# Patent

## Title
Method, apparatus and storage medium for provisioning WLAN parameters via a cordless phone protocol

## Abstract

A method and apparatus for provisioning a communication device is disclosed. An apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a communication device having a controller element that establishes wireless communication with a base unit operating according to a short-range cordless phone communication protocol, and receives from the base unit provisioning information that enables a communication device to establish wireless communications with an access point operating according to a wireless fidelity (WiFi) communications protocol. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,497, filed Jan. 31, 2006, by Raftelis et al., entitled “Method for Reducing Radio Interference between Wireless Access Points.”
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates generally to provisioning techniques, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for provisioning a communication device.
BACKGROUND
Wireless networking eliminates the use of cables thereby offering users greater mobility. A common form of wireless networking is wireless fidelity—also known as WiFi. Often a communication device can be in the vicinity of more than one WiFi access point. In such situations the communication device generally needs to be directed to select one of the access points, and for access points configured for secure communications, an encryption key (e.g., WiFi Protected Access or Wired Equivalency Privacy) has to be supplied. For users without technical expertise this process can be undesirable.
A need therefore arises for a method and apparatus for provisioning a communication device.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a communication system;
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a communication device operating in the communication system;
FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary method operating in portions of the communication system; and
FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, when executed, may cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies disclosed herein.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for provisioning a communication device.
In a first embodiment of the present disclosure, a communication device can have a controller element that establishes wireless communication with a base unit operating according to a short-range cordless phone communication protocol, and receives from the base unit provisioning information that enables a communication device to establish wireless communications with an access point operating according to a wireless fidelity (WiFi) communications protocol.
In a second embodiment of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium in a base unit can have instructions for establishing wireless communications with a communication device according to a short-range cordless phone communication protocol, and transmitting to a communication device provisioning information that enables the communication device to establish wireless communications with an access point operating according to a WiFi communications protocol.
In a third embodiment of the present disclosure, a method can involve transporting WiFi provisioning information over a short-range cordless phone communication medium.
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a communication system 100. The communication system 100 can comprise one or more communication devices 102, a base unit 104, an access point (AP) 106, an Ethernet hub 108, a router 110, and a modem 112 coupled to the Internet by way of common interfaces (e.g., xDSL, cable, satellite, etc.). The AP 106 forms a wireless network between the communication devices 102 and the Internet 114 by way of the combined operations of the hub 108, router 110, and modem 112. The AP 106 conforms to IEEE's family of 802.11 standards (e.g., 802.11a, b, g or n) and can typically communicate with the communication devices 102 within a radius of 100 meters or so.
The Ethernet hub 108 also known as concentrator can be used for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together as a single segment. The Ethernet hub 108 is thus a form of multiport repeater. The router 110 can forward data packets across a network to a desired destination through a process known as routing. Routing occurs at Layer 3 (the network layer) of the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model. The modem 112 modulates on a forward channel an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and demodulates on a reverse channel a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The task of the modem 112 is to produce a signal that can be transmitted over a communication network and decoded to reproduce the original digital data over long distances. The modem 112 can provide broadband digital services over an xDSL, cable or other suitable interface.
The base unit 104 can include short-range cordless phone technology conforming to, for example, a Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) protocol, or a Personal Handy-phone System (PHS) protocol. The cordless phone technology allows the base unit 104 to communicate with the communication devices 102 over short distances, e.g., 50-100 meters. For cordless communications, the base unit 104 transmits and receives signals at, for example, a 5.8 GHz carrier frequency to prevent interference with the WiFi AP 106 which operates generally at a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz. The base unit 104 can monitor signals at 2.4 GHz for purposes which will be described shortly. As might be expected, the base unit 104 can be integrated in whole or in part with one or more of the above components (e.g., the AP 106, the hub 108, the router 110, and/or the modem 112).
FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of the communication device 102. The communication device 102 can comprise a wireless transceiver 202, a user interface (UI) 204, a power supply 216, and a controller 203 for managing operations of the foregoing components. The transceiver 202 is a device that has both a transmitter and receiver. The transceiver 102 can have a dual-mode function that supports a cordless phone technology as described above for the base unit 102, and WiFi communications. To establish communications with the base unit 104, the transceiver 202 transmits and receives signals at the same carrier frequency, 5.8 GHz. As noted earlier, this carrier frequency can help to prevent interference with the WiFi AP 106. In a supplemental embodiment, the transceiver 102 can also support a common plain old telephone service (POTS) wired interface.
The UI element 204 can include a keypad 206 with depressible or touch sensitive keys and a navigation element such as a navigation disk, button, roller ball, or flywheel for manipulating operations of the communication device 102. The UI element 204 can further include a display 208 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) which can be touch sensitive for manipulating operations of the communication device 102 and for conveying images to the end user of said device, and an audio system 210 that utilizes common audio technology for conveying and intercepting audible signals of the end user.
