-3 provides information on the 4,590 spills that had completed spill reports. 

Table 6-3 Oil and Hazardous Material Reports - January 2009 through December 2010 

Spill Location Type Percent of 

Total Reports 

Number of 

Reports 

Number of Wells 

Impacted 

Business 20.41% 937 3 

Government 4.90% 225 0 

Other 2.68% 123 0 

Residential 30.20% 1,386 30 

School 1.48% 68 0 

Terminal 9.48% 435 7 

Transportation System 20.74% 952 0 

Utility 10.11% 464 0 

Totals 100% 4590 40

Please refer to page 130 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on oil spill reporting in Maine. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

AGRICULTURE

Contact: Matthew Randall, Maine Department of Agriculture, Office of Agricultural 

Resource Development, Agricultural Compliance Program 

Tel: (207) 287-7708 email: matthew.randall@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/agriculture/narr/compliance.html

In 2002, the total estimated cropland in Maine was 536,839 acres. The agricultural 

community uses chemicals for pest control and weed eradication; in addition, many 

farmers apply chemical fertilizers and manure to their agricultural lands. These are all 
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potential sources of ground water contamination. The major areas of chemical 

application include potato fields in Aroostook County, blueberry barrens in Hancock 

and Washington Counties, and apple orchards and forage cropland in Central Maine. 

Pesticides and nitrates are the main categories of agricultural groundwater 

contaminants. 

Maine's Nutrient Management Law 

Contact: Mark Hedrich, Nutrient Management Coordinator, Maine Department of 

Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Resource Development 

Tel: (207) 287-7608 email: mark.hedrich@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/agriculture/narr/nutrientmanagement.html

Impacts of the Law: Implementing nutrient management on farms can better protect 

ground and surface water. By applying manure and other nutrients only in the 

amounts needed for crop production and in a way that will consider nearby sensitive 

resources, fewer nutrients will leave the site and impact water quality. Studies of 

Maine farms where nutrient management practices have been implemented show that 

water quality within a watershed can be significantly improved. In order to further 

these goals, livestock operations permits have been issued to eighteen Maine farms 

meeting certain criteria during the past several years. Twenty-two nutrient 

management plans were developed for new operations, and 36 plans were updated in 

2011. In addition, farm composting of on-farm and off-farm nutrients is expanding, 

with 22 compost management plans having been developed recently. The 

Department’s Chapter 211 Carcass Disposal Rules have been updated and will be 

adopted early in 2012. For more information on Maine’s Nutrient Management Law, 

follow the link above to the Nutrient Management Program webpage maintained by the 

Department of Agriculture. 

Please refer to page 131 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for more information on the Maine Nutrient Management 

Program. http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_R

eport.pdf 

Pesticides 

Contact: Mary E. Tomlinson, Board of Pesticides Control (BPC), Maine Department of 

Agriculture 

Tel: (207) 287-7544 email: mary.e.tomlinson@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.state.me.us/agriculture/pesticides/water/index.htm 

Every five to seven years since 1994, the BPC has conducted a statewide pesticides 

and groundwater monitoring program to determine the impact of agricultural pesticide 

use on the quality of ground water. Randomly selected, private drinking water wells 

within 1⁄4 mile down gradient of an agricultural crop are sampled. The results of past 

surveys have indicated that in wells in which pesticides have been detected, the 

concentrations of pesticides do not present a health threat to the citizens of Maine 

when compared to the health-based standards established by the USEPA and the 

Maine Centers for Disease Control. Efforts on the part of growers to use best 
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121 

management practices and the trend toward newer chemistry with lower application 

rates have had positive impacts on the quality of Maine’s groundwater. Beginning in 

2011, monitoring will focus on one crop per year, rather than multiple crops, with 

repeat sampling every five to seven years to allow for more wells to be sampled. 

Sampling for hexazinone will be incorporated into the blueberry rotation, the target 

crop for 2011. 

Results for monitoring from 1994-2006 are summarized in Table 6-4, below: 

Table 6-4 Hexazinone Monitoring - 1994 through 2006 

Sampling Results Spring 1994 Spring 1998 Spring 2002 Spring 2006

Total Number of Samples Collected 20 42 49 46 

Number of Positive Detections 15 18 29 32 

Percentage with Positive Detections 75% 42.8% 59.2% 69.6% 

Mean Concentration*(ppb) 1.08 0.41 1.45 .98 

Median Concentration (ppb) 0.31 ND 0.43 .34 

Highest Reading (ppb) 5.97 2.15 11.41 8.43 

*For statistical purposes only, mean concentration was calculated assuming that non detections (ND) were equal to 

half of the limit of quantification (LOQ). LOQ = 0.1 ppb for 2002 samples. 

Please refer to pages 132-133 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on pesticides in groundwater. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf 

LANDFILLS

Contacts: Paula Clark, DEP BRWM, Division of Solid Waste Management 

Tel: (207) 287-7718 email: paula.m.clark@maine.gov

and Ted Wolfe, DEP BRWM, Division of Remediation 

Tel: (207) 287-8552 email: theodore.e.wolfe@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/solidwaste/index.html

The Maine Department of Environmental Protection is directed by statute to regulate 

the location, establishment, construction, expansion and operation of all solid waste 

facilities in the state, including landfills. 

Active Landfills 

There are currently 41 active, licensed landfills in the state of Maine (Figure 6-1). The 

following link will take you to a current file of these active landfills: 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/solidwaste/documents/landfillactive.xls 

Inactive Landfills 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/solidwaste/index.html 

A total of 415 municipal landfills have been identified in the state. As of December 

2010, 397 of these landfills have been closed and capped (Figure 6-1). 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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122 

Please refer to pages 133-136 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on Maine landfills and residual land 

applications. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

Figure 6-1 Active and Inactive Landfills in Maine 
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123 

ROAD SALT AND SAND SALT PILES

Contacts: Erich Kluck, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 592-2068 email: erich.d.kluck@maine.gov 

or Judy Gates, Director Environmental Office, Maine Department of Transportation, 

Tel: (207) 624-3100 email: env.mainedot@maine.gov 

Related Websites: Rules – Chapter 574 and Sand Salt Piles 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/wd/sandsalt/index.html 

DOT information on Plowing and Sanding and Sand/Salt Building Program 

http://www.maine.gov/mdot/csd/mlrc/technical/winterplowsand/ and 

http://www.maine.gov/mdot/csd/mlrc/technical/ssbp/ 

DEP is actively involved with siting of new sand-salt buildings and piles and continues 

to investigate contamination from sand-salt piles on a case-by-case basis. DEP’s 

Sand-Salt Storage Area Rule (Chapter 574) prohibits siting of new sand-salt storage 

areas on significant sand and gravel aquifers, within source water protection areas of 

public water supplies and within 300 feet of a private domestic well. MDOT continues 

to handle complaints related to sand-salt piles that they operate, and roads they 

maintain. 

Please refer to page 137 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on the program mentioned above. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

FEDERAL FACILITIES, SUPERFUND, BROWNFIELD, VOLUNTARY 

RESPONSE, AND OTHER HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE SITES

Contact: David Wright, DEP BRWM, Division of Remediation 

Tel: (207) 287-2651 email: david.w.wright@maine.gov

Related Websites: (Federal EPA Information) http://www.epa.gov/superfund/

(Maine DEP Information) http://www.maine.gov/dep/spills/programs/index.html

As of June 21, 2012, DEP had identified some 1338 hazardous substance sites in 

Maine (Table 6-5). 40% of which were still in the active stage. The Division of 

Remediation investigates and mitigates the risk posed to public health and the 

environment from these sites. The Department may undertake the investigation and 

clean-up themselves, or compel responsible parties to undertake the work, through 

either the state’s uncontrolled sites program (for smaller sites) or with EPA via the 

federal CERCLA program (the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response and 

Comprehensive Liability Act, aka Superfund) or the Defense State Memorandum of 

Agreement (DSMOA) for military sites. Additionally, many sites are investigated and 

remediated under one of two voluntary programs: the Brownfields Program, which 

partially funds the work with federal dollars, and Maine’s Voluntary Remedial Action 

Program (VRAP). 
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124 

Please refer to pages 91-92 of the 2008 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on the programs mentioned above. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/index.htm 

Table 6-5 Hazardous Waste Sites, Number and Status

Site Status 

Program 

Brownfields DSMOA Superfund Uncontrolled 

Sites 

VRAP Grand 

Total 

In Review 10 95 0 13 25 143 

Investigation Stage 113 13 1 42 33 202 

Remediation Stage 28 7 6 35 41 117 

Operation & 

Maintenance 2 0 5 44 8 59 

No Further Action 52 50 0 159 556 817 

Grand Total 205 165 12 293 663 1338 

RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) SITES

Contact: Stacy Ladner, DEP BRWM, Division of Oil and Hazardous Waste Facilities 

Regulation (OHWFR) 

Tel: (207) 287-2651 email: stacy.a.ladner@maine.gov 

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/waste/hazardouswaste/index.html

The DEP currently lists approximately 104 sites with Hazardous Waste Licenses and 

60 sites with interim licenses. Over 60 sites are under investigation for possible 

ground water or surface water contamination. Thirty-two of these sites have ground or 

surface waters that have been contaminated by discharges of hazardous substances. 

Nineteen of these 32 facilities have ongoing, active remediation.

SEPTIC SYSTEMS

Contact: James A. Jacobsen, DHHS MCDC&P, Division of Environmental Health, 

Drinking Water Program, Subsurface Wastewater Unit 

Tel: (207) 287-5695 email: james.jacobsen@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmentalhealth/plumb/index.htm 

The Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control 

and Prevention, Division of Environmental Health, Drinking Water Program, 

Subsurface Wastewater Unit and its antecedents have regulated onsite sewage 

disposal since 1926. This responsibility rests with DHHS because the treatment and 

disposal of human sanitary waste has been historically considered a public health 

issue. The Subsurface Wastewater Unit within the Division of Environmental Health 

promulgates and administers the Subsurface Wastewater Disposal Rules. The 
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Program also maintains microfiche copies of all plumbing and subsurface wastewater 

permits that have been issued statewide from 1974 to 2004. During the period from 

January through December 2011 the Program processed approximately 9960 internal 

and external plumbing and subsurface wastewater permits. Changes to data entry 

procedures do not allow for reporting from January to December 2009. 

Nitrates and Septic Systems 

The Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory (HETL) database contains the 

results of water tests done on private wells. This database provides the largest 

sample of private well nitrate concentrations in the state. Assuming that the HETL 

database for nitrate-N represents Maine ground water quality, data from January 2009 

to December 2010 indicate approximately 98% of wells sampled have concentrations 

below 5 mg/L, well below the 10 mg/L drinking water standard for nitrate-N (Table 6-

6). This percentage has remained steady for the past few reporting cycles. 

Table 6-6 Nitrate-N Frequency Distributions 

Nitrate-N (mg/L) HETL Database1

 

(percent) 

HETL Database2 

(percent) 

HETL Database3 

(percent) 

HETL Database4

(percent) 

0.00 to 2.50 91.9 93.7 93.9 94.5 

2.51 to 5.00 5.6 4.5 4.2 3.8 

5.01 to 7.50 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 

7.51 to 10.00 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 

Greater than 10.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 

# of Analyses 2,197 7,100 6,000 8711

1 HETL database for private well analyses between 1/1/04 and 5/31/05. 

2 HETL database for private well analyses between 1/1/06 and 5/31/07. 

8 HETL database for private well analyses between 1/1/08 and 5/31/09. 

4 HETL database for private well analyses between 1/5/09 and 12/31/10. 

Bacteria 

Private well testing for bacteria identifies a greater contamination potential from 

bacteria than from nitrate. In public and private drinking water supplies, coliform 

bacteria are used as the indicator of microbial contamination. The Primary Drinking 

Water Standard for total coliform bacteria is 0 colonies per 100 ml. 

Table 6-7 shows that larger percentages of dug wells test positive for bacteria than 

drilled wells. This lends support to the belief that dug wells are more susceptible to 

bacterial contamination than drilled wells. Table 6-8 shows recent well testing data, 

however HETL no longer distinguishes between dug and drilled wells in its reporting.

 
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Table 6-7 Wells testing positive for E. coli or total coliform 

Well Type 

HETL Database 1960-1990 HETL Database 1/04-5/05 HETL Database 6/06-8/061

% wells positive for 

total Coliform or E. Coli 

% wells positive for 

total Coliform or E. Coli 

% wells positive for 

total Coliform or E. Coli 

Dug 52% 32% 35% 

Drilled 24% 14% 16% 

1Only Data available from HETL which distinguishes the well type was from this time period in 2006. HETL stopped 

collecting well type data after 2006. 

Table 6-8 Wells testing positive for E. coli or total coliform 1/08-12/10 

Test Type HETL Database 1/1/08-5/31/09 HETL Database 1/5/09-12/31/10

Total number of tests % wells positive Total number of tests % wells positive 

Coliform 7715 25.7 % 10,856 33.0% 

E. Coli 7694 2.3 % 10,856 3.5% 

Please refer to pages 138-140 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on nitrates, bacteria, and septic systems in 

Maine. http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/index.htm

SHALLOW WELL INJECTION AND THE UNDERGROUND INJECTION 

CONTROL (UIC) PROGRAM

Contact: Erich Kluck, DEP BLWQ, Division of Water Quality Management (DWQM) 

Tel: (207) 592-2068 email: erich.kluck@maine.gov 

Related Websites: 

UIC Program: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/wd/uic/index.html 

Rules: http://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/06/096/096c543.doc 

The underground discharge of pollutants by shallow well injection has been illegal in 

Maine since 1983 when the State adopted the Federal Underground Injection Control 

(UIC) regulations. The revised rule for UIC was adopted by the BEP in September 

2006 and the Primacy package was sent to the US EPA in October of 2006. Table 6-

9 lists information on numbers of inspections and registrations for the federal fiscal 

years 2008-2010. 

Table 6-9 Underground Injection Control Program Information 

Federal Fiscal 

Year Wells Addressed Wells Licensed Non-UIC violations 

Inspections and 

Follow-ups 

FFY 2008 44 0 48 317 

FFY2009 28 0 0 245 

FFY 2010 26 5 20 295 

Q 1, FFY 2011 0 0 0 0 
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OTHER PROGRAMS

Please refer to pages 142-144 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on programs which may monitor 

for affects to groundwater from the following activities. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

Stormwater Infiltration 

Contact: John Hopeck, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-4463 email: John.T.Hopeck@maine.gov

Use of infiltration as a stormwater management technique is common in many 

regions, but is practical in Maine only in the limited areas underlain by glacial sand 

and gravel deposits. These aquifers contain large volumes of easily extracted water, 

but are highly vulnerable to contamination. Groundwater monitoring at large 

commercial and industrial sites shows that the volume of pollutants discharged to 

these infiltration systems generally exceeds the treatment capacity of the soil and 

aquifer. Chloride is the most common pollutant, but data also indicate that changes in 

chemical conditions in the infiltration systems can release accumulated metals and 

other pollutants to the underlying aquifer over time. These data are consistent with 

findings in other states and in the European Union, and have been cited by EPA in a 

recent summary of stormwater recharge methods. Ongoing work on stormwater 

management rules is intended to encourage infiltration, where geologically feasible, 

from low-pollutant sources, while discouraging concentrated discharges to 

groundwater from large areas of connected impervious surface. Groundwater 

monitoring will continue at currently-monitored sites. 

Metallic Mining 

Contact: Mark Stebbins, DEP BLWQ, Division of Land Resource Regulation (DLRR) 

Tel: (207) 822-6367 email: Mark.N.Stebbins@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/mining/index.html

Currently there is no metallic mineral exploration activity occurring in the State. 

Gravel Pits 

Contact: Mark Stebbins, DEP BLWQ, Division of Land Resource Regulation (DLRR) 

Tel: (207) 822-6367 email: Mark.N.Stebbins@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/land/mining/index.html

The Maine DEP has licensed 779 mining sites (gravel pits & rock quarries). In 2008, 

the Legislature enacted the Wellhead Protection Law to protect drinking water wells 

from contamination by oil or hazardous substances. The law accomplishes this 

purpose by restricting the siting of facilities that, by their nature, pose an unacceptable 

risk to groundwater quality and therefore should be kept away, if at all possible, from 

drinking water supplies, including significant sand and gravel aquifers. During 
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implementation of this law, the department became aware of a conflict between the 

law and the use of fuel storage tanks in gravel pits. Specifically, the rules prohibit the 

installation of an oil storage facility on a significant sand and gravel aquifer mapped by 

the Maine Geological Survey. Approximately 55 % (421) of DEP-licensed gravel pits 

are located on mapped sand and gravel aquifers. 

In response to this conflict, the Legislature directed the Department through Public 

Law 2011, Chapter 26, to amend its Chapter 378 Variance Criteria for the Excavation 

of Rock, Borrow, Topsoil, Clay or Silt and the Performance Standards for the Storage 

of Petroleum Products, (06-096 CMR 378) to allow licensed mining operations to store 

a small amount of diesel fuel on mapped significant sand and gravel aquifers. 

Specifically, the proposed amendments would allow for up to 2 above ground diesel 

fuel tanks in a single location with an aggregate capacity not to exceed 1,100 gallons 

(doubled wall tanks, installed with all safety features, O&M procedures, etc.) without 

obtaining a variance as currently required under department rules. 

Radioactive Waste Storage and Disposal Sites 

Contact: Tom Hillman, DHHS Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, Radiation 

Control Program 

Tel: (207) 287-8401 email: Tom.Hillman@maine.gov

Related Website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/rad/

Please refer to page 144 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information this program. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf
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Summary of Ground Water Quality 

Figure 6-2 Distribution of Sole Source Public Water Supply Wells for the Ambient 

Water Quality Monitoring Network by Aquifer Type 

Wells shown are those which were sampled. 

For 2012 the ambient ground water quality monitoring network consists of 1191 public 

water supplies. Each of the selected public water supplies is provided by only one 

source of water: either a drilled well in bedrock; a dug well in glacial till; a drilled well, 

well point, or dug well in glacial outwash sand and gravel or recent sandy alluvium 

(Figure 6-2). Some of the wells are large community water supplies; some are nontransient, non-community water supplies. Analytical results for periodic, routine 

sampling of raw water were provided by the DWP. Not all the well samples were 

analyzed for the all the same chemical constituents every time they were obtained: 

frequency depends on the type of water supply and the population served. 

Nevertheless, the DEP believes that the selection represents ambient ground water 

quality in the three major geologic settings that provide ground water in Maine. Sand 

and gravel aquifers are often high yield water sources and are often found in 

developed areas, and are therefore vulnerable to contamination. Bedrock aquifers, 

though not usually hydrologically connected, underlie the whole state and are mostly 

used as private water supplies, as are glacial till aquifers. The locations of the wells 

used to indicate ambient water quality are shown in Figure 6-3 and a summary of the 
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ambient water quality data is in Table 6-10. Figure 6-2 shows the distribution of these 

wells by aquifer type. 

