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**Subpart CC**

**— Soda Ash Manufacturing**  **§98.290 Definition of the source category.**  (a) A soda ash manufacturing facility is any facility

with a manufacturing line that produces soda ash b y one of the methods in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section: (1) Calcining trona. (2) Calcining sodium sesq uicarbonate. (3) Using a liquid alkaline feedstock process that directly produces CO 2 . (b) In the context of the soda ash manufacturing sector, “calcining” means the thermal/chemical conversion of the bicarbonate fraction of the feedstock to sodium carbona te. **§98.291 Reporting threshold.**  You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a soda ash manufacturing process and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2). **§98.292 GHGs to report.**  You must report: ( a) CO 2 process emissions from each soda ash manufacturing line combined. (b) CO 2 combustion emissions from each soda ash manufacturing line. (c) CH 4 and N 2 O combustion emissions from each soda ash manufacturing line. You must calculate and report these emi ssions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) by

following the requirements of subpart C. (d) CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emissions from each stationary combustion unit other than soda ash manufacturing lines. You must calculate and report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary

Fuel Combustion Sources) by following the requirements of subpart C. **§98.293 Calculating GHG emissions.** Page 2 of 12

You must calculate and report the annual process CO 2 emissions from each soda ash manufacturing line using the procedures specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. (a) For each soda ash manufacturing line that meets the conditions specified in §98.33(b)(4)(ii) or (b)(4)(iii), you must calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO 2 emissions by operating and maintaining a CEMS to measure CO 2 emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). (b) For each soda ash manufacturing line that is not subject to the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section, calculate and report the process CO 2 emissions from the soda ash manuf acturing line b y using the procedure in either paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section; and the combustion CO 2 emissions using the procedure in paragraph (b)(4) of this section.(1) Calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO 2 emissions by

operating and maintaining a CEMS to measure CO 2 emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fue l Combustion Sources). (2) Use either Equation CC

- 1 or Equation CC

- 2 of this section to calculate annual CO 2 process emissions from each manufacturing line that calcines trona to produce soda ash:

Where:Page 3 of 12

E k = Annual CO 2 process emissions from each manufacturing line, k (metric tons). (I C T) n = Inorganic carbon content (percent b y weight, expressed as a decimal fraction) in trona input, from the carbon anal ys is results for month n. This represents the ratio of trona to tro na ore. (I C sa) n = Inorganic carbon content (percent b y weight, expressed as a decimal fraction) in soda ash output, from the carbon anal ys is results for month n. This represents the purity of the soda ash produced. (T t) n = Mass of trona input in month n (t ons). (T sa) n = Mass of soda ash output in month n (tons). 2000/2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons to metric tons. 0.097/1 = Ratio of ton of CO 2 emitted for each ton of trona. 0.138/1 = Ratio of ton of CO 2 emitted for each ton of soda ash produced. (3 ) Site

-specific emission factor method. Use Equations CC

- 3, CC
- 4, and CC

- 5 of this section to determine annual CO 2 process emissions from manufacturing lines that use the liquid alkaline feedstock process to produce soda ash. You must conduct an annual performance test and measure CO 2 emissions and flow rates at all process vents from the mine water stripper/evaporator for each manufacturing line and calculate CO 2 emissions as described in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iv) of this section. (i) During the performance test, you must measure the process vent flow from each process vent during the test and calculate the average rate for the test period in metric tons per hour. (ii) Using the test data, you must calculate the hourly CO 2 emission rate using Equation CC
- 3 of this section:Page 4 of 12

Where: ERCO2 = CO 2 mass emission rate (metric tons/hour). C CO2 = Hourly

CO 2 concentration (percent CO 2 ) as determined b y §98.294(c). 10000 = Parts per million per percent 2.59×10 −9 = Conversion factor (pounds

- mole/dscf/ppm). 44 = Pounds per pound

- mole of carbon dioxide. Q = Stack gas volumetric flow rate per minute (dscfm). 60 = Minutes per hour 4.53 × 10 −4 = Conversion factor (metric tons/pound) (iii) Using the test data, you must calculate a CO 2 emission factor for the process using Equation CC

- 4 of this section:

Where: EF CO2 = CO 2 emission factor (metric tons CO 2/metric ton of process vent flow from mine water stripper/evaporator). ERCO2 = CO 2 mass emission rate (metric tons/hour). Vt = Process vent flow rate from mine water stripper/evaporator during annual performance test (pounds/hour). 4.53 × 10 −4 = Conversion factor (metric tons/pound) (iv) You must calculate annual CO 2 process emissions f rom each manufacturing line using Equation CC

