II

104TH CONGRESS

2D SESSION S. 1952

To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974,

and for other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

JULY 12, 1996

Mr. THOMPSON (for himself and Mr. BIDEN) introduced the following bill;

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Act of 1974, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the

5 ‘‘Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

6 1996’’.

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for

8 this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION ACT OF 1974
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Sec. 101. Findings and definitions.

Sec. 102. Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.

Sec. 103. Authorization of appropriations for Runaway and Homeless Youth

Act.

Sec. 104. Repeals.

TITLE II—AMENDMENTS IN OTHER LAW

Sec. 201. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988.

Sec. 202. Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990.

Sec. 203. Study and report by the National Academy of Sciences.

TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Study and report by the National Academy of Sciences.

Sec. 302. Technical and conforming amendments.

1 TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO THE JUVENILE

2 JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVEN3 TION ACT OF 1974

4 SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND DEFINITIONS.

5 Title I of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre6 vention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) is amend7 ed—

8 (1) by striking sections 101 and 102 and insert9 ing the following:

10 ‘‘SEC. 101. FINDINGS.

11 ‘‘The Congress finds that—

12 ‘‘(1) recent statistics show a 60 percent in13 crease in murders committed by juveniles since

14 1984;

15 ‘‘(2) youth who commit the most serious and

16 violent offenses are becoming more violent, younger

17 offenders are engaging in more violent acts, and the
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1 number of violent youth offenders has tripled since

2 1985;

3 ‘‘(3) understaffed, overcrowded juvenile courts,

4 prosecutorial and public defender offices, probation

5 services, and correctional facilities and inadequately

6 trained staff in such courts, services, and facilities

7 are not able to provide individualized punishment or

8 effective help;

9 ‘‘(4) if recent violent crime rate trends con10 tinue, based on the projected growth of the teenage

11 population during the next decade, youth violence

12 will increase dramatically unless new, effective pre13 vention and control strategies are developed and im14 plemented;

15 ‘‘(5) illegitimacy, the decline of marriage, wel16 fare dependence, and youth violence are closely

17 interrelated;

18 ‘‘(6) there is a correlation between child abuse

19 and neglect and delinquency and violence;

20 ‘‘(7) child abuse has increased as the number of

21 babies born to drug-using parents has increased, and

22 children of these parents are at great risk of becom23 ing violent;

24 ‘‘(8) child welfare agencies fail to break the

25 cycle between abuse and delinquency;
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1 ‘‘(9) State and local communities that experi2 ence directly the devastating failures of the juvenile

3 justice system do not presently have sufficient tech4 nical expertise or adequate resources to deal com5 prehensively with the problems of juvenile delin6 quency;

7 ‘‘(10) the juvenile justice system has failed to

8 protect the public from violent youths, particularly

9 because a system of certain and graduated punish10 ment is often absent;

11 ‘‘(11) existing programs have not adequately re12 duced the increasing numbers of young people who

13 are addicted to or who abuse alcohol and other

14 drugs;

15 ‘‘(12) existing Federal programs have not fully

16 provided the research and evaluation necessary to

17 determine which programs designed to prevent youth

18 violence are effective, nor have they led to the most

19 effective dissemination of information regarding ef20 fective programs;

21 ‘‘(13) prevention and intervention are more

22 likely to be effective when directed toward younger

23 children before they commit any offenses;

24 ‘‘(14) mandates on States under the Juvenile

25 Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
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1 have been administered in too inflexible a manner,

2 and have made the Act too focused on issues unre3 lated to preventing or punishing youth violence;

4 ‘‘(15) the juvenile justice system should give ad5 ditional attention to the problem of juveniles who

6 commit serious crimes and should give greater atten7 tion to halting early acts of juvenile delinquency;

8 ‘‘(16) the high incidence of youth violence in

9 the United States results in enormous annual cost

10 and immeasurable loss of human life, personal secu11 rity, and wasted human resources; and

12 ‘‘(17) youth violence constitutes a growing

13 threat to the national welfare requiring immediate

14 and comprehensive action by the Federal Govern15 ment to reduce and prevent youth violence.

16 ‘‘SEC. 102. PURPOSES.