Figure 6-3 Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Network Well Location Map 
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Table 6-10 Ambient Aquifer Monitoring Data* 

Ambient Ground Water Quality Monitoring Well Data

Aquifer Description: Till Data Reporting Period: Jan. 2009-Dec. 2010 StatewideMonitoring Total number Parameter No detections of No detections of parameters Parameters are detected at data type * of wells used groups parameters above MDLs above MDLs or background concentrations exceeding th in assessment or background levels levels and nitrate MDL, but are less than or  concentrations range from to MCLs and/or nitrate rang background levels to <5 mg/l >5 to <10 mg/l Ambient (raw) 37 VOC1 64 0 1 water quality SVOC1 11 0 0 data from public # of Tests: NO32 186 60 0 water supply 400 Other 32 0 32 wells 

Ambient Ground Water Quality Monitoring Well Data

Aquifer Description: Bedrock Data Reporting Period: Jan. 2009-Dec. 2010 StatewideMonitoring Total number Parameter No detections of No detections of parameters Parameters are detected at data type * of wells used groups parameters above MDLs above MDLs or background concentrations exceeding th in assessment or background levels levels and nitrate MDL, but are less than or  concentrations range from to MCLs and/or nitrate rang background levels to <5 mg/l >5 to <10 mg/l Ambient (raw) 1098 VOC 27210 0 114 water quality SVOC 3025 0 5 data from public # of Tests: NO31 6862 960 14 water supply 48174 Other 4779 0 4912 wells Major uses of aquifers or hydrologic units: X Public water supply ___ Irrigation ___ Commercial ___ Mining ___ Base X Private water supply ___ Thermoelectric ___ Livestock ___ Industrial ___ MainUses affected by water quality problems units: X Public water supply___ Irrigation ___ Commercial ___ Mining ___ Base X Private water supply ___ Thermoelectric ___ Livestock ___ Industrial ___ Main* Data supplied by DHHS/BH/DHE/Drinking Water Program, analysis by DEP/BLWQ/DEA/Enviromental Geology Unit

1 VOC - Volatile Organic Compound; SVOC – Semi Volatile Organic Compound

2 Includes results from testing for parameters: Nitrate, Nitrate-Nitrite, and Nitrite
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Table 6-10 Ambient Aquifer Monitoring Data, continued* 

Ambient Ground Water Quality Monitoring Well Data

Aquifer Description: Stratified Drift Data Reporting Period: Jan. 2009-Dec. 2010 StatewideMonitoring Total number Parameter No detections of No detections of parameters Parameters are detected at data type * of wells used groups parameters above MDLs above MDLs or background concentrations exceeding th in assessment or background levels levels and nitrate MDL, but are less than or  concentrations range from to MCLs and/or nitrate rang background levels to <5 mg/l >5 to <10 mg/l Ambient (raw) 56 VOC1 3045 0 11 water quality SVOC1 411 0 5 water supply # of Tests: NO3\2 216 239 4 wells 4978 Other 547 0 492 Major uses of aquifer or hydrologic unit: X Public water supply___ Irrigation___ Commercial___ Mining___ Baseflow X Private water supp

__ Livestock ___ Industrial___ Maintenance 

Uses affected by water quality problems: X Public water supply___ Irrigation___ Commercial___ Mining___ Baseflow X Private water supp

___ Livestock ___ Industrial___ Maintenance 

* Data supplied by DHHS/BH/DHE/Drinking Water Program, analysis by DEP/BLWQ/DEA/Enviromental Geology Unit1 VOC - Volatile Organic Compound; SVOC – Semi Volatile Organic Compound

2 Includes results from testing for parameters: Nitrate, Nitrate-Nitrite, and Nitrite
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Groundwater Trends 

New occurrences of ground water contamination are documented in Maine each year. 

Although discovery of existing contamination and consequent remediation is expected 

to continue, future reports of contamination are expected to decline as the State's 

ground water protection initiatives continue to be implemented, stressing 

contamination prevention. 

Please refer to pages 149-153 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for further information on programs which may indicate ground 

water quality trends. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf

 
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CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC HEALTH – RELATED ASSESSMENTS

MAINE HEALTHY BEACHES PROGRAM

Contacts: Mark Margerum, Bureau of Land and Water Quality (Program Manager) 

Tel: (207) 287-7842 email: Mark.T.Margerum@maine.gov

Keri Lindberg, University of Maine Cooperative Extension and Sea Grant (Program 

Coordinator) 

Tel: (207) 832-0343 email: keri.lindberg@maine.edu

Caitlyn Whittle, EPA Region 1, BEACH Program Coordinator 

Tel: (617) 918-1748 email: whittle.caitlyn@epa.gov

Related Websites: (Maine Specific) www.mainehealthybeaches.org

(Federal) www.epa.gov/ost/beaches

The Maine Healthy Beaches Program (MHB) monitors ocean beaches in order to 

provide protection of swimmer health. During the current reporting cycle, the DEP 

managed the program through a partnership with the University of Maine Cooperative 

Extension (UMaine Extension) and Sea Grant and numerous local beach managers 

and volunteers. All participating beaches, including State Parks, conduct routine 

monitoring of beach water quality from Memorial Day through Labor Day. When 

exceedances occur, resampling is conducted for those sites. In Maine, the monitoring 

of town owned beaches and providing public notification of beach status, is the 

jurisdiction of the municipality and participation in the MHB program is voluntary. 

Private beach owners are responsible for their own monitoring programs unless they 

choose to work with the local municipality and MHB. Private beaches owners may opt 

not to participate in any monitoring. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated the Beaches Environmental 

Assessment, Closure and Health (BEACH) Act of 2000 in response to the growing 

concern about public health risks posed by polluted coastal swimming beaches. MHB 

is a voluntary program and includes these components: water quality assessment and 

public notification of beach status, education and outreach, and working with 

communities and program partners to identify and remediate pollution sources through 

applied research and special studies. 

The assessment program includes measurement of critical factors that affect the 

health of the beach environment as well as the health of people who visit them (for 

participating beaches only). 
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Table 7-1 Beaches Participating in Program 

Beach Name Managing Organization 

Sand Beach Acadia National Park 

Hadley Point Bar Harbor 

Hulls Cove Bar Harbor 

Town Beach Bar Harbor 

Fortunes Rocks Beach Biddeford 

Gil Bouche Park/Biddeford Pool Biddeford 

Middle Beach (Biddeford) Biddeford 

Pemaquid Beach Bristol 

Laite Beach Camden 

Crescent Beach Crescent Beach State Park 

Kettle Cove Beach Crescent Beach State Park 

Ferry Beach (Saco) Ferry Beach State Park 

Winslow Park Freeport 

Higgins Beach Higgins Beach Association 

Hills Beach Hills Beach Association 

Goochs Beach Kennebunk 

Libby Cove Beach Kennebunk 

Middle Beach Kennebunk 

Mother’s Beach Kennebunk 

Colony Beach Kennebunkport 

Goose Rocks Kennebunkport 

Crescent Beach (Kittery) Kittery 

Fort Foster Kittery 

Sea Point Beach Kittery 

Ducktrap River Lincolnville 

Lincolnville Beach Area Lincolnville 

Footbridge (Ogunquit) Ogunquit 

Little Beach Ogunquit 

Main (Ogunquit) Ogunquit 

Moody (Ogunquit) Ogunquit 

Riverside (Ogunquit) Ogunquit 

OOB - Central Old Orchard Beach 

OOB - North End Old Orchard Beach 

OOB - Ocean Park Old Orchard Beach 

Popham - Center Beach Popham Beach State Park 

Popham - East Beach Popham Beach State Park 

Popham - West Beach/Morse River Popham Beach State Park 

East End Beach Portland 

East Beach Reid State Park 

Half mile Beach Reid State Park 

Lagoon Beach Reid State Park 

Mile Beach Reid State Park 

Sandy Beach Rockland 

Goodies Beach Rockport 
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Beach Name Managing Organization 

Bay View Saco 

Kinney Shores Saco 

Ferry Beach (Scarborough) Scarborough 

Pine Point Scarborough 

Scarborough Beach Scarborough Beach State Park 

Willard Beach South Portland 

Casino Square Wells 

Crescent Beach (Wells) Wells 

Drakes Isl. Beach Wells 

Wells Beach Wells 

Wells Harbor Wells 

Laudholm Beach Wells National Estuarine 

Research Reserve 

Cape Neddick Beach York 

Long Sands Beach York 

Short Sands Beach York 

York Harbor Beach York 

Swimming Beach Advisories and Closures 

Under Clean Water Act (CWA) guidelines, the designated use of swimming beaches is 

for “Recreation in and on the Water.” Beaches can have advisories or closures posted 

to warn of potential health risks; these actions are based on a risk analysis performed 

by the beach manager with assistance from MHB staff. The beaches listed in Tables 

7-2 and 7-3 had advisories and/or closures for the number of days noted. 

Beach advisories/closures are posted according to: 

• Results obtained from bacteria water quality samples exceeding State and Federal 

standards. 

• Conditions at monitoring site indicating the possible presence of disease-causing 

organisms. 

These advisories/closures are recommendations to the public to avoid water contact 

activities at the beach until further analyses reveal safe conditions and/or conditions at 

monitoring site change. 

For this 2012 Integrated Report, 2009 data show there were 237 advisory days and 13 

closure days. In 2010 there were 196 advisory and 11 closure days at 29 beaches. 
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Table 7-2 2009 Beach Advisory and Closure Information 

Town Name Beach Name Advisory 

Days 

Closure 

Days 

Total Days 

in 2009 

Bar Harbor Town Beach 10 0 10 

Biddeford Fortunes Rocks Beach 4 0 4 

Biddeford Hills Beach 2 0 2 

Camden Laite Beach 2 0 2 

Cape Elizabeth Crescent Beach 3 0 3 

Georgetown Mile Beach 2 0 2 

Kennebunk Goochs Beach 12 0 12 

Kennebunk Libby Cove Beach 8 0 8 

Kennebunk Middle Beach (Kennebunk) 8 0 8 

Kennebunk Mothers Beach 6 0 6 

Kennebunkport Colony Beach 7 0 7 

Kennebunkport Goose Rocks 11 0 11 

Kittery Fort Foster 13 0 13 

Kittery Sea Point Beach 9 0 9 

Lincolnville Ducktrap River 21 0 21 

Ogunquit Main (Ogunquit) 2 0 2 

Ogunquit Riverside (Ogunquit) 8 0 8 

Old Orchard Beach Oob - Central 2 0 2 

Phippsburg Popham - Center Beach 2 0 2 

Phippsburg Popham - East Beach 2 0 2 

Phippsburg Popham - West Beach-Morse 

River 4 0 4 

Portland East End Beach 11 13 24 

Rockland Sandy Beach 2 0 2 

Rockport Goodies Beach 23 0 23 

Scarborough Higgins Beach 4 0 4 

Scarborough Scarborough Beach 1 0 1 

South Portland Willard Beach 23 0 23 

Wells Casino Square 2 0 2 

Wells Crescent Beach (Wells) 2 0 2 

Wells Laudholm Beach 3 0 3 

Wells Wells Beach 2 0 2 

Wells Wells Harbor 2 0 2 

York Cape Neddick Beach 9 0 9 

York Long Sands Beach 5 0 5 

York Short Sands Beach 1 0 1 

York York Harbor Beach 9 0 9 

Totals 237 13 250
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Table 7-3 2010 Beach Advisory and Closure Information 

Town Name Beach Name Advisory 

Days 

Closure 

Days 

Total 

Days in 

2010 

Bar Harbor Hulls Cove 2 0 2 

Bar Harbor Town Beach 2 0 2 

Biddeford Hills Beach 2 0 2 

Camden Laite Beach 10 0 10 

Cape Elizabeth Kettle Cove Beach 2 0 2 

Freeport Winslow Park 3 0 3 

Georgetown Lagoon Beach 9 0 9 

Kennebunk Goochs Beach 9 0 9 

Kennebunkport Colony Beach 7 0 7 

Kennebunkport Goose Rocks 18 0 18 

Kittery Fort Foster 2 0 2 

Kittery Sea Point Beach 4 6 10 

Lincolnville Lincolnville Beach Area 8 0 8 

Ogunquit Little Beach 12 0 12 

Ogunquit Riverside (Ogunquit) 18 0 18 

Old Orchard Beach Oob - Ocean Park 1 0 1 

Phippsburg Popham - Center Beach 3 0 3 

Phippsburg Popham - East Beach 3 0 3 

Phippsburg Popham - West Beach-Morse River 9 0 9 

Portland East End Beach 6 5 11 

Rockland Sandy Beach 2 0 2 

Rockport Goodies Beach 25 0 25 

Scarborough Ferry Beach (Scarborough) 4 0 4 

South Portland Willard Beach 11 0 11 

Wells Casino Square 1 0 1 

York Cape Neddick Beach 3 0 3 

York Long Sands Beach 3 0 3 

York Short Sands Beach 14 0 14 

York York Harbor Beach 3 0 3 

Totals 196 11 207

SHELLFISH PROGRAM MONITORING & ASSESSMENTS 

Shellfish Harvest Area Closures 

Contact: Alison Sirois, Growing Area Program Manager, Department of Marine 

Resources, Public Health Division 

Tel: (207) 215-4107 email: alison.sirois@maine.gov 

Related Website: 

http://www.maine.gov/dmr/rm/public_health/shellfishgrowingarea.htm

The Department of Marine Resources (DMR) assesses information on shellfish 

growing areas to ensure that shellfish harvested are safe for consumption. A goal of 

the Clean Water Act (CWA) is to have these areas meet their designated use of 
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"Propagation and Harvest of Shellfish." Shellfish areas are closed by DMR if the area 

is found to have elevated levels of bacteria or if the area is determined as threatened 

by potential sewage pollution problems (proximity of wastewater outfalls or intense 

storm runoff events). Water samples are collected and tested for fecal coliform 

bacteria at least six (6) times annually from each of the more than 2,000 established 

sampling sites that are located along the entire Maine coast. The shoreline survey 

includes a visual inspection of the shoreline to determine the location and magnitude 

of potential sewage pollution and toxic contamination problems. 

For information on closures, call DMR’s hot line 1-800-232-4733 or 207-624-7727 or 

visit the web at www.maine.gov/dmr/rm/public_health/closures/shellfishhotline.htm

Toxic Algae (Red Tide) 

Contact: Darcie Couture, Biotoxin Program Manager, Department of Marine 

Resources, Public Health Division 

Tel: (207) 350-6035 email: darcie.couture@maine.gov 

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dmr/rm/public_health/redtide.htm

"Red Tide" is used to refer to rapid increases in numbers of microscopic marine algae 

that contain potentially lethal toxins. The toxin is transferred to humans by the 

ingestion of shellfish that have filtered the organisms into their systems. The toxin 

affects humans by paralyzing the central nervous system and, in high doses, may 

cause death. 

DMR's Biotoxin Monitoring Program monitors levels of PSP (Paralytic Shellfish 

Poisoning or "Red Tide") and other marine biotoxins in the shellfish and waters of 

Maine. Shellfish samples are collected statewide between April and October and 

evaluated at the Biotoxin laboratories in West Boothbay Harbor and Lamoine. When 

toxin is found approaching quarantine levels, closures of shellfish harvest areas are 

implemented. Maine has historically had high levels of PSP during the warmer periods 

of the year. While red tide is a water quality issue, it is not a direct cause and effect 

relationship with human-caused pollutants. Closures, therefore, are not reported as 

violations of water quality standards. 

For information on closures, call DMR’s hot line 1-800-232-4733 or 

207-624-7727 or visit the web at 

www.maine.gov/dmr/rm/public_health/closures/shellfishhotline.htm

OCEAN FISH AND SHELLFISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES

Contact Andrew Smith, DHHS Maine CDC, Environmental and Occupational Health 

Program 

Tel: (207) 287-5189 email: Andy.E.Smith@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/

Waters do not attain their "Clean Water Act-designated use for Fishing,” whenever 

government agencies issue fish and/or shellfish consumption advisories. These 

advisories are designed to let citizens know that there may be an increased risk to 

their health if they choose to consume certain species of fish or shellfish. Since 1992, 

human health consumption advisories have been in place to warn the public against 

the consumption of lobster tomalley due to high levels of toxic contaminants. No 
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evidence of elevated levels of these contaminants was found in lobster meat. The 

advisory was expanded to include bluefish and striped bass in 1996, also due to 

detection of elevated levels of toxic contaminants in their flesh. The advisory for 

striped bass and blue fish was substantially revised in June 2009 based on recent 

sampling data from Maine and other Atlantic coastal states. The entire Maine coast 

(for waters naturally capable of supporting lobster propagation and harvest) is only in 

partial support of its designated use for fishing due to these consumption 

advisories. Toxic contamination found in lobster tomalley is presumed to originate in 

Maine waters, which leads to their listing in Category 5-D for non-attainment due to 

legacy pollutants. Toxic contaminants found in migratory or pelagic finfish are 

presumed to have been acquired largely outside of Maine waters where the fish spend 

most of their lives. Thus, advisories for marine finfish are not listed as causes of nonattainment. 

Advisory Overview 

Current information, with a last revision date of June 3, 2009, on ocean fish and 

shellfish advisories as adapted from the Maine CDC is as follows: 

WARNING About Eating Saltwater Fish and Lobster Tomalley 

Warning: Chemicals in some Maine saltwater fish and lobster tomalley may harm 

people who eat them. Women who are or may become pregnant and children should 

carefully follow the Safe Eating Guidelines. 

It's hard to believe fish that looks, smells, and tastes fine may not be safe to eat. But 

the truth is that some saltwater fish have mercury, PCBs and Dioxins in them. 

All these chemicals settle into the ocean from the air. PCBs and Dioxins also flow into 

the ocean through our rivers. These chemicals then build up in fish. 

Small amounts of mercury can damage a brain starting to form or grow. That's why 

babies in the womb, nursing babies, and young children are at most risk. Mercury can 

also harm older children and adults, but it takes larger amounts. 

PCBs and Dioxins can cause cancer and other health problems if too much builds up 

in your body. Since some saltwater fish contain several chemicals, we ask that all 

consumers of the following saltwater species follow the safe eating guidelines. 

Specific Ocean Fish Consumption Advisories 

Safe Eating Guidelines 

Striped Bass and Bluefish: Pregnant and nursing women, women who may get 

pregnant, nursing mothers and children under 8 years of age should not eat any 

striped bass or bluefish. All other individuals should eat no more than 4 meals per 

year. 

Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, and Tilefish: Pregnant and nursing women, 

women who may get pregnant and children under 8 years of age are advised to not 

eat any swordfish or shark. All other individuals should eat no more than 2 meals per 

month. 

Canned Tuna: Pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant and 

children under 8 years of age should eat no more than 1 can of "white" tuna or 2 cans 

of "light" tuna per week.
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All other ocean fish and shellfish, including canned fish and shellfish: Pregnant 

and nursing women, women who may get pregnant and children under 8 years of age 

should eat no more than 2 meals per week. 

Lobster Meat and Tomalley Consumption Advisories 

Lobster Meat: Consumption advisories do not exist for lobster meat.

