# Patent

## Title
Vehicle seat frame and method

## Abstract

A vehicle seat frame provides a tilting feature for tilting the seat cushion. The frame includes side brackets (20) with a torsion tube (60) laterally—extending through an aperture (100) of the side brackets. The torsion tube is fitted against the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure to allow smooth rotation of the torsion tube within the side brackets. The torsion tube includes an annular protrusion (200) which provides an axial locking feature that tightly secures the subcomponents placed onto the torsion tube during vehicle operation.

## Background
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to the field of vehicle seating, more specifically, vehicle seat frame assemblies with front and rear tilting capabilities as well as a method for manufacturing the same.
Vehicle seat frame assemblies typically include a seat (having a seat bottom or cushion and a seat back) and may include seat adjusters that alter the position of the seat frame. Seat adjusters are used for many purposes, such as on a captain's seat to provide selective horizontal fore and aft movement of the seat, vertical movement of the seat, and/or pivotal movement of the seat back, as is well known. The ability to adjust the position of the seat is desirable to enable vehicle occupants of various sizes to be comfortably and properly seated within the vehicle.
Vehicle seat brackets and tracks include adjuster systems for frontward/rearward tilting of the seat cushion frame. Such features may be manually or automatically operable. The seat track includes a torque (or torsion) tube extending between side brackets (or “B-brackets”) of the seat frame. The torsion tube includes a shank portion located between the side brackets and typically subjacent the cushion on the seat bottom. The torsion tube includes a head portion at each end coupled to a side bracket on each side of the seat frame along with a bell crank or pivot linkage. The pivot linkage is coupled to the horizontal adjustment rails or a floor bracket mounted thereto. An actuator selectively rotates the pivot linkages. For example, in some arrangements, rotation of the front pivot linkages in one direction moves the front portion of the seat upward; rotation of the rear pivot linkages in the opposite direction moves the rear portion of the seat upward with respect to the vehicle floor. Some automatic seat adjuster systems utilize a powered drive mechanism (typically an electric motor) in conjunction with a system of gears and other components to adjust the seat cushion. For example, it is known to use a motor-driven threaded screw attached to the pivot linkage to selectively lift and lower the seat cushion.
It is further known to have the torsion tube coupled to the side bracket through a swaging process employing a ram forming technique commonly referred to as “column loading” in the axial direction of the tube. A mandrel or die is forced into the head portion of the torsion tube at a predetermined pressure level to reduce clearances between the side bracket and the torsion tube. The die defines an outer diameter that is smaller at the front end than the rearward portion of the die. The die forces the end of the head portion of the torsion tube to flare outward, thereby radially and axially restricting the side bracket from moving beyond the head portion of the torsion tube. However, this process can be imprecise as it is difficult to control the extent of flaring and depth of axial deformation resulting from column loading. It is also know to utilize a Belleville washer, or other axially adjustable washer or device, to accommodate the variable axial clearance (or lateral looseness) between the flared portion of the tube and the side bracket. However, Belleville washers increase the overall cost and complexity of the vehicle seat frame assembly.
The integrity of the fit between the side bracket and the torsion tube influences user comfort, seat stability, BSR (buzz-squeak-rattle) values and longevity. A loose fitting between the side bracket and torsion tube can lead to deflection in the other parts of the seat assembly. For example, one original equipment manufacturing test involves measuring the deflection of the seat back with respect to the vehicle floor during simulated normal highway driving conditions Excessive deflection of the seat back is indicative of a vehicle seat assembly having lower “stability values.” When the connection between the torsion tube and the side bracket has substantial axial and/or radial spacing between each element, the seat stability values are high (indicating high deflection in the seat frame assembly) and the user may experience more vibration in the seat back and other portions of the seat.
To improve the connection of the side bracket and torsion tube some seat manufacturing techniques use multiple iterations of axial or column loading. Multiple iterations may reduce deflection of the seat back and increase the stability of the seat assembly. However, such additional steps increase manufacturing time and costs of the vehicle seat frame. Moreover, column loading may produce less precise results and yield more broadly ranging deflection values (e.g. SCL1, charting the stability values for a seat after one iteration of axial loading, and SCL2, charting the stability values for a seat after multiple iterations of axial loading, as shown in FIG. 1).
One drawback of multiple iteration column loading is that when simultaneously performed on each side of the torsion tube, the mid-section of the torsion tube undergoes compressive stresses which cause the tube to deform or possibly buckle. Such deformation may cause the tube to exceed predetermined dimensional tolerances.
One alternative arrangement utilizes arc welding to affix a torsion tube to the side brackets and incorporates a rotatable insert in the torsion tube. However, welding can alter the strength of the workpiece and this design is costly due to processing times and additional part requirements.
It remains desirable to provide a vehicle seat frame assembly having a seat cushion adjusting feature with a torsion tube coupled to the seat frame utilizing more cost efficient manufacturing techniques which provide greater design and manufacturing flexibility while providing increased seat stability and durability.
SUMMARY
In one exemplary embodiment, a vehicle seat frame assembly includes a side bracket having at least one extruded aperture extending there through; and a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through an aperture in the linkage. The linkage is configured to pivotably couple to the torsion tube. The torsion tube includes a head portion at an end of the torsion tube and a shank portion in the middle of the torsion tube. A bushing is coaxially aligned on the torsion tube between the torsion tube and the side bracket. The torsion tube and bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging (or diametric expansion) procedure. The extruded aperture of the side bracket includes an annular lip portion proximate the head portion. A washer is located on the tube adjacent the side bracket.