17 ‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—It is the purpose of this Act—

18 ‘‘(1) to provide for the thorough and ongoing

19 scientific evaluation of all federally assisted juvenile

20 justice and delinquency prevention programs and re21 search into effective means of preventing youth vio22 lence;

23 ‘‘(2) to provide technical assistance to public

24 and private nonprofit juvenile justice and delin25 quency prevention programs;
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1 ‘‘(3) to establish a centralized research and

2 evaluation effort on the problems of youth violence,

3 including the dissemination of the findings of such

4 research and all data related to youth violence;

5 ‘‘(4) to establish a Federal assistance program

6 to deal with the problems of runaway and homeless

7 youth;

8 ‘‘(5) to assist State and local governments in

9 improving the administration of justice and services

10 for juveniles who enter the system;

11 ‘‘(6) to assist States and local communities to

12 prevent youth from becoming violent offenders; and

13 ‘‘(7) to assist State and local governments in

14 punishing and controlling violent youth offenders.

15 ‘‘(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the

16 Congress to provide the necessary resources, leadership,

17 and coordination—

18 ‘‘(1) to develop an implement effective methods

19 of preventing and reducing youth violence;

20 ‘‘(2) to develop and conduct effective programs

21 to prevent delinquency, to divert juveniles from the

22 traditional juvenile justice system and to provide

23 critically needed alternatives to institutionalization;

24 ‘‘(3) to improve the quality of juvenile justice in

25 the United States;
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1 ‘‘(4) to increase the capacity of State and local

2 governments and public and private agencies to con3 duct effective juvenile justice and delinquency pre4 vention and rehabilitation programs and to provide

5 research, evaluation, and training services in the

6 field of juvenile delinquency prevention;

7 ‘‘(5) to encourage parental involvement in treat8 ment and alternative disposition programs;

9 ‘‘(6) to provide for coordination of services be10 tween State, local, and community-based agencies

11 and to promote interagency cooperation in providing

12 such services; and

13 ‘‘(7) to impose punishments, sanctions, and

14 control upon youth offenders.’’; and

15 (2) in section 103—

16 (A) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting ‘‘title

17 I of’’ after ‘‘section 401 of’’;

18 (B) in paragraph (19), by striking sub19 paragraph (A) and redesignating subparagraphs

20 (B) through (D) as subparagraphs (A) through

21 (C), respectively; and

22 (C) in paragraph (22), by redesignating

23 clauses (i) through (iii) as subparagraphs (A)

24 through (C), respectively.
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1 SEC. 102. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVEN2 TION.

3 Title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre4 vention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) is amend5 ed—

6 (1) in section 201—

7 (A) by striking ‘‘Office of Juvenile Justice

8 and Delinquency Prevention’’ and inserting

9 ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’; and

10 (B) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and

11 inserting the following:

12 ‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATOR.—The Office shall be headed

13 by an Administrator (hereafter in this title referred to as

14 the ‘Administrator’) who—

15 ‘‘(1) shall—

16 ‘‘(A) be a career appointee (as that term

17 is defined in section 3132(a)(4) of title 5, Unit18 ed States Code) having experience in juvenile

19 justice programs; and

20 ‘‘(B) report to the head of the Office of

21 Justice Programs; and

22 ‘‘(2) may prescribe regulations consistent with

23 his Act to award, administer, modify, extend, termi24 nate, monitor, evaluate, reject, or deny all grants

25 and contracts from, and applications for, funds

26 made available under this title.’’;
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1 (2) in section 204—

2 (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘Unit3 ed States’’ and all that follows before the period

4 at the end of the paragraph and inserting the

5 following: ‘‘, and shall submit such plan to the

6 Congress’’;

7 (B) in subsection (b)—

8 (i) in paragraph (1), by adding ‘‘and’’

9 at the end; and

10 (ii) by striking paragraphs (2)

11 through (7) and inserting the following:

12 ‘‘(2) reduce duplication among Federal juvenile

13 delinquency programs and activities conducted by

14 Federal departments and agencies.’’;

15 (C) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub16 section (f); and

17 (D) by striking subsection (i);

18 (3) by striking section 206 and redesignating

19 section 207 as section 206;

20 (4) in section 206, as redesignated—

21 (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘, includ22 ing’’ and all that follows through ‘‘Council’’;

23 (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and

24 with the plan’’ and all that follows before the

25 semicolon;
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1 (C) by striking paragraph (4) and redesig2 nating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4); and

3 (D) in paragraph (4), as redesignated, by

4 striking ‘‘exemplary’’ and inserting ‘‘scientif5 ically evaluated and demonstrated effective’’;

6 (5) in section 221—

7 (A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘coordi8 nating, and evaluating’’ and inserting ‘‘and co9 ordinating’’; and

10 (B) in subsection (b)—

11 (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and

12 implementation’’ and all that follows before

13 the semicolon; and

14 (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking the

15 second sentence;

16 (6) in section 222—

17 (A) in subsection (a)—

18 (i) in paragraph (2)(A)—

19 (I) by striking ‘‘(other than parts

20 D and E)’’;

21 (II) by striking ‘‘, up to

22 $400,000,’’ and inserting ‘‘up to

23 $400,000’’;
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1 (III) by striking ‘‘1992’’ the first

2 place that term appears and inserting

3 ‘‘1996,’’;

4 (IV) by striking ‘‘, up to

5 $100,000,’’ and inserting ‘‘up to

6 $100,000’’; and

7 (V) by striking ‘‘1992’’ the sec8 ond place that term appears and in9 serting ‘‘1996’’;

10 (ii) in paragraph (2)(B)—

11 (I) by striking ‘‘(other than part

12 D)’’;

13 (II) by striking ‘‘, up to

14 $600,000,’’ and inserting ‘‘up to

15 $600,000’’;

16 (III) by striking ‘‘or such greater

17 amount, up to $600,000, as is avail18 able to be allocated if appropriations

19 have been enacted and made available

20 to carry out parts D and E in the full

21 amounts authorized by section 299(a)

22 (1) and (3)’’;

23 (IV) by striking ‘‘, up to

24 $100,000,’’ and inserting ‘‘up to

25 $100,000’’; and
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1 (V) by striking ‘‘1992’’ and in2 serting ‘‘1996,’’; and

3 (iii) in paragraph (3)—

4 (I) by striking ‘‘1992’’ each place

5 that term appears and inserting

6 ‘‘1996’’; and

7 (II) by striking ‘‘allot’’ and in8 serting ‘‘allocate’’; and

9 (B) by striking subsection (d);

10 (7) by striking section 223 and inserting the

11 following:

12 ‘‘SEC. 223. STATE PLANS.

13 (a) IN GENERAL.—In order to be eligible to receive

14 formula grants under this part, each State shall—

15 ‘‘(1) ensure that not less than 75 percent of the

16 funds made available to the State under section 222,

17 whether expended directly by the State, by the unit

18 of general local government, or by a combination

19 thereof, or through grants and contracts with public

20 or private nonprofit agencies, shall be used—

21 ‘‘(A) for prevention and nonincarcerative

22 intervention, including drug and alcohol treat23 ment activities, and programs that encourage

24 courts to develop and implement a continuum

25 of post-adjudication restraints that bridge the
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1 gap between probation and confinement in a

2 correctional facility, including graduated sanc3 tions for youth offenders; and

4 ‘‘(B) for implementing a system whereby

5 every offender receives some sanction for every

6 crime, except that such funds shall not be used

7 on initiatives that the organization created by

8 section 241 determines do not prevent or reduce

9 youth violence;

10 ‘‘(2) provide for records to be kept by recipients

11 of funds made available to the State under section

12 222 sufficient for the organization created by section

13 241 to monitor whether the use of said funds has

14 prevented or reduced youth violence;

15 ‘‘(3) ensure that juveniles who are charged with

16 or who have committed offenses that would not be

17 criminal if committed by an adult (other than an of18 fense that constitutes a violation of a valid court

19 order or a violation of section 922(x) of title 18,

20 United States Code, or a similar State law), or alien

21 juveniles in custody, or such nonoffenders as de22 pendent or neglected children, shall not be placed in

23 secure detention facilities or secure correctional fa24 cilities, except that the juvenile or family court may

25 detain, after a hearing, in a secure detention facility
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1 for a limited period of time, not to exceed 72 hours,

