14-1800 

Li v. Lynch

BIA 

Vomacka, IJ 

A099 531 331

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED 

ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE 

PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT 

FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE 

(WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY 

OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for 

2 the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States 

3 Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

24th 4 day of June, two thousand fifteen. 

5 

6 PRESENT: 

7 DENNIS JACOBS,

8 PETER W. HALL, 

9 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,

10 Circuit Judges. 

11 _____________________________________ 

12 

13 LING LI, AKA LI LING, 

14 Petitioner, 

15 

16 v. 14-1800 

17 NAC 

18 

19 LORETTA E. LYNCH, UNITED STATES 

20 ATTORNEY GENERAL,*

21 Respondent. 

22 _____________________________________ 

23 

24 FOR PETITIONER: Jan Potemkin, New York, New York. 

 

* Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 43(c)(2), 

Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch is automatically substituted 

for former Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr. as Respondent. 
2

1 

2 FOR RESPONDENT: Joyce R. Branda, Acting Assistant 

3 Attorney General; Leslie McKay, 

4 Assistant Director; Sara J. Bayram, 

5 Trial Attorney, Office of 

6 Immigration Litigation, United 

7 States Department of Justice, 

8 Washington, D.C. 

9 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a 

10 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby 

11 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is 

12 DENIED. 

13 Petitioner Ling Li, a native and citizen of the People’s 

14 Republic of China, seeks review of a May 6, 2014, decision of 

15 the BIA affirming an August 29, 2012, decision of an Immigration 

16 Judge (“IJ”) denying Li’s application for asylum, withholding 

17 of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture 

18 (“CAT”). In re Ling Li, No. A099 531 331 (B.I.A. May 6, 2014), 

19 aff’g No. A099 531 331 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Aug. 29, 2012). 

20 We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts 

21 and procedural history in this case. 

22 Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed the 

23 IJ’s decision, including the portions not explicitly discussed 

24 by the BIA. Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d 
3

1 Cir. 2005). The applicable standards of review are well 

2 established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Yanqin 

3 Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir. 2009). 

4 For asylum applications governed by the REAL ID Act, such 

5 as Li’s, the agency may, considering the totality of the 

6 circumstances, base a credibility finding on an asylum 

7 applicant’s “demeanor, candor or responsiveness,” the 

8 plausibility of her account, and inconsistencies in her 

9 statements, without regard to whether they go “to the heart of 

10 the applicant’s claim.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu 

11 Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 167 (2d Cir. 2008). We “defer 

12 to an IJ’s credibility finding unless, from the totality of the 

13 circumstances, it is plain that no reasonable fact-finder could 

14 make such an adverse credibility ruling.” Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d 

15 at 167. 

16 Substantial evidence supports the agency’s adverse 

17 credibility determination, which was based on inconsistencies 

18 (1) between Li’s testimony and her previous statements, 

19 including her asylum application, her credible fear interview, 

20 and her border interview; and (2) between her testimony and her 

21 corroborating evidence. 
4

1 Li’s claim that she feared persecution because of her 

2 practice of Christianity was found incredible because, while 

3 she testified that she had never been in a church before November 

4 2009 (and submitted a letter from her church in New York stating 

5 that she began attending in November 2009), her asylum 

6 application was signed in September 2009 and stated that she 

7 had begun to attend a Christian church. She also submitted a 

8 letter from her mother, dated October 2009, which said that Li 

9 had told her she was attending a Christian church. Li’s 

10 attempted explanations -- that she had heard of and was 

11 interested in Christianity, possibly had gone to religious 

12 events, or planned to go to church in the future-- do not compel 

13 a reasonable fact-finder to credit her testimony. Majidi v. 

14 Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80-81 (2d Cir. 2005). 

15 Regarding her claim that she feared persecution at the 

16 hands of her father, her testimony flatly contradicted her 

17 border interview, at which she stated that she did not fear 

18 persecution in China, but wanted to make money in the United 

19 States and bring her parents to the country. The record of the 

20 border interview was in question-and-answer format, 

21 typewritten, and initialed by Li on each page. The border 
5

1 officer explained the purpose of the interview to her, said that 

2 legal protection was available to persons who fear persecution 

3 in her country, and asked her open-ended questions with the help 

4 of a translator. Accordingly, the interview bears the 

5 “hallmarks of accuracy and reliability,” and the agency did not 

6 err in relying on it to find Li incredible. Ramsameachire v. 

7 Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 169, 181 (2d Cir. 2004). 

8 Li’s claim on appeal that she is eligible for CAT relief 

9 based on her practice of Christianity is unexhausted, because 

10 before the BIA her CAT claim rested on a different factual basis: 

11 that she would be tortured for having exited China illegally. 

12 The Government argues that we may not consider Li’s CAT claim 

13 regarding Christianity because she failed to exhaust it. We 

14 agree. See Lin Zhong v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 104, 

15 107 n.1 (2d Cir. 2007). 

16 Because the only threats to Li’s life or freedom depend upon 

17 her credibility, the adverse credibility determination is 

18 dispositive of her application for asylum and withholding of 

19 removal. Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156 (2d Cir. 2006). 

20 Accordingly, we need not consider the agency’s alternative 

21 finding, that Li had not met her burden of proof even assuming 
6

1 her credibility. See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976) 

2 (“As a general rule, courts and agencies are not required to 

3 make findings on issues the decision of which is unnecessary 

4 to the results they reach.”). 

5 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is 

6 DENIED. 

7 FOR THE COURT: 

8 Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk