II

104TH CONGRESS

1ST SESSION S. 465

To amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to provide congressional authorization

for restrictions on receipt of out-of-State municipal solid waste and

for State control over transportation of municipal solid waste, and for

other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

FEBRUARY 23 (legislative day, FEBRUARY 22), 1995

Mr. BAUCUS introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred

to the Committee on Environmental and Public Works

A BILL

To amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to provide congressional authorization for restrictions on receipt of outof-State municipal solid waste and for State control over

transportation of municipal solid waste, and for other

purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘State and Local Gov5 ernment Interstate Waste Control Act of 1995’’.
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1 SEC. 102. INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL

2 OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE.

3 Subtitle D of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42

4 U.S.C. 6941 et seq.) is amended by adding after section

5 4010 the following new section:

6 ‘‘SEC. 4011. INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL

7 OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE.

8 ‘‘(a) RESTRICTION ON RECEIPT OF OUT-OF-STATE

9 WASTE.—

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—(A) Except as provided in

11 subsections (c), (e), and (h), effective January 1,

12 1996, a landfill or incinerator in a State may not re13 ceive for disposal or incineration any out-of-State

14 municipal solid waste unless the owner or operator

15 of such landfill or incinerator obtains explicit author16 ization (as part of a host community agreement)

17 from the affected local government to receive the

18 waste.

19 ‘‘(B) An authorization granted after enactment

20 of this section pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall—

21 ‘‘(i) be granted by formal action at a meet22 ing;

23 ‘‘(ii) be recorded in writing in the official

24 record of the meeting; and

25 ‘‘(iii) remain in effect according to its

26 terms.
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1 ‘‘(C) An authorization granted pursuant to sub2 paragraph (A) may specify terms and conditions, in3 cluding an amount of out-of-State waste that an

4 owner or operator may receive and the duration of

5 the authorization.

6 ‘‘(D) Promptly, but not later than 90 days after

7 such an authorization is granted, the affected local

8 government shall notify the Governor, contiguous

9 local governments, and any contiguous Indian tribes

10 of an authorization granted under this subsection.

11 ‘‘(2) INFORMATION.—Prior to seeking an au12 thorization to receive out-of-State municipal solid

13 waste pursuant to this subsection, the owner or op14 erator of the facility seeking such authorization shall

15 provide (and make readily available to the Governor,

16 each contiguous local government and Indian tribe,

17 and any other interested person for inspection and

18 copying) the following information:

19 ‘‘(A) A brief description of the facility, in20 cluding, with respect to both the facility and

21 any planned expansion of the facility, the size,

22 ultimate waste capacity, and the anticipated

23 monthly and yearly quantities (expressed in

24 terms of volume) of waste to be handled.
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1 ‘‘(B) A map of the facility site indicating

2 location in relation to the local road system and

3 topography and hydrogeological features. The

4 map shall indicate any buffer zones to be ac5 quired by the owner or operator as well as all

6 facility units.

7 ‘‘(C) A description of the then current en8 vironmental characteristics of the site, a de9 scription of ground water use in the area (in10 cluding identification of private wells and public

11 drinking water sources), and a discussion of al12 terations that may be necessitated by, or occur

13 as a result of, the facility.

14 ‘‘(D) A description of environmental con15 trols typically required to be used on the site

16 (pursuant to permit requirements), including

17 run on or run off management (or both), air

18 pollution control devices, source separation pro19 cedures (if any), methane monitoring and con20 trol, landfill covers, liners or leachate collection

21 systems, and monitoring programs. In addition,

22 the description shall include a description of

23 any waste residuals generated by the facility,

24 including leachate or ash, and the planned man25 agement of the residuals.
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1 ‘‘(E) A description of site access controls

2 to be employed, and roadway improvements to

3 be made, by the owner or operator, and an esti4 mate of the timing and extent of increased local

5 truck traffic.

6 ‘‘(F) A list of all required Federal, State,

7 and local permits.