2 a runaway, truant, or incorrigible youth, if the

3 youth—

4 ‘‘(A) received a previous official court

5 warning that an additional instance of such be6 havior would result in the secure detention of

7 that youth; or

8 ‘‘(B) the chronic behavior of the youth

9 constitutes a clear and present danger to the

10 physical or emotional well-being of the youth or

11 the physical safety of the community, if the ju12 venile’s detention is for not more than the

13 amount of time necessary to eliminate such

14 danger through detention or through other

15 treatment, and secure detention is the least re16 strictive means available for guarding the safety

17 of the youth or the community;

18 ‘‘(4) submit an annual report to the Adminis19 trator describing the status of compliance with this

20 section and containing a review of the progress made

21 by the State to achieve the deinstitutionalization of

22 juveniles described in paragraph (3) and a review of

23 the progress made by the State to provide that such

24 juveniles, if placed in facilities, are placed in facili25 ties that—
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1 ‘‘(A) are the least restrictive alternatives

2 appropriate to the needs of the child and the

3 community;

4 ‘‘(B) are in reasonable proximity to the

5 family and the home communities of such juve6 niles; and

7 ‘‘(C) provide the services described in sec8 tion 103(1);

9 ‘‘(5) provide that juveniles alleged to be or

10 found to be delinquent and youths under paragraph

11 (3) shall not be detained or confined in any institu12 tion in which they have regular contact with adult

13 persons incarcerated because they have been con14 victed of a crime or are awaiting trial on criminal

15 charges or with the part-time or full-time security

16 staff (including management) or direct-care staff of

17 a jail or lockup for adults, unless that staff has been

18 properly trained and certified by the State to deal

19 with juvenile offenders, and staff is not dealing di20 rectly with both adult and juvenile prisoners in the

21 same shift;

22 ‘‘(6) provide that no juvenile shall be detained

23 or confined in any jail or lockup for adults, except

24 that the State may permit the detention or confine25 ment of juveniles in a State-approved portion of a
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1 county jail or secure detention facility for up to 72

2 hours if such exceptions are limited to areas that are

3 in compliance with paragraph (5), and—

4 ‘‘(A) are outside a metropolitan statistical

5 area; and

6 ‘‘(B) have no existing acceptable alter7 native placement that is easily accessible;

8 ‘‘(7) provide for such fiscal control and fund ac9 counting procedures necessary to assure prudent

10 use, proper disbursement, and accurate accounting

11 of funds received under this title;

12 ‘‘(8) provide reasonable assurances that Federal

13 funds made available under this part for any pe14 riod—

15 ‘‘(A) would be used to supplement and in16 crease (but not supplant) the level of the State,

17 local, and other non-Federal funds that would

18 in the absence of such Federal funds be made

19 available for the programs described in this

20 part; and

21 ‘‘(B) would not replace such State, local,

22 and other non-Federal funds; and

23 ‘‘(9) address prevention efforts to reduce the

24 proportion of juveniles detained or confined in se25 cure detention facilities, jails, and lockups who are
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1 members of minority groups, if such proportion ex2 ceeds the proportion that such groups represent in

3 the general population, and comply with the sub4 stantive requirements of section 804 of the Omnibus

5 Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968.

6 ‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—If a State fails to comply with—

7 ‘‘(1) any one of paragraph (3), (5), (6), or (9)

8 of subsection (a), in any fiscal year, the amount allo9 cated under section 299 to that State for that fiscal

10 year shall be reduced by 25 percent; and

11 ‘‘(2) any combination of paragraphs (3), (5),

12 (6), or (9) of subsection (a), in any fiscal year, the

13 amount allocated under section 299 to that State for

14 that fiscal year shall be reduced by 50 percent.

