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### i 11-3- 1 TUESDAY , OCTOBb Kio , ia/ H WASHINGTON , D.C . Volum e 3 9 •Number 20 0 

## PAR T II I



# ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y

STANDARD S O F PERFORMANC E FO R NE W STATIONAR Y SOURCE S

Modification , Notification , an d Reconstructio nP. 3

3694 6 )SI D gULE S ENVIRONMENTA L PKOTE C

AGENC Y [ 4 0 CF KPar t © (FR L 273-4 ] ' ] STANDARD S O F PERFORMANC E FO KNE W

STATIONAR Y SOURCE S Modification

. Notification , an d Reconstructio n Notic e i s hereb y give n tha t pursuan t t o th e authorit y o

f sectio n 11 1 o

f th e Clea n Air Act , a s amended , th e Environ

menta l Protectio n Agenc y i s proposin g amendment s t o th e genera l provision s o f 4 0 CFRPar t

60
. originall y publishe do n Decembe r 23 , 197 1 (3 6 P R24876) an d amende dOctobe r

15 , 197 3 (3 8 F R28564) an dMarc h 8
. 197

4 (3 9 F R9308)
. Th e amendment s propose dherei n includ e re vision s an d addition s t o clarif y th e defi

nitio n o f "modification " i n th e Act , t o requir e notificatio n o

f constructio n o r potentia l modification , an dt o clarif y ap plicatio n o

f standard s o

f performanc e to reconstructe dsources . Th e genera l pro vision s appl y t o al l standard s o f perfor

manc e fo r

ne w an d modifie dsources , bot h thos e standard s promulgate dt o dat e (3 6 F R2487 6 an d 3 9 F R9308 ) an d thos e t o b e promulgate di n th e future
.

BACKGROUN

D Sectio n 11 1 o

f th e Ac t provide s tha t th e standard s o

f performanc e establishe d fo r ne w stationar y source s reflec t th e de

gre e o f emissio n limitatio n attainabl e throug h th e applicatio n o f th e bes t sys te mo f emissio n reductio n which , con siderin g cost , th e Administrato r deter

mine s ha s bee n adequatel y demonstrated
. Th e Ac t furthe r define s "ne w source " a s "an y stationar y source , th e constructio n o r modificatio n o

f whic h i s commence d afte r th e publicatio n o

f regulation s (or , if earlier , propose dregulations ) prescrib

in g astandar do

f performanc e unde r

thi s sectio n whic h wil l b e applicabl e t o suc h source. " Thus , th e standard s appl y no t onl y t o entirel y ne w construction , bu t cAs ® t o existin g source s whic h underg o modi

fication
. A s define di n th e Act , modificatio n i s " ° ° ° an y physica l chang e ia , o r cMsus® i n ametho do

f operatio n of

, astoMffiSJar

^ sourc e whic h increase s th e emera S o f ea y ai r pollutan t

emitte db y suc & eaws&a-as whic h result s i n th e emisste aa& sa y at e pollutan t no t previousl y emitted. " f&x®° porMV e legislativ e histor y &ss osfeta i m i o f th e Ac t allow s consSdc^SM

t i n interpretin g phrase s taC& Q o f modificatio n suc h e s source " an d"increase s th o omora G o f sa y ai r pollutan t

emitted. " Variou s interpre

tation s o f thes e phrase s ca aresialf

c i n dif

feren t degree s o

f Impac t o n emtotosss r fro mexistin g source s a s theso emaree s underg o physica l an d csJssaMonal l changes
. Th e definitio n o f "modSScaaom " unde r 4 0 CF R60.3(h ) (Decsmfoa ? SS, 1971 ) include s som e provision s ^yMeaex emp t certai n physica l an dojJ®ra&S©asJ l change s fro mbein g mcdlfissfetaaa
. Ete ° vision s an daddition s t o 4 0 CSM 8®. 2 an d 'th e additio n o

f § 60.1 4 ar e propose d&ere « i n t o furthe r

clarif y tb s deSsiifetoa

i o f "modification " a s 1

6 tfilMte tatepssSsa b y th e Agenc y i n identifyin g modifie d

source s aa dapplyin g standard s o f per formanc e t o source s afte r the y hav e bee n modified
. MODIFICATIO N Althoug h th e ter m"modification " i s define di n sectio n 111(a ) (4 ) o f th e Ac t a s well a s i n 4

0 CFR60.2(h ) i n th e genera l provision s t o thi s part , considerabl e con fusio n exist s outsid e th e Agenc y a s t o wha t "changes " ca n b e mad e t o a n ex istin g sourc e withou t

th e Administrato r considerin g th e sourc e t o hav e bee n mod

ified
. A s define di n th e Ac t

an di n 4 0 CFR 60.2(h) , th e ter m"modification " include s severa l term s an dphrase s whic h ar e no t fully understoo doutsid e th e Agency
. Therefore , severa l differen t interpreta

tion s coul db e derive dfro mreadin g th e definitions
. Fo r

example , on e interpre

tatio n coul dlea dt o th e conclusio n tha t a n entir e sourc e woul db e considere d modifie db y th e additio n o f ane w piec e o f equipmen t

whic h in&ease dth e emis

sion s fro mtha t

source . However , unde r th e interpretatio n use dby th e Adminis

trator , onl y th e ne w piec e o f equipmen t itsel f woul dbecome subjec t

t o th e stand

ard s ' o f performanc e containe di n thi s part
. Th e purpos e o

f th e amendment s propose dherei n i s t o resolv e an y con fusio n tha t

ma y exis t

a s t o wha t

consti

tute s amodification
. Th e phrase s an d term s whic h hav e cause dconfusio n ar e discusse di n th e followin g paragraphs , an dexample s ar e cite dt o sho w ho w th e Agenc y intend s t o appl y th e ter m"mod

ification " t o physica l o r operationa l change s i n asource . Th e standard s o

f performanc e a s se t fort h i n thi s psr t

appl y t o "affecte dfacil

ities " rathe r

tha n t o "stationar y sources. " Th e ter m"agecte dfacility " I s define d unde r existin g 4 0 CF R60.2(e ) an d i s use dbecaus e th e standard s appl y t o in

dividiBE i processe s an d piece s of equip

men t rathe r tha n t o entir e stationar y source s whic h ma y consis t o f acombina

tio n o f processe s en d piece s o f equip

ment
. Th e amendment s propose dherei n intafodttc e ane w term , "existin g facility, " t o replac e th e ter m"affecte dfacility " whic h appsar s i n th e existin g definitio n of "modification " l n 4

