[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 29 (Monday, February 12, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 9920-9965]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-02182]



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Vol. 89

Monday,

No. 29

February 12, 2024

Part II





 Department of the Interior





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Fish and Wildlife Service





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50 CFR Parts 13 and 22





Permits for Incidental Take of Eagles and Eagle Nests; Final Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 89 , No. 29 / Monday, February 12, 2024 / 
Rules and Regulations

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Parts 13 and 22

[Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2020-0023; FF09M30000-234-FXMB12320900000]
RIN 1018-BE70


Permits for Incidental Take of Eagles and Eagle Nests

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are revising the 
regulations for the issuance of permits for eagle incidental take and 
eagle nest take. The purpose of these revisions is to increase the 
efficiency and effectiveness of permitting, improve clarity for the 
regulated community, and increase the conservation benefit for eagles. 
In addition to continuing to authorize specific permits, we created 
general permits for certain activities under prescribed conditions, 
including general permit options for qualifying wind-energy generation 
projects, power line infrastructure, activities that may disturb 
breeding bald eagles, and bald eagle nest take. We also made 
improvements to the specific permit requirements and process. We also 
revised permit fees and clarified definitions.

DATES: Effective April 12, 2024.
    Information Collection Requirements: If you wish to comment on the 
information collection requirements in this rule, please note that the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is required to make a decision 
concerning the collection of information contained in this rule between 
30 and 60 days after the date of publication of this rule in the 
Federal Register. Therefore, comments should be submitted to OMB by 
March 13, 2024.

ADDRESSES: 
    Document availability: The finding of no significant impact, final 
environmental assessment, and supplementary information used in 
development of this rule, including a list of references cited, 
technical appendices, and public comments received are available at 
https://www.regulations.gov in Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2020-0023. 
Documents and additional information can also be found at: https://www.fws.gov/regulations/eagle.
    Information Collection Requirements: Written comments and 
suggestions on the information collection requirements should be 
submitted within 30 days of publication of this document to https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. Find this particular information 
collection by selecting ``Currently under Review--Open for Public 
Comments'' or by using the search function. Please provide a copy of 
your comments to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer, 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, MS: PRB (JAO/3W), 
Falls Church, VA 22041-3803 (mail); or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#81c8efe7eedec2eeededc1e7f6f2afe6eef7"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2861464e47776b474444684e5f5b064f475e">[email protected]</span></a> (email). 
Please reference OMB Control Number 1018-0167 in the subject line of 
your comments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerome Ford, Assistant Director--
Migratory Birds Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, telephone: 
(703) 358-2606, email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#721817001d1f172d141d0016321405015c151d04"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c6aca3b4a9aba399a0a9b4a286a0b1b5e8a1a9b0">[email protected]</span></a>. Individuals in the United 
States who are deaf, deafblind, hard of hearing, or have a speech 
disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or TeleBraille) to access 
telecommunications relay services. Individuals outside the United 
States should use the relay services offered within their country to 
make international calls to the point-of-contact in the United States.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is the Federal agency 
delegated with the primary responsibility for managing bald eagles 
(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) under 
the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act 16 U.S.C. 668-668d; 
[hereinafter the ``Eagle Act'']). The Eagle Act prohibits the take, 
possession, and transportation of bald eagles and golden eagles except 
pursuant to Federal regulations. The Eagle Act authorizes the Secretary 
of the Interior to issue regulations to permit the ``taking'' of eagles 
for various purposes, including when ``necessary . . . for the 
protection of other interests in any particular locality,'' provided 
the taking is compatible with the preservation of eagles (16 U.S.C. 
668a). Regulations pertaining to eagle permits are set forth in title 
50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 22. These 
regulations authorize the take of eagles by an activity: They do not 
purport to nor can they authorize the underlying activity itself.
    In 2009, subsequent to the delisting of the bald eagle from the 
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife at 50 CFR 17.11, the Service 
promulgated regulations (74 FR 46836, Sept. 11, 2009 [hereinafter the 
``2009 Eagle Rule'']) at 50 CFR part 22 that established two new permit 
types for the incidental take of eagles and eagle nests. Incidental 
take means foreseeable take that results from, but is not the purpose 
of, an activity. These regulations were revised in 2016 (81 FR 91494, 
December 16, 2016 [hereinafter the ``2016 Eagle Rule'']) to extend 
tenure, update the Service's Eagle Management Unit (EMU) boundaries, 
require preconstruction monitoring for wind-energy projects, and to 
amend the preservation standard. The 2016 Eagle Rule was supported by a 
programmatic environmental impact statement (PEIS), and the Service's 
final decision was described in a record of decision, both of which are 
available at https://www.regulations.gov in Docket No. FWS-R9-MB-2011-
0094.
    On September 14, 2021, the Service published an advance notice of 
proposed rulemaking (ANPR) to inform the public of changes the Service 
is considering that expedite and simplify the permit process 
authorizing incidental take of eagles (86 FR 51094). The ANPR also 
advised the public that the Service may prepare a draft environmental 
review pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as 
amended. In the ANPR, we invited input from Tribes, Federal agencies, 
State agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the general public 
for any pertinent issues we should address, including alternatives to 
our proposed approach for authorizing eagle incidental take. The public 
comment period closed on October 29, 2021. The Service used these 
comments to prepare a proposed rule and a draft environmental 
assessment (DEA) which we released on September 30, 2022 (87 FR 59598). 
The 60-day public comment period was extended to December 29, 2022 (87 
FR 72957, November 28, 2022). The DEA and proposed rule are available 
in Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2020-0023 (available at https://www.regulations.gov).
    Comments and materials we received, as well as supporting 
documentation we use in preparing the environmental analysis, are 
available for public inspection. For more information on public 
comments see the Response to Public Comments below. The Service also 
announces the availability of the finding of no significant impact 
(FONSI) for the Service's final environmental assessment (FEA). The 
FONSI is the final step in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 
process for this eagle rulemaking action, which includes revisions to 
the regulations governing permits for incidental take of eagles and 
take of eagle nests. The FONSI and FEA are available in Docket No. FWS-
HQ-

[[Page 9921]]

MB-2020-0023 (available at https://www.regulations.gov).
    With this rulemaking, we do not change the 2016 preservation 
standard or PEIS management objectives. The Eagle Act and existing 
regulations require that any authorized take of eagles be ``compatible 
with the preservation'' of bald and golden eagles (16 U.S.C. 668a). 
Under existing regulations, the preservation standard is defined as 
consistent with the goals of maintaining stable or increasing breeding 
populations in all eagle management units and the persistence of local 
populations throughout the geographic range of each species (50 CFR 
22.6).
    In 2009, the Service adopted different management criteria for bald 
eagles and golden eagles because of the different population statuses 
and growth rates of each species. We determined this approach is 
necessary both to achieve the preservation standard and to avoid being 
unnecessarily restrictive. We do not alter this approach with this 
rulemaking. In this rulemaking, the Service uses the recently updated 
population-size estimates and allowable take limits for bald eagles (87 
FR 5493, February 1, 2022).

This Rulemaking

Overview

    The Service creates a new subpart E within 50 CFR part 22 for eagle 
permit regulations authorizing take that is necessary for the 
protection of other interests in any particular locality (eagle take 
for other interests). This new subpart includes revised provisions for 
processing specific permits and creates general permits. General 
permits authorize incidental take by activity type that occur 
frequently enough for the Service to have developed a standardized 
approach to permitting and ensure permitting is consistent with the 
preservation standard. These regulations also restructure the existing 
specific permit regulations. These regulations apply, regardless of 
whether infrastructure is constructed before or after the final 
regulations.
    We amend these regulations to better align with the purpose and 
need described in the 2016 PEIS. In the 2016 Eagle Rule, the Service 
sought to:
    (1) increase compliance by simplifying the permitting framework and 
increasing certainty;
    (2) allow for consistent and efficient administration of the 
program by Service staff;
    (3) regulate based on best available science and data; and
    (4) enhance protection of eagles throughout their ranges by 
increasing implementation of avoidance, minimization, and mitigation of 
adverse impacts from human activities.
    In this rulemaking, we create a new subpart E for regulations 
governing the permitting of eagle take for other interests. We adopt 
two regulations for administering permitting: specific permits (Sec.  
22.200) and general permits (Sec.  22.210). We further specify 
activity-specific eligibility criteria and permit requirements in four 
sections based on activity and type of eagle take:
    <bullet> incidental take for permitting wind energy (Sec.  22.250),
    <bullet> incidental take for permitting power lines (Sec.  22.260),
    <bullet> disturbance take (Sec.  22.280), and
    <bullet> nest take (Sec.  22.300).
    For clarity and consistency, we have also moved regulatory content 
on permit conditions to a new section (Sec.  22.215) and content on 
compensatory mitigation standards to a new section (Sec.  22.220). We 
have created new definitions to define ``general permit'' and 
``incidental take'' and included clarifying modifications to the 
definitions of ``eagle management unit,'' ``eagle nest,'' and ``in-use 
nest'' (Sec.  22.6). We have redesignated related regulations 
pertaining to permit requirements for take of golden eagle nests (moved 
from Sec.  22.75 to Sec.  22.325) and permits for bald eagle take 
exempted under the Endangered Species Act (moved from Sec.  22.90 to 
Sec.  22.400) to a new subpart E, with only the modification of a 
nonsubstantive change to the section title for Sec.  22.325. Finally, 
we have adopted administrative updates to 50 CFR part 13, General 
Permit Procedures, to update the text regarding information-collection 
requirements and the table of application fees. These changes to the 
designated section numbers for previous regulations are as follows:

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                                                                                                New sections in
          Previous regulations in 50 CFR part 22                Regulatory subject matter       50 CFR part 22,
                                                                                                   subpart E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.  Sec.   22.80 and 22.85..............................  Specific permits.................      Sec.   22.200
                                                            General permits..................      Sec.   22.210
Sec.  Sec.   22.80 and 22.85..............................  Permit conditions................      Sec.   22.215
Sec.   22.80..............................................  Compensatory mitigation..........      Sec.   22.220
Sec.   22.80..............................................  Wind energy project incidental         Sec.   22.250
                                                             take.
Sec.   22.80..............................................  Power line incidental take.......      Sec.   22.260
Sec.   22.80..............................................  Eagle disturbance take...........      Sec.   22.280
Sec.   22.85..............................................  Eagle nest take..................      Sec.   22.300
Sec.   22.75..............................................  Golden eagle nest take for             Sec.   22.325
                                                             resource recovery operations.
Sec.   22.90..............................................  Bald eagle take exempted under         Sec.   22.400
                                                             the Endangered Species Act.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specific Permits and General Permits for Eagle Take

    Under these new and updated regulations, the Service will authorize 
eagle take using general permits and specific permits. General permits 
simplify and expedite the permitting process for activities that have 
relatively consistent and low risk to eagles and well-established 
avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation measures. General-
permit applicants self-identify eligibility and register with the 
Service. This includes providing required application information and 
fees and certifying that they meet eligibility criteria and will 
implement permit conditions and reporting requirements.
    The Service will implement general permits for the following 
activities: (1) certain categories of bald eagle nest take, (2) certain 
activities that may cause bald eagle disturbance take, (3) eagle 
incidental take associated with power line infrastructure, and (4) 
eagle incidental take associated with certain wind energy projects. 
These are described in more detail in the following sections. The 
Service will audit general permits to ensure applicants are 
appropriately interpreting and applying eligibility criteria and 
complying with permit conditions. Audits will include reviewing 
submitted application materials and reports. The Service will also 
request and review any plans or strategies

[[Page 9922]]

required by permit conditions, like adaptive management plans.
    The Service will continue to issue specific permits, which require 
submission of application materials to the Service for review and 
development of permit conditions. To maintain a review process adequate 
to meet the preservation standard for eagles, the Service retains the 
specific-permit approach for situations that have increased or 
uncertain risks to eagles. The applicant is responsible for submitting 
a qualifying application. The Service will determine, based on the 
materials provided, whether the application meets regulatory 
requirements. The Service is responsible for identifying and using the 
best available information in making these determinations. If an 
applicant is unable to meet Service data standards in applying, the 
Service may waive these data standards provided: (1) the application 
otherwise meets issuance criteria, (2) the Service has adequate 
information to estimate take, and (3) the waiver will be consistent 
with preservation of the eagle species. There is no process to petition 
the Service for a waiver; rather, this process will be at the Service's 
discretion and documented in the permit file. Specific permit 
conditions must meet or exceed the requirements of general permits, 
except when not practicable or when site-specific data warrants 
customization.
    If the best available information indicates that continuing 
implementation of a general permit program is inconsistent with the 
preservation of bald eagles or golden eagles, the Service may suspend 
the general permit program temporarily or indefinitely. This suspension 
may apply to all or part of general-permit authorizations. Consistent 
with 50 CFR part 21 and part 22 permitting, Tribes or States may choose 
to be more restrictive than Federal regulations. Permittees must comply 
with Tribal and State laws and regulations to be in compliance with 
Federal eagle permits.

Eagle Incidental Take Permits for Wind Energy

    With this rulemaking, the Service seeks to implement efficiencies 
in authorizing incidental take associated with wind energy projects. 
This final rule creates a general permit option for projects in areas 
that are low risk to eagles. We also revise the specific permit process 
to provide clarity to applicants and ensure processing is efficient and 
consistent with the preservation standard. With broader participation 
in permitting, the Service anticipates increased benefits to eagle 
populations as more projects implement avoidance, minimization, and 
mitigation measures.
    The Service uses a combination of eagle relative abundance and 
proximity to eagle nests as eligibility criteria for wind energy 
general permits. The Service uses the Cornell Status and Trends 
definition of relative abundance and relative abundance products 
(Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, available at: https://science.ebird.org/en/status-and-trends). Relative abundance values 
determined for a project must be based on these publicly available 
Status and Trends relative abundance products for bald eagles and 
golden eagles. To help project proponents quickly determine eagle 
relative abundance, the Service will maintain an online mapping tool 
(https://arcg.is/CKLKy1).
    For first-time applicants, general-permit eligibility is based on 
eagle relative abundance and proximity to eagle nests at the time of 
application. All turbines must be located in an area with eagle 
relative abundance less than the threshold identified by regulation 
(Sec.  22.250(c)(1)(ii) for both bald eagles and golden eagles). All 
turbines, including the space occupied by blades or other turbine 
infrastructure, must also be located at least 2 miles from a golden 
eagle nest and at least 660 feet from a bald eagle nest (Sec.  
22.250(c)(1)(i)). Project proponents are expected to survey for eagle 
nests with due diligence and in accordance with any Service guidance 
for nest surveys.
    The Service considered allowing general permit applicants to select 
authorization for just one species. By requiring both species, the 
Service is able to reduce administration costs and keep the general 
permit process simple. Both species are widely distributed and co-occur 
in most States. The Service recognizes that the risk to each species is 
not uniform, and we factored in the relative risk to each species into 
the relative abundance criteria, the nest buffers, and the compensatory 
mitigation requirements.
    The Service added an eligibility criterion for wind energy projects 
that are renewing a general permit (Sec.  22.250(c)). A general 
permittee remains eligible to renew their permit, even if the Service 
revises eagle relative abundance thresholds or eagles construct a nest 
within the species-specific setback distances, as long as the project 
remains in compliance with all other general permit requirements. This 
includes provisions regarding the discovery of eagle remains or injured 
eagles remaining fewer than four eagles of the same species within a 5-
year permit tenure (Sec.  22.210(b)(2)(i)). This eligibility applies to 
the turbines authorized under the original general permit and does not 
apply if there was a lapse in permit coverage or if any turbines are 
added to the project. It does apply if the turbines change ownership. 
If a project adds turbines, the new turbines must meet the 
qualifications for a first-time general permit (Sec.  22.250(c)(1)) 
when renewing a general permit for a project. If there is a lapse in 
coverage, the project must qualify for a first-time general permit 
(Sec.  22.250(c)(1)) and may then renew (Sec.  22.250(c)(2)), if 
eligible, or apply for a specific permit.
    The Service acknowledges that existing wind projects have less 
ability to adapt to the location-based nature of the general permit 
eligibility criteria (as defined in Sec.  22.250(b)). After extensive 
review, the Service could not identify general permit eligibility 
criteria with which a project could self-certify that did not add 
extensive complexity or uncertainty. However, the Service retained the 
proposed eligibility criterion that any existing project that does not 
meet general permit eligibility criteria can submit an application for 
a specific permit (Sec.  22.200(b)) and request a letter of 
authorization to obtain a general permit (Sec.  22.250(c)). The Service 
will review all information provided in the application, including any 
site-specific, pre- or post-construction data. The Service will issue a 
letter of authorization to apply for a general permit if we determine 
that the take rates at the existing project are likely to be consistent 
with or lower than eagle take rates expected at similar-sized wind 
facilities that qualify for general permits. If an applicant receives a 
letter of authorization, we may refund the specific-permit application 
fee, but to cover the cost of review, we will not refund the 
administration fee. The letter of authorization may require additional 
avoidance, minimization, or compensatory mitigation requirements if 
appropriate (for example, when needed to ensure consistency with 
general permit take rates).
    The Service estimates that more than 80 percent of existing land-
based wind turbines in the lower 48 States may be eligible for general 
permits. Wind projects in Alaska, Hawaii, island territories, and the 
offshore environment should apply for a specific permit if 
authorization for eagle incidental take is sought. Authorization for 
incidental take due to power line infrastructure is not included under 
a general permit for wind. The Service expects wind projects to avoid 
risk to eagles by ensuring

[[Page 9923]]

power line infrastructure is avian-safe, either by design or use of 
covers. In the rare circumstance associated power line infrastructure 
poses an electrocution or collision risk to eagles, authorization under 
the power line regulation is most appropriate. Specific permits are 
available for wind projects that do not meet general permit eligibility 
criteria or request the customization of a specific permit. We have 
created multiple tiers within specific permits: Tier 1, Tier 2, and 
Tier 2 with reimbursable agreement. Changes to the fee structure 
associated with these tiers are described in the Changes to the Fees 
section below. Tier 1 specific permits are for low-complexity wind 
project applications (1) that can comply with general permit conditions 
or require only minor modifications, (2) where fatality estimates can 
be calculated with site-specific data collected to Service standards 
and submitted using the Service's information reporting template or 
where the applicant agrees to use the Service's generalized fatality 
estimation process (i.e., using the nationwide specific permit priors) 
for specific permits, (3) that agree to use a Service-approved 
conservation bank or in-lieu fee program to complete required 
compensatory mitigation, and (4) where the Service's decision can be 
categorically excluded under NEPA. The Service anticipates expediting 
Tier 1 specific permit application processing.
    Tier 2 specific permits are for moderately complex applications 
that (1) need modifications to general-permit conditions, including 
negotiated compensatory-mitigation requirements or (2) for which 
fatality estimation requires more evaluation of site-specific data, or 
(3) negotiation of other requirements. For the highest complexity 
applications, such as applications that require more extensive permit-
condition negotiations, cannot be categorically excluded from 
additional procedural requirements of NEPA, or other unique 
circumstances, the Service will charge the Tier 2 fee and require 
applicants, including government agencies, to enter into a reimbursable 
agreement with the Service to offset additional Service costs 
associated with this added complexity and review time in excess of 275 
hours.
    The Service will no longer specify an authorized number of eagles 
that may be incidentally killed or injured on the face of general or 
specific permits. Permits will authorize the incidental take of eagles. 
This means that permittees will not be considered out of compliance for 
exceeding an authorized level of eagle take. General permittees, 
however, must remain in compliance with the discovered eagle 
provisions, which are different from estimated eagle take. However, to 
ensure consistency with our preservation standard, we will estimate the 
number of eagles taken for internal tracking and calculating 
compensatory mitigation requirements. The Service will track estimated 
take that has been authorized for bald eagles and golden eagles within 
each eagle management unit (EMU) and local area population (LAP). We 
will use the best-available information and tools in making these 
calculations, including compiling information on discovered eagle 
remains and injured eagles, applying statistical modeling to estimate 
eagle take that has been authorized under permits, and comparing 
estimated take and provided compensatory mitigation with EMU take 
limits and LAP thresholds.
    The Service received numerous comments regarding the Service-led 
monitoring in the proposed rule. The Service reexamined the potential 
of using operations and maintenance staff to conduct concurrent 
monitoring instead. Ultimately, we decided to reduce the requirement 
for general permits to concurrent monitoring because that will still 
provide the information the Service requires while resulting in a 
substantial cost savings to the regulated community compared to the 
proposed Service-led monitoring. The Service intends to publish 
monitoring standards for specific permits that will be designed to 
maximize flexibility to the regulated community so permittees can 
select the best fatality monitoring method for their project, while 
still giving the Service the information needed to ensure we are 
authorizing take consistent with our preservation standard. Monitoring 
must be conducted in accordance with permit conditions and, if 
available, Service guidance. The Service may use administration fees to 
validate concurrent monitoring methods and analyze concurrent 
monitoring data. Under specific permits, additional monitoring may be 
included in the permit conditions, such as for permittees wanting to 
reduce mitigation requirements by implementing experimental technology 
or post-construction monitoring. The Service will require only third-
party monitoring when warranted (e.g., addressing compliance concerns 
or applying controversial approaches).
    Compensatory mitigation is required for general permits. General 
permits must obtain eagle credits from a Service-approved conservation 
bank or in-lieu fee program based on the hazardous volume of the 
project (Sec.  22.250(f)(7)(ii)). An eagle credit is the amount of 
compensatory mitigation needed to offset the take of an eagle. Service-
approved in-lieu fee programs and conservation banks will be authorized 
for particular EMUs, consistent with the methodology approved by the 
Service. However, the Service will retain the right to direct funds 
from an EMU-scale to an LAP-scale, if the Service identifies concerns 
with a particular LAP.
    Compensatory mitigation is also required for specific permits for 
wind energy. Applicants must include their expected method of 
compensatory mitigation in the permit application (Sec.  
22.250(f)(7)(i)). The Service will derive the amount of compensatory 
mitigation required using a project-specific fatality estimate, based 
upon either site-specific data that meets the Service's data collection 
standards or the Service's generalized fatality estimation process 
(i.e., using the nationwide specific permit priors). These priors are 
probability distributions, created using information from a range of 
projects under Service review and others described with sufficient 
detail in Whitfield (2009), that describe exposure and collision 
probability in the Service's collision risk model before any site-
specific information is taken into account. All compensatory mitigation 
for golden eagles must be performed at a 1.2:1 (mitigation:take) ratio. 
The Service expects Tier 1 specific permits to use a Service-approved 
conservation bank or in-lieu fee program to meet mitigation 
requirements. Tier 2 specific permit applications may use a Service-
approved conservation bank or in-lieu fee program or submit a plan to 
the Service for implementing compensatory mitigation consistent with 
Sec.  22.200 and Service-wide mitigation policies. To ensure 
consistency with the preservation standard, wind energy projects that 
are eligible for general permits but choose to obtain a specific permit 
will be required to meet or exceed the general permit mitigation 
requirements. Compensatory mitigation is not required for wind turbine 
infrastructure that is considered baseline. Baseline, as described in 
the 2016 PEIS, refers to infrastructure that existed and was operating 
in its current configuration and size prior to September 11, 2009.
    The Service retains the maximum 30-year tenure for specific permits 
for wind projects. This tenure is appropriate given the amount of time 
that wind energy projects typically operate on the landscape. Specific 
permits may be requested and authorized for any duration (in 1-year 
increments) up to 30

[[Page 9924]]

years. General permits for wind projects are valid for 5 years from the 
date of registration. Upon expiration of general permits, project 
applicants may reapply and obtain a new 5-year general permit. General 
permits for eagle take cannot be amended during each 5-year term.
    For both general and specific permits, the Service will continue 
requiring implementation of all practicable avoidance and minimization 
measures to reduce the likelihood of take. These conditions would 
likely include reducing eagle attractants at a site (e.g., minimizing 
prey populations or perch locations), minimizing human-caused food 
sources at a site (e.g., roadkill, livestock), and implementing 
adaptive-management plans that modify facility operations at a site if 
certain circumstances occur, such as when a certain number of eagle 
mortalities are detected. General permit conditions will be 
nonnegotiable and fixed for the term of the permit. Renewed general 
permits will have the most current version of general permit 
conditions. Specific permit conditions will use the general permit 
conditions as a foundation but may be modified or added to as 
appropriate. The appropriate fee tier will be charged based on the 
amount of negotiation and modification required.
    Permittees must train relevant employees to look for, recognize, 
and report eagle take as part of their regular duties. Permit 
conditions will specify a minimum frequency required (e.g., once every 
3 months) and require that trained employees visually scan for injured 
eagles and eagle remains while in the vicinity of project 
infrastructure. Permit conditions will direct disposal (e.g., shipped 
to National Eagle Repository) and reporting (e.g., summary emailed to 
the Service) requirements and timelines.
    When three or four eagles of one species are discovered within the 
general permit tenure, we require additional conditions. If three 
eagles of one species are found, the permittee must notify the Service 
and implement an adaptive management plan. If a fourth eagle of that 
same species is found, these steps must be repeated, and the project 
would no longer qualify for future general permits. The discovered-
eagles provision aids in identifying the rare project eligible for a 
general permit but experiencing more take than other projects covered 
by general permits. By requiring notification from projects operating 
under general permits if three and four eagles are found, we ensure 
that the overall take authorized by the general-permit program remains 
within the range we predict and is appropriately offset to the degree 
necessary for the preservation of each eagle species. It is important 
to note that found eagle remains at any project represent only the 
minimum number of eagles that may have been killed by a project. 
Depending on the probability of detection, which is determined by 
factors like site topography and vegetation, the number of eagles 
actually taken may be close to the number of eagles found, or the 
number actually taken could be substantially higher.
    We will allow time for project proponents to adjust to these 
amended regulations. Project proponents who have submitted a permit 
application will have 6 months from the publication date of the final 
rule to choose whether to have their application reviewed and 
administered under all the provisions of the prior regulations, as 
amended in 2016, or all the provisions of the current regulations. Any 
application fees paid prior to the publication date of the final rule 
may be used to pay for application and administration fees required 
under the new regulations. However, the Service will not refund any 
application fees paid prior to the publication date of the final rule 
because the Service will have already undergone substantial processing 
of the application. Project proponents who hold a permit under the 2016 
regulations may continue under that permit's conditions until the 
permit expires. Permittees that want to modify existing permits to 
comply with current regulations may contact their permitting office to 
determine if a substantive amendment request or a new application is 
most appropriate.

