[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 24 (Monday, February 5, 2024)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 7639-7652]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-02230]


=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Office of Justice Programs

28 CFR Part 94

[Docket No.: OJP (OVC) 1808]
RIN 1121-AA89


Subject: Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) Victim Compensation Grant 
Program

AGENCY: Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, 
Justice.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Office of Justice Programs (``OJP''), a bureau of the 
Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime (``OVC'') proposes 
adding a subpart to its regulations to replace the existing Victims of 
Crime Act (``VOCA'') Victim Compensation Program Guidelines 
(``Guidelines''), and update and codify program requirements for the 
VOCA Victim Compensation Formula Grant Program (``Victim Compensation 
Program'').

DATES: Comments must be received by no later than 11:59 p.m., E.T., on 
April 5, 2024.

ADDRESSES: 
    Electronic comments: OVC encourages commenters to submit all 
comments electronically through the

[[Page 7640]]

Federal eRulemaking Portal, which provides the ability to type comments 
directly into the comment field on the web page or attach a file. 
Please go to https://www.regulations.gov and follow the on-line 
instructions at that site for submitting comments. Upon completion of 
your submission, you will receive a Comment Tracking Number. Submitted 
comments are not instantaneously available for public view on 
regulations.gov. If you have received a Comment Tracking Number, you 
have submitted your comment successfully and there is no need to 
resubmit the same comment. Commenters should be aware that the system 
will not accept comments after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the last day 
of the comment period.
    Paper comments: OVC prefers to receive comments via 
www.regulations.gov where possible. Paper comments that duplicate 
electronic submissions are not necessary and are discouraged. Should 
you wish to mail a paper comment in lieu of an electronic comment, it 
should be sent via regular or express mail to: VOCA Compensation Rule 
Comments, Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. 
Department of Justice, 810 7th Street NW, Washington, DC 20531.
    To ensure proper handling of comments, please reference ``RIN 1121-
AA89'' on all electronic and written correspondence, including any 
attachments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathrina Peterson, Division Director, 
Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. 
Department of Justice, 810 Seventh Street NW, Washington, DC 20531; 
(202) 616-3579 (please note that this is not a toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Posting of Public Comments

    Please note that all comments received are considered part of the 
public record and made available for public inspection online at 
www.regulations.gov. Such information includes personal identifying 
information (such as your name, address, etc.) voluntarily submitted by 
the commenter. The Freedom of Information Act applies to all comments 
received.
    If you wish to submit personal identifying information (such as 
your name, address, etc.) as part of your comment, but do not wish for 
it to be posted online, you must include the phrase ``PERSONAL 
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION'' in the first paragraph of your comment. You 
must also place all of the personal identifying information that you do 
not want posted online in the first paragraph of your comment and 
identify with specificity what information you want the agency to 
redact.
    If you wish to submit confidential business information as part of 
your comment, but do not wish it to be posted online, you must include 
the phrase ``CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION'' in the first paragraph 
of your comment. You must also prominently identify all confidential 
business information to be redacted within the comment. If a comment 
has so much confidential business information that it cannot be 
effectively redacted, the agency may choose not to post all or part of 
that comment.
    Personal identifying information identified and located as set 
forth above will be placed in the agency's public docket file, but not 
posted online. Confidential business information identified and located 
as set forth above will not be placed in the public docket file. If you 
wish to inspect the agency's public docket file in person by 
appointment, please see the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT paragraph.

II. Executive Summary

    OJP's Office for Victims of Crime (``OVC'') administers the VOCA 
Victim Compensation Grant Program (``Victim Compensation Program''). 
The Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (``VOCA''), Public Law 98-473, sec. 
1403, 34 U.S.C. 20102, authorizes the Victim Compensation Program, 
through which OVC provides an annual grant to State \1\ victim 
compensation programs in amounts determined by statutory formula based 
on prior year expenditures of those programs, provided that the 
programs meet the VOCA criteria. State compensation programs make 
payments to reimburse victims of crime (or, in some cases, third-party 
providers on behalf of victims) for certain expenses incurred as a 
result of crime.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ For purposes of this notice, the term ``State'' includes the 
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United 
States Virgin Islands, and any other possession or territory of the 
United States. 34 U.S.C. 20102(d)(4) (defining ``State'' for VOCA 
Compensation).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed rule proposes to replace the existing Victim 
Compensation Program Guidelines (``Guidelines''), published in the 
Federal Register on May 16, 2001, at 66 FR 95, and update and codify 
program requirements. The proposed rule retains most of the substance 
of the current Guidelines, with various modest technical and 
substantive updates, primarily to account for statutory or procedural 
changes since 2001, and to clarify or streamline existing provisions. 
Of note, the proposed rule would clarify and streamline the policies 
and definitions regarding who may be considered a survivor of a victim; 
medical and dental expenses; property damage expenses; sexual assault 
forensic exam expenses; the requirement that States promote victim 
cooperation with the reasonable requests of law enforcement; 
consideration of a victim's or survivor's immigration status, criminal 
history, or alleged contributory conduct in claim determinations; and 
crowdfunded resources. It would make it easier for States to seek 
reimbursement for costs associated with recovery efforts (recovering 
payment amounts via restitution and subrogation). It would address 
extensions of grant performance periods and better describe OVC's 
discretion in remedying erroneous State certification of payments.
    The benefits of this proposed rule outweigh the potential costs. A 
full analysis of costs and benefits is provided below in the regulatory 
certifications section.

III. Background

A. Overview of the VOCA Compensation Program

    OVC's Victim Compensation Program provides an annual grant to 
eligible State-operated crime victim compensation programs, which 
reimburse victims of crime (or, in some cases, third-party providers on 
behalf of victims) for certain expenses incurred as a result of crime.
    The Victim Compensation Program is funded from the Crime Victims 
Fund. The Fund receives Federal criminal fines, penalties, and 
assessments, as well as certain gifts and bequests, but does not 
receive any general tax revenue. The Crime Victims Fund is administered 
by OVC, and amounts that may be obligated therefrom are allocated each 
year according to the VOCA formula at 34 U.S.C. 20101. The amount 
annually available for obligation through the VOCA formula allocations 
typically (since Federal fiscal year 2000) has been set by statute, 
through limits specified in the annual Commerce, Justice, and Science 
appropriations act, at less than the total amount available in the 
Fund. The VOCA formula specifies that (in most years) the first $20M 
available in the Fund for that year is to go toward child abuse 
prevention and treatment programs (via grants made by the Department of 
Health and Human Services), with a certain amount to be set-aside for 
OVC grants to address

[[Page 7641]]

child abuse in Indian Country. After that, such sums as may be 
necessary are available to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the 
U.S. Attorney's Offices to improve services to victims of Federal 
crime, and to operate a victim notification system. The remaining 
balance is allocated as follows: 47.5% for OVC's Victim Compensation 
Program, 47.5% for OVC's Victim Assistance Program, and 5% for the OVC 
Director to distribute in competitive-discretionary awards in certain 
statutorily defined categories. Generally, under the distribution rules 
for the Victim Compensation Program, if a portion of the 47.5% 
available for Compensation is not needed for that purpose (i.e., it is 
greater than the sum of the statutorily allocated grant amounts for the 
eligible State victim compensation programs for that year), it is (per 
the statutory formula) made available to augment the Victim Assistance 
Program. The Victim Assistance Program distributes funds to States as 
mandated by VOCA, at 34 U.S.C. 20103(a) and (b).
    Under 34 U.S.C. 20102, the Director of OVC is required to make an 
annual grant to eligible crime victim compensation programs that is 
equal to 75 percent of the amount awarded by the State program to 
victims of crime from State funds during the fiscal year preceding the 
year of deposits in the Fund (two fiscal years prior to the grant 
year). If the amount in the Fund is insufficient to award each State 
its percentage of the prior year's compensation payout from State 
revenues, all States will be awarded the same reduced percentage of 
their prior year's payout from the available Federal funds. (The 
allocation percentage was changed, by statute, from 60 to 75 percent in 
2021.)
    To determine the amount of the grant, each State must annually 
submit to OVC a certification of the amount expended by the State 
compensation program in a prior Federal fiscal year. State crime victim 
compensation programs may use state or VOCA compensation grant funds to 
pay for eligible expenses allowed by State compensation statute, rule, 
or other established policy. The VOCA compensation formula matches 
state-certified payments at the statutorily defined rate after certain 
deductions, which include payments made with VOCA compensation funding 
and most property damage and loss payments, among other things. OVC 
does not require States to submit budgets with their formula award 
applications, as the allocation and use of funds under this formula 
program are prescribed by VOCA. OVC does require basic information 
about State use of the administrative and training allowance.
    Each VOCA Compensation grant is available for the entire fiscal 
year in which the award is made (typically, OVC makes awards toward the 
end of the Federal fiscal year, in August and September), and the 
following three fiscal years. 34 U.S.C. 20101(e). Pursuant to the 
implementation of the VOCA Fix to Sustain the Crime Victims Fund Act 
(``VOCA Fix''), Public Law 117-27 (July 22, 2021), OJP has authority to 
grant extensions of VOCA awards, including those under the VOCA 
Compensation Program.
    State compensation programs must comply with applicable reporting 
requirements, are monitored by OVC for compliance with VOCA and other 
applicable requirements and are subject to audit.