In one exemplary embodiment, a vehicle seat assembly with frame includes a side bracket having at least one extruded aperture; a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket; and a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket. The linkage includes an aperture. Further provided is a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage. The torsion tube includes a head portion and a shank portion. A bushing is radially aligned between the torsion tube and the side bracket. The torsion tube and bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure. The torsion tube includes an annular lip portion on the head portion. The lip portion defines an inner diameter and the inner diameter of the lip portion is constant.
In another exemplary embodiment, a method of manufacturing a torsion tube of the type used in a vehicle seat frame assembly including a floor bracket, a pivotable linkage, and at least one side bracket coupled to the floor bracket via the pivot linkage comprises: forming a generally cylindrical aperture in the pivot linkage; forming a generally cylindrical aperture in the side bracket; forming a torsion tube having a shank portion and a first and second head portion; inserting the torsion tube through an aperture in the side bracket and the pivot linkage; placing a bushing onto a first head portion of the torsion tube; and internally swaging the first head portion of the torsion tube radially outwardly.
In another exemplary embodiment, a vehicle seat frame assembly includes: a torque tube having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The torque tube further has a terminal end, a head portion extending from the terminal end and a shank portion distal from the head portion. The head portion of the tube has a substantially constant inner and outer diameter. A linkage member is connected to the torque tube along the head portion, the linkage member is configured to rotate with the torque tube for adjusting the vehicle seat frame. A seat bracket has a hole therein, the head portion of the tube extending through the hole and the terminal end of the torque tube being on a first side of the seat bracket. A bushing having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube is also provided. The bushing is positioned on the torque tube and located between the linkage member and the side bracket. The torque tube has an expanded diameter portion located between the terminal end of the torque tube and the seat bracket and the expanded diameter portion of the torque tube axially locks the side bracket and the bushing against the linkage member.
In another exemplary embodiment, a vehicle seat frame assembly includes: a seat bracket having an extruded aperture defining an annular member having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. A torque tube has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the torque tube further has a terminal end, a head portion extending from the terminal end and a shank portion distal from the head portion. The head portion of the tube has a substantially constant inner and outer diameter. The head portion of the tube extends through the aperture in the seat bracket and the terminal end of the torque tube is located on a first side of the seat bracket. A linkage member is connected to the torque tube along the head portion. The linkage member is configured to rotate with the torque tube for adjusting the vehicle seat frame. A bushing having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube is also provide. The bushing is positioned on the torque tube and located between the linkage member and the side bracket. A washer having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube is further provided. The washer is positioned on the torque tube and located on the first side of the side bracket. The torque tube has an expanded diameter portion located between the terminal end of the torque tube and the washer and the expanded diameter portion of the torque tube axially locks the washer, the seat bracket and the bushing against the linkage member.
In another exemplary embodiment, a vehicle seat frame assembly includes: a side bracket having an extruded aperture defining an annular member having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. A torque tube has an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the torque tube further has a terminal end, a head portion extending from the terminal end and a shank portion distal from the head portion. The head portion of the tube has a substantially constant inner and outer diameter. The head portion of the torque tube extends through the hole in the side bracket and the terminal end of the torque tube is located on a first side of the seat bracket. A linkage member is connected to the torque tube along the head portion, the linkage member configured to rotate with the torque tube for adjusting the vehicle seat frame. A bushing having a first portion having a first inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube is also provided. The bushing has a second portion having a second inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular member of the side bracket. The bushing is positioned on the torque tube and located between the linkage member and the side bracket and the annular member of the side bracket is at least partially received in the second portion of the bushing. The torque tube has an expanded diameter portion located between the terminal end of the torque tube and the side bracket and the expanded diameter portion of the torque tube axially locks the side bracket and the bushing against the linkage member.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a stability measurements chart for torsion tubes alternatively swaged.
