[Cite as In re M.H., 2014-Ohio-5478.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

 )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF SUMMIT ) 

IN RE: M.H. 

 R.H. 

 

 

 

C.A. Nos. 27313 

27317 

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT 

ENTERED IN THE 

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO 

CASE Nos. DN 12 05 0319 

DN 12 05 0320 

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 15, 2014 

 

 CARR, Presiding Judge. 

{¶1} Appellants, Priscilla B. (“Mother”) and M.H. (“Father”), appeal from a judgment 

of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated their parental 

rights and placed their two minor children in the permanent custody of Summit County Children 

Services Board (“CSB”). This Court affirms. 

I. 

{¶2} Mother and Father are the natural parents of M.H., born December 17, 2005, and 

R.H., born February 26, 2008. The children were removed from the parents’ custody during 

May 2012, because their home was filthy and infested with bugs. Walls and ceilings in the home 

were also collapsing, the roof leaked, and electrical wires were exposed in some areas. The 

parents later agreed to an adjudication of dependency. 
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{¶3} Throughout this case, the reunification goals for both parents were to: (1) “attain 

clean, safe, stable, independent housing, with functioning utilities free of any infestations [,]” and 

(2) “demonstrate knowledge of appropriate parenting skills, including * * * how to provide a 

safe environment for the children, the knowledge and ability to meet the children’s basic and 

medical needs, and age appropriate discipline techniques.” 

{¶4} The underlying and ongoing problems in this case stemmed from the parents’ 

cognitive limitations. According to their parenting assessments, Mother had an IQ of 75. 

Father’s IQ was slightly lower and he also had physical disabilities, both of which had resulted 

from complications during his birth. The psychologist who performed the assessment observed 

that neither parent demonstrated any insight into the reasons for the children’s removal from the 

home. He opined that they would never be able to parent their children without extensive 

supervision in their home due to their cognitive impairments. 

{¶5} Nevertheless, CSB connected the parents with service providers who attempted to 

help them improve their parenting skills and insight into the needs of their children. Although 

the parents were cooperative with CSB and most of their service providers, they made little 

progress during the case toward developing the skills they needed to provide their children with a 

suitable home. 

{¶6} CSB moved for permanent custody during October 2013. The parents 

alternatively moved for an extension of temporary custody or for the children to be placed in the 

legal custody of a relative. Shortly after the motion for permanent custody was filed, the parents 

relocated to a three-bedroom, government-subsidized apartment. The caseworker visited that 

home and, although she saw two roaches in the home during one visit, the home was 

exterminated and bugs were no longer a problem. 
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{¶7} At the hearing on the alternate dispositional motions, it was not disputed that the 

parents tried to comply with the requirements of the case plan, including completing two sets of 

parenting classes at their own expense, obtaining suitable housing, and regularly visiting their 

children, who were always happy to see them. All witnesses agreed that the parents and children 

were bonded. 

{¶8} On the other hand, the trial court also heard undisputed testimony that, despite all 

of their case planning efforts, the parents remained unable to meet the children’s needs because 

of their cognitive limitations. Numerous witnesses testified that, despite their cooperation in 

completing two sets of parenting classes, the parents did not seem to know how to implement 

what they had been taught. 

{¶9} The trial court ultimately found that both children had been in the temporary 

custody of CSB for more than 12 of the prior 22 months and that permanent custody was in their 

best interests. Therefore, it terminated parental rights and placed the children in the permanent 

custody of CSB. 

{¶10} Mother and Father separately appealed and their appeals were later consolidated. 

After an initial review of the record, this Court questioned whether CSB had exerted reasonable 

reunification efforts to reunify the family prior to moving for permanent custody. Consequently, 

this Court requested that the parties brief that issue, which was not raised in the trial court. 

Based on the specific arguments briefed by the parties, and because the trial court had no reason 

to address the reasonableness of CSB’s reunification efforts at the permanent custody hearing, 

see In re C.F., 113 Ohio St.3d 73, syllabus (2006), this Court declines to address the 

supplemental issue and will instead confine its review to the parties’ original briefs. 

 
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II. 

MOTHER’S ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION TO GRANT THE STATE’S MOTION FOR 

PERMANENT CUSTODY IS NOT SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND 

CONVINCING EVIDENCE AND IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF 

THE EVIDENCE. 

FATHER’S ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT PERMANENT CUSTODY 

WAS SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE, AND 

THAT THE GRANT OF PERMANENT CUSTODY WAS SUPPORTED BY 

THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE. 

{¶11} Because Mother and Father both challenge the weight of the evidence supporting 

the trial court’s decision, we will address their assignments of error together. R.C. 

2151.414(B)(1) establishes a two-part test for courts to apply when determining whether to grant 

a motion for permanent custody to a public children services agency. The statute requires the 

court to find, by clear and convincing evidence, that: (1) one of the enumerated factors in R.C. 

2151.414(B)(1)(a)-(e) apply, and (2) permanent custody is in the best interest of the child. R.C. 

2151.414(B)(1). Clear and convincing evidence is that which is sufficient to produce in the mind 

of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established. Cross v. 

Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. 

{¶12} The trial court found that the first prong of the test was satisfied because both 

children had been in the temporary custody of CSB for more than 12 of the prior 22 months. The 

parents do not dispute that finding but instead contest the trial court’s finding that permanent 

custody was in the children’s best interests. 