B. Legal Changes Affecting the VOCA Compensation Program

    Since the Guidelines were promulgated in 2001, there have been 
changes to VOCA, section 1403, which governs the VOCA Victim 
Compensation Program, to other parts of VOCA, and to various 
government-wide and OJP-specific rules and processes relevant to the 
program. These changes are discussed below, along with the relevant 
corresponding proposed changes to the program rules; but some of the 
more significant changes are highlighted below for context:
    On October 26, 2001, a few months after issuance of the May 2001 
Guidelines, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing 
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 
2001 (the USA PATRIOT Act), Public Law 107-56, title VI, sec. 622(a)-
(e)(1), raised the percentage used for calculating a State's VOCA grant 
from 40 percent of prior year certified payouts to 60 percent starting 
in Federal fiscal year 2003. (This was further increased by Pub L. 117-
27, sec. 2(b)(1)(A) (July 22, 2021), to the current level of 75 percent 
starting in Federal fiscal year 2021.) The same 2001 law also removed 
the eligibility requirement that State compensation programs compensate 
victim of terrorism occurring outside of the United States. (It should 
be noted that the law did not, and does not, prevent States from 
compensating victims of such crimes, should they choose to do so.) The 
October 2001 amendment also changed the means-testing- and collateral-
source exceptions applicable to State victim compensation payments: It 
added an exception that allowed the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund to 
count State victim compensation payments for purposes of means testing 
and collateral-source review. It expanded the concept of means testing 
to include not only income eligibility but also resource or asset 
eligibility. It also expanded the exclusion to prevent most programs 
from counting payments from State victim compensation programs as a 
collateral source until the victim is fully compensated from the losses 
suffered as a result of the crime. It removed the role of the Director 
of OVC in determining that assistance or payment provided became 
necessary in full or part because of the commission of a crime, and 
instead simply exempted payments of ``any amount of crime victim 
compensation the applicant receives through a crime victim compensation 
program under this section [presumably meaning a State compensation 
program that receives a VOCA grant]''. It added the U.S. Virgin Islands 
to the list of U.S. territories treated as ``States'' for purposes of 
program eligibility. It clarified, with regard to the payor-of-last 
resort provision, that the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund (as other 
Federal or federally financed programs) was to pay before the State 
victim compensation programs.
    In 2006, Public Law 109-162, sec (a)(3), amended the VOCA provision 
allowing an administrative cost allowance of up to five percent of the 
annual VOCA Compensation grant, to allow grant funds also to be used 
for ``training purposes.''
    On December 19, 2014, the White House Office of Management and 
Budget issued a major revision and consolidation of government-wide 
grant rules, for codification as 2 CFR part 200. These rules 
promulgated as a result provide the primary legal structure for most 
Federal grant activity, including VOCA Victim Compensation Program 
grants. The Department of Justice adopted these rules (with very minor 
exceptions) on September 9, 2016, in its rule at 28 CFR part 2800.
    On September 1, 2017, the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the 
U.S. House of Representatives reclassified the U.S. Code provisions 
where VOCA had been codified to a different title of the Code--moving 
them from 42 U.S.C. 10601, et seq., to 34 U.S.C. 20101, et seq. (42 
U.S.C. 10602 in the Guidelines was reclassified to 34 U.S.C. 20102.)
    In 2021, the VOCA Fix increased the statutory formula percentage 
used for calculating a State's annual VOCA grant from 60 percent to 75 
percent. It added exceptions (centered around victim wellbeing) to the 
existing eligibility provision that requires State compensation 
programs to promote

[[Page 7642]]

victim cooperation with the reasonable requests of law enforcement. It 
expressly prohibited OVC from deducting (from a State's compensation 
payments reported in the Victim Compensation Certification form) 
recovery costs or collections from restitution or from subrogation for 
payment under a civil lawsuit. The VOCA Fix also (in 34 U.S.C. 
20101(e)) gave authority to the U.S. Attorney General (who has 
delegated this authority to the Assistant Attorney General for the 
Office of Justice Programs) to allow extensions of the VOCA-award time 
limit, which ordinarily makes victim compensation grants available for 
expenditure only in the Federal fiscal year (FY) of the award plus the 
next three fiscal years.
    In 2022, Public Law 117-103, div. W, title XIII, sec. 1311, 
1316(b), March 15, 2022, added a provision (that is to be implemented 
no later than March 2025) requiring State victim compensation programs 
to waive the application deadline for certain victims whose delay in 
filing ``was a result of a delay in the testing of, or a delay in the 
DNA profile matching from, a sexual assault forensic examination kit or 
biological material collected as evidence related to a sexual 
offense[.]''

C. Discussion of Proposed Changes to Program Requirements

1. Summary of Primary Substantive Changes to the Current Guidelines
    The primary substantive changes that OVC proposes to make to the 
current Guidelines are highlighted as follows (with full discussion 
below):
    1. OVC proposes to allow States to adopt policies that victim 
expenses for dental services and devices under a State-defined 
threshold are presumed to be attributable to a physical injury 
resulting from a compensable crime. This would allow States to 
facilitate processing of claims for these expenses in a more efficient 
and victim-centered manner, at a lower administrative burden to the 
State.
    2. OVC proposes to clarify the definition of ``medical expenses'' 
and ``mental health counseling and care'' to emphasize that a limited 
definition applies for purposes of costs that a State must cover (to be 
an eligible program), but that States may apply a broader understanding 
of such expenses, in the exercise of their discretion. This would 
clarify that States have flexibility to address victim expenses more 
comprehensively where reasonable and appropriate; for example, in 
connection with services accessed in another jurisdiction, areas with 
limited access to licensed providers, or Native American healing 
practices.
    3. OVC proposes to lower the threshold for States to seek 
reimbursement for the costs of their personnel who work on recovery 
efforts (e.g., recovering restitution, subrogation for civil lawsuit 
recovery). The Guidelines currently require personnel to dedicate at 
least 75 percent of their time to such efforts, to be included in the 
State certification of payments that forms the basis for a subsequent 
VOCA Compensation grant. OVC proposes to lower this threshold to 50 
percent.
    4. OVC proposes a new definition of ``survivor of a victim'' to 
make patent OVC's longstanding view that States have discretion to 
consider a broad variety of relationships to the victim in determining 
who is eligible for compensation.
    5. OVC proposes to add language reflecting the statutory change in 
2021 that now allows OJP (via delegation from the United States 
Attorney General) to extend the performance period for VOCA 
Compensation grants under certain circumstances.
    6. OVC proposes various clarifications of previously ambiguous or 
incorrect descriptions of statutory requirements, and removal of text 
that unnecessarily paraphrases or repeats the VOCA statute.
    7. OVC proposes to clarify State discretion to pay for, and 
certify, expenses of damaged property reasonably necessary for victim 
safety and how this interacts with the prohibition on certifying 
property damage expenses. This proposal would allow State compensation 
programs to address victim safety needs better, and in a timely manner.
    8. OVC proposes to omit in the Compensation rule some language in 
the current Guidelines (and make a conforming change to the VOCA Victim 
Assistance Program rule) that creates some confusion regarding which 
program (Victim Compensation or other programs, such as Victim 
Assistance) may pay for sexual assault forensic exams. This proposal 
would allow States to structure their coverage of the costs for these 
exams more flexibly, to enable them better to meet the requirement in 
Federal law that such exams be covered without charge to a victim. OVC 
also proposes to allow States to certify payments by the State 
compensation program for sexual assault forensic exams regardless of 
whether those funds derive from general state funding or are 
specifically appropriated for sexual assault forensic exam expenses. 
This would allow treatment of sexual assault forensic exam payments to 
be like that of other victim compensation expenses (for which the state 
funding source is largely irrelevant) and would encourage States to 
designate funding for sexual assault forensic exams by including those 
payments from designated state funding sources in the calculation for 
the Federal VOCA compensation award.
    9. OVC proposes to clarify the VOCA eligibility requirement that 
States promote victim cooperation with the reasonable requests of law 
enforcement, to emphasize that the requirement applies--by statute--to 
States, not victims. Although States have discretion in addressing the 
requirement, the proposal would clarify that they are not required to 
impose an evidentiary burden on victims to do so and expressly 
encourages States to avoid doing so.
    10. OVC proposes to make patent that nothing in the rule shall be 
understood to require or authorize a State to consider a victim's or 
survivor's Federal immigration status in determining eligibility for 
crime victim compensation.
    11. OVC proposes to add a provision prohibiting States from denying 
claims based on criminal history. Certain populations may be more 
likely to have criminal history due to unjustified disparate treatment 
in the criminal justice system or due to criminal conduct induced 
through force, fraud, or coercion, such as unlawful acts that 
traffickers compelled their victims to commit, and this can result in 
unjustifiably disproportionate denial of claims for those populations.
    12. OVC proposes to add a provision generally prohibiting States 
from considering a victim's alleged contributory conduct in determining 
compensation claims, except in specific exceptional claims and where a 
State has a publicly available written policy regarding consideration 
of this factor. This change is intended to increase objectiveness and 
consistency in contributory conduct reviews and to address inconsistent 
attribution of ``contributory conduct'' to victims, which attribution 
may later preclude these victims from receiving compensation.
    13. OVC proposes to prohibit (with exceptions) States from 
requiring notarized signatures on claim applications. This is intended 
to lower the administrative barriers for victims seeking compensation.
    14. OVC proposes a provision to clarify that crowdfunded resources 
are not considered a collateral source and to clarify that the VOCA 
payor-of-last-resort provision does not apply to