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle seat frame assembly with tube having annular beading according to one exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a digital image of a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a digital image of a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a digital image of a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a digital image of a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a digital image of a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematically depicted perspective view of a swaging tool with expandable die according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a partial schematic perspective view of a swaging tool with expandable die having a protrusion for radial beading in a vehicle seat frame assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a vehicle seat having a torsion tube internally swage locked to a side bracket according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a lip portion of the torsion tube after swaging.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the FIGS. and particularly to FIGS. 2-7, a vehicle seat frame assembly 10 for use in an automobile (not shown) or other transportation device having occupant seating is illustrated. The vehicle seat frame assembly 10 is configured to tilt the entire assembly upward at its rear and front ends. The vehicle seat frame assembly 10 includes a pair of side brackets 20 (or B-brackets) configured to support a seat cushion of the seat frame assembly 10. A seat track adjuster 50 and floor brackets 30 are provided for connecting the vehicle seat frame assembly 10 to the vehicle.
The vehicle seat assembly 10 includes in-board and out-board pivot linkages 40 coupled to fore and aft torsion tubes 60 and configured to rotate with respect to floor (or support) brackets 30. The pivot linkages 40 may be manually driven or the may be power driven by an adjuster having an electric motor for automatic control of the pivot linkages 40.
A set of pivot linkages 40 are encompassed in the front end of the seat frame 10 and a set of pivot linkages 40 are encompassed in the rear end 70 of the seat frame 10. Pivot linkages 40 act as a lever (or bell crank) for lifting or tilting the rear and front portions of the seat assembly 10 with respect to the vehicle floor. In the illustrated embodiment, rotation of the front pivot linkages 40 counter-clockwise with respect to the vehicle floor will raise the front end of the seat cushion, while rotation of the rearward pivot linkages counter-clockwise raises the rear end of the seat cushion. The pivot linkages 40 are configured to tilt the seat assembly 10 between 0 and 45 degrees with respect to the vertical axis perpendicular to the vehicle floor.
Pivot linkages 40 are coupled to the torsion tube 60 laterally extending between each side bracket 20. In one embodiment, the torsion tube 60 extends through an aperture 130 in the pivot linkage 40 and is preferably arc welded thereto. The torsion tube 60 may be affixed to the pivot linkages using any known or appropriate connection within the field. The tube 60 includes a shank portion 80 and two end portions each defining a head portion 90. The tube 60 may alternatively by contoured to provide a moment and to accommodate the profile of the vehicle floor and the seat cushion. The head portion 90 of the tube 60 is configured to fit through an extruded aperture 100 in the side bracket 20. The torsion tube 60 is rotatably coupled to the side bracket 20. A bushing 120 is placed onto the torsion tube 60 and supports rotation of the torsion tube 60 with respect to the side bracket 20. In one embodiment, the torsion tube 60 is composed of steel or other metallic alloy.
The head portion 90 of the torsion tube 60 includes a lip portion 150, shown schematically in FIG. 11 in an exaggerated fashion. In order to accomplish this, the torsion tube 60 is swaged at both ends. In the illustrated exemplary embodiments, the lip portion 150 is substantially annular having an inner diameter unlike the flared lip at the head portion of the prior art designs. The extendable portions 180 of the swaging tool 160 produce more consistent results by managing the mandrel stroke rather than the pressure setting as in column loading.
The aperture 100 in the side bracket 20 is preferably manufactured via an extrusion process. The extrusion process leaves a substantial free-edge or annular member 110 defining an inner diameter 115 configured to interface the outer diameter 117 of the torsion tube 60. With increased contact surface between the inner diameter 115 of the side bracket 20 and the outer diameter 117 of the torsion tube 60, the bushing 120 and/or torsion tube 60 may interface with the annular member 110 of the side bracket 20 (as shown in FIG. 2). In one embodiment, an extruded hole clearance of greater than 0.25 mm is provided for enabling manual insertion of the torsion tube 60 into the aperture 100 in the side bracket 20.
In one exemplary embodiment, the components of the vehicle seat frame assembly 10 (including the side brackets 20, torsion tube 60, pivot linkages 40, floor brackets 30, and washer(s) 140) are composed of a metal alloy (e.g., steel). A bushing 145 (or spacer) may be placed onto the torsion tube 60 between the pivot linkage 40 and side bracket 20. The bushing 120 may be a Norton bushing having a Teflon® coated portion radially adjacent the outside diameter 117 of the torsion tube 60 for smooth rotation. The expansion of the tool 160 reduces clearances between the torsion tube 60 to the bushing 120.
In one exemplary embodiment, a washer 140 is provided concentric with the head portion 90 of the torsion tube 60 and the side bracket 20. The washer 140 provides a more secure fit—axially—between the head portion 90 of the torsion tube 60 to the side bracket 20. The washer 140 is assembled or placed onto the head portion 90 of the torsion tube 60 prior to swaging.
A swaging tool 160, as shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiment of FIG. 8, includes a die portion 170 (or mandrel) configured with extendable portions 180 (or “fingers”) that extend radially outward. The swaging operation is performed after the torsion tube 60 has been inserted into the side brackets 20. When expanded, the swaging tool 160 has a larger outer diameter than the original inner diameter of the torsion tube 60. The die portion 170 applies pressure to the inner diameter of the torsion tube 60 at the head portion 90. In the illustrated embodiment, the die portion 170 includes six extendable portions 180 (or fingers). The extendable portions 180 may be pneumatically or hydraulically controlled and/or motor driven by a servo motor. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 8, extendable portions 180 of the die comprise a smooth exterior surface so that the inner diameter of the torsion tube 60 may be substantially uniformly expanded during swaging. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 9, the extendable portions 180 of the die 170 are each configured with a semi-annular, radially-extending protrusion 190. The semi-annular protrusions 190 form an annular protrusion 200, (or bead) on the outer surface of the torsion tube 60 (as shown in FIG. 2-7). The protrusion 200 is designed to interface with the washer 140 on a side of the side bracket 20. This interface creates axial loading that traps the washer 140 against the side bracket 20 and bushings 120, 145 thereby axially (or laterally) locking the assembly against the pivot linkage 40 or other feature on the torsion tube 60.