0 CF R60. 2 (h)
. TMo propose drevisio n i s intende dt o ctonlf y pafehe r tha n t o chang e th e inten t c #® adafiai&taao

f "modification " se t Sas&a. i mexistin g 4

0 CF R60.2(h) , whic h ha& replace dtiie ter m"stationar y £smr&/° foua di ath

® Act' s definitio n of modifleafcto

n wife h "affecte dfacility. " Th e meaaia g o

f "affecte dfacility " a s use dl n 40 CFB 30.2(h ) was.intende dt o includ e a aapparatu s t

® whic h astandar dwoul d appl y if th e apparatu s undergoe s modi

fics&om. Howercr , th e definitio n o f "af

fecte dfacility " i s limite dt o a n apparatu s t o whic h astandar dapplies
. Therefore , thQ propose damendment s introduc e th e ter m"ezto&a s facility " t o replac e th e term"efflsste dfacility " i n th e riennltlon of "medifieafctaa " t o refe r t o an y appa ratu s o f th e typ afo r

whic h astandan l of performanc e i s promulgate dl n thi s par t bu t th e ccasteixctio n o r

modificatio n of commence dbefor e th e dat e o f I
. Suc h a n exist

in g facilit y woul dbecom e a n affecte d

facilit y i f l t i s modified
. Thu s th e pro pose drevisio n specifie s tha t th e ter m "modification " i s applicabl e onl y t o ex istin g facilities
. A ne w definitio n o f "sta

tionar y source " i s als o propose dt o clarif y tha t a"stationar y source " ma y consis t o f an y combinatio n o

f on e o r mor e affecte dfacilities , existin g facili

ties , an d facilitie s t o whic h standard s d o no t apply
. Th e propose damendment s clarif y tha t th e constructio n o

f a n affecte dfacility a t astationar y sourc e doe s no t constitut e amodificatio n o

f th e stationar y sourc e an ddoe s no t

caus e th e entir e stationar y sourc e t o becom e subjec t

t o th e standard s o f performance
. A

s a n example , th e ad

ditio n o f ane w basi c oxyge n proces s furnac e t o a n existin g furnac e sho p whic h include s tw o furnaces , woul dno t mak e th e entir e stee l mil l o r th e tw o ex istin g furnace s subjec t

t o standard s o

f performance ; onl y th e ne w furnac e woul db e subjec t

t o standard s o

f per formance
. I f

on e o f th e existin g basi c oxyge n furnace s wa s enlarge dsuc h tha i th e tota l emission s o

f particulat e matte r fro mal l existin g an d affecte dfacilitie s a t th e sourc e increased , tha t furnac e woul dbecom e subjec t

t o th e standar do

f performance
. Th e propose damende ddefinitio n o f "modification " als o include s ane w phras e " • * * emitte dint o th e atmos
pher e • • •. " Th e ne w phras e clarifie s tha t fo r a n existin g facilit y t o underg o amodificatio n ther e mus t b e a n increas e i n actua l emissions
. I f

an y increas e i h emission s tha t

woul dresul t

fro maphys

ica l o r .operationa l chang e t o a n existin g facilit y ca n b e offset

by improvin g a n existin g contro l syste mo r installin g a ne w contro l syste mfo r

tha t facility , suc h achang e woul dno t

b e considere damod

ificatio n becaus e ther e woul db e n o in

creas e i n emission s t o th e atmosphere
. Th e Administrato r

considere ddefinin g "modification " s o tha t

increase s i n pre controlle d(potential ) emission s woul db e considere dmodifications
. However , th e propose ddefinitio n o

f modificatio n i s limite dt o Increase s i n actua l emission s l n keepin g wit h th e inten t o f sectio n 11 1 o f controllin g facilitie s onl y whe n the y constitut e ane w sourc e o f emission
. Th e regulation s propose dherei n ad

dres s tb e subjec t

o f modification s i n a ne w section-( 8 60.1 4 Modification). Tb e purpos e o t

paragraph s (a ) an d (b ) i s t o clarif y th e phras e i n th e definitio n o f mortification , "Increase s th e amoun t o f an y al e pollutant. " Clarificatio n of thi s phras e I s neeessar g fo r determinin g whethe r amodificatio n ha s occurre dan d fo r applyin g astandar dt o afacilit y onc e I t ha s bee n modified
. Sectio n 60.1 4 spec ifie s tba t

onc e a n existin g facilit y i s determine dt o b e modified , standard s of performanc e wil l b e applie dfo r onl y tha n DoDntant s fo r

whic h ther e wa s a n tin mi

—tat

emissions
. Also , onl y pollut

ant- , fo r widt h standard s of

perform

jaee hav e bee n promulgate dfo r th e affecte dfacilit y i n questio n wil l b e regu lated
. Therefore , i f

a n affecte dfacilit y i s regulate db y standard s of performanc e fo rparticulat e matter , nitroge n oxide s

soKma , azgimn, v@%, $v, a©, §0©=?UESDAY , OCTOBE I 15 , 197 4P. 4

^•<J

and sulfu rdioxide , an d t f emission s o i ammoni a an d particulate matte r from a corresponding *****.**? facilit y In i if I M a s th e resul to

f a physica l o roperational change , standard s o

f performance would be applied only t o th e particulate matte r emission s fro

m th e modified facility . Sectio n 60.14(a ) als o clarifie s tha tonc e a n existin g facility ha s been modified , i t I s considered a n affecte d facilit y an d i s subjectt o standard s o