- 5 of this section:Page 5 of 12

Where: E k = Annual CO 2 process emissions for each manufacturing line, k (metric tons). EF CO2 = CO 2 emission factor (metric tons CO 2/metric ton of process vent flow from mine water stripper/ evaporator). V a = Annual process vent flow rate from mine water stripper/evaporator (thousand pounds/hour). H = Annual operating hours for the each manufacturing line. 0.453 = Conversion factor (metric tons/thousand pounds). (4) Calculate and report under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) the combustion CO 2 , CH4 , and N 2 O emissions in the soda ash manufacturing line according to the applicable requirements in subpart C. **§98.294 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.**  Section 98.2 93 provides three different procedures for emission calculations. The appropriate paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section should be used for the procedure chosen. (a) If you determine your emissions using §98.293(b)(2) (Equation CC

- 1 of this subpart) yo u must: (1) Determine the monthly inorganic carbon content of the trona from a weekly composite anal ys is for each soda ash manufacturing line, using a modified version of ASTM E359
- 00 (Reapproved 2005)e1, Standard Test Methods for Anal ys is of Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). ASTM E359

- 00(Reapproved 2005) e1 is designed to measure the total alkalinity in soda ash not in trona. The modified method referred to above adjusts the regular ASTM method to express the results in terms of trona. AlthoughPage 6 of 12

ASTM E359
- 00 (Reapproved 2005) e1 uses manual titration, suitable autotitrators may also be used for this determination. (2) Measure the mass of trona input to each soda ash manufacturing line on a monthly basis using belt scales or methods used for accounting purposes. (3) Document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of the monthl y measurements of trona consumed. (b) If you calculate CO 2 process emissions based on soda ash production (§98.293(b)(2) Equation CC

- 2 of this subpart), you must: (1) Determine the inorganic carbon content of the soda ash (i.e., soda ash purity) using ASTM E359
- 00 (Reapproved 2005) e1 Standard Test Methods for Anal ys is of Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) (incorporated b y reference, see §98.7) . Although ASTM E359

- 00 (Reapproved 2005) e1 uses manual titration, suitable autotitrators may also be used for this determination. (2) Measure the mass of soda ash produced b y each soda ash manufacturing line on a monthly basis using belt scales, by weighing the soda ash at the truck or rail loadout points of yo ur facility, or methods used for accounting purposes. (3) Document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of the monthl y measurements of soda ash produced. (c) If you calculate CO 2 emissions using the site

- specific emission factor method in §98.293(b)(3), you must: (1) Conduct an annual performance test that is based on representative performance (i.e., performance based on normal operating conditions) of the affected process. (2) Sample the stac k gas and conduct three emissions test runs of 1 hour each.Page 7 of 12

(3) Conduct the stack test using EPA Method 3A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A

- 2 to measure the CO 2 concentration, Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, or 2F at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A

- 1 or Method 26 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A

- 2 to determine the stack gas volumetric flow rate. All QA/QC procedures specified in the reference test methods and any associated performance specifications appl y. For each test, the facility must prepare an emission factor determinati on report that must include the items in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (c)(3)(iii) of this section. (i) Anal ys is of samples, determination of emissions, and raw data. (ii) All information and data used to derive the emissions factor(s). (iii) You must deter

mine the average process vent flow rate from the mine water stripper/evaporater during each test and document how it was determined. (4) You must also determine the annual vent flow rate from the mine water stripper/evaporater from monthly information using the same plant instruments or procedures used for accounting purposes (i.e., volumetric flow meter). **§98.295 Procedures for estimating missing data.** For the emission calculation methodologies in §98.293(b)(2) and (b)(3), a complete record of all meas ured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations is required (e.g., inorganic carbon content values, etc.). Therefore, whenever a quality- assured value of a required parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the missing parameter shall be used in the calculations as specified in the paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section. You must document and keep records of the procedures used for all such missing value estimates. (a) For each missing value of the weekl y composite of inorganic carbon content of either soda ash or trona, the substitute data value shall be the arithmetic average of the quality

- assured values of inorganic carbon contents from the week immediately preceding and the weekPage 8 of 12

immediately

following the missing data incident. If no quality

- assured data on inorganic carbon contents are available prior to the missing data incident, the substitute data value shall be the first quality

- assured value for carbon contents obtained after the missing data period. (b) For each missing value of either the monthly soda ash production or the trona consumption, the substitute data value shall be the best available estimate(s) of the parameter(s), based on all available process data or data used for accounting purposes. (c) For each missing value collected during the performance test (hourl y C O 2 concentration, stack gas volumetric flow rate, or average process vent flow from mine water stripper/evaporator during performance test), you must repeat the annual performance test following the calculati on and monitoring and QA/QC requirements under §§98.293(b)(3) and 98.294(c). (d) For each missing value of the monthly process vent flow rate from mine water stripper/evaporator, the subsititute data value shall be the best available estimate(s) of the parameter(s), based on all available process data or the lesser of the maximum capacity of the system or the maximum rate the meter can measure. **§ 98. 296**  **Data reporting requirements.** In addition to the information required b y § 98. 3(c), each annual report mus t contain the information specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, as appropriate for each soda ash manufacturing facility