15 ‘‘(c) EFFECT OF STATE LAW.—Notwithstanding sub16 section (b), no penalty shall be imposed on any State for

17 failure to comply with the requirements of this section if

18 the State has enacted legislation conforming to such re19 quirements and containing enforcement mechanisms suffi20 cient to ensure that such legislation is enforced effec21 tively.’’;

22 (8) in section 241—

23 (A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Juvenile

24 Justice and Delinquency Prevention Office’’

25 and inserting ‘‘Office of Justice Programs’’;
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1 (B) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘Admin2 istrator’’ and inserting ‘‘Director of Juvenile

3 Justice and Delinquency Prevention (hereafter

4 in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Director’’), who

5 shall be appointed by the President, by and

6 with the advice and consent of the Senate, from

7 among individuals who have had experience in

8 juvenile justice programs or experience in sci9 entific research’’;

10 (C) in subsection (d)—

11 (i) in paragraph (1), by striking

12 ‘‘and’’ at the end;

13 (ii) by redesignating paragraph (2) as

14 paragraph (4); and

15 (iii) in paragraph (d), as redesig16 nated—

17 (I) by striking ‘‘education person18 nel recreation’’ and inserting ‘‘edu19 cation personnel, recreation’’; and

20 (II) by striking ‘‘park person21 nel,,’’ and inserting ‘‘park person22 nel,’’; and

23 (iv) by inserting after paragraph (1)

24 the following new paragraphs:
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1 ‘‘(2) for the rigorous and independent evalua2 tion of the delinquency and youth violence preven3 tion programs funded under this title;

4 ‘‘(3) funding for research and demonstration

5 projects on the nature, causes, and prevention of ju6 venile violence and juvenile delinquency; and’’;

7 (D) in subsection (e)—

8 (i) in paragraph (4), by adding ‘‘and’’

9 at the end;

10 (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘;

11 and’’ and inserting a period; and

12 (iii) by striking paragraph (6); and

13 (E) by striking subsection (f) and inserting

14 the following:

15 ‘‘(f) DUTIES OF THE INSTITUTE.—

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Institute shall make

17 grants and enter into contracts for the purposes of

18 evaluating programs established and funded with

19 State formula grants, research and demonstration

20 projects funded by the National Institute of Juvenile

21 Justice and Delinquency, and discretionary funding

22 of the Office of Youth Violence Reduction.

23 ‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—Evaluations and re24 search studies funded by the Institute shall—

25 ‘‘(A) be independent in nature;
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1 ‘‘(B) be awarded competitively; and

2 ‘‘(C) employ rigorous and scientifically rec3 ognized standards and methodologies, including

4 peer review by nonapplicants.’’;

5 (9) in section 242, by striking ‘‘Administrator’’

6 and inserting ‘‘Director’’;

7 (10) in section 243—

8 (A) by striking ‘‘Administrator’’ each place

9 that term appears and inserting ‘‘Director’’;

10 (B) in subsection (a)—

11 (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘seek

12 to strengthen and preserve families or

13 which’’;

14 (ii) in paragraph (3)—

15 (I) by redesignating clauses (i)

16 and (ii) as subparagraphs (A) and

17 (B), respectively; and

18 (II) in subparagraph (B), as so

19 designated, by inserting ‘‘best prac20 tices of ’’ before ‘‘information and

21 technical assistance’’;

22 (iii) in paragraph (4)—

23 (I) by striking ‘‘Encourage’’ and

24 inserting ‘‘encourage’’; and
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1 (II) by striking ‘‘take into consid2 eration’’ and all that follows before

3 the semicolon and inserting the follow4 ing ‘‘through control and incarcer5 ation, if necessary, provide therapeutic

6 intervention such as providing skills’’;

7 (iv) by striking the second paragraph

8 designated as paragraph (5) (as added by

9 section 2(g)(3) of Public Law 102–586);

10 (v) by striking paragraphs (6) and (7)

11 and inserting the following:

12 ‘‘(6) prepare, in cooperation with education in13 stitutions, with Federal, State, and local agencies,

14 and with appropriate individuals and private agen15 cies, such studies as it considers to be necessary

16 with respect to prevention of and intervention with

17 juvenile violence and delinquency and the improve18 ment of juvenile justice systems, including—

19 ‘‘(A) evaluations of programs and interven20 tions designed to prevent youth violence and ju21 venile delinquency;

22 ‘‘(B) assessments and evaluations of the

23 methodological approaches to evaluating the ef24 fectiveness of interventions and programs de-
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1 signed to prevent youth violence and juvenile

2 delinquency;

3 ‘‘(C) studies of the extent, nature, risk and

4 protective factors, and causes of youth violence

5 and juvenile delinquency;