8 ‘‘(G) Estimates of the personnel require9 ments of the facility, including information re10 garding the probable skill and education levels

11 required for jobs at the facility. To the extent

12 practicable, the information shall distinguish

13 between employment statistics for

14 preoperational and postoperational levels.

15 ‘‘(H) Any information that is required by

16 State or Federal law to be provided with re17 spect to any violations of environmental laws

18 (including regulations) by the owner, the opera19 tor, and any subsidiary of the owner or opera20 tor, the disposition of enforcement proceedings

21 taken with respect to the violations, and correc22 tive action and rehabilitation measures taken as

23 a result of the proceedings.

24 ‘‘(I) Any information that is required by

25 State or Federal law to be provided with re-
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1 spect to gifts and contributions made by the

2 owner or operator.

3 ‘‘(J) Any information that is required by

4 State or Federal law to be provided with re5 spect to compliance by the owner or operator

6 with the State solid waste management plan.

7 ‘‘(3) NOTIFICATION.—Prior to taking formal

8 action with respect to granting authorization to re9 ceive out-of-State municipal solid waste pursuant to

10 this subsection, an affected local government shall—

11 ‘‘(A) notify the Governor, contiguous local

12 governments, and any contiguous Indian tribes;

13 ‘‘(B) publish notice of the action in a

14 newspaper of general circulation at least 30

15 days before holding a hearing and again at

16 least 15 days before holding the hearing, except

17 where State law provides for an alternate form

18 of public notification; and

19 ‘‘(C) provide an opportunity for public

20 comment in accordance with State law, includ21 ing at least 1 public hearing.

22 ‘‘(b) ANNUAL STATE REPORT.—

23 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Within 90 days after enact24 ment of this section and on April 1 of each year

25 thereafter the owner or operator of each landfill or
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1 incinerator receiving out-of-State municipal solid

2 waste shall submit to the affected local government

3 and to the Governor of the State in which the land4 fill or incinerator is located information specifying

5 the amount and State of origin of out-of-State mu6 nicipal solid waste received for disposal during the

7 preceding calendar year. Within 120 days after en8 actment of this section and on July 1 of each year

9 thereafter each such State shall publish and make

10 available to the Administrator, the governor of the

11 State of origin and the public a report containing in12 formation on the amount of out-of-State municipal

13 solid waste received for disposal in the State during

14 the preceding calendar year.

15 ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—Each submission referred to

16 in this subsection shall be such as would result in

17 criminal penalties in case of false or misleading in18 formation. Such submission shall include the amount

19 of waste received, the State of origin, the identity of

20 the generator, the date of shipment, and the type,

21 of out-of-State municipal solid waste.

22 ‘‘(3) LIST.—The Administrator shall publish a

23 list of States that the Administrator has determined

24 have exported out of State in any of the following
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1 calendar years an amount of municipal solid waste

2 in excess of—

3 ‘‘(A) 3.5 million tons in 1996;

4 ‘‘(B) 3.0 million tons in 1997;

5 ‘‘(C) 3.0 million tons in 1998;

6 ‘‘(D) 2.5 million tons in 1999;

7 ‘‘(E) 2.5 million tons in 2000;

8 ‘‘(F) 1.5 million tons in 2001;

9 ‘‘(G) 1.0 million tons in 2002;

10 ‘‘(H) 1.0 million tons in 2003; and

11 ‘‘(I) 1.0 million tons in each calendar year

12 after 2003.

13 The list for any calendar year shall be published by

14 June 1 of the following calendar year.

15 ‘‘(4) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this sub16 section shall be construed to preempt any State re17 quirement that requires more frequent reporting of

18 information.

19 ‘‘(c) FREEZE.—

20 ‘‘(1) ANNUAL AMOUNT.—(A) Beginning Janu21 ary 1, 1996, except as provided in paragraph (2)

22 and unless it would result in a violation of, or be in23 consistent with, a host community agreement or per24 mit specifically authorizing the owner or operator of

25 a landfill or incinerator to accept out-of-State mu-
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1 nicipal solid waste at such landfill or incinerator,

2 and notwithstanding the absence of a request in

3 writing by the affected local government, a Gov4 ernor, in accordance with paragraph (3), may limit

5 the quantity of out-of-State municipal solid waste re6 ceived for disposal at each landfill or incinerator cov7 ered by the exceptions provided in subsection (e)

8 that is subject to the jurisdiction of the Governor, to

9 an annual amount equal to the quantity of out-of10 State municipal solid waste received for disposal at

11 such landfill or incinerator during calendar year

12 1993.