Lobster Tomalley: Recommended to completely avoid consumption of lobster 

tomalley. While there is no known safety considerations when it comes to eating 

lobster meat, consumers are advised to refrain from eating the tomalley. The tomalley 

is the soft, green substance found in the body cavity of the lobster that functions as the 

liver and pancreas. Test results have shown that the tomalley can accumulate 

contaminants found in the environment.

For more information, including warnings on freshwater fish call (866) 292-3474 or visit 

the related web site at: http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/

FRESHWATER FISH CONSUMPTION MONITORING, ASSESSMENTS 

AND ADVISORIES 

Contact: Barry Mower, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-0291 email: Barry.F.Mower@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/toxics/ 

In addition to marine fish and shellfish, DEP monitors freshwater fish in its Surface 

Waters Ambient Toxics (SWAT) monitoring program for contaminants that may 

present a risk for human consumption. The results are forwarded to the Maine Center 

for Disease Control and Prevention (MCDC, formerly Maine Bureau of Health) which is 

responsible for recommending the warnings on eating fish based on the presence of 

chemicals (MSRA 22 ß 1696 I). MCDC does so in the form of Fish Consumption 

Advisories, which can be seen with additional information at 

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/eohp/fish/. There is a statewide Fish Consumption 

Advisory for all freshwaters because of mercury and additional advisories for specific 

waters because of other contaminants. 

Mercury Statewide Fish Consumption Advisory 

Based on monitoring of mercury concentrations in freshwater fish from all over Maine, 

MCDC issued a statewide advisory for all Maine lakes and ponds in 1994 and 

expanded it to include all freshwaters in 1997, and revised in 2000 as follows:

Pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant, and children 

under age 8 SHOULD NOT EAT any freshwater fish from Maine's inland waters. 

Except, for brook trout and landlocked salmon, 1 meal per month is safe. 

All other adults and children older than 8 CAN EAT 2 freshwater fish meals per 

month. For brook trout and landlocked salmon, the limit is 1 meal per week.
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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142 

Dioxin 

Dioxin levels in fish from Maine rivers continue to decline, approaching background at 

some locations but still exceeding background at others. 

An evaluation of the need for fish consumption advisories due to the presence of 

dioxin-like compounds in fish requires a comparison to a health benchmark. The 

MCDC uses a health benchmark that is expressed as a toxicity-weighted concentration 

of dioxin-like compounds in fish tissue, referred to as a “Fish Tissue Action Level” or 

FTAL. For the present report, the MCDC compares the most recent data on 

contaminant levels to its current FTALc for dioxin-like compounds of 1.5 parts per 

trillion (ppt) for protection of cancer-related effects and a 0.4 parts per trillion FTALr for 

protection of noncancer reproductive related effects. The FTAL of 1.5 ppt for cancer 

related effects has been used by MCDC since 1990. The FTAL of 0.4 ppt for 

noncancer effects is based on the same toxicity data relied upon since 1990, but has 

been adjusted downward to account for the substantial background exposure we all 

get from the presence of these chemicals in most dietary foods. 

There was no dioxin sampling in 2009 but there was limited sampling in 2010. In 

2010, dioxin concentrations measured in fish from the West Branch of the Sebasticook 

River were lower than when last measured, but still exceed MCDC’s non-cancer 

reproductive Fish Tissue Action Level (FTALr). The dioxin concentrations in fish from 

the St. Croix River above Woodland are below the FTALr; dioxin-like coplanar PCBs 

were not measured in 2010, but in previous years the addition of the PCBs resulted in 

an exceedance of the FTALr. Fish captured from the Androscoggin River, Penobscot 

River below Millinocket, Presumpscot River in Gorham and Westbrook, and 

Sebasticook River at Newport and Burnham exceeded MCDC’s FTALr for dioxins in 

previous years. 

River and Stream Specific Fish Consumption Advisories 

The dominant causes for the following fish consumption advisories are identified as 

dioxin/furans/coplanar PCBs, total PCBs, and total DDTs (DDD + DDE + DDT). 

MCDC is currently reviewing all the fish contaminant data since 2003 and expects any 

revisions to the fish consumption advisories to be issued in 2012. 

Current advisories are listed below. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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143 

Department of Health and Human Services Guidelines about Eating Freshwater Fish 

Warning: Mercury in Maine freshwater fish may harm the babies of pregnant and nursing mothers, 

and young children. 

SAFE EATING GUIDELINES 

Pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant, and children under age 8

SHOULD NOT EAT any freshwater fish from Maine's inland waters. Except, for brook trout and 

landlocked salmon, 1 meal per month is safe. 

All other adults and children older than 8 CAN EAT 2 freshwater fish meals per month. For 

brook trout and landlocked salmon, the limit is 1 meal per week. 

It's hard to believe that fish that looks, smells, and tastes fine may not be safe to eat. But the truth 

is that fish in Maine lakes, ponds, and rivers have mercury in them. Other states have this 

problem too. Mercury in the air settles into the waters. It then builds up in fish. For this reason, 

older fish have higher levels of mercury than younger fish. Fish (like pickerel and bass) that eat 

other fish have the highest mercury levels. 

Small amounts of mercury can harm a brain starting to form or grow. That is why unborn and 

nursing babies and young children are most at risk. Too much mercury can affect behavior and 

learning. Mercury can harm older children and adults, but it takes larger amounts. It may cause 

numbness in hands and feet or changes in vision. The Safe Eating Guidelines identify limits to 

protect everyone. 

Warning: Some Maine waters are polluted, requiring additional limits to eating fish.

Fish caught in some Maine waters have high levels of PCBs, Dioxins or DDT in them. These 

chemicals can cause cancer and other health effects. The Bureau of Health recommends 

additional fish consumption limits on the waters listed below. Remember to check the mercury 

guidelines. If the water you are fishing is listed below, check the mercury guideline above and 

follow the most limiting guidelines. 

Androscoggin River Gilead to Merrymeeting Bay:--------------------------- 6-12 fish meals a year. 

Dennys River Meddybemps Lake to Dead Stream:------------------------ 1-2 fish meals a month. 

Green Pond, Chapman Pit, & Greenlaw Brook 

(Limestone):-------------------------------------------------------Do not eat any fish from these waters. 

Little Madawaska River & tributaries 

(Madawaska Dam to Grimes Mill Road):-----------------Do not eat any fish from these waters. 

Kennebec River Augusta to the Chops:----------------Do not eat any fish from these waters. 

Shawmut Dam in Fairfield to Augusta:--------- 5 trout meals a year, 1-2 bass meals a month. 

Madison to Fairfield: ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-2 fish meals a month. 

Meduxnekeag River: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 fish meals a month. 

North Branch Presque Isle River------------------------------------------------------- 2 fish meals a month. 

Penobscot River below Lincoln:------------------------------------------------------ 1-2 fish meals a month 

Prestile Stream:------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 fish meal a month. 

Red Brook in Scarborough: --------------------------------------------------------------- 6 fish meals a year. 

Salmon Falls River below Berwick: ------------------------------------------------ 6-12 fish meals a year. 

Sebasticook River (East Branch, West Branch & Main Stem) 

(Corinna/Hartland to Winslow):----------------------------------------------------------2 fish meals a month.
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144 

GROUNDWATER AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS 

Public Health and Environmental Concerns 

Contaminants found in groundwater have numerous adverse human health and 

environmental impacts. Public health concerns arise because some of the 

contaminants are individually linked to toxic effects ranging from allergic reactions and 

respiratory impairment to liver and kidney damage, and damage to the central nervous 

system. Additional public health concerns also arise because information is not 

available about the health impacts of many contaminants found in groundwater. 

Due to uncertainties in the relationships between exposure to contaminants and 

impacts on human health, public health efforts are based on identifying the 

probabilities of impacts (i.e. risk assessment). Conducting a risk assessment for 

combinations of contaminants that are commonly found in groundwater is difficult 

because there are no generally accepted protocols for testing the effects of 

contaminant interactions. The primary route of exposure to contaminants is through 

ingestion of drinking water, although exposure is also possible through contact with 

skin and inhalation of vapors from groundwater sources (bathing, food preparation, 

industrial processes, etc.) 

Because groundwater generally provides base flow to streams and rivers, 

environmental impacts include toxic effects on benthic invertebrates, fish, wildlife and 

aquatic vegetation. This also presents a public health concern if the surface waterbody 

is a source of food or recreation. In some areas of the State there are probably links 

between low-level, long-term groundwater quality degradation and the water quality of 

streams and brooks during low-flow conditions. 

Drinking Water Programs and Groundwater Contaminant

Assessments 

WELLHEAD PROTECTION PROGRAM

Contact: David Braley, DHHS Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, Drinking 

Water Program 

Tel: (207) 287-5338 email: David.Braley@maine.gov 

Related Websites: 

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/water/financialresources/financialresources.htm

or http://www.state.me.us/dhhs/eng/water/

The State of Maine Drinking Water Program (DWP), located in the Department of 

Health and Human Services, administers the Wellhead Protection Program (WHPP). 

The WHPP continues to be a voluntary program for Maine's public water suppliers, 

with all reduced or waived monitoring tied to approved protection programs. To be 

eligible for reduced or waived monitoring, a system must have an approved local 

Wellhead Protection Plan (WHPP) and have completed a waiver application. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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145 

SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION PROGRAM

Contact: Andrews L. Tolman, DHHS Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, 

Drinking Water Program 

Tel: (207) 287-2070 email: andrews.l.tolman@maine.gov

Related Websites: www.medwp.com and 

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/water/dwpservices/swp/sourcewaterprotection.htm 

 

Water supply protection is the first line of defense in protecting public health. 

Protecting a water supply source has long been recognized as the cornerstone of 

providing safe drinking water. The most effective source protection method is to keep 

the area contributing water to the supply open and undeveloped. The Maine Drinking 

Water Program’s (DWP) completed five year assessment of source protection for 

public water supplies identified rapid residential and commercial development in 

source protection areas as the most significant threat to water quality and quantity, 

and few water suppliers are prepared to deal with these risks. 

Public Water Systems have a very limited suite of tools for source protection: they can 

purchase land, inspect existing activities, and ask local government to enact (and 

enforce) protective ordinances. Less than half of Maine’s community water systems 

have effective source protection plans in place after more than fifteen years of 

encouragement and incentives. The Program continues to work to assess the risk to 

new sources and systems, and to encourage protection.

 

FINISHED WATERS

Contact: Andy Tolman, DHHS Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, Drinking 

Water Program 

Tel: (207) 287-6191 email: andrews.l.tolman@maine.gov 

Related Website: www.medwp.com

The Drinking Water Program (DWP) is the front line enforcement agent of the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the rules and regulations set forth in the 

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The requirements of SDWA apply to the 

approximately 1900 public drinking water systems in Maine. There are 70 water 

systems that use surface water as their primary source and these all have water 

treatment systems and watershed protection programs. Of the approximately 1,800 

ground water systems, 876 have some form of treatment on-line (and this number is 

likely to continue to rise) while the remaining systems have no treatment and serve 

raw water. Water testing on finished water is the primary means for assessing public 

water system compliance while verifying the quality of water that is reaching 

consumers. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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146 

PRIVATE WELLS

Contact Andrew Smith, DHHS Maine CDC, Environmental and Occupational Health 

Program 

Tel: (207) 287-5189 email: andy.e.smith@maine.gov

Related Website: http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/wells/

The State of Maine has one of the highest per capita uses of domestic household wells 

for drinking water in the U.S. Based on data from Maine’s 2003 Behavioral Risk 

Factors Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), 52 percent of the state’s population relies on 

private domestic wells for their drinking water. Despite the fact that the majority of 

Maine residents obtain their drinking water from private household wells, the State 

does not have an environmental health services program focused specifically on 

meeting the needs of private well owners. 

Please refer to pages 162-167 of the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for additional information on Maine’s Wellhead Protection and 

Source Water Protection Programs, and Finished Water and Private Well information. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/index.htm

RADON

Contact: Bob Stilwell, DHHS Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, Radiation 

Control Program 

Tel: (207) 287-5698 (or 800-232-0842 in Maine) email: bob.stilwell@maine.gov

Related Website:

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/rad/radon/hp-radon.htm

Not all public health concerns that involve ground water are caused by pollution 

released from human activities. The presence of naturally occurring radioactive radon 

gas in ground water drawn from granite bedrock aquifers and overlying soils has long 

been recognized as a problem in Maine. Based on studies of miners and more 

recently on people living in homes with high radon concentrations, medical 

researchers have shown that high radon levels in air are associated with increased 

incidence of lung cancer. Radon in water supplies is a concern because radon is 

readily released into the air from water. Therefore the health concerns stems more 

from inhalation of the radon rather than drinking the water. A large number of Maine 

wells have radon concentrations that through normal household water use, release 

concentrations of radon into the air that are as high or higher than the concentrations 

associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer. 

The average concentration of radon in public or private water supplies in Maine ranges 

from 5,000 to 10,000 picocuries/Liter (pCi/L). The Maine State Toxicologist set a 

maximum exposure guideline (MEG) for radon in water of 4,000 pCi/l, effective 

January 1 2007. For private wells with radon in water concentrations between 4,000 

pCi/l and 10,000 pCi/l, the Toxicologist recommends investigation of the total radon 

risk in the structure from water and soil gas (air), then making a decision to reduce 

radon based on the amount of risk the occupants are willing to accept and the 

resources available for radon risk reduction. For private wells with radon 

concentrations of 10,000 pCi/l or higher in water, the guidance recommends reducing 

the radon in water concentration regardless of the radon in air concentration. The new 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

147 

radon in water MEG is also being used by the Drinking Water Program when 

evaluating new community water supplies and new non-transient, non-community 

water supplies. 

ARSENIC

Contacts: Robert Marvinney, State Geologist, Maine Geological Survey 

Tel: (207) 287-2804 email: robert.g.marvinney@maine.gov

or David Braley, DHHS, Maine CDC, Division of Environmental Health, Drinking Water 

Program 

Tel: (207) 287-5338 email: David.Braley@maine.gov

Related Websites: 

http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/water/resources/arsenic.htm

and http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/index.htm

Several types of cancer including skin and bladder cancer, along with other health 

problems have been linked to the occurrence of arsenic in drinking water. The current 

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic is 10 ppb (parts per billion) in drinking 

water. A 2010 study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Maine 

Center for Disease Control, reviewed nearly 14,000 well water analyses statewide, and 

determined that more than 25 percent of the wells sampled in 44 towns had arsenic 

concentrations in excess of 10 ppb. However, because these wells were self-selected 

by the homeowners for analysis, it is likely that the data are biased toward higher 

arsenic concentrations. It is likely that 10-15 percent of wells statewide have arsenic 

concentrations in excess of the MCL. Additional work by the Maine Geological Survey, 

Columbia University, and the U.S. Geological Survey on potential sources of arsenic in 

well water in central Maine strongly suggests that the local metamorphic bedrock is a 

significant source. However, potential anthropogenic sources cannot be ruled out in 

some areas. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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148 

CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY OF IMPAIRED WATERS

OVERVIEW

Chapter 8 was re-organized from the 2010 Integrated Report layout to facilitate readability. There are now f

each table is presented for each waterbody type assessed by Maine (rivers/streams, lakes/ponds, wetlands, 

waters). The four sets are: 1) New Listings (Tables 8-1 to 8-4); 2) New Delistings (8-5 to 8-8); 3) Status o

Waters (8-9 to 8-12); and 4) TMDL Current Project Update (8-13 to 8-16). For each item listed below, also s

in Appendices II-V as additional information may be presented there. 

NEW LISTINGS

 Table 8-1 New Rivers/Streams Listings This table provides a list of new impairments (Category 5 listings) as well new assessment units (AUs) that wer

impaired categories; the term ‘listings’ is therefore used in a general sense here. Note that several AU/caus

listed as impaired (Category 5-A) for the first time in the 2012 reporting cycle but subsequently delisted to Catecycle due to TMDL approval. See the ‘Comments’ column for more information. A ‘0’ in column ‘Category, 20

assessment unit was not listed in that year for that cause. Abbreviations used in column ‘Category, Other 201follows: A/P, (Algae) Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments; DO, Dissolved Oxygen; HA, Habitat AMI, Benthic-Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams); N/E, Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators; T

Total Phosphorus; S/S, Sedimentation/Siltation. 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0101000303_123R01 North Fork McLean Brook St Agatha, tributary to Fish River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 3 5-A (A/P) New listin

Life Use i2009 biol

ME0101000303_123R01 North Fork McLean Brook St Agatha, tributary to Fish River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 5-A (MI) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

149 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0101000303_124R01 Dickey Brook Tributary to Cross Lake/Fish River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 4-A 4-A (DO, N/E) 

New listinimpairme2009 bioImpairmeapproved and Daig

ME0101000304_128R01 Perley Brook (Fort Kent) 

Includes South Perley Bk and North Br Perley Bk; trib to Fish R 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 3 none 

New listinLife Use 2004 and monitorin

ME0101000411_137R01 Salmon Brook (Washburn) Tributary to Aroostook River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

based on monitorin

ME0101000412_140R02 Dudley Brook (Chapman) Tributary to North Branch Presque Isle Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 4-A (MI, TN, TP, S/S) New listin

Life Use 2009 bio

ME0101000412_140R04 

Hanson Brook- "Unnamed Stream (P.I. airport)" BioSta 743 

Tributary to Presque Isle Stream, draining the airport 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 5-A (MI) 

New listinimpairme2009 bio

ME0101000412_140R05 Kennedy Brook (Presque Isle) Tributary to Presque Isle Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 5-A none New listin

impairme2009 bio

ME0101000412_143R01 Everett Brook (Ft. Fairfield) Tributary to Aroostook River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 5-A (DO) New listin

Life Use 2009 bio

ME0101000412_143R02 Merrit Brook 

entering Aroostook R. from south, downstream of Presque Isle 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

3 5-A 5-A (A/P) New listin

impairme2009 bio

ME0101000412_143R02 Merrit Brook 

entering Aroostook R. from south, downstream of Presque Isle 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 5-A (MI) 

ME0101000413_146R02 Coloney Brook 

Fort Fairfield, tributary to Limestone Stream 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 5-A 5-A (A/P) New listin

impairme2009 bio
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

150 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0101000413_146R02 Coloney Brook 

Fort Fairfield, tributary to Limestone Stream 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 5-A (MI) 

ME0101000413_148R Aroostook River 

Main stem between confluence with Presque Isle Stream and 3 miles upstream of Caribou water supply intake 

N/A 2 3 none 

New listinLife Use observat

ME0101000413_148R01 Aroostook River (Caribou) 

Main stem between 3 miles upstream of 

Caribou water supply intake and 100 yards downstream of intake 

N/A 0 2 none 

New Assduring Arresegmewith wateMRSA Se

ME0101000413_148R02 Aroostook River 

Main stem between 100 yards downstream of Caribou water supply intake and international boundary 

N/A 0 2 none 

New Assduring Arresegmewith wateMRSA Se

ME0101000501_149R01 

Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

including L. Christina 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 

4-A (MI, 

DO, 

N/E) 

5-D 

(DDT) 

New listinimpairmeand 2009 data. ImEPA app

ME0101000501_150R 

Prestile Str and tributaries entering below dam in Mars Hill 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 3 

3 (A/P) 

5-D 

(DDT) New listin

Life Use 2009 bio

ME0101000501_150R 

Prestile Str and tributaries entering below dam in Mars Hill 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 3 

3 (MI) 

5-D 

(DDT) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

151 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0101000501_150R02 Rocky Brook Mars Hill, tributary to Prestile Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

Life Use 2004 and monitorin

ME0102000510_224R04 Birch Stream (Bangor) Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 4-A 4-A (MI) 

New listinimpairmeand 2006 data. ImEPA appfor this A

ME0102000510_224R07 Crooked Brook, Corinth Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 5-A none New listin

impairmeand 2011 data. 