6 ‘‘(D) comparisons of youth adjudicated

7 and treated by the juvenile justice system com8 pared to juveniles waived to and adjudicated by

9 the adult criminal justice system (including in10 carcerated in adult, secure correctional facili11 ties);

12 ‘‘(E) recommendations with respect to ef13 fective and ineffective primary, secondary, and

14 tertiary prevention interventions, including for

15 which juveniles, and under what circumstances

16 (including circumstances connected with the

17 staffing of the intervention), prevention efforts

18 are effective and ineffective; and

19 ‘‘(F) assessments of risk prediction sys20 tems of juveniles used in making decisions re21 garding pretrial detention;’’;

22 (vi) by redesignating paragraphs (8)

23 and (9) as paragraphs (7) and (8), respec24 tively;
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1 (vii) in paragraph (8), as redesig2 nated, by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and

3 (viii) by striking paragraphs (10)

4 through (13) and redesignating paragraph

5 (14) as paragraph (9); and

6 (C) in subsection (b)—

7 (i) in paragraph (1), by striking

8 ‘‘and’’ at the end;

9 (ii) in paragraph (2)—

10 (I) by striking ‘‘subsection

11 (a)(9)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection

12 (a)(8)’’; and

13 (II) by striking the period at the

14 end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and

15 (iii) by adding at the end the follow16 ing new paragraph:

17 ‘‘(3) regular reports on the record of each State

18 on objective measurements of youth violence, such as

19 the number, rate, and trend of homicides committed

20 by youths.’’;

21 (11) by striking sections 244 through 248;

22 (12) by striking the heading for subpart II of

23 part C of title II;

24 (13) by striking section 261 and redesignating

25 section 262 as section 244;
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1 (14) in section 244, as redesignated—

2 (A)(i) by striking ‘‘Administrator’’ each

3 place that term appears and inserting ‘‘Direc4 tor’’;

5 (ii) by striking ‘‘this part’’ each place it

6 appears and inserting ‘‘section 243’’;

7 (B) in subsection (b)—

8 (i) in paragraph (4), by adding ‘‘and’’

9 at the end; and

10 (ii) by striking paragraphs (5)

11 through (7) and redesignating paragraph

12 (8) as paragraph (5);

13 (C) by striking subsection (c) and inserting

14 the following:

15 ‘‘(c) FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION.—In determin16 ing whether or not to approve applications for grants and

17 for contracts under this part, the Administrator shall con18 sider—

19 ‘‘(1) whether the project uses appropriate and

20 rigorous methodology, including appropriate sam21 ples, control groups, psychometrically sound meas22 urement, and appropriate data analysis techniques;

23 ‘‘(2) the experience of the principal and co-prin24 cipal investigators in the area of youth violence and

25 juvenile delinquency;
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1 ‘‘(3) the protection offered human subjects in

2 the study, including informed consent procedures;

3 and

4 ‘‘(4) the cost-effectiveness of the proposed

5 project.’’;

6 (D) in subsection (d)—

7 (i) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking

8 ‘‘(other than section 241(f))’’;

9 (ii) in paragraph (1)(B)—

10 (I) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘;

11 or’’ and inserting a period;

12 (II) by striking clause (ii); and

13 (III) by striking ‘‘process—’’ and

14 all that follows through ‘‘with respect

15 to programs’’ and inserting ‘‘process

16 with respect to programs’’; and

17 (iii) in paragraph (2)—

18 (I) by striking subparagraph (A)

19 and inserting the following:

20 ‘‘(A) Programs selected for assistance

21 through grants and contracts under this part

22 shall be selected after a competitive process

23 that provides potential grantees and contractors

24 with not less than 90 days to submit applica25 tions for funds. Applications for funds shall be
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1 reviewed through a formal peer review process

2 by qualified scientists with expertise in the

3 fields of criminology, juvenile delinquency, soci4 ology, psychology, research methodology, eval5 uation research, statistics, and related areas.