13 ‘‘(B) At the request of an affected local govern14 ment that has not executed a host community agree15 ment, the Governor may limit the amount of out-of16 State municipal solid waste received annually for

17 disposal at the landfill or incinerator concerned to

18 the amount described in subparagraph (A). No such

19 limit may conflict with provisions of a permit specifi20 cally authorizing the owner or operator to accept, at

21 the facility, out-of-State municipal solid waste.

22 ‘‘(C) A limit or prohibition under this section

23 shall be treated as conflicting and inconsistent with

24 a permit or host community agreement if—
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1 ‘‘(i) the permit or host community agree2 ment establishes a higher limit; or

3 ‘‘(ii) the permit or host community agree4 ment does not establish any limit.

5 ‘‘(2) LIMITATION ON GOVERNOR’S AUTHOR6 ITY.—A Governor may not exercise the authority

7 granted under this subsection in a manner that

8 would require any owner or operator of a landfill or

9 incinerator covered by the exceptions provided in

10 subsection (e) to reduce the amount of out-of-State

11 municipal solid waste received from any State for

12 disposal at such landfill or incinerator to an annual

13 quantity less than the amount received from such

14 State for disposal at such landfill or incinerator dur15 ing calendar year 1993.

16 ‘‘(3) UNIFORMITY.—Any limitation imposed by

17 a Governor under paragraph (1)(A)—

18 ‘‘(A) shall be applicable throughout the

19 State;

20 ‘‘(B) shall not directly or indirectly dis21 criminate against any particular landfill or in22 cinerator within the State; and

23 ‘‘(C) shall not directly or indirectly dis24 criminate against any shipments of out-of-State
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1 municipal solid waste on the basis of place of

2 origin.

3 ‘‘(d) RATCHET.—

4 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Unless it would result in a

5 violation of, or be inconsistent with, a host commu6 nity agreement or permit specifically authorizing the

7 owner or operator of a landfill or incinerator to ac8 cept out-of-State municipal solid waste at such land9 fill or incinerator, immediately upon the date of pub10 lication of the list required under subsection (b)(3),

11 and notwithstanding the absence of a request in

12 writing by the affected local government, a Gov13 ernor, in accordance with paragraph (4), may pro14 hibit the disposal of out-of-State municipal solid

15 waste, at any landfill or incinerator covered by the

16 exceptions in subsection (e) that is subject to the ju17 risdiction of the Governor, generated in any State

18 that is determined by the Administrator under sub19 section (b)(3) as having exported, to landfills or in20 cinerators not covered by host community agree21 ments or permits, in any of the following calendar

22 years an amount of municipal solid waste in excess

23 of the following:

24 ‘‘(A) 3.5 million tons in 1996.

25 ‘‘(B) 3.0 million tons in 1997.
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1 ‘‘(C) 3.0 million tons in 1998.

2 ‘‘(D) 2.5 million tons in 1999.

3 ‘‘(E) 2.5 million tons in 2000.

4 ‘‘(F) 1.5 million tons in 2001.

5 ‘‘(G) 1.5 million tons in 2002.

6 ‘‘(H) 1.0 million tons in 2003.

7 ‘‘(I) 1.0 million tons in each calendar year

8 after 2003.