f performance i n th e sam e wa

y a s a newl y constructe d affected facility . Therefore , th e entir e affected facility i s subjec tt o th e stand ards o f performance , no tJus

tth e por tio n o f th e affected facility which i s re sponsibl e fo r th e increas e i n emissions. 1 Fo rexample . I

f a n existin g facilit y i s modified by doubling it s capacity , al l o f th e emission s from th e expande d facility are subjec tt o th e applicabl e standard o f performance an d no tjus tth e new emissions . Standard s of

performance ar e developed fo r a n affected facilit y a s a n entity . Thes e standard s canno tb e rea sonably applie d t o fraction s o f a n entity . Sectio n 60.14(b ) a s proposed herei n clarifie s wha tconstitute s a n increas e i n emission s an d th e method s fo r deter minin g th e increase . Th e uni tof meas urementpropose

d fo r determinin g whethe r a n increas e i n emission s ha s oc curre d i s kilogram s pe r hoa r (kg/hr) . Othe ralternative s considere d include d othe runit s o

f tim e (day , year> , concen tration , fee d rate Into a process , an d productio n rate . Unit s o f tim e hav e th e advantage s o

f bein g sensitiv e t o in crease d productio n capacit y aa d t o th e overal l Increas e i n tota l enrissloaBt a tb e atmosphere . I n addition , th e unfl a kg/h r automaticall y allo w Increase s I n operat in g hours a s intende d by on e a f th e exist in g exemption s unde r4 9 CFRDM(b> , providin g mas s emission s pe r hou rd o no tIncrease . B y definin g "inmeas e l a emissions " l n term s o

f kg/hr , th e pro posed regulation s coul d no tb e inter prete d a s considerin g a n Increas e l n opacit y o f emission s a s a "•-•^••''-•^titM i unles s ther e I

s a correspondin g Increas e i n mas s rate o

f pollutan tfmlnilo " Unde rcertai n conditions , a n Increas e i n opacity i s no taccompanie d b y a n In creas e i n mas s emissio n rate . Aa proposed , 9 6&14<b

> provide s fea r mwhttnigm

j whic h th e A<hnlnMrats r ma y us e (bu tt o which h e I

s no t1 *" r * < ti*i l > l n determinin g whethe ra n Increas e I n emission s ha s occurred . These - ar e emission : factors , ma

l tlnuoo s monitorin g emissio n tests . I n tb * "increas e i n emission* * , *?ta * and therefor e ca n b e integrate d t o mea n "an y increas e i n emtatana.* * Kmtadons from a sourc e can , however , finetasts dail y In respons e t o routine physica l sn d operationa l changes . Whe n a n esti matin g techniqu e suc h a s emissio n fac tors i s use d t o determin e i f etnlsslan s hav e increased , thes e fiuetaatioaa a m no timportan tabac

a thaa e utilis e parameter s suc h aa productio n rate , whic h dafly fluctaatioaa, ta calculatin g sio n ratea . However , measurin g tech nique s suc h a PROPOSE D BUIE S tlnuou s monitor s ax e sensitiv e t o routin e fluctuations i n emissions , an d thu s a metho d I s neede d to distinguis h betwee n significan tincrease s to emission s an d routin e fluctuations i s emissions . Dur in g th e preparatio n of thes e amend ments , several alternativ e method s fo r makin g thi s distinctio n were considered , includin g statistica l method s and a n arbitrary cut-of

f point . A statistica l method , tb e Student' s ttest , i s propose d herei n I n Appendi

x C . However, ther e ar e advantage s an d disadvantage s t o eac h o f th e method s considere d b y di e .Agency , an d th e Administrato rurge s al l intereste d partie s t o submi tcomment s o n di e Student' s ttest , a n arbitrar y cut off , orsuggeste d othe rmethod s durin g th e commen tperiod t o ak ti n preparatio n o f th e promulgate d regulation . According t o th e proposed regulation , eac h se tof

emissio n test s (usin g manual test s o rcontinuou s monitors ) conducte d before an d afte ra physical o roperation a l chang e woul d consis to f a tleas tthre e runs , an d woul d be conducte d unde r rep resentativ e operatin g conditions . Tb e Student' s ttes twoul d b e use d t o deter min e whethe rther e i s a n increas e i n emissions . Tn e advantag e of th e Stu dent' s ttes ti s tba tt tdifferentiat e be twee n significan tan d Insignifican tIn crease s i n "•-••—t—

—by considerin g tn slgnttcan tincrease s a s thos e whle h ar e no tdetectabl e du e t o th e variations * tb a data . Whethe ro r no ta n emissio n in creas e I s detecte d b y tbl s tes tdepend * on . tw o tUngs : tb e difference i n tb e mean s af tft e tw o test s an d tb e degre e o f variabilit y i n eac h se to f thre e runs . A disadvantag e o f

tb e Btudenf

a ttea t before an d afte r aodlfleatta a whic h ma y no tb e tb e case . Also*, it . l a taflaence d b y outliers , s o that , a n taccnslstcatiQr hig h o rlo w valu e coul d Increas e th e estimat e o f tb e varianc e '** aM " g i t*><g*^i y .mlMKil y tha tan y differenc e woul d b e detected . Anothe r «TI<>*H/*>

< rnnrtritrin

i by th e Agency , namin g a n arbitrar y cut-of f pain tI n term s of

a percentag e Increaa

a i n wn.tii.mw . als o differentiate s bttinaan routin e fluctuations an d significan tln crease e i n *"'"'" ' Anythin g above , fo r «»awir

Ja
. a 1 0 percen tIncreaa

a woul d HmsUftili T a , modification . Qlsadvantags e o f thi s approac h ar e tha tth e choic e o f a cut-of f poin twoul d b e completel y arbi trary , an d thos e suuice s wtS * th e larges t emlsalnai . woul d hav e a n unfai radvaa . tags . .Also, titers woul d b a th e probtoa a o f determinin g ho w much , o f a peroan W ag e increaaa ove rtb a adtltrar y cut-of f poin twoul d b e acceptable . Vot i f tb e cut-of

f poin twer e 1 0 s physica l o r operationa l ***"* T> if ^ a 10. 4 percen tIncreaa

a i n ernisstons . I t woul d atit

tbe. nucessai y to - tak e Int o accoun tvariation s I n tb a tea tmethod . JU IHIIJIIIBHI