{¶13} When determining whether a grant of permanent custody is in the children’s best 

interests, the juvenile court must consider all the relevant factors, including those enumerated in 
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R.C. 2151.414(D): the interaction and interrelationships of the children, their wishes, their 

custodial history, and their need for permanence in their lives. See In re R.G., 9th Dist. Summit 

Nos. 24834 and 24850, 2009-Ohio-6284, ¶ 11. “Although the trial court is not precluded from 

considering other relevant factors, the statute explicitly requires the court to consider all of the 

enumerated factors.” In re Smith, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20711, 2002 WL 5178, *3 (Jan. 2, 

2002); see also In re Palladino, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2002-G-2445, 2002-Ohio-5606, ¶ 24. 

{¶14} Although both parents visited the children regularly and the children were always 

excited and happy to see them, the visits never progressed beyond supervised visitation. The 

children’s counselor, who supervised one of the visits, was concerned about the lack of 

interaction between the parents and children. She testified that she needed to prompt the parents 

to interact with M.H. and R.H. The parents never began counseling with the children because 

they had failed to consistently attend their own, individual counseling sessions. 

{¶15} During this case, Mother and Father completed two sets of parenting classes. 

After the first set of general parenting classes, CSB observed that they were not able to 

implement what they had learned. Their second set of classes was designed to address some of 

their specific parenting problems, such as hygiene, discipline, nutrition, anger management, and 

school readiness. A witness who had instructed the parents testified that Father’s participation 

during the classes was not good because he often fell asleep. Mother tended to argue about what 

they were teaching her. In the end, after completing the second set of classes, the instructor 

concluded that the parents had not learned what they needed to know to be able to parent their 

children. 

{¶16} CSB remained concerned that the parents continued to lack an ability to make 

appropriate parenting choices for their children. For example, Mother had informed the 
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caseworker that she had recently reestablished a relationship with her own father, who is a 

convicted sex offender. Despite his sex offender status, Mother seemed to believe that he would 

be an appropriate person to help her care for her children. 

{¶17} Several other witnesses similarly testified that Mother and Father clearly loved 

their children and wanted to be able to provide them with a suitable home, but they were unable 

to do so. Witnesses who had observed the parents interact with their children testified that they 

continually needed to redirect the parents to correct their inattention to their children or 

inappropriate behavior. 

{¶18} When the children came into CSB care, each had been exposed to ongoing and 

extreme insect infestation, as well as other hazards and potential neglect in their home. R.H. also 

suffered from delays in her expressive speech and fine motor skills. Each child had excessive 

fears of insects, which caused “destructive sleep” and even caused them to be fearful while 

awake. Their counselor explained that M.H. would hear buzzing sounds and have terrible fears 

of being stung or bitten. Through the consistency, care, and attention that they had received 

while in foster care, each child was demonstrating decreased fears, improved behavior, and 

developmental and academic improvements. M.H. told his counselor that he felt safe in his 

current foster home. 

{¶19} There was evidence before the court that the children loved their parents and 

wanted to be reunited with them. Closer to the time of the hearing, however, M.H. told the 

guardian ad litem that he wanted to spend one day with his parents and one day with the foster 

parents. The children were bonded with each other, with their parents, and with their current 

foster parents. The foster parents were interested in adopting the children and had expressed a 

willingness to allow the parents to continue visiting the children. 
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{¶20} The guardian ad litem opined that permanent custody was in the children’s best 

interests. As several witnesses had already explained, the parents did not interact appropriately 

with their children and failed to demonstrate any insight into their parenting problems. The 

guardian ad litem was particularly concerned that, after almost two years of case planning 

efforts, the parents still failed to recognize that there was anything wrong with their prior, buginfested and hazard-laden home. She opined that, no matter how hard they try, these parents 

will not be capable of providing their children with a suitable home. 

{¶21} M.H. and R.H. spent the early years of their lives living with their parents where 

their need for a safe and stable home was not consistently met. Since their removal from their 

parents’ home nearly two years before the permanent custody hearing, the children’s needs were 

being met on a consistent basis, they were engaged in regular counseling, and they were 

overcoming their fears, behavioral problems, and developmental delays. During this time, 

however, they had lived in three different temporary placements and were in need of a legally 

secure permanent home. 

{¶22} Mother and Father were not able to provide the children with a suitable permanent 

home because the parents lacked the ongoing assistance and supervision that they would need to 

safely parent the children. Although they qualified for a few hours per week of communitybased assistance, the evidence demonstrated that these parents needed much more extensive help 

to parent their children. Their only family support system was a maternal great-grandmother, 

who had dementia. CSB had considered several relatives to take legal custody of the children 

but were unable to find any suitable relative placement for the children. A second cousin 

testified at the hearing that she would be willing to help with the children, but she had not seen 

the children throughout this case and had no bond with them. 
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{¶23} Consequently, the trial court reasonably concluded that a legally secure 

permanent placement would only be achieved by placing the children in the permanent custody 

of CSB and that such a disposition was in the children’s best interests. The parents’ assignments 

of error are overruled. 

III. 

{¶24} The parents’ assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit 

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

 There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

 We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy 

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. 

 Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the 

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the 

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 

 Costs taxed to Appellants. 

 

 DONNA J. CARR 

 FOR THE COURT 
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WHITMORE, J. 

MOORE, J. 

CONCUR

APPEARANCES:

SHUBHRA N. AGARWAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant. 

GREGORY A. PRICE, Attorney at Law, for Appellant. 

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant 

Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee. 

GINA D’AURELIO, Attorney at Law, for Appellee. 

LINDA BENNETT, Guardian ad litem.