Eagle Incidental Take Permits for Power Lines

    Power line entities have expressed interest in obtaining 
authorization for eagle incidental take caused by powerline 
infrastructure; however, a number of barriers have limited 
participation in permitting. We create a general permit option for 
power line entities that can comply with standardized conditions. We 
also revise the specific permit process to provide as an option for 
power line entities that require more customization. The Service 
anticipates increased benefits to eagle populations as more power line 
entities obtain permits and implement required avoidance, minimization, 
and mitigation measures.
    All power line entities are eligible for general permits. The 
Service recommends a general permit for any power line entity that can 
comply with standardized general permit conditions. Specific permits 
are available for power line entities that seek customized permit 
conditions. We have created multiple tiers within specific permits: 
Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 2 with reimbursable agreement. Tier 1 specific 
permits are for low-complexity applications that require minor 
modifications to the general-permit conditions and where the Service's 
decision can be categorically excluded under NEPA. The Service 
anticipates expediting Tier 1 application processing. Tier 2 specific 
permits are for moderately complex applications that can be 
categorically excluded from additional NEPA procedural requirements and 
need unique or substantive modifications to the general-permit 
conditions, such as negotiated compensatory mitigation requirements. In 
the rare circumstance a power line application exceeds 275 hours in 
review time, the Service will charge the Tier 2 fee and require 
applicants, including government agencies, to enter into a reimbursable 
agreement with the Service to offset additional Service costs 
associated with this added complexity and increased review time 
exceeding 275 hours. Exceeding 275 hours is expected only in rare 
cases; for example, if the Service's decision cannot be categorically 
excluded under NEPA or permit conditions require extensive 
negotiations.
    The Service will not specify a number of eagles authorized on the 
face of general or specific permits. However, the Service will use 
annual reports submitted by permittees to estimate the number of eagles 
taken for internal tracking and to ensure consistency with our 
preservation standard. We will use the best-available information and 
tools in making these calculations. The monitoring required for general 
permits and most specific permits will be limited to concurrent 
monitoring by operations and maintenance personnel while onsite. 
Monitoring must be conducted in accordance with permit conditions and, 
if available, Service guidance. The Service may use administration fees 
to validate concurrent monitoring methods and analyze concurrent 
monitoring data. Specific permits may require concurrent monitoring or 
additional monitoring.
    For both general and specific permits, the Service will require 
implementation of all practicable avoidance and minimization measures 
to reduce the likelihood of take. To aid in assessing what measures are 
practicable to implement, the Service will refer to the Avian Power 
Line Interaction Committee (APLIC) suggested practices, including 
Suggested Practices for Avian Protection on Power Lines: The State of 
the Art in 2006 and Reducing Avian Collisions with Power Lines: The 
State

[[Page 9925]]

of the Art in 2012, as well as updated versions or new suggested 
practice documents, as they become available. General permits for power 
line entities include the conditions listed in Sec.  22.260(d). 
Specific permit conditions will use the general permit conditions as a 
foundation but may be modified or added to as appropriate. The 
appropriate fee tier will be charged based on the amount of negotiation 
and modification required.
    As part of general-permit conditions, the Service requires power 
line entities to develop four strategies: collision response, proactive 
retrofit, reactive retrofit, and shooting response, as defined in Sec.  
22.260(b). The Service encourages power line entities with an Avian 
Protection Plan (APP) to incorporate these strategies into the APP. 
However, power line entities may choose to include these four 
strategies as part of an APP or as stand-alone strategies.
    Collision response strategy describes the process to identify 
collision-caused mortality events, evaluate factors, and implement 
risk-reduction strategies (see Sec.  22.260(b) and (d)). The Service 
expects risk-reduction strategies to be commensurate with future 
collision risk. For example, an entity would implement all practicable 
risk-reduction strategies for a power-line segment with repeat 
mortality events in a high-risk location but for power-line segments 
with rare or no known collision events, no action or continued 
monitoring may be appropriate.
    Proactive retrofit strategy describes how existing infrastructure 
will be converted to avian-safe (as defined in Sec.  22.260(b)) within 
a set timeline (see Sec.  22.260(b) and (d)). Investor-owned utilities 
must have a 50-year proactive retrofit strategy to convert poles in 
high-risk eagle areas to avian-safe; therefore, 10 percent of poles in 
high-risk eagle areas must be converted during each general-permit 5-
year tenure (Sec.  22.260(d)(2)(i)). High-risk eagle areas occur where 
eagles are likely to be present and interact with power line 
infrastructure. Conversely, low-risk eagle areas occur where eagles are 
not present or unlikely to interact with power line infrastructure, 
such as urban areas. Applicants will be responsible for the assessment 
of high-risk eagle areas, based on this standard. Other utilities 
(publicly owned or cooperative) must have a 75-year proactive retrofit 
strategy to convert poles in high-risk eagle areas to avian-safe; 
therefore, 7 percent of poles in high-risk eagle areas must be 
converted during each permit tenure (Sec.  22.260(d)(2)(ii)). The 
Service uses the U.S. Energy Information Administration definitions for 
investor-owned, publicly owned, and cooperative utilities. The Service 
recognizes that this strategy may take more time than the other 
strategies to develop. As a condition of the general permit, general 
permittees that do not already have a proactive retrofit strategy will 
have 3 years from the effective date of this final rule to develop one.
    Reactive retrofit strategy describes how infrastructure will be 
retrofit to avian-safe in response to an eagle electrocution or death 
(see Sec.  22.260(b) and Sec.  22.260(d)). A total of 13 poles or a 
half-mile segment of line must be retrofit. The typical pole selection 
is the pole that caused the electrocution and six poles in each 
direction. However, if retrofitting other poles in the circuit provides 
more benefit to eagles, those poles may be retrofitted by prioritizing 
the highest risk poles closest to the electrocution event. Poles 
outside of the circuit that caused the electrocution may be counted 
towards this retrofit requirement only if all poles in the circuit are 
already avian-safe. Converting poles to buried line is an avian-safe 
retrofit.
    To implement the above strategies, power line entities evaluate the 
electrocution or collision incident within 90 days and implement a 
response within 1 year of the incident. If extenuating circumstances 
occur in implementing the strategies, such as catastrophic weather, 
extensive fire, or other event that substantively disrupts power 
delivery, the power line entity must do the following: (1) Document and 
maintain records of the relevant circumstances, including why 
circumstances are extenuating and the plan to implement the delayed 
retrofits or collision reduction measures. (2) If implementation of 
delayed retrofits or collision reduction measures will extend past the 
expiration of the current general permit tenure and the permittee wants 
to renew the general permit, notify the Service at least 180 days prior 
to permit expiration. (3) If the general permit is renewed, any delayed 
retrofits or collision reduction measures must be implemented during 
the renewed general permit tenure. Otherwise, the permittee is no 
longer eligible for a general permit; however, the permittee may apply 
for a specific permit.
    Shooting response strategy describes the process the permittee 
follows when eagles are found killed or injured near power line 
infrastructure to identify if shooting is suspected, communicate with 
law enforcement, and identify and implement appropriate shooting-
reduction strategies (see Sec.  22.260(b) and Sec.  22.260(d)). Power 
line entities are not responsible for law enforcement of nor liable for 
shooting events. At a minimum, power line entities must immediately 
contact the Service's Office of Law Enforcement if an eagle is found 
killed or injured near power line infrastructure and shooting is 
suspected. Where there are repeated shooting events, the power line 
entity should develop other strategies, including coordinating with the 
relevant land-management agency if the death or injury occurs on 
government property. The Service is working with APLIC and others to 
develop resources and suggested practices. It is generally assumed that 
eagle remains or injured eagles discovered in the vicinity of power 
line infrastructure are taken by that power line infrastructure, unless 
necropsy or other information proves otherwise.
    In addition to the above strategies, power line entities must also 
consider eagles in siting and design for new construction and rebuild 
projects and ensure that all poles constructed in high-risk areas are 
avian-safe, as practicable. This provision is not required if it would 
impact human health and safety, require overly burdensome engineering, 
or have significant adverse effects on biological, cultural, or 
historical resources. Permittees must also train onsite personnel to 
scan for and appropriately report discovered eagle remains. Under 
specific permits, additional monitoring may be required.
    Compensatory mitigation is required for both general permits and 
specific permits. General permits must implement a proactive retrofit 
strategy (Sec.  22.260(d)(3)). Compensatory mitigation for specific 
permits will be determined for each application and included in permit 
conditions (Sec.  22.260(e)(2)). The Service will track take that has 
been authorized for bald eagles and golden eagles within each eagle 
management unit (EMU) and local area population (LAP).
    General permits for power line entities are valid for 5 years from 
the date of registration. Upon expiration of a general permit, a 
project applicant may reapply and obtain a new 5-year general permit. 
General permits cannot be amended during each 5-year term. The Service 
retains a maximum tenure of 30 years for specific permits for power 
line entities. The 30-year tenure is appropriate given the extended 
time power line infrastructure is expected to operate on the landscape. 
Specific permits may be requested and authorized for any duration (in 
1-year increments) up to 30 years.

[[Page 9926]]

Eagle Disturbance Take Permits

    More than two-thirds of the eagle-take permits the Service 
currently issues are for incidental disturbance by activities conducted 
near bald eagle nests. Incidental take by disturbance is different from 
incidental take resulting in injury or mortality. To reduce complexity 
and improve clarity, this final rule creates a new stand-alone 
regulatory section for the incidental take of bald eagles or golden 
eagles by disturbance (Sec.  22.280). This regulation revises portions 
of the previous disturbance-take regulation (50 CFR 22.80). The Service 
retains the existing definition of ``disturb'' (50 CFR 22.6) and 
clarifies further what does and does not constitute disturbance take 
(Sec.  22.280(b)).
    The Service creates general permits for eagle incidental take by 
disturbance in Sec.  22.280. The Service uses the standardized approach 
to permitting based on the 2007 Activity-Specific Guidelines of the 
National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines (hereinafter the 
``Guidelines''). Between publication of the Guidelines in 2007 and 
nationwide eagle-population surveys in 2018, we estimate that bald 
eagle populations have quadrupled in the Lower 48 United States (USFWS. 
2021. Final Report: Bald Eagle Population Size: 2020 Update. December 
2020. Division of Migratory Bird Management, Washington DC U.S.A.). 
This includes growth into environments that are developed or in the 
process of being developed, increasing the demand for permits for eagle 
disturbance. By creating general permits, the Service will better align 
the conservation value gained from permitting with ensuring the 
preservation of eagles. We estimate about 85 percent of projects that 
cause disturbance will qualify for general permits.
    General permits are available for the disturbance of bald eagles 
when the disturbance will be a result of one or more of the following 
activities: building construction, linear infrastructure construction 
and maintenance, alteration of shorelines and water bodies, alteration 
of vegetation, motorized recreation, nonmotorized recreation, aircraft 
operation, prescribed burn operations, and loud intermittent noises. 
General permits cover conducting the activity, as well as pre-
construction work, including geotechnical work. The Service did not 
include prescribed-burn operations in the proposed rule because, at the 
time, we considered such activities part of alteration of vegetation. 
However, after considering public comment on the issue and to ensure 
clarity for the regulated community, we included prescribed burning as 
a potential disturbance activity in the final regulation. Prescribed 
burning includes the footprint of the burn as well as where biproducts 
of the burn will be present, such as smoke, ash, or embers. Specific 
permits are available for disturbance to bald eagles from activities 
that are not eligible for general permits and any activity that may 
result in disturbance to golden eagles.
    The Service specifies distances in the regulation within which 
these activities may cause disturbance. Activities occurring farther 
than the distances specified below do not require a permit because they 
are unlikely to cause disturbance. Regularly occurring activities that 
occur within these distances and pre-date an eagle pair's selection of 
a given nest site are assumed tolerated by the eagles, unlikely to 
cause disturbance, and do not require a permit.
    Tribes communicated concern about the issuance of general permits 
for nest disturbance and nest take on lands of Tribal interest. In 
response, the Service has restricted eligibility, and general permits 
are not available for nest disturbance or nest take for nest structures 
located in Indian country, as defined in 18 U.S.C. 1151. The Service 
considers the case-by-case review of specific permits appropriate for 
nests located in Indian country. This restriction does not apply when 
the Tribal government is the applicant for the permit on their own 
land.
    Hazing--the use of nonlethal methods to disperse eagles away from a 
site--does not constitute eagle disturbance unless it is adjacent to an 
in-use nest and disrupts eagle breeding activity. The intent of hazing 
is to deter eagle depredation (e.g., substantial injury to wildlife or 
agriculture) or reduce threats to human or eagle health and safety by 
temporarily displacing individual eagles from a location. We currently 
recommend nest buffers of 660 feet for bald eagles and 1 mile for 
golden eagles.
    The Service also considers activities that are conducted adjacent 
to a communal roost or foraging area do not constitute eagle 
disturbance and do not require a permit. ``Communal roost site'' and 
``foraging area'' are defined by regulation (50 CFR 22.6). Removal of a 
foraging area has greater potential to cause disturbance; therefore, we 
further clarify here that activities that completely prevent the use of 
a foraging area may cause disturbance. A proponent of a project likely 
to fully prevent the use of a foraging area should apply for a specific 
permit, particularly if the activity will remove all foraging 
opportunities within 1 mile of an in-use nest.
    The Service will require monitoring eagles under general and 
specific disturbance-take permits. Monitoring will typically consist of 
collecting information sufficient to determine whether nestlings have 
fledged from the nest. Specific permits for disturbance may require 
monitoring as long as necessary to determine any impacts to the eagles 
for which take is authorized, including up to 3 years after permit 
tenure. The Service does not require compensatory mitigation for 
general permits. Compensatory mitigation may be required for specific 
permits to ensure the preservation of eagles. For example, any 
disturbance take of golden eagles that is not part of the Service's 
previously established 2009 baseline or disturbance take of bald eagles 
that exceeds the LAP authorized-take threshold and is otherwise 
unsustainable requires implementation of compensatory mitigation. 
Monitoring, and if required, compensatory-mitigation outcomes must be 
reported annually.
    For both specific and general disturbance permits, we will require 
that applicants provide the coordinates of the nest(s) for which they 
are requesting disturbance authorization. Precise location information 
is necessary for both the Service staff who conduct eagle-population 
management and law enforcement. For disturbance take, we retain a 5-
year tenure for specific permits and implement a 1-year tenure for 
general permits. These permits are renewable in the rare circumstance 
that an activity is likely to cause disturbance to eagles over a long 
period of time. In the rare event that the Service's decision to issue 
a disturbance specific permit cannot be categorically excluded under 
NEPA, a reimbursable agreement may be used to cover costs associated 
with the preparation of an environmental analysis and compliance with 
the procedural requirements of NEPA.
    For both specific and general permits, we require permit conditions 
that include implementation of measures to avoid and minimize, to the 
extent practicable, the risk that authorized activities may disturb 
eagles. To determine practicability, the Service will consider eagle-
population status, the known efficacy of the measure, and the potential 
burden on the permittee. For specific permits, applicants will have the 
opportunity to provide input into these permit conditions. General-
permit conditions will be standardized by activity type based on 
effective

[[Page 9927]]

techniques that have been consistently and successfully used in 
specific permits for the past 10 years or more.
    The Service uses this rulemaking to clarify that the regulations 
for disturbance take of eagles will be used to authorize the incidental 
take of eagle nests. Incidental take of nests caused by activities 
includes actions that agitate or bother eagles to a degree that 
interferes with normal breeding and sheltering behavior. For example, 
prescribed burns may result in the disturbance of breeding eagles 
through smoke exposure and may disrupt breeding activity by 
unintentionally taking nests when a fire moves unexpectedly across 
break lines or into tree canopies. Authorization is provided only for 
incidental take of nests that occurs after application of all 
practicable avoidance and minimization measures. Incidental take 
authorization does not include take caused by lack of due diligence or 
negligence; for example, failure to identify nest locations prior to 
conducting an activity.
    To date, incidental take of nests has been a rare issue and, 
therefore, is currently most appropriately addressed under specific 
permits. However, the Service will regularly review this issue with 
other implementation decisions. Applicants requesting incidental take 
of nests must demonstrate that incidental nest take cannot be 
practicably avoided. The Service does not anticipate authorizing the 
incidental take of nests for development activities. In the Service's 
experience, developers have sufficient knowledge of the landscape and 
control of their activity to make incidental nest take practicably 
avoidable during development.

Eagle Nest Take Permits

    The Service has revised the regulations for eagle nest take (Sec.  
22.300). This final rule creates a general permit for the take of bald 
eagle nests in certain circumstances. We retain specific permits for 
the take of any golden eagle nest as well as for the take of bald eagle 
nests that is not eligible for a general permit. We also clarify that 
relocation or obstruction of a nest constitutes nest take.
    We retain the four justifications for authorizing eagle nest take, 
which are emergency, health and safety, removal from human-engineered 
structures, and other purposes. We also add protection of species on 
the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (Sec.  17.11) as a 
purpose for eagle nest take. General permits are limited to bald eagle 
nest take for the purposes of emergencies, protection of health and 
safety, and protection of human-engineered structures. In Alaska only, 
bald eagle nests may also be taken for other purposes. After more than 
10 years of issuing permits to remove bald eagle nests, the Service has 
developed standard permit conditions that can be applied to authorizing 
the take of bald eagle nests using general permits for these purposes.
    We will continue to require specific permits for any take of golden 
eagle nests because these situations have unique conditions that 
require site-specific permitting and because of the population status 
of golden eagles. We will also continue to require a specific permit 
for take of bald eagle nests under the ``other purposes'' in the lower 
48 States because the Service must ensure that those permits provide a 
net benefit to eagles. The net-benefit determination depends on the 
circumstances of the purpose requiring nest take. In Alaska, general 
permits are appropriate because the Service has already developed and 
implemented standard conditions there and Alaska has a robust bald 
eagle population.
    In this rulemaking, the Service adds a fifth justification for 
authorizing the take of eagle nests when necessary for the protection 
of species on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (Sec.  
17.11) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 
1531-1544). This activity would require a specific permit issued only 
to a Federal, State, or Tribal agency responsible for implementing 
actions for the protection of the species of concern. With expanding 
bald eagle populations, the Service anticipates an increase in 
situations where bald eagle management may be a necessary part of 
implementing recovery plans.
    The Service will not require monitoring for general permits. After 
more than a decade of annual monitoring reports, we expect a 1-year 
permit tenure to better capture the necessary information to meet the 
preservation standard than requiring monitoring. In addition, a 1-year 
permit term without required monitoring is less burdensome to the 
applicant. Specific permits may require monitoring--for example, a 
permittee may need to monitor the area near where a nest was removed 
for one or more seasons to determine whether the affected eagles 
relocate and successfully fledge young. To be conservative, we will 
assume that each nest take authorized by the general permit will result 
in a loss of breeding productivity for one breeding season. We may 
change this practice in the future if data warrants a change in our 
assumption.
    The Service will not require compensatory mitigation for nest-take 
general permits, unless it is for other purposes in Alaska where 
compensatory mitigation is required to achieve the associated net 
benefit. General permits for nest take are limited to bald eagle nests 
in situations that are typically hazardous to eagles or where eagles 
benefit from resolving the situation requiring the permit. Compensatory 
mitigation is also not generally warranted for nest-take general 
permits because of the improving population status of bald eagles. 
Compensatory mitigation may be required for specific permits. In 
determining compensatory mitigation, the Service will consider the 
purpose for the nest take, whether nest take reduces risk to eagles, 
and the population status of the species. A specific-permit applicant 
may meet this requirement by obtaining the Service-approved number of 
eagle credits from a Service-approved conservation bank or in-lieu fee 
program. The applicant may also propose other types of compensatory 
mitigation for Service approval.
    For both specific and general nest take permits, we will require 
that applicants provide the coordinates of the nest(s) for which they 
are requesting take authorization. Precise location information is 
necessary for both the Service staff who conduct eagle-population 
management and law enforcement. The permit application may also require 
supporting documentation for certain types of requests (for example, an 
arborist report in the case of hazard-tree removal).
    For nest take, we retain the 5-year limit for specific permits and 
implement a 1-year limit for general permits. These permits are 
renewable. The Service considered providing for a longer general-permit 
tenure; however, doing so would require that the Service require 
further monitoring from all general permittees that was inconsistent 
with the purpose of general permits. We have crafted these reduced 
tenure and permit-per-nest requirements to better ensure general 
permits for nest take are compatible with the preservation of eagles.
    Permit conditions will include the applicable regional-breeding-
season start date. Additionally, the general permit will authorize the 
removal of a specific nest. General permits may authorize bald eagle 
nest removal from the nesting substrate at the location requested and 
the location of any subsequent nesting attempts by the eagle pair 
within one-half mile of the location requested for the duration of the 
permit if the subsequent nest re-

[[Page 9928]]

creates the emergency, safety, or functional hazard of the original 
nest. Take of an additional eagle nest more than one-half mile away 
requires an additional permit.

Changes to Definitions and Procedures

    As part of this rulemaking, we have narrowed the definition of 
``eagle nest'' to exclude nest structures on failed nesting substrate. 
Previously, we defined ``eagle nest'' to mean any assemblage of 
materials built, maintained, or used by bald eagles or golden eagles 
for the purpose of reproduction. We have added a qualification that it 
must be possible for eagles to reuse the nesting substrate for breeding 
purposes. Nesting substrate that, due to natural circumstances, is no 
longer and will never again be available to eagles for functional use 
will no longer meet the regulatory definition of an eagle nest. This 
definition of ``eagle nest'' does not allow for modification of 
alternate (unused) nest substrate to a degree that prevents future 
breeding activity. These activities will continue to constitute nest 
take.
    We revise this definition to address uncommon but occasional 
instances in which eagle nests or nesting substrate are impacted by 
weather or other natural factors to such a degree that they become 
permanently unusable to eagles for reproductive purposes. For example, 
if a nest tree falls and the bald eagle nest retains its structure, the 
nest would no longer retain the official designation of an eagle nest 
as the substrate was substantively changed by the nest tree falling. A 
permit is not necessary for individuals and organizations to destroy 
and remove materials that formerly held the designation of an eagle 
nest but no longer meet the definition. However, individuals and 
organizations may not collect these materials nor possess them beyond 
what is necessary to dispose of the nest. Eggs, feathers, and other 
eagle parts are often naturally incorporated into nests with time. The 
Eagle Act prohibits possession, transportation, and sale of these 
items, either individually or in their incorporated state with former 
nesting materials, without Federal authorization.
    We also have revised the definition of ``in-use nest'' to clarify 
that the eggs referred to in the definition of in-use nest must be 
viable. As with our revision of the definition for ``eagle nest,'' this 
change ensures that our definition is more relevant to what is 
biologically important to eagles. Nonviable eggs may persist in a nest 
or even become incorporated into a nest's structure. However, by their 
nature, these eggs will not hatch. Under previous definitions, 
permittees have been prevented from removing what is otherwise an 
alternate nest because of the presence of nonviable eggs outside of 
breeding season. In implementing the revised definition, the Service 
presumes that eggs are viable unless the applicant provides evidence to 
document otherwise (e.g., absence of adults for several days, presence 
of eggs out of breeding season).
    For clarity, we add a definition of ``general permit'' to 50 CFR 
part 22 to distinguish general permits from the definition of 
``permit'' in 50 CFR 10.12. We interpret the statutory language 
requiring a permit to be procured from the Service for take of bald 
eagles for any purpose to include general permits set forth in this 
document as well as the more typical individual or specific permits 
(see 16 U.S.C. 668a).
    We clarify in the regulation pertaining to illegal activities (50 
CFR 22.12) that obtaining an eagle permit of any type for a continuing 
activity does not in and of itself resolve take that occurred before 
issuance of the permit. This provision is currently in Sec.  
22.80(e)(8) but applies to all of the regulations in part 22 and is 
therefore better located in Sec.  22.12. We also have updated the 
definition of ``eagle management unit'' and include a definition of 
``incidental take'' to improve transparency to the public and general-
permit applicants.
    Along with this final rule, the Service will also implement the 
three following changes to our implementation of incidental-take 
permits for eagles. We will apply the baseline take for golden eagles 
established in the 2009 EA nationwide. Currently, baseline take for 
golden eagles is limited to only west of the 100th meridian. In the 
2016 PEIS, the Service conservatively assumed that all authorized take 
of golden eagles east of the 100th meridian should require compensatory 
mitigation regardless of whether the authorized take was occurring 
prior to September 11, 2009, and was considered part of the baseline. 
However, recent information on the population status of golden eagles 
in the Eastern United States demonstrates that this conservative 
restriction is not necessary to ensure that take of golden eagles is 
compatible with the preservation standard, so we are eliminating this 
unnecessary restriction.
    We will also update the number of bald eagles debited from EMU take 
limits and LAP thresholds when authorizing nest disturbance, based on 
new information. Before this change, the Service assumed a loss of 
productivity equivalent to 1.33 bald eagles per year for each 
authorized nest disturbance in the United States, except in the 
Southwest, where we assumed a loss of 0.95 bald eagles per year. Based 
on recent Service analysis of new information, we will update the 
nationwide debit from 1.33 to a value of 0.26 bald eagles per year. 
However, because of low sample sizes in our analysis, we are not 
updating the debit in the Southwest, which will remain at 0.95 bald 
eagles per year.
    Finally, we will remove the 10 percent threshold for unauthorized 
mortality in a local area population (LAP) that was introduced with the 
2016 rulemaking. We have since concluded that georeferenced data on 
unauthorized eagle mortalities are sparse and biased, making meaningful 
evaluation and application of unauthorized take at the LAP scale 
difficult or impossible.

Changes to Fees

    The Service charges application fees to cover the costs of 
administering regulations and permits. This includes paying for staff 
to: provide technical assistance and guide applicants through the 
permitting process, review application information, assess the 
biological impact and environmental effects of the proposed activity, 
and evaluate whether the applicant meets eligibility and issuance 
criteria. For specific permits, these actions are primarily conducted 
before permit issuance. For general permits, these actions will be 
conducted as part of an auditing process to ensure applicants are 
correctly interpreting eligibility criteria and complying with permit 
conditions and requirements. Fees are also used to pay for developing 
and maintaining an online permit-registration system and database.
    General-permit fees include an administration fee. In response to 
public comments, the Service adjusted the administration fee to reflect 
the elimination of the proposed Service-led monitoring. Instead, the 
administration fee will be used to maintain and ground-truth the permit 
program to ensure it is compatible with the preservation of eagles, 
including to: (1) better understand eagle population dynamics, 
including the risk to eagles from authorized activities; (2) better 
understand mitigation outcomes, including researching and validating 
avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation measures; (3) 
address and improve various components of the eagle permitting program, 
including gathering and analyzing demographic data, GPS tagging and 
tracking eagles for programmatic monitoring, and researching and 
validating monitoring

[[Page 9929]]

measures. Some portion of the administration fees may also be used, as 
necessary, to fund Service staff time to manage and implement the 
general permit administration fees. Specific-permit fees also include 
an administration fee. We will use the administration fee for specific 
permits for the same purpose as application fees--to fund staff for the 
administration of specific permits, including environmental review and 
support of the online permit system and database.
    The permit fee and administration fee must be paid at the time of 
application. We consider permit renewals to be permit applications for 
fee purposes. General permits cannot be amended. However, specific 
permits may be amended during their tenure. There are three types of 
amendments. Administrative amendments are administrative changes, 
including name and address information. Consistent with Sec.  
13.11(d)(5), there is no fee charged for administrative amendments. 
Substantive amendments are those that pertain to the purpose and 
conditions of the permit. Consistent with Sec.  13.11(d)(5), we will 
charge an amendment fee. The Service will charge an amendment fee and 
an administration fee for permittee-requested substantive amendments 
that require new analysis, such as modifications that result in re-
estimating take, re-evaluating compensatory mitigation requirements, or 
requiring additional environmental review to comply with procedural 
requirements under NEPA (Sec.  22.200(e)).
    For general permits, the Service adopts a scaled administration-fee 
structure to accommodate different sizes of projects. For power lines, 
general-permit administration fees are separated into Tier 1 for non-
investor-owned and Tier 2 for investor-owned. The Service uses the U.S. 
Energy Information Administration's definition of investor-owned 
utilities as ``large electric distributors that issue stock owned by 
shareholders'' (https://www.eia.gov/). For wind energy, general-permit 
administration fees are separated into Tier 1 for distributed and 
community wind projects and Tier 2 for utility wind projects. We use 
the Service's Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines definition of these 
terms (https://www.fws.gov). The Service may revise the interpretation 
of these terms in future rulemakings.
    The Service retains the existing tiers of commercial and 
noncommercial for disturbance and nest-take permits. Applications are 
commercial, unless (1) an individual applies using section A of the 
application form for activities on that individual's privately owned 
property for individual purposes, or (2) a government or not-for-profit 
entity applies for take associated with public property using section B 
of the application form and includes documentation demonstrating its 
qualifying status (e.g., documentation that the entity is a government 
agency or that the entity is a current, recognized nonprofit 
organization by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as described in 
section 501(c)(3)).
    For specific permits, the Service estimates a wide range of 
potential permit costs. Costs would vary based on factors like the 
complexity of the application or the required environmental review. To 
accommodate this wide range, the Service includes a tiered fee 
structure in Sec.  13.11(d) and describes criteria for each tier in 
Sec.  22.200(c)(2)(vii) and below. For incidental take, the Service 
will charge a Tier 1 application fee when specific-permit conditions 
require negligible modification from the standardized general-permit 
conditions, including the use of a Service-approved in-lieu fee program 
or conservation bank for compensatory mitigation. Tier 1 permits would 
require Service staff to review and evaluate the application and 
coordinate internally prior to permit issuance. We do not anticipate 
requiring additional environmental compliance review under NEPA for 
Tier 1 specific permits beyond documenting that the action is within 
the scope of the existing 2016 PEIS and the 2023 EA issued with this 
rulemaking. For wind energy or other applications that require a 
fatality estimate, Service estimation of expected take must require 
minimal data manipulation; for example, the applicant collects site-
specific data according to Service standards or adopts the Service's 
generalized fatality estimate (i.e., using the nationwide specific 
permit priors).
    The Service will assess a Tier 2 fee for specific permits of 
moderate to high complexity that cannot or do not wish to meet the 
requirements for Tier 1. Because Tier 2 applications are more complex, 
more staff hours, including higher graded staff, are required to review 
application information, assess biological impacts and environmental 
effects of the proposed activity, and determine whether the application 
meets eligibility and issuance criteria. These projects may include 
more complex technical assistance, coordination with other programs or 
agencies, and documenting NEPA compliance. We estimate the amount of 
staff time to complete these tasks for moderately complex projects will 
be 250 to 275 hours per permit based on processing times for similarly 
complex permits issued by the Service.
    We retain the provision in Sec.  13.11(d)(2) that allows an 
applicant to request, and the Service to support, issuance of one 
consolidated permit when more than one type of permit is required for 
an activity and those permits are issued by the same office. When the 
Service supports consolidation, a single specific permit may authorize 
multiple activities, for example power lines with nest take or wind 
energy with power lines. The Service will develop guidance for 
consolidating permits. Because of the automated nature of general 
permits that have avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation 
requirements developed for each activity, a project proponent would 
have to obtain the relevant individual general permits. Therefore, 
consolidating general permits is not allowed.
    The Service expects specific-permit applicants to diligently pursue 
obtaining a permit after applying. We will consider a permit 
application abandoned or withdrawn if an applicant does not respond to 
requests for information or engage in good-faith negotiations. Once we 
consider an application abandoned or withdrawn, the applicant must 
submit a new application, including fees, to obtain take coverage for 
the activity.
    Once effective, under this final rule the Service will not charge 
an application fee to government entities, consistent with other 
permits issued in accordance with Sec.  13.11(d)(3); the Service will 
charge an administration fee to any Federal, Tribal, State, or local 
government agency for permits issued under part 22 subpart E. The 
Service may also require government agencies to enter into a 
reimbursable agreement. This fee is necessary to ensure the permitting 
program remains consistent with the preservation of eagles.

Administrative Changes

    The Service has made the following administrative changes to the 
organizational structure of our eagle-take-authorization regulations to 
improve clarity. To reduce confusion, we redesignate the current 
subpart C ``Specific Eagle Permit Provisions'' as ``Eagle Possession 
Permit Provisions.'' We create a new subpart E pertaining to ``Take of 
Eagles for Other Interests.'' This subpart now houses regulations that 
authorize permits for the taking of eagles for the protection of other 
interests in any particular locality.
    We redesignate regulations for permits to take golden eagle nests 
for

[[Page 9930]]

resource development and recovery operations from Sec.  22.75 to 
subpart E, at Sec.  22.325. We update the section heading as ``Golden 
eagle nest take for resource recovery operations'' to clarify that this 
regulation applies to resource development or recovery operations as 
authorized by 16 U.S.C. 668a. The purpose of this regulation is to 
authorize the removal of golden eagle nests that are physically in the 
way of resource recovery operations, such as on the cliff wall of a 
mine. We do not change the regulatory requirements that any take 
authorized must be compatible with the preservation of eagles (newly 
designated Sec.  22.325(c)) and cannot be reasonably avoided (newly 
designated Sec.  22.325(c)(1)). The take of nests in proximity to 
resource development and recovery operations to minimize the risk of 
disturbance, injury, or mortality to eagles is authorized under Sec.  
22.300. We also redesignate the current regulations at Sec.  22.90 
pertaining to permits for bald eagle take exempted under the Endangered 
Species Act to Sec.  22.400 in subpart E.

Sequencing of General Permits Registration Availability

    To implement the general permits authorized under this rulemaking, 
the Service is developing an online general-permit registration system. 
After the effective date of this regulation, April 12, 2024, the 
Service will implement the general permit registration system in stages 
to ensure the technology is working appropriately. General permit 
registration for incidental take of eagles by wind energy projects and 
by power lines is anticipated to be available starting on May 6, 2024. 
General permit registration for disturbance of eagles and take of eagle 
nests is anticipated to be available starting on July 8, 2024. In the 
event these availability dates change, the Service will provide updated 
dates on https://www.fws.gov/regulations/eagle and the ePermits website 
https://epermits.fws.gov. Those interested in applying for a wind 
energy or power line general permit between the effective date of the 
rule and the availability of the registration system may apply by: (1) 
completing application form 3-200-71, including sections B-D and the 
general permit questions in section E and (2) emailing the complete, 
signed form to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#cfa2a6a8bdaebba0bdb6ada6bdabbfaabda2a6bbbc8fa9b8bce1a8a0b9"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="bbd6d2dcc9dacfd4c9c2d9d2c9dfcbdec9d6d2cfc8fbddccc895dcd4cd">[email protected]</span></a>. The Service will reply to 
the email with the general permit conditions. Entities must comply with 
and are authorized by the general permit conditions until the 
registration system is available. Once available, entities will have 10 
business days to register for a general permit using the registration 
system, including paying fees. Failure to register, once available, 
voids the prior coverage granted through the above process.
    For those interested in applying for disturbance or nest take 
permits, the Service will continue to use specific permits for the 
remainder of the 2024 nesting season. For activities starting on or 
after September 1, 2024, general permits registration is expected to be 
available. However, in the event it is not, the procedure described in 
the paragraph above will be used starting July 8th until the 
registration system is available.