The power supply 216 can utilize common power management technologies such as replaceable batteries, supply regulation technologies, and charging system technologies for supplying energy to the components of the communication device 102 and to facilitate portable applications. Depending on the type of power supply 216 used, the communication device 102 can represent an immobile or portable communication device. The controller 203 can utilize computing technologies such as a microprocessor and/or digital signal processor (DSP) with associated storage memory such a Flash, ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other like technologies for controlling operations of the communication device 102.
The communication device 102 can represent a single operational device or a family of devices configured in a master-slave arrangement. In the latter embodiment, the components of the communication device 102 can be reused in different form factors for the master and slave terminal devices 100—see FIG. 1 (e.g., a touch-screen tablet referred to as a Frame, and a Handset).
FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary method 300 operating in portions of the communication system 100. Method 300 begins with step 302 where the communication device 102 and base unit 104 are powered up. This step can represent an end user that purchases the aforementioned devices from a service provider of communication system 100, or retail store having an association with said provider. In either case, the base unit 104 can be provisioned by a salesperson with WiFi provisioning information consistent with services which the end user has subscribed to.
In step 304 the communication device 102 establishes communications with the base unit 104 utilizing a cordless phone wireless protocol such as DECT or PHS. Typically, there are no manual steps required to enable DECT or PHS communications between the communications device 102 and the base unit 104. For exemplary purposes only, DECT will be assumed to be the protocol used between the communication device 102 and the base unit 104. Upon establishing communications, the base unit 104 determines in step 306 if the communication device 106 belongs to its network. This step can be accomplished by the communication device 102 sharing with the base unit 104 its model and serial numbers over DECT followed by the base unit 104 verifying from data stored in its memory that one or both of said numbers is recognized. If the identification supplied by the communication device 102 is not recognized, the base unit 104 proceeds to step 308 where it discontinues communications with the communication device 102 and denies attempts by the communication device 102 to access its network.
If on the other hand the communication device 102 is recognized, the base unit 104 proceeds to step 309 where it checks for sources of interference for the AP 106. A first source of interference can be other cordless phones in the vicinity utilizing a 2.4 GHz carrier frequency. If one or more 2.4 GHz phones are detected, the base unit 104 proceeds to step 310 where it instructs the end user of the communication device 102 to remove or disable 2.4 GHz communication devices to avoid interference with the AP 106.
The base unit 104 can also detect in step 309 other WiFi APs in its vicinity. To perform this step, it is assumed that the WiFi AP 106 of the base unit 104 is integrated therewith. When other WiFi APs are detected, the base unit 104 checks the channel for each of these detected devices. It is well known that WiFi channels 1, 6 and 11 do not overlap in frequency spectrum, and therefore can operate at full power with no apparent interference. The base unit 104 can utilize this known fact to select in step 312 a non-overlapping channel for the communication device 102. In the very remote possibility that channels 1, 6 and 11 have multiple interferers, the base unit 104 can measure the power levels of each interferer and select from one of channels 1, 6 or 11 having the least amount of interference.
Once a channel has been selected, the base unit 104 proceeds to step 314 where it transmits WiFi provisioning information to the communication device 102. The provisioning information includes said communication channel selection (unless no interference was detected in which case the communication channel which the base unit 104 was pre-provisioned is used), a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a static Internet Protocol Address (IP), a security ID, and/or a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) setting.
The SSID is a code attached to all packets on a WiFi network to identify each packet as part of that network. The code is a case sensitive text string which consists of a maximum of 32 alphanumeric characters. All communication devices 102 attempting to communicate with the WiFi AP 106 must share the same SSID. An IP address is a unique address assigned to each of the communication devices 102 in order to identify and communicate with each other on an IP network. Each participating network device, including a router 110, computers, and communication devices 102 can have their own unique IP address.
The security ID can represent a WiFi Protected Access (WPA) encryption key, or a Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP) encryption key. A WPA is a class of encryption keys to secure wireless communications between devices communicating by way of the WiFi AP 106. WPA is a 256 bit encryption key which is a security improvement over 128 bit WEP encryption keys. WPA implements the majority of the IEEE 802.11i standard, and was intended as an intermediate measure to take the place of WEP encryption keys. DHCP defines a set of rules used by the communications device 102 to allow said device to request and obtain an IP address from a DHCP server which has a list of IP addresses available for assignment.
To reduce the possibility of an errored transfer of WiFi provisioning information, the base unit 102 can transmit the WiFi provisioning information in step 314 with error detection and/or correction data (e.g., a cyclic redundancy check or error correction code). If the communication device 102 detects in step 316 that the WiFi provisioning information is corrupt and cannot be reconstructed, it sends the base unit 104 a request to retransmit. Otherwise, the communication device 102 proceeds to step 318 where it provisions itself with the WiFi provisioning information, and in step 320 establishes communications with the AP 106 identified by said provisioning information once it detects a strong enough WiFi beacon signal from the AP.