ME0102000511_225R01_02 Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) Tributary to Penobscot River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 4-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

New listinimpairmeand 2011 data. SuA in this capproval 

ME0103000307_330R W Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Rt. 23 bridge in Hartland Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-A 5-D 5-A (dioxin) 

No currencontaminare legacfrom Catecycle for 

ME0103000312_333R03 Kennedy Brook (Augusta) Tributary to Kennebec River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 5-A 4-A (MI) 

New listinimpairme2007 bioSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0103000312_333R04 Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Augusta Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 4-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

New listinimpairme2007 bioSubsequthis cycle (see Tab
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

152 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus and Androscoggin R 

Sabattus River from limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 5-A 

5-A 

(DO, 

N/E) 

Newly creME01040existing ifrom orig

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus and Androscoggin R 

Sabattus River from limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 0 5-A 5-A (MI, DO) 

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus and Androscoggin R 

Sabattus River from limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R 

Oxygen, Dissolved 0 5-A 5-A (MI, N/E) 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 4-A (MI, HA, DO) 

New 5-A Use: biomshowed aattainmenClass C idelisted tTMDL ap

ME0104000210_420R04 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 2) to Androscoggin R 

Bio Sta 633 (TopshamDwnstrm of Rt. 24 crossing) 43.92470/69.95027 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 5-A 4-A (HA) 

New listinimpairme2008 bioSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0105000305_528R02 West Branch Sheepscot River Below Halls Corner, Rt 17/32 Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 5-A 2 (DO) 3 (MI) 5-A (E. coli) New listin

impairmeand 2005monitorin

ME0106000103_607R04 Piscataqua River (Falmouth)] Tributary to Presumpscot River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

Life Use 2005 and monitorin

ME0106000103_607R13 Tannery Brook (Gorham) Tributary to Little River in Gorham 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 3 none 

New listinLife Use 2010 bio(2010 Ca
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

153 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000103_607R13 Tannery Brook (Gorham) Tributary to Little River in Gorham Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none did not spME0106000104_611R02 Phillips Brook (Scarborough) Oxygen, Dissolved 0 5-A 4-A (HA) 

New listinimpairmeSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0106000105_607R11_01 

Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River 

 Oxygen, Dissolved 0 5-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

New listinimpairmeSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0106000105_607R11_01 

Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 4-A (MI, DO) 

New listinimpairme2004 datto 4-A in approval 

ME0106000105_607R11_02 

Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River 

 Oxygen, Dissolved 0 5-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

New listinimpairmeSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0106000105_607R11_02 

Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 4-A (MI, DO) 

New listinimpairme2004 datto 4-A in approval 

ME0106000105_610R01 Capisic Brook Portland 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 5-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

New listinimpairme2004 bioSubsequthis cycle (see Tab
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

154 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_610R07 

Red Brook (Scarborough, S Portland) 

Tributary to Long Creek 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-A 5-D 4-A (HA) 

No currencontaminare legacfrom Catecycle for 

ME0106000105_610R10 Stroudwater River (Gorham) Below South Branch Stroudwater River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

Life Use 2005 and monitorin

ME0106000106_602R02 

Mare Brook (Brunswick) and selected tributaries 

AU includes tributaries downstream of airport runway 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 5-A 4-A (HA) 

New listinimpairmemonitorinyears at mSubsequethis cycle (see Tabl

ME0106000106_602R03 Concord Gully (Freeport) Tributary to Harraseeket River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 5-A 4-A (MI, DO, HA) 5-A (E. coli) 

New listinimpairme2010 bioSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0106000106_612R01 Goosefare Brook above I-95 Goosefare Brook, Saco Escherichia coli 0 5-B none 

New listinContact R2011 bacincluded statewide (approve

ME0106000106_612R01_01 Goosefare Brook below I-95 Saco, Old Orchard Beach 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

0 5-A 

4-A 

(metals)

5-A (E. 

coli) 

New listinbased on data. Subin this cyapproval 
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155 

ADB Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000106_612R01_01 Goosefare Brook below I-95 Saco, Old Orchard Beach Escherichia coli 0 5-A 4-A (metals) 5-A (MI) 

New listinContact R2011 bacincluded statewide (approve

ME0106000211_616R07 Swan Pond Brook Trib, Biddeford Dayton and Biddeford Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

Life Use 2005 and monitorin

ME0106000301_622R03 Duck Brook and tributaries Arundel Escherichia coli 0 5-B none 

New listinContact R2011 bacincluded statewide (approve

ME0106000301_622R04 Kennebunk River (Arundel/Kennebunk) Ward Brook to Kennebunk Landing Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 0 3 none New listin

Life Use 2004 and monitorin

ME0106000304_625R04 Goodall Brook Upstream of Daylight Ave 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

3 4-A none 

New listinimpairmebiologicaSubsequthis cycle (see Tab

ME0106000304_625R04 Goodall Brook Upstream of Daylight Ave Habitat Assessment (Streams) 0 4-A none 
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156 

Table 8-2 New Lakes/Ponds Listings 

HUC Lake Name Lake ID Impaired Use 

Category Other Listing 

Categories 

having Lakes 

within this HUC 

Co

2010 2012 

ME 103000311 COCHNEWAGON P 3814 

Aquatic Life; Primary Contact; trophic trend/internal recycling 

3 5-A 2, 4a 

New listing for AquContact Use impaand 2011 monitoriwas treated with acycling of phosphothe effectiveness o

Table 8-3 New Wetlands Listings This table provides a list of new impairments (Category 5 listings) as well new assessment units (AUs) that were 

impaired categories; the term ‘listings’ is therefore used in a general sense here. Note that one AU/cause combwas listed as impaired (Category 5-A) for the first time in the 2012 reporting cycle but subsequently delisted to C

same cycle due to TMDL approval. See the ‘Comments’ column for more information. A ‘0’ in column ‘Categor

the assessment unit was not listed in that year for that cause. Abbreviations used in column ‘Category, Other 2

as follows: MI, Benthic-Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams); PCBs, Polychlorinated biphenyls. 

ADB Assessment Unit 

ID

Segment 

Name Location Cause

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_609R01_W026 Dole Brook 

Tributary to Presumpscot R, entering east of Rt. 302 in Portland, wetland stations W-025 and W026 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

3 5-A none 

New listing fimpairment bbiological moSubsequentcycle due to (see Table 8
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157 

ADB Assessment Unit 

ID

Segment 

Name Location Cause

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0101000501_149R_W200 

Tributary wetlands to Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

includes site W-200 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

0 3 none 

New listing fUse impairmbiological mo

ME0101000501_149R01_W203 

Prestile Stream wetlands above dam in Mars Hill 

Outlet of Christina Reservoir to dam in Mars Hill, including sites W-203 and W-204 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

0 3 5-D (DDT) New listing f

Use impairmbiological mo

ME0101000501_149R01_W203 

Prestile Stream wetlands above dam in Mars Hill 

Outlet of Christina Reservoir to dam in Mars Hill, including sites W-203 and W-204 

DDT 0 5-D 3 (MI) 

New listing fimpairment bmonitoring dcategory warelated river 

ME0102000205_2036_W226 

Widden Pond #2 Baxter State Park N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Between Corundel Pond and Sebasticook Lake, wetland site W-080 

Benzene 0 4-B 

4-B (MI)

5-D 

(dioxin, 

PCBs) New listings 

impairment bmonitoring dtheir categorthe related r

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Between Corundel Pond and Sebasticook Lake, wetland site W-080 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 0 5-D 4-B (MI, benzene) 

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Between Corundel Pond and Sebasticook Lake, wetland site W-080 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 0 5-D 4-B (MI, benzene) 

ME0104000209_415R_W178 

Bog Brook (Minot) N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d

ME0106000101_606R_W013 

Northwest River 

Wetland complex tributary to Sebago Lake; includes wetland stations W-013 and W-131 

N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based obiological mo

ME0106000102_603R_W002 

Unnamed Tributary to Royal River 

Wetland near Tufts/Weymouth Rd New Gloucester, wetland station W-002 

N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d
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158 

ADB Assessment Unit 

ID

Segment 

Name Location Cause

Category

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000103_607R_W033 

Morgan Meadow 

Above dam, includes wetland stations W-033 and W-225 

N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based obiological mo

ME0106000210_615R_W041 

Lake Arrowhead N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d

ME0106000301_3984_W217 Alewife Pond N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d

ME0106000302_623R_W211 

Carpenter Brook N/A 0 2 none 

New attainmUse based omonitoring d

ME0106000302_628R01_02_W054 

Unnamed Tributary to Mousam River 

Wetland Station W-054 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

3 5-A none 

New listing fimpairment bbiological mo

ME0106000302_628R01_W053 

Number One Pond wetlands (Sanford) 

Wetland station W-053 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

0 3 none 

New listing fUse impairm2010 biologi

Table 8-4 New Estuarine/Marine Waters Listings 

Waterbody 

ID Segment Description Cause

Category

Commen

2010 2012 Other 2012 

812-2 Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery) Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 3 1 5-A none New listing for Marine Life Use im

eelgrass areal extent and density since 1996. 

812-3 (DMR Area 1) 

Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island) Cause Unknown 3 1 5-A none New listing for Marine Life Use im

eelgrass areal extent and density since 1996. 

1 Waterbody ID was 812-1 in 2010 report.
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159 

NEW DELISTINGS

Tables 8-5 through 8-8 present specific Causes of impairment that have been removed from the list of Impair

List”] for the specified waterbody segments. Refer to the “Delisting” section on page 62, above, for an explaprocess. Segments may appear multiple times if multiple causes have been delisted. For each waterbody, t

2012 for the noted Cause is presented as well as information on whether the waterbody is also listed in 

assessment units that were delisted for reasons other than TMDL approval, delisting information is presented 

Delisting of Aquatic Life Use Impairment in Category 5-A Water to Category 4-b 

1) Penobscot River

Five segments on the freshwater portion on the mainstem of the Penobscot River between MattawaHampden/Orrington were listed in the 2010 Integrated Report in Category 5-A for Aquatic Life Use Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators (Table 1). The segments in que

of 94.23 miles and are all classified as Class B. Table 1 2010 Penobscot River Mainstem Segments in Category 5-A 

Assessment Unit ID Segment Name Location LengME0102000502_230R Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) Main stem, from Mattawamkeag R to Cambolasse Str ME0102000502_231R Penobscot R Main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R Main stem, from Piscataquis R to Orson Is ME0102000509_233R_01 Penobscot R Main stem, from Orson Is to Veazie Dam ME0102000513_234R02 Penobscot Main stem, Veazie Dam to Reeds Bk 

For Class B waterbodies, Maine’s Water Quality Standards (WQS; 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465 (3)(A) throu

‘The habitat must be characterized as unimpaired’, that ‘The dissolved oxygen content of Class B waters 

7 parts per million or 75% of saturation, whichever is higher, except that for the period from October 1st to 

ensure spawning and egg incubation of indigenous fish species, the 7-day mean dissolved oxygen con

less than 9.5 parts per million and the 1-day minimum dissolved oxygen concentration may not be lemillion in identified fish spawning areas.‘ and that ‘Discharges to Class B waters may not cause adverse im
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160 

that the receiving waters must be of sufficient quality to support all aquatic species indigenous to the redetrimental changes in the resident biological community.’. 

In May 2011, MDEP completed the ‘Penobscot River Phosphorus Wasteload Allocation’ (WLA) report w

from Millinocket to Medway (West Branch Penobscot River) and further down to Bangor/Brewer (mainstThe WLA report identified a total of four industrial dischargers and six significant municipal discha

phosphorus to these segments and in combination cause the observed aquatic life impairments. T

phosphorus limits for the industrial dischargers and MDEP determined that these reduced loadings w

eliminate eutrophic conditions along the entire freshwater portion of the river. Between March and May 

MEPDES (Maine Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) permits to all ten dischargers identified in texpected that the phosphorus limits established in the permits to industrial dischargers will result in 

aquatic life use impairments by 2016. Monitoring data collected in 2011 showed DO attainment in two 

river; preliminary analysis of 2012 data covering the majority of the river also indicate attainment of therefore proposes to delist the five Penobscot River segments specified in Table 1 (above) to Catereporting cycle. 

Delisting of Primary Contact and/or Aquatic Life Use Impairment in Categor

Category 2 

1) ‘Sebasticook River’ (Main stem, from Burnham bridge to Kennebec R, excluding site of former H

ME0103000309_332R). This assessment unit (AU) was previously described as "main stem, below co

Branches (excluding the Halifax Impd)"; the updated name clarifies the location of this AU, which is a 22.

river in Burnham, Unity/Clinton, Benton and Winslow. This AU and the adjacent upstream AU (Sebastico

E and W Branches to Burnham bridge, including Burnham impoundment’; ME0103000308_332R) were b

their combined length of 30.83 miles; in 2012, the AUs are listed with their correct respective lengths of 22 In Maine’s 2010 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, this Class C AU (ME010

listed as impaired (Category 5-A) for aquatic life use based on Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological IndOxygen data. The AU was also listed for fish consumption use (Category 5-A for dioxin, 5-D for PCBs) anContact Recreation use (Category 4-A for E. coli). In the 2012 reporting cycle, DEP proNutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators cause of the aquatic life use impairment from Category 5-A 
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161 

attainment of Maine’s narrative criteria for aquatic life use, supported by biological assessments and me

in water chemistry. Other listings for this AU will remain unchanged. 

Maine's Class C water quality standards require that the water quality must be "suitable...as habitat for 

life.” and that “Discharges to Class C waters may cause some changes to aquatic life, except that the rec

of sufficient quality to support all species of fish indigenous to the receiving waters and maintain the strthe resident biological community.” [38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465 (4)(A) and (C)] 

The original listing of this AU was likely based on MDEP monitoring data from 1979 and 1981 which show

(TP) values ranging from 37 to 110 ug/L with a mean (based on 12 data points) of 78 ug/L (P. Mitnik daflow conditions in the warmer parts of the growing season. The impairment was caused by historically 

water quality conditions upstream in Sebasticook Lake (Newport) whose watershed is heavily farmed. and/or cessation of municipal point source discharges, implementation of BMPs to control agricultura

pollution, and 18 years of annual fall lake flushing (to remove TP), inlake phosphorus concentrations 

reduced to levels ranging from 16 to 41 ug/L by 2000 (source: Sebasticook Lake TMDL). In 20

phosphorus-based TMDL for the lake (TMDL # 2468, approval date 3/8/01) which proposed a numbecontrols for agriculture, residential areas, roadways and other land uses. During the past decade (200measures (Secchi disk transparencies, average TP, average Chlorophyll-a) in the lake have continue

improvements. 

As a result of this upstream improvement in water quality, conditions in the river below the lake have 

MDEP monitoring data from 2007, 2009 and 2012 indicate markedly reduced nutrient levels between 3

impairment of the algal community in the river. Based on Maine’s narrative water quality criteria for aq

data explained above, MDEP therefore concludes that the Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators im

question no longer exists and should be removed from Category 5-A. 

2) Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R (ME0104000210_418R01) is an 11.4-mile se

Sabattus and Lisbon. In Maine’s 2010 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, this 

was listed as impaired (Category 5-A) for aquatic life use with causes Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Oxygen and Benthic-Macroinvertebrates Bioassessments. A review of the listings and underlying data cycle revealed that the macroinvertebrate listing was partially in error and MDEP therefore proposes t

impairment in one of two portions of the historic stream segment. The review also revealed that the AU 

both a statutory Class B and a statutory Class C stretch [38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §467, 1.D. and 1.D.(3)

remedied in the 2012 IR by splitting the existing AU into two. Coincidentally, the splitting of the existing rectify the erroneous macroinvertebrate listing. 
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162 

Biological monitoring data collected at 3 locations in the upstream, Class C, stretch of the historic AU 

years (total of 7 sampling events in 4 years) showed that the macroinvertebrate community attained Class 

in all instances. Biological monitoring data collected at 4 locations in the downstream, Class B, stretch o

the course of 18 years (total of 8 sampling events in 5 years) showed that the macroinvertebrate communB aquatic life criteria in 5 sampling events. The historic AU therefore incorrectly identified the upstream impaired macroinvertebrate community. To remedy both problems (mixed statutory class and partially incorrect macroinvertebrate impairment), tinto the following two new AUs in the 2012 IR: a) ME0104000210_418R01 (upstream): historic AU is renamed to ‘Sabattus River between Sabattus P 

(location description ‘From Sabattus Pond to limits of Lisbon urban area’), 9.1 miles, Class C, Catego

use with Causes Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators and Dissolved Oxygen. The cause Bent

Bioassessments has been delisted in 2012 because macroinvertebrates attain class C criteria. 

b) ME0104000210_418R03 (downstream): new AU, created in 2012, is named ‘Sabattus River betw

Androscoggin R’ (location description ‘From limits of the Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin River’

Category 5-A for aquatic life use with causes Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators, Dissolved 

Macroinvertebrates Bioassessments. 

3) Hermon Pond, located in Penobscot County, was listed for non-attainment of two designated uses, Aqu

Primary Contact, due to recurrent algal blooms. The surface area of the pond is approximately 440 acres, 

the pond approximately 31 times per year, maximum depth is 17 feet and average depth 10 feet. The po

both eutrophic and dystrophic (color average 73 Platinum-Cobalt Units). A significant portion of H

watershed is comprised of wetlands; recent data acquired from an adjacent wetland suggests that the 

with the wetlands. Results from a paleolimnological study indicate the existence of diatom indicator spe

eutrophic trophic conditions prior to settlement that are very similar to conditions that currently exist. 

trophic state is considered stable and in attainment of its classification. 

4) Hammond Pond, located in Penobscot County, was listed for non-attainment of two designated uses, Aq

Primary Contact due to recurrent algal blooms. The surface area of the pond is approximately 96 acres, 

the pond approximately 186 times per year, maximum depth is 15 feet and average depth 10 feet. The 

be both eutrophic and dystrophic (color average 67 Platinum-Cobalt Units). A significant portion of Hawatershed is comprised of wetlands; recent data acquired from an adjacent wetland suggests that the 
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163 

with the wetlands. In addition, the high flushing rate indicates that water from upstream Hermon Pond do

Hammond Pond. Results from a paleolimnological study on Hermon Pond indicate the existence of dia

representative of eutrophic trophic conditions prior to settlement that are very similar to conditions that 

downstream Hammond Pond’s trophic state is considered stable and in attainment of its classification. 

