Third District Court of Appeal

State of Florida 

Opinion filed February 3, 2021.

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

________________

No. 3D20-0149

Lower Tribunal No. 19-3215A

________________

Alexander Martinez-Rivero,

Appellant,

vs.

The State of Florida,

Appellee.

An appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Miguel M. de 

la O, Judge.

Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender, and Manuel Alvarez, Assistant 

Public Defender, for appellant.

Ashley Moody, Attorney General, and Kayla Heather McNab, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee.

Before MILLER, GORDO, and BOKOR, JJ. 

MILLER, J.
2

Appellant, Alexander Martinez-Rivero, challenges his conviction for 

possession of an antishoplifting device countermeasure in violation of 

section 812.015(7), Florida Statutes. On appeal, Martinez-Rivero contends 

the lower court erred in failing to grant his motion for judgment of acquittal 

because the magnetic block and metal hook recovered during his arrest do 

not fall within the clear proscription of the statute. We discern no error and 

affirm.

BACKGROUND

After exiting a retail establishment located within an enclosed shopping 

mall, Martinez-Rivero and his wife were detained upon suspicion of 

shoplifting. A search of the couple yielded numerous items of stolen 

merchandise devoid of security sensors, along with a metal hook, appended 

to a key ring, and a weighty magnetic device. 

Martinez-Rivero was arrested and later charged by information with

grand theft and possession of an antishoplifting device countermeasure. He

entered a plea of not guilty and the case proceeded to trial before a jury. 

At trial, Giovanni Irving, an asset protection officer, testified that, on the 

day of the incident, he was alerted to suspicious activity in an area of the 

store housing designer collections. There, he observed Martinez-Rivero 

enter a fitting room and heard a sound consistent with that emitted by the
3

removal of anti-theft security tag sensors. Upon Martinez-Rivero’s departure 

from the room, Irving discovered several discarded sensors strewn about a 

seating unit and the floor. 

Bianca McBean, a store employee, confirmed the clothing found in 

Martinez-Rivero’s possession lacked sensors. She further testified the 

magnetic device recovered from Martinez-Rivero was effective at removing

Hawkeye security ink tags, whereas the metal hook served to detach pin 

security sensors. A local law enforcement officer, Carmen Manning-Brown, 

corroborated this testimony, opining the metal hook was designed to remove 

sensors from clothing.

Following the close of the State’s case in chief, Martinez-Rivero moved 

for a judgment of acquittal, asserting the devices were ordinary items, hence, 

excluded from the purview of the relevant statute. The trial court reserved 

ruling. Martinez-Rivero was convicted, as charged, and the court, ultimately, 

denied the motion. The instant appeal ensued. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

“A trial court’s ruling on a motion for judgment of acquittal is reviewed 

de novo to determine whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support the 

jury’s verdict.” State v. Burrows, 940 So. 2d 1259, 1261 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006)

(citation omitted). In conducting this review, the district court is charged with 
4

determining “whether the jury may reasonably conclude that the evidence 

fails to exclude every reasonable hypothesis but that of guilt.” Corpuz v. 

State, 733 So. 2d 1048, 1049 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999) (citation omitted). “If the 

State has presented competent evidence to establish every element of the 

crime, then a judgment of acquittal is improper.” State v. Williams, 742 So.

2d 509, 511 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999) (citation omitted).

ANALYSIS

Section 812.015(7), Florida Statutes, provides, “[i]t is unlawful to 

possess, or use or attempt to use, any antishoplifting or inventory control 

device countermeasure within any premises used for the retail purchase or 

sale of any merchandise.” Possession of such a device is a third-degree 

felony. § 812.015(7), Fla. Stat. 

Under the statutory scheme, an “[a]ntishoplifting or inventory control 

device” is described as “a mechanism or other device designed and operated 

for the purpose of detecting the removal from a mercantile establishment or 

similar enclosure, or from a protected area within such an enclosure, of 

specially marked or tagged merchandise.” § 812.015(1)(h), Fla. Stat.

Relying upon State v. Blunt, 744 So. 2d 1258 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999), 

Martinez-Rivero contends the magnetic device and hook are ordinary

objects, hence, they are not designed or manufactured for the purpose of 
5

defeating inventory control devices and fall outside the ambit of the statute. 

In Blunt, this court determined aluminum foil used to counteract the 

effectiveness of security tags could not be deemed an antishoplifting device 

countermeasure, as it was not specifically “designed, manufactured, 

modified, or altered” for the sole purpose of defeating a shoplifting or 

inventory control device. Id. at 1259. We find the facts in the instant dispute

distinguishable.

“As with any question of statutory interpretation, our analysis begins 

with the plain language of the statute.” Jimenez v. Quarterman, 555 U.S. 

113, 118, 129 S. Ct. 681, 685, 172 L. Ed. 2d 475 (2009) (citation omitted). 

“When the language of a statute is clear and unambiguous and conveys a 

clear and definite meaning,” that is also where our analysis ends. 

Tallahassee Mem. Reg’l Med. Ctr. v. Tallahassee Med. Ctr., Inc., 681 So. 2d 

826, 830 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996) (citation omitted).

Under Florida law, an “[a]ntishoplifting or inventory control device 

countermeasure” is defined as “any item or device which is designed, 

manufactured, modified, or altered to defeat any antishoplifting or inventory 

control device.” § 812.015(1)(i), Fla. Stat. Given the lack of qualifying 

adverbs, the definition does not easily lend itself to the narrow interpretation 

urged. See T.M.H. v. D.M.T., 79 So. 3d 787, 812 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) 
6

affirmed in part, disapproved in part by 129 So. 3d 320 (Fla. 2013) (Lawson, 

J., dissenting) (“Where the legislature could have chosen to write a statute a 

different way, but did not do so, courts cannot disregard language the 

legislature chose to use, or add additional terms.”) (citing Regency Towers 

Owners Ass’n v. Pettigrew, 436 So. 2d 266, 268 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983); Atl. 

Coast Line R.R. Co. v. Boyd, 102 So. 2d 709, 712 (Fla. 1958)). 

Regardless, while ordinary items, including magnets and hooks, are 

certainly susceptible to a variety of uses, some innocent and others illicit, 

here, the metal objects recovered from Martinez-Rivero were far from 

garden-variety. Multiple witnesses attested the objects were designed for 

use in removing sensors. Further, a demonstration before the jury, complete 

with testimony, was had to establish the hook was virtually indistinguishable 

from a device used to remove security tags within the retail community. 

Finally, the magnetic device was termed a “Hawkeye,” rather than a mere 

magnet, by the asset protection officer.

Under these circumstances, we conclude the jury was well-within its 

discretion in concluding the objects were prohibited by the plain language of 

the statute. Accordingly, we find no error in the denial of the motion for 

judgment of acquittal and affirm. See Cenatis v. State, 120 So. 3d 41 (Fla. 

4th DCA 2013).
7

Affirmed.