IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

Assigned on Briefs August 1, 2006

OCTAVIAN DEMETRIUS REEVES v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County

No. C-05-79 Roger A. Page, Judge

No. W2005-02244-CCA-R3-PC - Filed August 22, 2006

The petitioner, Octavian Demetrius Reeves, appeals the Madison County Circuit Court’s dismissal

of his petition for post-conviction relief from his conviction for second degree murder and resulting

sentence of twenty-five years. On appeal, the petitioner claims that he received the ineffective

assistance of counsel because his attorney failed to cross-examine witnesses thoroughly and failed

to file a motion for a change of venue. We affirm the trial court’s dismissal of the petition. 

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

JOSEPH M.TIPTON,J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID G.HAYES and ROBERT W.

WEDEMEYER, JJ., joined.

J. Colin Morris, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Octavian Demetrius Reeves.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; J. Ross Dyer, Assistant Attorney General; James

G. (Jerry) Woodall, District Attorney General; and Alfred Lynn Earls, Assistant District Attorney

General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

In affirming the conviction and sentence, this court on direct appeal summarized the facts

supporting the petitioner’s conviction:

Reuben Fairchild, who was fifteen years old at the time of the

victim’s death, testified that he was approached by the defendant with

a request to write a note for him. The defendant complained that the

[proprietor] of Royal Street Grocery had refused to sell him cigarettes

because the defendant did not have an identification card. The

witness wrote a note, as dictated by the defendant, which read as

follows:
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Hey there. Look--Hey, look here. There’s a new

moneymaker in town. I’m--I’m shoot up your store

cause of your color. You ain’t black so get--get the f--

k out of my city. Go somewhere else. If you look at

someone black--black person run. I will cuss. Don’t

worry--Don’t worry. You won’t know who it is, but

you have to give it up or else pop pop bang. If that

don’t work just have to blow up the store and the high

school. And I will hate to have--have kill all kids

cause the like of you.

P.S. One day you should know I go to that school, so

give it up. If you want to talk on the phone here’s my

number.

The back of the note read:

I’m not scared to get locked up. You don’t scare me

with that gun you got. Let me shoot up your store.

Please save us the--we will do this the 16th or 17th of

April. Remember the JCM High School blow up.

Only help save the kids. Bye bye sweet thing. Bring it

on. The clock is ticking.

Fairfield stated that he added certain portions not included

above by inserting the name of a person, “Shawn,” and Shawn’s

telephone number because Fairfield thought Shawn had stolen a CD

from him. Fairfield and the defendant later went to Royal Street

Grocery, and Fairfield placed the note on the store’s security gate.

On the day the defendant and Fairfield delivered the note, the

defendant displayed a gun to Fairfield and claimed he would shoot up

the store because of being refused in his attempt to buy cigarettes.

The defendant also asked Fairfield to serve as his lookout on April

17th, while the defendant carried out his plan. On that date,

[Fairfield] obtained a bathroom pass at school and left the classroom,

but became scared and returned to class without leaving school. A

teacher confirmed issuing the bathroom pass and Fairfield’s very brief

absence.

Abdalilah Awastira, the owner of Royal Street Grocery,

testified by means of an interpreter. He said that on April 17, 2001,

the victim, his uncle, was with him behind the counter at Royal Street

Grocery. A black male entered the store, crouched down, and fired
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two shots. After the first shot, the victim said “please” in English,

and the second shot hit the victim in the head. The entire episode

occurred within ten seconds. No other customers were in the store.

The witness also recalled finding, on his door, a note, which he turned

over to the police on the date of its discovery.

Officer Brock Jones, of the Jackson Police Department, stated

he was dispatched to Royal Street Grocery on April 9, 2001, and was

given the note by Mr. Awastira. The note was then turned over to the

evidence department.

Roderick Lewis, a friend of the defendant, saw the defendant

on the morning of April 17, 2001. The defendant told Lewis that

“these folks are trying to get me for a murder charge.” The defendant

then said he was “just playing.” Later that day while watching a news

account of the shooting, Lewis said that the defendant’s legs were

shaking and that he looked scared. Lewis told of an incident when

the defendant was refused the purchase of cigarettes at Royal Street

Grocery, and the defendant cursed the store attendant and said he

hated him.