Listing of New Impairment Causes for Impaired Waters with Approved TMDLs (Ca

1) Dickey Brook (West Fork, East Fork and mainstem below the confluence of the two) in Fort Kent, Frenc

Cross Lake Township (ME0101000303_124R01) is a 19.5-mile Class B stream impaired for aquat

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators and Dissolved Oxygen data. Dickey Brook was moved from 

the 2006 reporting cycle due to a TMDL approved in 2006 for Cross Lake and Daigle Pond for Total 

30683, approval date 9/28/06). The TMDL was designed to address water quality stressors associated (NPS) runoff (nutrients and sediment) from agricultural fields, forestry operations and developed lan

residential development, septic systems).

In the 2012 listing cycle, DEP proposes to list an additional aquatic life use impairment cause for 

impairments in the algal community (periphyton indicator bioassessments). [Maine's Class B water quathat the water quality must be "suitable...as habitat for fish and other aquatic life. The habitat musunimpaired." Furthermore, "Discharges to Class B waters may not cause adverse impact to aquatic life 

waters must be of sufficient quality to support all aquatic species indigenous to the receiving water withouin the resident biological community." 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465(3)(A) and (C).] 

The primary stressors of the algal community in Dickey Brook are sediment and nutrients (Total Phoattributable to runoff from agricultural fields. The TMDL identified sediment from erosion as a contributor 

the watershed and specified watershed management efforts, best management practices, and educatio

part of its Phosphorus Control Action Plan to curb this form of NPS pollution. It is therefore anticipated twill address the recently identified impairments to the periphyton community. 

2) Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill (ME0101000501_149R01) Prestile Stream above dam in Mars H

Reservoir) in Easton, Presque Isle, Westfield and Mars Hill (ME0101000501_149R01) is a 15.78-mile Cla

for aquatic life use based on Benthic-Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments, Nutrient/Eutrophication Bio

Dissolved Oxygen data. This segment of Prestile Stream was moved from Category 5-A to 4-A in the 20

to a TMDL approved in 2010 for Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen and Sediment (TMDL # 38544-3
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164 

5/10/12). The TMDL was designed to address water quality stressors associated with non-point source (and sediment), primarily from agricultural fields but also from forestry practices, recreational activities and 

In the 2012 listing cycle, DEP proposes to list an additional aquatic life use impairment cause for thiStream due to impairments in the algal community (periphyton indicator bioassessments). [Maine's C

standards require that the water quality must be "suitable...as habitat for fish and other aquatic life. 

characterized as natural." 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465(2)(A).] The primary stressors of the algal community in this segment of Prestile Stream are excess nutrients (To

likely attributable to runoff from agricultural fields; sediment was identified as a secondary stressor (T. D

comm.). The TMDL identified nutrients and sediment from soil erosion from agricultural fields as impairments in the watershed and specified watershed management efforts, best managem

education/outreach actions (targeting agricultural land owners and municipal officials) as part of its Reco

this form of NPS pollution. It is therefore anticipated that the existing TMDL will address the recently idethe periphyton community. 

3) Birch Stream in Bangor (ME0102000510_224R04) is a 0.5-mile Class B stream impaired for aquatic life 

macroinvertebrate assessment. Birch Stream is already listed in Category 4-A due to a TMDL appImpervious Cover, Lead and Zinc (TMDL # 33160, approval date 9/12/07). The TMDL was designed to stressors associated with overall urban development and excessive stormwater runoff, and Birch Strea

moved from Category 5-A to 4-A in the 2008 listing cycle. In the 2012 listing cycle, DEP proposes to list an additional aquatic life use impairment cause for impairments in the algal community (periphyton indicator bioassessments). [Maine's Class B water quathat the water quality must be "suitable...as habitat for fish and other aquatic life. The habitat musunimpaired." Furthermore, "Discharges to Class B waters may not cause adverse impact to aquatic life 

waters must be of sufficient quality to support all aquatic species indigenous to the receiving water withouin the resident biological community." 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465(3)(A) and (C).] The primary stressors of the algal community in Birch Stream are excess nutrients, high specific con

hydrology, most likely attributable to runoff from impervious surfaces (there are no wastewater treatment p

watershed). Sources of stormwater in the watershed include Bangor International Airport, Maine Air Na

airport mall. Stormwater discharges are being regulated by ME DEP with its MS4 general permit, Mthrough implementation of the watershed management plan, and with oversight from EPA. It is therefoplanning, best management practices, and stream restoration actions associated with the existing TMDL’

address impairments to the periphyton community as well as the benthic community. 
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Delisting of Primary Contact and/or Aquatic Life Use Impairment in CategoCategory 2 

1) Boynton Brook in Bradley (AU ME0102000509_226R02) is a 3.06-mile Class A stream that is listed as imp

Secondary Contact Recreation due to Escherichia coli contamination. This assessment unit (AU) was inc

Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report in Category 5-B for bacteria-only impairmen

of Maine’s Statewide Bacteria TMDL on 9/28/09, Boynton Brook was moved to Category 4-A in the 2010 

Class A waterbodies, Maine’s Water Quality Standards [WQS; 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465 (2)(B)] stipucontent shall be as naturally occurs’. For assessment purposes, the numeric criteria of 29 MPN/100 ml 

and 194 MPN/100 ml for instantaneous level (the Class GPA standards for E. coli) are used as surroga

waterbodies1. For the purpose of determining WQS attainment with respect to Clean Water Act §30

geometric mean criterion is used (see Chapter 4, section Data Interpretation). In 2007, Boynton Brook was included in a statewide bacteria study and results indicated an overall geMPN/100 ml; this result was based on a limited amount of data (one site, a total of five results collected 

fact, the total number of samples did not comply with Maine DEP’s standard practice of requiring a minimbacteria samples for calculation of a geometric mean used (see Chapter 4, section Data Interpretati

conducted a more comprehensive investigation of the watershed (three sites, a total of fifteen result

months). Results showed that the geometric mean for the entire watershed was low (20 MPN/100 ml) comsurrogate criterion of 29 MPN/100 ml; furthermore, no samples exceeded the instantaneous level of 194 

therefore concludes that Boynton Brook attains water quality criteria for Primary and Secondary Contact Rremoved from the impaired streams list. 

2) Rock Brook2 in Camden (ME0105000220_522R02_01) is a 1.12-mile Class B stream that is listed as imp

Secondary Contact Recreation due to Escherichia coli contamination. This assessment unit (AU) was inc

Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report in Category 5-B for bacteria-only impairmen

of Maine’s Statewide Bacteria TMDL on 9/28/09, Rock Brook was moved to Category 4-A in the 2010 

Class B waterbodies, Maine’s Water Quality Standards [WQS; 38 MRSA, Chapter 3, §465 (4)(A) a

‘Between May 15th and September 30th, the number of Escherichia coli bacteria of human and domestic 

not exceed a geometric mean of 64 per 100 milliliters or an instantaneous level of 236 per 100 milliliter

1 Maine Statewide Bacteria TMDL, August 2009 (report # DEPLW-1002), Table 3-1. 2 Rock Brook is known as Unnamed Brook (Camden) in Maine Statewide Bacteria TMDL, August 2009 
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determining WQS attainment with respect to Clean Water Act §303(d) listings, only the geometric mean Chapter 4, section Data Interpretation). In 2007, Rock Brook was included in a statewide bacteria study and results indicated an overall geMPN/100 ml; this result was based on a limited amount of data (one site, a total of six results collected 

2010, MDEP conducted a more comprehensive investigation of the watershed (three sites, a total of six

over three months). Results showed that the geometric mean for the entire watershed was very lcompared to the relevant criterion of 64 MPN/100 ml. MDEP therefore concludes that Rock Brook attain

for Primary and Secondary Contact Recreation and can be removed from the impaired streams list. 

3) Echo Lake, located in Aroostook County, was listed for non-attainment of two designated uses, Aqu

Primary Contact, due to recurrent algal blooms. The surface area of the lake is approximately 90 acres, 

the lake approximately 4.5 times per year, maximum depth is 9 feet and average depth 5 feet. Echo 

shallow productive system and supported algal blooms most years prior to 2001. Since 2001, data indica

have not fallen below Maine’s 2 meter bloom threshold for at least six years. A comparison of data c

decade to the long term dataset suggests that the lake has improved considerably since data collection b

GPA classification. 

4) Little Cobbosseecontee Lake, located in Kennebec County, was listed for non-attainment of two designa

Support and Primary Contact, due to recurrent algal blooms. The surface area of the lake is approximflushes through the lake approximately 4.6 times per year, maximum depth is 33 feet and average dept1980s, Little Cobbosseecontee Lake supported algal blooms nearly every year. The lake has experienc

each subsequent decade. The lake remains a stable, eutrophic water and data indicate that it is now a

classification. 

Table 8-5 Rivers/Streams Delisted to Another Category A ‘0’ in column ‘Category, 2010’ indicates that the assessment unit (AU) was not listed in that year for that caAU/cause combinations were initially listed as impaired (Category 5-A) in the 2012 reporting cycle but subCategory 4-A in the same cycle due to TMDL approval; see Table 8-1 for more information. Abbreviations used 

Other 2012’ in Table 8-5 are as follows: A/P, (Algae) Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments; DO, D
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Habitat Assessment (Streams); MI, Benthic-Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams); N/E, Nutrient/Eut

Indicators; PCBs, Polychlorinated biphenyls. 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0102000502_230R 

Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) 

Main stem, from Mattawamkeag R to Cambolasse Str 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5-A 4-B 4-B (DO) TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000502_230R 

Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) 

Main stem, from Mattawamkeag R to Cambolasse Str 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-B 4-B (N/E) TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000502_231R Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (DO)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000502_231R Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (N/E)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Piscataquis R to Orson Is 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (DO)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Piscataquis R to Orson Is 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (N/E)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000509_226R02 Boynton Brook Bradley Escherichia coli 4-A 2 none 

Applicable WQS attained; reason for recovery unspecified 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

168 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0102000509_233R_01 Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Orson Is to Veazie Dam 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (DO)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000509_233R _01 Penobscot R Main stem, from Orson Is to Veazie Dam Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (N/E)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000510_224R05 

Capehart (Pushaw) Brook (Bangor) 

Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0102000510_224R06 

Arctic Brook (near Valley Ave, Bangor) 

Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0102000510_224R 06 

Arctic Brook (near Valley Ave, Bangor) 

Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0102000511_225R01_02 

Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) 

Tributary to Penobscot River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA, A/P) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0102000511_225R01_02 

Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) 

Tributary to Penobscot River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

ME0102000511_225R01_02 

Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) 

Tributary to Penobscot River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

ME0102000511_225R02 

Sucker Brook (Hampden) (formerly 'Unnamed St.-Hampden') 

Tributary to Penobscot R. entering from the west, in Hampden 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (DO) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

169 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0102000511_225R02 

Sucker Brook (Hampden) (formerly 'Unnamed St.-Hampden') 

Tributary to Penobscot R. entering from the west, in Hampden 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0102000513_234R02 Penobscot Main stem, Veazie Dam to Reeds Bk Nutrient/Eutrophic ation Biological Indicators 5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (DO)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0102000513_234R 02 Penobscot Main stem, Veazie Dam to Reeds Bk Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-B 

4-A 

(dioxin) 

4-B (N/E)

5-D 

(PCBs) 

TMDL Alternative (4B) 

ME0103000306_320R03 

Whitten Brook (Skowhegan) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, HA) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0103000306_320R 03 

Whitten Brook (Skowhegan) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, MI) 

ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River 

Main stem, from Burnham bridge to Kennebec R (excluding site of former Halifax Impd) 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5-A 2 

4-A 

(bacteria)

5-A (dioxin, 

DO) 

5-D (PCBs)

Applicable WQS attained; due to restoration activities 

ME0103000312_333R02 

Whitney Brook (Augusta) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, A/P) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0103000312_333R 02 

Whitney Brook (Augusta) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, MI) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

170 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0103000312_333R03 

Kennedy Brook (Augusta) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (A/P) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0103000312_333R 03 

Kennedy Brook (Augusta) 

Tributary to Kennebec River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0103000312_333R04 

Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Augusta 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA, P/A) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0103000312_333R04 

Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Augusta 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

ME0103000312_333R04 

Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Augusta 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

ME0104000208_413R04 

Logan Brook, Auburn 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, DO) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000208_413R 04 

Logan Brook, Auburn 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, HA) 

ME0104000210_418R01 

Sabattus River between Sabattus and Androscoggin R 

From Sabattus Pond to limits of Lisbon urban area 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

5-A 2 5-A (DO, N/E 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

ME0104000210_419R01 

Unnamed Brook (Biomon Sta. 347-Lisbon Falls at Rt 196) 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 

4-A (E. 

coli, HA, 

DO, A/P) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

171 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 

4-A (E. 

coli, MI, 

DO, A/P) 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-A 

4-A (E. 

coli, MI, 

HA, A/P) 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Tributary to Androscoggin River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 

4-A (E. 

coli, MI, 

HA, DO) 

ME0104000210_420R01 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 2) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 641 (near River Rd. Brunswick) 43.91538/69.98089 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000210_420R01 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 2) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 641 (near River Rd. Brunswick) 43.91538/69.98089 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0104000210_420R02 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 3) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 642 (near Water St. Brunswick) 43.92167/69.95586 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000210_420R02 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 3) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 642 (near Water St. Brunswick) 43.92167/69.95586 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0104000210_420R03 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 4) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 643 (near Jordan Ave., Brunswick) 43.91077/69.94130 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000210_420R03 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 4) to Androscoggin R 

Biomon Sta 643 (near Jordan Ave., Brunswick) 43.91077/69.94130 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

172 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0104000210_420R04 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 2) to Androscoggin R 

Bio Sta 633 (Topsham-Dwnstrm of Rt. 24 crossing) 43.92470/69.95027 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0104000210_420R04 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 2) to Androscoggin R 

Bio Sta 633 (Topsham-Dwnstrm of Rt. 24 crossing) 43.92470/69.95027 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0104000210_420R05 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 4) to Androscoggin 

BioSta 634; Drains Topsham Fair Mall 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0105000213_514R_01 

Card Brook (Ellsworth) 

Tributary to Union River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, DO) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0105000213_514R _01 

Card Brook (Ellsworth) 

Tributary to Union River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, MI) 

ME0105000220_522R02_01 

Rock Brook (formerly 'Unnamed Brook') (Camden) 

 Escherichia coli 4-A 2 none 

Applicable WQS attained; reason for recovery unspecified 

ME0106000104_611R02 

Phillips Brook (Scarborough) 

Tributary to Dunstan River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (DO) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000104_611R 02 

Phillips Brook (Scarborough) 

Tributary to Dunstan River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 0 4-A 4-A (HA) 

ME0106000105_607R11_01 

Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (DO, A/P) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000105_607R 11_01 

Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 0 4-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

173 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_607R11_01 

Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (MI, DO) 

ME0106000105_607R11_02 

Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (DO, A/P) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000105_607R11_02 

Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 0 4-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

ME0106000105_607R11_02 

Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River 

Tributary to Fore River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (MI, DO) 

ME0106000105_609R01 

Dole Brook (formerly known as 'Unnamed Stream- Portland 3') 

Tributary to Presumpscot R. entering east of Rt. 302 in Portland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000105_610R01 Capisic Brook Portland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA, A/P) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000105_610R01 Capisic Brook Portland 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI, A/P) 

ME0106000105_610R01 Capisic Brook Portland 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (MI, HA) 

ME0106000105_610R06 Kimball Brook 

South Portland, tributary to Fore River/Casco Bay 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000105_610R 06 Kimball Brook 

South Portland, tributary to Fore River/Casco Bay 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

174 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_610R07 

Red Brook (Scarborough, S Portland) 

Tributary to Long Creek 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 5-D (PCBs) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000106_602R01 Frost Gully Brook Freeport, tributary to Harrseeket River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, HA) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000106_602R 01 Frost Gully Brook Freeport, tributary to Harrseeket River Habitat Assessment (Streams) 5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli, MI) ME0106000106_602R02 

Mare Brook (Brunswick) and selected tributaries 

AU includes tributaries downstream of airport runway 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

0 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000106_602R02 

Mare Brook (Brunswick) and selected tributaries 

AU includes tributaries downstream of airport runway 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 4-A (MI) 

ME0106000106_602R03 

Concord Gully (Freeport) 

Tributary to Harraseeket River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 

4-A (HA, 

DO, A/P) 

5-A (E. 

coli) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000106_602R03 

Concord Gully (Freeport) 

Tributary to Harraseeket River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

5-A 4-A 

4-A (MI, 

DO, A/P) 

5-A (E. 

coli) 

ME0106000106_602R03 

Concord Gully (Freeport) 

Tributary to Harraseeket River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 5-A 4-A 

4-A (MI, 

HA, A/P) 

5-A (E. 

coli) 

ME0106000106_602R03 

Concord Gully (Freeport) 

Tributary to Harraseeket River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

0 4-A 

4-A (MI, 

HA, DO) 

5-A (E. 

coli) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

175 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID Segment Name Location Cause 

Category 

Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000106_612R01_01 

Goosefare Brook below I-95 

Saco, Old Orchard Beach 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

0 4-A 

4-A 

(metals) 

5-A (E. 

coli) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000211_616R05 

Thacher Bk (Biddeford) 

Tributary to Saco River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5-A 4-A 4-A (E. coli) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000304_625R04 

Goodall Brook (Sanford) 

Upstream of Daylight Ave 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

3 4-A 4-A (HA) TMDL 

approved or established by EPA (4A) 

ME0106000304_625R 04 

Goodall Brook (Sanford) 

Upstream of Daylight Ave 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

0 4-A 4-A (MI) 

Table 8-6 Lakes/Ponds Delisted to Another Category 

HUC Lake Name Lake ID Impaired Use 

Category 

Reason for Removal Delist

2010 2012 Other 2012 

0103000511 Hermon Pond 2286 Aquatic Life, Primary Contact 5-A 2 none Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

Paleo evidenceutrophic; moextensive wetsuggest that tequilibrium w

0103000511 Hammond Pond 2294 Aquatic Life, Primary Contact 5-A 2 none Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

Paleo evidenceutrophic; moextensive wetsuggest that tequilibrium w
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

176 

HUC Lake Name Lake ID Impaired Use 

Category 

Reason for Removal Delist

2010 2012 Other 2012 

0101000412 Echo L 1776 Aquatic Life, Primary Contact 4-A 2 none Applicable WQS attained Data obtained 

indicate improquality 

0103000311 Little Cobbosseecontee 8065 Aquatic Life, Primary Contact 4-A 2 none Applicable WQS attained Data obtained 

indicate improquality 

Table 8-7 Wetlands Delisted to Another Category Note that Dole Brook was initially listed as impaired (Category 5-A) in the 2012 reporting cycle but subsequently 

4-A in the same cycle due to TMDL approval; see Table 8-3 for more information. 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID 

Segment 

Name Location Cause 

Category Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_607R11_01_W127 

Nasons Brook Wetland Complex, Portland 

Wetland complex draining to Fore River including wetland station W-127 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

9/27StatCov

ME0106000105_607R11_02_W172 

Nasons Brook Wetland Complex, Westbrook 

Wetland complex draining to Fore River including wetland station W-172 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

9/27StatCov

ME0106000105_609R01_W026 

Dole Brook wetlands 

Tributary to Presumpscot R, entering east of Rt. 302 in Portland, wetland stations W025 and W026 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