. I aNU4(e

> • J "«1*- T tha t th e additio n o

f an . affecte d fnilHj t a a stationar y saun a dib s o f tha tsourc e o r a s a a n existin g f

acUit y 

### 36M f enrtssUwi s Inm-as e a

a th e resul to

f tb e constructio n o

f a ne w baste , oxyge n fur nac e i n a n Iron an d stee l min , tb e en tir e iro n an d stee l mil l (o r a tleas ttb e affecte d facilitie s fo r whic h standard s hav e bee n developed ) would b e subjec t t o standard s o

f performance . Thi s inter pretatio n ha s no tbee n adopte d because , i n th e Judgmen

to f th e Administrator , th e cost s which woul d resul tfro m requirin g al l existin g facilitie s i n a stationar y source t o comply wit

h standard s o

f per formanc e becaus e o

f a flang e m on e ex istin g facility woul d i n mos tcase s b e dis proportionate t o th e capita l Investmen t required t o originall y mak e th e physica l oroperational change . A s proposed , 5 60.14(d ) woul d allo w a n existin g facility t o undergo a physi ca l o r operational chang e whic h result s i n a n increas e i n th e emissio n rate int o th e atmospher e o

f an y pollutan tt o whic h a standar d applies , bu tno tb e deeme d a modification , provided th e owne ro r op erato rdemonstrate s t o th e Administra tor' s satisfactio n tha tth e tota l emissio n rat e o f any suc h pollutan tfrom al l exist in g an d affecte d facilitie s a tth e sta tionar y source ha s no tincreased . Th e Agency realize s that , t n som e cases , l t may b e mor e economical t o contro l a a existin g o r affecte d facilit y othe rtha n th e on e undergoin g a n alteration . I b suc h case s n o ne w source s of

ai r pollutio n ar e create d an d tli e Impacto n th e environ men ti s th e sam e a s controllin g di e al tere d facflg y t o th e uiechang e leve l o f emissions . However , whe n s ne w effecte d faculty i s constructe d t o ad d ne w capa cit y o r replac e eM capacity , tha tne w f aefflt y mus tb e controlle d t o mee ttb e standards ' of

performance. • Thi s pulley wf B require tha tbes tsystem s o f contro l technolog y b e include d whe n plannin g an d eenstractfn g source s o f emissions , a s W1 0 OOllwOBplSwCQ I S tiB O QffftSOfiBSKtDlt O s sectio n ill . I tshoul d b e note d tha tther e ma y b e nwBeroan s method s o f

ieducin g tb e emis sion s o f • specifi c pollutan tfro m a va riet y o f rn.1—fc m point s wtttat

e a plant , som e o f wblc b woul d b e diOeul tt o qtmn tify . I n vie w o f

thi s th e reductio n s f

emts — slen a mus tb e accomplishe d b y tapeum* tb e coBBcila i capability o f a n eafcttag ' contra ! spstan . b y adittn g a ne w contro l syrtem ; o r t v makin g physica l o r opera tlcmt i i heme s t o existin g an d affbeted fadtllla i ••lil a th n somc e sac b tha tth e scarc e owne ro r operato rca n damosn strat e b y nwlssin n test a tha tthere-ha s been'n o ne tIncreas e i n emissions . Emis sio n redactions woul d no tb e considere d whic h result from cmnpllamw schedtd e recrofrmeni s t a mee tothe rregulations , penaate fo r th a Increas e i a emlastw i cause d ba

r th e physica l o r operational , chang e • becom e enforceabl e emission . llmttatmB , an d an y increas e In emissio n rat e tnensea s a f

thos e Hadtatio

—wi n tlonv I n dtnetaatn g th e pnnlslana i caus e th e rematodero f th e atsftmtas y under / tW.H(d).th e Administrato rcon sourc e t o b e subjec tt o standardee f per*—sittere

d aBowtn g a n enlslTiig fadBt y t o form a rain T tra n bo infrrrrr

tfro m tlw i rta uudetgu * a physleaf o r flntttanein.theAct>iareaaaTOla;thafcltwhfchreseft s ta a a Increas e In th e

FEOBA L UCISm , VO L 39 , NO . 200—TUESDAY , fKTOl U M l 10J4 .P. 5

U— * re®i?®S[i®

RULE S sio n rat e Int o th e atmospher e o f an y pol ° lutan t t o whic h astandar dapplie s pro vide dth e tota l emissio n rat ® fro mal l point s o f emissio n a t

th e entir e sta
tionar y sourc e ha s no t

increased
. Thi s concep t wa s no t totall y accepte dan dth e propose dprovision s limi t consideratio n t o includ e onl y emission s fro mexistin g an daffecte dfacilities
. Point s o f emissio n othe r tha n existin g an daffecte dfacilitie s were no t include dfo r

th e followin g rea son s : (1 ) Eac h standar do

f performanc e i s basedo n aprescribe dtes t procedur e whic h take s int o accoun t th e desig n an d operatin g characteristic s o f th e appara tu s involved
. Thes e tes t

procedure s hav e bee n demonstrate dt o yiel daccurat e an d precis e results
. Facilitie s fo r whic h standard s o

f performanc e hav e no t

bee n develope dcoul dhav e uniqu e desig n o r operatin g characteristic s whic h coul d caus e unforesee n an dunaccounte dfo r Inaccuracie s i n tes t

procedure s whic h were no t develope dwith aspecifi c typ e o f sourc e i n mind
. (2 ) Th e Agenc y plans , over th e nex t few years , t o promulgat e standard s o f performanc e fo r

al l facilitie s whic h con tribut e significantl y t o ai r pollutioa : therefore , a t