Compliance With the Endangered Species Act

    The general permits addressed in the regulations may not be used 
for an activity if implementing the requirements of the general permit 
may affect ESA-listed species or species proposed for listing or 
designated or proposed critical habitat (e.g., burying a cable to avoid 
impacts to eagles would result in effects to an ESA-listed snake or 
plant). In those cases, the proponent should apply for a specific 
permit and, if appropriate, the Service will conduct an intra-service 
section 7 consultation on its issuance of the eagle incidental take 
permit. That said, since eagle incidental take permits would authorize 
only the incidental take of eagles and not the underlying activity, 
except as it relates to implementing the conditions of the permit, the 
Service's issuance of an eagle incidental take permit would not serve 
as a nexus for ESA section 7 purposes for the underlying activity.

Response to Public Comments

    The Service received 203 unique letters, which contained 1,649 
individual substantive comments, on the proposed rule. The following 
sections contain a summary of the substantive public comments we 
received on the proposed rule and our responses. Topics are listed in 
alphabetical order. Where appropriate, we explain why we did or did not 
incorporate the changes suggested by the commenters into this final 
rule. Due to the high number of comments, this summary presents major 
themes occurring throughout the comments. Not included are the many 
comments providing general support for provisions of the rulemaking. 
Likewise, we do not include summaries of any comments providing general 
opposition, unless they contain suggestions for improvement. We also do 
not respond to comments that we considered to be outside the scope of 
this rulemaking.

Audits

    Issue. Commenters requested more information regarding the proposed 
audit program, including details about the auditing process, required 
documentation, and expectations for audited entities. Some comments 
expressed concerns with the estimated annual percentage of audited 
projects, with many indicating a desire for more projects to be audited 
annually.
    Response. We are developing internal auditing procedures and 
external answers to frequently asked questions on audits. Limited 
desktop audits and onsite inspections will be conducted to determine if 
a project meets eligibility criteria and whether the permittee is 
complying with the regulations and permit conditions. In general, 
Service staff will conduct an audit following similar procedures to how 
staff currently review a permit application and administer permits. 
Audits may include reviewing application materials for completeness and 
general-permit eligibility. We will verify required reports were 
submitted and review the reports. Any required records, plans, or other 
documents will be requested of the permittee and reviewed. If there is 
a compliance concern, the applicant will be given the opportunity to 
submit additional information to address the concern. If, during an 
audit, the Service determines that the permittee is not eligible for a 
general permit or is out of compliance with general permit conditions, 
we will communicate to the permittee options for coming into 
compliance.
    The Service has estimated the number of audits that can be 
conducted each year based on the expected average time to conduct an 
audit and the fee money available to fund staff to conduct audits. 
Staff will conduct as many audits as possible with the available funds. 
There are many uncertainties right now as to how much staff time is 
needed to conduct an audit. We estimate approximately 1 percent of 
general permits will be audited each year. If we find general 
permittees are providing complete information, audits may go quickly 
and more projects can be audited. We will regularly assess the cost-
per-audit and the percentage of projects audited to adjust the fee 
structure accordingly.

Avoidance and Minimization Measures

    Issue. Several commenters expressed concern with a lack of 
specificity in the regulation regarding avoidance and minimization 
measures.
    Response. The role of regulation is to establish performance 
standards,

[[Page 9931]]

whereas the role of permit conditions is to provide specificity on how 
those performance standards may be met by each permittee. Overly 
prescriptive regulations are difficult to keep current and can limit 
innovation. Instead, we will provide permit conditions and other 
documents to communicate the Service's recommendations on how to meet 
regulatory requirements. Avoidance and minimization requirements for 
general permits are based on the most commonly applied and effective 
measures learned by the Service from more than a decade of permitting. 
Eligibility criteria and the performance standards established in the 
regulation conditions can be revised through rulemaking. As information 
and technology change, the Service may update our recommendations and 
expectations on how eligibility criteria and conditions may be met.
    Issue. Some commenters expressed the desire to see permit 
conditions that incorporate the use of experimental or emerging 
technology to avoid and minimize incidental take by wind energy 
projects, including Identiflight Bird Detection System, painting one 
turbine blade black, or seasonal restrictions on wind turbine 
operation.
    Response. The Service supports science and technology that 
increases safe eagle passage through wind energy facilities. There is 
no restriction on permittees implementing these technologies, which can 
be used to meet the performance standards of the regulation. However, 
the efficacy of these technologies and the details surrounding their 
implementation have not been sufficiently studied to warrant 
prescriptive requirements in these regulations at this time. The 
Service continues to stay abreast of scientific developments and may 
include these types of technologies in future rulemakings if evidence 
demonstrates their effectiveness. Specific permit applicants may 
request that the Service consider the permittee's use of emerging 
technologies when the Service estimates fatality.
    Issue. We received requests to include perch discouragers as a 
standard avoidance and minimization measure for power line poles.
    Response. We did not require perch discouragers as a minimization 
measure for power line general permits because the effectiveness is 
situation dependent. We encourage the use of perch deterrents where 
they may be effective. However, APLIC has moved away from broad 
implementation of perch discouragers because devices installed to 
prevent perching may provide a substrate to secure nest material, and, 
in some cases, may increase electrocution risk (APLIC 2023). Prather 
and Messmer (2010) tested several types of perch discouragers and found 
no difference in perching on poles with or without discouragers. 
However, we support the use of perch discouragers in situations where 
it is the best or only option for reducing electrocution of eagles.
    Issue. Multiple commenters requested that we create ``no go zones'' 
or similar restrictions prohibiting the installation of wind turbines 
in the most important areas for eagles.
    Response. The Service did not create ``no go zones'' because doing 
so is outside the scope of the Eagle Act. The Service's authority under 
the Eagle Act allows the regulation of incidental take of bald eagles 
and golden eagles. Our regulatory authority does not extend beyond that 
mandate to prohibit the installation of wind turbines or other 
infrastructure. The Eagle Act ensures the preservation of our two eagle 
species by protecting the survival and breeding productivity of 
individual birds but does not directly mandate protection of eagle 
habitat. Consequently, the Eagle Act does not give the Service 
authority to prohibit certain types of land use, including development. 
Instead, it allows us to influence certain types of land use to reduce 
the risk of take of bald eagles and golden eagles, including 
disturbance of breeding eagles, and to require avoidance, minimization, 
and compensatory mitigation from individuals and entities unable to 
avoid taking these species. These features of our regulatory process 
are common to both existing regulations and these new regulations.

Climate Change

    Issue. The Service received comments regarding the implications of 
climate change for this rulemaking and the inclusion of climate change 
in the EA.
    Response. The Service recognizes the threats that climate change 
poses to eagles as well as other wildlife. The Service supports all 
actions that address climate change, including renewable energy 
development. The Service believes that this rule will help facilitate 
the development of renewable energy projects by revising the current 
permitting approach for eagle incidental take. The permit framework 
developed for renewable projects creates clear expectations for 
projects to achieve compliance, in some cases with no direct 
interaction with the Service (e.g., general permits). The Service is 
balancing the need for regulatory certainty, eagle preservation, and 
the need for renewable energy development to combat climate change. 
While we intend the changes to the eagle-permit regulations to 
encourage more projects to apply for a permit, we expect that this 
rulemaking will have no impact on the number of future renewable energy 
projects on the landscape and, thus, no impact on the trajectory of 
climate change.

Compensatory Mitigation

    Issue. The Service received numerous comments related to 
compensatory mitigation requirements, including advocating for 
different methods to achieve these requirements, including lead 
abatement, carcass removal from roads, and habitat enhancement.
    Response. The Service is actively working on reviewing and 
approving other forms of mitigation and encourages potential mitigation 
providers to submit their proposals. As part of this rule, we created a 
new regulation specific to compensatory mitigation to more clearly 
signal requirements to the public. Quantifying the benefits of various 
compensatory mitigation measures and developing standards for their 
application in permitting is complex. To date, the Service has 
authorized power pole retrofits and lead abatement as compensatory 
mitigation measures. The Service is actively developing other 
compensatory mitigation methods, such as roadside carcass removal, that 
will decrease eagle mortality or increase eagle productivity. The 
Service encourages interested mitigation providers to contact the 
Service with ideas on compensatory mitigation methods. The Service 
agrees that it is important to develop compensatory mitigation methods 
that offset different sources of mortality and have a wider range of 
mitigation providers across the country. We will continue to engage 
stakeholders and develop additional guidance and standards for 
approving mitigation providers. This will include gathering information 
to address mitigation measure effectiveness and uncertainty and 
establishing appropriate assurances for the durability of mitigation 
measures.
    Issue. Some commenters expressed concerns with scaling compensatory 
mitigation at the Eagle-Management-Unit (EMU) level rather than the 
local-area-population (LAP) level.
    Response. The final rule retains the requirement to site 
compensatory mitigation within the same EMU where the take is 
authorized. Authorized take may affect individual eagles that are both 
resident and migratory. Banding records have demonstrated eagle 
movements within EMUs beyond individual LAPs. Thus, requiring that

[[Page 9932]]

compensatory mitigation occur at small scales (e.g., the LAP scale) may 
be limiting the benefits of compensatory mitigation unnecessarily and 
doing so at an inappropriate ecological scale. Additionally, limiting 
compensatory mitigation options to the LAP scale is currently not 
practicable until there are sufficient mitigation providers capable of 
supporting every LAP. When compensatory mitigation is required by the 
Service to address an LAP concern, the regulation prioritizes 
implementing compensatory mitigation in the LAP where the impacts 
occurred.
    Issue. Several commenters expressed concerns with requiring 
compensatory mitigation for bald eagles and indicated this requirement 
is not necessary to meet the preservation standard.
    Response. The general-permit compensatory mitigation requirement 
includes a small portion for bald eagles. This is necessary to ensure 
that the general-permit program is consistent with the preservation 
standard established by the Eagle Act and implementing regulations. 
General permits do not provide for the project-specific review prior to 
issuance; therefore, possible LAP effects must be addressed after 
issuance. One tool is to require a small amount of compensatory 
mitigation from general permittees that the Service can direct to areas 
where LAP thresholds are at risk of being exceeded. The rate of this 
extra compensatory mitigation is based on bald eagle take predictions, 
but the mitigation amounts provided can be used for either species of 
eagle. If an applicant does not want to pay this extra mitigation cost, 
which the Service expects to be relatively small for each project, the 
applicant may apply for a specific permit where project-specific review 
would determine mitigation requirements.
    Issue. Several commenters proposed a conservation fund or 
conservation fee in addition to any required compensatory mitigation.
    Response. The Service has numerous authorities that allow it to 
charge an entity permit fees and enter into reimbursable agreements. 
Funds collected through permit fees and reimbursable agreements are 
used to defer the cost of administering the permit program, including, 
but not limited to, salary and other staff-related costs and costs to 
ensure that issuance of permits is compatible with the preservation of 
eagles. Based on suggestions provided in public comments and as 
consistent with the use of collected fees, the Service will use these 
fees to fund analysis to: (1) better understand eagle population 
dynamics, including the risk to eagles from authorized activities; (2) 
better understand mitigation outcomes, including researching and 
validating avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation 
measures; and (3) address and improve various components of the eagle 
permitting program, including gathering and analyzing demographic data, 
GPS tagging and tracking eagles for programmatic monitoring, and 
researching and validating monitoring measures. The Service does not 
have express statutory authority under the Eagle Act to require 
contribution into a conservation fund beyond these purposes, nor the 
specific authority to direct such funds if they were collected.

Changes to Fees

    Issue. Multiple commenters suggested that the fees for general 
permits were too high and would disincentivize smaller entities from 
participating.
    Response. In the final rule, the Service has adopted a scaled fee 
approach for both general permits and specific permits. For power 
lines, general-permit administration fees are separated into Tier 1 for 
non-investor-owned utilities and Tier 2 for investor-owned utilities 
(using U.S. Energy Information Administration definitions). For wind 
energy, general-permit administration fees are separated into Tier 1 
distributed and community scale and Tier 2 utility scale, using the 
Service's Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines definitions. For specific 
permits, the Service created a tiered fee structure for wind energy and 
power line projects consisting of three tiers: Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 
2 with reimbursable agreement, where a Tier 1 fee is charged for 
standard applications and a Tier 2 fee is charged for complex 
applications. A reimbursable agreement will be used when processing 
time exceeds 275 staff hours. The Service retains the current non-
commercial and commercial tiering for disturbance and nest take 
permits.

Coordination With States

    Issue. Several commenters stressed the need for the Service to 
coordinate with other Federal and State agencies on the issuance of 
general and specific permits.
    Response. The Service values coordination with Tribal, State, and 
Federal partners, and we intend to continue to coordinate and share 
information about permits issued. For general permits, we will 
regularly be compiling and distributing information on general permits 
issued. We have updated the regulation to reflect what information will 
be made readily available to partners and the public. For specific 
permits, the Service will continue to consult States, Tribes, and other 
Federal agencies as part of our normal permitting procedures. In 
addition, Department of the Interior disclosure policies (68 FR 52610, 
Sept. 4, 2003) under the Privacy Act also provide for routine 
disclosures to Federal, Tribal, State, local, or foreign agencies, 
including to exchange information on permits granted or denied, to 
ensure compliance with all applicable permitting requirements and 
obtain advice relevant to approving or denying a permit.
    Issue. Some commenters expressed concern about the locations of 
eagle nests being shared with the public, while others stated that some 
States are prohibited from disclosing nest locations and that the 
Service should not require that information on permit applications.
    Response. The Service requires precise location information on nest 
locations to properly analyze effects to eagles, including LAP effects, 
as well as for law enforcement purposes. The Service will take all 
available measures to protect eagles and their nest locations. The 
Service will continue to coordinate with State wildlife agencies on 
these matters.
    Issue. We received comments that expressed concerns with the take 
of eagles in States where either the bald eagle, golden eagle, or both 
are listed as threatened or endangered at the State level. These 
comments requested that the Service provide details regarding 
coordination with the States with respect to the distribution of 
authorized take across individual EMUs, as well as in relation to the 
quantification of LAP thresholds.
    Response. Federal issuance of a permit does not supersede Tribal or 
State protections of a species. Tribes, States, and other Federal 
agencies are not required to authorize incidental take of bald eagles 
or golden eagles, even if a permittee has obtained a Service general or 
specific permit. It is the responsibility of the permittee to ensure 
they are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. To 
support the protection of local populations in this rulemaking, the 
Service has retained the existing preservation standard that requires 
the Service to determine that permits we issue are consistent with 
eagle preservation at the EMU and LAP scales. Under general permits, 
the Service will not analyze cumulative take at the LAP scale prior to 
general permit issuance. However, the Service will

[[Page 9933]]

review general permits issued and analyze cumulative take at the LAP 
scale if an area of concern is identified. States are encouraged to 
review the Service's issued permits and submit any information to the 
Service that might assist with assessing impacts to LAPs. If the 
Service is concerned about the status of any LAP, we can either (a) 
direct compensatory mitigation to areas of concern, or (b) suspend the 
general-permit program in whole or in part.

Definitions

    Issue. The Service received comments on the definition of ``in-use 
nest,'' particularly regarding determining egg viability and nests that 
are considered under construction.
    Response. The purpose of this change is to address the increasing 
frequency of instances of bald eagle nest activity outside of the 
breeding season, including non-viable eggs in nests outside of breeding 
season and nests being maintained outside of breeding season. The 
Service agrees with the expressed difficulty of determining if an egg 
is viable in the field. Eggs should be assumed viable, unless evidence 
proves otherwise. Evidence like the absence of adults for several days 
or presence of eggs out of breeding season should be used to assess the 
likelihood of an egg being viable. We removed the protections for nests 
under construction or under maintenance for bald eagles. The previous 
definitions were part of a conservative approach for the recovering 
bald eagle that is no longer warranted. These changes are appropriate 
and improve consistency between the Eagle Act nest protections with the 
Migratory Bird Treaty Act nest protections.

EA Alternatives

    Issue. The Service should reconsider Alternative 2 in the draft EA.
    Response. The Service did reconsider Alternative 2 and again 
concludes it has a high risk of not meeting our preservation standard 
if implemented. Under Alternative 2, the regulations would be revised 
to include a general permit for land-based wind energy facilities only, 
with eligibility based on a project's distance from eagle nests and 
compensatory mitigation requirements in the form of a flat, per-project 
fee for mitigation. Adopting Alternative 2 is problematic because 
neither the Service nor project proponents know where all eagle nests 
on the landscape are located. This lack of data reduces our ability to 
reliably determine whether a specific wind project is eligible for a 
general permit. This situation also adds uncertainty for projects as 
well as to any assessment the Service might perform. Considering this, 
we expect Alternative 2 would come with the highest risk of 
inconsistency with our preservation standard compared to the other 
alternatives.
    The Service concludes that the general-permit program described 
under Alternatives 3 and 4 will best accomplish the dual goals of 
increasing participation and increasing conservation for eagles, where 
more than 80 percent of existing turbines on the landscape are eligible 
for general permits (and the associated benefits of those general 
permits) and where paths to a streamlined issuance of specific permits 
are described.
    The Service also concludes that Alternative 2's flat fee for 
mitigation and monitoring may disincentivize smaller projects (e.g., 
tens of turbines) from applying for take permits compared to larger 
projects (e.g., hundreds of turbines). The Service estimates that an 
average wind project qualifying for a general permit will pay $312,000 
in compensatory mitigation under Alternative 2. This is nearly ten 
times the estimated compensatory mitigation cost of $37,200 for 
Alternatives 3 and 4. Although industry trends may be toward new 
construction of larger facilities and consolidated ownership, wind 
energy facilities are long lived (usually 30 years or more). Older 
facilities will continue to operate and must be considered when 
estimating participation in eagle incidental-take permitting and when 
considering financial impacts to permittees under Alternative 2 
(Section 5.4.5.1 of the Environmental Assessment). Although risk to 
eagles from small facilities that are eligible for general permits may 
be relatively low, under Alternative 2, those businesses would be more 
susceptible to future enforcement actions and associated enforcement 
costs in the event of an eagle take if they remain unpermitted due to 
the relatively high cost of flat fees.

EA Economic Analysis

    Issue. The Service received several comments on our estimated 
mitigation costs, with some commenters suggesting our estimates were 
too high while others suggested they were too low.
    Response. Because compensatory mitigation is provided either by the 
permittee or a third party, costs can vary widely. We acknowledge that 
the costs estimated for compensatory mitigation under all alternatives 
in the FEA are estimates and are likely to vary, perhaps substantially, 
across all permitted projects based on the mitigation method selected, 
the in-lieu fee program or conservation bank selected, and other 
details. These details are difficult to account for in an economic 
analysis, but we considered them as accurately as possible based on 
current data and our estimated projections. In the FEA, the Service 
estimates compensatory mitigation for an average wind energy general 
permit to be $37,200. These estimates are based solely on estimates of 
compensatory-mitigation costs using power pole retrofits, which are the 
only cost estimates the Service currently has available.
    Issue. The Service received comments specifically on our cost 
estimates for retrofitting power poles under the power line regulation.
    Response. We updated the FEA to reflect our assumption that the 
proactive retrofit requirements associated with this rule are not 
expected to result in additional costs to power line entities. As 
stated in section 5.6.5 of the FEA, the Service assumes that power line 
entities most likely to apply for a permit are entities that have a 
risk of taking eagles and are already retrofitting power poles, thus 
already meeting this requirement.

Eligibility--Wind Energy General Permit

    Issue. Many commenters expressed concerns with the general-permit 
eligibility for wind energy, specifically regarding the distance from 
bald eagle nests.
    Response. The Service acknowledges the uncertainty that is created 
if bald eagles initiate nesting near a project with a wind energy 
general permit. Therefore, we revised eligibility criteria (Sec.  
22.250(c)) to provide that a general permittee remains eligible to 
renew their permit, even if the Service revises eagle relative 
abundance thresholds or eagles construct nests within the species-
specific setback distances, as long as the project does not discover 
the remains of four eagles of the same species within a 5-year permit 
tenure.
    Issue. Multiple comments requested that the Service create a 
general permit option for existing wind energy projects (as defined in 
Sec.  22.250(b)) occurring within the specific permit zone.
    Response. The Service acknowledges the unique challenges of 
existing projects being subject to new regulations. However, after 
extensive review, the Service could not identify a set of general-
permit eligibility criteria that a project could self-certify without 
adding extensive complexity or uncertainty. Therefore, the Service 
retained and clarified the eligibility criterion that any existing 
project that does not meet general permit eligibility criteria can 
apply for a specific permit (Sec.  22.200(b)(7) while requesting a 
letter

[[Page 9934]]

of authorization to obtain a general permit (Sec.  22.250(c)).
    The Service will review all information provided in the 
application, including any site-specific, pre-construction or post-
construction data. If we determine that the take rates at the existing 
project are likely to be consistent with or lower than eagle take rates 
expected at similar-sized wind facilities that qualify for general 
permits, the Service will issue a letter of authorization to register 
for a general permit. If an applicant receives a letter of 
authorization, we may refund the specific permit application fee, but 
to cover the cost of review, we will not refund the administration fee. 
The letter of authorization may require additional avoidance, 
minimization, or compensatory mitigation requirements as needed to 
ensure consistency with general permit take rates. The Service 
anticipates expediting the processing of these applications.
    Issue. Commenters suggested that the Service should allow the use 
of site-specific data to determine eligibility for general permits.
    Response. The Service recognizes the value in site-specific data. 
However, the purpose of general permits is to apply an efficient and 
streamlined approach for issuing permits to projects that the Service 
can pre-determine pose relatively low risk to eagles. It is not 
currently possible to evaluate site-specific data in an automated 
manner, which is necessary for general permits. Applicants that prefer 
to use site-specific data may apply for a specific permit and request 
review for inclusion in the general-permit program as described in a 
previous comment response.
    Issue. Commenters suggested that existing projects should still 
qualify for a general permit even if some of the project's turbines are 
within the specific permit zone.
    Response. The Service reviewed at length the possibility of 
automatically allowing general-permit eligibility for projects that 
overlap the boundaries between specific and general permit zones. This 
deviation from the proposed rule appears simple but comes with an 
increased risk that our general permit program would be inconsistent 
with the preservation standard established by the Eagle Act and 
implementing regulations. The risk is further increased because the 
projects that would be eligible for general permits by partially 
overlapping the general-permit zone would very likely create higher 
risk to eagles than other projects that fully encompass the general-
permit zone. The Service must choose between addressing that risk by 
increasing the mitigation costs for all general permittees or retaining 
that all turbines must be in the general permit zone. Because of how 
substantive the increased mitigation costs were, the Service instead 
provides a mechanism for existing projects to request an eligibility 
determination case-by-case as described in a previous comment response.
    Issue. Comments noted that many existing projects would not qualify 
for a general permit and stated that many of the current deficiencies 
with the specific permit program would still be present under the new 
regulations.
    Response. The Service has developed and will implement a 
streamlined approach to specific permits. One approach we considered 
and adopted in the final rule was the creation of new tiers for 
reviewing specific-permit applications. The purpose of these tiers is 
to separate the specific-permit applications that are able to adopt 
standardized approaches from those which request more extensive review 
and negotiation. Applicants that are willing to accept standard 
specific-permit conditions (and do not require additional NEPA 
analysis) are eligible for a less expensive application fee and faster 
permit-review times.

Eligibility--Relative Abundance Map and Thresholds

    Issue. Comments suggested that the relative abundance maps should 
indicate levels of risk so developers could choose to avoid the highest 
risk areas, or, at a minimum, understand increased mitigation costs 
that might be associated with higher risk areas.
    Response. The map published with the final rule uses eagle relative 
abundance as an index for potential risk. We use relative abundance 
data for eagles because the presence of more eagles in a given area at 
different times of the year results in more interactions between 
turbines and eagles and therefore increased risk of collisions. Thus, 
relative abundance data is an effective proxy for determining the risk 
of eagle take in a particular location. Although there are only two 
levels of risk depicted in this map, it does highlight areas that the 
Service has deemed to have relatively high or relatively uncertain risk 
to eagles. It is our intent that this map will be used by developers 
when siting wind-related infrastructure. As additional data become 
available, we will continue to refine our ``risk maps.''
    Issue. The Service received numerous comments regarding the use of 
eBird Status and Trends relative abundance products to create the 
relative abundance map. Some commenters expressed concern that use of 
eBird data would underestimate eagle abundance in areas inaccessible to 
birders.
    Response. The Service recognized that data products from the 
Cornell Lab of Ornithology using eBird data is new to many. It is 
important to distinguish that the data products the Service is using 
are distinct from raw eBird data. We consider the products from the 
Cornell Lab of Ornithology to be currently the best available science 
for developing a nationwide approach to permitting. We recognize and 
acknowledge the uncertainties that are included with this method, such 
as areas where raw eBird data has limited reporting. However, the 
Cornell Lab of Ornithology eBird Status and Trends relative abundance 
products use machine learning to fill in these gaps based on the 
models' ability to relate the eBird observations to environmental 
predictors derived from global remote sensing data. For example, 
reliability of species distribution model predictions can be increased 
for unsampled locations and times by relating environmental predictors 
to observed occurrences or abundances. This approach allows us to 
predict abundance in places that may not be frequented as often (or at 
all) by eBird users.
    Issue. Several comments suggested we use information from other 
datasets (e.g., migration counts, telemetry studies, roost registries, 
USGS breeding bird survey, Audubon Christmas Bird Count, and the 
Midwinter Bald Eagle Survey) to supplement and improve maps either in 
addition to or as part of the eBird models.
    Response. The Service agrees that the best information should be 
used to determine eagle relative abundance. To implement general 
permits, the Service must regulate at the national scale, which is why 
this regulation relies on data products from the Cornell Lab of 
Ornithology. The Service intends to incorporate other data into our 
mapping efforts, as appropriate. However, it will take time to review 
each dataset, including its assumptions and biases, and incorporate 
those data into mapping efforts in a meaningful way and at appropriate 
scales. We welcome additional information and data that could help with 
risk mapping and any investment in data integration efforts.
    Issue. We received comments requesting that the Service further 
stratify relative abundance thresholds according to differences in 
geography (e.g., northern and southern for bald eagles and eastern and 
western for golden eagles).

[[Page 9935]]

    Response. The Service considered further stratification and the 
creation of separate relative abundance criteria for each eagle species 
preceding the public comment period. However, adding additional strata 
would have changed the scale at which the relative abundance is 
evaluated and would have added significant complexity to the general 
permit program for wind energy facilities. Thus, we elected not to 
incorporate these changes.
    The Service will update the map and relative abundance thresholds 
periodically. In the FEA, we suggested every 5 years or different 
intervals if information suggests shorter or longer intervals are more 
appropriate. Between updates, the Service will consider any suggestions 
for better and more effective ways to map relative eagle abundance.