. (a) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2 emissions, then you must report under this subpart the relevant information required under § 98. 36 and the following information in this paragraph (a): (1) Annual consumption of trona or liquid alkaline feedstock at the facility level (tons).Page 9 of 12

(2) Annual production of soda ash for each manufacturing line (tons)

. (3) Annual production capacity of soda ash for each manufacturing line (tons). (4) Identification number of each manufacturing line. (b) If a CEMS is not used to measure CO 2 emissions, then you must report the information listed in this paragraph (b): (1 ) Identification number of each manufacturing line. (2) Annual process CO 2 emissions from each soda ash manufacturing line (metric tons). (3) Annual production of soda ash for each manufacturing line (tons). (4) Annual production capacity of soda ash for e ach manufacturing line (tons). (5) Annual consumption of trona or liquid alkaline feedstock at the facility level (tons)

. (6) Reserved

. (7) Reserved

. (8) Whether CO 2 emissions for each manufacturing line were calculated using a trona input method as described in Equation CC

- 1 of this subpart, a soda ash output method as described in Equation CC

- 2 of this subpart, or a site

- specific emission factor method as described in Equations CC

- 3 through CC

- 5 of this subpart. (9) Number of manufacturing lines located used to produce soda ash. (10) If you produce soda ash using the liquid alkaline feedstock process and use the site

specific emission factor method ( § 98. 293(b)(3)) to estimate emissions then you must report the following relevant information for each manufacturing line or stack: (i) Stack gas volumetric flow rate during performance test (dscfm). (ii) Hourl y CO 2 concentration during performance test (percent CO 2 ).Page 10 of 12

(ii i) CO 2 emission factor (metric tons CO 2/metric tons of process vent flow from mine water stripper/evaporator). (iv) CO 2 mass emission rate during performance test (metric tons/hour). (v) Average process vent flow from mine water stripper/evaporator during performance test (pounds/hour). (vi) Annual process vent flow rate from mine water stripper/evaporator (thousand pounds/hour). (11) Number of times missing data procedures were used and for which parameter as specified in this paragraph (b)(11): (i) Trona or soda ash (number of months). (ii) Inorganic carbon contents of trona or soda ash (weeks). (iii) Process vent flow rate from mine water stripper/evaporator (number of months). **§ 98. 297**  **Records that must be retained.** In addition to the records required b y § 98. 3(g), you must retain the records specified in paragraphs (a) through ( c ) of this section for each soda ash manufacturing line. (a) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2 emissions, then you must retain under this subpart the records required for the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in subpart C of this part and the information listed in this paragraph (a): (1) Monthly

production of soda ash (tons) (2) Monthly

consumption of trona or liquid alkaline feedstock (tons) (3) Annual operating hours (hour s). (b) If a CEMS is not used to measure emissions, then you must retain records for the information listed in this paragraph (b):Page 11 of 12

(1) Records of all anal ys es and calculations conducted for determining all reported data as listed in § 98. 296(b). (2) If using Equation CC

- 1 or CC
- 2 of this subpart, weekl y inorganic carbon content factor of trona or soda ash, depending on method chosen, as measured b y the applicable method in § 98. 294(b) (percent by weight expressed as a decimal fraction). (3) Annual operating hours for each manufacturing line used to produce soda ash (hours). (4) You must document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of the monthly

trona consumption or soda ash production measurements including, but not limited to, calibration of weighin g equipment and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided. (5) If you produce soda ash using the liquid alkaline feedstock p rocess and use the site

specific emission factor method to estimate emissions ( § 98. 293(b)(3)) then you must also retain the following relevant information: (i) Records of performance test results. (ii) You must document the procedures used to ensure the a ccuracy of the annual average vent flow measurements including, but not limited to, calibration of flow rate meters and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided. (c) Verification software records . You must keep a record of the file generated by the verification software specified in § 98.5(b) for the applicable data specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section. Retention of this file satisfies the recordkeeping requirement for the data in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this sectionPage 12 of 12

(1) Inorganic carbon content in trona input, from the carbon anal ys is results for month (percent b y weight, expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation CC

- 1 of § 98.293 ). (2) Mass of trona input in month (tons) (Equation CC

- 1). (3) Inorganic carbon content in soda ash output, from the carbon anal ys is results for month (percent b y weight, expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation CC

- 2 of § 98.293 ). (4) Mass of soda ash output in month (tons) (Equation CC

- 2). **§98.298 Definitions.**  All terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part.