[[Page 7643]]

private insurance or crowdfunded resources.
    15. OVC proposes minor changes to the provisions regarding 
incorrect State certification of compensation payments, to make patent 
OVC's discretion in remedying over- and under-payments resulting from 
erroneous certifications.
    2. Section-by-Section Discussion of Changes to Current Guidelines
    What follows is a section-by-section discussion of proposed changes 
to the Guidelines. It is organized below in the section order of the 
current Guidelines, with new proposed rule sections with no 
corresponding Guideline provision marked ``NEW.''.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Guideline                          Proposed rule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.201 to 94.205. Sets forth
                                        administrative provisions
                                        describing the purpose of the
                                        rule and program, the scope of
                                        the rule, and OVC's authority
                                        regarding issuing guidance on
                                        the application of the rule;
                                        providing a savings clause; and
                                        describing when and to which
                                        grants the rule applies.
Preamble.............................  Preamble. Consolidates and
                                        updates the information from the
                                        Guideline's two preamble
                                        sections.
Sec. I Definitions...................  94.206 Definitions. Retains some
                                        definitions from the Guidelines
                                        and adds (as denoted by
                                        asterisk) some definitions. The
                                        proposed rule defines--
                                       <bullet> * Administrative costs
                                        (defines the statutory term by
                                        providing examples consistent
                                        with those in the Guidelines);
                                       <bullet> * Certified compensation
                                        payment and Certify payment
                                        (defines these terms for clarity
                                        because they are used frequently
                                        in the Guidelines and proposed
                                        rule, and relate to
                                        determination of the annual
                                        award amount);
                                       <bullet> * Certifiable property
                                        damage expenses (defines certain
                                        property damage expenses for
                                        victim safety and physical
                                        necessities);
                                       <bullet> * Collateral source
                                        (defines this term in a general
                                        way for clarity, because it is a
                                        key concept applied by States in
                                        determining compensation
                                        payments);
                                       <bullet> * Crime victim or victim
                                        of crime (defines this generally
                                        as context for other eligibility
                                        concepts, such as victim of a
                                        ``compensable crime''; without
                                        the core broad definition of
                                        victim, the other definitions
                                        may be more difficult to
                                        understand);
                                       <bullet> * Crowdfunding (defines
                                        this generally as context for
                                        the proposed rules regarding
                                        consideration of collateral
                                        sources);
                                       <bullet> * Dental services or
                                        devices (defines the statutory
                                        term to make patent OVC's
                                        longstanding understanding that
                                        the term encompasses a range of
                                        compensable expenses);
                                       <bullet> * Director (defined for
                                        context);
                                       <bullet> Driving while
                                        intoxicated (retains the
                                        Guideline's longstanding
                                        definition, which reconciles the
                                        statutory term with a similar
                                        statutory term ``drunk driving''
                                        by treating the offense of drunk
                                        driving to be a subset of
                                        driving while intoxicated, and
                                        provides some clarifying
                                        examples of how such offenses
                                        may be described in a State's
                                        law);
                                       <bullet> Federal crime (retains
                                        but condenses the definition);
                                       <bullet> * Federal fiscal year
                                        (defines the time period to
                                        reflect that used in the
                                        Guidelines and most Federal
                                        programs);
                                       <bullet> * Funeral expenses
                                        (defines the statutory term to
                                        make patent that the term
                                        encompasses a range of expenses
                                        attributable to a death from
                                        compensable crime, but that
                                        States may impose reasonable
                                        cost and scope limitations);
                                       <bullet> Mandatorily compensable
                                        crime (defines in one place the
                                        crimes for which a State must,
                                        by statute, offer compensation);
                                       <bullet> Medical expenses (refers
                                        to statutory definition, which
                                        is quoted for ease of
                                        reference);
                                       <bullet> Mental health counseling
                                        and care (retains but updates
                                        definition to clarify that the
                                        term includes a variety of
                                        treatment methods, and refers to
                                        the professional treatment
                                        standards in the jurisdiction in
                                        which care is administered to
                                        address situations where care
                                        occurs outside of the State);
                                       <bullet> Method of healing
                                        recognized by the law of the
                                        State (clarifies that the
                                        applicable professional
                                        standards are those of the
                                        jurisdiction where the medical
                                        healing practice is provided,
                                        and that a State may recognize
                                        other healing practices);
                                       <bullet> Optionally compensable
                                        crime (defines crimes for which
                                        a State may provide
                                        compensation; examples are
                                        consistent with those in the
                                        Guidelines);
                                       <bullet> Optionally compensable
                                        expenses (provides examples,
                                        consistent with Guidelines, of
                                        expenses for which a State may
                                        provide compensation);
                                       <bullet> * Personnel directly
                                        involved in recovery efforts
                                        (defines the statutory phrase
                                        added to VOCA by the VOCA Fix
                                        Act relating to reimbursement of
                                        personnel and other costs
                                        associated with recovering
                                        compensation payments via
                                        restitution, subrogation, or
                                        other means; see discussion of
                                        Recovery Costs in proposed
                                        section 94.234 for additional
                                        information);
                                       <bullet> * Preceding fiscal year
                                        (defines the ambiguous statutory
                                        phrase to refer to the year
                                        preceding the year of deposits
                                        into the Crime Victims Fund,
                                        which is presumed to occur in
                                        the fiscal year before the
                                        grants are awarded; this is in
                                        accordance with OVC's
                                        longstanding practice of using
                                        reporting from two years prior
                                        to the Federal fiscal year of
                                        the grant award to calculate the
                                        grant amounts and also has the
                                        prudential advantage of allowing
                                        States to complete their
                                        accounting for the relevant time
                                        period);
                                       <bullet> Property damage (retains
                                        Guideline definition of
                                        ``Property Damage and Loss'' but
                                        uses the statutory term;
                                        definition continues to include
                                        both tangible and intangible
                                        property, but adds clarification
                                        regarding exclusions for
                                        otherwise compensable medical
                                        expenses or items excluded by
                                        the statutory definition of
                                        property damage);
                                       <bullet> * Recovery costs
                                        (references statutory
                                        definition, which is quoted for
                                        ease of reference);
                                       <bullet> * Services rendered in
                                        accordance with a method of
                                        healing (defines the statutory
                                        phrase used in the definition of
                                        ``medical expenses'' to include
                                        examples of medical services);
                                       <bullet> State (refers to the
                                        statutory definition, which is
                                        quoted for ease of reference);
                                       <bullet> * Supplant (defines the
                                        statutory term in a way
                                        consistent with the Guidelines
                                        and the DOJ Grants Financial
                                        Guide);

[[Page 7644]]

 
                                       <bullet> * Survivor of a victim
                                        (defines the statutory phrase to
                                        encompass a variety of
                                        relationship to clarify that
                                        States may consider not just
                                        traditional family relationships
                                        in determining survivor
                                        eligibility for compensation).
                                       <bullet> Training costs (provides
                                        examples of training costs,
                                        which are limited by an
                                        amendment to VOCA that occurred
                                        after the Guidelines were
                                        promulgated).
                                       * New
                                       OVC omits the definitions of--
                                       <bullet> Federal Program, or a
                                        federally financed State or
                                        local program (the term is self-
                                        explanatory, and examples of
                                        such programs are likely to be
                                        outdated quickly);
                                       <bullet> Mass violence (it is
                                        unnecessary to define the term
                                        in the rule--other crimes are
                                        not specifically defined--though
                                        victims of mass violence would
                                        be victims of violent crime, and
                                        thus States must compensate
                                        victims of such crimes);
                                       <bullet> Terrorism occurring
                                        within the United States (it is
                                        unnecessary to define the term
                                        in the rule--other crimes are
                                        not specifically defined--though
                                        victims of terrorism occurring
                                        within the United States would
                                        be victims of violent crime, and
                                        thus States must compensate
                                        victims of such crimes);
                                       <bullet> Terrorism occurring
                                        outside the United States (it is
                                        unnecessary to define the term
                                        in the rule because the
                                        statutory requirement that
                                        States compensate victims of
                                        such crimes was removed by
                                        Public Law 107-56, tit. VI,
                                        subtit. B, Sec.   624I, 115
                                        Stat. 272, 373, thus, States
                                        may, but are not required to,
                                        compensate victims of such
                                        crimes; these victims may apply
                                        for compensation under OVC's
                                        International Terrorism Victim
                                        Expense Reimbursement Program).
Sec. II. Background..................  Preamble. General updates.
Sec. III.A. Funding Allocations......  Preamble. General updates.
Sec. III.B. Grant Period.............  94.241 Grant Award Period of
                                        Performance. Updates to reflect
                                        the VOCA Fix (allows
                                        extensions).
Sec. III.C. VOCA Victim Compensation   Omitted because it merely repeats
 Grant Formula.                         statutory language.
Sec. IV. A. Grantee..................  94.211 Eligibility of the
                                        Compensation Program. Updated to
                                        condense, but no substantive
                                        changes.
Sec. IV.B. Program Requirements......  Program Requirements heading.
                                        94.211-94.215.
Sec. IV.B.1. Compensable Crimes......  Definitions of mandatorily
                                        compensable crime and optionally
                                        compensable crime. Updates to
                                        omit statutory repetition.
Sec. IV.B.1.(a) VOCA Mandated Crime..  Definition of mandatorily
                                        compensable crime. Updates to
                                        omit statutory repetition;
                                        removes reference to coverage of
                                        terrorism to conform to current
                                        law.
Sec. IV.B.1.(b) Coverage of Other      Definition of optionally
 Crimes.                                compensable crime. Updates to
                                        omit statutory repetition and to
                                        clarify.
Sec. IV.B.2. Compensable Expenses....  Definitions of mandatorily
                                        compensable expenses and
                                        optionally compensable expenses;
                                        94.212 Payments and
                                        Certification of Payments.
                                        Updates to omit statutory
                                        repetition and to clarify and
                                        streamline; moves definitions to
                                        definition section.
Sec. IV.B.2.(a) VOCA Mandated          Definition of mandatorily
 Expenses.                              compensable expenses. Updates to
                                        omit statutory repetition and to
                                        clarify and streamline; moves
                                        definitions to definition
                                        section.
Sec. IV.B.2.(b) Other Allowable        Definition of optionally
 Expenses.                              compensable expenses; 94.212
                                        Payments and Certification of
                                        Payments. Clarifies ambiguity in
                                        Guideline between use of VOCA
                                        Compensation funds for
                                        compensation payments and
                                        certification to OVC of State-
                                        funded payments. Also moves list
                                        of optionally compensable
                                        expenses to the definition, and
                                        clarifies that the list items
                                        are examples, not restrictions.
                                        Regarding specific items:
                                       <bullet> Clarifies in a more
                                        conceptual way the exceptions
                                        for compensation of property
                                        necessary for victim safety in a
                                        new definition, certifiable
                                        property damage expenses.
                                       <bullet> Clarifies that
                                        compensation for building
                                        modifications and equipment may
                                        address any disability, not just
                                        physical.
                                       <bullet> Removes limitations on
                                        certifying forensic sexual
                                        assault examination expenses, so
                                        that these are treated like any
                                        other expense and to allow
                                        States flexibility to meet
                                        victim needs (and adds a
                                        conforming change to 94.119(g)).
                                       <bullet> Adds language, in
                                        section 94.212(c), addressing
                                        considerations for dental
                                        services and devices. This
                                        language allows States to use
                                        streamlined process--via a
                                        presumption of causation--for
                                        payment of these expenses. A
                                        presumption is justified because
                                        dental injuries often are not
                                        covered by collateral sources,
                                        such as health insurance, delays
                                        in service may exacerbate injury
                                        and increase costs, and treating
                                        dentists typically are not
                                        asked, and may not be trained,
                                        to opine on causation of
                                        specific dental injuries when
                                        providing services.
                                       <bullet> Adds definition of
                                        method of healing recognized by
                                        the law of the State to clarify
                                        that States may compensate for
                                        expenses meeting the
                                        professional standards of the
                                        jurisdiction in which care is
                                        provided, and that they also
                                        have discretion to compensate
                                        for other healing practices.
Sec. IV.B.3. Victim Cooperation With   94.213 Promotion of Victim
 Law Enforcement.                       Cooperation with Reasonable
                                        Requests of Law Enforcement. OVC
                                        corrects the Guideline's
                                        misdescription of a statutory
                                        requirement: VOCA requires that
                                        States promote reasonable
                                        cooperation with the reasonable
                                        requests of law enforcement, not
                                        that States ensure or document
                                        such cooperation. It also
                                        updates the requirements to
                                        reflect the statutory exceptions
                                        to such promotion added by the
                                        VOCA Fix, gives examples of
                                        promotion, and requires that
                                        States have a policy regarding
                                        exceptions if the State requires
                                        the victim to bear an
                                        evidentiary burden to show
                                        cooperation.
Sec. IV.B.4. Nonsupplantation........  94.214 Nonsupplantation of State
                                        Funds. Updates to omit statutory
                                        repetition, clarify that broad
                                        (in addition to ``across the
                                        board'', the phrase in the
                                        Guidelines) budget restrictions
                                        at the State level typically are
                                        not supplanting and that a
                                        return to a prior baseline level
                                        of funding after a temporary
                                        increase is not supplanting,
                                        either; it also would eliminate
                                        requirement to notify OVC of
                                        funding decreases.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.113 Engagement with
                                        American Indian and Alaskan
                                        Native tribes. Requires certain
                                        States to have a tribal
                                        engagement policy.