The annular protrusion 200 along with the annular member 110 overlapped by the bushing 145, reduce deflection of the seat assembly 10 as the annular protrusion 200 traps the washer 140 against the bushing 120 and side bracket 20 thereby axially and radially locking the assembly. The stability values, Sis, for the exemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 1, indicate that the deflection of the seat assembly 10 is substantially improved by the usage of internal swaging. FIG. 1 charts the measured deflection at the top of a seat assembly 10 for several variously swaged seats tested under normal highway driving conditions. Only one iteration of the internal swaging was performed in the exemplary embodiment which improved the stability of the vehicle seat frame assembly 10 to an extent greater than multiple iterations of column loading, (the SCL2 values as represented in FIG. 1). The internal swaging operation decreased the number of iterations (and overall steps) required to affix the torsion tube 60 to the side bracket 20 and improved the stability performance of the vehicle seat assembly 10. Less deflection in the seat assembly 10 also reduces joint degradation over the life cycle of the vehicle seat assembly 10. Therefore, a more secure fit leads to a longer life cycle (i.e., a more durable assembly) and better performance during the duration of usage.
One exemplary method of producing a seat frame assembly 10 includes having an internal swaging operation that is fully automated on an indexing pallet line. At each station, the head portions 90 of a torsion tube 60 are simultaneously internally swaged at each head portion. The swaging tool 160 may be configured for use with a plurality of differently sized torsion tubes 60 onto various sized side brackets 20. Moreover, the die portion 170 may be interchanged to form tubes of various sizes. Therefore, the internal swaging operation also supports a flexible manufacturing environment and can be performed for seat frame assemblies for a wide range of vehicles including cars, SUVs, trucks, minivans, airplanes, buses, trains, boats motorcycles, and any other passenger vehicle.
A method 300 of manufacturing a torsion tube 60 of the type used in a vehicle seat frame assembly 10 including a floor bracket 30, a pivotable linkage 40, and at least one side bracket 20 is provided (as shown in FIG. 10). The method includes forming an aperture in the pivot linkage 310; forming a generally cylindrical aperture in the side bracket 320; forming a torsion tube comprising a shank portion and a first and second head portions 330; inserting the torsion tube through the aperture in the side bracket and fixing the pivot linkage 340 thereto; placing a bushing onto a first head portion of the torsion tube 350; and internally swaging the first head portion of the torsion tube radially outwardly 360. The method may further include internally swaging a second head portion on the torsion tube radially outwardly. In one embodiment, the internal swaging of a second head portion on the torsion tube is performed simultaneously with the internal swaging of a head portion of the torsion tube. In another embodiment, the internal swaging of the second head portion on the torsion tube is performed sequentially with the internal swaging of the head portion of the torsion tube. The tube is preferably internally swaged at the first head portion of the torsion tube to include an annular protrusion extending from an outer surface of the torsion tube. In one embodiment, the generally cylindrical aperture in the side bracket is formed through an extrusion process to include an annular member. Insertion of the torsion tube in the side bracket occurs prior to the internal swaging of the first head portion. In another embodiment the method includes placing a washer onto the first head portion of the torsion tube prior to internally swaging the first head portion.
It should also be noted that the seat adjuster systems and methods disclosed herein can be used in a variety of vehicle seat systems (e.g., front seats including both a driver's seat or a passenger's seat, second or third row seats, bucket seats, bench seats, etc.) for automobiles such as cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, buses, and the like; airplanes, boats, etc. and other non-vehicle seat applications wherein it would be desirable to tilt the seat. It should further being noted that while the inventions will be described in detail herein with reference to a vertical lift system of a seat adjuster system, the inventions may be equally applicable for use with any other portion of a seat adjuster system (e.g., horizontal drive systems, angular displacement systems, etc.). All such variations are intended to be within the scope of the inventions.
While the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the FIGS. and described above are presently preferred, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. For example, the teachings herein can be applied to any seat frame assembly and are not limited to vehicle seat frames. Accordingly, the present seat frame assembly is not limited to a particular embodiment but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A vehicle seat frame assembly, comprising:
a side bracket having at least one aperture extending therethrough, the aperture having a diameter in a radial direction of the aperture and a longitudinal length in a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal length of the aperture equaling a thickness of the side bracket in the longitudinal direction, the radial direction being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction;
a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket;
a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket, wherein the linkage comprises an aperture;
a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage, wherein the torsion tube includes a head portion at an end of the torsion tube and a shank portion in a middle of the torsion tube; and
a bushing radially aligned between the torsion tube and the aperture of the side bracket such that an inner surface of the bushing directly abuts an outer diameter of the torsion tube and an outer surface of the bushing directly abuts an inner circumferential surface of the aperture of the side bracket;
wherein the torsion tube and the bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure;
wherein the torsion tube comprises a first inner diameter at the head portion and a second inner diameter at the shank portion, the first inner diameter being larger than the second inner diameter; and
wherein the first inner diameter of the torsion tube is constant along a longitudinal portion of the torsion tube in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal portion of the torsion tube extending in the longitudinal direction through the aperture of the side bracket along the entire longitudinal length of the aperture of the side bracket.