In a written statement on April 23rd, the defendant admitted

firing his gun once in the grocery. He claimed that his motivation

was their refusal to sell him beer on an earlier occasion. He also

claimed that a clerk had pointed a shotgun at him at the time of the

shooting.

The defendant’s father related that he heard the defendant

make an oral statement at CityHall, wherein he admitted shooting the

victim and expressed remorse.

On April 24th, the defendant gave another written statement

confessing that he took an automatic-type gun inside Royal Street

Grocery on April 17th. He stated there were two people in the store,

and the person by the cash register pulled a gun. The defendant said

he ran from the store, pointing the gun at the men behind the counter

in an attempt to scare them. The gun fired during this time.

A forensic pathologist, Dr. Cynthia Gardner, stated the cause

of death was multiple gunshot wounds. There were two head wounds,

with one being consistent with passing through the victim’s arm first.

The victim’s right arm sustained a pass-through bullet wound.
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The jury returned a verdict of guilty of second degree murder.

After a hearing, the defendant was sentenced to twenty-five years.

State v. Octavian Demetrius Reeves, No. W2002-01313-CCA-R3-CD, Madison County, slip op. at

2-3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Jan. 22, 2004), app. denied (Tenn. May 24, 2004). 

On February 28, 2005, the petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief alleging

constitutional violations and ineffective assistance of counsel. The trial court appointed the

petitioner counsel, but counsel did not file an amended petition. 

At the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner’s trial attorney testified that he was appointed

to represent the defendant on a first degree murder charge at the circuit court level. He said he filed

a motion for discovery and obtained a copy of the preliminary hearing, which was available to him

to aid in the cross-examination of witnesses. He said that he filed a motion to suppress the

defendant’s confession but that the motion was denied. He said that in the defendant’s confession,

the defendant said that he fired a shot inside the store but did not mean to kill anybody. He said that

he talked to the petitioner about accepting a plea deal to second degree murder but that the petitioner

said he was not interested. He testified that he talked to the defendant about the lesser included

offenses of first degree murder. 

The attorney testified that their theory of the case was that the defendant went into the store

and fired the gun but that he did not intend to kill anyone and that the jury should consider the lesser

included offenses. He said the jury convicted the defendant of the lesser included offense of second

degree murder. He said they did not present anywitnesses because the defendant’s father was called

as a state’s witness, and they used the state’s witnesses to make their case. He said that there was

an outburst in court when the store owner was testifying. He said the prosecutor asked if the victim

had said anything and that Tony Ali, a member of the audience, said, “He said please.” He said the

trial court told Mr. Ali to “stop that or be quiet.” He said he did not ask for a mistrial because the

testimony of the store owner was “fairly clear as far as what happened,” and he did not think the

outburst would hurt his client. He said the trial court gave a curative instruction to the jury to

disregard Mr. Ali’s comment. He said he thought they had a good jury selected and did not think

they could have received a better jury if a mistrial were declared. 

The attorney acknowledged there was some media coverage on this case because of racial

issues. He said that he may have discussed change of venue with the defendant but that this case did

not have more publicity than other high profile cases. He said he did not think the media coverage

would prevent the defendant from getting a fair trial. He said that during sentencing, he argued that

mitigating factors applied. He said that he could not think of anything he would have done

differently in this case. 

On cross-examination, the petitioner’s attorney acknowledged that the store owner testified

for the state and had to have an interpreter. He said he did not cross-examine the store owner, Mr.

Awastira, because after hearing the store owner’s testimony, he did not believe he “was going to
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make any points by keeping him on the stand or cross-examining him.” He said that he did not

believe the store owner’s testimony had “created a lot of damage” to the defense’s theory that this

was not a premeditated killing and that he believed by cross-examining the store owner he would

have caused “more problems than I could rectify.” He acknowledged he did not object to the leading

questions asked of Lieutenant Holt or Ms. Pruitt, who were witnesses called to establish the chain

of custody of evidence. He said “there’s no point in just objecting to everything if it’s run-of-themill things that are going to be proved anyway.” He acknowledged the trial court instructed the jury

on first degree murder, second degree murder, and reckless homicide. He said there was nothing in

this case that would support adequate provocation for voluntary manslaughter as a lesser included

offense. The assistant district attorney entered portions of the transcript showing the outburst, the

testimony of Lt. Holt, and the testimony of the store owner as exhibits to the hearing. 