In step 320 the communication device 102 transmits a DHCP request directed to a DHCP server by way of the AP 106. The DHCP server can be an integral part of the base unit 104 or a server operating as a network element of an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) communication network. The DHCP server responds with a DHCP response which the communication device 102 in step 324 utilizes to configure itself. The DHCP response can include, for example, a dynamic IP address, a subnet mask, a router address, and a Domain Name Server (DNS) address. The DHCP server automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateway, and other IP parameters. Once the communication device 102 has completed step 324 it can access in step 326 the Internet 114 and other devices (e.g., printer or other computers) in the WiFi network established by the functional combination of the AP 106, the Ethernet hub 108, and the router 110, which as noted earlier can be an integral part of the base unit 104.
The embodiments of method 300 provide a means for configuring a communication device 102 with WiFi provisioning information with no manual intervention other than the possibility of requesting removal of cordless phones (step 310) that might cause interference to the AP 106. Method 300 is therefore a substantial improvement over prior art systems which generally require manual intervention to configure WiFi capable communication devices.
Upon reviewing these embodiments, it would be evident to an artisan with ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure can be modified, reduced, or enhanced without departing from the scope and spirit of the claims described below. For example, the communication devices 102 can be pre-configured with static IP address thereby obviating steps 322-324. Additionally, the interference mitigation steps (309-312) can be removed, while maintaining the steps for provisioning the communication device 102 with WiFi parameters. These are but a few examples of modifications that can be applied to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the reader is directed to the claims section for a fuller understanding of the breadth and scope of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system 400 within which a set of instructions, when executed, may cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed above. In some embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device. In some embodiments, the machine may be connected (e.g., using a network) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client user machine in server-client user network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.
The machine may comprise a server computer, a client user computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a control system, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. It will be understood that a device of the present disclosure includes broadly any electronic device that provides voice, video or data communication. Further, while a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
The computer system 400 may include a processor 402 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU, or both), a main memory 404 and a static memory 406, which communicate with each other via a bus 408. The computer system 400 may further include a video display unit 410 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD), a flat panel, a solid state display, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 400 may include an input device 412 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 414 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 416, a signal generation device 418 (e.g., a speaker or remote control) and a network interface device 420.
The disk drive unit 416 may include a machine-readable medium 422 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software 424) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein, including those methods illustrated above. The instructions 424 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 404, the static memory 406, and/or within the processor 402 during execution thereof by the computer system 400. The main memory 404 and the processor 402 also may constitute machine-readable media.
Dedicated hardware implementations including, but not limited to, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices can likewise be constructed to implement the methods described herein. Applications that may include the apparatus and systems of various embodiments broadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. Some embodiments implement functions in two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit. Thus, the example system is applicable to software, firmware, and hardware implementations.
In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods described herein are intended for operation as software programs running on a computer processor. Furthermore, software implementations can include, but not limited to, distributed processing or component/object distributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be constructed to implement the methods described herein.
The present disclosure contemplates a machine readable medium containing instructions 424, or that which receives and executes instructions 424 from a propagated signal so that a device connected to a network environment 426 can send or receive voice, video or data, and to communicate over the network 426 using the instructions 424. The instructions 424 may further be transmitted or received over a network 426 via the network interface device 420.
While the machine-readable medium 422 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions.
The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to: solid-state memories such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more read-only (non-volatile) memories, random access memories, or other re-writable (volatile) memories; magneto-optical or optical medium such as a disk or tape; and carrier wave signals such as a signal embodying computer instructions in a transmission medium; and/or a digital file attachment to e-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives is considered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more of a machine-readable medium or a distribution medium, as listed herein and including art-recognized equivalents and successor media, in which the software implementations herein are stored.
Although the present specification describes components and functions implemented in the embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standards and protocols. Each of the standards for Internet and other packet switched network transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP) represent examples of the state of the art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same functions are considered equivalents.
The illustrations of embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all the elements and features of apparatus and systems that might make use of the structures described herein. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Figures are also merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions thereof may be exaggerated, while others may be minimized. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept if more than one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 47 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.