[[Page 7645]]

 
N/A..................................  NEW: Victim Eligibility
                                        Considerations heading. This
                                        groups all requirements for
                                        State criteria for victim
                                        eligibility.
Sec. IV.B.5. Compensation for          94.221 Residency and Place of
 Residents Victimized Outside Their     Crime. Updates to omit statutory
 Own State.                             repetition, and remove
                                        provisions no longer supported
                                        by law.
Sec. IV.B.6. Compensation for          94.221. Updates to omit statutory
 Nonresidents of a State.               repetition.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.221(c). Makes patent that
                                        nothing in the rule shall be
                                        understood to require or
                                        authorize a State to consider
                                        the victim's or survivor's
                                        Federal immigration status in
                                        determining eligibility for
                                        crime victim compensation.
Sec. IV.B.7. Victims of Federal Crime  Definition of Mandatorily
                                        compensable crime. Moves the
                                        requirement to the definition
                                        and updates it to omit statutory
                                        repetition.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.222 Criminal History and
                                        Delinquent Payments. Prohibits
                                        claim denials based on criminal
                                        history, with certain
                                        exceptions. Makes patent in the
                                        rule (where the Guidelines did
                                        not address the matter) that
                                        there is a longstanding
                                        statutory stay of the effective
                                        date of the VOCA eligibility
                                        requirement regarding the
                                        prohibition of payments to
                                        persons delinquent in paying
                                        Federal criminal fines,
                                        penalties, or restitution.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.223 Contributory Conduct.
                                        Adds a requirement that States
                                        may not consider a victim's
                                        alleged contributory conduct,
                                        except in specific exceptional
                                        cases and only where the State
                                        has a written policy regarding
                                        consideration of this factor
                                        that is publicly available.
Sec. IV.B.8. Unjust Enrichment.......  94.224. Familial Relationship or
                                        Shared Residence with Offender
                                        (Unjust Enrichment). Updates to
                                        omit statutory repetition,
                                        eliminates vague examples, and
                                        limits denial of claims for de
                                        minimis benefit to the offender
                                        and expressly allows exceptions
                                        for victim well-being.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.225 Victim Application
                                        Provisions. Addresses the VOCA
                                        statutory requirement added by
                                        the VOCA Fix that requires
                                        (starting on March 15, 2025)
                                        that States waive the claim
                                        filing deadline for claims
                                        related to sexual assault where
                                        forensic evidence testing, or
                                        matching, is delayed. Also
                                        prohibits States from requiring
                                        a notarized signature for an
                                        initial application, because
                                        this is an unnecessary barrier
                                        to accessing the compensation
                                        program.
Sec. IV.B.9. Discrimination            94.249 Discrimination Prohibited.
 Prohibited.                            Updates to omit statutory
                                        repetition, and to refer to
                                        applicable DOJ regulation and
                                        OJP Office for Civil Rights
                                        mandates, and to emphasize
                                        language access requirements.
Sec. IV.B.10. Additional Information   Omitted because it simply repeats
 Requested by the OVC Director.         statutory language.
N/A..................................  NEW: Relationship to Collateral
                                        Sources of Payment heading.
                                        Groups together provisions
                                        addressing collateral sources.
Sec. IV.C. VOCA Funds and Collateral   94.231 Coordination. Updated, but
 Federal Programs.                      retains language regarding State
                                        coordination with other programs
                                        to facilitate victim access to
                                        resources.
Sec. IV.C.1. Means Testing...........  94.232 Means Testing. Omits
                                        repetition of statutory language
                                        and deletes a provision
                                        regarding the OVC Director's
                                        authority that has been
                                        incorrect since an October 2001
                                        statutory change. Clarifies that
                                        the restriction on using victim
                                        compensation payments for means
                                        testing or payment offset in
                                        other programs applies to both
                                        State and federally funded
                                        payments.
Sec. IV.C.2. Payor of Last Resort....  94.233 Payor of Last Resort.
                                        Omits repetition of statutory
                                        language but retains Guideline
                                        exceptions. Addresses an
                                        ambiguity in the Guidelines by
                                        clarifying that OVC interprets
                                        the statutory provision to apply
                                        to victim compensation payments
                                        from State or VOCA Compensation
                                        grant funds, not merely the
                                        latter.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.234 Private Donations and
                                        Crowdfunding. Adds a provision
                                        generally prohibiting the
                                        consideration of private
                                        donations and crowdfunding as
                                        collateral sources. VOCA does
                                        not require means testing of
                                        victims as a condition of
                                        compensation.
N/A..................................  NEW: Program Administration
                                        heading. Groups technical
                                        administrative requirements.
Sec. V. State Certification..........  94.243 Process for State
                                        Certification of Compensation
                                        Payments. Updates the provision:
                                        Refers to Victim Compensation
                                        Certification form, which has
                                        detailed reporting instructions,
                                        instead of setting forth those
                                        instructions in the rule. Adds a
                                        requirement that States have a
                                        written policy regarding
                                        submission of the VCC form, to
                                        address a frequent
                                        recommendation in Office of the
                                        Inspector General audits.
Sec. V.A. Program Revenue............  Omits the requirement that States
                                        report revenue, as this
                                        information is not used.
Sec. V.B. Program Expenditures.......  Omits this provision in favor of
                                        relying on the VCC form
                                        instructions, which reflect the
                                        Guideline provision.
Sec. V.C. Amounts to be Excluded.....  Omits this provision in favor of
                                        relying on the VCC form
                                        instructions, which reflect the
                                        Guideline provision.
Sec. V.D. Deductions.................  Omits this provision in favor of
                                        relying on the VCC form
                                        instructions, which have been
                                        updated to reflect the VOCA Fix,
                                        which prohibits OVC from
                                        deducting recovery costs or
                                        collections from restitution or
                                        subrogation.
Sec. V.E. [Omitted erroneously in      N/A.
 Guidelines].
Sec. V.F. Recovery Costs.............  94.244 Recoupment of Compensation
                                        Payments and Recovery Costs, and
                                        definition of Personnel directly
                                        involved in recovery efforts.
                                        Updates the provision to reflect
                                        the VOCA Fix, which essentially
                                        codifies OVC's longstanding
                                        practice of subsidizing State
                                        costs (including personnel
                                        costs) of recovering--typically
                                        via seeking restitution from the
                                        offender or subrogation from
                                        civil lawsuit recoveries--victim
                                        compensation payments. Decreases
                                        time threshold at which
                                        personnel are considered
                                        ``personnel directly involved in
                                        recovery efforts'' from 75% to
                                        50% of the staff member's work
                                        time.
Sec. V.G. Sources of Payments to       94.246 Sources of Payments to
 Crime Victims.                         Crime Victims. Retains the
                                        Guideline provision, which
                                        facilitates State program
                                        administration by not requiring
                                        accounting at the payment level.
                                        (States are allowed to, and some
                                        do, use more detailed
                                        accounting.) Clarifies that
                                        aggregate payment amounts must
                                        be allocated in the accounting
                                        to Federal or State funding for
                                        reporting purposes.