General Permits

    Issue. One commenter indicated that they thought the proposed rule 
placed too much emphasis on general permits. Previously, all eagle take 
was permitted with specific permits.
    Response. This rule emphasizes general permits because that is the 
provision that is being introduced with this rulemaking. The Service 
has retained the specific permit approach and provisions. In this 
rulemaking, the Service has created general permits as an alternative 
approach to obtaining eagle take authorization for projects that meet 
eligibility criteria. The purpose of general permits is to simplify and 
expedite the permitting process for activities for which the Service 
has well-established avoidance and minimization measures and that have 
relatively consistent and low risk to eagles. The regulations are based 
on the well-established avoidance, minimization, and compensatory 
mitigation measures that the Service has been implementing as permit 
conditions for the past 14 years. This approach allows us to 
confidently authorize take consistent with the preservation standard 
established by the Eagle Act and implementing regulations without 
requiring Service review prior to issuance. We will continue to refine 
the general permit approach and incorporate public input on eligibility 
criteria for all general-permit categories included in this rule to 
ensure that general permits effectively simplify and expedite the 
permit process for eligible projects while meeting the preservation 
standard.
    Issue. Many comments recommended that the Service allow project 
proponents to apply for a separate permit for bald and golden eagles, 
as opposed to requiring coverage for both species.
    Response. In reviewing comments, the Service realized we did not 
sufficiently explain in the proposed rule that the mitigation 
requirements are specific to that EMU and proportional to golden eagle 
abundance in the EMU. Commenters expressed concern that projects in the 
East, where golden eagle use of wind projects is seasonal and generally 
relatively low, would be paying to compensate for authorized golden 
eagle take in the West, where golden eagle use of wind projects can be 
relatively high. This is not the case. Projects in the Atlantic and 
Mississippi EMU have a lower golden eagle mitigation rate that is 
commensurate with the generally lower risk of golden eagle take in 
those EMUs. Similarly, projects in the Central and Pacific EMUs will be 
required to pay a higher compensatory mitigation rate for golden 
eagles, commensurate with the generally higher risk of golden eagle 
take there. There is a small amount of additional mitigation required 
in all EMUs, to provide funds if a LAP threshold is exceeded and 
mitigation is necessary for the program to remain consistent with our 
preservation standard. These details are covered in the Final 
Environmental Assessment associated with this rulemaking.
    Between the proposed and final rule, the Service again analyzed the 
possibility of authorizing general permits by species and did not 
select that approach at this time. While seemingly a straightforward 
request, separating the species introduces uncertainty, which increases 
the risk and complexity of general permits. To meet the preservation 
standard, the Service estimates general permit mitigation requirements 
based on enrollment and has no basis for predicting how many projects 
will opt for coverage of one species versus both. The Service would 
effectively need to develop separate general permits for each species, 
including corresponding eligibility thresholds, eligibility maps, 
mitigation costs, and perhaps monitoring standards. In the interest of 
keeping general permits easy to apply for and implement, the Service 
retained the requirement that all general permits authorize take of 
both eagle species. The Service will continue to review this approach 
in future rulemaking.
    To illustrate the mitigation costs that will be required under 
general permits and how they differ across project sizes and across 
EMUs, consider two hypothetical projects: one with 30 and one with 100 
project turbines, all turbines having a 95.7m rotor diameter. Both 
projects are eligible for a general permit and are located in the 
Atlantic/Mississippi EMU (where general permit mitigation rates for 
golden eagles are the lowest). We will also consider those same two 
projects as being eligible for general permits in the Pacific EMU 
(where general permit mitigation rates for golden eagles are the 
highest). The 30-turbine project in the Atlantic/Mississippi EMU would 
be required to mitigate for 0.20 golden eagles and 0.06 additional 
eagles (LAP mitigation), or 0.26 total eagles, every 5 years. That same 
project in the Pacific EMU would be required to mitigate for the take 
of 0.42 golden eagles and 0.06 additional eagles (LAP mitigation), or 
0.48 total eagles, every 5 years. The 100-turbine project in the 
Atlantic/Mississippi EMU would be required to mitigate for 0.66 golden 
eagles and 0.20 additional eagles (LAP mitigation), or 0.86 total 
eagles every 5 years. That same 100-turbine project in the Pacific EMU 
would be required to mitigate for 1.40 golden eagles and 0.20 
additional eagles (LAP mitigation), or 1.60 total eagles every 5 years.
    These two hypothetical projects illustrate the relatively low cost 
of obtaining golden eagle take coverage for projects that are eligible 
for a general permit, and especially the lower cost for smaller 
projects and projects in the East, where golden eagle presence is 
seasonal and they are generally less abundant than in many parts of the 
West. We are hopeful that general permit applicants who think their 
risk to golden eagles is low will view this relatively low mitigation 
cost as worth the price of incidental take authorization for golden 
eagles, in the event such take should occur. If applicants wish to 
receive a permit for only one eagle species, they may apply for a 
specific permit.
    Issue. Several comments expressed concern with regard to potential 
suspension or termination of the general permit program, including a 
suggestion that suspension or termination should be subject to public 
notice and comment prior to finalization.
    Response. The Service recognizes the uncertainty that a potential 
suspension or termination causes. Suspension or termination of general 
permitting is an important aspect to allow the Service to respond 
quickly in the event of sudden changes in eagle populations at the LAP 
or EMU scale; however, it is not a step the Service would take lightly 
and without a notice and comment process.
    Regulations currently allow for the revocation of a permit if ``the 
population(s) of the wildlife or plant that is the subject of the 
permit declines to the extent that continuation of the

[[Page 9936]]

permitted activity would be detrimental to maintenance or recovery of 
the affected population'' (50 CFR 13.28(a)(5)). The Service will 
regularly evaluate whether the authorized take of bald eagles and 
golden eagles under general permits remains compatible with the 
preservation of eagles. If the Service finds that issuance of general 
permits in a particular LAP or EMU is not compatible with the 
preservation of bald eagles or golden eagles, we would first consider 
adding additional precautions to the permitting program through 
rulemaking. Rulemaking requires public review and comment periods. 
However, the Service is preserving, as a last resort, the option of 
suspending general permit issuance locally or nationally after 
publishing a notice in the Federal Register. This notice may include an 
opportunity for the public to comment on next steps. If the Service 
suspends general permitting, take currently authorized under a general 
permit remains authorized until expiration of that permit, unless the 
permittee is notified otherwise.
    Issue. Some commenters asked us to explain how ``low effects'' are 
determined for general permits.
    Response. Public comment indicated that the Service's intent was 
not clear in the usage of the phrase ``low effects.'' We have modified 
the text to instead reference ``low risk.'' General permits simplify 
and expedite the permitting process for activities that have relatively 
consistent and low risk to eagles and well-established avoidance, 
minimization, and compensatory mitigation measures. For wind energy 
facilities, projects that have low risk will be determined by the 
relative abundance of eagles and the proximity of wind turbines to nest 
locations. For other general permits, the Service considers the 
implementation of the well-established avoidance and minimization 
measures to result in those projects being low risk to eagles.

Guidance

    Issue. Several commenters requested more information regarding 
guidance documents that the Service plans to develop.
    Response. The Service is working on internal procedures, external 
outreach, and guidance documents to help the public understand and 
comply with these new regulations. In developing guidance, the Service 
will follow standard Federal guidance practices. All regulatory 
requirements are included in the rule. Guidance documents provide a 
step-down from the rule that explain and clarify the Service's 
expectations on how to meet regulatory requirements.

Monitoring

    Issue. While many commenters were supportive of the removal of 
third-party monitoring, we received comments in support of retaining 
this provision.
    Response. The third-party monitoring requirement has proven 
impracticable or impossible to implement at some projects for a variety 
of factors, including health, safety, liability, and access issues for 
project sites that are leased from multiple private landowners. These 
factors have created a barrier to obtaining a permit. The Service 
reviewed the purpose of third-party monitoring and determined in most 
circumstances it is sufficient to rely on the requirement that the 
permittee must certify that the information submitted is complete and 
accurate to the best of their knowledge and belief, subject to criminal 
penalty for supplying false information. The Service concluded that the 
existing penalties for false reporting under eagle take permits will be 
enough to dissuade most permittees from intentionally providing 
inaccurate reports. We retain the ability to require third-party 
monitoring on a case-by-case basis for specific permits, particularly 
if we have ongoing compliance concerns.
    Issue. Commenters expressed concern over the amount of money the 
Service was proposing to spend on monitoring.
    Response. The Service recognizes the tradeoff between spending 
money on monitoring or on compensatory mitigation. Monitoring can be 
expensive, and it may not be immediately clear how more monitoring 
benefits eagle preservation. The benefit of compensatory mitigation is 
more straightforward. While extensive monitoring has occurred at 
numerous wind projects, it remains difficult to draw programmatic, 
cross-project conclusions. Monitoring in a manner that allows for 
programmatic conclusions is critical to ensure implementing these new 
regulations will be compatible with eagle preservation.
    However, based on public comment, the Service reviewed its proposed 
approach to monitoring. We determined that we can accomplish monitoring 
goals under general permits with concurrent fatality monitoring, which 
will be required under general permits, and without additional 
monitoring performed by or contracted by the Service. In the final 
rule, we require concurrent monitoring conducted according to Service 
protocols by project operations and maintenance staff, which will be 
sufficient to meet the Service's monitoring needs, provided there is 
sufficient participation in wind energy general permitting. We continue 
to require an administration fee, a portion of which will be used to 
validate the concurrent monitoring approach and analyze monitoring 
data.
    Issue. We received comments that expressed concern over the removal 
of the required 5-year check-ins.
    Response. The purpose of 5-year review is to update take estimates 
and related compensatory mitigation for the subsequent 5-year period. 
It also provides the Service with an opportunity to amend the permit to 
reduce or eliminate conservation measures or other permit conditions 
that prove to be ineffective or unnecessary. The purpose of these 
reviews does not change with this rulemaking. However, the 5-year 
requirement has introduced unintended uncertainty which, according to 
public comment, has reduced participation in eagle take permitting 
under the 2016 regulations. It has also resulted in timing issues, 
where post-construction monitoring or other data is available off-cycle 
from the 5-year timing (e.g., year 3 or 4) but cannot be used until the 
scheduled check-in. Instead, check-ins may now be initiated by the 
permittee or the Service in response to events that warrant review, for 
example, updating fatality estimates and associated compensatory 
mitigation requirements or revising permit conditions to reflect the 
best available science.
    Issue. We received comments stating that our current surveys are 
not sufficient to adequately estimate eagle population numbers and that 
mortality data reporting is voluntary and unreliable.
    Response. The Service uses the best available science in ensuring 
that general and specific permits are consistent with the preservation 
of eagles. The Service has conducted aerial surveys for both bald 
eagles and golden eagles relatively recently and consider these survey 
efforts adequate to estimate populations of both species within 
applicable parts of their range. The Service agrees that voluntary 
reporting of mortality data is unreliable. With this rulemaking, the 
Service improves voluntary reporting at wind projects in two ways. 
First, through increasing participation in permitting and prescribing 
the concurrent monitoring protocol all projects use, the Service 
expects improved quantity and quality of eagle fatality data at wind 
projects. Second, through the collection of an administration fee, the 
Service can direct funds as needed to ensure permitting is consistent 
with the preservation standard, including by

[[Page 9937]]

survey populations and by analyzing project-specific mortality data.
    Issue. Commenters felt that monitoring related to disturbance take 
and nest take should not be required, specifically in instances where 
the activity does not directly take eagles, as with communication 
towers.
    Response. Unlike permits that authorize the incidental injury or 
death of eagles, monitoring required under nest take and nest 
disturbance permits is intended to detect breeding outcomes during 
current and subsequent nesting attempts and, if appropriate and 
practical, document if eagles breed again at their original or any new 
nesting location. The loss of breeding productivity constitutes take, 
as it prevents eagles from being added to the population. Monitoring 
requirements allow the Service to more accurately account for 
authorized take against our established species-specific take limits 
and, over time, may allow us to qualify or quantify the effectiveness 
of permit conditions.

Nest Disturbance

    Issue. Comments regarding nest disturbance primarily focused on the 
buffer distances set for general permits, including those for in-use 
and alternate nests, and advocated for distances based on the level of 
tolerance to disturbance.
    Response. By specifying distances in our bald eagle nest 
disturbance general permit, we are not suggesting that all activities 
within these distances must apply for a permit. Rather, we are setting 
a standard that only those activities listed within the final rule 
(Sec.  22.280(b)) within these distances can receive a general permit. 
This standard is intended to prevent project proponents applying for 
unnecessary permits for activities beyond these distances that are 
unlikely to disturb breeding bald eagles. Further, the specific and 
general permits for nest disturbance are not a prerequisite to carrying 
out activities or starting projects. Instead, they cover any 
disturbance that may result as an unintentional consequence of an 
activity. If an individual or entity assesses that their activities are 
unlikely to disturb breeding eagles, they do not need the Service's 
consent or concurrence to proceed, though they may be held liable if 
their activities do ultimately cause disturbance.
    The Service acknowledges the growing body of evidence demonstrating 
that some portions of the bald eagle breeding population demonstrate 
increased tolerance to human activities. Our standards under the nest 
disturbance general permit reflect this consideration. We use the 330- 
and 660-foot distances for bald eagles because we are generally 
unconcerned with activities beyond these ranges, and we discourage 
proponents from applying for permits where best available science 
suggests they are unnecessary. Within those distances, project 
proponents may assess their relative risk to eagles (e.g., whether or 
not a similar activity is or has occurred closer to the nest) and 
determine whether or not to apply for a permit.
    Regarding alternate nests, we agree that, by definition, activities 
at these nests cannot expose breeding eagles to sensory disturbance, as 
the eagles are not present. However, as the National Bald Eagle 
Management Guidelines (2007) note, alterations to the nest site and 
surrounding habitat may discourage eagles from breeding when 
encountered by eagles returning to that nest site. We will continue to 
update the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines as well as develop 
similar guidelines for golden eagles.
    Issue. We received requests for a regulatory authorization for 
State wildlife agencies for land-management activities that may improve 
eagle-nesting habitat, including prescribed fire and mowing.
    Response. The Service acknowledges the usefulness of regulatory 
authorizations; however, we do not consider regulatory authorizations 
an appropriate mechanism to authorize the mortality or injury of bald 
eagles or golden eagles at this time. Most land-management activities, 
such as alteration of shorelines, alteration of vegetation, and 
prescribed burns, are eligible for general permits for eagle 
disturbance take. General permits for disturbance caused by 
agriculture, mining, and oil and gas operations are not available at 
this time. We have received permit requests for these activities 
infrequently, thus we have not yet developed standard avoidance and 
minimization measures. Operators of these and other activities may 
apply for specific permits. As we gain more information on the effects 
of these activities and identify effective avoidance and minimization 
measures, we may in future rulemakings add general-permit regulations 
for these and other activities.
    Issue. Commenters asked whether a single general permit authorizes 
several types of disturbance or whether a separate general permit will 
be needed for each type of disturbance that could occur.
    Response. Consistent with our current approach to permitting, a 
single permit for disturbance of bald eagle nests can authorize 
disturbance of a nest from multiple sources of disturbance of a single 
project or operation. For example, a general permit could authorize 
disturbance from land clearing, external construction, blasting, and 
operations and management activities associated with one project. The 
bald eagle nest disturbance permit is a ``one permit, one nesting 
territory'' system that simplifies our bald eagle population management 
tracking and reduces the amount of monitoring we require from 
permittees.
    Issue. Commenters also expressed the desire for one permit for all 
bald eagle disturbance associated with a given activity for the 5-year 
permit term.
    Response. Allowing coverage for an unspecified number of nests and 
ad hoc accounting of effects would hinder our ability to ensure take is 
consistent with the preservation standard established by the Eagle Act 
and implementing regulations. Individuals or entities that want to 
obtain coverage for disturbance of multiple nesting territories may 
apply for a specific permit.

Nest Take

    Issue. Comments related to nest take centered on the creation of 
general permits and the lack of Service review of those permits.
    Response. General permits are generally limited to three scenarios: 
emergency circumstances, health and human safety concerns, or nests on 
human-engineered structures. These situations, such as wildfire hazard 
and structural failure, often pose risks to both the nest and for 
people. In these situations, it is often imperative that the permit be 
issued as quickly as possible, as doing so often reduces the risk or 
effects to eagles. The Service also has been implementing permits for 
these activities since 2009 and has well-developed permit conditions 
with avoidance and minimization measures. The expedient processing and 
standardized approach make these permits a great fit for general 
permits.
    The Service will review these permits. In reviewing bald eagle nest 
take permits at the program scale, given the current and expected 
number of permits issued and the status of the bald eagle, the Service 
is confident that issuance is consistent with the preservation of the 
bald eagle. We will continue to review nest take at the program scale 
to ensure that general permit issuance is consistent with the 
preservation of bald eagles. The Service will also audit a percentage 
of nest take permits, to ensure that the applicants meet eligibility 
criteria and comply with permit conditions. We will work to

[[Page 9938]]

address any compliance concerns with individual permittees.
    Issue. Some commenters requested that a single general permit for 
nest take authorize the take of multiple nests from a single project or 
across a defined area.
    Response. Issuing one general permit for each nest allows the 
Service to efficiently track take. If the Service allowed coverage for 
an unspecified number of nests, the associated ad-hoc accounting of 
effects would make it much more difficult for the Service to ensure 
authorized take is consist with the preservation standard. Specific 
permits remain available for the take of multiple nests.
    Issue. One commenter stated that the proposed regulation would no 
longer require the Service to make a finding of net benefit to eagles 
for nest take authorized under ``other purposes.'' The commenter 
interpreted the proposed rule to state that compensatory mitigation is 
required only when the take exceeds the limit of the applicable EMU.
    Response. Since 2009, the regulations require the finding of a net 
benefit to eagles for nest take authorized under ``other purposes.'' 
For all nest-take requests outside of Alaska, a specific permit is 
required for the purposes of the Service determining whether a net 
benefit will be achieved by the proposed action, or, if the activity 
does not provide the net benefit, the compensatory mitigation proposal. 
The net benefit to eagles is scaled to the effects of the nest removal. 
The Service did include a general permit for ``other purposes'' in 
Alaska because of the scaled effects of nest removal. In Alaska, well-
established permit conditions provide sufficient avoidance, 
minimization, and compensatory mitigation scaled to the effects of nest 
removal, given the robust population status of the bald eagle and the 
available nesting habitat.
    Issue. Some entities expressed support for the creation of general 
permits for golden eagle nest take.
    Response. The Service did not include but will continue to work to 
develop general permits for golden eagle nest take. The Service has 
issued few golden-eagle nest take permits and therefore does not have 
sufficient, well-established measures to create general conditions for 
golden eagle nest take.
    Issue. One commenter suggested that authorizing the take of eagle 
nests to protect threatened or endangered species should apply only to 
bald eagles due to the golden eagle's population status.
    Response. With expanding bald eagle populations, the Service 
foresees situations arising where the take of an eagle nest may be 
necessary for the recovery of threatened or endangered species. 
However, the Service acknowledges the tradeoffs are more complex with 
golden eagles. Because this is an emerging issue, a specific permit 
must be obtained for this type of activity. The Service added an 
additional precaution in that the Federal, State, or Tribal agency 
responsible for the species of concern must obtain the permit. The 
Service will assess the tradeoffs between the eagle species taken and 
the endangered or threatened species. The Service will consider the 
evidence that eagles are limiting the recovery of a threatened or 
endangered species and analyze whether the eagle nest removal will 
improve recovery for the threatened or endangered species in question. 
The Service will consider if issuing this permit, including required 
avoidance and minimization measures and compensatory mitigation, is 
consistent with our preservation standard at both the LAP and EMU 
scale. Finally, the Service will consider if other methods are feasible 
that have less effect on eagles but will still abate or prevent the 
problem. As a final protection for golden eagles, the Service may 
require compensatory mitigation for the take of golden eagle nests.

Permit Conditions

    Issue. Commenters asked whether the provisions in the new rule 
would apply to entities that currently have long-term incidental take 
permits and entities that applied but have yet to receive a permit.
    Response. Projects that have submitted an application as of 
February 12, 2024, will have until August 12, 2024, to choose whether 
to have their application reviewed and administered under all the 
provisions of the 2016 regulations or all the provisions of these new 
regulations. Projects permitted under the 2016 regulations may continue 
under existing permit conditions until the permit expires. Permittees 
that want to modify existing permit conditions to comply with the new 
regulations may contact their permitting office at any time to 
determine whether a substantive amendment request or a new application 
is most appropriate. For qualifying projects that elect to have their 
pending applications reviewed and administered under all the provisions 
of these new regulations, application fees paid prior to August 12, 
2024, may be used to pay for application and administration fees 
required under the new regulations.
    Issue. Multiple commenters expressed concerns over operations and 
maintenance staff conducting monitoring, suggesting that they might 
underreport their findings or that they would find too few available 
carcasses to provide useful information on eagle take.
    Response. There are two aspects to this concern. The Service 
acknowledges the concern about staff intentionally underreporting their 
findings. Based on input the Service received, we predict this will be 
a rare circumstance and one that can be discovered and addressed with 
the assistance of the Office of Law Enforcement. With any permit, there 
will be good actors and bad actors, and the Service will address bad 
actors accordingly.
    For the second aspect, the Service disagrees that concurrent 
monitoring will not provide useful information. Service analysis 
suggests that, on a large scale (e.g., aggregation of all general 
permits), concurrent monitoring will provide sufficient information 
over time to allow the Service to be confident that our resulting 
program-wide take estimates are consistent with the preservation of 
eagles.
    Issue. A commenter requested clarification as to when an adaptive 
management plan is required.
    Response. It is expected that wind energy project proponents will 
develop an adaptive management plan prior to or on obtaining a general 
permit. However, implementation of the adaptive management plan is 
required only if a certain number of fatalities are discovered at a 
wind energy facility. If three bald eagle injuries or mortalities, or 
three golden eagle injuries or mortalities, are discovered at a project 
during the 5-year general permit tenure, the permittee must provide the 
Service with an adaptive management plan and specify which avoidance 
and minimization measures the permittee will implement. If an injury or 
mortality of a fourth eagle of that species attributable to the project 
is discovered, the permittee must identify and implement the avoidance 
and minimization measures outlined in the adaptive management plan. 
Adaptive management plans may be revised during the permit tenure. A 
copy of adaptive management plan(s) may be requested by the Service at 
any time as part of an audit.
    Issue. One commenter asked for clarification whether circumstances 
impacting eagles outside of a specific permittee's control (e.g., 
decrease or shift in population due to disease, climatic factors, or 
illegal take like poisoning and poaching) could result in

[[Page 9939]]

new obligations being imposed on a specific permit holder.
    Response. Circumstances outside the permittee's and the Service's 
control will continue to affect eagle populations. The permittee's 
responsibility is to comply with the requirements of their permit. The 
Service's responsibility is to ensure permits issued are consistent 
with the preservation of eagles, including at the EMU and LAP scales. 
If situations arise at the EMU and LAP scale that are detrimental to 
eagle populations, the Service may need to act to ensure preservation 
of eagles, which may include programmatic changes to permits or changes 
to a subset of permits. Generally, we will first attempt to address 
these issues modifying the requirements for or restricting new permits. 
However, consistent with 50 CFR 13.23(b), the Service reserves the 
right to amend any permit for just cause at any time during its term, 
upon written finding of necessity.

Power Lines

    Issue. Comments regarding eagle incidental take permits for power 
lines were focused primarily on the required conditions and definitions 
in the regulation.
    Response. The Service made several improvements to the power line 
regulation:
    1. To better align with standard industry terminology, the Service 
revised the term ``electrocution-safe'' to ``avian-safe.''
    2. The Service clarified that power line entities are required to 
ensure that all poles constructed in high-risk eagle areas are avian-
safe, allowing the entity to determine those areas within the 
parameters provided by Service guidance.
    3. To address concerns regarding the siting of projects and buffer 
distances, we revised the conditions to read as follows: ``For new 
construction and rebuild projects, reconstruction, or replacement 
projects, incorporate information on eagles into siting and design 
considerations. Minimize eagle risk by siting away from eagle use areas 
(e.g., nests and winter roosts), accounting for the risk to and 
population status of the species, unless this requirement would unduly 
impact human health and safety; require overly burdensome engineering; 
or have significant adverse effects on biological, cultural, or 
historical resources.''
    4. The Service modified the definition of ``collision response 
strategy'' to reflect that any risk-reduction strategies implemented 
post-collision should be commensurate with the collision risk. This may 
include no changes for one-off situations that are unlikely to reoccur. 
References to changes in engineering design have been removed and will 
instead be included in guidance.
    5. Many companies were concerned that the proactive retrofit 
strategy would be infeasible to implement. Proactive retrofit 
strategies are important, as they serve as the compensatory mitigation 
requirement for power line entities. However, the Service also wants to 
ensure that requirements are feasible. The Service modified the 
requirement to a 50-year strategy for investor-owned utilities and a 
75-year strategy for non-investor-owned utilities, with 5-year 
benchmarks. We also clarified that this requirement applies only to 
poles in high-risk eagle areas that are not avian-safe but may include 
other poles in the service area as well. The Service provides for 
delayed implementation to allow utilities to develop proactive retrofit 
strategies. The Service also provides for extenuating circumstances, 
such as catastrophic weather, wildfire, or other events that 
substantively disrupt power delivery, in implementing these strategies. 
Finally, we note that specific permits are available for any utility 
that is unable to implement the general permit requirements.
    6. The Service amended the conditions associated with the reactive 
retrofit strategy to clarify that the evaluation of the incident must 
be completed within 90 days and the response implemented within 1 year 
of the incident.
    7. The Service clarified that the minimum expectation for the eagle 
shooting response strategy is for utilities to notify the Office of Law 
Enforcement in the case of a confirmed or suspected shooting. However, 
we will work with industry to develop other common-sense response 
options.
    Issue. Several comments expressed concerns regarding the costs 
associated with implementing the avoidance and minimization measures 
for power lines.
    Response. The fees and costs to applicants to participate in the 
permitting framework have been updated and are included in the FEA. See 
tables 5-1 (No Action Alternative), 5-4 (Alternative 2), 5-10 
(Alternative 3), and 5-14 (Alternative 4). These tables comprise all 
fees and costs that a permittee is expected to accrue in applying for 
and complying with all permits. As stated in section 5.6.5 of the FEA, 
the Service assumes that power line entities most likely to apply for a 
permit are entities that have a risk of taking eagles and are already 
retrofitting power poles, thus already meeting this requirement. 
Therefore, the Service does not anticipate an added cost to power line 
entities for the retrofit requirement.

Specific Permits

    Issue. Several commenters expressed concerns with delays in 
specific permit issuance review and requested that the Service further 
streamline the specific permit process.
    Response. The Service will be implementing several approaches to 
improve efficiency in the specific permit process. One approach 
codified in this rulemaking is the creation of new tiers for reviewing 
specific permit applications. These tiers separate the specific permit 
applications that require extensive review and negotiation from those 
that do not, creating a streamlined approach and corresponding reduced 
application fee for projects that meet the new Tier-1 criteria.
    In addition to creating a tiered approach allowing faster 
processing for Tier-1 specific permits, the Service will institute a 
procedural change to further expedite review of some projects. To date, 
42 eagle incidental take permits have been issued to wind energy 
projects across the country. While all permit decisions were analyzed 
in an EA or, occasionally, an EIS, our experience with issuing these 
permits has led us to conclude that a categorical exclusion would be 
appropriate for most permit decisions because relevant environmental 
impacts for most decisions have already been analyzed in the 2016 PEIS 
and extraordinary circumstances are unlikely to apply, given the 
general impacts we disclosed in our NEPA analyses for previously 
analyzed decisions. Specific permit decisions we expect to 
categorically exclude from further NEPA analysis must, at a minimum, 
include the following criteria: (1) Estimated annual eagle take, after 
compensatory mitigation (if required), is below EMU take limits; (2) 
estimated annual eagle take, combined with other authorized take in the 
vicinity, does not exceed five percent of the project-specific Local 
Area Population; (3) permit conditions do not have the potential to 
cause effects on cultural resources or other historic properties 
protected by the National Historic Preservation Act; (4) permit 
issuance will not be precedent setting; (5) the permit decision and 
permit conditions will not be based on take estimates produced from new 
or unpublished methods or models; and (6) no other extraordinary 
circumstances that prevent application of the categorical exclusion 
exist. If the Service determines categorical exclusion is not 
appropriate, the Service

[[Page 9940]]

will initiate an EA or EIS in accordance with NEPA. To ensure linear 
and efficient progress, substantive Service work on these documents 
will begin after the applicant and the Service have completed 
negotiations on the conditions of the permit.

Tribal Concerns

    Issue. There were concerns expressed regarding the removal of 
protections from Sec.  22.85 of the existing regulations, including the 
following:
    <bullet> Evaluation of cultural significance of a local eagle 
population;
    <bullet> Finding of a practicable alternative to nest removal;
    <bullet> Finding of a net benefit to eagles and subsequent 
compensatory mitigation;
    <bullet> Determination of whether suitable nesting and foraging 
habitat is available to accommodate eagles displaced by nest removal; 
and
    <bullet> Finding that permits will not preclude higher priorities, 
including Native American Tribal religious use.
    Response. The Service did not intend to remove the protections 
listed above. Many were moved to other sections or condensed with other 
regulatory language with the intent to provide clarity. However, 
comments indicate this rearrangement did not improve clarity. We have 
re-expanded the regulatory language or relocated the language to the 
expected locations.
    Issue. Several comments from Tribes focused on the creation of 
general permits, particularly for nest take and nest disturbance.
    Response. Regarding opposition to general permits for nest take and 
nest disturbance, the Service notes that these permits are only for 
emergencies, for health and safety issues, or on human-engineered 
structures. In most cases, these situations are a risk to both eagles 
and humans. The qualifications for specific and general permits for 
nest disturbance and nest take are comparable to the standards 
established in 2016. Additionally, the conditions for our general 
permits will be based on the conditions the Service commonly requires 
in its current specific nest take and nest disturbance permits. While 
we are aiming to make applying easier for project proponents by 
simplifying the administrative process, we are not making permits 
easier to secure in the sense of relaxing requirements to protect 
eagles.
    The standards we are establishing around general permits for take 
and disturbance of bald eagle nests will assure continued preservation 
of this species for two reasons: First, because those standards are 
based on the knowledge and experience we have gained from issuing and 
monitoring hundreds of permits over nearly two decades, and second, a 
growing body of scientific literature has demonstrated that breeding 
bald eagles show a higher tolerance and resilience to disturbance and 
other impacts than previously thought. We do not have comparable data 
or experience in managing golden eagle nests and have therefore not 
opened the general-permit program up to removal or disturbance of 
golden-eagle nests in this rulemaking.
    We acknowledge and appreciate Tribal concerns regarding the degree 
of oversight required for general permits when compared to specific 
permits. As part of this final rule, we have added a new eligibility 
restriction for nest-disturbance and nest-take activities in Indian 
country, as defined in 18 U.S.C. 1151, after recent consultation with 
Tribes. General permits will not be available for nest take or nest 
disturbance for nest structures located in Indian country, unless 
requested by the Tribe itself. Furthermore, the Service will make 
publicly available a list of all general permits issued, which Tribes 
can review. We will be implementing an audit program to ensure that 
those participating in our general permits are truly eligible and are 
complying with the permits' terms. For specific permits, the Service 
will continue to notify Tribes regarding activities conducted on their 
lands.
    Issue. Many Tribes believe the new regulations remove opportunities 
for Tribal engagement and bypass government-to-government consultation, 
especially for potential impacts to Tribal lands or resources.
    Response. Throughout all phases of the rulemaking process, the 
Service has encouraged and continues to welcome government-to-
government consultation. In addition, we conducted multiple information 
sessions specifically for Tribes. The Service acknowledges our Federal 
Tribal trust responsibilities and deeply honors our sovereign nation-
to-nation relationship with Tribes. To date, one Tribe requested 
government-to-government consultation regarding this regulation. The 
Service made modifications to the final rule based on this 
consultation. We invite bilateral government-to-government consultation 
at any time.