3 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

9/27StatCov
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

177 

ADB Assessment 

Unit ID 

Segment 

Name Location Cause 

Category Reason for 

Removal 

2010 2012 Other 2012 

ME0106000105_610R01_W023 

Capisic Pond wetland 

Capisic Pond wetland stations W-023 and W-224 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

9/27StatCov

ME0106000211_616R05_W043 

Thacher Brook (Biddeford) wetland 

Wetland station W043, upstream (south) of Rt 111, Biddeford 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

5-A 4-A none 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

9/27StatCov

Table 8-8 Estuarine/Marine Waters Delisted to Another Category 

Waterbody ID AU Name Location Cause 

Category Reason for Removal Delisting C

2010 2012 Other 2012 

722-25B DMR Area 35-B 

Penobscot River Estuary (Reeds Brook to Marsh River) 

Winterport, Reeds Bk to Marsh River 

Fish consumption 3 2 4-A (bacteria) Presence of lobster not likely 

Initially included in coastwide consumption impairment due contamination. Determinatiolocation. 1992 survey and 20communication suggests occlobster unlikely in this segme
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

178 

STATUS OF DELISTED CATEGORY 5 WATERS

Table 8-9 Status of Delisted Category 5 Rivers/Streams This table presents the listing history (2002–2012) of Category 5 assessment units (AUs) that were delisted oveindicates AU/Cause combinations that changed Category during this cycle. 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000105_103R01 

Shields Branch of Big Black R Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 ME0101000121_117R St. John River at Madawaska Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0101000303_124R01 Dickey Brook 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2006 Submitte

Pond TM

‘02 EPA app

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0101000303_124R01 Dickey Brook Oxygen, Dissolved TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2006 

 '12 ME0101000303_124R 01 Dickey Brook 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/15/2006 

5/23/12 Life Use non-attabiomonicovered causes d

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0101000303_124R02 Daigle Brook 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2006 Submitte

Pond TM

‘02 EPA app

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0101000303_124R02 Daigle Brook Oxygen, Dissolved TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2006 

‘02 ‘04 ‘06- '12 ME0101000412_140R 01 

No. Br. Presque Isle Stream between Mapleton and Presque Isle 

Dissolved oxygen 

State Determines water quality standard is being met (Category 2) 8/31/2006 

Removal completeshowed abiocriteria Station 1Mapleton 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

179 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

’04 

-'08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000412_140R02 

Dudley Brook (Chapman) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 

EPA appTot. Phos

‘02 ‘06- '12 ME0101000413_142R 01 Caribou Stream 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Flaws in original listing (Category 3) 10/2006 

AdministBiocriteriinconsistnonattainonly. Subattainme

’02-

‘12 

ME0101000413_145R01 

Little Madawaska River 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Haz wastcomplete attain stasampling 

’02-

‘12 

ME0101000413_145R02 Greenlaw Brook Polychlorinated biphenyls 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 2002 

9/6/12 CGreenlaw remediatexpected 

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000413_146R01 Webster Brook Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

MonitorinTMDL indbacteria 

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000501_149R01 

Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL 5/10/2010 

EPA appdelisted t(inverteb

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000501_149R01 

Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

EPA approval of TMDL 5/10/2010 

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0101000501_149R01 

Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

Oxygen, dissolved EPA approval of TMDL 5/10/2010 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

180 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

 '12 ’04- ‘10 ME0101000501_149R 01 Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments EPA approval of TMDL 5/10/2010 

3/29/201aquatic (periphy2004 and stations covered 

(4C)

'02 '04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0102000103_201R02 

West Branch of Penobscot R below Seboomook Lake 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

State Determines water quality standard is being met (Category 2) 

UAA app2005 (FE11/31/20quality st

‘10

'12 

’02-

‘08 

ME0102000109_205R01 

West Branch Penobscot R main stem, below confluence with Millinocket Str 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 1/17/08 

2011 perare expeaquatic liExpected 

‘10

'12 

’02-

‘08 

ME0102000109_205R01 

West Branch Penobscot R main stem, below confluence with Millinocket Str 

Oxygen, dissolved 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 1/17/08 

2011 perare expeaquatic liExpected 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000110_205R03 

Millinocket Stream (Millinocket) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000402_219R_02 

Piscataquis River at Dover Foxcroft Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000403_215R_02 Sebec River at Milo Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘02-

'06 

‘08-

'12 

ME0102000403_215R01 

Sebec River at Milo above confluence with Piscataquis R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Applicable WQS attained due to restoration activities 

Previousnon-attaiThis segmResamplStation 8shows atbiocriteria
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

181 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘04 

‘02

'06-

'12 

ME0102000502_220R_01 

Mattanawcook Stream (Lincoln) Escherichia coli 

State determines water quality standard is being met (Category 2) 

CSO has multiple sthe Penosummer Stream cnumeric and bactCategory contaminconsumpsampling 

‘04 

‘02

'06-

'12 

ME0102000502_220R_01 

Mattanawcook Stream (Lincoln) Oxygen, dissolved 

State determines water quality standard is being met (Category 2) 

CSO has multiple sthe Penosummer Stream cnumeric and bactCategory contaminconsump

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 ME0102000502_230R 

Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Flaws in original listing of this cause (Category 2) 

Administsupport iassessmbenthic m2002 cyc

‘02

- 

'10 

 '12 ME0102000502_230R 

Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

‘02

- 

'10 

 '12 ME0102000502_230R 

Penobscot R-(Mattawamkeag to Cambolasse) 

Oxygen, Dissolved 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

182 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 ME0102000502_231R 

Penobscot R, main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Flaws in original listing of this cause (Category 2) 12/6/2006 

Administsupport iassessmbenthic m2002 cycbiocriteria 1995. 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 ME0102000502_231R 

Penobscot R, main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 8/1/2006 

Dioxin comonitorinDioxin dashowed nand belo

‘02

- 

'10 

 ‘12 ME0102000502_231R 

Penobscot R, main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

2011 perlimits arexisting impairm2016. 

‘02

- 

'10 

 ‘12 ME0102000502_231R 

Penobscot R, main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

‘04 ‘06- '12 ‘02 ME0102000503_221R 01 

Cold Stream (Enfield) downstream of hatchery 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 6/20/2006 

9/4/12: h12/7/11; Class A b(station S

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000506_222R01 

Costigan Str (Costigan) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘04 ‘06- '10 ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 8/1/2006 

Dioxin co
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

183 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'10 ‘12 ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

2011 perlimits arexisting impairm2016. '10 12 ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R Oxygen, Dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000509_226R01 

Otter Stream, Milford Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 ‘10 '12 ME0102000509_226R 02 Boynton Brook Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Delisted 

newer mattainme

'04-

'06 

'08-'12 

ME0102000509_233R_01 Penobscot R Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 2006 

Dioxin co

'10 ‘12 ME0102000509_233R _01 Penobscot R Nutrient/Eutrophic ation Biological Indicators Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected 

to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

2011 perlimits arexisting impairm2016. '10 ‘12 ME0102000509_233R _01 Penobscot R Oxygen, Dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000509_233R_02 

Penobscot River at Orono Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000509_233R_03 

Penobscot River at Old Town-Milford Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0102000510_224R02 

Kenduskeag Stream Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

‘02-

'06 

'08-

'12 

ME0102000510_224R04 

Birch Stream (Bangor) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/12/07 EPA app
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

184 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'12 ME0102000510_224R 04 Birch Stream (Bangor) 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/12/07 

3/20/12 Life Use non-atta2006, biocovered causes d

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0102000510_224R 05 Capehart (Pushaw) Brook (Bangor) Habitat Assessment (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 Approva

Impervio

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0102000510_224R 06 Arctic Brook (near Valley Ave, Bangor) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0102000510_224R 06 Arctic Brook (near Valley Ave, Bangor) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0102000511_225R 01_02 Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0102000511_225R 01_02 Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

 '12 ME0102000511_225R 01_02 Shaw Brook (Bangor, Hampden) Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0102000511_225R 02 

Sucker Brook (Hampden) (formerly 'Unnamed St.-Hampden') 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or 

established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0102000511_225R 02 

Sucker Brook (Hampden) (formerly 'Unnamed St.-Hampden') 

Oxygen, Dissolved 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

185 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘10

'12 

’02 

-‘08 ME0102000512_229R 

Penobscot R main stem, above Mattawamkeag R. 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

2011 perare expeaquatic liExpected 

‘10 '12 ’02 -‘08 ME0102000512_229R Penobscot R main stem, above Mattawamkeag R. Oxygen, dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 ME0102000513_234R Penobscot River Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-'12 

ME0102000513_234R02 Penobscot Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 

Dioxin co

'10 ‘12 ME0102000513_234R 02 Penobscot Nutrient/Eutrophic ation Biological Indicators Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected 

to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) May 2011 

2011 perlimits arexisting impairm2016. '10 ‘12 ME0102000513_234R 02 Penobscot Oxygen, dissolved 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0103000304_313R01 

Mill Stream (Embden) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 6/20/2006 

Hatchery exp. Date controls aexpected 

‘04 ‘06- '12 ‘02 ME0103000305_315R _02 

Unnamed Stream trib to Sandy R (Avon-Dunham Hatchery) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 6/20/2006 

Hatchery expiration now closare in pla2008; 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000306_320R02 Currier Brook Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000306_320R03 

Whitten Brook (Skowhegan) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

186 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0103000306_320R 03 Whitten Brook (Skowhegan) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0103000306_320R 03 Whitten Brook (Skowhegan) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000306_338R_02 

Kennebec River at Skowhegan, CSO Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000306_339R_03 

Kennebec River, near Fairfield Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

‘02-

'12 

ME0103000308_325R01 

East Branch Sebasticook River Corundel Pd to Sebasticook L (Corinna) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Haz wast(Superfuwastewatreatmenaquatic liExpected 

‘02- '12 ME0103000308_325R 01 

East Branch Sebasticook River, Corundel Pd to Sebasticook L (Corinna) 

Benzene 

‘06-

'12 

ME0103000308_331R01 

Martin Stream (Dixmont) 

Ammonia (Unionized) Other point source or nonpoint source 

controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 7/13/2006 

CAFO pepollution to attain 

‘06-

'12 

ME0103000308_331R01 

Martin Stream (Dixmont) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

Applicable WQS attained; due to restoration activities 

10/2/12 BiologicAquatic delisted data shoimpairm
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

187 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

(4C)

’02-

’08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000309_332R01 

Sebasticook River (Halifax impoundment) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Applicable WQS attained due to restoration activities 

BiomonitHalifax Dbiocriteria 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0103000310_322R01 

Fish Brook (Fairfield) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 8/30/2005 

EPA app

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0103000310_322R01 

Fish Brook (Fairfield) Oxygen, Dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000312_333R02 

Whitney Brook (Augusta) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'10 '12 ME0103000312_333R 02 Whitney Brook (Augusta) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

 ‘10 '12 ME0103000312_333R 02 Whitney Brook (Augusta) 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0103000312_333R 03 Kennedy Brook (Augusta) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

 '12 ME0103000312_333R 03 Kennedy Brook (Augusta) 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0103000312_333R 04 Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0103000312_333R 04 Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Habitat Assessment (Streams) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

188 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

 '12 ME0103000312_333R 04 Unnamed tributary to Bond Brook Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000312_339R_02 

Kennebec River at Waterville, CSO Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000312_340R_02 

Kennebec River at Augusta, including Riggs Brook- CSO 

Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000312_340R_03 

Kennebec River at Hallowell- CSO Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0103000312_340R_04 

Kennebec River at Gardiner-Randolph Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘04 ‘06 ‘08- '12 ME0104000206_423R 01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, Livermore impoundment 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Applicable WQS attained due to restoration activities 

EPA app(TMDL #Attained and attai2004, 20invertebrto 'WQS Also 4B lfor legac

‘04 ‘06 ‘08- '12 ME0104000206_423R 01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, Livermore impoundment 

Total Suspended Solids 

Applicable WQS attained due to restoration activities 

‘02-

'12 

ME0104000206_423R01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, Livermore impoundment 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Dioxin coAlso 5D contamin

‘02-

'12 

ME0104000207_412R02 House/Lively Brook Nitrogen (Total) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Waste (mby Conseexpected additionaattainme

'04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000208_413R01 

Jepson Brook (Lewiston) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

189 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000208_413R03 

Stetson Brook (Lewiston) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000208_413R04 

Logan Brook, Auburn Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0104000208_413R 04 Logan Brook, Auburn Habitat Assessment (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0104000208_413R 04 Logan Brook, Auburn Oxygen, Dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000208_413R07 

Gully Brook (Auburn) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

‘04 ‘06- '12 ‘02 ME0104000208_413R 08 Bobbin Mill Brook (Lake Auburn Outlet, Auburn) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) Flaws in original listing (Category 3) 3/9/05 

6/7/12: Cresults (amacroinvClass C conditionand 2008non-attaineeded timpairme

‘02-

'12 

ME0104000208_424R_01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Dioxin co

‘04 

‘06

- 

'10 

'12 ME0104000208_424R _01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

Algae blooms Other point source or nonpoint source 

controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) December 2012 

2012 percorrect eimpairm2017. ‘04 ‘06- 

'10 

'12 ME0104000208_424R _01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

BOD, Biochemical oxygen demand 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

190 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘04 

‘06

- 

'10 

'12 ME0104000208_424R _01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

‘04 

‘06

- 

'10 

'12 ME0104000208_424R _01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

Phosphorus 

‘04 

‘06

- 

'10 

'12 ME0104000208_424R _01 

Androscoggin R, main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam 

Total suspended solids 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000209_417R_02 

Little Androscoggin River at Mechanic Falls 

Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'04-

'10 '12 ME0104000210_418R 01 

Sabattus River between Sabattus and Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

Aquatic delisted classificbiomoni629, S-63

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000210_418R02 

No Name Brook (Lewiston) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_419R 01 

Unnamed Brook (Biomon Sta. 347-Lisbon Falls at Rt 196) 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000210_419R02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_419R 02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

191 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_419R 02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_419R 02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

 '12 ME0104000210_419R 02 

Hart Brook (Lewiston) A.K.A Dill Brook and including Goff Bk 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 01 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 2) to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 01 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 2) to Androscoggin R 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 02 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 3) to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 02 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 3) to Androscoggin R 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 03 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 4) to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 03 

Unnamed tributary (Brunswick 4) to Androscoggin R 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

192 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

 '12 ME0104000210_420R 04 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 2) to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 04 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 2) to Androscoggin R 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'10 '12 ME0104000210_420R 05 

Unnamed tributary (Topsham 4) to Androscoggin 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0104000210_425R_02 

Androscoggin River, LewistonAuburn Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘08-

'10 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000108_505R_02 

St. Croix R., Calais CSO Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

'12 

ME0105000201_507R01 Dennys River Polychlorinated biphenyls 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 9/5/2006 

Haz wast(Superfustandard

‘08

-'10 '12 ME0105000213_514R _01 Card Brook (Ellsworth) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0105000213_514R _01 Card Brook (Ellsworth) Oxygen, Dissolved 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0105000217_520R01 

Carleton Stream (Blue Hill) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 10/7/2004 

EPA app

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0105000217_520R01 

Carleton Stream (Blue Hill) Iron 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000220_522R01_01 

Megunticook River (Camden) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

193 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000220_522R02_01 

Rock Brook (formerly 'Unnamed Brook') (Camden) 

Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

5/24/12 to newer attainme7/28/201from 'UnRock Br

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000220_522R03 

Unnamed Brook (Rockport) Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

MonitorinTMDL indbacteria 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000220_522R04 

Unnamed Brook (Rockland) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

11/7/12: remedial address more wofuture to entire wa

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000305_528R01 

Sheepscot River at Alna Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

10-

'12 

ME0105000305_528R02 

West Branch Sheepscot River Escherichia coli 

’04’06‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000305_528R02 

West Branch Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved Applicable WQS attained; 

TMDL anmonitorinsegment standard

‘10

'12 

’04

’06‘08 

ME0105000305_528R02 

West Branch Sheepscot River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Insufficient information to determine if WQS attained 

Category biocriteria invertebr

‘12 ‘10 

’04

’06‘08 

ME0105000305_528R02 

West Branch Sheepscot River 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0105000305_528R03 

Dyer River below Rt 215 Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

194 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0105000305_528R08_02 

Sheepscot River below Sheepscot L Oxygen, Dissolved 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 6/20/2006 

8/6/12: h12/19/11Expected 2016. 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0106000101_605R01 Mile Brook (Casco) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 6/20/2006 

6/8/12: H5/2/12, eMacroinvClass C cupgrades 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0106000102_603R05 

Royal River, segment below Collyer Bk 

Drinking watertrichloroethylene 

State Determines water quality standard is being met (Category 2) 8/31/2006 

Per CERmanagermonitorintrichloroeother wamet in thgradient 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R03 

Colley Wright Brook (Windham) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R04 

Piscataqua River (Falmouth) Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

MonitorinTMDL indbacteria 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R04 

Piscataqua River (Falmouth) Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R06 

Hobbs Brook (Cumberland) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R07 

Inkhorn Brook (Westbrook) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R08 

Mosher Brook (Gorham) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R09 

Otter Brook (Windham) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R11 

Nason Brook (Gorham) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

195 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_607R12 

Pleasant River (Windham) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0106000103_609R_01 

Presumpscot R, main stem, below Sacarappa Dam 

BOD, Biochemical oxygen demand State Determines water 

quality standard is being met (Category 2) 8/31/2006 

Sources closed anbreachedshows atdissolved (Class B Hill dam 

‘02

'04 

‘06-

'12 

ME0106000103_609R_01 

Presumpscot R, main stem, below Sacarappa Dam 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000103_609R_02 

Presumpscot River at Westbrook Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0106000104_611R 02 Phillips Brook (Scarborough) Habitat Assessment (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

 '12 ME0106000104_611R 02 Phillips Brook (Scarborough) Oxygen, Dissolved 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_607R 11_01 Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

'12 ME0106000105_607R 11_01 Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River Oxygen, Dissolved 

 '12 ME0106000105_607R 11_01 Nasons Brook (Portland), trib to Fore River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_607R 11_02 Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

 '12 ME0106000105_607R 11_02 Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River Oxygen, Dissolved 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

196 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

 '12 ME0106000105_607R 11_02 Nasons Brook (Westbrook), trib to Fore River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_609R 01 

Dole Brook (formerly known as 'Unnamed Stream- Portland 3') 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_610R 01 Capisic Brook 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_610R 01 Capisic Brook Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

 '12 ME0106000105_610R 01 Capisic Brook 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘02-

'08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000105_610R03 

Long Creek (South Portland) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Other enforceable controls are in place 6/9, 2010. Expected to attain: 2020 

10/15/12process Long Cre4-B due tPermit, M(Novemb

‘02-

'08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000105_610R03 

Long Creek (South Portland) 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

‘02-

‘06 

‘08-

'12 

ME0106000105_610R05 

Trout Brook (So. Portland) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 10/25/2007 

EPA app(under buproject;) 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_610R 06 Kimball Brook 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

197 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_610R 06 Kimball Brook Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0106000105_610R 07 Red Brook (Scarborough, S Portland) Habitat Assessment (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 Approva

Impervio

‘02-

‘06 

‘08-

'12 

ME0106000105_610R09 Barberry Cr 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 6/21/2007 

EPA app(under buproject.) 

