This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res *

judicata, and collateral estoppel.

F I LED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

October 17, 2006

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v. No. 06-5077

LAWRENCE RINGER,

Defendant-Appellant.

(D.C. Nos. 02-CV-862-HDC & 

 99-CR-78-HDC)

(N. D. Oklahoma)

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*

Before HENRY, BRISCOE, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.

Lawrence Ringer, a federal prisoner, seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) in

order to challenge the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion to vacate, set

aside, or correct his sentence. Because Ringer has failed to make “a substantial showing

of the denial of a constitutional right,” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2), we deny his request and

dismiss the matter. 

I.

Ringer was convicted by a jury of two counts of bank robbery in violation of 18

U.S.C. § 2113(a), and one count of carrying a firearm during a crime of violence in
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violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). Ringer was sentenced to 120 months’ imprisonment on

each of the bank robbery counts, with those sentences to run concurrently, and to 84

months’ imprisonment on the firearm count, with that sentence to run consecutively. We

affirmed Ringer’s convictions on direct appeal. United States v. Ringer, 9 Fed. Appx.

844 (10th Cir. 2001).

Ringer, appearing pro se, filed a § 2255 motion asserting, among other claims, that

his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate the possibility of an insanity

defense. The district court denied Ringer’s motion without requiring the government to

file a response. In doing so, the district court concluded that Ringer’s ineffective

assistance claim was procedurally barred because he had failed to raise it on direct appeal,

and that, alternatively, there was no merit to the claim because, given Ringer’s actions

during the bank robberies, an insanity defense could not have been successful. On

appeal, we concluded the district court abused its discretion in refusing to hold an

evidentiary hearing on Ringer’s ineffective assistance claim. United States v. Ringer, 139

Fed. Appx. 969 (10th Cir. 2005). Accordingly, we reversed the district court’s order

denying Ringer’s motion and remanded the case to the district court with instructions to

appoint counsel to represent Ringer and to conduct an evidentiary hearing.

The district court, per our instructions, conducted an evidentiary hearing on

February 24, 2006. On March 2, 2006, the district court issued a written order denying

Ringer’s § 2255 motion. In doing so, the district court found that (a) Ringer was

represented during the trial proceedings by an experienced criminal defense attorney, (b)
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Ringer’s trial counsel was aware of Ringer’s history of mental illness, (c) Ringer’s trial

counsel successfully moved to have Ringer undergo a competency examination, (d) a

staff psychologist at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in

Springfield, Missouri, concluded that Ringer suffered from bi-polar disorder but was

nonetheless competent to stand trial, (e) trial counsel’s investigation into the facts

surrounding the bank robberies revealed that Ringer clearly made preparations for

robbing the banks and, following the robberies, took various steps to evade detection, (f)

trial counsel ultimately concluded that he could not prove by clear and convincing

evidence that Ringer had a severe mental disease or defect that made him unable to

appreciate the wrongfulness of his acts, as required by 18 U.S.C. § 17(a), and (g) trial

counsel chose instead to pursue a defense of misidentification as to one of the bank

robbery counts and lack of possession of a firearm which was an element of proof on the 

remaining two crimes. Based upon these factual findings, the district court concluded

that Ringer’s trial counsel made strategic choices that were professionally reasonable.

Ringer filed a notice of appeal and a request for a COA. The district court denied

Ringer’s request. Ringer has now filed an application for COA with this court.

II.

The denial of a motion for relief pursuant to § 2255 may be appealed only if the

district court or this court first issues a COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). “A certificate

of appealability may issue . . . only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the

denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). In order to make such a
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showing, a petitioner must demonstrate that “reasonable jurists could debate whether . . .

the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented

were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529

U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a defendant must

first “show that counsel’s performance was deficient.” Strickland v. Washington, 466

U.S. 668, 687 (1984). “This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that

counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth

Amendment.” Id. “Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance

prejudiced the defense.” Id. 

After reviewing Ringer’s appellate brief and the record on appeal, we are not

persuaded that Ringer has established his entitlement to a COA. Although Ringer

continues to argue that his trial counsel failed to adequately investigate the possibility of

asserting an insanity defense, that argument is clearly undercut by the district court’s

factual findings, none of which are disputed by Ringer on appeal. In light of those factual

findings, we conclude that no reasonable jurist could have disagreed with the district

court’s determination that Ringer’s trial counsel made a reasonable strategic decision not

to pursue an insanity defense, and to instead focus on more viable defenses to the charged

crimes.
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The request for a COA is DENIED and the matter is DISMISSED.

Entered for the Court

Mary Beck Briscoe

Circuit Judge