Wind Energy

    Issue. Some commenters expressed concerns about the cumulative 
impacts of wind energy projects on the landscape on eagle populations, 
particularly at the LAP scale.
    Response. The Service has considered at length how to implement 
general permits for wind projects that are consistent with the 
regulatory preservation standard at the LAP scale. The Service will use 
all available information and the best available tools to estimate 
where authorized take rates may be the highest relative to our 
estimated eagle-population densities. Further, we will require Service-
approved in-lieu fee programs to allocate a small amount of 
compensatory mitigation from each general permittee to be available to 
address LAP concerns. With these extra mitigation funds, in-lieu fee 
programs can deploy compensatory mitigation for eagles in areas where 
LAP thresholds are close to being exceeded (or have been exceeded). If, 
after expenditure of these funds, the Service still determines that 
general-permit issuance is not consistent with the preservation 
standard, we retain the right to amend, suspend, or revoke general 
permits in order to safeguard local eagle populations.
    Issue. We received comments regarding the take thresholds 
associated with wind energy general permits, including comments that 
such thresholds are not necessary for bald eagles, that such thresholds 
may cause the general permit program to fail, and requests to remove 
species-specific take thresholds.
    Response. The Service calculated the take threshold for bald eagles 
and the take threshold for golden eagles to ensure general permitting 
is consistent with the preservation of both eagle species. The 
calculated threshold for each species ended up being four eagles. 
Ensuring take is compatible with eagle preservation primarily depends 
on the take rates for each eagle species, not the combined take rate of 
eagles in general. Therefore, there are separate take thresholds for 
each species, not a combined threshold for ``eagles.'' Finding four 
golden eagles creates a fatality estimate similar to what we would 
expect to see at an average-sized project in the specific-permit zone. 
Finding four bald eagles would produce a similar result. However, a 
project that discovers two dead bald eagles and two dead golden eagles 
during one permit term would be taking eagles at lower rates than 
expected under specific permits and, thus, a general permit is 
appropriate.
    In response to comments that general permit take thresholds are not 
necessary for bald eagles, we reiterate that the goal of these 
thresholds is to ensure that the Service has appropriately accounted 
for the level of eagle take for projects

[[Page 9941]]

receiving general permits in a way that is consistent with our 
preservation standard and ensure that projects with relatively high 
risk to eagles (of either species) are paired with the most appropriate 
management actions that are commensurate with higher or uncertain take 
rates. Exceeding the discovered eagles thresholds established by these 
regulations is not a violation of the permit. Rather, a project that 
discovers more than established thresholds indicates that there are 
potentially unique circumstances at the project site that would benefit 
from Service engagement through the specific permit process. The 
specific permit process allows for Service review of site-specific data 
and collaboration with the permit applicant on development of 
additional data collection and avoidance and minimization approaches 
appropriate for the project to ensure permit issuance criteria are met 
and that authorized take is consistent with our preservation standard, 
particularly at the local scale. This is not possible under an 
automated general permit process.
    In response to the comment that the general permit program is 
likely to fail, our analysis of take in the general permit zones 
suggests that it should be a rare wind project in the general permit 
zone that takes eagles at rates high enough to discover four or more 
bald eagles within a 5-year period. Our estimates for even large wind 
projects in the general permit zone are substantially lower than 
estimated bald eagle fatalities at a similar-sized project in the 
specific permit zone, on which the four-eagle threshold was based. 
Thus, we expect that only a small proportion of projects receiving 
general permits will exceed the bald eagle threshold.
    Issue. The Service received multiple comments regarding the use of 
Evidence of Absence software (Dalthrop et al. 2017) for specific 
permits; many of the comments requested that the Service eliminate the 
use of Evidence of Absence software as a compliance measure. Instead of 
Evidence of Absence software, one commenter suggested the Service 
should instead assess compliance based on the actual number of eagles 
found during fatality monitoring.
    Response. The Service recognizes the limitations of Evidence of 
Absence software. Therefore, on specific permits the Service will 
authorize incidental take of bald eagles, golden eagles, or both but 
will not specify a take limit. The Service will continue to use the 
best available statistical programs to evaluate and estimate mortality 
rates. Currently Evidence of Absence software is the best estimator 
available to handle zero-inflated data (i.e., data that has an excess 
of zero counts). The Service will use estimated mortality rates to 
calculate compensatory mitigation requirements. The Service will also 
use estimated mortality rates to estimate the number of eagles 
authorized for internal tracking purposes. The Service will use 
estimated mortality rates for eagles instead of number of eagles found, 
as this approach is more appropriate for understanding how permit 
issuance effects eagle populations.
    Issue. Multiple comments expressed disapproval of the Collision 
Risk Model (CRM), with some stating the lack of predictability with the 
CRM results in increased costs and timelines.
    Response. The Service recognizes that, as with all models, we must 
continue working to improve the CRM. However, the CRM represents the 
best science available today. The CRM was developed using site-specific 
and species-specific eagle exposure and eagle collision data provided 
from wind energy facilities across the Nation and represents the best 
available data to assess risk to eagles by turbines. The Service's CRM 
evaluates risk across projects in a consistent and predictable way 
while accounting and managing for uncertainty. The Service uses site-
specific data to inform the CRM and have the estimate reflect risk for 
a given project while accounting for variability in both eagle use and 
collision risk. In the 2016 eagle rule and PEIS, the Service described 
the adaptive management framework for authorization of eagle take. At 
wind facilities, the Services uses monitoring data--consistent with 
methods outlined in the Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines (www.fws.gov/media/land-based-wind-energy-guidelines)--to inform the initial take 
authorization for a permit. We use monitoring data collected under the 
permit to update the estimates over time. Any mitigation paid by the 
permittee initially that exceeds updated take estimates is credited 
forward, reducing future mitigation burden.
    The Service can evaluate alternative models as part of the adaptive 
management framework over time; however, to ensure consistency and 
adherence to management objectives, initial permit estimates are based 
on our peer-reviewed modeling framework. Monitoring can be designed, in 
coordination with the Service, to compare updates to the CRM modeling 
framework to results from other models. Any comparison would need to 
evaluate the model's ability to quantify uncertainty. Similarly, the 
Service's eagle permit biologists consider all site-specific data 
available when thinking about potential avoidance and minimization 
measures that may reduce risk at a given project, but rely on the CRM 
and consistent, representative monitoring data to represent risk across 
all permitted projects. Site-specific data (e.g., mortality monitoring) 
without use of a model designed to extrapolate beyond the monitoring 
period does not appropriately account for variability in eagle risk.
    The Service will use the CRM to calculate eagle fatalities for 
internal tracking and calculating mitigation requirements for specific 
permits. While the Service generally does not recommend that project 
proponents propose an alternative CRM, under the new rule Tier 2 
specific permittees with a reimbursable agreement may request 
consideration of an alternative CRM. The Service will review these 
requests on a case-by-case basis and anticipates requiring, at a 
minimum, publication of the alternative CRM in the Federal Register for 
public review at the cost of the applicant, including quantification of 
the uncertainty of the model (i.e., confidence in the estimate). The 
Service may also require third-party monitoring to validate the model.
    Issue. Commenters requested clarification on take limits associated 
with the permits.
    Response. Wind energy general permits and specific permits will not 
have a take limit associated with them. Wind projects with a general 
permit cannot discover four or more bald eagles or four or more golden 
eagles within a 5-year permit term and remain eligible for another 
general permit in the future. We will continue to estimate take at wind 
projects for both general and specific permits to ensure consistency 
with the preservation standard and, for specific permits, determine 
required compensatory mitigation. For specific permits, the Service 
will require additional compensatory mitigation if it concludes 
(through data received in annual reporting or otherwise) that permitted 
take exceeds the level of compensatory mitigation already provided. If 
we determine that take at a permitted facility is not consistent with 
our preservation standard, we will conduct an administrative check-in 
and likely require amendments to the permit.

[[Page 9942]]

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and 
14094)

    Executive Order 12866 (E.O. 12866), as reaffirmed by E.O. 13563 and 
E.O. 14094, provides that the Office of Information and Regulatory 
Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) will review 
all significant rules. OIRA has determined that this rulemaking action 
is significant.
    Executive Order 14094 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866 and 
E.O 13563 and states that regulatory analysis should facilitate agency 
efforts to develop regulations that serve the public interest, advance 
statutory objectives, and are consistent with E.O. 12866, E.O. 13563, 
and the Presidential Memorandum of January 20, 2021 (Modernizing 
Regulatory Review). Regulatory analysis, as practicable and 
appropriate, shall recognize distributive impacts and equity, to the 
extent permitted by law. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further that regulations 
must be based on the best available science and that the rulemaking 
process must allow for public participation and an open exchange of 
ideas. We have developed this rule in a manner consistent with these 
requirements.
    Costs and benefits of the rule can be broken down into three 
categories; impacts to permittees, impacts to the Service, and societal 
impacts. Impacts to permittees include permitting costs as described in 
Table 1, below, as well as other unquantifiable costs such as the costs 
associated with reading and understanding the rule, time spent on 
permit application, and costs associated with training staff on the 
requirements of the rule. Benefits to permittees include the ability to 
acquire a permit and eliminate the risk of enforcement associated with 
incidental eagle take. Where the costs of the proposed permit exceed 
the benefits associated with the risk of enforcement (e.g., projects 
with low risk of incidental eagle take or projects with perceived low 
risk of legal enforcement), we do not expect entities to apply for a 
permit. Impacts to the Service include costs associated with processing 
and auditing these permits; these costs are anticipated to be less than 
the benefits of anticipated reductions in staff time associated with 
processing these permits, as general permits can be issued without the 
need for Service interaction. Societal impacts include benefits 
associated with an anticipated increase in eagle populations associated 
with reduced incidental take and beneficial activities associated with 
compensatory mitigation requirements; no societal costs are assumed.
    Table 1 below shows the permit count and cost under the 2016 
regulations, the expected number of permits and average permit costs 
under this rule, and the estimated marginal costs and impacts between 
the 2016 regulations and this rule. Additional analysis is available in 
the supporting FEA.
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P

[[Page 9943]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12FE24.010


[[Page 9944]]


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12FE24.011

BILLING CODE 4333-15-C
    The maximum total estimated annual cost to industry for this rule 
is $16,821,500. The maximum total estimated cost over 5 years for all 
permits is $84,107,500. The average annual equivalent cost is 
$13,794,294 with a total net present value cost of $68,971,471 using a 
7 percent discount rate. The average annual equivalent cost is 
$15,407,509 with a total net present value of $77,037,544 at a 3 
percent discount rate. These discount rates represent a range of values 
that the Office of Management and Budget recommends as a Federal-
program discount rate for benefit-cost analysis for most Federal 
programs. The above costs represent the total gross cost of the rule 
and do not reflect the costs associated with the existing regulations. 
This rule is expected to create an estimated maximum of $3,857,500 in 
new costs annually and $19,287,500 in new marginal costs over 5 years, 
as compared to the 2016 regulations. These estimates represent the 
maximum quantifiable costs; they do not represent other costs that may 
be incurred, such as the costs for entities to read and understand the 
rule, time spent on permit application, and costs associated with 
training staff on the requirements of the rule. However, these new 
marginal costs are more than offset by savings to both industry and the 
Service in terms of reduced Eagle Act enforcement costs and no 
requirements for preconstruction monitoring under general permits and 
the removed requirement for third-party monitoring under specific 
permits. The anticipated 74 wind-energy projects and 4 power-line 
entities that annually receive and comply with a permit will no longer 
be subject to potential enforcement under

[[Page 9945]]

the Eagle Act, which can result in substantial legal costs, nor will 
they incur costs to estimate and reduce their legal risks, which may 
include biological surveys and hiring staff and attorneys. While this 
total reduced enforcement cost is not quantifiable due to limited data, 
the Service expects that the savings exceed the total new costs 
associated with this rule. The costs of this rule are also offset by 
the ecosystem-services benefits associated with potential decreased 
take leading to increased populations of eagles.

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as 
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 
(SBREFA) of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121, 201, 110 Stat. 847)), whenever an 
agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed 
or final rule, it must prepare and make available for public comment a 
regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule 
on small businesses, small organizations, and small government 
jurisdictions. However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required 
if the head of an agency certifies the rule would not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal 
agencies to provide the statement of the factual basis for certifying 
that a rule would not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. Thus, for a regulatory 
flexibility analysis to be required, impacts must exceed a threshold 
for ``significant impact'' and a threshold for a ``substantial number 
of small entities.'' See 5 U.S.C. 605(b). We examined this rule's 
potential effects on small entities as required by the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act and certify that this action will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
This analysis first estimates the number of businesses potentially 
impacted and then estimates the economic impact of this rule.
    To assess the effects of this rule on small entities, we focus on 
the proposed general and specific permit approach for incidental take 
by wind-energy facilities and electric-transmission companies. We also 
address nest disturbance and nest take permits for businesses in other 
sectors, such as housing and building construction, railroads, timber 
companies, pipeline companies, and gold ore mining.
    Using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 
the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) defines a small business 
as one with annual revenue or employment that meets or is below an 
established size standard. While the NAICS was updated in 2023, we are 
using the 2017 NAICS to best compare to the most recent 2017 Statistics 
of U.S. Businesses (SUSB) tables that contain information on receipts. 
Relevant 2017 NAICS small business definitions include:
    [ballot] fewer than 250 employees for ``Wind Electric Power 
Generation'' (NAICS sector 221115),
    [ballot] fewer than 1,000 employees for ``Electric Power 
Distribution'' (NAICS sector 221122),
    [ballot] fewer than 500 employees for ``Logging'' (NAICS sector 
113310),
    [ballot] less than $36.5 million of average annual receipts for 
``Construction of Buildings'' (NAICS sectors 236115, 236116, 236117, 
236210, and 236220),
    [ballot] less than $36.5 million of average annual receipts for 
``Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction'' (NAICS sector 237310),
    [ballot] less than $15.0 million of average annual receipts for 
``Support Activities for Rail Transportation'' (NAICS sector 488210), 
and
    [ballot] fewer than 1,500 employees for ``Gold Ore Mining'' (NAICS 
sector 212221).
    Table 2 indicates the number of businesses within each industry and 
the estimated percentage of small businesses impacted by this rule.

                          Table 2--Distribution and Potential Impact to Businesses \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Total firms/            Small businesses
                                                                   establishments        potentially impacted by
                                                             --------------------------         this rule
         NAICS code                     Description            Number of    Number of  -------------------------
                                                                  all         small
                                                               businesses   businesses     Number     Percentage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
221115......................  Wind Electric Power Generation          459          135           22           16
                               \2\.
221122......................  Electric Power Distribution           1,233        1,169            0            0
                               \3\.
113310......................  Logging \4\...................        7,992        7,977     up to 13           <1
236115......................  New Single-family Housing            49,215       49,143     up to 13           <1
                               Construction (Except For-Sale
                               Builders) \4\.
236116......................  New Multifamily Housing               3,175        2,851     up to 13           <1
                               Construction (Except For-Sale
                               Builders) \4\.
236117......................  New Housing For-Sale Builders        15,483       15,099     up to 13           <1
                               \4\.
236118......................  Residential Remodelers \4\....      103,079      102,998     up to 13           <1
236210......................  Industrial Building                   2,997        2,847     up to 13            1
                               Construction \4\.
236220......................  Commercial and Institutional         38,079       36,100     up to 13           <1
                               Building Construction \4\.
237310......................  Highway, Street, and Bridge           8,826        8,198     up to 13           <1
                               Construction \4\.
237990......................  Other Heavy and Civil                 4,165        4,052     up to 13           <1
                               Engineering Construction \4\.
488210......................  Support Activities for Rail             564          484     up to 13            3
                               Transportation \4\.
212221......................  Gold Ore Mining \4\...........          147          132      up to 2            2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Data is from the latest Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB) tables that contain information on receipts,
  which is from 2017.
\2\ The number of potentially impacted small businesses is based on the distribution of businesses by enterprise
  size from 2017 SUSB data tables, the total number of estimated annual permits, and the small business
  standards threshold from SBA.
\3\ Permitting will be required at a large utility scale similar to existing Special Purpose Utility permits
  (SPUT permits) that the Service issues.
\4\ We estimate that the number of nest disturbance and nest take permits will be similar to the number issued
  over the last 5 years: 677. The non-electric and wind power generation NAICS represent sectors that have
  historically requested permits. We evenly distributed the estimated total amount of disturbance and take
  permits across all sectors, with the exception of gold ore mining, for the 5-year period, which comes to 67
  permits. Gold ore mining entities have historically applied for only 1 to 2 permits per year, or up to 10 over
  a 5-year period. We also assumed an evenly distributed number of permits across each year, 13, for the
  remainder of the sectors.


[[Page 9946]]

    In the last 5 years (2017 through 2022), the Service has issued 26 
permits to wind-energy generation facilities and 677 specific permits 
to other entities, which averages about 141 permits annually. For the 
677 non-wind specific permits, most were issued to businesses and to 
government agencies, and the remaining were issued to individuals. The 
number of specific permits issued under this rule over the first 5 
years may be higher or lower than the existing permit program under the 
2016 regulations due to the creation of general permits and the 
remaining complexity associated with specific permits. General permits 
typically allow the regulated community to apply for and obtain a 
permit more easily, particularly when projects are designed at the 
outset to comply with general-permit eligibility criteria. Specific 
permits are available to wind-energy-project applicants that do not 
meet general-permit eligibility criteria. Based on these assumptions, 
we estimate that the number of specific permits under this rule will be 
similar to the number of existing permits over the last 5 years, which 
is close to 30 permits. Although small, noncommercial, wind-energy 
facilities (e.g., single-turbine facilities connected to public 
buildings) could apply for incidental take permits, we anticipate that 
most of the applications for wind-energy facilities will be for 
utility-scale projects. The largest expected impacts to small 
businesses under this rule would be an increase in the number of 
permits issued to wind-energy generation facilities due to the changes 
being made in the application requirements and the availability of 
general permits and the inclusion of general and specific permits 
tailored to power-line entities. We expect that this rule will impact 
16 percent of wind-energy generation small businesses, with the 
expected costs of such permits described in tables 3 (general permits) 
and 4 (specific permits), and a breakdown of general permits by 
enterprise size category in table 5.
    Electric power distribution entities are eligible for both general 
and specific incidental take permits in the proposed regulation. 
However, based on the NAICS definitions, we assume that none of the 
potential electric power distribution permittees would be small 
businesses.
    Businesses that apply for nest take and nest-disturbance permits 
typically include home construction, road construction, and various 
other construction projects. We assume that the number of nest take and 
nest disturbance permits will continue along this trend over the next 5 
years. For this analysis, we evenly distributed those permits across 
industry sectors that best represent the NAICS industry sectors that 
applied for permits historically. We anticipate the number of permit 
applicants in those sectors would be relatively small, on the order of 
1 to 13 per year for each sector, except gold ore mining, which 
historically applied for only 1 to 2 permits annually. As a result, 
this rule will impact less than 1 to 2.5 percent of small businesses in 
NAICS sectors 236115, 236116, 236117, 236118, 236210, 236220, 237310, 
237990, 488210, and 212221. The cost per entity for nest take and nest 
disturbance permitting under this rule is minimal, totaling $100 per 
eagle or nest, per year. The minimal cost of these permits is not 
expected to result in a significant impact to small businesses in these 
sectors, regardless of the total percentage of small businesses 
impacted as a whole.
    As described above, the wind-energy generation industry is the only 
industry for which specific and general permits could result in a 
significant impact on small businesses. Table 3 shows the expected 
difference between 5-year costs for specific permits and 5-year costs 
for general permits for wind-energy generation facilities. Wind-energy 
generation facilities will pay less for a general permit compared to 
the costs associated with a standard permit under the 2016 regulations. 
The permit application fee (including costs for auditing) is reduced 
from $36,000 to $1,000 for a general permit. In addition, applicants 
will pay an administration fee of either $2,500 (Tier 1) or $10,000 
(Tier 2), as compared to the existing specific permit administration 
fee of $8,000. Compensatory mitigation costs for general permits for a 
wind-energy project will average $37,200. This is a significant 
decrease from the specific-permit cost under the 2016 regulations of 
$960,000 (using our calculation from the EA of $120,000 as the cost of 
an eagle credit). The average costs for monitoring for a wind-energy 
project will be negligible, a cost savings from the specific permit 
monitoring cost estimates of $1,100,000 under the 2016 regulations. The 
total estimated cost savings between a specific permit under the 2016 
regulations and a general permit under this regulation is therefore 
slightly over $2,000,000 per permit (depending on whether the project 
is a Tier 1 or a Tier 2 project). The total number of estimated permits 
shows an estimated overall increase in industry costs associated with 
permitting under this rule, but only because the Service expects a 
substantial jump in participation across industry due to the 
improvements in the permit process and reduction in costs and time 
required per permit.

                                 Table 3--Wind General Permit Costs and Savings
                                                 [5-Year costs]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Specific--2016
             Cost category                  regulations        General--this rule        Cost savings (average)
                                             (average)              (average)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Permit application fee.................           $36,000  $1,000....................  $35,000.
Administration Fee.....................             8,000  2,500 (Tier 1); 10,000      5,500 (Tier 1); (2,000)
                                                            (Tier 2).                   (Tier 2).
Compensatory Mitigation Costs..........           960,000  37,200....................  922,800.
Monitoring Costs.......................         1,100,000  0.........................  1,100,000.
                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total Cost.........................         2,104,000  40,700 (Tier 1); 48,200     2,063,300 (Tier 1);
                                                            (Tier 2).                   2,055,800 (Tier 2).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 4 displays the new cost for specific permits under this rule 
compared to the cost for specific permits under the 2016 regulations. 
Under this rule, entities will pay $1,080,000 for compensatory 
mitigation, an increase of $120,000 from the $960,000 cost under the 
2016 regulations. These costs have increased due to updates in the 
estimated amount of required mitigation for projects in the specific-
permit category. The Service may issue three types of wind-energy 
specific permits under this rule. Tier 1 permits are for the simplest 
types of

[[Page 9947]]

projects and would require a $10,000 permit-application cost. Tier 2 
permits are similar to existing specific permits and require a $26,000 
permit application cost. Tier 2 with reimbursable agreement permits 
require permittees to pay for staff time via a reimbursable agreement 
above and beyond the $26,000 permit application cost. For purposes of 
this analysis, we assume that the average specific permit will be a 
Tier 2 permit with the same permit-application cost as the specific-
permit structure under the 2016 regulations. Entities will continue to 
pay their own monitoring costs estimated at $1,100,000 over the life of 
the permit. As a result, the total average cost increase to entities 
receiving a wind-energy specific permit under this rule is $112,000.

                             Table 4--Wind Energy Specific Permit Costs and Savings
                                                 [5-Year costs]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Specific--2016     Specific--
                         Cost category                             regulations       this rule     Cost savings
                                                                    (average)        (average)       (average)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Permit Application Fee........................................           $36,000         $26,000         $10,000
Administration Fee............................................             8,000          10,000         (2,000)
Compensatory Mitigation Costs.................................           960,000       1,080,000       (120,000)
Monitoring Costs..............................................         1,100,000       1,100,000               0
                                                               -------------------------------------------------
    Total Cost................................................         2,104,000       2,216,000       (112,000)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Businesses in the ``wind electric power generation industry'' are 
defined as small if they have fewer than 250 employees. The 2017 SUSB 
Annual Data Tables report the annual payroll amounts by industry that 
fall within enterprise size categories. The data for ``wind electric 
power generation'' does not contain a range for businesses with under 
250 employees; the closest reporting range is fewer than 500 employees. 
Table 5 shows a range of receipts by enterprise size and establishment 
count as well as the projected percentage of receipts impacted by this 
rule both at the individual establishments level and the total for that 
enterprise size. The wind-energy project general-permit cost will be 
paid in full at the time of the permit application; therefore, the 5-
year cost of $48,200 is assessed in the first year. This cost would 
then be assessed again at the renewal of the permit in 5 years. Due to 
this being a one-time cost that covers a 5-year period, this amount 
equates to at most one percent of total annual receipts by enterprise 
size (table 5). As a result, this cost will not create a substantial 
impact on small businesses or specific industries. We base this 
determination on permit costs for general permits. The number of 
specific permits issued is expected to follow the same trend as under 
the 2016 regulations, and permits are likely to be issued in areas of 
higher risk to eagles to large, complex facilities that are well above 
the industry-standard payroll amount. Therefore, we do not expect any 
impacts to small businesses associated with these specific permits.

                            Table 5--Range of Receipts Impacted by This Rule: Wind Electric Power Generation General Permits
                                                           [Using 2017 SUSB annual data table]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Average receipt
                                                         Annual        for size      Annual cost per      Number of     Total annual %     Annual % of
        Enterprise size \1\          Establishments     receipts      (=receipt/        permit for     establishments     of receipts     receipts for
                                                        ($1,000)    establishments)   establishment       impacted        impacted by       impacted
                                                                       ($1,000)                         annually \2\       this rule     establishments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01: Total.........................               459   $8,001,761           $17,433          $48,200                74            0.04               0.3
02: <5 employees..................                45       80,905             1,798           48,200                 7            0.42               2.7
03: 5-9 employees.................                 8       14,478             1,810           48,200                 1            0.33               2.7
04: 10-14 employees...............                 7       15,873             2,268           48,200                 1            0.30               2.1
05: 15-19 employees...............                 8       39,960             4,995           48,200                 1            0.12               1.0
06: <20 employees.................                68      151,216             2,224           48,200                11            0.35               2.2
12: 50-74 employees...............                 9       98,897            10,989           48,200                 1            0.05               0.4
19: <500 employees................               135    1,469,292            10,884           48,200                22            0.07               0.4
24: 2,000-2,499 employees.........                12       75,879             6,323           48,200                 2            0.13               0.8
25: 2,500-4,999 employees.........                11       91,973             8,361           48,200                 2            0.10               0.6
26: 5,000+ employees..............               240    5,368,670            22,369           48,200                39            0.04               0.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 2017 NAICS thresholds for ``Wind Electric Power Generation'' (NAICS 221115) define small businesses as having fewer than 250 employees.
\2\ The number of establishments impacted annually is based on the weighting of the number of establishments in that enterprise size compared to the
  total number of establishments. That weight value was multiplied by the total number of estimated annual permits (74) to derive the figures shown.
  Note that the total sum of <500 and the enterprise sizes greater than 500 will not total 74 due to missing enterprise size categories from the SUSB
  2017 data tables.

    While electric-power-distribution companies are currently eligible 
to apply for a specific permit, under this rule, these entities are 
eligible to apply for general permits. The permit application fee for 
these general permits is $1,000, and the administration fee is either 
$2,500 (for Tier 1 permittees) or $10,000 (for Tier 2 permittees). The 
costs for power-pole retrofits called for under the proactive retrofit 
strategy are estimated to be $0. Many larger utilities already have 
existing avian protection and retrofit strategies in place and would 
not incur new costs or benefits associated with the proposed retrofit 
strategy. For entities without an avian protection plan and a retrofit 
strategy in place, we expect that the retrofit requirement for a 
general permit will not create substantial new costs for those 
entities. Any costs associated with retrofitting power poles to be 
avian-safe (estimated from approximately $500-$2,500 per pole) would be 
at least partly recouped by increased reliability and a reduction in 
costs associated with eagle-

[[Page 9948]]

electrocution response. The Service assumes that the primary interest 
in permits in the first 5 years would be from firms with existing 
special-purpose-utility permits to salvage dead birds. These firms with 
known incidental take of eagles will benefit from a permit authorizing 
that take. No existing special-purpose-utility permit holder is a small 
business, and, therefore, there will not be a substantial impact to 
small businesses from this rule.
    A commercial business applying for a standard nest disturbance or 
nest take permit under the 2016 regulations would have to pay $500 per 
nest per year, while a noncommercial entity would pay $100 per nest per 
year. Under this rule, both commercial and noncommercial permittees 
would pay $100 per nest per year for a general permit. Businesses in 
the construction industry are defined as small if they have annual 
revenue less than $36.5 million. Depending on the type of permit 
applications submitted by an individual small business, the permit fees 
represent less than one percent of revenue. Thus, the creation of a 
general permit will not have a significant economic effect on a 
substantial number of small businesses in the construction sectors. The 
changes in general permit application fees are shown in tables 6 and 7. 
The costs of a specific permit for both nest disturbance and nest take 
would be unchanged from the existing regulation.
    Table 6 shows the expected difference between the 5-year costs for 
a nest-disturbance permit under the 2016 regulations and a general 
permit under this rule.

                           Table 6--Nest Disturbance General Permit Costs and Savings
                                                 [5-Year costs]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Nest disturbance--     Nest disturbance--
                  Cost category                       2016 regulations          this rule          Cost savings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Permit application costs.........................                $2,500                   $500           $2,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 7 shows the expected difference between the 5-year costs for 
a nest-take permit under the 2016 regulations and a general permit 
under this rule.

                               Table 7--Nest Take General Permit Costs and Savings
                                                 [5-Year costs]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Nest take-- 2016
                  Cost category                         regulations       Nest take-- this rule    Cost savings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Permit Application Costs.........................                $2,500                   $500           $2,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This rule is expected to create an overall savings due to reduced 
costs for general permits compared to specific permits under the 2016 
regulations. This rule is expected to create additional savings to both 
industry and the Service in terms of reduced Eagle Act enforcement 
costs. Entities that receive and comply with a permit will no longer be 
subject to potential enforcement under the Eagle Act, which can result 
in substantial legal costs, nor will they incur costs to estimate and 
reduce their legal risks, which may include biological surveys and 
hiring staff and attorneys. While this total reduced enforcement cost 
is not quantifiable due to limited data, the Service expects that it 
exceeds the total of new costs associated with this rule.
    In sum, this rule impacts a substantial number of small businesses 
in NAICS sector 221115, ``Wind Electric Power Generation''; however, 
the economic impacts to individual businesses are not significant. As 
described above, the number of businesses belonging to other industries 
impacted is not substantial and the magnitude of those economic impacts 
is not significant. Based on the available information analyzed above, 
we certify that this rule will not have a significant economic effect 
on a substantial number of small entities as defined under the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). Therefore, a 
regulatory flexibility analysis is not required, and a small entity 
compliance guide is not required.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.)

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, we have 
determined the following:
    a. This rule will not ``significantly or uniquely'' affect small 
governments in a negative way. There would be no permit administration 
costs incurred by small governments because they would not be 
administering the issuance of Federal permits. Small governments could 
potentially apply for permits for nest take or nest disturbance, but 
fees for those permits are small and would not significantly affect 
small governments in a negative way. A small government agency plan is 
not required.
    b. This rule will not produce a Federal mandate of $100 million or 
greater in any year. It is not a ``significant regulatory action'' 
under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

Takings (E.O. 12630)

    In accordance with E.O. 12630, this rule will not have significant 
takings implications. This rule does not contain any provisions that 
could constitute taking of private property. Therefore, a takings 
implication assessment is not required.

Federalism (E.O. 13132)

    This rule will not have sufficient federalism effects to warrant 
preparation of a federalism summary impact statement under E.O. 13132. 
It will not interfere with the States' abilities to manage themselves 
or their funds. No significant economic impacts are expected to result 
from the regulations changes.

Civil Justice Reform (E.O. 12988)

    In accordance with E.O. 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has 
determined that this rule does not unduly burden the judicial system 
and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order.

Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)

    This rule contains existing and new information collections. All 
information

[[Page 9949]]

collections require approval by the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et 
seq.). We may not conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to 
respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently 
valid OMB control number. The OMB has reviewed and approved the 
information collection requirements associated with eagle permits and 
fees and assigned the OMB Control Number 1018-0167.
    In accordance with the PRA and its implementing regulations at 5 
CFR 1320.8(d)(1), we provide the general public and other Federal 
agencies with an opportunity to comment on our proposal to revise OMB 
Control Number 1018-0167. This input will help us assess the impact of 
our information collection requirements and minimize the public's 
reporting burden. It will also help the public understand our 
information collection requirements and provide the requested data in 
the desired format.
    As part of our continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent 
burdens, and in accordance with 5 CFR 1320.8(d)(1), we invite the 
public and other Federal agencies to comment on any aspect of this 
proposed information collection, including:
    (1) Whether or not the collection of information is necessary for 
the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including 
whether or not the information will have practical utility;
    (2) The accuracy of our estimate of the burden for this collection 
of information, including the validity of the methodology and 
assumptions used;
    (3) Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected; and
    (4) Ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on 
those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate 
automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection 
techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting 
electronic submission of response.
    Comments that you submit in response to this rulemaking are a 
matter of public record. Before including your address, phone number, 
email address, or other personal identifying information in your 
comment, you should be aware that your entire comment--including your 
personal identifying information--may be made publicly available at any 
time. While you can ask us in your comment to withhold your personal 
identifying information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we 
will be able to do so.
    The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (Eagle Act; 16 U.S.C. 668-
668d) prohibits take of bald eagles and golden eagles except pursuant 
to Federal regulations. The Eagle Act regulations at title 50, part 22 
of the CFR define the ``take'' of an eagle to include the following 
broad range of actions: To ``pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, 
kill, capture, trap, collect, destroy, molest, or disturb.'' The Eagle 
Act allows the Secretary of the Interior to authorize certain otherwise 
prohibited activities through regulations. Service permit applications 
associated with eagles are each tailored to a specific activity based 
on the requirements for specific types of permits. We collect standard 
identifier information for all permits. The information that we collect 
on applications and reports is the minimum necessary for us to 
determine if the applicant meets/continues to meet issuance 
requirements for the particular activity. Standardizing general 
information common to the application forms makes filing of 
applications easier for the public as well as expedites our review of 
applications. In accordance with Federal regulations at 50 CFR 13.12, 
we collect standard identifier information for all permits, including 
the following:
    <bullet> Applicant's full name and address (street address, city, 
county, State, and zip code; and mailing address if different from 
street address); home and work telephone numbers; and a fax number and 
email address (if available), and

--If the applicant resides or is located outside the United States, an 
address in the United States, and, if conducting commercial activities, 
the name and address of his or her agent that is located in the United 
States; and
--If the applicant is an individual, the date of birth, occupation, and 
any business, agency, organizational, or institutional affiliation 
associated with the wildlife or plants to be covered by the license or 
permit; or
--If the applicant is a business, corporation, public agency, or 
institution, the tax identification number; description of the business 
type, corporation, agency, or institution; and the name and title of 
the person responsible for the permit (e.g., president, principal 
officer, or director);

    <bullet> Location where the requested permitted activity is to 
occur;
    <bullet> Reference to the part(s) and section(s) of subchapter B as 
listed in 50 CFR 13.11(b) under which the application is made for a 
permit or permits, together with any additional justification, 
including supporting documentation as required by the referenced 
part(s) and section(s);
    <bullet> If the requested permitted activity involves the import or 
reexport of wildlife or plants from or to any foreign country, and the 
country of origin, or the country of export or re-export restricts the 
taking, possession, transportation, exportation, or sale of wildlife or 
plants, documentation as indicated in 50 CFR 14.52(c);
    <bullet> Certification containing the following language:

--I hereby certify that I have read and am familiar with the 
regulations contained in title 50, part 13, of the Code of Federal 
Regulations and the other applicable parts in subchapter B of chapter I 
of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, and I further certify that 
the information submitted in this application for a permit is complete 
and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that 
any false statement herein may subject me to suspension or revocation 
of this permit and to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

    <bullet> Desired effective date of permit (except where issuance 
date is fixed by the part under which the permit is issued);
    <bullet> Date;
    <bullet> Signature of the applicant; and
    <bullet> Other information that the Director determines relevant to 
the processing of the application, including, but not limited to, 
information on the environmental effects of the activity consistent 
with 40 CFR 1506.5 and Departmental procedures at 516 DM 8.
    In addition to the general permitting requirements outlined in 
Federal regulations at 50 CFR 13.12, applications for any permit under 
50 CFR part 22 must contain:
    <bullet> Species of eagle and number of birds, nests, or eggs 
proposed to be taken, possessed, or transported;
    <bullet> Specific locality in which taking is proposed, if any;
    <bullet> Method of proposed take, if any;
    <bullet> If not taken, the source of eagles and other circumstances 
surrounding the proposed acquisition or transportation;
    <bullet> Name and address of the public museum, public scientific 
society, or public zoological park for which they are intended; and
    <bullet> Complete explanation and justification of the request, 
nature of project or study, number of specimens now at the institution, 
reason these are

[[Page 9950]]

inadequate, and other appropriate explanations.
    The proposed revisions to existing and new reporting and/or 
recordkeeping requirements identified below require approval by OMB:
    (1) Administrative Updates--On January 7, 2022, the Service 
published a final rule (87 FR 876) making administrative updates to 50 
CFR parts 21 and 22. We captured the associated administrative updates 
to the CFR references for part 22 in the updated versions of the forms 
in this collection being submitted to OMB for approval with this 
renewal/revision request.
    (2) Change in Administration Fees--State, Local, Tribal, or Federal 
Agencies (Sec.  13.11(d)(3)(i))--This rule changes the Service's 
practice of not charging administration fees for eagle permits under 50 
CFR part 22 to any State, local, Tribal, or Federal government agency, 
or to any individual or institution acting on behalf of the agency. 
Except as otherwise authorized or waived, if the agency fails to submit 
evidence of agency status with the application, we will require the 
submission of all processing fees prior to the acceptance of the 
application for processing.
    (3) Revision to Form 3-200-71--We split approved Form 3-200-71, 
``Eagle Take Associated with but not the Purpose of an Activity 
(Incidental Take)'' into two separate forms * as follows:
    a. Form 3-200-71, ``Eagle Incidental Take''--General and Specific, 
and
    b. Form 3-200-91, ``Eagle Disturbance Take''--General and Specific.

    * With this submission, we are no longer proposing Form 3-200-
92, Eagle Incidental Take (Power Lines)--General and Specific.''

    We further describe the changes below:
    a. (Revised Title) Form 3-200-71, ``Eagle Incidental Take''--
General and Specific--The revision to Form 3-200-71 authorizes the 
incidental take of eagles where the take results from but is not the 
purpose of an activity. General permits are valid for 5 years from the 
date of registration. Specific permits may be valid for up to 30 years. 
In addition to the standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, 
permit application requirements include submission of the following 
information:
    i. Requested permit type;
    ii. Infrastructure type;
    iii. Description, duration, and location of the activity that is 
likely to cause eagle take;
    iv. Justification of why there is no practicable alternative to the 
activity that would protect the interest to be served;
    v. Description of eagle use and activity in the area, location of 
eagle nests or roosts, and distance of nests and other important eagle 
use areas from the project;
    vi. Identification of subpermittees, if applicable;
    vii. Records retention requirements;
    viii. Certification of activity's compliance with all Federal, 
Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations applicable to eagles; and
    ix. Permit disqualification factors, including information for any 
convictions, guilty pleas or nolo contendere, forfeited collateral, or 
pending charges for violations of laws cited in the permit application.
    General permit applications must also include the compensatory 
mitigation requirement, requested permit tenure and effective date, and 
certification of general permit requirements. Additional information 
collected from specific permit applicants includes:
    i. Requested duration of the permit;
    ii. Requested eagle species for authorization;
    iii. Additional project-specific information, including an eagle 
impacts assessment and pre- or post-construction monitoring methods;
    iv. Description of implemented and proposed avoidance and 
minimization measures;
    v. Description of implemented and proposed compensatory mitigation;
    vi. Existing project general permit eligibility, if applicable; and
    vii. Anticipated permit application fee tier.
    Permit applications associated with eagle incidental take permits 
may require the following:
    <bullet> Post-Construction Monitoring--Post-construction monitoring 
fatality estimation must be based on 2 or more years of eagle fatality 
monitoring that meet the Service's minimum fatality monitoring 
requirements for specific eagle permits.
    <bullet> Adaptive Management Plan--Upon the discovery of the third 
and fourth bald eagle or golden eagle injuries or mortalities at a 
project, the permittee must provide the Service with their reporting 
data required by the permit conditions, adaptive management plan, and a 
description and justification of which adaptive management approaches 
will be implemented.
    <bullet> Annual Report--Permittees must submit an annual report 
using Form 3-202-15. The annual report is due within 30 days of the 
expiration of the permit or prior to requesting renewal of the permit, 
whichever is first.
    <bullet> Compensatory Mitigation--For wind energy specific permits, 
the permittee must implement the compensatory mitigation requirements 
on the face of their permit. For wind energy general permits, the 
permittee must obtain eagle credits from a Service-approved 
conservation bank or in-lieu fee program based on the hazardous volume 
of the project.
    In addition, permit applications associated with incidental take 
permits by power lines may require the following:
    <bullet> Collision Response Strategy--A plan that describes the 
process the permittee will follow to identify whether a collision-
caused injury or morality has occurred, to evaluate factors that 
contributed to the collision, and to implement risk-reduction measures 
commensurate with the collision risk.
    <bullet> Proactive Retrofit Strategy--A plan to convert existing 
infrastructure to avian-safe infrastructure within a set timeline. The 
strategy must identify a baseline of poles to be proactively retrofit. 
The existing-infrastructure baseline must include all poles that are 
not avian-safe for eagles located in areas identified by the applicant 
to be high risk to eagles and may also include other poles in the 
service area.
    <bullet> Reactive Retrofit Strategy--A plan to respond to incidents 
where eagles are electrocuted or killed. The reactive retrofit strategy 
must include information on how eagle electrocutions are detected and 
identified. Determining which poles to retrofit must be based on the 
risk to eagles and not on other factors (e.g., convenience or cost). 
The pole that caused the electrocution must be retrofitted unless the 
pole is already avian-safe. A total of 13 poles or a half-mile segment 
must be retrofitted, whichever is less, prioritizing the highest risk 
poles closest to the electrocution event.
    <bullet> Shooting Response Strategy--A plan that describes the 
process the permittee will follow when eagles are found killed or 
injured near power-line infrastructure to identify if shooting is 
suspected, to communicate with law enforcement, and to identify and 
implement appropriate shooting reduction measures.
    The Service will use the information collected via the form to 
track whether the take level is exceeded or is likely to be exceeded, 
to determine that the take is necessary, and that the take will be 
compatible with the preservation of eagles.
    b. (NEW) Form 3-200-91, ``Eagle Disturbance Take''--General and 
Specific--Applicants may apply for an eagle disturbance take permit if 
their activity may result in incidental

[[Page 9951]]

disturbance of bald eagles or golden eagles. General permits issued 
under this section are available only for certain activities that cause 
disturbance of bald eagles and are valid for a maximum of 1 year. 
General permits are not available for disturbance of nests located in 
Indian country (18 U.S.C. 1151), unless the Tribe is the applicant. 
Specific permits are intended for disturbance of a golden eagle nest, 
disturbance of a bald eagle nest by an activity not specified in 
paragraph (b) of Sec.  22.280, or disturbance of eagles caused by 
physical or functional elimination of all foraging area within a 
territory. The tenure of specific permits is set forth on the face of 
the permit and may not exceed 5 years. In addition to the standardized 
information required by 50 CFR 13.12, permit application requirements 
include submission of the following information:
    i. Requested permit type;
    ii. Description, duration, and location of the activity that is 
likely to cause disturbance to eagles;
    iii. Justification of why there is no practicable alternative to 
the activity that would protect the interest to be served;
    iv. Description of eagle use and activity in the area, location of 
eagle nests or roosts, and distance of nests and other important eagle 
use areas from the project;
    v. Identification of subpermittees, if applicable;
    vi. Records retention requirements;
    vii. Certification of activity's compliance with all Federal, 
Tribal, State, and local laws and regulations applicable to eagles; and
    viii. Permit disqualification factors, including information for 
any convictions, guilty pleas or nolo contendere, forfeited collateral, 
or pending charges for violations of laws cited in the permit 
application.
    General permit applications must also include the requested permit 
tenure and effective date and certification of general permit 
requirements. Additional information collected from specific permit 
applicants includes:
    i. Organization status (e.g., commercial or non-commercial);
    ii. Requested duration of the permit;
    iii. Assessment of impacts to eagles;
    iv. Description of implemented and proposed avoidance and 
minimization measures;
    v. Description of implemented and proposed compensatory mitigation 
for golden eagle nest disturbance, if applicable; and
    vi. Description of efforts to monitor for impacts to eagles.
    Permit applications associated with eagle disturbance take may 
require the following:
    <bullet> Monitoring--The permittee must monitor the nest to 
determine whether nestlings have fledged from the nest. We updated the 
burden for monitoring requirements associated with disturbance take in 
the separate monitoring information collection requirement.
    <bullet> Annual Report--Permittees must submit an annual report 
using Form 3-202-15. The annual report is due within 30 days of the 
expiration of the permit or prior to requesting renewal of the permit, 
whichever is first.
    The Service will use the information collected via the form to 
track whether the take level is exceeded or is likely to be exceeded, 
to determine that the take is necessary, and that the take will be 
compatible with the preservation of eagles.
    (4) Revision to Form 3-200-72--We are revising Form 3-200-72, 
``Eagle Nest Take'' as described below:
    Form 3-200-72 is used to apply for authorized take of bald eagle 
nests or golden eagle nests, including relocation, removal, and 
otherwise temporarily or permanently preventing eagles from using the 
nest structure for breeding under definitions in 50 CFR 22.300(b). 
General permits are available for bald eagle nest take for emergency, 
nest take for health and safety, or nest take for a human-engineered 
structure, or, if located in Alaska, other purposes. General permits 
may authorize bald eagle nest removal from the nesting substrate at the 
location requested and the location of any subsequent nesting attempts 
by the eagle pair within one-half mile of the location requested for 
the duration of the permit. Take of an additional eagle nest(s) more 
than one-half mile away requires additional permit(s). General permits 
are valid until the start of the next breeding season, not to exceed 1 
year. General permits are not available for take of nests located in 
Indian country (18 U.S.C. 1151), unless the Tribe is the applicant. 
Specific permits are required for take of a golden eagle nest for any 
purpose, take for species protection, and, except for Alaska, nest take 
for other purposes. The tenure of specific permits is set forth on the 
face of the permit and may not exceed 5 years.
    In addition to the standardized information required by 50 CFR 
13.12, permit application requirements include submission of the 
following information:
    a. Requested permit type;
    b. Description and location of the activity that will result in 
eagle nest take;
    c. Selected purpose of nest take;
    d. Justification of why there is no practicable alternative to the 
activity that would protect the interest to be served;
    e. Description of the nest(s), including species, location, and 
historic and current nest status;
    f. Description of nest removal, destruction, or relocation, 
including information related to re-nesting and donation of eagle nests 
and parts.
    g. Identification of subpermittees, if applicable;
    h. Records retention requirements;
    i. Certification of activity's compliance with all Federal, Tribal, 
State, and local laws and regulations applicable to eagles; and
    j. Permit disqualification factors, including information for any 
convictions, guilty pleas or nolo contendere, forfeited collateral, or 
pending charges for violations of laws cited in the permit application.
    General permit applications must also include the requested permit 
tenure and effective date and certification of general permit 
requirements. Additional information collected from specific permit 
applicants includes:
    i. Organization status (e.g., commercial or non-commercial);
    ii. Requested duration of the permit;
    iii. Assessment of impacts to eagles;
    iv. Description of implemented and proposed avoidance and 
minimization measures;
    v. Description of implemented and proposed compensatory mitigation 
for golden eagle nest take, if applicable;
    vi. Description of efforts to monitor for impacts to eagles; and
    vii. Description of method for removing nestlings or eggs and 
proposed disposition, if applicable.
    Permit applications associated with eagle nest take may require the 
following:
    <bullet> Monitoring--Permittees must remove chicks or eggs from an 
in-use nest for immediate transport to a foster nest, rehabilitation 
facility, or as otherwise directed by the Service. If nestlings or eggs 
are relocated with a nest or to a foster nest, the permittee must 
monitor the nest to ensure adults are tending to nestlings or eggs. We 
updated the burden for monitoring requirements associated with eagle 
nest take in the separate monitoring information collection 
requirement.
    <bullet> Annual Report--Permittees must submit an annual report 
using Form 3-202-16. The annual report is due within 30 days of the 
expiration of the permit

[[Page 9952]]

or prior to requesting renewal of the permit, whichever is first.
    <bullet> Species Protection--If a Federal, State, or Tribal agency 
applies for a nest take permit for species protection, they must 
provide documentation that describes relevant management efforts to 
protect the species of concern; identifies and describes how the 
nesting eagles are a limiting factor to recovery of the species using 
the best available scientific information and data; and explains how 
take of eagle nests is likely to have a positive effect on recovery for 
the species of concern.
    The Service will use the information collected via the form to 
track whether the take level is exceeded or is likely to be exceeded, 
to determine whether the take is necessary, and whether the take will 
be compatible with the preservation of eagles.
    (5) Permit Reviews--The Service removed the regulatory requirement 
for specific permits to mandate an administrative check-in with the 
Service at least every 5 years during the permit tenure. The Service 
introduced these mandatory 5-year permit reviews as part of the 2016 
Eagle Rule to ensure that the Service had an opportunity to ask for and 
review all existing data related to a long-term activity's impacts on 
eagles. The purpose of 5-year review is to update take estimates and 
related compensatory mitigation for the subsequent 5-year period. It 
also provides the Service with an opportunity to amend the permit to 
reduce or eliminate conservation measures or other permit conditions 
that prove to be ineffective or unnecessary. The purpose of these 
reviews does not change with this rulemaking. However, the 5-year 
requirement has introduced unintended uncertainty which, according to 
public comment, has reduced participation in eagle take permitting 
under the 2016 regulations. It has also resulted in timing issues, 
where post-construction monitoring or other data is available off-cycle 
from the 5-year timing (e.g., year 3 or 4) but cannot be used until the 
scheduled check-in. Instead, check-ins may now be initiated by the 
permittee or the Service in response to events that warrant review, for 
example, updating fatality estimates and associated compensatory 
mitigation requirements or revising permit conditions to reflect the 
best available science.
    (6) Reporting Requirements--Submission of reports is generally on 
an annual basis, although some are dependent on specific transactions. 
Additional monitoring and report requirements exist for permits issued 
under 50 CFR part 22. Permittees must submit an annual report for every 
year the permit is valid and for up to 3 years after the activity is 
completed.
    a. (New Reporting Requirement) Report Take of Eagles (3rd and 4th 
Eagles) (50 CFR 22.250(d)(2) and (d)(3))--Permittees must notify the 
Service in writing within 2 weeks of discovering the take of a third or 
fourth bald eagle or a third or fourth golden eagle. The notification 
must include the reporting data required in their permit conditions, 
their adaptive management plan, and a description and justification of 
which adaptive management approaches they will be implementing. Upon 
notification of the take of the fourth bald eagle or fourth golden 
eagle, the project will remain authorized to incidentally take eagles 
through the term of the existing general permit but will not be 
eligible for future general permits.
    (7) (NEW) Audits--The Service will conduct audits of general 
permits to ensure permittees are appropriately interpreting and 
applying eligibility criteria and complying with permit conditions. 
Audits may include reviewing application materials for completeness and 
general permit eligibility. Any required records, plans, or other 
documents will be requested of the permittee and reviewed. If there is 
a compliance concern, the applicant will be given the opportunity to 
submit additional information to address the concern. If, during an 
audit, the Service determines that the permittee is not eligible for a 
general permit or is out of compliance with general permit conditions, 
we will communicate to the permittee options for coming into 
compliance.
    (8) (NEW--Existing In Use Without OMB Approval) Labeling 
Requirement--Regulations at 50 CFR 22.4 require all shipments 
containing bald or golden eagles, alive or dead, their parts, nests, or 
eggs to be labeled. The shipments must be labeled with the name and 
address of the person the shipment is going to, the name and address of 
the person the shipment is coming from, an accurate list of contents by 
species, and the name of each species.
    (9) (NEW--Existing In Use Without OMB Approval) Requests for 
Reconsideration Associated with Eagle Permits (Suspension and 
Revocation)--Persons notified of the Service's intention to suspend or 
revoke their permit may request reconsideration by complying with the 
following:
    <bullet> Within 45 calendar days of the date of notification, 
submit their request for reconsideration to the issuing officer in 
writing, signed by the person requesting reconsideration or by the 
legal representative of that person.
    <bullet> The request for reconsideration must state the decision 
for which reconsideration is being requested and shall state the 
reason(s) for the reconsideration, including presenting any new 
information or facts pertinent to the issue(s) raised by the request 
for reconsideration.
    <bullet> The request for reconsideration must contain a 
certification in substantially the same form as that provided by 50 CFR 
13.12(a)(5). If a request for reconsideration does not contain that 
certification, but is otherwise timely and appropriate, the Service 
will hold the request and give the person submitting the request 
written notice of the need to submit the certification within 15 
calendar days. Failure to submit certification will result in the 
Service rejecting the request as insufficient in form and content.
    (10) (NEW--Existing In Use Without OMB Approval) Compensatory 
Mitigation (Sec.  22.220)--Any permit authorizing take that would 
exceed the applicable EMU take limit will require compensatory 
mitigation, except in circumstances where the action is considered in 
the best interest of an eagle. Compensatory mitigation for this purpose 
must ensure the preservation of the affected eagle species by 
mitigating an amount equal to or greater than the authorized or 
expected take. Compensatory mitigation must either reduce another 
ongoing form of mortality or increase the eagle population of the 
affected species. Compensatory mitigation for golden eagles must be 
performed at a 1.2:1 (mitigation: take) ratio. A permit may require 
compensatory mitigation when the Service determines, according to the 
best available information, that the take authorized by the permitted 
activity is not consistent with maintaining the persistence of the 
local area population of an eagle species.
    The Service must approve types of compensatory mitigation and may 
include conservation banks, in-lieu fee programs, or permittee-
responsible mitigation as mitigation providers. General permittees meet 
this requirement by obtaining required credits from a Service-approved, 
third-party mitigation provider. Specific permittees can meet this 
requirement by obtaining required credits from a Service-approved, 
third-party mitigation provider or meeting the requirements to be a 
permittee-responsible mitigation provider as described in 50 CFR 
22.220(c)(2). Third-party mitigation providers, such as in-lieu fee 
programs

[[Page 9953]]

and conservation banks, obtain Service approval by meeting the 
requirements to be a mitigation provider as described in 50 CFR 
22.220(c)(2).
    To obtain approval as a mitigation provider, potential providers 
must submit a mitigation plan to the Service that demonstrates how the 
standards in 50 CFR 22.220(b) will be met. At a minimum, this must 
include a description of the mitigation, the benefit to eagles, the 
locations where projects will be implemented, the EMU and local area 
population affected, the number of credits provided, and an explanation 
of the rationale for the number of eagle credits provided. The Service 
must approve the mitigation plan prior to implementation.
    (11) (NEW--Existing In Use Without OMB Approval) Single Application 
for Multiple Activities (50 CFR 13.11(d)(1))--If regulations require 
more than one type of permit for an activity and permits are issued by 
the same office, the issuing office may issue one consolidated permit. 
Applicants may submit a single application in these cases, provided the 
single application contains all the information required by the 
separate applications for each permitted activity. In instances where 
the Service consolidates more than one permitted activity into one 
permit, the issuing office will charge the highest single fee for the 
activity permitted. Administration fees are not waived for single 
applications covering multiple activities.
    We have renewed the existing reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements identified below:
    (1) Form 3-200-14, ``Eagle Exhibition''--This form is used to apply 
for a permit to possess and use eagles and eagle specimens for 
educational purposes. In addition to the standardized information 
required by 50 CFR 13.12, permit application requirements include 
submission of the following information: type of eagle(s) or eagle 
specimens; status of other required authorizations (State, Tribal, 
local); description of the programs that will be offered and how the 
eagles will be displayed; experience of handlers; and information about 
enclosures, diet, and enrichment for the eagles. The Service uses the 
information collected via the form to determine whether the eagles are 
legally acquired and will be used for bona fide conservation education, 
and in the case of live eagles, will be housed and handled under safe 
and healthy conditions.
    (2) Form 3-200-15a, ``Eagle Parts for Native American Religious 
Purposes''--This application form is used by enrolled members of 
federally recognized Tribes to obtain authorization to acquire and 
possess eagle feathers and parts from the Service's National Eagle 
Repository (NER). The permittee also uses the form to make additional 
requests for eagle parts and feathers from the NER. The form collects 
the following information: name of the Tribe; Tribal enrollment number 
of the individual applicant; a signed Certification of Enrollment; 
inmate-specific information in cases where applicants are incarcerated 
(inmate number, institution, contact information for the institute's 
chaplain); and the specific eagle parts and/or feathers desired by the 
applicant. The Service uses the information collected via the form to 
verify that the applicant is an enrolled member of a federally 
recognized Tribe, and what parts and/or feathers the applicant is 
requesting.
    (3) Form 3-200-16, ``Take of Depredating Eagles & Eagles that Pose 
a Risk to Human or Eagle Health or Safety--Annual Report''--Applicants 
use this form to obtain authorization to take (trap, collect, haze) 
eagles that depredate on wildlife or livestock, as well as eagles 
situated where they pose a threat to human or their own safety. In 
addition to the standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, 
permit application requirements include submission of the following 
information: status of other required authorizations (State, Tribal, 
local); the species and estimated number of eagles causing the problem; 
what the damage or risk consists of; location; method of take; 
alternatives taken that were not effective; and a description of the 
proposed long-term remedy. The Service uses the information collected 
via the form to determine whether the take is necessary to protect the 
relevant interests; other alternatives have been considered; and the 
method of take is humane and compatible with the preservation of 
eagles.
    (4) Form 3-200-18, ``Take of Golden Eagle Nests During Resource 
Development or Recovery''--This application is used by commercial 
entities engaged in resource development or recovery operations, such 
as mining or drilling, to obtain authorization to remove or destroy 
golden eagle nests. In addition to the standardized information 
required by 50 CFR 13.12, permit application requirements include 
submission of the following information: location of the property; the 
status of other required authorizations; the type of development or 
recovery operation; the number of nests to be taken; the activity that 
involves the take of the nest; the disposition of the nests once 
removed (or destroyed); the duration for which the authorization is 
requested; and a description of the mitigation measures that will be 
implemented. The Service uses the information collected via the form to 
determine whether the take is necessary and will be compatible with the 
preservation of eagles.
    (5) Form 3-200-77, ``Native American Eagle Take for Religious 
Purposes''--Federally recognized Native American Tribes use this form 
to apply for authorization to take eagles from the wild for Tribal 
religious purposes. In addition to the standardized information 
required by 50 CFR 13.12, permit application requirements include 
submission of the following information: status of other required 
authorizations; location of proposed take; statement of consent by the 
land owner or land manager if not on Tribal land; species, number, and 
age class of eagles; whether the eagles will be collected alive and 
held in captivity; intended disposition of parts and feathers; and the 
reason why eagles obtained by other means do not meet the Tribe's 
religious needs. The Service uses the information obtained via the form 
to determine whether the take is necessary to meet the Tribe's 
religious needs, they received consent of the landowner, the take is 
compatible with the preservation of eagles, and any eagles kept alive 
will be held under humane conditions.
    (6) Form 3-200-78, ``Native American Tribal Eagle Aviary''--
Federally recognized Native American Tribes use this form to apply for 
authorization to keep live eagles for Tribal religious purposes. In 
addition to the standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, 
permit application requirements include submission of the following 
information: descriptions, photographs and/or diagrams of the 
enclosures where the eagles will be housed, and number of eagles that 
will be kept in each; status of other required authorizations; names 
and eagle-handling experience of caretakers; veterinarian who will 
provide medical care; and description of the diet and enrichment the 
Tribe will provide the eagles. The Service uses the information 
collected via the form to ensure the Tribe has the appropriate 
facilities and experience to keep live eagles safely and humanely.
    (7) Form 3-200-82, ``Bald Eagle or Golden Eagle Transport into the 
United States for Scientific or Exhibition Purposes''--This application 
is used by researchers and museums to obtain authorization to 
temporarily bring eagle specimens into, or take those specimens out of, 
the United States. In addition to