6 The peer review process shall conform to the

7 process used by the National Institutes of

8 Health, the National Institute of Justice, or the

9 National Science Foundation’’; and

10 (II) in subparagraph (B), by

11 striking ‘‘Committee on Education

12 and Labor’’ and inserting ‘‘Committee

13 on Economic and Educational Oppor14 tunities’’;

15 (15) by striking parts D, E, F, G, and H;

16 (16) by striking the first part designated as

17 part I and redesignating the second part designated

18 as part I (as added by section 2(i)(1)(A) of Public

19 Law 102–586) as part D;

20 (17) in section 299—

21 (A) by striking subsections (a) through (c)

22 and inserting the following:

23 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap24 propriated to carry out this title $160,000,000 for each

25 of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, and 20000, of which—
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1 ‘‘(1) $70,000,000 shall be expended for State

2 formula grants;

3 ‘‘(2) $70,000,000 shall be made available to the

4 National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delin5 quency Prevention for research, demonstration, and

6 evaluation, of which not less than $28,000,000 shall

7 be made available for evaluation research of pri8 mary, secondary, and tertiary juvenile delinquency

9 prevention programs;

10 ‘‘(3) $16,000,000 shall be expended for child

11 protection, of which $7,000,000 shall be made avail12 able to carry out title IV; and

13 ‘‘(4) not more than $4,000,000 shall be ex14 pended for administrative costs.

15 ‘‘(b) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts made available under

16 this section shall remain available until expended.’’;

17 (B) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub18 section (c); and

19 (C) by striking subsection (e); and (18) in

20 section 299A—

21 (A) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ‘‘Of22 fice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre23 vention’’ and inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Vio24 lence Reduction’’; and
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1 (B) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘The Ad2 ministrator’’ and inserting ‘‘Except with respect

3 to paragraphs (3), (5), (6), and (9) of section

4 223(a), the Administrator’’.

5 SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR RUN6 AWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH ACT.

7 Section 385 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

8 Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5751) is amended by—

9 (1) striking subsections (a) and (b) and insert10 ing the following:

11 ‘‘(a) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry

12 out this title—

13 ‘‘(1) $69,000,000 for fiscal year 1997; and

14 ‘‘(2) such sums as may be necessary for each

15 of fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000.’’; and

16 (2) redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as

17 subsections (b) and (c), respectively.

18 SEC. 104. REPEALS.

19 (a) SPECIAL STUDY AND REPORT.—Section 409 of

20 the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

21 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5778) is repealed.

22 (b) INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY

23 PREVENTION PROGRAMS.—Title V of the Juvenile Justice

24 and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5781

25 et seq.) is repealed.
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1 TITLE II—AMENDMENTS IN OTHER LAW

2 SEC. 201. ANTI-DRUG ABUSE ACT OF 1988.

3 The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 11801

4 et seq.) is amended—

5 (1) in title III, by striking subtitles B and C;

6 and

7 (2) by striking section 7295.

8 SEC. 202. VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE ACT OF 1990.

9 The Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C.

10 13001 et seq.) is amended—

11 (1) in section 214B—

12 (A) by striking ‘‘1993’’ each place that

13 term appears and inserting ‘‘1997’’; and

14 (B) by striking ‘‘1994, 1995, and 1996’’

15 each place that term appears and inserting

16 ‘‘1998, 1999, and 2000’’;

17 (2) in section 217(a), by striking ‘‘Office of Ju18 venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in19 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’; and

20 (3) in section 223—

21 (A) in subsection (a)—

22 (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘to

23 national organizations’’;

24 (ii) by striking ‘‘(1)’’; and

25 (iii) by striking paragraph (2); and
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1 (B) by striking subsections (b) and (c)

2 and inserting the following:

3 (b) GRANT CRITERIA.—The Administrator shall

4 make grants under subsection (a) consistent with sections

5 244, 299B, and 299E of title II of the Juvenile Justice

6 and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974.’’.