2. The vehicle seat frame assembly of claim 1, further comprising a washer secured onto the torsion tube, wherein the washer is configured to interface with the torsion tube during the internal swaging procedure.

3. The vehicle seat frame assembly of claim 1, wherein the bushing is a Norton bushing comprising a Teflon surface.

4. The vehicle seat frame assembly of claim 1, wherein the side bracket comprises an extended portion surrounding the aperture of the side bracket and wherein the extended portion is configured to mate with the bushing.

5. The vehicle seat frame assembly of claim 1, further comprising an annular protrusion formed in the head portion of the torsion tube, wherein the protrusion is configured to axially secure a washer and the bushing in place.

6. A vehicle seat frame assembly, comprising:
a side bracket having at least one aperture extending therethrough;
a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket;
a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket, wherein the linkage comprises an aperture;
a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage, wherein the torsion tube includes a head portion at an end of the torsion tube and a shank portion in a middle of the torsion tube; and
a bushing radially aligned between an outer diameter of the torsion tube and a diameter of the aperture of the side bracket;
wherein the torsion tube comprises an inner diameter;
wherein the torsion tube and the bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure;
wherein the torsion tube comprises an annular lip portion at the head portion;
wherein the inner diameter of the torsion tube at the lip portion is constant and larger than the inner diameter of the torsion tube at the shank portion; and
wherein the linkage is arc welded onto the torsion tube.