[[Page 9954]]

the standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, permit 
application requirements include submission of the following 
information: documentation that the specimen was legally obtained; 
documentation that the applicant meets the definition of a ``public'' 
institution as required under statute; status of other required 
authorizations (State, Tribal, local); description of the specimen(s); 
country of origin; name of and contact information for the foreign 
institution; scientific or exhibition purposes for the transport of 
specimens; locations where the item will be exhibited (if applicable); 
dates and ports of departure/arrival; and names of persons acting as 
agents for the applicant. The Service uses the information collected 
via the form to ensure the specimens were legally acquired and will be 
transported through U.S. ports that can legally authorize the 
transport, the transport will be temporary, as required by statute, and 
the specimens will be used for purposes authorized by statute.
    (8) Form 3-1552 ``Native American Tribal Eagle Retention''--A 
Federal Eagle Remains Tribal Use permit authorizes a federally 
recognized Tribe to acquire, possess, and distribute to Tribal members 
whole eagle remains found by a Tribal member or employee on the Tribe's 
Tribal land for Indian religious use. The applicant must be a federally 
recognized Tribal entity under the Federally Recognized Tribal List Act 
of 1994, 25 U.S.C. 479a-1, 108 Stat. 4791 (1994). In addition to the 
standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, the form also 
collects the following information: name of the Tribe; name and contact 
information for the Tribal leader and primary contact person; whether 
the Tribe has already discovered an eagle to hold under the permit; and 
if different than what's listed for the primary contact, the address of 
the physical location where records will be kept. The Service uses the 
information collected via the form to identify which Tribe is applying 
for the permit and to inform the Service as to whether the Tribe is 
applying before or subsequent to finding the first eagle they want to 
retain, allowing the Service to choose the appropriate course of 
action.
    (9) Form 3-1591, ``Tribal Eagle Retention--Acquisition Form''--This 
form provides the Service information needed to track the chain of 
custody of eagle remains and ensure the Tribe takes possession of them 
as authorized under the permit. The first part of the form (completed 
by a Service Office of Law Enforcement (OLE) Officer) collects: 
species; sex; age class of eagle; date and location discovered; date 
the information was reported to track eagle mortalities; date the 
remains were transferred to the Tribe; name and contact information for 
the Tribe; and OLE officer name and contact information. The second 
part of the form (competed by the Tribe) collects: permit number; date 
the Tribe took possession of the eagle; and Principal Tribal Officer's 
name, title, and contact information.
    (10) Form 3-2480, ``Eagle Recovery Tag''--The form is used to track 
dead eagles as they move through the process of laboratory examination 
to determine cause of death and are sent to the NER for distribution to 
Native Americans for use in religious ceremonies. In addition to the 
standardized information required by 50 CFR 13.12, the form also 
collects the following information: U.S. Geological Survey band data; 
unique ID number assigned; mortality date; species, age, and sex of the 
eagle; date recovered; name of person(s) who found and recovered the 
eagle; and names and contact information of persons who received the 
eagle throughout the chain of custody. The Service uses the information 
collected to maintain chain of custody for law enforcement and 
scientific purposes.
    (11) Form 3-202-11, ``Take of Depredating Eagles & Eagles that Pose 
a Risk to Human or Eagle Health or Safety--Annual Report''--Permittees 
use this form to report the outcome of their action involving take of 
depredating eagles or eagles that pose a risk to human or eagle health 
or safety. The form collects the following information: species, 
location, date of take, number of eagles, method of take, and final 
disposition. The Service uses the information reported via the form to 
ascertain whether the planned take was implemented, track how much 
authorized take occurred in the eagle management unit and local 
population area, and verify the disposition of any eagles taken under 
the permit.
    (12) Form 3-202-13, ``Eagle Exhibition--Annual Report''--Permittees 
use this form to report activities conducted under an Eagle Exhibition 
Permit for both Live and Dead Eagles. The form collects the following 
information: list of eagles and eagle specimens held under the permit 
during the reporting year, and, for each, the date acquired or disposed 
of; from whom acquired or to whom transferred; total number of programs 
each eagle was used in, or if statically displayed (e.g., in a museum 
setting), the number of days the facility was open to the public. The 
Service uses the information reported through this form to verify that 
eagles held under the permit are used for conservation education.
    (13) Form 3-202-14, ``Native American Tribal Eagle Aviary--Annual 
Report''--Permittees use this form to report activities conducted under 
a Native American Eagle Aviary Permit. The form collects the following 
information: a list of eagles held under the permit during the 
reporting year, and, for each, the date acquired or disposed of; from 
whom acquired or to whom transferred; or other disposition. The Service 
uses the information collected via the form to track the live eagles 
held by federally recognized Tribes for spiritual and cultural 
practices.
    (14) Monitoring Requirements--Most permits that authorize take of 
eagles or eagle nests require monitoring. We do not require monitoring 
for intentional take, including when Native American Tribes take an 
eagle as part of a religious ceremony or when falconers trap golden 
eagles that are depredating on livestock. A fundamental purpose of 
monitoring under eagle take permits is to track levels of take for 
population management. For disturbance permits, monitoring also 
provides information about whether the permitted activity actually 
disturbed eagles, allowing the Service to better understand when these 
types of permits may not be needed.
    In addition to tracking take at population management scales, the 
Service uses data from monitoring lethal take permits to adjust 
authorized take levels, compensatory mitigation requirements, and 
avoidance and minimization measures as spelled out under the terms of 
the permit. With regard to wind industry permits, these data also 
enable the Service to improve future fatality estimates through 
enhanced understanding of exposure and collision.
    (15) Required Notifications--Most permits that authorize take or 
possession of eagles require a timely notification to the Service by 
email or phone when an eagle possessed under a possession permit or 
taken under a permit to take eagles dies or is found dead. These 
fatalities are later recorded in reports submitted to the Service as 
described above. The timely notifications allow the Service to better 
track take and possession levels, and to ensure eagle remains are sent 
to either a forensics lab or the NER. Incidental take permittees are 
also required to notify the Service via email or phone if a threatened 
or endangered species is found in the vicinity of the activity for 
which take is permitted. There is no notification requirement for that 
beyond reporting each occurrence where take is discovered to have 
occurred. The

[[Page 9955]]

Service tracks whether the take level is exceeded or is likely to be 
exceeded.
    (16) Recordkeeping Requirements--As required by 50 CFR 13.46, 
permittees must keep records of the activity as it relates to eagles 
and any data gathered through surveys and monitoring, including records 
associated with the required internal incident reporting system for 
bald eagle and golden eagle remains found and the disposition of the 
remains. This information retained by permittees is described above 
under reporting requirements.
    (17) Amendments--Amendments to a permit may be requested by the 
permittee, or the Service may amend a permit for just cause upon a 
written finding of necessity. Amendments comprise changes to the permit 
authorization or conditions. Those changes may include an increase or 
decrease in the authorized take or possession of eagles, proposed 
adjustment of permit conditions, or changes to the activity involving 
eagles. The permit will specify circumstances under which the Service 
will require modifications to avoidance, minimization, or compensatory 
mitigation measures or monitoring protocols, which may include, but are 
not limited to take levels, location of take, and/or changes in eagle 
use of the activity area.
    At a minimum, the permit must specify actions to be taken if take 
approaches or reaches the amount authorized and anticipated within a 
given timeframe. The permittee applies for amendments to the permit by 
submitting a description of the modified activity and the changed 
conditions affecting eagles. Substantive amendments incur a processing 
fee. A permittee is not required to pay a processing fee for minor 
changes, such as the legal individual or business name or mailing 
address of the permittee. A permittee is required to notify the issuing 
office within 10 calendar days of minor changes.
    (18) Transfers--In general, permits issued under 50 CFR part 22 are 
not transferable. However, when authorized, permits issued under Sec.  
22.80 may be transferred by the transferee providing written assurances 
of sufficient funding of the avoidance and minimization measures and 
commitment to carry out the terms and conditions of the permit.
    Copies of the draft forms are available to the public by submitting 
a request to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer using 
one of the methods identified in ADDRESSES.
    Title of Collection: Eagle Permits and Fees, 50 CFR parts 10, 13, 
and 22.
    OMB Control Number: 1018-0167.
    Form Numbers: FWS Forms 3-200-14, 3-200-15a, 3-200-16, 3-200-18, 3-
200-71, 3-200-72, 3-200-77, 3-200-78, 3-200-82, 3-202-11, 3-202-13, 3-
202-14, 3-202-15, 3-202-16, 3-1552, 3-1591, 3-2480, 3-202-91 (New).
    Type of Review: Revision of a currently approved collection.
    Respondents/Affected Public: Individuals, businesses, and State/
local/Tribal governments. We expect the majority of applicants seeking 
permits will be in the energy production and electrical distribution 
business.
    Total Estimated Number of Annual Respondents: 8,406.
    Total Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 8,406.
    Estimated Completion Time per Response: Varies from 15 minutes to 
200 hours, depending on activity.
    Total Estimated Number of Annual Burden Hours: 32,882.
    Respondent's Obligation: Required to obtain or retain a benefit.
    Frequency of Collection: On occasion for applications; annually or 
on occasion for reports.
    Total Estimated Annual Non-hour Burden Cost: $1,737,460 (primarily 
associated with application processing and administrative fees).
    On September 30, 2022, we published in the Federal Register (87 FR 
59598) a proposed rule (RIN 1018-BE70) that announced our intention to 
request OMB approval of the revisions to this collection explained 
above and the simultaneous renewal of OMB Control No. 1018-0167. In 
that proposed rule, we solicited comments for 60 days on the 
information collections in this submission, ending on November 29, 
2022. Summaries of comments addressing the information collections 
contained in this rule, as well as the agency response to those 
comments, can be found in the Response to Public Comments section of 
this rule, as well as in the information collection request submitted 
to OMB on the RegInfo.gov website (https://www.reginfo.gov/public/).
    As part of our continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent 
burdens, we invite the public and other Federal agencies to comment on 
any aspect of this information collection, including:
    (1) Whether or not the collection of information is necessary for 
the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including 
whether or not the information will have practical utility;
    (2) The accuracy of our estimate of the burden for this collection 
of information, including the validity of the methodology and 
assumptions used;
    (3) Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected; and
    (4) How the agency might minimize the burden of the collection of 
information on those who are to respond, including through the use of 
appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological 
collection techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., 
permitting electronic submission of response.
    Send your written comments and suggestions on this information 
collection by the date indicated in DATES to https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. Find this particular information collection by 
selecting ``Currently under 30-day Review--Open for Public Comments'' 
or by using the search function. Please provide a copy of your comments 
to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, MS: PRB/PERMA (JAO), 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls 
Church, VA 22041-3803 (mail); or by email to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#531a3d353c0c103c3f3f133524207d343c25"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c58caba3aa9a86aaa9a985a3b2b6eba2aab3">[email protected]</span></a>. Please 
reference OMB Control Number 1018-0167 in the subject line of your 
comments.

National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)

    We evaluated the environmental impacts of the changes to the 
regulations and completed an environmental assessment and finding of no 
significant impact. The FONSI is the final step in the NEPA process for 
this eagle rule revision process. The FONSI and final environmental 
assessment are available in Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2020-0023 (available 
at https://www.regulations.gov).

Endangered and Threatened Species

    Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 
U.S.C. 1531-43), requires Federal agencies to ``ensure that any action 
authorized, funded, or carried out . . . is not likely to jeopardize 
the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species 
or result in the destruction or adverse modification of [critical] 
habitat'' (16 U.S.C. 1536(a)(2)). Intra-Service consultations and 
conferences consider the effects of the Service's actions on listed 
species, species proposed for listing, and candidate species. Our final 
action of issuing our regulations regarding take of non-ESA-listed 
eagles does not authorize, fund, or carry out any activity that may 
affect--directly or indirectly--any ESA-listed species or their 
critical habitat. See, e.g., Sierra Club v. Bureau of Land Mgmt., 786 
F.3d 1219 (9th Cir. 2015). Indeed,

[[Page 9956]]

the Eagle Act does not empower us to authorize, fund, or carry out 
project activities by third parties. The Eagle Act empowers us to 
authorize take of bald and golden eagles. Thus, we have determined 
these revisions have no effect on any listed species, species proposed 
for listing, or candidate species or their critical habitat. As a 
result, section 7 consultation is not required on this rulemaking 
action. As appropriate, we will conduct project-specific, intra-Service 
section 7 consultations in the future if our proposed act of issuing a 
permit for take of eagles may affect ESA-listed species or critical 
habitat.

Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes

    In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, 
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal 
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), E.O. 13175, and the Department of the 
Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our 
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal 
Tribes on a government-to-government basis. In accordance with 
Secretary's Order 3206 of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal Rights, 
Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act), 
we readily acknowledge our responsibilities to work directly with 
Tribes in developing programs for healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge 
that Tribal lands are not subject to the same controls as Federal 
public lands, to remain sensitive to Indian culture, and to make 
information available to Tribes. Although we do not consider this 
rulemaking as having Tribal implications according to E.O. 13175 
because it is not likely to have ``substantial direct effects'' on any 
particular Tribe, we conducted Tribal outreach and invited government-
to-government consultation as if it does.
    The Service provided written notification to Tribes about the ANPR 
and the proposed rule and offered government-to-government 
consultation. The Service conducted Tribal informational webinars on 
October 14 and 21, 2021, during the ANPR public comment period as well 
as prior to publication of the proposed rule. Seven Tribal 
representatives provided written comments. The Service conducted two 
additional Tribal informational webinars on October 19 and November 2, 
2022, during the proposed rule public comment period as well as 
bilateral information sessions when requested by Tribes. Tribal 
consulation was requested by one Tribe, which was conducted in 
September 2023. No other Tribes requested consultation with the 
Service. The Service conducted a final Tribal informational webinar on 
December 12, 2023, regarding the changes the Service made in developing 
the final rule. Eleven Tribal representatives provided written 
comments. As described earlier in this preamble, we have revised the 
proposed regulations in response to these comments.
    The Service acknowledges our Federal Tribal trust responsibilities 
and deeply honors our sovereign nation-to-nation relationship with 
Tribes. Throughout all phases of the rulemaking process, the Service 
has encouraged and welcomed Tribal engagement, including government-to-
government consultation. To date, we have conducted one government-to-
government consultation. We invite further bilateral government-to-
government consultation at any time.

Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (E.O. 13211)

    E.O. 13211 requires agencies to prepare statements of energy 
effects when undertaking certain actions. This rule is a significant 
regulatory action under E.O. 12866; however, it will not significantly 
affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. The permitting process 
streamlines permitting for wind energy and power distribution; 
therefore, the rule is intended to ease any administrative burden on 
energy development and will not impact it negatively. Therefore, this 
action is not a significant energy action, and no statement of energy 
effects is required.

List of Subjects

50 CFR Part 13

    Administrative practice and procedure, Exports, Fish, Imports, 
Plants, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Transportation, 
Wildlife.

50 CFR Part 22

    Exports, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Transportation, Wildlife.

Regulation Promulgation

    Accordingly, we hereby amend parts 13 and 22 of subchapter B of 
chapter I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth 
below:

PART 13--GENERAL PERMIT PROCEDURES

0
1. The authority citation for part 13 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a, 704, 712, 742j-l, 1374(g), 1382, 
1538(d), 1539, 1540(f), 3374, 4901-4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 
1202; 31 U.S.C. 9701.


0
2. Revise Sec.  13.5 to read as follows:


Sec.  13.5  Information collection requirements.

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the 
information collection requirements contained in part 13 and assigned 
OMB Control Numbers 1018-0022, 1018-0070, 1018-0092, 1018-0093, or 
1018-0167 (unless otherwise indicated). Federal agencies may not 
conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a 
collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB 
control number. Direct comments regarding the burden estimates or any 
other aspect of the information collection to the Service's Information 
Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

0
3. Amend Sec.  13.11 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3)(i); and
0
b. In the table in paragraph (d)(4):
0
i. Removing the 15 entries under ``Bald and Golden Eagle Protection 
Act'' and adding 17 new entries in their place; and
0
ii. Revising the footnote 1.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  13.11  Application procedures.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) If regulations in this subchapter require more than one type of 
permit for an activity and the permits are issued by the same office, 
the issuing office may issue one consolidated permit authorizing take 
caused by the activity in accordance with Sec.  13.1. You may submit a 
single application in these cases, provided that the single application 
contains all the information required by the separate applications for 
each activity. Where more than one activity is consolidated into one 
permit, the issuing office will charge the highest single fee for the 
activity for which take is permitted. Administration fees are not 
waived.
    (3) * * *
    (i) We will not charge a permit application fee to any Federal, 
Tribal, State, or local government agency or to any individual or 
institution acting on behalf of that agency, except administration fees 
for permits issued under subpart E of part 22 of this subchapter will 
not be waived. If you fail to submit evidence of agency status with 
your application, we will require the submission of all processing fees 
prior to the acceptance of the

[[Page 9957]]

application for processing, unless otherwise authorized or waived.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Permit
        Type of permit                CFR citation         application fee     Administration     Amendment fee
                                                                 \1\              fee \2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eagle Scientific Collecting...  50 CFR part 22..........  100..............
Eagle Exhibition..............  50 CFR part 22..........  75...............
Eagle--Native American          50 CFR part 22..........  No fee...........
 Religious Purposes.
Eagle Depredation Permit......  50 CFR part 22..........  100..............
Golden Eagle Nest Take........  50 CFR part 22..........  100..............  .................  50.
Eagle Transport--Scientific or  50 CFR part 22..........  75...............
 Exhibition.
Eagle Transport--Native         50 CFR part 22..........  No fee...........
 American Religious Purposes.
General Eagle Permit--          50 CFR part 22..........  100..............
 Disturbance Take.
Specific Eagle Permit--         50 CFR part 22..........  Commercial--2,500  .................  Commercial--500;
 Disturbance Take.                                         ; Noncommercial--                     Noncommercial--
                                                           500.                                  150.
General Eagle Permit--Nest      50 CFR part 22..........  100..............
 Take.
Specific Eagle Permit--Nest     50 CFR part 22..........  Commercial--2,500  .................  Commercial--500;
 Take (Single nest).                                       ; Noncommercial--                     Noncommercial--
                                                           500.                                  150.
Specific Eagle Permit Eagle--   50 CFR part 22..........  5,000............  .................  500.
 Nest Take (Multiple nests).
General Eagle Permit--          50 CFR part 22..........  1,000............  Non-Investor
 Incidental Take (Power lines).                                               Owned--2,500;
                                                                              Investor Owned--
                                                                              10,000.
General Eagle Permit--          50 CFR part 22..........  1,000............  Distributed and
 Incidental Take (Wind energy).                                               Community Scale--
                                                                              2,500; Utility
                                                                              Scale--10,000.
Specific Eagle Permit--         50 CFR part 22..........  Tier 1--18,000;    10,000...........  500.
 Incidental Take.                                          Tier 2--26,000.
Eagle Take--Exempted under ESA  50 CFR part 22..........  .................  No fee...........
Transfer of a Subpart E Eagle   50 CFR part 22..........  1,000............
 Permit.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ A reimbursable agreement may be required for specific eagle permits to cover the costs above estimated staff-
  hours.
\2\ An administration fee will be assessed at the time of application, in addition to the application fee.

* * * * *

0
4. Amend Sec.  13.12 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a)(1)(ii); and
0
b. In table 1 to paragraph (b), removing the 8 entries under ``Eagle 
Permits'' and adding in their place 10 new entries.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  13.12  General information requirements on applications for 
permits.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) If the applicant is an individual, the date of birth, 
occupation, and any business, agency, organizational, or institutional 
affiliation associated with the wildlife or plants to be covered by the 
license or permit; or
* * * * *
    (b) * * *

                        Table 1 to Paragraph (b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Type of permit                           Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
Eagle permits:
    Scientific or exhibition..............  22.50.
    Indian religious use..................  22.60.
    Falconry purposes.....................  22.70.
    Depredation and protection of health    22.100.
     and safety.
    Permits for incidental take of eagles.  22.200 or 22.210.
    Permits for incidental take of eagles   22.200 or 22.210.
     by power lines.
    Permits for disturbance take of eagles  22.200 or 22.210.
    Permits for nest take of eagle........  22.200 or 22.210.
    Permits for golden eagle nest take for  22.325.
     resource recovery operations.
    Permits for bald eagle take exempted    22.400.
     under the Endangered Species Act.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  13.24  [Amended]

0
5. Amend Sec.  13.24 in paragraph (c) introductory text by removing 
``Sec.  22.80 of this subchapter B'' and adding in its place ``part 22, 
subpart E, of this subchapter''.


Sec.  13.25  [Amended]

0
6. Amend Sec.  13.25 in paragraphs (b) introductory text and (f) by 
removing ``Sec.  22.80 of this subchapter B'' and adding in its place 
``part 22, subpart E, of this subchapter''.

PART 22--EAGLE PERMITS

0
7. The authority citation for part 22 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668-668d; 703-712; 1531-1544.


[[Page 9958]]



0
8. Amend Sec.  22.6 by:
0
a. Revising the definitions of ``Eagle management unit (EMU)'' and 
``Eagle nest'';
0
b. Adding in alphabetic order a definition for ``General permit'';
0
c. Revising the definition of ``In-use nest''; and
0
d. Adding in alphabetic order a definition of ``Incidental take''.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  22.6  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Eagle management unit (EMU) means a geographically bounded region 
within which permitted take is regulated to meet the management goal of 
maintaining stable or increasing breeding populations of bald eagles or 
golden eagles.
    (1) The Atlantic EMU is Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, 
Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, 
Virginia, and West Virginia.
    (2) The Mississippi EMU is Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, 
Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, 
Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.
    (3) The Central EMU is Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, 
Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas; portions of Colorado, New Mexico, 
and Wyoming east of the Continental Divide; and portions of Montana 
east of Hill, Chouteau, Cascade, Meagher, and Park Counties.
    (4) The Pacific EMU is Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, 
Oregon, Utah, Washington; portions of Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming 
west of the Continental Divide; and in Montana Hill, Chouteau, Cascade, 
Meagher, and Park Counties and all counties west of those counties.
    (5) An EMU may be further divided between north and south along the 
40th Parallel.
    Eagle nest means any assemblage of materials built, maintained, or 
used by bald eagles or golden eagles for the purpose of reproduction. 
An eagle nest remains an eagle nest until it becomes so diminished, or 
the nest substrate upon which it is built fails, that the nest is no 
longer usable and is not likely to become usable to eagles, as 
determined by a Federal, Tribal, or State eagle biologist.
* * * * *
    General permit means a permit that has nationwide or regional 
standard conditions for a category, or categories, of activities that 
are substantially similar in nature.
* * * * *
    In-use nest means a bald eagle or golden eagle nest that contains 
one or more viable eggs or dependent young, or, for golden eagles only, 
has had adult eagles on the nest within the past 10 days during the 
breeding season.
    Incidental take means take that is foreseeable and results from, 
but is not the purpose of, an activity.
* * * * *

0
9. Amend Sec.  22.12 by adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  22.12  Illegal activities.

* * * * *
    (c) Application for a permit does not release you from liability 
for any take that occurs prior to issuance of, or outside the terms of, 
a permit.

0
10. Revise the heading of subpart C to read as follows:

Subpart C--Eagle Possession Permit Provisions


Sec.  22.80  [Removed and Reserved]

0
11. Remove and reserve Sec.  22.80.


Sec.  22.85  [Removed and Reserved]

0
12. Remove and reserve Sec.  22.85.

0
13. Add subpart E to read as follows:

Subpart E--Take of Eagles for Other Interests

Sec.
22.200 Specific permits.
22.210 General permits.
22.215 Conditions of permits.
22.220 Compensatory mitigation.
22.250 Permits for incidental take of eagles by wind energy 
projects.
22.260 Permits for incidental take of eagles by power lines.
22.280 Permits for disturbance take of eagles.
22.300 Permits for take of eagle nests.


Sec.  22.200  Specific permits.

    (a) Purpose. Specific permits authorize the take of bald eagles or 
golden eagles for other interests by activities that are described in 
the regulations in this subpart. Proponents of projects may apply for a 
specific permit if they do not meet eligibility criteria for general 
permits described in--or are conducting an activity not identified in--
Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  22.280, or Sec.  22.300. Specific 
permits may be recommended by the Service or requested by entities that 
are eligible for but do not want to obtain a general permit.
    (b) Eligibility. To qualify for a specific permit, you must be 
conducting an activity identified in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  
22.280, or Sec.  22.300. You must also meet any eligibility 
requirements identified in the relevant section.
    (1) Permits are issued to the individual or entity conducting the 
activity, such as the owner or manager of the entity conducting the 
activity. The applicant is responsible for compliance with the permit 
and must have the authority to implement the required permit 
conditions.
    (2) Contractors or consultants may assist in completing 
applications or conducting work as a subpermittee but may not be a 
permit holder.
    (3) Applicants may not break down a project into small parts to 
minimize the activity.
    (4) Applicants may not combine projects if the activities are not 
readily identifiable as being part of the same project. If you want to 
obtain a consolidated permit for multiple activities, you must first 
submit a separate application for each project and request the Service 
determine if it is appropriate to consolidate permits.
    (5) Specific permits are issued to a single permit holder. If 
multiple entities operate a joint project and want to obtain joint 
authorization, the application must designate one entity as the permit 
holder and that entity must accept the legal liability for the other 
entities. The other entities must grant sufficient authority to the 
permit holder to carry out any activities required under the permit.
    (6) Upon receipt of your application for a specific permit, the 
Service may direct you to apply for a general permit or determine that 
a permit is not required. The Service will provide a letter of 
authorization to keep in your records.
    (7) For existing wind energy projects only, projects that are not 
eligible for a general permit for incidental take of eagles (Sec.  
22.250) may request a Letter of Authorization from the Service to apply 
for a general permit. The Service will review and determine if eagle 
risk at the project is consistent with the risk expected for general 
permits. To request review, you must submit a specific permit 
application and request a determination for general permit eligibility. 
Your administration fee will not be refunded to cover the cost of 
conducting this review. The application fee may be refunded (50 CFR 
13.11(d)(1)).
    (c) How to apply for a specific permit. (1) Submit a completed 
application form as specified in Sec.  22.250(a), Sec.  22.260(a), 
Sec.  22.280(a), or Sec.  22.300(a), as applicable, or Form 3-200-71 if 
the activity does not correspond with a particular permit type. Submit 
forms to the Regional

[[Page 9959]]

Director of the region where you will conduct your activity. If your 
activity spans multiple regions, submit your application to the region 
of your U.S. mailing address, and the Service will assign the 
appropriate administering region. You can find the current contact 
information for Regional Directors in Sec.  2.2 of subchapter A of this 
chapter.
    (2) Your application must include:
    (i) A description of the activity that will cause the take to be 
authorized, including the location, seasonality, and duration of the 
activity.
    (A) If applying under Sec.  22.250 for wind energy projects, that 
description must include the number of turbines, rotor diameter, hub 
height, location coordinates of each turbine, and the datum of these 
coordinates.
    (B) If applying under Sec.  22.260 for power lines, include the 
State and county(ies) of coverage and total miles of transmission and 
distribution lines. To the extent known, include the number of miles or 
number of poles in eagle-risk areas that are not avian-safe.
    (C) If applying under Sec.  22.280 or Sec.  22.300, include the 
location of known nest(s) and nest status (e.g., in-use or alternate).
    (ii) Justification of why there is no practicable alternative to 
take that would protect the interest to be served.
    (iii) An eagle impacts assessment, including eagle activity and 
eagle use in the project area and a description of methods used to 
conduct this assessment. If the Service has officially issued or 
endorsed survey, modeling, take-estimation, or other standards for the 
activity that will take eagles, you must follow them and include in 
your application all the information thereby obtained, unless the 
Service waives this requirement for your application.
    (iv) Implemented and proposed steps to avoid and minimize to the 
maximum degree practicable, compensate for, and monitor impacts on 
eagles.
    (v) Alternative actions considered and the reasons why those 
alternatives are not practicable.
    (vi) Any supplemental information necessary for the Service to make 
an adequate determination on the application (see Sec.  13.21 of this 
subchapter).
    (vii) Payment of the required application and administration fees 
(see Sec.  13.11(d)(4) of this subchapter) for the appropriate fee 
tier, and, if required, proposed compensatory mitigation plan or eagle 
credits to be obtained from a Service-approved conservation bank or in-
lieu fee program. All compensatory mitigation must comply with the 
provisions of Sec.  22.220. For incidental take permits issued under 
Sec. Sec.  22.250 and 22.260:
    (A) The Tier 1 application fee is assessed when standardized permit 
conditions require negligible modifications, additional environmental 
compliance review is not required, and, if required, fatality estimates 
require minimal data manipulation.
    (B) The Tier 2 application fee is assessed for all other specific 
permit incidental take applications that require 275 staff-hours or 
fewer for review, including compliance with the procedural requirements 
of NEPA. The Service may require applicants to enter into a 
reimbursable agreement to cover the costs above 275 staff-hours.
    (d) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving a complete application, the 
Regional Director will decide whether to issue a permit based on the 
general criteria of Sec.  13.21 of this subchapter and whether the 
application meets the following requirements:
    (1) The applicant is eligible for a specific permit.
    (2) The take:
    (i) Is necessary to protect a legitimate interest in a particular 
locality;
    (ii) Results from, but is not the purpose of, the activity; and
    (iii) Cannot practicably be avoided.
    (3) The amount of take the Service authorizes under the permit is 
compatible with the preservation of the bald eagle and the golden 
eagle, including consideration of the effects of other permitted take 
and other factors affecting bald eagle and golden eagle populations.
    (4) The applicant has proposed avoidance and minimization measures 
to reduce the take to the maximum degree practicable relative to the 
magnitude of the activity's impacts on eagles. These measures must meet 
or exceed the requirements of the general permit regulation (Sec.  
22.210), except where not practicable.
    (5) If compensatory mitigation is required, the applicant has 
proposed either to implement compensatory mitigation measures that 
comply with the standards in Sec.  22.220 or secure required eagle 
credits from a Service-approved conservation bank or in-lieu fee 
program. Compensatory mitigation must meet or exceed the requirements 
of the general permit regulation (Sec.  22.210), except when the 
Service's evaluation of site-specific data indicates a lower mitigation 
rate is appropriate.
    (6) The applicant has proposed monitoring plans that are sufficient 
to determine the effects on eagle(s) of the proposed activity.
    (7) The proposed reporting is sufficient for the Service to 
determine the effects on eagle(s).
    (8) Any additional factors that may be relevant to our decision 
whether to issue the permit, including, but not limited to, the 
cultural significance of a local eagle population and whether issuance 
of a permit would preclude the Service from authorizing take necessary 
to protect an interest of higher priority. The Service will prioritize 
safety emergencies, Native American Tribal religious use, and public 
health and safety.
    (e) Modifications to your permit. If the permittee requests 
substantive amendments (see Sec.  13.11(d)(5) of this subchapter) 
during the permit tenure, the Service will charge an amendment fee. The 
Service will charge an amendment fee and an administration fee for 
permittee-requested substantive amendments that require new analysis, 
such as modifications that result in re-estimating take, re-evaluating 
compensatory mitigation requirements, or requiring additional 
environmental review to comply with procedural requirements under NEPA.
    (f) Tenure. The tenure of each permit will be designated on the 
face of the permit. Specific permits may be valid for a maximum of 30 
years. Permit tenure may be less, as restricted by the provisions for 
specific activities set forth in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  
22.280, or Sec.  22.300 or as appropriate to the duration and nature of 
the proposed activity, including mitigation requirements.


Sec.  22.210  General permits.