‘02-

‘06 

‘08-

'12 

ME0106000105_610R09 Barberry Cr 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 6/21/2007 

EPA app(under buproject.) 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000106_602R01 Frost Gully Brook Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 01 Frost Gully Brook 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 01 Frost Gully Brook Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

 '12 ME0106000106_602R 02 

Mare Brook (Brunswick) and selected tributaries 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) TMDL approved or established by EPA 

(4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘02

-'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 02 

Mare Brook (Brunswick) and selected tributaries 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 03 Concord Gully (Freeport) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘04

-'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 03 Concord Gully (Freeport) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

198 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'10 '12 ME0106000106_602R 03 Concord Gully (Freeport) Oxygen, Dissolved 

 '12 ME0106000106_602R 03 Concord Gully (Freeport) 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

‘04 '06- '12 ‘02 ME0106000106_607R 12 Norton Brook (Falmouth) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

Flaws in original listing of this cause (Category 3) 10/2006 

AdministMore datimpaired attainmebe due to needs re

 '12 ME0106000106_612R 01_01 Goosefare Brook below I-95 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

‘02 '04- '12 ME0106000106_612R 01_01 Goosefare Brook Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pd, Ni, Zn EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 9/29/2003 EPA app

name ch'below I-9

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000106_612R01_02 

Bear Brook, Saco CSO Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000106_616R04 Bear Bk Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

’04-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000204_618R01 Saco R., Fryeburg Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

MonitorinTMDL indbacteria 

’04’06‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000209_614R01 Ossippee R Escherichia coli 

Applicable WQS attained; original basis for listing was incorrect 

MonitorinTMDL indbacteria 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000211_616R02 Tappan Bk Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000211_616R03 Sawyer Bk Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘06

-'10 '12 ME0106000211_616R 05 Thacher Bk (Biddeford) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

199 

Category by Report Year

5 4A 4B 3 2 ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000211_616R05 

Thatcher Bk (Biddeford) Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000211_616R06 

Swan Pond Brook at South Street (Biddeford) 

Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'06-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000211_619R01 

Saco River at Biddeford-Saco Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000301_622R01 Kennebunk River Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

’06‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000301_622R02 

Lord's Brook (Lyman) 

BOD, Biochemical oxygen demand 

TMDL Alternative Court-ord

’06 ‘08 ‘10 '12 ME0106000301_622R 02 Lord's Brook (Lyman) Nutrient/Eutrophica tion Biological Indicators ’06‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000301_622R02 

Lord's Brook (Lyman) Oxygen, Dissolved 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000302_628R02 

Mousam River at Sanford Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 

 '12 ‘06 -'10 ME0106000304_625R 04 Goodall Brook (Sanford) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Streams) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

ApprovaImpervio

 '12 ME0106000304_625R 04 Goodall Brook (Sanford) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

'02-

‘08 

‘10

'12 

ME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R Escherichia coli TMDL approved by EPA (4A) 9/28/2009 Approval 

TMDL 

‘02-

'12 

ME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R Ammonia (Un- ionized) 

EPA approval of TMDL (Category 4A) 11/1/1999 

4-A EPA for BOD, 5B non-Clisting; 5D shows le

‘02-

'12 

ME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

‘02-

'12 

ME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R Oxygen, Dissolved 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

200 

Table 8-10 Status of Listed and Delisted Category 5 Lakes and Ponds 

Note that history (2000–2012) is provided for lakes that have been listed in Category 5 at any time since 2002 p

Region I staff. Bold font indicates AU/Cause combinations that changed Category during this cycle. 

Lake Town MIDAS Acres HUC10 

List Cat 

002

List Cat 

02 

List Cat 

04 

List Cat 

06 

List Cat 

08 

List Cat 

10 

List Cat 

12 

CHRISTINA RESERVOIR FT FAIRFIELD 9525 400 0101000501 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 5a 4a 4a 

12: StabTMDL M

LILLY P ROCKPORT 83 29 0105000220 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabNARROWS P (UPPER) WINTHROP 98 279 0103000311 (3) 5a 5a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 

12: Origi2005. D

ELL (L) P WELLS 119 32 0106000304 (5a) 3 2 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 

12: Delisrepeated 

ARNOLD BROOK L PRESQUE ISLE 409 395 0101000412 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabDAIGLE P NEW CANADA 1665 36 0101000303 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabCROSS L T17 R05 WELS 1674 2515 0101000303 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabECHO L PRESQUE ISLE 1776 90 0101000412 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 4a 4a 2 * 

12: ImprTMDL Fe

MADAWASKA L T16 R04 WELS 1802 1526 0101000413 (5a) 4a 4a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 

12: Stab2000 

MONSON P FT FAIRFIELD 1820 160 0101000413 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabSEBASTICOOK L NEWPORT 2264 4288 0103000308 (5a) 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: Slow HERMON P HERMON 2286 461 0102000511 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 2 

12: Stabnatural padjacent 

HAMMOND P HAMPDEN 2294 83 0102000511 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 5a 5a 2 

12: Stabnatural padjacent 

TOOTHAKER P PHILLIPS 2336 30 0103000305 (3) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabHIGHLAND L BRIDGTON 3454 1401 0106000101 (5a) 5a 5a 2* 2* 2* 2 * 

12: TMDpersisten

HIGHLAND (DUCK) L FALMOUTH 3734 634 0106000103 (5a) 5a 4a 4a 4a 2 * 2 * 12: TMD
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

201 

Lake Town MIDAS Acres HUC10 

List Cat 

002

List Cat 

02 

List Cat 

04 

List Cat 

06 

List Cat 

08 

List Cat 

10 

List Cat 

12 

SABATTUS P GREENE 3796 1962 0104000210 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: StabAugust 2

COCHNEWAGON P MONMOUTH 3814 410 0103000311 (2) 2 2 3 3 3 5a 12: new WILSON P WAYNE 3832 582 0103000311 (3) 3 2 5a 4a 4a 4a 

12: detetrophic p

MOUSAM L ACTON 3838 900 0106000302 (5a) 5a 4a 2* 2* 2 * 2 * 

12: Attaiverified. 

UNITY P UNITY 5172 2528 0103000309 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabLOVEJOY P ALBION 5176 324 0103000309 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabCOBBOSSEECONTEE L WINTHROP 5236 5543 0103000311 (5a) 4a 4a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 12: persPLEASANT (MUD) P GARDINER 5254 746 0103000311 (5a) 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: Stabcomplete 

LONG P BELGRADE 5272 2714 0103000310 (3) 3 3 5a 5a 4a 4a 

12: DeteGloeotricindicate 

GREAT P BELGRADE 5274 8239 0103000310 (3) 3 3 3 3 5a 5a 

12: DeteGloeotric

EAST P SMITHFIELD 5349 1823 0103000310 (5a) 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: bloomtrophic tr

WEBBER P VASSALBORO 5408 1201 0103000312 (5a) 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: Stab2003 

THREEMILE P CHINA 5416 1162 0103000312 (5a) 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: Stab2003 

THREECORNERED P AUGUSTA 5424 182 0103000312 (5a) 5a 4a 3 3 2 * 2 * 

12: TMDblooms 

CHINA L CHINA 5448 3845 0103000309 (5a) 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: Stab2001. 

DUCKPUDDLE P NOBLEBORO 5702 293 0105000303 (5a) 5a 5a 3 3 2 * 2 * 

12: Staboccasion

LONG L BRIDGTON 5780 4867 0106000101 (5a) 5a 5a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 

12: TMDstable tre

LITTLE COBBOSSEECONTEE WINTHROP 8065 75 0103000311 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 2 * 

12: Impr2005 

TRAFTON L LIMESTONE 9779 85 0101000413 (5a) 5a 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 12: Stab
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

202 

Lake Town MIDAS Acres HUC10 

List Cat 

002

List Cat 

02 

List Cat 

04 

List Cat 

06 

List Cat 

08 

List Cat 

10 

List Cat 

12 

TOGUS P AUGUSTA 9931 660 0103000312 (5a) 5a 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabSEWALL P ARROWSIC 9943 46 0105000307 (3) 3 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 12: StabANNABESSACOOK L MONMOUTH 9961 1420 0103000311 (5a) 5a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 

12: ImprTMDL 20

1 Non TMDL listing changes are summarized in Appendix III, Category Listing Change Summary 2 In 2000, current Listing Categories had not been established. Equivalent Listing Categories have been assigned for purposes of comparison. 

* Lakes currently listed in Category 2 do not appear individually in Appendix III but rather are included in the overall lake summary for the HUC. 

Table 8-11 Status of Delisted Category 5 Wetlands Wetlands were listed for the first time in the 2010 cycle. As a result, Table 8-11 only contains the listing history delisted from Category 5-A for the 2010 and 2012 cycles. For more detailed comments, consult Appendix IV, C

Category by Report Year ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date C

5 4A 4B 3 2

‘10 ‘12 ME0106000105_607R11_ 01_W127 Nasons Brook Wetland Complex, Portland Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 2010: im

determinwetland 

‘10 ‘12 ME0106000105_607R11_ 02_W172 Nasons Brook Wetland Complex, Westbrook Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 2010: im

determinwetland 

 ‘12 ‘10 ME0106000105_609R01_ W026 Dole Brook wetlands 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

Februarbiologicashowed 2000 an

‘10 ‘12 ME0106000105_610R01_ W023 Capisic Pond wetland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

203 

Category by Report Year ADB Assessment Unit # Water Name Cause Delisting Reason / Date C

5 4A 4B 3 2

‘10 ‘12 ME0106000211_616R05_ W043 Thacher Brook (Biddeford) wetland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

TMDL approved or established by EPA (4A) 9/27/12 

’10 

‘12 

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

Other point source or nonpoint source controls are expected to meet water quality standards (Category 4B) 3/15/2004 

Haz wasproject (removalpermit, rtreatmeSegmenlife criteExpecte2008. 

’10 

‘12 

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Benzene 

’10 

‘12 

ME0106000301_622R02_W176 

Lord's Brook Pond wetland 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

TMDL Alternative Court-or

place 2

Table 8-12 Status of Delisted Category 5 Marine/Estuarine Waters A history table similar to tables 8-9 to 8-11 for other waterbody types has not been previously compiled for mariIn the 2010 reporting cycle, a large number of marine/estuarine waterbodies were delisted from Category 5-A, 5

Category 4-A due to EPA approval of a Statewide Bacteria TMDL (9/28/2009). In the 2010 Integrated Report, t

were solely listed in Appendix V and a reference to that location was provided in Table 8-3 (‘2008 Category 5/TM

Estuarine/Marine Waters not on 2010 Category 5/TMDL List’). These waters, as well as waters previously delis

to 4-B, continue to reside in the same category in the current reporting cycle. Please consult Appendix V, Categthe list of those waters. As explained in the section ‘Summary of Statewide Status’ for Estuaries/Coastal Waters (page 94, above), MDE

assessment unit (AU) codes similar to what is used for freshwaters (i.e. consisting of a HUC identifier and a wat

to be used in the 2014 reporting cycle. Because of this upcoming change in reporting, MDEP has elected not to 

table for marine/estuarine waters for the current cycle. In the 2014 cycle, we will present a cross-walk between 

codes as well as a listing history for recently delisted waters. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

204 

TMDL DEVELOPMENT STATUS

Table 8-13 Rivers/Streams TMDL Current Project Update 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0101000105_103R01 Shields Branch of Big Black R Mainstem Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Canadian POTW discharge 

ME0101000412_140R03_02 

N Br Presque Isle Stream 

Tributary to Presque Isle Stream DDT 5-D listed for legacy polluta

DDT 

ME0101000412_140R04 

Hanson Brook- "Unnamed Stream (P.I. airport)" BioSta 743 

Tributary to Presque Isle Stream, draining the airport 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

5/29/12: consider for future impervious cover TMDL, need additional information on airport runoff 

ME0101000412_140R04 

Hanson Brook- "Unnamed Stream (P.I. airport)" BioSta 743 

Tributary to Presque Isle Stream, draining the airport 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

ME0101000412_140R05 Kennedy Brook (Presque Isle) Tributary to Presque Isle Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments ME0101000412_143R01 Everett Brook (Ft. Fairfield) Tributary to Aroostook River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/23/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0101000412_143R02 Merrit Brook 

Entering Aroostook R. from south, downstream of Presque Isle 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/23/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0101000412_143R02 Merrit Brook 

Entering Aroostook R. from south, downstream of Presque Isle 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

ME0101000413_146R02 Coloney Brook Fort Fairfield, tributary to Limestone Stream Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/23/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0101000413_146R02 Coloney Brook Fort Fairfield, tributary to Limestone Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments ME0101000501_149R 

Minor tributaries to Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill 

 DDT 5-D listed for legacy polluta

DDT 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

205 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0101000501_149R01 Prestile Stream above dam in Mars Hill Including Christina Reservoir DDT 5-D listed for legacy polluta

- DDT 

ME0101000501_150R 

Prestile Str and tributaries entering below dam in Mars Hill 

 DDT 5-D legacy pollutant 

ME0101000504_152R01_01 Meduxnekeag River Below confluence with S Branch DDT Legacy pollution ME0102000402_219R01 Piscataquis R Main stem, below Dover Foxcroft Oxygen, Dissolved 

10/19/11 Monitoring for DO 2010 still showing impairment; probably algae problems. Need low flow data to complete TMDL. 

ME0102000404_216R01_01 

W. Br. Pleasant R (KIW Twp) Iron 

5/29/12: Monitoring indicatepotentially natural conditionconsider future delisting. 

ME0102000404_216R01_02 Blood Bk (KIW Twp) Tributary to West Branch Pleasant River Iron 5/29/12: Monitoring indicate

potentially natural conditionconsider future delisting. 

ME0102000502_231R Penobscot R 

Main stem, from Cambolasse Str to Piscataquis R 

Polychlorinated biphenyls Legacy pollutant- 5-D 

ME0102000506_222R01 Costigan Brook (Milford) Tributary to Penobscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 

8/21/12: Low DO probably due to natural causes (wetlands); mostly forested watershed. Collect more data. 

ME0102000506_232R Penobscot R Main stem, from Piscataquis R to Orson Is Polychlorinated biphenyls Legacy pollutant- 5-D ME0102000509_233R_01 Penobscot R Main stem, from Orson Is to Veazie Dam Polychlorinated biphenyls Category 5-D for legacy PC

contamination 

ME0102000510_224R01 Burnham Brook (Garland) Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0102000510_224R03 French Stream (Exeter) Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

206 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0102000510_224R03 French Stream (Exeter) Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments ME0102000510_224R07 Crooked Brook, Corinth Tributary to Kenduskeag Stream Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 8/23/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0102000513_226R03 

Penjajawoc Stream (Bangor) Meadow Bk (Bangor) 

Tributaries to Penobscot River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/31/12: Watershed Plan 

complete: implementation iunderway; completed TMDon hold pending further evaluation. 

ME0102000513_226R03 

Penjajawoc Stream (Bangor) Meadow Bk (Bangor) 

Tributaries to Penobscot River 

Habitat Assessment (Streams) 

ME0102000513_226R03 

Penjajawoc Stream (Bangor) Meadow Bk (Bangor) 

Tributaries to Penobscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 

ME0102000513_234R02 Penobscot Main stem, Veazie Dam to Reeds Bk Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D-legacy PCBs ME0103000305_319R_02 Sandy R, Main stem, segment below Farmington WWTP Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 6/11/12: Plan to collect additional data to further assess and determine P 

limits. 

ME0103000305_319R_02 Sandy R, Main stem, segment below Farmington WWTP Oxygen, Dissolved ME0103000306_314R02 Cold Stream (Skowhegan) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments Monitoring in 2006; TMDL not started ME0103000306_320R04 Mill Stream (Norridgewock) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments ME0103000306_338R_04 Kennebec R, 

Main stem, from Carrabassett R to FairfieldSkowhegan boundary Polychlorinated biphenyls Not started- legacy PCB problem 

ME0103000306_339R_02 Kennebec R, 

Main stem, from FairfieldSkowhegan boundary to Sebasticook R 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

Not started- legacy PCB problem 

ME0103000307_330R W Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Rt. 23 bridge in Hartland Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) TMDL not started 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

207 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0103000307_330R W Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Rt. 23 bridge in Hartland Polychlorinated biphenyls 10/29/12: No current sourc

of contamination, remaininPCBs are legacy pollutants 

ME0103000308_325R01 

East Branch Sebasticook River Corundel L to Sebasticook L 

Corinna Superfund site Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

5-D listed, legacy pollutant 

ME0103000308_325R01 

East Branch Sebasticook River Corundel L to Sebasticook L 

Corinna Superfund site Polychlorinated biphenyls 

ME0103000308_325R02 Brackett Brook (Palmyra) Tributary to East Branch Sebasticook River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0103000308_325R03 Mulligan Stream (St. Albans) Below Mulligan Stream Dam, to Sebasticook Lake Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0103000308_331R E Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Sebasticook Lake Oxygen, Dissolved 6/11/12: Eutrophic lake source. Total Phosphorus 

and Chl a levels in the lake have decreased in the pasdecade. 

ME0103000308_331R E Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Sebasticook Lake Phosphorus (Total) ME0103000308_331R E Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Sebasticook Lake Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 5-D listed, legacy pollutant ME0103000308_331R E Branch of Sebasticook R Main stem, below Sebasticook Lake Polychlorinated biphenyls ME0103000308_332R Sebasticook R 

Main stem, from E and W Branches to Burnham bridge, including Burnham impoundment 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) low priority 

ME0103000308_332R Sebasticook R 

Main stem, from E and W Branches to Burnham bridge, including Burnham impoundment 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

5-D, legacy PCB contamination 

ME0103000309_327R01 Mill Stream (Albion) Tributary to Fifteenmile Stream Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

208 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River 

Main stem, from Burnham bridge to Kennebec R (excluding site of former Halifax Impd) 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

Legacy upstream sources (W.Br. Sebasticook); TMDnot started 

ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River 

Main stem, from Burnham bridge to Kennebec R (excluding site of former Halifax Impd) 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

10/19/11: Impairment likely due to Benton impoundmegood candidate for monitoring to confirm or reject continued DO impairment. No recent monitoring data. 

