NO. 07-04-0548-CV

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AMARILLO

PANEL A

JANUARY 30, 2006

______________________________

IN THE MATTER OF THIRTY-FOUR GAMBLING DEVICES, AND

SIX HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE DOLLARS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY

_________________________________

FROM THE 181ST DISTRICT COURT OF RANDALL COUNTY;

NO. 53,716-B; HONORABLE JOHN BOARD, JUDGE

_______________________________

Before REAVIS and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant, Michelle Medrano, appeals a judgment forfeiting 34 gambling devices,

$639 cash, and other items which were seized from Medrano’s possession. We dismiss

for want of jurisdiction.

On June 24, 2003, an Affidavit for Search Warrant was submitted to Judge John B.

Board. The affiant was Corporal Dan Howington of the Amarillo Police Department. In his

affidavit, Howington described the results of an undercover investigation, concluded that

his investigation revealed facts sufficient to establish probable cause to believe that illegal

gambling activities were occurring at a business known as “The Other Place,” and
1Further reference to provisions of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure will be by

reference to “article ___.”

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requested the issuance of a search warrant. On that same day, Judge Board issued a

warrant to search “The Other Place” based upon Howington’s affidavit. As a result of the

search, the property at issue in this case was seized. Medrano was the person found in

possession of the property at the time of the seizure.

The State filed a Petition for Forfeiture of Gambling Devices and/or Gambling

Paraphernalia and Gambling Proceeds seeking forfeiture of the seized property pursuant

to article 18.18 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See TEX.CODE CRIM.PROC.ANN.

§ 18.18 (Vernon 2005).1 Medrano filed a general denial. The trial court set the forfeiture

for trial and sent a general notice to the parties. 

One day prior to the date set for the trial, Medrano filed a Plea in Abatement and

Motion for Continuance objecting to the court’s notice as failing to comply with the notice

required by article 18.18. The court reset the trial for a later date and issued a Notice

Pursuant to Texas Code of Criminal Procedure – Article 18.18 (“the court’s notice”). 

While hearing certain pre-trial motions filed by Medrano, the trial court indicated that

it had intended for the forfeiture proceeding to have proceeded under the court’s notice

rather than under the State’s petition. However, because the case initiated by the court’s

notice had not been assigned a cause number, the trial court called cause number 53,716-

B, the cause initiated by the State’s petition. After resolution of the pre-trial matters, the
2We note that the court’s notice was also filed in the file of the 53,716-B cause

number.

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court called the case to by tried by stating “we will proceed under the 18.18 notice in

53,716-B.”2 

Following trial, the court rendered judgment that the seized property was prohibited

gambling devices, paraphernalia, and proceeds. The court then rendered judgment that

the machines were gambling devices and gambling paraphernalia and that the currency

was gambling proceeds. 

After rendition but prior to written judgment, the State filed a Motion to Sever

requesting that all issues in cause number 53,716-B be severed into a new cause initiated

by the court’s notice. The purpose of the severance request was to effectuate the trial

court’s stated intent to conduct the forfeiture proceedings under the court’s notice. The

State further indicated that, if the proceedings were severed into a new cause arising from

the court’s notice, the State intended to dismiss the 53,716-B cause number. Medrano

objected to the severance contending that the State’s severance request was untimely.

The trial court granted the State’s severance on the same day that it entered judgment in

cause number 53,716-B. By its severance order, any pleadings filed in cause number

53,716-B that arose from, or were responsive to, the court’s notice were to be severed into

a new cause, which was assigned cause number 54,834-B. Following the severance, the

State filed a Motion for Nonsuit in cause number 53,716-B, which was granted by the trial

court. Medrano filed a Motion to Strike or, Alternatively, for New Trial objecting that the
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court’s severance came after the case had been submitted to the fact-finder. These

motions were overruled by operation of law.