9 ‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL EXPORT LIMITS.—

10 ‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—No State may export

11 to any one State more than the following

12 amounts of municipal solid waste in any of the

13 following calendar years:

14 ‘‘(i) 1.4 million tons, or 90 percent of

15 the 1993 levels exported to the State,

16 whichever is greater, in 1996;

17 ‘‘(ii) 1.3 million tons, or 90 percent of

18 the 1996 levels exported to the State,

19 whichever is greater, in 1997;

20 ‘‘(iii) 1.2 million tons, or 90 percent

21 of the 1997 levels exported to a State,

22 whichever is greater, in 1998;

23 ‘‘(iv) 1.1 million tons, or 90 percent of

24 the 1998 levels exported to a State, which25 ever is greater, in 1999;
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1 ‘‘(v) 1 million tons in 2000;

2 ‘‘(vi) 800,000 tons in 2001;

3 ‘‘(vii) 600,000 tons in 2002; or

4 ‘‘(viii) 600,000 tons in any year after

5 2002,

6 to landfills or incinerators not covered by host

7 community agreements or permits authorizing

8 receipt of out-of-State municipal solid waste.

9 ‘‘(B) ACTION BY GOVERNOR.—The Gov10 ernor of an importing State may restrict levels

11 of imports of municipal solid waste into that

12 State to reflect the levels specified in subpara13 graph (A) if—

14 ‘‘(i) the Governor of the importing

15 State has notified the Governor of the ex16 porting State and the Administrator 12

17 months prior to enforcement of the import18 ing State’s intention to impose the require19 ments of this section;

20 ‘‘(ii) the Governor of the importing

21 State has notified the Governor of the ex22 porting State and the Administrator of the

23 violation by the exporting State of this sec24 tion at least 90 days prior to the enforce25 ment of this section; and
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1 ‘‘(iii) the restrictions imposed by the

2 Governor of the importing State are uni3 form at all facilities within the State re4 ceiving municipal solid waste from the ex5 porting State.

6 ‘‘(3) DURATION.—The authority provided by

7 paragraph (1) or (2) or both shall apply for as long

8 as a State exceeds the levels allowable under para9 graph (1) or (2), as the case may be.

10 ‘‘(4) UNIFORMITY.—Any restriction imposed by

11 a State under paragraph (1) or (2)—

12 ‘‘(A) shall be applicable throughout the

13 State;

14 ‘‘(B) shall not directly or indirectly dis15 criminate against any particular landfill or in16 cinerator within the State; and

17 ‘‘(C) shall not directly or indirectly dis18 criminate against any shipments of out-of-State

19 municipal solid waste on the basis of State of

20 origin, in the case of States in violation of para21 graph (1) or (2).

22 ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION NOT REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN

23 FACILITIES.—

24 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The prohibition on the dis25 posal of out-of-State municipal solid waste in sub-
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1 section (a) shall not apply to landfills and inciner2 ators that—

3 ‘‘(A) were in operation on the date of en4 actment of this section and received during cal5 endar year 1993 documented shipments of out6 of-State municipal solid waste, or

7 ‘‘(B) before the date of enactment of this

8 section, the owner or operator entered into a

9 host community agreement or received a permit

10 specifically authorizing the owner or operator to

11 accept at the landfill or incinerator municipal

12 solid waste generated outside the State in which

13 it is or will be located.

14 ‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTATION.—The

15 owner or operator of a landfill or incinerator that is

16 exempt under paragraph (1) of this subsection from

17 the requirements of subsection (a) shall provide to

18 the State and affected local government, and make

19 available for inspection by the public in the affected

20 local community, a copy of the host community

21 agreement or permit referenced in paragraph (1).

22 The owner or operator may omit from such copy or

23 other documentation any proprietary information,

24 but shall ensure that at least the following informa25 tion is apparent: the volume of out-of-State munici-
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1 pal solid waste received, the place of origin of the

2 waste, and the duration of any relevant contract.

3 ‘‘(3) DENIED OR REVOKED PERMITS.—A land4 fill or incinerator may not receive for disposal or in5 cineration out-of-State municipal solid waste in the

6 absence of a host community agreement if the oper7 ating permit or license for the landfill or incinerator

8 (or renewal thereof) was denied or revoked by the

9 appropriate State agency before the date of enact10 ment of this section unless such permit or license (or

11 renewal) has been reinstated as of such date of en12 actment.

13 ‘‘(4) WASTE WITHIN BI-STATE METROPOLITAN

14 STATISTICAL AREAS.—The owner or operator of a

15 landfill or incinerator in a State may receive out-of16 State municipal solid waste without obtaining au17 thorization under subsection (a) from the affected

18 local government if the out-of-State waste is gen19 erated within, and the landfill or incinerator is lo20 cated within, the same bi-State level A metropolitan

21 statistical area (as defined by the Office of Manage22 ment and Budget and as listed by the Office of

23 Management and Budget as of the date of enact24 ment of this section) that contains two contiguous

25 major cities each of which is in a different State.
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1 ‘‘(f) NEEDS DETERMINATION.—Any comprehensive

2 solid waste management plan adopted by an affected local

3 government pursuant to Federal or State law may take

4 into account local and regional needs for solid waste dis5 posal capacity. Any implementation of such plan through

6 the State permitting process may take into account local

7 and regional needs for solid waste disposal capacity only

8 in a manner that is not inconsistent with the provisions

9 of this section. Nothing in this subsection shall be con10 strued to prohibit or preclude any State government or

11 solid waste management district, as defined under State

12 law, from requiring any affected local government to site,

13 construct, expand, or require the installation of environ14 mental equipment at, any solid waste facility.

15 ‘‘(g) IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT.—Any

16 State may adopt such laws and regulations, not inconsist17 ent with this section, as are necessary to implement and

18 enforce this section, including provisions for penalties.

19 ‘‘(h) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section shall

20 be interpreted or construed to have any effect on State

21 law relating to contracts or to authorize or result in the

22 violation or failure to perform the terms of a written, le23 gally binding contract entered into before enactment of

24 this section during the life of the contract as determined

25 under State law.
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1 ‘‘(i) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section:

2 ‘‘(1) AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT.—(A)

3 For any landfill or incinerator, the term ‘affected

4 local government’ means—

5 ‘‘(i) the public body authorized by State

6 law to plan for the management of municipal

7 solid waste, a majority of the members of which

8 are elected officials, for the area in which the

9 landfill or incinerator is located or proposed to

10 be located; or

11 ‘‘(ii) if there is no such body created by

12 State law—

13 ‘‘(I) the elected officials of the city,

14 town, township, borough, county, or parish

15 selected by the Governor and exercising

16 primary responsibility over municipal solid

17 waste management or the use of land in

18 the jurisdiction in which the facility is lo19 cated or is proposed to be located; or

20 ‘‘(II) if a Governor fails to make a se21 lection under subclause (I), and publish a

22 notice regarding the selection, within 90

23 days after the date of enactment of this

24 section, the elected officials of the city,

25 town, township, borough, county, parish, or
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1 other public body created pursuant to

2 State law with primary jurisdiction over

3 the land or the use of land on which the

4 facility is located or is proposed to be lo5 cated.

6 The Governor shall publish a notice regarding the

7 selection described in clause (ii).

8 ‘‘(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), for

9 purposes of host community agreements entered into

10 before the date of enactment of this section (or be11 fore the date of publication of notice, in the case of

12 subparagraph (A)(ii)), the term shall mean either

13 the public body described in clause (i) or the elected

14 officials of the city, town, township, borough, county,

15 or parish exercising primary responsibility for mu16 nicipal solid waste management or the use of land

17 on which the facility is located or proposed to be lo18 cated.

19 ‘‘(C) Two or more Governors of adjoining

20 States may use the authority provided in section

21 1005(b) to enter into an agreement under which

22 contiguous units of local government located in each

23 of the adjoining States may act jointly as the af24 fected local government for purposes of providing

25 authorization under subsection (a) for municipal
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1 solid waste generated in one of the jurisdictions de2 scribed in subparagraph (A) and received for dis3 posal or incineration in another.

4 ‘‘(2) HOST COMMUNITY AGREEMENT.—The

5 term ‘host community agreement’ means a written,

6 legally binding document or documents executed by

7 duly authorized officials of the affected local govern8 ment that specifically authorizes a landfill or inciner9 ator to receive municipal solid waste generated out10 of-State, but does not include any agreement to pay

11 host community fees for receipt of waste unless ad12 ditional express authorization to receive out-of-State

13 municipal solid waste is also included.