ME0103000309_332R Sebasticook River 

Main stem, from Burnham bridge to Kennebec R (excluding site of former Halifax Impd) 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

5-D, legacy upstream sources (W. Br. Sebasticoo

ME0103000309_332R01 

Sebasticook River (site of former Halifax impoundment) 

Tributary to Kennebec River Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 

ME0103000309_332R01 

Sebasticook River (site of former Halifax impoundment) 

Tributary to Kennebec River Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, legacy upstream sources (W. Br. Sebasticoo

ME0103000311_334R03 Jock Stream (Wales) 

Tributary to Cobbosseecontee Lake/Stream 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0103000311_334R03 Jock Stream (Wales) 

Tributary to Cobbosseecontee Lake/Stream 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

ME0103000311_334R04 Mill Stream (Winthrop) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

6/11/12: TMDL monitoring 2005 & 2010, EPA assistance monitoring 201biomonitoring in 2004; toxispill probable source 

ME0103000311_334R04 Mill Stream (Winthrop) Cause Unknown ME0103000311_334R05 Cobbossee Stream (Gardiner) Tributary to Kennebec River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

209 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0103000311_334R05 Cobbossee Stream (Gardiner) Tributary to Kennebec River Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments ME0103000312_333R01_02 Bond Brook mainstem 

From confluence of Spring and Tanning Brook to tidal influence 

Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 

 

ME0103000312_335R03 Meadow Brook (Farmingdale) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/29/12: Probably due to Habitat & Flow ME0103000312_339R_01 Kennebec R, 

Main stem, from Sebasticook R to Augusta (Calumet Bridge) 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

not started- legacy PCB contamination 

ME0103000312_340R_01 Kennebec R, 

Main stem, from Augusta (Calumet Bridge) to Merrymeeting Bay (Chops) 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

not started- legacy PCB contamination 

ME0103000312_427R Merrymeeting Bay 

including tidal portions of tributaries from the Androscoggin R to The Chops 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

not started- legacy PCB contamination; 5-D listed 

ME0103000324_333R_02 Spring Brook (Augusta) From Gov Hill fish hatchery to Mt Vernon Rd, Augusta Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 10/26/12: Pursue permittin

actions to improve conditions. 

ME0103000324_333R_02 Spring Brook (Augusta) From Gov Hill fish hatchery to Mt Vernon Rd, Augusta Phosphorus (Total) ME0104000201_421R Androscoggin R Main stem, from Maine-NH border to Wild R Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000202_421R Androscoggin R Main stem, above Rumford Point Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000204_421R Androscoggin R Main stem, from Rumford Pt to Virginia Bridge Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000204_422R Androscoggin R Main stem, from Virginia bridge to Webb R Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000205_410R01_02 Whitney Brook (Canton) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

 

ME0104000205_422R Androscoggin R Main stem, Webb R to Riley dam Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

210 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0104000206_423R Androscoggin R Main stem, from Riley Dam to Nezinscot R Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000206_423R01 Androscoggin R Main stem, Livermore impoundment Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000208_413R01 Jepson Brook (Lewiston) Tributary to Androscoggin River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 6/11/12: Develop TMDL as 

precursor to potential Use Attainability Analysis 

ME0104000208_413R01 Jepson Brook (Lewiston) Tributary to Androscoggin River Habitat Assessment (Streams) ME0104000208_413R01 Jepson Brook (Lewiston) Tributary to Androscoggin River Oxygen, Dissolved ME0104000208_413R03 Stetson Brook (Lewiston) Tributary to Androscoggin River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0104000208_413R07 Gully Brook (Auburn) Oxygen, Dissolved 

5/29/12: Mostly urban: include in future % Impervious Cover TMDL 

ME0104000208_424R Androscoggin R, 

Main stem, from confluence of Nezinscot R to confluence with Little Androscoggin R, except Gulf Island Pond 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant 

ME0104000208_424R_01 Androscoggin R, GIP Main stem, upstream of the Gulf Island Dam Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000210_413R02 Penley Brook (Auburn) Tributary to Androscoggin River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0104000210_418R01 

Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R 

From Sabattus Pond to limits of Lisbon urban area 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5/1/12: Sabattus Pond eutrophic and source of SOin river; lake TMDL comple2004; slow recovery is expected. 

ME0104000210_418R01 

Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R 

From Sabattus Pond to limits of Lisbon urban area Oxygen, Dissolved 

ME0104000210_418R02 No Name Brook (Lewiston) Tributary to Sabattus River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

211 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R 

From limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5/1/12: effects from legacy pollutants, habitat and development as well as nutrients/DO on macroinvertebrates 

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R 

From limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R 

Nutrient/Eutrophication Biological Indicators 

5/1/12: Sabattus Pond eutrophic and source of SOin river; lake TMDL comple2004; slow recovery is expected. 

ME0104000210_418R03 

Sabattus River between Sabattus P and Androscoggin R 

From limits of Lisbon urban area to Androscoggin R Oxygen, Dissolved 

ME0104000210_419R03 

Unnamed Stream (Lewiston Municipal Landfill) 

Biomon Sta 857 affected by Lewiston Municipal Landfill near Plourde Pky 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

 

ME0104000210_425R_01 Androscoggin R, 

Main stem, from L Androscoggin R to Pejepscot Dam 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant 

ME0104000210_425R_01_01 Androscoggin R, Main stem, from Pejepscot Dam to Brunswick Dam Fish-Passage Barrier ME0104000210_425R_01_01 Androscoggin R, Main stem, from Pejepscot Dam to Brunswick Dam Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant ME0104000210_426R Androscoggin R 

Main stem, from Brunswick Dam to Brunswick-Bath boundary 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D, PCB legacy pollutant 

ME0105000209_512R_02 McCoy Brook (Deblois) Tributary to Narraguagus River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments Legacy effect from abandoned peat mining - lo

pH 

ME0105000209_512R_02 McCoy Brook (Deblois) Tributary to Narraguagus River pH ME0105000209_512R_03 

Great Falls Branch, Schoodic Stream (Deblois) 

Tributary to Narraguagus River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

 

ME0105000218_521R01 Warren Brook (Belfast) Tributary to Passagassawakeag River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

212 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0105000305_528R02 West Branch Sheepscot River Below Halls Corner, Rt 17/32 Escherichia coli 

8/30/12: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09). 

ME0105000305_528R02 West Branch Sheepscot River Below Halls Corner, Rt 17/32 Periphyton (Aufwuchs) Indicator Bioassessments 8/30/12: Potential natural impairment due to low flowME0105000305_528R03 Dyer River below Rt 215 Tributary to Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0105000305_528R04 Trout Brook (Alna) Tributary to Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0105000305_528R05 Meadow Bk (Whitefield) Tributary to West Branch Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0105000305_528R06 Carlton Bk (Whitefield) Tributary to Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0105000305_528R07 Choate Bk (Windsor) Tributary to West Branch Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0105000305_528R08_01 

Chamberlain Bk (Whitefield) 

Tributary to Sheepscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 

5/29/12: Will be included in Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000102_603R02 Chandler River including East Branch Tributary to Royal River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000102_603R06 Cole Brook (Gray) 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

 

ME0106000103_607R01 Black Brook (Windham) Tributary to Presumpscot River Escherichia coli 

4/13/10: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09) 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

213 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0106000103_607R01 Black Brook (Windham) Tributary to Presumpscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R03 Colley Wright Brook (Windham) Tributary to Presumpscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R06 Hobbs Brook (Cumberland) Tributary to Piscataqua River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R07 Inkhorn Brook (Westbrook) Tributary to Presumpscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R08 Mosher Brook (Gorham) Tributary to Presumpscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R09 Otter Brook (Windham) Tributary to Presumpscot River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R10 Thayer Brook Gray, tributary to Pleasant River Oxygen, Dissolved 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000103_607R12 Pleasant River (Windham) 

Mainstem of Pleasant River from Thayer Brook to confluence with Presumpscot R 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

5/29/12: Will be included in Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000105_610R02 Clark Brook (Westbrook) Oxygen, Dissolved ME0106000105_610R04 Stroudwater River (Portland, Westbrook) Tributary to Fore River and Casco Bay Oxygen, Dissolved 

ADD: 0/19/11: Candidate fmonitoring to re-confirm or refute dissolved oxygen noattainment. 

ME0106000105_610R07 

Red Brook (Scarborough, S Portland) 

Tributary to Long Creek Polychlorinated biphenyls 10/29/12: No current sourc

of contamination, remaininPCBs are legacy pollutants 

ME0106000105_610R08 Fall Bk (Portland) Habitat Assessment (Streams) 6/11/12: Develop TMDL as precursor to potential Use Attainability Analysis 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

214 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0106000106_602R03 Concord Gully (Freeport) Tributary to Harraseeket River Escherichia coli 

2/16/12: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09). 

ME0106000106_612R01 Goosefare Brook above I-95 Goosefare Brook, Saco Escherichia coli 

2/16/12: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09). 

ME0106000106_612R01_01 

Goosefare Brook below I-95 Saco, Old Orchard Beach Escherichia coli 

2/16/12: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09). 

ME0106000210_615R01 Little Ossippee R 

Segment from Lake Arrowhead (Ledgemere) Dam to Saco River 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/31/12: Impairment likely due to upstream 

impoundment 

ME0106000210_615R01 Little Ossippee R 

Segment from Lake Arrowhead (Ledgemere) Dam to Saco River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

ME0106000210_615R02 Brown Brook (Limerick) Sokokis Lake to Lake Arrowhead Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 6/11/12: TMDL monitoring 

2005 & 2010, EPA assistance monitoring 201biomonitoring in 2005 and 2010; toxic spill probable source. 

ME0106000210_615R02 Brown Brook (Limerick) Sokokis Lake to Lake Arrowhead Habitat Assessment (Streams) ME0106000211_616R Wales Pond Brook (Hollis) Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 6/21/12: Not started; needs re-sampling ME0106000301_622R03 Duck Brook and tributaries Arundel Escherichia coli 

4/5/12: Will be included in future update to statewide bacteria TMDL (approved 9/28/09). 

ME0106000303_624R01 Stevens Brook (Wells, Ogunquit) 

Only portion flowing in westerly-to-easterly direction, to start of wetland section 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5/29/12: Will be included in Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

215 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Status 

ME0106000304_625R01 Adams Brook (Berwick) Tributary to Lovers Brook and Great Works River Benthic- Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments 5/29/12: Will be included in 

Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000304_625R03 West Brook (N. Berwick) 

From 0.1 miles above Bragdon Rd to confluence with Great Works River 

1,1-Dichloroethane 5/29/12: Remediation of original contaminant sourc

has occurred; attenuation ocontaminant concentration expected over time; monitoring continues. 

ME0106000304_625R03 West Brook (N. Berwick) 

From 0.1 miles above Bragdon Rd to confluence with Great Works River 

1,2-Dichloroethane 

ME0106000304_625R03 West Brook (N. Berwick) 

From 0.1 miles above Bragdon Rd to confluence with Great Works River 

Oxygen, Dissolved 

5/29/12: Will be included in Statewide NPS TMDL wheanalysis is complete. 

ME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R Main stem, from Route 9 to tidewater Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) Not started; legacy pollutanME0106000305_630R01 Salmon Falls R Main stem, from Route 9 to tidewater Polychlorinated biphenyls 

Table 8-14 Lakes/Ponds TMDL Current Project Update 

HUC Lake Lake ID Cause Project Status Priority * 

ME0103000310 Great Pond 5274 Total phosphorus; Secchi disk transparency Included in TMDL for downstream lake (Long P, TMDL 2008) thus low priority 2 ME0103000311 Cochnewagon Pond 3814 Total phosphorus; Secchi disk transparency Listed this cycle 1 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

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216 

Table 8-15 Wetland TMDL Current Project Update 

Assessment Unit ID AU Name Location Description Cause Project Statu

ME0101000501_149R01_W203 

Prestile Stream wetlands above dam in Mars Hill Including sites W-203 and W-204 DDT 5-D listed for legacy po

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Between Corundel Pond and Sebasticook Lake, wetland site W-080 

Dioxin (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD) 5-D listed for legacy po

ME0103000308_325R01_W080 

East Branch Sebasticook River Wetland 

Between Corundel Pond and Sebasticook Lake, wetland site W-080 

Polychlorinated biphenyls 5-D listed for legacy po

ME0104000210_418R01_W188 

Sabattus River Wetland, between Sabattus P and Rt 126 

Wetland site W-188, between Sabattus Pond and Rt 126 in Sabattus 

BenthicMacroinvertebrate Bioassessments 

5/1/12: Sabattus Pond and source of SOD in TMDL complete 2004; recovery expected. Updated, revised modreport completed 2006 

ME0106000302_628R01_02_W054 

Unnamed tributary wetland to Mousam River, Sanford 

Wetland Station W-054 

Benthic - Macroinvertebrate Bioassessments (Wetlands) 

Not started 

Table 8-16 Estuarine/Marine Current TMDL Project Update 

Waterbody 

ID Segment Description Cause Project Status 

812-2 Piscataqua R. Estuary (Eliot, Kittery) Nutrient/ Eutrophication Biological Indicators TMDL dictated by NH licensing and ME nitrogen criteria processes. 812-3 Portsmouth Harbor (south and west of Gerrish Island) Cause Unknown TMDL contingent on identification of impairment cause(s); data collection planned for summer 2014 811-9 Mousam River Estuary (DMR Area 6) Dissolved Oxygen Modeling report complete 811-8 Saco R. Estuary Toxicity, Copper Further data collection required 804-7 Fore R. Estuary Marine life, Toxics Further data collection required 

802-25 Royal R. Estuary Dissolved Oxygen Further data collection required 
2012 Maine Integrated Water Quality Report

Maine DEP 2012 305(b) Report and 303(d) List 

217 

CHAPTER 9 ACCESSING AND MANAGING DATA USED IN MAKING DECISIONS 

ON STATUS OF WATERS

MAINE DEP QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Contact: John Silvestri, DEP Quality Assurance Manager, Office of the Commissioner 

Tel: (207) 287-7830 email: John.Silvestri@maine.gov

Related Website: www.maine.gov/dep/about/planning.html

• Please refer to pages 191-192 the 2006 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and 

Assessment Report for complete information and details on this subject. 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/water/monitoring/305b/2006/2006_Final_305b_Report.pdf 

Data used in making decisions on the status of Maine waters are collected, analyzed, 

and evaluated according to the standards contained in the Department's QMP or 

Quality Management Plan (Revision 4, as approved by EPA-New England, October 

2011). The Plan documents DEP’s Quality Management System (QMS) which applies 

to all program areas and activities in the Maine DEP. The QMS uses a rigorous 

internal second-party audit approach to managing for quality, in addition to programlevel QA/QC activities. The latter are documented in Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) developed and implemented for each program area. SOPs are included in all 

Quality Assurance Project/Program Plans (QAPPs) applicable to environmental data 

gathering and analysis. Maine DEP has received delegated authority from EPA-New 

England (Memorandum of Understanding 7/24/09) to review and approve most QAPPs 

related to environmental data used in making decisions on status of waters 

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS DATABASE (EGAD) 

Contact: Susanne Meidel, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 441-3612 email: Susanne.K.Meidel@maine.gov

Groundwater Contact: Mark Holden, DEP BLWQ, Division of Environmental 

Assessment (DEA) 

Tel: (207) 215-1691 email: Mark.K.Holden@maine.gov

Related Websites: http://www.maine.gov/dep/maps-data/egad/index.html and 

http://www.maine.gov/dep/gis/datamaps/index.htm (for access to MDEP data via 

Google Earth projects on the internet)

The Maine Environmental and Geographic Analysis Database (EGAD) stores site and 

water quality information in a relational database using Oracle technology and spatial 

locations using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Spatial Database 

Engine (SDE) software. The database includes data from groundwater and surface 

water samples as well as sediment and biological samples and other pertinent 

information. To date (January 2012), data from the following MDEP programs 

involved in monitoring activities has been incorporated: Environmental Geology, 

Biological Monitoring, SWAT (Surface Water Ambient Toxics; freshwater and marine), 

Dioxin Monitoring, Rivers-Stream TMDL, Rivers-Modeling, Rivers-Salmon, and Maine 

Healthy Beaches; data from the Lakes Assessment program has been partly 

incorporated. There are a total of 20,959 sampling sites in the database and a total of 

8.1 million samples each of which has one to many results records; ~3.1 million of 
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these samples are used in water quality assessments in general. Approximately 450 

groundwater sites and 150 surface water sites are added to the database every year. 

Data collected by MDEP staff or submitted by contractors or laboratories are loaded to 

EGAD using a standard EDD (Electronic Data Deliverable) which offers automated 

quality control. The EGAD system allows complete integration of all data via spatial 

relationships. Database functionalities exist to assess trends in water quality 

information, satisfy requests for data, assist in answering inquiries, provide automated 

analysis, and enable customized reporting and map-making. The database allows 

rapid access to information which is critical for emergency response for hazardous 

materials spills. MDEP staff can also geo-locate, browse and access all EGAD data 

together with related site and monitoring information on the Internet via several 

Google Earth projects. The ability to access a large variety of data quickly, easily and 

in a number of different formats allows staff to identify resources that require 

protection, such as lakes, streams, or municipal or private wells, and to target 

monitoring efforts. 

Water quality assessment results are stored in Maine’s version of the EPA 

Assessment Database (ADB) and a link to an ArcMap project shows geo-referenced 

assessment units and the water quality geodatabase. MDEP envisions that all raw 

water quality data in support of the Integrated Report will ultimately be stored in 

EGAD. The GIS-facilitated link to ADB assessments will ultimately allow for waterbody 

assessments via a fully geo-referenced Maine ADB.

Since 2008, Maine water quality data stored in EGAD have been exported to national 

EPA databases (STORET, PRAWN) via WQX, the Water Quality Exchange system; to 

date data from the SWAT, River-Stream TMDL, and Maine Healthy Beaches

programs have been transferred to WQX. Like MDEP staff, the public can also 

access Maine surface and groundwater data as well as related site and monitoring 

information data via Google Earth. 

Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Utilizing GIS and the 

National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) 

Contacts: Vicki Schmidt, BLWQ GIS Unit 

Tel: (207) 485-1482 email: Vicki.l.schmidt@maine.gov 

Doug Suitor, BLWQ GIS Unit 

Tel: (207) 441-6616 email: douglas.suitor@maine.gov 

The MDEP Bureau of Land & Water Quality is highly active in designing, creating, and 

maintaining hydrologic and terrestrial spatial data for use in water quality decision 

making programs for the State of Maine. Our primary objective over the last year 

(2011) has been to establish and maintain The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) 

as Maine’s primary surface water dataset. The MDEP Bureau of Land & Water Quality 

has a staff person who serves as one of the States two NHD data stewards. 

Additionally working in conjunction with additional MDEP GIS staff, we are 

incorporating water quality information into a NHD compatible format. Using the NHD 

with the NHD compatible data it is possible to study relationships between the surface 

waters and linked datasets. To promote use of the NHD, staff has created on-line 

tutorials for internal staff as well as outside users of the NHD. 
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219 

The NHD, as well as all supporting spatial data sets regarding water quality, are 

housed at the Maine Office of GIS (MEGIS) for efficient on-line access through the 

MEGIS Internet Data Catalog (http://megis.maine.gov/catalog). The MEGIS Internet 

Data Catalog is provided at no cost and is supported by Maine’s Legislative initiative 

(L.D. 2116 "An Act to Establish the Maine Library of Geographic Information (Chapter 

649). The initiative established data custodians within Departments to organize, 

catalog, and provide access to public geographic information to all levels of 

government and to the public. The MDEP and BL&WQ are responsible for 

disseminating spatial components of water quality information and analysis activities. 

These programs will ensure easy access and retrieval of water quality information for 

MDEP users as well as State and national users of Maine’s GIS water quality 

information. 

LISTINGS ON INDIVIDUAL WATERS 

See Appendices II through V (separate document) for listing information on specific 

waters. Appendices include assessments for rivers/streams, lakes, wetlands and 

estuarine waters.