[[Page 7646]]

 
Sec. V.H. Incorrect Certifications...  94.245 Incorrect Certifications.
                                        Retains the Guidelines provision
                                        regarding default remedies for
                                        incorrect certifications (e.g.,
                                        recovery of excess funds for
                                        over-certifications, no
                                        supplemental funding for under-
                                        certifications) but makes patent
                                        OVC's discretion to use
                                        alternative remedies (e.g.,
                                        offset of over-certifications
                                        against under-certifications) as
                                        appropriate.
Sec. VI. Application Process and       94.241 Application, 94.247
 Performance Reporting.                 Reporting. Retains the substance
                                        of Guideline provision with some
                                        updates.
Sec. VI.A. Application for Federal     94.241 Application. Retains the
 Assistance.                            provision with minor updates.
Sec. VI.B. Annual Performance Report.  94.247 Reporting. Omits this
                                        language about annual
                                        performance report in favor of a
                                        more general requirement that
                                        States comply with OVC reporting
                                        requirements and deadlines (set
                                        forth in the solicitation and
                                        award document).
Sec. VII. Administrative Costs.......  Administrative and Training Costs
                                        heading (94.251 and 94.252).
Sec. VII.A. Administrative Costs       94.251 Administrative and
 Allowance.                             Training Cost Allowance. Updates
                                        to omit repetition of statute;
                                        to reflect a 2006 amendment to
                                        VOCA that added an express
                                        allowance of training costs to
                                        the administrative-cost-
                                        allowance provision, which now
                                        caps both administrative and
                                        training costs (in the
                                        aggregate) at 5 percent of the
                                        annual grant; and to use
                                        terminology from government-wide
                                        grant guidance. Moves non-
                                        supplantation language to
                                        94.214.
Sec. VII.B. Allowable Costs..........  94.252 Allowable Administrative
                                        and Training Costs. Updates to
                                        reflect VOCA amendment allowing
                                        training, in addition to
                                        administrative, costs; to use
                                        terminology from government-wide
                                        grant guidance; and to condense.
                                        In response to confusion in
                                        various audits, adds
                                        clarification that the State
                                        crime victim compensation
                                        program, for purposes of
                                        allocating VOCA Compensation
                                        administrative and training
                                        funds, encompasses both State
                                        and federally funded payments
                                        and activities of the
                                        compensation program.
Sec. VII.C. Requirements to Notify     94.251(a). Retains the provision
 OVC of Use of Administrative Funds.    with minor updates.
Sec. VII.D. Confidentiality of         Omits this provision because VOCA
 Research Information.                  Compensation grants generally do
                                        not fund research or statistical
                                        collections, and because the
                                        provision repeats and
                                        mischaracterizes the statutory
                                        provision at 34 U.S.C. 20110(d).
                                        The provision's interpretation
                                        of 20110(d), as not superseding
                                        mandatory reporting laws, is
                                        outside the scope of the rule
                                        and thus also is omitted.
N/A..................................  NEW: 94.250 Non-disclosure of
                                        Confidential or Private
                                        Information. Incorporates VOCA
                                        Assistance confidentiality
                                        requirements by reference,
                                        mutatis mutandis (i.e., as
                                        adjusted for the VOCA
                                        Compensation context). Added in
                                        response to various States'
                                        requests for confidentiality
                                        protections.
Sec. VIII. Financial Requirements....  94.202 Scope. Retained in
                                        substance, makes minor updates
                                        to refer to current document
                                        names (e.g., Circulars are now 2
                                        CFR part 200).
Sec. IX. Monitoring..................  94.248 Access to Records.
                                        Condenses and folds this
                                        provision into 94.248, which
                                        addresses access to records. OJP
                                        has monitoring policies that are
                                        updated from time-to-time, and
                                        details regarding monitoring
                                        typically are communicated with
                                        award documents or in other
                                        communications, thus the (now
                                        inaccurate) description of
                                        monitoring procedures is
                                        omitted.
Sec. X. Suspension and Termination of  Omitted because remedies are
 Funding.                               addressed in VOCA at 34 U.S.C.
                                        20110, DOJ regulations in 28
                                        C.F.R. part 18, and in 2 C.F.R.
                                        part 200, as well as in annual
                                        award documents.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

VI. Regulatory Certifications

A. Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1995

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (``RFA'', 5 U.S.C. 601-612) applies 
to rules that are subject to notice and comment under section 553(b) of 
the Administrative Procedure Act (``APA''). As noted in the discussion, 
below, however, regarding the applicability of the APA, this proposed 
rule is exempt from the 553(b) notice and comment requirements. 
Consequently, the RFA does not apply.
    Nevertheless, consistent with the analysis typically required by 
the RFA (5 U.S.C. 605(b)), OVC has reviewed this proposed regulation 
and, by approving it, certifies that it will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The Victim 
Compensation Program provides grant funding to States to supplement 
their crime victim compensation programs, thus this proposed rule will 
have no direct effect on any particular local governments or entities, 
nor will it have any cost to State, local, or tribal governments, or to 
the private sector. The program is funded by fines, fees, penalty 
assessments, and bond forfeitures paid by Federal offenders, as well as 
gifts from private individuals, that are deposited into the Crime 
Victims Fund of the U.S. Treasury. Therefore, an analysis of the impact 
of this proposed rule on such entities is not required under the RFA.

B. Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and 14094--Regulatory Review

    This regulation has been drafted and reviewed in accordance with 
Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review''; Executive 
Order 13563 ``Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review''; and 
Executive Order 14094, ``Modernizing Regulatory Review''. The 
Department has determined that this rule is not a ``significant 
regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, 
Regulatory Planning and Review. Accordingly, this rule has not been 
reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
    Consistent with the principles of Executive Order 14094, OVC 
engaged in substantial outreach and knowledge gathering related to this 
effort. This NPRM was informed by input from a wide variety of 
interested and affected communities, including formal stakeholder 
discussion sessions that included State compensation and assistance 
administrators, tribal organizations, victims of crime, and 
organizations that represent and serve victims of crime.
    This proposed rule would impose no cost on State, local, or tribal 
governments, or on the private sector. The Crime Victim Compensation 
Grant Program is funded by fines, fees, penalty assessments, and 
forfeitures paid by Federal offenders, as well as gifts from private 
individuals, that are deposited into the Crime Victims Fund of the U.S. 
Treasury. The cost to the Federal Government is largely administrative 
and is clearly outweighed by the government's interest in seeing that 
crime victims are compensated for the expenses associated with their

[[Page 7647]]

victimization. Annual grant amounts are determined by statutory 
formula. Consequently, none of the changes in this rule is expected to 
alter the overall budgetary impact of this program or annual grant 
amounts materially.
    OVC estimates that the proposed changes highlighted in the 
Executive Summary may marginally increase the amount of victim 
compensation payments by reducing barriers for victims and allowing 
States some additional flexibility. OVC does not anticipate that such 
changes would materially alter the outlays for victim compensation at 
the State level because the changes primarily would afford States 
additional flexibility to address marginal situations arising in the 
context of compensation that they already generally provide (e.g., 
flexibility to cover unique but justifiable costs incurred by a victim 
for mental health needs, prohibiting denials based on criminal 
history). The benefits of these changes for individual victims, 
however, would be likely to be significant, as would be the benefit of 
advancing equity in claim determinations and reducing unnecessary 
barriers to compensation. OVC anticipates that the proposal to lower 
the threshold at which States may seek reimbursement for personnel 
involved in recovery efforts would result in a marginal, but non-
material, increase in the amount of recovery costs that States are 
eligible to recover via the annual grant. In FY 2022, States recovered 
approximately $5.9 million in recovery costs. If the proposed provision 
increases eligible State recovery costs by 25 percent, the overall 
effect on the program outlays would be approximately $1.5 million 
annually, or less than 1 percent of the annual grant amounts (which 
totaled $177,813,000 in FY 2022). This de minimis cost increase in the 
Federal outlays are outweighed by the benefit to victims and State 
programs of incentivizing States to fund recovery efforts that result 
in money (including money for expenses not compensated) returning to 
victims and to the State programs. OVC does not expect that the 
revision to the provision regarding sexual assault forensic exam 
payments necessarily would cause changes to State payment regimes 
immediately and expects that most States would continue to cover sexual 
assault forensic exam costs from the State victim compensation program. 
OVC is not able to estimate the costs of State changes that would take 
advantage of additional flexibility regarding covering such exams from 
either program, because such changes would in large part depend on 
future State legislative action. OVC does expect, however, that State-
level changes taking advantage of additional flexibility would inure to 
the end benefit to victims. The proposed prohibition on notarized 
signature requirements for applications would not impose a cost (nearly 
all States have eliminated this already without additional costs) but 
would reduce this cost- and time barrier for victims seeking 
compensation in the few (approx. 2) States that retain notary 
requirements. The proposed rule regarding crowdfunded resources may 
marginally increase State payments where such resources may have 
previously been counted as a collateral source. The provision, however, 
is also expected to reduce State administrative burdens regarding 
inquiring into the nature of crowdsourced resources, which, in many 
cases, would not be information readily available to State 
administrators. The provision regarding OVC's discretion to remedy 
over- and under certifications would not impose any new costs, because 
it merely would codify OVC's current approach, which considers a range 
of remedies (typically aimed at maximizing recovery of overpayments 
while minimizing the burden on State compensation resources).

C. Administrative Procedure Act

    This proposed rule concerns matters relating to ``grants, benefits, 
or contracts,'' 5 U.S.C. 553(a)(2), and is therefore exempt from the 
requirement of notice and comment and a 30-day delay in the effective 
date. Nevertheless, in its discretion, OVC has decided to solicit 
comments on this proposed rule.

D. Executive Order 13132--Federalism

    The VOCA Compensation Program does not impose any mandates on 
States; nor does it interfere with States' sovereignty, authorities, or 
rights. States, rather, participate in the Program voluntarily and, as 
a condition of receipt of funding, agree to comply with the Program's 
requirements, which are predicated on the authorizing statute. Thus, 
this proposed rule would not have substantial direct effects on the 
States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the 
States, or on distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. The proposed rule would not impose 
substantial direct compliance costs on State and local governments or 
preempt any State laws. Therefore, in accordance with Executive Order 
No. 13132, it is determined that this proposed rule would not have 
sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a 
Federalism Assessment.