14 ‘‘(3) MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE.—The term

15 ‘municipal solid waste’ means refuse (and refuse-de16 rived fuel) generated by the general public, from a

17 residential source, or from a commercial, institu18 tional, or industrial source (or any combination

19 thereof) to the extent such waste is essentially the

20 same as waste normally generated by households or

21 was collected and disposed of with other municipal

22 solid waste as part of normal municipal solid waste

23 collection services, and regardless of when generated,

24 would be considered conditionally exempt small

25 quantity generator waste under section 3001(d),
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1 such as paper, food, wood, yard wastes, plastics,

2 leather, rubber, appliances, or other combustible or

3 noncombustible materials such as metal or glass (or

4 any combination thereof). The term ‘municipal solid

5 waste’ does not include any of the following:

6 ‘‘(A) Any solid waste identified or listed as

7 a hazardous waste under section 3001.

8 ‘‘(B) Any solid waste, including contami9 nated soil and debris, resulting from a response

10 action taken under section 104 or 106 of the

11 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com12 pensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C.

13 9604 or 9606) or a corrective action taken

14 under this Act.

15 ‘‘(C) Recyclable materials that have been

16 separated, at the source of the waste, from

17 waste otherwise destined for disposal or that

18 have been managed separately from waste des19 tined for disposal.

20 ‘‘(D) Any solid waste that is—

21 ‘‘(i) generated by an industrial facil22 ity; and

23 ‘‘(ii) transported for the purpose of

24 treatment, storage, or disposal to a facility

25 that is owned or operated by the generator
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1 of the waste, or is located on property

2 owned by the generator of the waste, or is

3 located on property owned by a company

4 with which the generator is affiliated.

5 ‘‘(E) Any solid waste generated incident to

6 the provision of service in interstate, intrastate,

7 foreign, or overseas air transportation.

8 ‘‘(F) Sewage sludge and residuals from

9 any sewage treatment plant, including any sew10 age treatment plant required to be constructed

11 in the State of Massachusetts pursuant to any

12 court order issued against the Massachusetts

13 Water Resources Authority.

14 ‘‘(G) Combustion ash generated by re15 source recovery facilities or municipal inciner16 ators, or waste from manufacturing or process17 ing (including pollution control) operations not

18 essentially the same as waste normally gen19 erated by households.

20 ‘‘(H) Any medical waste that is segregated

21 from or not mixed with municipal solid waste

22 (as otherwise defined in this paragraph).

23 ‘‘(I) Any material or product returned

24 from a dispenser or distributor to the manufac25 turer for credit, evaluation, or possible reuse.
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1 ‘‘(4) OUT-OF-STATE MUNICIPAL SOLID

2 WASTE.—The term ‘out-of-State municipal solid

3 waste’ means, with respect to any State, municipal

4 solid waste generated outside of the State. Unless

5 the President determines it is not consistent with

6 the North American Free Trade Agreement and the

7 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the term

8 shall include municipal solid waste generated outside

9 of the United States.

10 ‘‘(5) SPECIFICALLY AUTHORIZED; SPECIFI11 CALLY AUTHORIZES.—The terms ‘specifically au12 thorized’ and ‘specifically authorizes’ refer to an ex13 plicit authorization, contained in a host community

14 agreement or permit, to import waste from outside

15 the State. Such authorization may include a ref16 erence to a fixed radius surrounding the landfill or

17 incinerator that includes an area outside the State

18 or a reference to ‘any place of origin’, reference to

19 specific places outside the State, or use of such

20 phrases as ‘regardless of origin’ or ‘outside the

21 State’. The language for such authorization may

22 vary as long as it clearly and affirmatively states the

23 approval or consent of the affected local government

24 or State for receipt of municipal solid waste from

25 sources or locations outside the State.’’.
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1 SEC. 103. TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.

2 The table of contents in section 1001 of the Solid

3 Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. prec. 6901) is amended

4 by adding after the item relating to section 4010 the fol5 lowing new item:

‘‘Sec. 4011. Interstate transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste.’’.

Æ

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