CO2 Geological Storage:

Lesson Learned from In Salah 

Iain Wright (CO

2 Project Manager, BP Group Tec

SBSTA M

e

e

tin

g Bonn

May 20th 2006
Agenda

• CCS Benefits• CCS Challenges• The In Salah Project (Algeria

– How In Salah is addressing th

• Summary
Technology Options for Stabilization

The Stabilisation Wedge

Emissi

o

n traject

ory to achieve 5

0

0

p

p

m

Emissi

o

n traject

ory BAU

1 GtC

Slices of the Stabilisation Wedge
CCS 2006: Key Challenges

1. Reducing the Costs

– Mainly Capture, Capital Cost and Efficienc– Targe

t: $20-30/t CO

2

2. Is it Legal?

• Long-term S

torage Integrit

y

• Legal & Regulato

ry Frame

w

o

rks

3. Can y

ou get Paid? 

•

P

olicy F

r

a

mew

o

r

k

s

• Market Eligi

bility (CDM,ETS) 

4. Public Acceptance

}In } 
Three Projects at In Salah

• In Salah P

roject(s) Overview

– In Salah Gas Dev

elopment (1bcf/d $

– In Salah CO

2 Storage (1mmtpa 

– In Salah CO

2 Assur

ance R&D (CSLF & EU 
–In Salah Gas Deve

•

(1bcf/d $2,000 m
In Salah Gas Project

Krechba

Teg

Reg

Garet elBefinat Hassi Moumene

In Salah

Gour Mahmoud

Proposed ISG Pipeline

REB

Hassi BirRekaiz

Hassi Messaoud

Hassi R’Mel

Tiguentourine (BP)

02151093

Algiers

Tangiers

Lisbon

Cordoba

Cartagena

M

O

R

O CCO

A L G E R I

A

S P A I

N

L I B Y

A

MAURITANIA MAL I

Skikda

Tunis

N I

G E R

In Salah Gas 

Project

Krechb

a

Re

g

Garet el

Befinat

In S

a

38” 

24” 

24” 62k

m

Krechb

a

Re

g

Garet el

Befinat

In S

a

38” 

24” 