tha t time , mos t

facilitie s woul db e classifie deithe r a s existin g o r affecte dfacilities
. As proposed , § 60:1 4 (e ) set s fort h op erationa l o r

physica l change s whic h wil l no t b e considere dmodification s eve n thoug h th e emissio n rat e ma y increase
. Thes e exemption s ar e simila r t o th e presen t exemption s expresse di ath e definitio n o f

modificatio n unde r

40 CFB, 60.2(h) ; however , som e difference s shoul db e noted
. Th e exemptio n o f in

crease s i n productio n rat e i s n o loage ? dependen t

upo n th e "operatin g desig a capacity. " Thi s ter mi s no t easil y defined , an dfo r certai n industrie s th e "desig a capacity " bear s littl e relationshi p t o th e actua l operatin g capacit y of th e facility
. Th e propose dexemptio n implieifcSy de = fines "desig n operatin g capacity " a s thaf c productio n rat e whic h ca n b e pllshe dwithou t

makin g majo r expenditure s o n th e stafctoasry eoros a containin g th e existin g facility
. A Sefiai ° tio n o f th e ter m"capita l expsaditea " S s propose dt o mea n a n ezpesxdifcsxr afo r long-ter maddition s o r imprwesaoate s whic h ar e chargeabl e t o affisgaltaS e^sisfe j account
. Th e exemptio n o f &a <sc 3 of a m alternativ e fue l o r

ra w mate M K

E®wil = clarified

- t o indicat e tha- 3 ea . oste&la g facilit y i s "designe dt o aceJMESE&iS-a' " ©a alternativ e fue l o r

ra w maf e sion s fo r tha t us e wer e incit

e final constructio n speeiflea&toao
. version s t o coa l require dfo r eassy - ©oa

~ sideration s a s stipulate di n sssSs ® HS (d ) (5 ) o f th e Oea n Ai r

Act , e s tsmt2®i$G&, ar e specificall y exempted
. Tha <M<ssm= tio n concernin g th e addifctaaof a<sim° tro l syste mpropose dunde r 0 63.10(0 ) <§ ) i s ne w an dwoul dexemp t eh£ag£ 3 sraef

e as th e additio n of

a n affessteroao ? to c , contro l syste mt o restae a©sLsi ? GVXM thoug h particulat e emisstaa s sm& to° creas e du e t o th e afteriteaeF
. NOTZFXCflTIO N A s provide dunde r

4 0 CFR60.7 , sourc e owner s an doperator s ar e require dt o notif y th e Administrato r

prio r t o th e startu p o f a n affecte dfacility
. Unde r th e authorit y o

f sectio n 11 4 o

f th e Act , revi

sion s t o thi s requiremen t ar e bein g pro pose dherei n t o requir e sourc e owner s o r operator s t o als o notif

y th e Adminis

trato r withi n 3 0 day s afte r

commence men t o f ne w constructio n o r

reconstruc
tio n ( § 60.15 ) o

f a n existin g facilit y o r prio r t o th e commencemen t

o f apoten
tia l modificatio n o

f a n existin g facility
. Sectio n 11 4 o

f th e Ac t provide s tha t

th e Administrato r

ma y requir e suc h report s "fo r th e purpos e ° ° " o

f determinin g whethe r an y perso n i s i n violatio n o f an y suc h standar d° " °."

Thi s notificatio n I s no t t o b e use dfo r

approva l o r

disap

prova l o f th e planne dconstructio n o r physica l o r

operationa l change ; th e pur pos e i s t o allo w th e Administrato r t o locat e source s whic h wil l b e subjec t t o regulation s i n thi s par t an dt o Infor

m th e source s abou t

applicabl e regulation s l n a n effor

t t o minimiz e futur e problems. Notificatio n prio r

t o commencemen t

o f a potentia l modificatio n wil l als o allo w th e Administrato r

t o requir e emissio n test
in g befor e an dafte r

th e physica l o r

op erationa l chang e i f

necessar y t o deter

min e whethe r

o r no t ther e i s a n emissio n Increase
. Submitta l o

f pertinen t

infor

matio n i s require da t

th e tim e o

f notifica

tio n prio r t o commencemen t

o f apoten
tia l modification , s o tha t if adetermina

tio n o n whethe r

a n emissio n increas e wil l occu r ca n b e mad e withou t

emissio n test s o r continuou s monitorin g data , th e Administrate ? ca n advis e th e sourc e owne r o r operato r concernin g th e ap pliestio ao

f stoadard s o

f performance
. to th e physica l o r

operationa l O^aes s o r

operator s wh o ar e consider

in g aphysica l o r

operationa l chang e t o a aes&s&a

g facilit y ar e encourag e t o re quest , pursuaa S t o 40 CFR60.5 , adeter

minatio n b y th e Administrato r o f chang e i s amodification , sotal db e mad e a s soo n a s pcasSSal Q prios ? to commencemen t o f th e cfeosG Q cad i e&jj l b e separat e fro mth e nofeSfieafcto mregratagsaent

propose dunde r 8 8®. ? (a)(4)
.

RECOHSTBUCTXO

H SssSta aG0.JS , a s propose dherei n clashe s fchafe e aexistin g facilit y become s a aaffecte dfacilit y whe n i t i s recon structe dif

asubstantia l portio n o f it s coEapoaeafe ! i s replace dirrespectiv e o f aa y ctosas e i aemissio n rate
. Th e Admin

istestoi ? -iTU

s consider , o n acase-by-cas e bee's , teshaie©! aa deconomi c parameter s i adetes-mtain g whethe r asubstantia l poifftt ao f & facilit y ha s bee n replace d BssTsasfer^-st ao

f afacilit y which

- meet s fete spseMteQStoa

g propose dunde r

9 60.1 5 eoE!0iSfiaste

3 asrv 7 constructio n rathe r

tha n Then afacilit y i s com wlt h anewl y constructe d ' , tha t facilit y i s subjec t t o sfemdasa s c f