7. A vehicle seat assembly with a frame, comprising:
a side bracket having at least one aperture extending therethrough;
a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket;
a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket, wherein the linkage comprises an aperture;
a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage, wherein the torsion tube includes a head portion and a shank portion;
a washer secured onto the torsion tube; and
a bushing radially aligned between an outer diameter of the torsion tube and a diameter of the aperture of the side bracket;
wherein the torsion tube and the bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure;
wherein the torsion tube comprises an annular lip portion at the head portion;
wherein an inner diameter of the torsion tube is constant at the lip portion, and
wherein the washer is configured to abut the torsion tube after the internal swaging procedure.

8. The vehicle seat of claim 7, wherein the side bracket is coupled to a seat cushion and configured to tilt the seat cushion with respect to the floor bracket.

9. The vehicle seat of claim 7, wherein the inner diameter of the torsion tube at the lip portion is larger than the inner diameter of the torsion tube at the shank portion.

10. The vehicle seat frame assembly of claim 7, wherein the bushing is a Norton bushing comprising a Teflon surface.

11. A vehicle seat assembly with a frame, comprising:
a side bracket having at least one aperture extending therethrough;
a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket;
a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket, wherein the linkage comprises an aperture;
a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage, wherein the torsion tube includes a head portion and a shank portion; and
a bushing radially aligned between an outer diameter of the torsion tube and a diameter of the aperture of the side bracket,
wherein the torsion tube and the bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure,
wherein the torsion tube comprises an annular lip portion at the head portion,
wherein an inner diameter of the torsion tube is constant at the lip portion,
wherein the side bracket comprises an extended portion surrounding the aperture in the side bracket, and
wherein the extended portion is configured to mate with the bushing.

12. A vehicle seat assembly with a frame, comprising:
a side bracket having at least one aperture extending therethrough;
a floor bracket indirectly coupled to the side bracket;
a linkage configured to pivotably couple the side bracket to the floor bracket, wherein the linkage comprises an aperture;
a torsion tube extendable through the aperture of the side bracket and extendable through the aperture of the linkage, wherein the torsion tube includes a head portion and a shank portion;
a bushing radially aligned between an outer diameter of the torsion tube and a diameter of the aperture of the side bracket; and
an annular protrusion formed in the head portion of the torsion tube,
wherein the torsion tube and the bushing are fitted onto the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure,
wherein the torsion tube comprises an annular lip portion at the head portion,
wherein an inner diameter of the torsion tube is constant at the lip portion, and
wherein the protrusion is configured axially to secure a washer and the bushing in place.

13. A vehicle seat frame assembly, comprising:
a seat bracket having an extruded aperture defining an annular member having an inner diameter and an outer diameter;
a torque tube having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the torque tube further having a terminal end, a head portion extending from the terminal end and a shank portion distal from the head portion, the head portion of the tube having substantially constant inner and outer diameters, wherein the head portion of the tube extends through the aperture of the seat bracket and the terminal end of the torque tube is located on a first side of the seat bracket;
a linkage member connected to the torque tube along the head portion, the linkage member being configured to rotate with the torque tube for adjusting a vehicle seat frame;
a bushing having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube, the bushing being positioned on the torque tube and located between the linkage member and the seat bracket;
a washer having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube, the washer being positioned on the torque tube and located on the first side of the seat bracket;
wherein the torque tube has an expanded diameter portion located between the terminal end of the torque tube and the washer and the expanded diameter portion of the torque tube axially locks the washer, the seat bracket and the bushing against the linkage member.

14. A vehicle seat frame assembly, comprising:
a side bracket having an extruded aperture defining an annular member having an inner diameter and an outer diameter;
a torque tube having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, the torque tube further having a tenninal end, a head portion extending from the terminal end and a shank portion distal from the head portion, the head portion of the tube having substantially constant inner and outer diameters, wherein the head portion of the torque tube extends through the aperture of the side bracket and the terminal end of the torque tube is located on a first side of the side bracket;
a linkage member connected to the torque tube along the head portion, the linkage member being configured to rotate with the torque tube for adjusting a vehicle seat frame;
a bushing having a first portion having a first inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the torque tube, the bushing having a second portion having a second inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular member of the side bracket, the bushing being positioned on the torque tube and located between the linkage member and the side bracket and the annular member of the side bracket is at least partially received in the second portion of the bushing;
wherein the torque tube has an expanded diameter portion located between the terminal end of the torque tube and the side bracket and the expanded diameter portion of the torque tube axially locks the side bracket and the bushing against the linkage member.