7 TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

8 SEC. 301. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY

9 OF SCIENCES.

10 (a) STUDY.—The Attorney General shall enter into

11 a contract with the National Academy of Sciences (or,

12 upon the refusal of the National Academy of Sciences, an13 other public or nonprofit private entity having expertise

14 in juvenile justice, law enforcement, corrections, adjudica15 tion, psychology, criminal justice, and other related areas)

16 to conduct a study concerning—

17 (1) the efficacy of the mandates described in

18 paragraphs (3), (5), (6), and (9) of section 223(a)

19 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

20 Act of 1974 (as amended by this Act) in achieving

21 the goals of reducing crime and violence by juveniles,

22 the safety of children in the juvenile justice system,

23 and preventing juveniles from committing crimes of

24 violence;
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1 (2) the status of research and information on

2 the causes of, and responses to, the problems of

3 crime and violence by juveniles;

4 (3) issues and topics relating to the causes of,

5 and responses to, the problems of crime and violence

6 by juveniles that merit further research;

7 (4) methodological approaches to evaluate the

8 effectiveness of violence and delinquency prevention

9 efforts;

10 (5) the efficacy of practices of Federal, State,

11 and local agencies at controlling, reducing, and pre12 venting crime and violence by juveniles; and

13 (6) an appropriate agenda and budget for con14 tinuing research on the problems of crime and vio15 lence by juveniles to be administered by the Attorney

16 General.

17 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 12 months after the

18 date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General

19 shall—

20 (1) submit to the Committee on the Judiciary

21 of the Senate and the Committee on Economic and

22 Educational Opportunities of the House of Rep23 resentatives a report describing the results of the

24 study conducted under subsection (a); and
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1 (2) make copies of such report available upon

2 request to members of the public.

3 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There

4 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section

5 $600,000 for fiscal year 1997.

6 SEC. 302. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

7 (a) JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVEN8 TION ACT OF 1974.—the Juvenile Justice and Delin9 quency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. et seq.) is

10 amended—

11 (1) in section 217(a), by striking ‘‘Office of Ju12 venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in13 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’;

14 (2) in section 222, by striking ‘‘Office of Juve15 nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in16 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’; and

17 (3) in section 403(2), by striking ‘‘Office of Ju18 venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in19 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’.

20 (b) TITLE 5.—Section 5315 of subchapter II of chap21 ter 53 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by strik22 ing ‘‘Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delin23 quency Prevention’’.

24 (c) TITLE 18.—Section 4351(b) of title 18, United

25 States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Office of Juvenile
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1 Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and inserting ‘‘Of2 fice of Youth Violence Reduction’’.

3 (d) TITLE 39.—Section 3220 of title 39, United

4 States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Office of Juvenile

5 Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ each place that term

6 appears and inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduc7 tion’’.

8 (e) SOCIAL SECURITY ACT.—Section 463(f) of the

9 Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 663(f)) is amended by

10 striking ‘‘Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre11 vention’’ and inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduc12 tion’’.

13 (f) OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE STREETS

14 ACT OF 1968.—The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe

15 Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amend16 ed—

17 (1) in section 102(a)(5), by striking ‘‘Office of

18 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and

19 inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’;

20 (2) in section 801, by striking ‘‘Office of Juve21 nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ each place

22 that term appears and inserting ‘‘Office of Youth

23 Violence Reduction’’;

24 (3) in section 804, by striking ‘‘Office of Juve25 nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ each place
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1 that term appears and inserting ‘‘Office of Youth

2 Violence Reduction’’;

3 (4) in section 805, by striking ‘‘Office of Juve4 nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in5 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’;

6 (5) in section 813, by striking ‘‘Office of Juve7 nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and in8 serting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’;

9 (6) in section 1701(a) by striking ‘‘Office of

10 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and

11 inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’; and

12 (7) in section 2501(a)(2), by striking ‘‘Office of

13 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and

14 inserting ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’.

15 (g) NATIONAL CHILD PROTECTION ACT OF 1993.—

16 Section 2(f) of the National Child Protection Act of 1993

17 (42 U.S.C. 5119(f)) is amended by striking ‘‘Office of Ju18 venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’’ and inserting

19 ‘‘Office of Youth Violence Reduction’’.

20 (h) OTHER REFERENCES.—Any reference in any

21 Federal law, Executive order, rule, regulation, or delega22 tion of authority, or any document of or relating to the

23 Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention es24 tablished under section 201 of the Juvenile Justice and

25 Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as in effect on the
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1 day before the date of enactment of this Act, shall be

2 deemed to refer to the Office of Youth Violence Reduction

3 established under section 201 of the Juvenile Justice and

4 Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended by this

5 Act.

Æ