E. Executive Order 12988--Civil Justice Reform (Plain Language)

    This proposed rule meets the applicable standards set forth in 
section 3(a) and (b)(2) of Executive Order No. 12988 to specify 
provisions in clear language. Pursuant to section 3(b)(1)(I) of the 
Executive order, nothing in this proposed or any previous rule (or in 
any administrative policy, directive, ruling, notice, guideline, 
guidance, or writing) directly relating to the Program that is the 
subject of this proposed rule is intended to create any legal or 
procedural rights enforceable against the United States.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This proposed rule, when finalized, would not result in the 
expenditure by State, local and Tribal Governments, in the aggregate, 
or by the private sector, of $100,000,000 or more in any one year, and 
it would not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The 
Victim Compensation Program provides funds to States to supplement 
their victim compensation programs. As a condition of funding, States 
agree to comply with the Program requirements. Therefore, no actions 
are necessary under the provisions of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
of 1995.

G. Congressional Review Act

    This proposed rule is not a major rule as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804. 
This proposed rule would not result in an annual effect on the economy 
of $100,000,000 or more; a major increase in costs or prices; or 
significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, 
productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based 
companies to compete with foreign-based companies in domestic and 
export markets.

H. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule would not propose any new, or changes to 
existing, ``collection[s] of information'' as defined by the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq.) and its implementing 
regulations at 5 CFR part 1320.

List of Subjects in 28 CFR Part 94

    Crime Victims, Formula Grants, Victim Compensation.

    Accordingly, for the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Office 
of Justice Programs proposes to amend Title 28, Part 94, of the Code of 
Federal Regulations as follows:

[[Page 7648]]

PART 94--CRIME VICTIM SERVICES

0
1. The authority citation for part 94 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority:  34 U.S.C. 20102, 20103, 20106, 20110(a), 20111.

Subpart B--VOCA Victim Assistance Program


Sec.  94.119  [Amended]

0
2. Amend Sec.  94.119, in paragraph (g), by removing ``to the extent 
that other funding sources such as State appropriations are 
insufficient''.
0
3. Add a new subpart C to read as follows:

Subpart C--Victim Compensation Grant Program

Sec.

General Provisions

94.201 Purpose.
94.202 Scope.
94.203 Construction and severability.
94.204 Compliance date.
94.205 Definitions.
94.206 [RESERVED]
94.207 [RESERVED]
94.208 [RESERVED]
94.209 [RESERVED]
94.210 [RESERVED]

Program Requirements

94.211 Eligibility of the Compensation Program.
94.212 Payments and Certification of Payments.
94.213 Promotion of Victim Cooperation With Reasonable Requests of 
Law Enforcement.
94.214 Nonsupplantation of State Funds.
94.215 Engagement With American Indian and Alaskan Native Tribes.
94.216 [RESERVED]
94.217 [RESERVED]
94.218 [RESERVED]
94.219 [RESERVED]
94.220 [RESERVED]

Victim Eligibility Considerations

94.221 Residency and Place of Crime.
94.222 Criminal History and Delinquent Payments.
94.223 Contributory Conduct.
94.224 Familial Relationship or Shared Residence With Offender 
(Unjust Enrichment).
94.225 Victim Application Provisions.
94.226 [RESERVED]
94.227 [RESERVED]
94.228 [RESERVED]
94.229 [RESERVED]
94.230 [RESERVED]

Relationship to Collateral Sources of Payment

94.231 Coordination.
94.232 Means Testing.
94.233 Payor of Last Resort.
94.234 Private Donations and Crowdfunding.
94.235 [RESERVED]
94.236 [RESERVED]
94.237 [RESERVED]
94.238 [RESERVED]
94.239 [RESERVED]
94.240 [RESERVED]

Program Administration

94.241 Grant Award Period of Performance.
94.242 Application for Annual Grant.
94.243 Process for State Certification of Compensation Payments.
94.244 Recoupment of Compensation Payment Recovery Costs.
94.245 Incorrect Certifications.
94.246 Sources of Payments to Crime Victims.
94.247 Reporting.
94.248 Access to Records.
94.249 Discrimination Prohibited.
94.250 Non-disclosure of Confidential or Private Information.

Administrative and Training Costs

94.251 Administrative and Training Cost Allowance.
94.252 Allowable Administrative and Training Costs.

    Authority:  34 U.S.C. 20102.

General Provisions


Sec.  94.201  Purpose.

    This subpart implements the provisions of the Victims of Crime Act 
of 1984 ``VOCA'', at 34 U.S.C. 20102, which, as of [INSERT DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], authorize the 
Director to make an annual grant award, of an amount determined by 
statutory formula, to each eligible crime victim compensation program, 
to be used by such program for awards of compensation and, in 
statutorily limited amounts, for training purposes and the 
administration of the crime victim compensation program.


Sec.  94.202  Scope.

    This subpart applies to both VOCA Victim Compensation Program 
formula grant award applicants and recipients. VOCA sets out the 
statutory requirements governing these grant awards, and this subpart 
should be read in conjunction with it. Grant awards under this program 
also are subject to various government-wide grant rules, including 
those in 2 CFR part 200, as implemented by the Department of Justice at 
2 CFR part 2800, and the DOJ Grants Financial Guide.


Sec.  94.203  Construction and severability.

    (a) Any provision of this subpart held to be invalid or 
unenforceable by its terms, or as applied to any person or 
circumstance, shall be construed so as to give it the maximum effect 
permitted by law, unless such holding shall be one of utter invalidity 
or unenforceability, in which event such provision shall be deemed 
severable from this subpart and shall not affect the remainder thereof 
or the application of such provision to other persons not similarly 
situated or to other, dissimilar circumstances.
    (b) Unless otherwise expressly indicated, references herein--
    (1) to statutory provisions are to be understood as references to 
such provisions as in effect on [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE 
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER];
    (2) to provisions of 2 CFR part 200 are to be understood as 
references to such provisions as implemented by the Department of 
Justice at 2 CFR part 2800, all as in effect at the time of the 
pertinent grant award; and
    (3) to provisions of the DOJ Grants Financial Guide are to be 
understood as references to such provisions as in effect at the time of 
the pertinent grant award.


Sec.  94.204  Compliance date.

    This subpart applies to all Federal grant awards under this program 
made after the effective date of this rule.


Sec.  94.205  Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Administrative costs include, but are not limited to, personnel 
costs (salaries, fringe benefits, consultants, contractors), travel 
costs, equipment and supplies, facilities, audits (see 2 CFR 200.425), 
indirect costs, coordination efforts, informational resources, 
memberships in crime victim organizations (see 2 CFR 200.454), 
strategic planning, surveys, needs assessments, policy and procedure 
development.
    Certified compensation payment means a compensation payment that 
the appropriate State official has certified.
    Certifiable property-damage expenses means optionally compensable 
expenses arising from property damage that are incurred for--
    (1) purchase or acquisition of property reasonably necessary for 
victim safety (such as cell phones; security items such as doorbell 
cameras, movement lights, and locks; and window and door repair or 
replacement); or
    (2) replacement of clothing or bedding or other physical property 
held as evidence.
    Certify payment means to certify (via the Victim Compensation 
Certification form) that a payment meets the criteria in VOCA (as 
implemented by this rule) to be counted for the statutory partial-
matching formula (see 34 U.S.C. 20102(a)) that determines the amount of 
the State's VOCA Compensation grant award, unless context should 
indicate otherwise.
    Collateral source means a source of funding outside of the crime 
victim compensation program to pay for an

[[Page 7649]]