performance
. Th e pur pas s o f thi s propose dprovisio n i s t o dis

s s perpetuatio n o

f afacility , replacin g i t

a t th e en do

f it s ussfra l Mf e wit h anewl y constructe daf

fecte dfacility
. I t

shoul db e recognize d tha t i t i s generall y th e practic e o f th e industrie s currentl y covere db y stand

ard s o f performanc e t o clos e a n ol d existin g facilit y rathe r

tha n t o recon struc t i t by usin g amino r

par t o f i t an d replacin g th e remainin g portion
. Be

caus e o f this , th e propose dprovisio n wil l hav e little , i

f an y impac t

o n industrie s currentl y covered
. As standard s o f per formanc e ar e propose dfor additiona l sourc e categorie s i n th e future , replac

ment s whic h will b e considere drecon structio n wil l b e identifie dl n th e sub

parts
. COMMENT S Intereste dperson s ma y participat e i n thi s rulemakin g by submittin g writte n comment s (i n triplicate ) t o th e Emis

sio n Standard s an dEngineerin g Division , Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Re

searc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a 27711 , Attention : Mr
. Do n R
. Goodwin
. Al l releven t

comment s postmarke dno t late r tha n November

29 , 197 4 wil l b e considered
. Comment s receive dwil l b e availabl e fo r

publi c inspectio n a t

th e Offic e of
. Publi c Affairs , 40 1 M

Street
. SW. , Washington , D.C
. Thi s notic e o

f propose drulemakin g i s issue dunde r

th e authorit y o

f section s 11 1 an d11 4 of

th e Clean Ai r

Act , a s amende d(4 2 U.S.C
. 1857c-6,1857c-9)
. Dated : Octobe r

4,.1974
. JOH N QUAELKS , Acting Administrator. I t i s propose dt o amen dPar t 6 0 e f Chapte r I , Titl e 40 o

f th e Cod e of

Fed

era l Regulation s a s follows : Subpart A—Genera l Provision s 1
. I n i 60. 2 paragraph s (d ) an d(h ) ar e revise dan dparagraph s (aa ) an d(bb ) ar e added
. A s amended * § 60. 2 read s a s follows : § 60. 2 Definitions
. •* . o o o (d ) "Stationar y source " mean s an y building , structure , facility , o r installa

tio n whic h emit s o r

ma y emi t

an y ai r pollutan t an dwhic h contain s an y on e o r combinatio n of

th e following : (i > Affecte dfacilities
. (2 ) Existin g faculties
. (3 ) Facilitie s fo r

whic h n o standard s

- ar e applicable
. • •oo o (h ) "Modification " mean s an y physi

ca l chang e in , o r

chang e i n th e metho do

f operatio n of

, a n existin g facilit y whic h increase s th e amoun t

o f an y ai r pollutan t (t o whic h astandar dapplies ) emitte d Int o th e atmospher e by tha t facilit y o r whic h result s i n th e emissio n o f an y ai r pollutan t (t o whic h astandar dapplies ) int o th e atmospher e no t previousl y emitted
.

••00 0 (aa ) "Existin g facility " means , wit h referenc e t o astationar y source , an y ap paratu s o f

th e typ e fo r

whic h astand

ar dI s promulgate dI n thi s part , an dth e constructio n o r

modificatio n of

whic h wa s commence dbefor e th e dat e o f pro posa l o f tha t standard ; o r

an y apparatu s whic h coul db e altere dl n suc h awa y a s t o b e o f tha t type
. rasGOAt essesTM , vm. s® , M@

. aoe—TUKDAY , OCTOB W ts , 197 4P. 6

PROPOSE D RULE

S 

### 36949 (bb) "Capita

l expenditure " mean s a n expenditure fo r long-term addition s or betterment

s properl y chargeabl e t o a capital asset

s account . 2. I n §60.7 . paragraphs (a)(1 ) an d ia ; (2) ar e revised , and paragraph s (a ) 13 ) an d (an4 ) ar

e added . A

s amended § 60.7(a ; reads a s follows : ? 60. 7 Notificatio n an drecordkeeping
. < a) An y owneroroperato rsubjectt o th e provisions o

f thi s partshal l furnis h th e Administrato rwritte n notificatio n a s follows : (1 ) A notificatio n o

f th e dat e o f com mencemento

f constructio n (orrecon structio n a

s define d under§ 60.15) o

f a n affected facility postmarked no late r tha n 3 0 day s afte rsuch date . '2 ) A notificatio n o

f th e anticipate d dat e o f initia l startu p o

f a n affected fa cilit y postmarked no tmor

e tha n 6 0 day s no rles s tha n 3

0 day s prio rt o such date . (3 ) A notificatio n o

f th e actual dat

e o f initia l startu p o

f a n affected facility postmarke

d withi n 1

5 day s afte rsuch date . • 4) A notificatio n o

f an y physical o

r operationa

l chang e t

o a n existin g facility which ma y increas e th e emissio n rat e o f any ai rpollutan tt o which a standar d applies , imift-

w tha tchang e would no tb e considered a modificatio n undera n ap plicabl e subpar

to rI n § 60.14(e) . Thi s notic e shal l be postmarked a tleas t6 0 day s prio rt o th e commencemento f th e chang e and shal l Include informatio n describin g th e precis e natur e o f th e change , presentand proposed emissio n contro l systems , productive capacit y o f th e facility befor

e an d afte rth e change , and th e expecte d completio n date o f th e change . • * • • • 3 . Subpar

tA I s amended b

y addin g § § 60.1 4 and 60.1 5 a s follows : § 60.1 4 .Modification

. (a ) Excep ta s provided unde r para graph s (d) . (e ) an d (f

) o f thi s section , any physical oroperational change s to a n existin g facility whic h resul ti n a n in creas e i n emissio n rate t o th e atmos phere o f any pollutan tto which a stand ar d applie s shal l be a modification . Upon modification , a n existin g faculty shal l becom e a n affected facilit y fo reac h pol lutan tt o which a standar d applie s an d fo r which ther e i s a n increas e i n emis sio n rate . (b ) Emissio n rat e shal l b e expresse d as kg/h ro