## Claims

1. A computer-readable storage device including instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
establishing, at a base unit, a first wireless communication connection with a particular communication device, the first wireless communication connection enabling wireless communication according to a short-range cordless phone communications protocol;
sending, to the particular communication device, provisioning information that causes the particular communication device to establish a second wireless communication connection with a wireless access point;
detecting one or more sources causing interference with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the one or more sources include one or more other communication devices that are operating on a communication channel that is used by the wireless access point for the second wireless communication connection; and
sending information to the particular communication device, the information including instructions to disable the one or more other communication devices causing the interference with the second wireless communication connection.

2. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises establishing the second wireless communication connection with the particular communication device according to a digital enhanced cordless telecommunications protocol or a personal handy phone system protocol.

3. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, in response to detecting the one or more sources causing the interference with the second wireless communication connection, sending modified provisioning information to the particular communication device to reduce the interference with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the modified provisioning information enables the particular communication device to communicate with the wireless access point via the second wireless connection, and wherein the modification of the provisioning information is based on reducing the interference caused by the one or more sources.

4. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein the provisioning information includes a service set identifier, a static internet protocol address, security identification information, the communication channel, and a dynamic host configuration protocol setting.

5. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein the base unit includes the wireless access point, and wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from the particular communication device, a dynamic host configuration protocol request via the wireless access point, wherein the dynamic host configuration protocol request is directed to a dynamic host configuration protocol server; and
sending, to the particular communication device via the wireless access point, a dynamic host configuration protocol response received from the dynamic host configuration protocol server, wherein the dynamic host configuration protocol response includes a dynamic internet protocol address, a subnet mask, a router address, a domain name server address, or a combination thereof.

6. The computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises performing a verification that the particular communication device belongs to a network of the base unit, wherein the verification is based on identification information received from the particular communication device, the identification information obtained based on the first wireless communication connection.

7. A method comprising:
establishing, at a base unit, a first wireless communication connection with a particular communication device, the first wireless communication connection enabling wireless communication according to a short-range cordless phone communications protocol;
sending, to the particular communication device provisioning information that causes the particular communication device to establish a second wireless communication connection with a wireless access point;
detecting one or more sources causing interference with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the one or more sources include one or more other communication devices that are operating on a communication channel that is used by the wireless access point for the second wireless communication connection; and
sending information to the particular communication device, the information including instructions to disable the one or more other communication devices causing the interference with the second wireless communication connection.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more sources include one or more other wireless access points.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the base unit includes the wireless access point.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more sources include one or more cordless phones.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the particular communication device includes a wireless transceiver that is enabled to communicate according to the short-range cordless phone communications protocol and an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standard wireless communication protocol, and wherein the second wireless communication connection enables wireless communication according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standard wireless communication protocol.

12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 4, wherein the security identification information includes a wireless protected access encryption key or a wired equivalency privacy encryption key.

13. A system comprising:
a processor; and
a processor-readable storage device accessible to the processor, wherein the processor-readable storage device includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
establishing, at a base unit, a first wireless communication connection with a particular communication device, the first wireless communication connection enabling wireless communication according to a short-range cordless phone communications protocol;
sending, to the particular communication device, provisioning information that causes the particular communication device to establish a second wireless communication connection with a wireless access point;
detecting one or more sources causing interference with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the one or more sources include one or more other communication devices that are operating on a communication channel that is used by the wireless access point for the second wireless communication connection; and
sending information to the particular communication device, the information including instructions to disable the one or more other communication devices causing the interference with the second wireless communication connection.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the information includes additional instructions to remove the one or more other communication devices causing the interference with the second wireless communication connection.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the provisioning information includes a service set identifier, a static internet protocol address, security identification information, the communication channel, and a dynamic host configuration protocol setting.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
determines a particular communication channel utilized by each of the one or more sources causing the interference; and
selecting a second communication channel to be used by the wireless access point for the second wireless communication connection, wherein the second communication channel is distinct from the particular communication channel utilized by each of the one or more sources causing the interference.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises sending modified provisioning information to the particular communication device to reduce the interference associated with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the modified provisioning information enables the particular communication device to communicate with the wireless access point via the second wireless connection, and wherein the modified provisioning information specifies the second communication channel.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
determining a power level corresponding to each of a plurality of communication channels, wherein the plurality of communication channels are utilized by the one or more sources causing the interference;
determining a particular communication channel of the plurality of communication channels causing a least amount of the interference based on a lowest power level; and
sending modified provisioning information to the particular communication device to reduce the interference associated with the second wireless communication connection, wherein the modified provisioning information enables the particular communication device to communicate with the wireless access point via the second wireless connection, and wherein the modified provisioning information includes the particular communication channel.

19. The system of claim 13, wherein the base unit includes the wireless access point.

20. The system of claim 13, wherein the base unit establishes the second wireless communication connection with the wireless access point by:
transmitting to the wireless access point a dynamic host configuration protocol request that is directed to a dynamic host configuration protocol server; and
configuring the particular communication device according to information included in a dynamic host configuration protocol response received from the dynamic host configuration protocol server.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the dynamic host configuration protocol response includes a dynamic internet protocol address, a subnet mask, a router address, a domain name server address, or a combination thereof.

22. The system of claim 13, wherein the provisioning information includes error correction data.