expense covered by the compensation program.
    Contributory conduct means conduct (e.g., engaging in the 
commission of a crime) that a State has determined to have contributed 
to a person's own victimization.
    Crime victim or victim of crime means a person who has suffered 
physical, sexual, financial, or emotional harm as a result of the 
commission of a crime, or as otherwise defined under pertinent State 
law.
    Crowdfunding means a method of raising funds by soliciting 
contributions widely, often through internet platforms.
    Dental services and devices include those reasonably necessary for 
dental care, including, but not limited to, assessment, diagnosis, and 
treatment of underlying conditions affecting the treatment of the 
victimization injury, medication, prosthetics, and orthodontic 
appliances.
    Director means the Director of the Office for Victims of Crime.
    Driving while intoxicated means drunk driving and driving under the 
influence of alcohol or other drugs, as defined by the law or policy of 
the pertinent jurisdiction (e.g., driving-under-the-influence- 
(``DUI'') or driving-while-impaired (``DWI'') offenses, such as DUI/DWI 
hit and run, DUI/DWI motor-vehicle crash, DUI/DWI resulting in death).
    Federal crime means any criminal violation of the United States 
Criminal Code or the Code of Military Justice.
    Federal fiscal year means (as used in this rule) the period 
beginning on October 1st and ending on September 30th.
    Funeral expenses mean expenses of a funeral, burial, cremation, or 
other chosen method of interment or disposal of remains, and associated 
ceremonies, and other related expenses, all subject to reasonable State 
cost and scope limitations.
    Mandatorily compensable crime means the following crimes for which 
a State must offer compensation--
    (1) any crime indicated at 34 U.S.C. 20102(d)(2) (``crimes, whose 
victims suffer death or personal injury, that are described in section 
247 of title 18 [damage to religious property and obstruction of 
persons in the free exercise of religious beliefs], driving while 
intoxicated, and domestic violence'');
    (2) any crime indicated at 34 U.S.C. 20102(b)(1) (criminal 
violence, drunk driving, domestic violence); and
    (3) any Federal crime indicated at 34 U.S.C. 20102(b)(5) (same 
basis for compensation of Federal crimes occurring within the State as 
for State crimes occurring there).
    Mandatorily compensable expenses means expenses indicated at 34 
U.S.C. 20102(b)(1) (medical expenses, lost wages, or funeral expenses 
attributable to a physical injury or death resulting from a mandatorily 
compensable crime).
    Medical expenses has the meaning set forth in 34 U.S.C. 20102(d)(2) 
(``includes, to the extent provided under the eligible crime victim 
compensation program, expenses for eyeglasses or other corrective 
lenses, for dental services and devices and prosthetic devices, and for 
services rendered in accordance with a method of healing recognized by 
the law of the State.'')
    Mental health counseling and care means the assessment, diagnosis, 
and treatment of an individual's mental and emotional functioning, and 
includes in-patient- and out-patient treatment, psychiatric care, 
counseling, therapy, and medication management. Mental health 
counseling and care must be provided by a person who meets professional 
standards to provide them in the jurisdiction in which they are 
provided.
    Method of healing recognized by the law of the State means any 
medical healing practice that meets professional standards to provide 
it in the jurisdiction in which it is provided; such methods also may, 
in the discretion of the State, include other healing practices.
    Optionally compensable crime means a crime (other than a 
mandatorily compensable crime) the victims of which may, in the 
discretion of the State, be eligible to receive compensation for under 
its eligible crime victim compensation program (e.g., non-violent 
crimes, fraud, neglect, threats, economic crime, privacy crime).
    Optionally compensable expenses means any expenses (other than 
mandatorily compensable expenses) for which a State, in its discretion, 
may offer compensation when attributable to compensable crime; such 
expenses, in the discretion of the State, may include, but are not 
limited to, those arising from--
    (1) property damage (certifiable or non-certifiable);
    (2) travel and transportation;
    (3) temporary lodging and relocation;
    (4) building modification and equipment reasonably necessary to 
accommodate disabilities;
    (5) crime scene cleanup;
    (6) attorneys' fees;
    (7) sexual assault forensic medical examinations;
    (8) dependent care;
    (9) financial counseling; and
    (10) pain and suffering.
    Personnel directly involved in the recovery efforts means personnel 
who allocate (under applicable allocation principles) at least half of 
their time and effort (during the Federal fiscal year for which 
recovery costs are certified) to recovery efforts or to other similar 
collection or reimbursement efforts.
    Preceding fiscal year means, for purposes of 34 U.S.C. 20102(a), 
the federal fiscal year two years prior to the Federal fiscal year in 
which the grant award is made.
    Property damage means property loss and damage to material goods, 
which includes destruction of material goods or loss of money, stocks, 
bonds, etc., but, pursuant to 34 U.S.C. 20102(d)(1) (which expressly 
provides that property damage ``does not include damage to prosthetic 
devices, eyeglasses, other corrective lenses, or dental devices''), 
does not include any loss or destruction of personal property whose 
acquisition or purchase would qualify as a ``medical expense'' under 
this subpart.
    Recovery costs has the meaning set forth in 34 U.S.C. 20102(d)(5), 
which defines such costs as ``expenses for personnel directly involved 
in the recovery efforts to obtain collections from restitution or from 
subrogation for payment under a civil lawsuit.''
    Services rendered in accordance with a method of healing include, 
but are not limited to, assessment, diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, 
long-term care, treatment of underlying conditions that affect the 
treatment of the victimization injury, medication (prescription, non-
prescription, prophylactic), and forensic sexual assault examinations 
and related expenses.
    State has the meaning set forth in 34 U.S.C. 20102(d), which 
``includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 
the United States Virgin Islands, and any other possession or territory 
of the United States [e.g., Guam].'' References to ``States'' generally 
should be understood to refer to States' crime victim compensation 
program administering agencies (commonly referred to as ``State 
administering agencies''), unless the context should indicate 
otherwise.
    Supplant means to reduce State funds deliberately, because of the 
existence of Federal funds. See section 94.213 of this subpart for 
considerations specific to this program.
    Survivor of a victim means a person with a sufficiently close 
relationship (as determined by the State compensation program) to a 
victim to be considered

[[Page 7650]]

for compensation in circumstances where the victim has died.
    Training costs include, but are not limited to, training of program 
personnel on functions necessary for the crime victim compensation 
program; and training of persons and entities outside of the victim 
compensation program (e.g., victim services providers, criminal justice 
personnel, and health, mental health, and social services providers) 
about the crime victim compensation program.


Sec.  94.206  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.207  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.208  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.209  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.210  [RESERVED]

Program Requirements


Sec.  94.211  Eligibility of the Compensation Program.

    The Federal grant-award recipient must meet the eligibility 
criteria in 34 U.S.C. 20102(b), as implemented by this subpart. A 
compensation program is entitled to a grant award under this subpart 
only after it has awarded benefits that can be matched under VOCA. VOCA 
funding may not be used as start-up funds for a new State compensation 
program. If a State chooses to administer its compensation program in a 
decentralized fashion, the State remains accountable to the Federal 
awarding agency for expenditure of these funds.


Sec.  94.212  Payments and Certification of Payments.

    (a) Use of award funds for payments. A State may use VOCA 
compensation grant funds to make compensation payments for mandatorily 
compensable expenses and optionally compensable expenses.
    (b) Certifiable payments. A State may certify compensation payments 
for--
    (1) mandatorily compensable expenses; and
    (2) optionally compensable expenses, except that property damage 
expenses may be certified only if they are certifiable property damage 
expenses.
    (c) Certification of payment for dental services and devices. A 
State may, pursuant to State policy, establish a presumption that the 
expenses of dental services and devices under a State-defined threshold 
are attributable to a physical injury resulting from a compensable 
crime, and make payments from VOCA funds (and certify payments) for 
such expenses, pursuant to such presumption.


Sec.  94.213  Promotion of Victim Cooperation with Reasonable Requests 
of Law Enforcement.

    (a) In general. As of the effective date of this rule, 34 U.S.C. 
20102(b)(2)) requires crime victim compensation programs to ``promote[ 
] victim cooperation with the reasonable requests of law enforcement 
authorities, except if a program determines that such cooperation may 
be impacted due to a victim's age, physical condition, psychological 
State, cultural or linguistic barriers, or any other health or safety 
concern that jeopardizes the victim's wellbeing.''
    (b) Policy on exceptions required if victim bears evidentiary 
burden. For purposes of meeting the statutory eligibility threshold for 
promoting victim cooperation with the reasonable requests of law 
enforcement--
    (1) A State is not required to document, or require a victim to 
submit documentation of, a crime report, evidence of a medical 
evidentiary examination, or any other similar information.
    (2) A State may not require a victim to demonstrate cooperation 
with law enforcement unless it has a written policy in effect that 
addresses its application of the exceptions to promotion of victim 
cooperation that are set out in 34 U.S.C. 20102(b) (e.g., specifying 
when it will provide alternative methods for victims to demonstrate 
cooperation or will dispense with the requirement).
    (c) Demonstrating compliance. A State may show that it promotes 
cooperation with the reasonable requests of law enforcement authorities 
by using any reasonable means the State may determine to be appropriate 
to promote such cooperation, including any of the following:
    (1) Having a policy of encouraging victims to report the crime to 
law enforcement or other appropriate entity (e.g., protective services, 
university security), subject to the victim-wellbeing exceptions set 
forth in paragraph (a) of this section;
    (2) Providing victims with information or services (or referring 
such victims to the same) to assist them in reporting to law 
enforcement or other appropriate entity;
    (3) Accepting a victim's description of efforts to notify or 
cooperate with law enforcement or other appropriate entity (where 
evidence of victim's cooperation with law enforcement is a State 
program requirement); or
    (4) Accepting a crime report to law enforcement or other 
appropriate entity, or documentation of an evidentiary or non-
evidentiary medical examination indicating the occurrence of a crime 
(where evidence of victim cooperation with law enforcement is a State 
program requirement).


Sec.  94.214   Nonsupplantation of State Funds.

    (a) In general. States must make the certifications under 34 U.S.C. 
20102(b)(3) (regarding not supplanting State funds for compensation) 
and 20110(h) (regarding not supplanting State administrative funds for 
compensation), as a condition of accepting a VOCA Compensation grant.
    (b) Supplanting considerations. Expenditure of VOCA funds received 
based on State certified compensation payments from previous years does 
not constitute supplantation. A decrease in State commitment to the 
compensation program (e.g., a decrease in the number of State-supported 
staff positions) is not supplanting, where the decrease is part of 
broad or across-the-board budget restrictions at the State level or is 
a return to a prior baseline level after temporary increase. States 
must maintain documentation on the overall administrative commitment of 
the State prior to their use of VOCA administrative grant funds.


Sec.  94.215  Engagement with American Indian and Alaskan Native 
Tribes.

    A State with one federally recognized American Indian and Alaskan 
Native tribe (or more) within its geographical boundaries must have a 
written policy in effect regarding how the State will engage with the 
same for purposes of compensation under this subpart. Such policy must 
(at a minimum) set forth a plan for conducting outreach efforts to 
inform tribal communities about the compensation program and for 
providing compensation for culturally appropriate expenses and 
services.


Sec.  94.216  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.217  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.218  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.219  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.220  [RESERVED]

Victim Eligibility Considerations


Sec.  94.221  Residency and Place of Crime.

    (a) Nonresidents. A State must provide compensation to nonresidents 
of the State, as provided in 34 U.S.C. 20102(b)(4).
    (b) Residents victimized outside of the State. A State must provide 
compensation to its residents who are victims of crimes occurring 
outside of the State, as provided in 34 U.S.C. 20102(b)(6). A State 
may, but is not required to, compensate its residents

[[Page 7651]]

who are victims of international terrorism occurring outside of the 
United States (see 18 U.S.C. 2331(1)).
    (c) Federal immigration status. Nothing in this subpart shall be 
understood to require or authorize a State to consider the Federal 
immigration status of a victim (or of a survivor of a victim) in 
determining eligibility for crime victim compensation.


Sec.  94.222  Criminal History and Delinquent Payments.

    (a) Criminal History. A State may not deny compensation because of 
a victim's or survivor's incarceration, probation, or parole status, 
prior criminal history, or sentence.
    (b) Delinquent Fines, Penalties, or Restitution. A State may deny 
compensation to the extent that a victim is delinquent in paying a 
criminal fine, penalty, or restitution.
    (c) Federal Delinquent Fines, Penalties, or Restitution. As of the 
effective date of this rule, States are not required to check whether a 
compensation recipient is delinquent in paying a Federal criminal fine, 
-penalty, or -restitution before making a compensation payment. See 
Public Law 104-132, title II, sec. 234(a)(2), April 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 
1245 (delaying implementation of the requirement in 34 U.S.C. 
20102(b)(8)).


Sec.  94.223  Contributory Conduct.