f an y pollutan tdischarge d int o th e atmospher e fo rwhic h a stand ar d i s applicable . Th e Administrato rmay use , buti s no tlimite d to, th e followin g t o determin e emissio n rate : (1 ) Emissio n factor s specifie d l n th e lates tissu e o

f "Compilatio n o

f Ai r Pollu tan tEmissio n Factors, " EP A Publicatio n No . AP-42 : (2 ) Materia

l balances ; (3 ) Manua

l emissio n test s o rcontinu ous monitorin g systems . When th e emis sio n rate i s based o n result s from •"•-•"••• ' emissio n test s o rcontinuou s monitorin g systems , th e procedure s specifie d i n Ap pendix C o

f thi s par tshal l b e use d t o de termin e whethe r a n increas e i n emissio n rat e occurred . Tests shal l be conducte d undersuch condition s as th e Adminis trato rshal l specif

y t o th e ownero

rop erato rbased o n representativ e per formance o

f th e facility . (c ) Th e additio n o

f a n affected facil it y t o a stationary source as a n expan sio n t o tha tsource o

r a s a replacement fora n existin g facility shal l no tb y itsel f brin g withi n th e applicabilit

y o f thi s part an y othe rfacility withi n tha tsource . <d ) A modificatio n shal l no tb e deeme d t o occuri

f a n existin g facility undergoes a physica

l oroperational chang e tha tresults i n a n increas e i n th e emissio n rat

e int o th e atmosphere o f an y pollutan tt

o whic h a standar d ap plie s provide

d th e ownero

roperato r demonstrate s t

o th e Administrator' s sat isfactio n tha tth e tota l emissio n rate o f an y such pollutan tfro

m al l existin g and affected facilitie s a tth e stationary source ha s no tincreased . (1 ) Suc h demonstratio n shal l be i n writin g and shal l include : i'i ) Th e nam e and addres s o f th e owneroroperator . (ii ) Th e locatio n o

f th e stationar y source . (iii ) A complet

e descriptio n o

f th e existin g facility undergoin g th e physical o roperational change , an y applicabl e contro l system , and th e physical o r op erational chang e t o such facility . (iv ) Th e emissio n rate s int o th e at mospher e fro m th e existin g facility o f eac h pollutan tt

o which a standar d ap plie s befor

e an d afte rth e physical or operational chang e take s place . (v ) A complet

e descriptio n o

f eac h ex istin g and affected facility an d th e con trol systems , i

f any , fo rthos e facilitie s withi n th e stationary sourc e wher e th e emissio n rate o

f eac h pollutan ti n ques tio n wil l be decrease d t o compensate fo r th e increas e i n emissio n rat e from th e existin g facility undergoin g th e physical oroperational change . (vi ) Th e emissio n rate s int o th e atmos phere o f th e pollutants i n questio n fro m eac h existin g an d affecte d facility de scribed underparagrap h (d ) (1 ) (v ) o f thi s sectio n bot

h befor e an d lifte r th e im provemento

f installatio n of-an y appli cabl e contro l syste m oran y physical o r operational change s to suc h facilitie s t o reduce emissio n rate . (vii ) A complete descriptio n o f th e procedures an d method s use d to deter min e th e emissio n rates . (2 ) T o b e acceptabl e b

y th e Adminis trator , th e decreas e i n th e emissio n rat e from th e existin g and affecte d facilitie s describe d under paragrap h (d ) (1 ) (v > o f thi s sectio n mus tb e demonstrate d b y ac tual testin g o

f th e emission s i n accord anc e wit h 5 60.8(b ) o

f thi s par tan d ac complishe d throug h th e Installatio n o r improvemento

f a contro l syste m o r throug h physical oroperational change s t o thos e facilitie s includin g reducin g th e productio n .o

f a facility o rclosin g a facil ity . Decrease s i n emission s require d by a Stat e implementatio n pla n approved or promulgate d underPar t52 o f thi s chap te rwil l no tb e acceptable . Th e emissio n testin g shall b e performe d withi n 180 day s o f th e completio n o

f th e physica l o r operational chang e t o th e existin g facilit y o ra tsuch time s as th e Administrato r ma y specify . (3 ) Emissio n rate s establishe d fo rth e existin g facility whic

h I s undergoing a physica l o roperationa

l chang e resultin g i n a n increas e i n th e emissio n rate an d forth e existin g facilitie s describe d under paragraph (d ) (1 ) (v) o

f thi s sectio n t

o compensat

e for such a

n increas e i n emis sio n rate shal l becom

e th e baselin e fo

r determinin g whethe rsuc h facilitie s underg o a modification i n th e future. - (4 ) An y emissio n rat

e l n exces s o

f tha t rat e establishe d as th e baselin e fo rde terminin g future modifications under paragrap h (b ) (3 ) o

f thi s sectio n and an y emissio n rate i n exces s o

f tha trat e estab lishe d fo rth e affected facilitie s described underparagrap h (d) (1 ) (v ) o f thi s sec tio n shal l b e a violatio n o f thes e regula tions . Suc h violation s shal l b e determine d i n accordance wit

h th e procedures estab lishe d under § 60.8 o

f thi s part . (e ) Th e followin g shal l not , b y them selves , b e considered modification s under thi s part . (1 ) Maintenance , repair , and replace men twhich th e Administrato r deter mine s to be routin e fo r a sourc e category , subjec tt o th e provisions o

f paragrap h (c ) o f thi s sectio n and § 60.15 . (2 ) An. increas e l n productio n rate o f a n existin g facility , i

f tha tincreas e ca n be accomplishe d withou ta majo r capita l expenditur e o n th e stationar y sourc e containin g tha tfacility . (3 ) A n increas e i n th e hours o f opera tion . (4 ) Us e o f a n alternativ e fue l o rra w materia l if