Because the jurisdiction of a court is fundamental, a court must notice, even sua

sponte, the matter of its jurisdiction. Lechuga v. Texas Employers' Ins. Ass'n, 791 S.W.2d

182, 187 (Tex.App.–Amarillo 1990, writ denied); Marshall v. Brown, 635 S.W.2d 578, 580

(Tex.App.–Amarillo 1982, writ ref'd n.r.e.). In a civil case, an appeal from a final judgment

may generally be taken to the court of appeals. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 51.012

(Vernon 1997). 

Medrano, according to her notice of appeal, appealed from judgment in cause

number 54,834-B. However, our review of the record reveals that no judgment was

entered in cause number 54,834-B. The only judgment found in the record is in cause

number 53,716-B. Thus, we can find no final judgment in cause number 54,834-B upon

which Medrano’s appeal can be predicated.

We further conclude that the trial court’s severance order in cause number 54,834-B

fails to sever the judgment in cause number 53,716-B into the appealed cause. We note

that both the court’s judgment in cause number 53,716-B and severance order were

entered on July 26, 2004. However, the severance orders that 

cause number 53,716-B be severed from the action arising from the Court’s

Notice Pursuant to Texas Code of Criminal Procedure - Article 18.18, . . . that

the action arising from the [court’s] notice be made a separate suit, and that

the separate suit be assigned its own docket number . . . . It is further

ordered that any pleadings filed in cause number 53,716-B that arose from,

or were responsive to, the Court’s notice . . . be made a part of the Court’s

file in the new cause.
3We note that Pierce v. Reynolds, 160 Tex. 198, 329 S.W.2d 76, 78-79 (1959),

provides that an appeal may be taken from a potentially erroneous severance even though,

if the severance is subsequently vacated, no final judgment would exist in the appeal.

However, in Pierce, the appellant appealed the purportedly final judgment entered in the

severed cause. In the present case, Medrano appealed a “judgment” entered in cause

number 54,834-B when no such judgment exists. We do not believe that Pierce provides

authority for us to review a judgment entered in a wholly separate cause from that

appealed. 

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(Emphasis added). The court’s severance order does not expressly sever the judgment

entered in cause number 53,716-B into the new cause, even though such judgment was

entered at or about the same time the severance was ordered.3 As the trial court did not

enter judgment in cause number 54,834-B and as the severance failed to sever the 53,716-

B judgment into cause number 54,834-B, we find no appealable judgment in cause number

54,834-B.

We acknowledge that the Texas Supreme Court has indicated that a court of appeals

has jurisdiction over an appeal when the appellant files an instrument that is a bona fide

attempt to invoke appellate jurisdiction and that decisions of appellate courts should turn on

substance rather than procedural technicalities. SeeSan Antonio v. Rodriguez, 828 S.W.2d

417, 418 (Tex. 1992). In Rodriguez, the Court held that the city’s notation of the incorrect

cause number on its notice of appeal did not defeat the court of appeals’ jurisdiction over

the appeal. Id. However, we find the present case distinguishable from Rodriguez. As

indicated above, no final judgment was entered in cause number 54,834-B. Thus, unlike

Rodriguez, the present appeal does not simply fail to correctly identify the cause number of
4We also note that Grand Prairie Indep. Sch. Dist. v. S. Parts Imports, Inc., 813

S.W.2d 499, 500 (Tex. 1992), indicates that we must give an appellant a reasonable

opportunity to amend or refile an instrument that was a bona fide attempt to invoke our

jurisdiction. However, in the present case, there was no judgment entered in cause

number 54,834-B and the judgment entered in cause number 53,716-B was dismissed

while the trial court retained plenary power over the cause and at the request of the State.

See TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(d). Consequently, any notice of appeal relating to the present

case could not be an appeal of a final judgment and, therefore, we conclude that allowing

Medrano an opportunity to amend or refile would be futile.

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the judgment being appealed from, rather, it attempts to appeal a judgment that simply does

not exist.4 

Concluding that there is no final judgment in this cause upon which Medrano could

appeal, we dismiss her appeal for want of jurisdiction.

Mackey K. Hancock

 Justice