    (a) In general. A State may not deny or reduce claims on the basis 
of a victim's alleged contributory conduct, except pursuant to 
paragraph (b).
    (b) Exceptional cases. In exceptional and specific cases, a State 
may deny or reduce claims on the basis of a victim's alleged 
contributory conduct, provided that--
    (1) The victim's alleged contributory conduct was not the result of 
criminal force, fraud, or coercion (e.g., human trafficking); and
    (2) The State has a publicly available written policy in effect 
that (at a minimum) sets forth the standard of review, the review 
process, and an appeal process for any such denials or reductions.


Sec.  94.224   Familial Relationship or Shared Residence with Offender 
(Unjust Enrichment).

    (a) In general. States must comply with the limitation on the 
denial of compensation based on family relationship or sharing of a 
residence with the offender, set forth in 34 U.S.C. 20102(b)(7) 
(limiting such denials except pursuant to State rules to prevent unjust 
enrichment of the offender).
    (b) Unjust enrichment. A State may not deny compensation based on a 
victim's familial relationship or shared residence with an offender 
unless it has, in effect, a law, rule, or written policy that addresses 
unjust enrichment. Such law, rule, or written policy may not prohibit 
compensation where there is only de minimis benefit to the offender, 
and it may provide exceptions for the wellbeing of the victim (e.g., by 
allowing compensation when collateral sources of payment from an 
offender are not reasonably available, or where the State has the 
option of seeking subrogation from the offender).


Sec.  94.225  Victim Application Provisions.

    (a) Waiver of filing deadline for delayed testing of, or DNA 
profile matching from, certain sexual offense evidence. States must 
provide a waiver for application filing deadlines, pursuant to the 
requirements of 34 U.S.C. 20102(a)(9).
    (b) Notary requirements prohibited. No State may require applicants 
to provide a notarized signature to complete the State's initial 
application for compensation. States are not prohibited from requiring 
notarized signatures for specific application documents, where 
appropriate.


Sec.  94.226  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.227  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.228  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.229  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.230  [RESERVED]

Relationship to Collateral Sources of Payment


Sec.  94.231  Coordination.

    In order to promote mutual understanding of eligibility 
requirements, application processing, timelines, and other program 
specific requirements, States must coordinate with, and provide 
appropriate referrals to, other programs that provide financial 
assistance and services to crime victims, whether funded by Federal, 
State or local Governments, to facilitate victim access to resources. 
Examples of such programs include workers' compensation, vocational 
rehabilitation, and VOCA victim assistance subgrantee programs.


Sec.  94.232  Means Testing.

    OVC understands the provision at 34 U.S.C. 20102(c) (generally 
prohibiting other programs from counting victim compensation payments 
for purposes of means testing, except for the 9/11 Victim Compensation 
Fund), in its reference to ``any amount of crime victim compensation 
that the applicant receives through a crime victim compensation program 
under this section'' to refer to both State and federally funded victim 
compensation payments.


Sec.  94.233  Payor of Last Resort.

    (a) Exceptions. A State may make exceptions to the payor of last 
resort requirement in 34 U.S.C. 20102(e) (which requires the State 
compensation program (whether using VOCA funds or State funds for 
payments) to be the payor of last resort with regard to most Federal or 
federally financed programs) for victim needs that would not adequately 
be met by collateral sources that normally are required to pay first 
(e.g., collateral source not reasonably available due to delay, 
coverage, or other reasons).
    (b) No requirement for victims to apply for or use collateral 
sources. States are not required to have victims apply for, or use, 
other Federal or federally funded programs, or private insurance, 
private donations, or crowdfunding, prior to making a compensation 
payment.


Sec.  94.234  Private Donations and Crowdfunding.

    States may not consider private donations (e.g., crowdfunding) as 
collateral sources for mandatorily or optionally compensable expenses, 
except under extenuating circumstances (e.g., large incidents, mass 
violence, high-profile incidents), as determined by the State.


Sec.  94.235  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.236  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.237  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.238  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.239  [RESERVED]


Sec.  94.240  [RESERVED]

Program Administration


Sec.  94.241  Grant Award Period of Performance.

    Victim compensation grants are awarded annually and are available 
during the timeframe set forth in 34 U.S.C. 20101(e) (the Federal 
fiscal year of award plus three fiscal years). A States may use grant 
award funds to pay compensation claims paid during the grant award 
period of performance (including reimbursement for claims paid during 
that period but prior to award), unless otherwise restricted by the 
terms of the award. OVC will consider period of performance extension 
requests on a case-by-case

[[Page 7652]]

basis (approval of a request is subject to the discretion of the 
Assistant Attorney General for OJP), pursuant to request procedures set 
forth in the DOJ Grants Financial Guide, or procedures otherwise 
specified by OVC from time-to-time.


Sec.  94.242  Application for Annual Grant.

    OVC issues an annual notice of funding opportunity (solicitation of 
application) to States that describes how to apply for the grant. The 
application must be submitted in the form and manner, and by the 
deadlines, prescribed by OVC. OVC may deny a non-compliant application.


Sec.  94.243  Process for State Certification of Compensation Payments.

    (a) Manner of certification. A State shall provide to OVC the 
information required by OVC and shall do so in such form and manner as 
OVC may specify from time-to-time, to run the allocation formula in 34 
U.S.C. 20102(a). OVC, as of the effective date of this rule, requires 
this information to be reported annually on a Federal fiscal year basis 
via its Victim Compensation Certification form.
    (b) State policy for certification. A State must have a written 
policy regarding completion and submission of the Victim Compensation 
Certification form. Such policy must (at a minimum) set forth the steps 
to complete the form, the data sources the State uses to populate the 
form, and the review process for approval of the form.


Sec.  94.244  Recoupment of Compensation Payment Recovery Costs.

    States may report certain recovery costs to OVC, as provided in the 
Victim Compensation Certification form, to be treated as (and added to) 
the amount of certified compensation payments for purposes of 
calculating the State's VOCA Victim Compensation grant.


Sec.  94.245  Incorrect Certifications.

    (a) Over-certification. If a State over-certifies compensations 
payments to crime victims (resulting in a grant amount that is more 
than the statutory allocation), the necessary steps will be taken by 
OVC to recover funds that were awarded in error. OVC (in its 
discretion) may offset the excess amount against prior or subsequent 
year under-certifications, or against future awards, or implement other 
remedies as appropriate.
    (b) Under-certification. If a State under-certifies compensation 
payments to crime victims (resulting in a grant amount that is less 
than the statutory allocation), OVC ordinarily will not award 
supplemental funds to the State to correct the State's error, as this 
typically would require recalculating allocations to every State VOCA 
compensation and assistance program and would be administratively 
burdensome. OVC (in its discretion) may offset the lower amount against 
prior or subsequent year over-certifications, add it to future awards, 
or implement other remedies as appropriate.


Sec.  94.246  Sources of Payments to Crime Victims.

    A State is not required to identify the source of individual 
payments to crime victims as either Federal or State funds, or to track 
restitution recoveries or other refunds to Federal or State funds paid 
out to the victim. States are required (at a minimum) to allocate 
aggregate payment amounts to Federal or State funding for annual 
reporting.


Sec.  94.247  Reporting.

    A State shall submit such reports for grants awarded under this 
program as OVC may require from time-to-time.


Sec.  94.248  Access to Records.

    A State shall, upon request, and consistent with 2 CFR 200.337 
(protecting true names of victims), provide OJP (and other Federal 
agencies responsible for grant monitoring, audit, or investigation) 
with access to all records related to the use of grant awards under 
this subpart.


Sec.  94.249  Discrimination Prohibited.

    (a) DOJ rules apply. The VOCA non-discrimination provisions set out 
at 34 U.S.C. 20110(e) are implemented for grant awards under this 
subpart in accordance with 28 CFR part 42.
    (b) OCR guidance. In complying with VOCA, at 34 U.S.C. 20110(e), as 
implemented by 28 CFR part 42, and other applicable civil rights 
requirements, SAAs shall comply with such guidance as may be issued 
from time-to-time by the OJP Office for Civil Rights.
    (c) Language access. In connection with grants awarded under this 
subpart, States shall comply with pertinent Federal civil-rights 
requirements to provide language access for limited English proficient 
persons.


Sec.  94.250  Non-disclosure of Confidential or Private Information.

    A State shall comply with the requirements of section 94.115 of 
subpart B of this Part, applied mutatis mutandis to grants awarded 
under this subpart.

Administrative and Training Costs


Sec.  94.251  Administrative and Training Cost Allowance.

    (a) Notification. Within the limit provided in 34 U.S.C. 
20102(a)(4), a State may use VOCA Compensation grant funds for training 
purposes or administration of the State crime victim compensation 
program but must notify OVC of its decision to do so, either at the 
time of application for the VOCA grant or within thirty days of such 
decision. If VOCA funding will be used for administration, the State 
shall follow the rules in sec. 94.213 of this subpart, and submit the 
certification required by 34 U.S.C. 20110(h), regarding supplantation.
    (b) Records. States shall maintain sufficient records to 
substantiate expenditure of VOCA funds for training or administration 
and are required (in performance reporting) to describe the use and 
effect of these funds on the State victim compensation program.


Sec.  94.252  Allowable Administrative and Training Costs.

    States may use the VOCA Compensation administrative and training 
cost allocation for a broad variety of costs reasonably necessary and 
allocable to administrative and training needs of the State crime 
victim compensation program. The State crime victim compensation 
program encompasses both State-funded and federally funded compensation 
payments and activities under that program. All charges to the VOCA 
grant for administrative and training costs must be reasonably 
allocable to the period of performance under the grant award to which 
they are charged and in proportion to their benefit to the State victim 
compensation program under the generally applicable government-wide 
allocation rules in 2 CFR part 200. VOCA funds used for training may be 
used only for training activities that occur within the award period of 
performance for the grant award to which they are charged, and all 
funds for training charged to that grant award must be obligated prior 
to the end of that period of performance.

    Dated: January 31, 2024.
Amy Solomon,
Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs.
[FR Doc. 2024-02230 Filed 2-2-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-18-P