24” 62k

m
In Salah Gas Processing Plant

Import Gas Pipeline from 

Teguentour and Reg

Ex

CO

2 Storage 

Pipeline to Krechba
–In Salah CO2 Stor

•1mmtpa $100 mill
In Salah: 25-Year CO

2 Profile

0

200,000400,000600,000800,000

1,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Year

Tonnes

Venting - WVenting - SFlaring -

P

Fugitives - CombustioCombustioCombustioCombustio

• Onl

y the separated (yellow

) CO

2

will 

the combustion CO

2 (blue) will be ve
In Salah CO2 Storage

• Industrial Scale Demonstration o

Geological Storage (Convention

• Started Storage in August 2004• 1mmtpa CO2 Stored (17mm tonn

• $100mm Incremental Cost ($6/tC

– No Commercial Benefit

• Test-bed for CO2 Monitoring Tec
In Salah CO2 Storage Operatio

G a s

C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir

~ 2 0 m e t r e s th i c k

C a r b o n if e r o u s M u d s t o n e s

~ 9 5 0 m e tr e s t h i c k

C r e t a c e o u s S a n d s t o n e s &

M u d s t o n e s ~9 00 m e tr e s

t h i c k ( R e g i o n a l A q u if e r ) 4 G a s

P r o d u c t i o n

W e lls

3 

In j e 

W 

P r o c e ssi n g F a c il it i e s

A m i n e C O 2

R e m o v a l

The CO 2 S t o r a g e S c h e m e

a t K r e c h b a

G a s

C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir

~ 2 0 m e t r e s th i c k

C a r b o n if e r o u s M u d s t o n e s

~ 9 5 0 m e tr e s t h i c k

C r e t a c e o u s S a n d s t o n e s &

M u d s t o n e s ~9 00 m e tr e s

t h i c k ( R e g i o n a l A q u if e r ) 4 G a s

P r o d u c t i o n

W e lls

3 

In j e 

W 

P r o c e ssi n g F a c il it i e s

A m i n e C O 2

R e m o v a l

The CO 2 S t o r a g e S c h e m e

a t K r e c h b a

G a s

C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir

~ 2 0 m e t r e s th i c k

C a r b o n if e r o u s M u d s t o n e s

~ 9 5 0 m e tr e s t h i c k

C r e t a c e o u s S a n d s t o n e s &

M u d s t o n e s ~9 00 m e tr e s

t h i c k ( R e g i o n a l A q u if e r ) 4 G a s

P r o d u c t i o n

W e lls

3 

In j e 

W 

P r o c e ssi n g F a c il it i e s

A m i n e C O 2

R e m o v a l

G a s

C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir

~ 2 0 m e t r e s th i c k

C a r b o n if e r o u s M u d s t o n e s

~ 9 5 0 m e tr e s t h i c k

C r e t a c e o u s S a n d s t o n e s &

M u d s t o n e s ~9 00 m e tr e s

t h i c k ( R e g i o n a l A q u if e r ) 4 G a s

P r o d u c t i o n

W e lls

3 

In j e 

W 

P r o c e ssi n g F a c il it i e s

A m i n e C O 2

R e m o v a l

G a s

C a r b o n if e r o u s R e s e r v o ir

~ 2 0 m e t r e s th i c k

C a r b o n if e r o u s M u d s t o n e s

~ 9 5 0 m e tr e s t h i c k

C r e t a c e o u s S a n d s t o n e s &

M u d s t o n e s ~9 00 m e tr e s

t h i c k ( R e g i o n a l A q u if e r ) 4 G a s

P r o d u c t i o n

W e lls

3 

In j e 

W 

P r o c e ssi n g F a c il it i e s

A m i n e C O 2

R e m o v a l

The CO 2 S t o r a g e S c h e m e

a t K r e c h b a
Krechba Field

Kb-CB

Kb-CA

Spheroid: Clarke 1880Projection: UTM Zone 31NDatum: N Sahara 1959

First Gas Development Well Locations

Production Well

0 Meters 5000

Kb-7

Kb-10

Kb-CC

Kb-6

Kb-CE

Kb-501

Kb-1

Kb-503

Kb-502

Kb-5

Kb-9z

Kb-8

Kb-4

Kb-2

Gas-Water Contact

 1330 metres below Mean Sea Level

~1800 metres below Ground Level

Full Gas Column

420000 430000

32100003220000

3230000

Kb-503

Kb-501

Kb-11

Kb-14

Kb-12

Kb-13

Kb-502

Injectors

Producers

Reservoir Surfac
CO2 Storage Infrastructure

50mmscf/d C

O

2

(1m

mtpa

)

CompressionTransportation InjectionStorage
Power Plant with CCS
–In Salah CO2 Ass

• R&D (CSLF $30 m
Joint Industry R&D Project

Objectives (2004-09)

1. Provide assurance that secure geolo

CO2 can be cost-effectively verified a

term assurance can be provided by smonitoring. 

2. Demonstrate to stakeholders that ind

geological storage of CO2 is a viable 

option. 

3. Set precedents for the regulation and 

the geological storage of CO2, allowinGHG credits 
Why Monitoring?

• Need more cost-effective tools to dem

term storage integrity

• Oil & Gas Industry already has most o

required, but has never had a commedevelop them

• Mother Nature made all geological for

different

– Monitoring technolog

y that 

w

o

rks in one l

w

ork in another

– Need to dev

elop a pool of kno

wledge 

– Need to set stand

ards for site certifi

c

ation
In Salah Monitoring: Status

Programme r

e

c

ommended

suspended w

ells

Micros

eismic

Specialist C

O Part of geo

chemistr

y stud

2 modelling

R

ock-fluid/Pr

e

s

s

ure Inter

a

ctio

n

s Studies ongoin

g in Norw

a

Injectio

n mo

nito

rin

g On

g

oin

g by JV

Formation w

ater chem.

A

nal

yses incorpo

rate

d in S

Wellhead CO2 

M

onitoring Sampling programme ong

Flo

w meter s

u

rvey

s Revi

e

wed and Not Recomm

D

ynamic modelling

B

uildin

g n

ew m

o

d

el in Ecl

4D Ele

ctrical/E

M Initial mod

ellin

g suggests 

Tracers Due t

o co

m

m

e

n

c

e 1Q2006

4D Gravit

y

M

o

d

elling completed –

ma

4D Seismic/VSP Programme rec

ommended

Technolog

y S
Seismic Array Location

Kb-CB

Kb-CA

Spheroid: Clarke 1880 Projection: UTM Zone 31NDatum: N Sahara 1959

First Gas Development Well Locations

Production Well

0 Meters 5000

Kb-7

Kb-10

Kb-CC

Kb-6

Kb-CE

Kb-501

Kb-1

Kb-503

Kb-502

Kb-5

Kb-9z

Kb-8

Kb-4

Kb-2

GasWater Contact

 1330 metres below Mean Sea Level

~1800 metres below Ground Level

Full Gas Column

420000 430000

32100003220000

3230000

K

b-503

Kb5

01

Kb-11

Kb-14

Kb-1

2

Kb-13

Kb-502

Pre-cursor 3D
In Salah CO2 Summary

• Industrial Scale Demonstration o

Geological Storage (Convention

• Excellent Analogue for other Co

– China, Europe, North America

• Started Storage in August 2004• 1mmtpa CO2 Stored (17mm tonn

• $100mm Incremental Cost for St

– No commercial benefit

• Test-bed for CO2 Monitoring Tec

– $30mm Research Project