FILED 

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 

 September 1, 2005 

 THOMAS K. KAHN 

 CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 04-13937

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D. C. Docket No. 03-80161-CR-JCP

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee, 

versus 

URIEL PINEDA, 

a.k.a. Uriel Pineda-Torres, 

a.k.a. Jose Robles, 

a.k.a. Jose Salvatine, 

Defendant-Appellant. 

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of Florida

_________________________

(September 1, 2005)

Before ANDERSON, BIRCH and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Uriel Pineda appeals his 57-month sentence of imprisonment for reentering
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the United States illegally after having previously been removed. Pineda argues

that the district court committed both statutory and constitutional errors under

United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. ___, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005), because the district

court, under a mandatory Guidelines system, enhanced Pineda’s sentence based on

a finding that Pineda was sentenced previously to concurrent 25-month sentences

for trafficking cocaine before Pineda was removed from the United States. 

Because Pineda preserved this objection in the district court, and the government

cannot establish that the error of sentencing Pineda under a mandatory regime was

harmless, we vacate his sentence and remand for resentencing. 

After Pineda pleaded guilty to violating 18 U.S.C. section 1326(a) and

(b)(2), the district court enhanced Pineda’s sentence because Pineda had been

convicted previously of trafficking cocaine. U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i). Pineda

had been sentenced to longer than 13 months’ imprisonment, the threshold for the

sentence enhancement of section 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Guidelines. Pineda

objected to the enhancement of his sentence because the district judge, not a jury,

found that Pineda had been sentenced to more than 13 months’ imprisonment for

his previous offense. The district court overruled Pineda’s objection and, because

Pineda was a category IV career criminal, sentenced Pineda to 57 months in prison

for his illegal reentry. That sentence was at the low end of the Guideline range. 
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“Where there is a timely objection, we review the defendant’s Booker claim

in order to determine whether the error was harmless.” United States v. Mathenia,

409 F.3d 1289, 1291 (11th Cir. 2005). As this Court discussed in Mathenia,

“[t]here are two harmless error standards. One of them applies to Booker

constitutional errors, the other to Booker statutory errors.” Id. The first standard,

for constitutional error, requires the government to show “beyond a reasonable

doubt, that the error did not contribute to the defendant’s ultimate sentence.” Id. at

1291-92. The second standard, for statutory error, requires us to determine

whether the error either did not affect the sentence or only had a very slight effect. 

Id. at 1292 (quoting United States v. Hornaday, 392 F.3d 1306, 1315-16 (11th Cir.

2004)). The standard of review for statutory error “is not easy for the government

to meet. It is as difficult for the government to meet that standard as it is for a

defendant to meet the third-prong prejudice standard for plain error review.” Id.

Pineda’s constitutional argument fails. It was not an error for the district

court to enhance Pineda’s sentence based on his previous convictions and sentence. 

As the Court explained in Booker, “Any fact (other than a prior conviction) which

is necessary to support a sentence exceeding the maximum authorized by the facts

established by a plea of guilty or a jury verdict must be admitted by the defendant

or proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.” 543 U.S. at ___, 125 S. Ct. at 756
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(emphasis added). This Court has stated previously that “we find no merit in [the]

. . . argument that the Sixth Amendment requires that a jury, not a judge, must

determine whether” a previous conviction fits within a “category of offenses.” 

United States v. Gallegos-Aguero, 409 F.3d 1274, 1277 (11th Cir. 2005). Judicial

factfinding regarding the length of the sentence imposed for a previous conviction

is a necessary component of the surviving exception to the ban on judicial

factfinding imposed by Booker . 

Pineda’s argument regarding statutory error has merit. As stated earlier, the

standard of review for preserved statutory error “is not easy for the government to

meet.” Mathenia, 409 F.3d at 1292. The government has conceded its difficulty

here: the government admits that the record does not show that sentencing Pineda

under the Guidelines as mandatory had a minimal effect on Pineda’s ultimate

sentence. Because the government cannot establish that this statutory error was

harmless, we must vacate Pineda’s sentence and remand this case to the district

court. 

VACATED and REMANDED.