. prio rt o th e dat e an y stand ar d unde rthi s par

tbecome s applicable " t o tha tsourc e type , a s provided b y g 60.1 , th e existin g facility was designe d t o ac commodat

e tha talternativ e use . A fa cility shal l b e considere d to b e designe d t o accommodat

e a n alternativ e fue l o r ra w material i

f provision s fo rtha tus e wer e include d l n th e final constructio n specifications . Conversio n to coal re quired fo renergy considerations , a s stipulate d l n sectio n 119(d ) (5 ) o f th e Act. shal l no tb

e considere d a modifica tion . (5 ) Th e additio n orus e o f an y syste m ordevic e whos e primar

y functio n i s th e reductio n o

f ai rpollutants , excep twhe n a n emissio n contro l syste m I s removed o ri s replace d b

y a syste m whic h th e Ad ministrato rconsider s to b e les s efficient . (f ) Special provision s se tforth unde r a n applicabl e subpar

to f thi s partshall supersed e an

y conflictin g provision s o f thi s section . § 60.1 5 Reconstruction . (a ) An existin g facility shal l b e con sidere d a n affected facility by th e Ad ministrato rupon reconstructio n throug h th e replacemen to

f a substantia l portio n o f th e existin g facility' s components ir respectiv e o

f an y chang e o

f Amissio n rate . Th e ownero

roperato rmay reques t th e Administrato rto determin e whethe r th e proposed reconstruction involve s re placemen to

f a substantia l portio n o f th e existin g facility' s components base d o n th e capita l cos to

f th e reconstructio n i n compariso n to th e capita l costo f al l ne w constructio n an d othe rtechnica l an d economi c considerations . nOBA L IEGISTH , VO L 39 , NO . 200—TUHOAY , OCTOSH I IS , ^9T43696 9 

### W PtOFOSC D tUtB S 3 . Part80 i s amended b y addin g Ap pendix C aa follows : APWNBI X C

—DETHXMINATIOIC o r EMISSIO N RJT KCHANG S (1 ) Introduction, l. l Th e followin g metho d shal l b e use d t o determin e whethe r a physica l aroperationa l chang e t o a n ex istin g facilit y resulte d l n a n Increas e l n th e emissio n rat e t o th e atmosphere . Th e metho d use d Is th e Student' s ttest , commonl y use d t o mak e Inference s fro m smal l samples . (2 ) Data. 2. 1 Eac h emlsaio n tes tshal l consis to f

n run s (usuall y 3 ) whic h produc e n emissio n rates . Thu s tw o set a o f emissio n rate s ar e generated , on e befor e an d on e afte r th e change . 2. 2 Whe n usin g manua l emissio n tests , excep ta s provide d m § 60.8(b ) o f thi s part , th e referenc e method s o f Appendi x A t o thi s par tshal l b e use d i n accordanc e wit h th e procedure s specifie d l n th e applicabl e sub par tbot h befor e an d afte rth e chang e t o obtai n th e data . 2. 3 Whe n usin g continuou s monitors , th e facilit y shal l b e operate d a s t f a manua l emissio n tes twer e bein g performed . Vali d dat a usin g th e averagin g tim e whic h woul d b e require d I

f a manua l emissio n tes twer e bein g conducte d sha U b e uaed . (3> Procedure. 3. 1 Subscript s a an d b de not e precbang e an d postchang e respectively . 3. 3 Calculat e th e arithmeti c mea n emis sio n rate . E , fo reac h se to f dat a usin g Equa tio n 1 . Equatio n 1

E l + E 1 + . . . +g . . 

# £* « B-i=i - n n where : Ei= Emissio n rat e fo rth e i t h ru n n=numbe r o f

run s 3. 3 Calculat e th e sampl e variance , S 1 , fo r eac h se to f

dat a usin g Equatio n 2 . Equatio n 2

••••- I l' l \l- l / l 

### s*= T.- 1 3. 4 Calculat e tb e poole d estimate , S„ usin g Equatio n 3 . Equatio n 3 o r(«.-l)3.-+(n t -lW-| M „ - 

### " L n.+n,- 2 J 3. 5 Calculat e th a tes tstatistic , t, usin g Equatio n 4 . Equation. * 

# •EW J (4 ) RetulU. 4. 1 I f E » > E , an d t> t' , wher e t ' i s tb e critica l vaht e o f tobtaine d fro m Tabl e 1 , the n wit h 9 5 percen tconfi denc e th e differenc e betwee n ZJ- , an d "E. i s significant , an d a n increas e i n emissio n rat e t o th e atmospher e ha s occurred . TABL E 1 t' (95

percent Degrees of

Freedom confidence {n a +n b -S) level) 2 . 2 . 92 0 3 2 . 35 3 4 2 . 13 2 5 2 . 01 5 6 1 . 94 3 7 1 . 89 5 8 1.86 0 Fo rgreate rtha n 8 degree s o f freedom , se e an v standar d statistica l handboo k o rtext . (5 ) Example: 5. 1 Assum e th e tw o performanc e test s produce d th e followin g se to f data. * Test a. Test

b Ru n 1 10 0 11 5 Ru n 2 9 5 12 0 Ru n 3 110 ' 12 5 "*. 2 Usin g Equatio n 1 — ^ = 100+95 + 110 =Io a

^ = I15 ± 120 ± i 2 5 = w

-i 5. 3 Usin g Equatio n 2 — (100-102)* + (96 - 1«2) » « - ^(iio-io?^, , (115

—120)»+(ISO-130) *

- , +(125-120)' . «SV - g^ p 2 5 5. 4 Usin g Equatio n Z— 3>= |-(3-I)(58,5)+_(3-l)(25 ) J/. =64 6 5. 5 Usin g Equatio n 4 —

. 120-10 2

5- 6 8fae e («,+.»,-2}=4 , f*=2.I3 2 (tram. Tabl e I). Thu»sinc e l>f th e differenc e in, th e vabie e o i B . an d B i » signi S eant , an d thef e ha & bee n • » increas e i s emissio n nrt e t o th e tttoMtspheiak pn tDee.7*-a388f

tWe d 1*41-44-*.-« • aas | P. 7

V " '

VOI . aa , MO . »o—TUfSDAT , 15 , H7 4