After considering the evidence, the trial court issued an order denying the petitioner postconviction relief and dismissing the petition. In its order, the trial court stated

2. Failure to interview or cross-examine Abdaliah Awastira.

Trial counsel testified that he did not cross examine Mr.

Awastira because the witness’ testimony did not add anything that

had not already been presented. Because the witness testified through

an interpreter, counsel felt that conducting a cross-examination when

there were no points to be made would be futile. The Court finds that

trial counsel considered the options and made a strategic decision not

to cross-examine the witness. Counsel performed effectively, and the

petitioner was not prejudiced thereby. This issue is meritless.

. . . .

5. Failure to question Lt. Michael Holt.

Trial counsel testified that he declined to cross-examine one

of the state’s witnesses, Lt. Michael Holt, because his testimony

pertained only to chain of custody issues. A review of the transcript

page supplied by petitioner supports trial counsel’s decision. Counsel

is not obligated to conduct a cross-examination of every witness.

[The petitioner’s attorney] exercised sound professional judgment in

electing not to cross-examine Lt. Holt. This claim is denied.

. . . .

7. Failure to move for a change of venue based on pretrial

publicity.

Trial counsel testified that he had been involved in other cases

in which there had been more pretrial publicity than in this case. In

those cases, counsel’s experience was that the trial court would take
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the motion for change of venue under advisement. The judge would

then try to seat a jury that had not been tainted by pretrial publicity.

In this matter, trial counsel was satisfied that the jury had not

been affected by pretrial publicity. Petitioner was not prejudiced by

counsel’s strategic decision. This claim is denied. 

. . . .

It is this Court’s opinion, based on the entire record in this

cause, the credibility of the witnesses in open court, and all of the

evidence presented, that this Petitioner has not met his burden of

proof to show that he is entitled to relief by clear and convincing

evidence. 

The petitioner contends that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel because (1) the

petitioner’s attorney failed to cross-examine Mr. Awastira and Lt. Holt, and (2) the petitioner’s

attorney failed to file a motion for change of venue. The state responds that the trial court properly

denied the petition for post-conviction relief because the defendant failed to offer any proof that he

was prejudiced by his attorney’s handling of witnesses and failed to introduce any evidence

concerning the amount of pretrial publicity involving this case. The state contends the petitioner

failed to show that counsel was ineffective or that he was prejudiced. 

The burden in a post-conviction proceeding is on the petitioner to prove his grounds for relief

by clear and convincing evidence. T.C.A. § 40-30-110(f). On appeal, we are bound by the trial

court’s findings of fact unless we conclude that the evidence in the record preponderates against

those findings. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 456 (Tenn. 2001). Because they relate to mixed

questions of law and fact, we review the trial court’s conclusions as to whether counsel’s

performance was deficient and whether that deficiency was prejudicial under a de novo standard with

no presumption of correctness. Id. at 457.

Under the Sixth Amendment, when a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is made, the

burden is on the petitioner to show (1) that counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) that the

deficiency was prejudicial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064

(1984); see Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S. 364, 368-72, 113 S. Ct. 838, 842-44 (1993). In other

words, a showing that counsel’s performance falls below a reasonable standard is not enough; rather,

the petitioner must also show that but for the substandard performance, “the result of the proceeding

would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. The Strickland standard

has been applied to the right to counsel under article I, section 9 ofthe TennesseeConstitution. State

v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417, 419 n.2 (Tenn. 1989).

A petitioner will only prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel after satisfying

both prongs of the Strickland test. See Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 580 (Tenn. 1997). The
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performance prong requires a petitioner raising a claim of ineffectiveness to show that the counsel’s

representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness or “outside the wide range of

professionally competent assistance.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690, 104 S. Ct. at 2066. The prejudice

prong requires a petitioner to demonstrate that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for

counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 694,

104 S. Ct. at 2068. “A reasonable probability means a probability sufficient to undermine

confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. Failure to satisfy either prong results in

the denial of relief. Id. at 697, 104 S. Ct. at 2069.

In Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975), our supreme court decided that

attorneys should be held to the general standard of whether the services rendered were within the

range of competence demanded of attorneysin criminal cases. Further, the court stated that the range

of competence was to be measured by the duties and criteria set forth in Beasley v. United States,

491 F.2d 687, 696 (6th Cir. 1974), and United States v. DeCoster, 487 F.2d 1197, 1202-04 (D.C. Cir.

1973). Also, in reviewing counsel’s conduct, a “fair assessment of attorney performance requires

that every effort be made to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the

circumstances of counsel’s challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel’s

perspective at the time.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065. Thus, the fact that a

particular strategy or tactic failed or even hurt the defense does not, alone, support a claim of

ineffective assistance. Deference is made to trial strategy or tactical choices if they are informed

ones based upon adequate preparation. See DeCoster, 487 F.2d at 1201.

I. CROSS-EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES

The petitioner contends that his attorney was ineffective because of his trial strategy. He

contends his attorney “should have thoroughly cross examined all of the witnesses in this case

including Mr. Awastira.” He argues that his attorney’s strategic decision not to cross-examine

witnesses, including Lt. Holt, was “futile to his case” and that he could have been convicted of an

even lesser included offense. The petitioner contends he established deficient representation and

prejudice resulting from the deficiency.

The state asserts that during the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner failed to offer any

proof that would support his claim that his attorney’s handling of Mr. Awastira or Lt. Holt was

prejudicial or deficient. The state contends the petitioner failed to show what, if any, questions could

have been asked of these witnesses and how those questions would have affected the outcome of the

trial. The state asserts the petitioner did not call either witness at the post-conviction hearing. The

state contends that the petitioner “merely concludes that the decision not to cross-examine these

witnesses was ‘futile to his case and chances of being convicted or even [sic] a lesser included

offense.’” The state contends the petitioner failed to show how counsel was ineffective in handling

these witnesses, and therefore, failed to meet his burden.
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At the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner’s attorney testified that he did not crossexamine Mr. Awastira because “[i]t did not appear to me, after listening to the testimony of the store

owner, that I was going to make any points by keeping him on the stand or cross-examining him.”

He also testified that Lt. Holt’s testimony was about the chain of custody of evidence and that

“there’s no point in just objecting to everything if it’s run-of-the-mill things that are going to be

proved anyway.” The petitioner failed to introduce any evidence as to how his attorney’s trial

strategy in not cross-examining these witnesses prejudiced his defense. The petitioner failed to call

either Mr. Awastira or Lt. Holt as witnesses. See Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757-58 (Tenn.

Crim. App. 1990) (“When a petitioner contends that his trial counsel failed to discover, interview,

or present witnesses in support of his defense, these witnesses should be presented by the petitioner

at the evidentiary hearing.”). The post-conviction court found that the petitioner’s attorney

performed effectively. We conclude that the record supports the trial court’s finding and that the

petitioner is not entitled to relief on this issue.

II. CHANGE OF VENUE

The petitioner contends his attorney should have made a motion for a change of venue based

on the pretrial publicity and in failing to make the motion, his attorney’s strategy proved adverse to

his case. The petitioner contends he established deficient representation and prejudice resulting from

the deficiency.

The state asserts the petitioner failed to introduce any proof during the post-conviction

hearing concerning the amount of pretrial publicity. It also asserts the only testimony concerning

publicity given by the petitioner’s attorney was that the pretrial publicity in this case was no greater

than any other case. The state contends that other than asking one question about pretrial publicity,

the petitioner failed to offer any proof showing the amount or type of publicity his case received

before trial. The state contends the petitioner failed to offer any proof to either the post-conviction

court or on appeal that would support his claim. 

At the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner failed to introduce any evidence of pretrial

publicity. The petitioner’s attorney testified that 

It was not really a case that had more publicity than a lot of

the other high profile cases we’ve had here. It did have a fair amount

of publicity, as I recall, for the reasons that you’ve suggested. But I

did not think that was going to prevent him from getting a fair trial,

based on the makeup of the jury and the way jurors are pretty openminded around here. 

The post-conviction court found that the petitioner failed to prove he was prejudiced by his

attorney’s strategic decision. We conclude that the record supports the trial court’s finding and that

the petitioner is not entitled to relief on this issue. 
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CONCLUSION

Based upon the foregoing and the record as a whole, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of

the petition for post-conviction relief. 

___________________________________ 

JOSEPH M. TIPTON, JUDGE