    (a) Purpose. General permits authorize the take of bald eagles or 
golden eagles for other interests that meet the eligibility 
requirements for general permits set forth in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  
22.260, Sec.  22.280, or Sec.  22.300.
    (b) Eligibility. To qualify for a general permit, you must be 
conducting an activity identified in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  
22.280, or Sec.  22.300 and meet any additional eligibility 
requirements identified in the relevant section.
    (1) Permits are issued to the individual or entity conducting the 
activity, such as the owner or manager of the entity conducting the 
activity. The applicant is responsible for compliance with the permit 
and must have the authority to implement the required permit 
conditions.
    (2) Contractors or consultants may assist in completing 
applications or conducting work as a subpermittee but may not be a 
permit holder.
    (3) Applicants may not break a project into parts to meet general 
permit

[[Page 9960]]

eligibility criteria when the entire project would not be eligible.
    (4) Applicants may not combine projects if the activities are not 
readily identifiable as being part of the same project. If you want to 
obtain a consolidated permit for multiple activities, you must apply 
for a specific permit.
    (5) General permits are issued to a single permit holder. If 
multiple entities operate a joint project and want to obtain joint 
authorization, the application must designate one entity as the permit 
holder and that entity must accept the legal liability for the other 
entities. The other entities must grant sufficient authority to the 
permit holder to carry out any activities required under the permit.
    (6) The Service may notify you in writing that you must apply for a 
specific permit if the Service finds that the project does not comply 
with the requirements for a general permit.
    (c) How to apply. (1) Register with the Service by submitting the 
appropriate application form specified in Sec.  22.250(a), Sec.  
22.260(a), Sec.  22.280(a), or Sec.  22.300(a) to Headquarters. You can 
find the current contact information for Migratory Birds in Sec.  2.1 
of subchapter A of this chapter.
    (2) Your application must include:
    (i) A description of the activity that will cause the take of bald 
eagles or golden eagles, including the location, and seasonality.
    (A) If applying under Sec.  22.250 for wind energy projects, 
include the number of turbines, rotor diameter, hub height, location 
coordinates of each turbine, and the datum of these coordinates.
    (B) If applying under Sec.  22.260 for power lines, include the 
State and county(ies) of coverage and total miles of transmission and 
distribution lines. To the extent known, include the number of miles or 
number of poles in eagle-risk areas that are not avian-safe.
    (C) If applying under Sec.  22.280 or Sec.  22.300, include the 
location of known nests and nest status (i.e., in-use or alternate).
    (ii) Justification of why there is no practicable alternative to 
take that would protect the interest to be served.
    (iii) Description of eagle activity and eagle use in the project 
area.
    (iv) Certification that the activity involving the take of eagles 
authorized by the general permit complies with all other applicable 
Federal, State, Tribal, and local laws. This includes certifying that 
the activity for which take is to be authorized by the general permit 
either does not affect a property that is listed, or is eligible for 
listing, in the National Register of Historic Places as maintained by 
the Secretary of the Interior; or that the applicant has obtained, and 
is in compliance with, a written agreement with the relevant State 
Historic Preservation Officer or Tribal Historic Preservation Officer 
that outlines all measures the applicant will undertake to mitigate or 
prevent adverse effects to the historic property.
    (v) Payment of required application and administration fees (see 
Sec.  13.11(d)(4) of this subchapter).
    (vi) A certification that the applicant agrees to acquire eagle 
credits, if required, from a Service-approved conservation bank or in-
lieu fee program within 90 days of the effective date of the permit.
    (d) Issuance criteria. Upon an applicant registering by submitting 
an application under paragraph (c) of this section, the Service will 
automatically issue a general permit to authorize the take requested in 
the application. In registering, you must certify that you meet the 
general criteria of Sec.  13.21 of this subchapter and the following 
issuance criteria:
    (1) You are conducting an activity that qualifies for a general 
permit.
    (2) The take:
    (i) Is necessary to protect a legitimate interest in a particular 
locality;
    (ii) Results from, but is not the purpose of, the activity; and
    (iii) Cannot practicably be avoided.
    (3) The activity is consistent with the requirements applicable to 
that activity as specified in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  22.280, 
or Sec.  22.300.
    (4) You will implement the general permit conditions applicable to 
your activity, including required avoidance, minimization, monitoring, 
and reporting requirements.
    (5) You will obtain any required eagle credits from a Service-
approved conservation bank or in-lieu fee program within 90 days of the 
effective date of your permit.
    (e) Program continuation. The Service will regularly evaluate 
whether the take of bald eagles and golden eagles under general permits 
remains compatible with the preservation of eagles. If the Service 
finds, through analysis of the best available information, that the 
general permit program is not compatible with the preservation of bald 
eagles or golden eagles, the Service may suspend issuing general 
permits in all or in part after publishing notification in the Federal 
Register. The Service may reinstate issuance of general permits after 
publishing another notification in the Federal Register or by 
promulgating additional rulemaking. If the Service suspends general 
permitting, take currently authorized under a general permit remains 
authorized until expiration of that general permit, unless you are 
notified otherwise.
    (f) Tenure. The tenure of each permit will be designated on the 
face of the permit. General permits have a maximum tenure of 5 years. 
Permit tenure may be less, as restricted by the applicable provisions 
in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  22.280, or Sec.  22.300.


Sec.  22.215  Conditions of permits.

    (a) Anyone conducting activities under a specific permit (Sec.  
22.200) or general permit (Sec.  22.210) is subject to the conditions 
set forth in this section. You must also comply with the relevant 
conditions set forth in subpart D of part 13 of this subchapter and the 
conditions of your general or specific permit.
    (1) Your permit will specify the type of take authorized (e.g., 
incidental take, disturbance, nest take) and may specify the amount, 
location, or other restrictions on the take authorized. You are not 
authorized for any take not specified on the face of your permit.
    (2) Your permit will require implementation of avoidance, 
minimization, monitoring, and adaptive management measures consistent 
with the relevant regulations in this subpart E. This may include 
requirements to:
    (i) Modify the seasonality, frequency, timing, duration, or other 
aspects of your activity.
    (ii) Implement measures to avoid and minimize the take or effects 
of take on eagles.
    (iii) Monitor to determine the effects of the activity on eagles 
according to Service-approved protocols.
    (iv) Implement an adaptive management plan.
    (3) Your permits will specify requirements for reporting and 
disposing of any discovered eagle remains or injured eagles. 
Requirements may include:
    (i) Training onsite personnel and requiring personnel to scan for 
discovered eagle remains or injured eagles;
    (ii) Collecting information on discovered eagle remains or injured 
eagles, including species, condition, discovery date, location, and 
other information relevant to eagle identification and determining the 
cause of death or injury;
    (iii) Reporting discovered eagle remains or injured eagles, 
including immediate notification and annual reporting; and
    (iv) Disposition of any discovered eagle remains or injured eagles 
in accordance with Service instructions, which may include shipping 
eagles to

[[Page 9961]]

the National Eagle Repository or other designated facility.
    (4) You must comply with all Service reporting requirements. You 
must annually report incidental take and disturbance take using Form 3-
202-15. You must report nest take using Form 3-202-16. You must submit 
accurate reports within the required timeline.
    (5) You must comply with all compensatory mitigation requirements 
in accordance with Sec.  22.220, including any additional requirements 
contained in Sec.  22.250, Sec.  22.260, Sec.  22.280, or Sec.  22.300.
    (6) You must keep records of all activities conducted under this 
permit, including those of subpermittees carried out under the 
authority of this permit (see Sec.  13.46 of this subchapter). You must 
provide records to the Service upon request.
    (7) By accepting this permit, you are authorizing the Service to:
    (i) Publish the following information in a public list of 
permittees: permittee name, permit type, county and State of activity, 
and effective date range.
    (ii) Inspect the location and records relating to the activity at 
the location where those records are kept. Any inspections will occur 
during regular business hours (see Sec.  13.21(e) of this subchapter).
    (iii) Provide access to Service staff or contractors as part of 
participation in the Service's program-wide monitoring. The Service 
will provide reasonable notice for requests to access sites and 
negotiate with the permittee about practicable and appropriate access 
conditions to protect human health and safety and comply with any 
physical, logistical, or legal constraints.
    (8) You are responsible for ensuring that the activity for which 
take is authorized complies with all applicable Federal, Tribal, State, 
and local laws, regulations, and permits. You must comply with all 
label instructions for handling controlled substances and chemicals, 
including pesticides.
    (9) Permits are issued to the entity or individual conducting the 
action.
    (i) The Principal Officer is the chief operating officer 
responsible for the permit application and any permitted activities. 
The Principal Officer is responsible for compliance with all conditions 
of authorization, including the conditions listed here and any permit 
conditions. The Principal Officer must have the authority to implement 
all conditions and is legally liable for any subpermittee conducting 
activities under the permit.
    (ii) The authority of this authorization may be exercised by 
subpermittees. A subpermittee is any person who is employed by the 
authorized entity to conduct the activities specified or any person 
designated as a subpermittee in writing by the Principal Officer. 
Subpermittee-designation letters must identify who can conduct what 
activities and list any restrictions on the dates, locations, or types 
of activities the subpermittee may conduct.
    (iii) The Principal Officer is responsible for any subpermittee who 
is conducting authorized activities. Subpermittees must have the 
conditions of authorization and, if applicable, a copy of the permit 
readily available. Subpermittees who are not employees must also have a 
subpermittee-designation letter.
    (b) The Service may amend, suspend, or revoke a permit issued under 
this subpart if new information indicates that revised permit 
conditions are necessary, or that suspension or revocation is 
necessary, to safeguard local or regional eagle populations. This 
provision is in addition to the general criteria for amendment, 
suspension, and revocation of Federal permits set forth in Sec. Sec.  
13.23, 13.27, and 13.28 of this subchapter.
    (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sec.  13.26 of this 
subchapter, you remain responsible for all outstanding monitoring 
requirements and mitigation measures required under the terms of the 
permit for take that occurs prior to cancellation, expiration, 
suspension, or revocation of the permit.


Sec.  22.220  Compensatory mitigation.

    (a) Your permit conditions may include a requirement to compensate 
for the take of eagles.
    (1) Any permit authorizing take that would exceed the applicable 
EMU take limit will require compensatory mitigation, except in 
circumstances where the action is considered in the best interest of an 
eagle. Compensatory mitigation for this purpose must ensure the 
preservation of the affected eagle species by mitigating an amount 
equal to or greater than the authorized or expected take. Compensatory 
mitigation must either reduce another ongoing form of mortality or 
increase the eagle population of the affected species. Compensatory 
mitigation for golden eagles must be performed at a 1.2:1 (mitigation: 
take) ratio.
    (2) A permit may require compensatory mitigation when the Service 
determines, according to the best available information, that the take 
authorized by the permitted activity is not consistent with maintaining 
the persistence of the local area population of an eagle species.
    (b) All required compensatory mitigation actions must:
    (1) Be contingent upon application of avoidance and minimization 
measures to reduce the take to the maximum degree practicable relative 
to the magnitude of the project's impacts on eagles.
    (2) Be sited within:
    (i) The same EMU where the permitted take will occur; or
    (ii) Another EMU if the Service has reliable data showing that the 
population affected by the take includes individuals that are 
reasonably likely to use that EMU during part of their seasonal 
migration.
    (3) If required by the Service, be sited within a specified local 
area population.
    (4) Use the best available science in formulating, crediting, and 
monitoring the long-term effectiveness of mitigation measures.
    (5) Be additional to and improve upon the baseline conditions for 
the affected eagle species in a manner that is demonstrably new and 
would not have occurred without the compensatory mitigation.
    (6) Be durable and, at a minimum, maintain its intended purpose for 
as long as required by the mitigation conditions in the permit.
    (7) Include mechanisms to account for and address uncertainty and 
risk of failure of a compensatory mitigation measure.
    (8) Include financial assurances that the required compensatory 
mitigation measures will be implemented in full.
    (c) Compensatory mitigation must be approved by the Service and may 
include conservation banks, in-lieu fee programs, or permittee-
responsible mitigation as mitigation providers.
    (1) General permittees meet this requirement by obtaining required 
credits from a Service-approved, third-party mitigation provider. 
Specific permittees can meet this requirement by obtaining required 
credits from a Service-approved, third-party mitigation provider or 
meeting the requirements to be a permittee-responsible mitigation 
provider as described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Third-party 
mitigation providers (e.g., in-lieu fee programs and conservation 
banks) obtain Service approval by meeting the requirements to be a 
mitigation provider as described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (2) To obtain approval as a mitigation provider, potential 
providers must submit a mitigation plan to the Service that 
demonstrates how the standards set forth in paragraph (b) of this 
section will be met. At a minimum, this must include a description of 
the mitigation, the benefit to eagles, the locations where

[[Page 9962]]

projects will be implemented, the EMU and local area population 
affected, the number of credits provided, and an explanation of the 
rationale for the number of eagle credits provided. The Service must 
approve the mitigation plan prior to implementation.


Sec.  22.250  Permits for incidental take of eagles by wind energy 
projects.

    (a) Purpose. The regulations in this section authorize the 
incidental killing or injury of bald eagles and golden eagles 
associated with the operation of wind energy projects. Apply using Form 
3-200-71.
    (b) Definition. The following term used in this section has the 
meaning set forth in this paragraph (b):
    Existing project. Infrastructure that was operational prior to May 
13, 2024, as well as infrastructure that was sufficiently far along in 
the planning process on that date that complying with new requirements 
would be impracticable, including if an irreversible or irretrievable 
commitment of resources has been made (e.g., site preparation was 
already underway or infrastructure was partially constructed).
    (c) Eligibility for a general permit. To qualify for a general 
permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.210, be located in 
the contiguous 48 States, not have discovered four or more eagles of 
one species in the previous 5 years per paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section, and:
    (1) Be a project applying for a general permit for the first time, 
and all turbines associated with the project are:
    (i) At least 2 miles from a golden eagle nest and at least 660 feet 
from a bald eagle nest; and
    (ii) Located in areas characterized by seasonal relative abundance 
values that are less than the relative abundance values for the date 
range for each species in tables 1 and 2:

Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(1)(ii)--Relative Abundance Value Thresholds for
                     Bald Eagles Throughout the Year
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Bald Eagle
                       Date range                            relative
                                                             abundance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. February 15-May 23...................................           0.821
2. May 24-July 19.......................................           0.686
3. July 20-December 20..................................           0.705
4. December 21-February 14..............................           1.357
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Table 2 to Paragraph (c)(1)(ii)--Relative Abundance Value Thresholds for
                    Golden Eagles Throughout the Year
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Golden Eagle
                       Date range                            relative
                                                             abundance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. February 8-June 6....................................           0.081
2. June 7-August 30.....................................           0.065
3. August 31-December 6.................................           0.091
4. December 7-February 7................................           0.091
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Be a project currently authorized under a general permit that:
    (i) Has discovered fewer than four eagles (either eagle remains or 
injured eagles) of any one species during the previous general permit 
tenure;
    (ii) Had no lapse in general-permit coverage; and
    (iii) Ensures that any turbines not authorized on the previous 
general permit meet the issuance criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section.
    (3) Be an existing project that has received a letter of 
authorization from the Service (see Sec.  22.200(b)(7)).
    (d) Discovered eagle provisions for general permits. You must 
implement procedures to discover eagle remains and injured eagles in 
accordance with Sec.  22.215(a)(3) and as required by your permit 
conditions. In following those protocols:
    (1) You must include in your annual report the discovery of any 
eagle remains or injured eagles.
    (2) If you discover eagle remains or injured eagles of three eagles 
of any one species during the tenure of a general permit, you must 
notify the Service in writing within 2 weeks of discovering the take of 
a third eagle and implement adaptive management measures. When 
notifying the Service, you must include the reporting data required by 
your permit conditions, your adaptive management plan, and a 
description and justification of the adaptive management approaches you 
will implement for the remaining duration of your general permit.
    (3) If you discover eagle remains or injured eagles of four eagles 
of any one species during the tenure of a general permit, you must 
notify the Service in writing within 2 weeks of discovering the take of 
the fourth eagle. When notifying the Service, you must include the 
reporting data required by your permit conditions, your adaptive 
management plan, and a description and justification of the adaptive 
management approaches you will implement for the remaining duration of 
your general permit term. The project will remain authorized to 
incidentally take eagles through the term of the existing general 
permit but will not be eligible for future general permits. You may 
instead apply for a specific permit for incidental take at that 
project. You may request reconsideration of general-permit eligibility 
by following the review procedures set forth at Sec.  13.29 of this 
subchapter, including providing the information required in Sec.  
13.29(b)(3).
    (4) If the Service conducts monitoring at a wind project, eagle 
remains or injured eagles discovered by the Service, or Service 
contractor, are not attributed to the project for the purposes of this 
paragraph (d), unless the Service determines the eagles were also 
discovered, or were likely to have been discovered, by required 
monitoring efforts at the project.
    (e) Eligibility for a wind energy specific permit. To qualify for a 
specific permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.200. In 
determining whether to issue a permit, the Service will review the 
application materials provided,

[[Page 9963]]

including the eagle impacts assessment. The Service will determine, 
using the best available data, the expected take of eagles by the 
proposed activity.
    (f) Wind energy permit conditions. The following conditions apply 
to all general and specific permits. Specific permits may include 
additional project-specific permit conditions.
    (1) Develop and implement an adaptive management plan. An adaptive 
management plan applies the best available science and monitoring to 
refine project operations and practices. Plans identify criteria for 
implementation of the mitigation hierarchy, including avoidance, 
minimization, and compensation to remain consistent with permit 
conditions and the preservation of eagles.
    (2) Remove and avoid creating anthropogenic features that increase 
the risk of eagle take by attracting eagles to the project site or 
encouraging foraging, roosting, or nesting behaviors.
    (3) Minimize collision and electrocution risks, including 
collisions with turbines, vehicles, towers, and power lines.
    (4) Comply with all relevant regulations and permit conditions in 
part 21 of this subchapter.
    (5) Submit required reports to the Service by the applicable 
deadline.
    (6) Pay the required application and administration fees (see Sec.  
13.11(d)(4) of this subchapter).
    (7) Implement required compensatory mitigation. You must keep 
records to document compliance with this requirement and provide them 
to the Service with your annual report.
    (i) For wind energy specific permits, you must submit a plan to the 
Service in accordance with Sec.  22.200(c) and implement the 
compensatory-mitigation requirements included on the face of your 
permit.
    (ii) For wind energy general permits, you must obtain eagle credits 
from a Service-approved conservation bank or in-lieu fee program based 
on the hazardous volume of the project (in cubic kilometers). The 
hazardous volume of a project is calculated as the number of turbines 
multiplied by 0.200[pi](d/2)[supcaret]2 where d is the diameter of the 
blades in kilometers. You must obtain eagle credits at the following 
rates: Atlantic/Mississippi EMUs: 6.02 eagles/km\3\, Central EMU: 7.46 
eagles/km\3\, and Pacific EMU: 11.12 eagles/km\3\.
    (g) Tenure of permits. General permits are valid for 5 years from 
the date of registration. Specific permits may be valid for up to 30 
years.


Sec.  22.260  Permits for incidental take of eagles by power lines.

    (a) Purpose. The regulations in this section authorize the 
incidental killing or injury of bald eagles and golden eagles 
associated with power line activities. Apply using Form 3-200-71.
    (b) Definitions. The following terms used in this section have the 
meanings set forth in this paragraph (b):
    Avian-safe. A power-pole configuration designed to minimize avian 
electrocution risk by providing sufficient separation between phases 
and between phases and grounds to accommodate the wrist-to-wrist or 
head-to-foot distance of the bird. For eagles, this is 150 centimeters 
of horizontal separation and 100 centimeters of vertical separation. If 
sufficient separation cannot be provided, exposed parts that conduct 
electricity must be covered to reduce electrocution risk. If covers are 
used, they must be maintained in good condition. For conversions from 
an above-ground line to a buried line, the buried portion is considered 
``avian-safe.'' For purposes of the regulations in this section, 
``avian-safe'' means safe for eagles.
    Collision response strategy. A plan that describes the process the 
permittee will follow to identify whether a collision-caused injury or 
mortality has occurred, to evaluate factors that contributed to the 
collision, and to implement risk-reduction measures commensurate with 
the collision risk.
    Proactive retrofit strategy. A plan to convert existing 
infrastructure to avian-safe infrastructure within a set timeline. The 
strategy must identify a baseline of poles to be proactively retrofit. 
The existing-infrastructure baseline must include all poles that are 
not avian-safe for eagles located in areas identified as high risk to 
eagles and may also include other poles in the service area.
    Reactive retrofit strategy. A plan to respond to incidents where 
eagles are electrocuted or killed. The reactive retrofit strategy must 
include information on how eagle electrocutions are detected and 
identified. Determining which poles to retrofit must be based on the 
risk to eagles and not on other factors (e.g., convenience or cost). 
The pole that caused the electrocution must be retrofitted unless the 
pole is already avian-safe. A total of 13 poles or a half-mile segment 
must be retrofitted, whichever is less, prioritizing the highest risk 
poles closest to the electrocution event.
    Shooting response strategy. A plan that describes the process the 
permittee will follow when eagles are found killed or injured near 
power-line infrastructure to identify if shooting is suspected, to 
communicate with law enforcement, and to identify and implement 
appropriate shooting reduction measures.
    (c) Eligibility for a general permit for incidental take. To 
qualify for a general permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  
22.210.
    (d) General permit conditions for power lines. Project permittees 
must:
    (1) Develop a reactive retrofit strategy and implement that 
strategy following each discovery of an electrocuted eagle. The 
investigation, documentation, and retrofit design selection must be 
completed within 90 days of the incident. The retrofit must be 
implemented within 1 year of the incident and remain effective for 30 
years.
    (2) Implement a proactive retrofit strategy to convert all 
existing-infrastructure-baseline poles to avian-safe. Retrofits must 
remain effective for 30 years.
    (i) Investor-owned utilities must retrofit all existing-
infrastructure-baseline poles within 50 years. Ten percent of baseline 
poles must be converted to avian-safe during each permit tenure unless 
extenuating circumstances apply.
    (ii) Non-investor-owned utilities must retrofit all existing-
infrastructure-baseline poles within 75 years. Seven percent of 
baseline poles must be converted to avian-safe during each permit 
tenure unless extenuating circumstances apply.
    (3) Implement an eagle collision response strategy. Within 90 days 
of a collision, you must complete an investigation where the collision 
occurred by documenting the factors contributing to the collision and 
identifying appropriate risk-reduction measures. You must implement 
selected risk-reduction measures at the location of the collision 
within 1 year of the incident.
    (4) Implement an eagle shooting response strategy. The strategy 
must include a protocol for immediately contacting the Office of Law 
Enforcement (in no case more than 72 hours from discovery) when finding 
eagle remains or an injured eagle near power line infrastructure in 
circumstances that suggest the eagle may have been shot. If multiple 
shooting events occur in the service area during the permit tenure, the 
strategy should describe and provide for the implementation of 
reasonable shooting-reduction measures.
    (5) Train personnel to scan for eagle remains when onsite and 
implement internal reporting and recordkeeping procedures for 
discovered eagles.

[[Page 9964]]

    (6) Ensure that all new construction and rebuild or replacement of 
poles in areas of high risk for eagles is avian-safe unless this 
requirement would unduly impact human health and safety, require overly 
burdensome engineering, or have significant adverse effects on 
biological, cultural, or historical resources.
    (7) For new construction and rebuild, reconstruction, or 
replacement projects, incorporate information on eagles into siting and 
design considerations. Minimize eagle risk by siting away from eagle-
use areas (e.g., nests and winter roosts), accounting for the risk to 
and population status of the species, unless this requirement would 
unduly impact human health and safety; require overly burdensome 
engineering; or have significant adverse effects on biological, 
cultural, or historical resources.
    (8) Comply with all relevant regulations and permit conditions of 
part 21 of this subchapter.
    (9) Submit required reports to the Service using Form 3-202-15.
    (10) Pay the required application and administration fee as set 
forth in Sec.  13.11(d)(4) of this subchapter.
    (e) Specific permit for incidental take--(1) Eligibility. Any 
entity conducting power line activities that meet the requirements of 
Sec.  22.200 may apply for a specific permit.
    (2) Conditions. You must comply with the conditions required in 
Sec.  22.200. Your permit conditions will include the relevant general-
permit conditions from paragraph (d) of this section. Compensatory 
mitigation may be required when appropriate, including if general 
permit conditions cannot be met.
    (f) Tenure of permits. Power line general permits are valid for 5 
years. Specific permits may be valid for up to 30 years.


Sec.  22.280  Permits for disturbance take of eagles.

    (a) Purpose. The regulations in this section authorize the take of 
bald eagles or golden eagles by disturbance, as defined in Sec.  22.6. 
Apply using Form 3-200-91. Permits to authorize disturbance associated 
with hazing eagles or eagle nest take are not authorized under this 
section. A permit is not required when an activity that may ordinarily 
disturb eagles is ongoing at the time an eagle pair initiates nesting 
because the nesting eagles are presumed to tolerate the activity.
    (b) Eligibility for a general permit for disturbance. To qualify 
for a general permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.210, 
and your activities must comply with the provisions set forth in 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (9) of this section. If permanent loss of a 
territory may occur, a specific permit is recommended because general 
permits for disturbance do not authorize the permanent loss of a 
territory. General permits are not available if the nest is located in 
Indian country (18 U.S.C. 1151), unless the Tribe is the applicant. The 
following activities are eligible for a general permit:
    (1) Building construction and maintenance within 660 feet of a bald 
eagle nest.
    (2) Linear infrastructure construction and maintenance (e.g., 
roads, rail, trails, power lines, and other utilities) within 660 feet 
of a bald eagle nest.
    (3) Alteration of shorelines and water bodies (e.g., shorelines, 
wetlands, docks, moorings, marinas, and water impoundment) within 660 
feet of a bald eagle nest.
    (4) Alteration of vegetation (e.g., mowing, timber operations, and 
forestry practices) within 660 feet of a bald eagle nest.
    (5) Motorized recreation (e.g., snowmobiles, motorized watercraft, 
etc.) within 330 feet of an in-use bald eagle nest.
    (6) Nonmotorized recreation (e.g., hiking, camping, fishing, 
hunting, canoeing, etc.) within 330 feet of an in-use bald eagle nest.
    (7) Aircraft operation (e.g., helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft) 
within 1,000 feet of an in-use bald eagle nest.
    (8) Prescribed burn operations within 660 feet of a bald eagle 
nest.
    (9) Loud, intermittent noises (e.g., blasting) within one-half-mile 
of an in-use bald eagle nest.
    (c) Eligibility for a specific permit for disturbance. To qualify 
for a specific permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.200. 
Specific permits are for disturbance of a golden eagle nest, 
disturbance of a bald eagle nest by an activity not specified in 
paragraph (b) of this section, or disturbance of eagles caused by 
physical or functional elimination of all foraging area within a 
territory.
    (d) Disturbance permit conditions. (1) To the maximum degree 
practicable, implement measures to avoid and minimize nest disturbance, 
including disturbance due to noise from human activities, visibility of 
human activities, proximity of activities to the nest, habitat 
alteration, and any indirect stressors.
    (2) Avoid activities that may negatively affect the nesting 
substrate, including the survival of the nest tree.
    (3) Monitor in-use nests sufficiently to determine whether 
nestlings have fledged from the nest. Include this information in your 
annual report.
    (e) Reporting. You must submit an annual report using Form 3-202-
15. The annual report is due on the date specified on your permit or 
prior to requesting renewal of your permit, whichever is first.
    (f) Tenure of permits. General permits for disturbance issued under 
the regulations in this section are valid for a maximum of 1 year. The 
tenure of specific permits for disturbance is set forth on the face of 
the permit and may not exceed 5 years.


Sec.  22.300  Permits for take of eagle nests.

    (a) Purpose. This section authorizes the take of a bald eagle nest 
or a golden eagle nest, including relocation, removal, and otherwise 
temporarily or permanently preventing eagles from using the nest 
structure for breeding, when there is no practicable alternative that 
would protect the interest to be served. Apply using Form 3-200-72.
    (b) Definitions. The following terms used in this section have the 
meanings set forth in this paragraph (b):
    Nest take for emergency. Take of an in-use or alternate eagle nest 
when necessary to alleviate an existing safety emergency for humans or 
eagles or to prevent a rapidly developing situation that is likely to 
result in a safety emergency for humans or eagles.
    Nest take for health and safety. Take of an eagle nest when the 
removal is necessary to ensure public health and safety. Nest take for 
health and safety is limited to in-use nests prior to egg laying or 
alternate nests.
    Nest take for human-engineered structure. Take of an eagle nest 
built on a human-engineered structure that creates, or is likely to 
create, a functional hazard that renders the structure inoperable for 
its intended use. Take is limited to in-use nests prior to egg-laying 
or alternate nests.
    Nest take for species protection. Take of an eagle nest when nest 
removal is necessary to protect a species federally protected under the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1544) and 
included on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (at Sec.  
17.11 of this subchapter). Take is limited to in-use nests prior to egg 
laying or alternate nests.
    Other purposes. Take of an alternate eagle nest, provided the take 
is necessary to protect an interest in a particular locality and the 
activity necessitating the take or the mitigation for the take will, 
with reasonable certainty, provide a net benefit to eagles.
    (c) Eligibility for a general permit for nest take. To qualify for 
a general permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.210.

[[Page 9965]]

    (1) General permits are available for bald eagle nest take for 
emergency, nest take for health and safety, or nest take for a human-
engineered structure, or, if located in Alaska, other purposes.
    (2) General permits are not available for take of golden eagle 
nests. General permits are not available for bald eagle nests if 
removal may result in the complete loss of a territory.
    (3) General permits are not available if the nest is located in 
Indian country (18 U.S.C. 1151), unless the Tribe is the applicant.
    (d) Eligibility for a specific permit for nest take. To qualify for 
a specific permit, you must meet the requirements of Sec.  22.200. 
Specific permits are required for take of a golden eagle nest for any 
purpose, nest take for species protection, and, except in Alaska, nest 
take for other purposes.
    (e) Permits for species protection. If you are applying for a nest-
take permit for species protection, you must:
    (1) Be a Federal, State, or Tribal agency responsible for 
implementing actions for the protection of the species of concern.
    (2) Include documentation that:
    (i) Describes relevant management efforts to protect the species of 
concern.
    (ii) Identifies and describes how the nesting eagles are a limiting 
factor to recovery of the species using the best available scientific 
information and data.
    (iii) Explains how take of eagle nests is likely to have a positive 
effect on recovery for the species of concern.
    (f) Permit conditions for nest take. Permit conditions may include 
requirements to:
    (1) Adjust the timing of your activity to minimize the effects of 
nest take on eagles.
    (2) Place an obstruction in the nest or nest substrate.
    (3) Minimize or deter renesting attempts that would cause the same 
emergency, safety, or functional hazard.
    (4) Relocate the nest or provide suitable nesting substrate within 
the same territory.
    (5) Remove chicks or eggs from an in-use nest for immediate 
transport to a foster nest, rehabilitation facility, or as otherwise 
directed by the Service.
    (6) If nestlings or eggs are relocated with a nest or to a foster 
nest, monitor the nest to ensure adults are tending to nestlings or 
eggs.
    (7) Monitor the area near the nest removal for one or more seasons 
to determine the effect on eagles.
    (8) Submit an annual report using Form 3-202-16.
    (g) Tenure of permits. General permits issued under this section 
are valid until the start of the next breeding season, not to exceed 1 
year. The tenure of specific permits is set forth on the face of the 
permit and may not exceed 5 years.


Sec.  22.75  [Redesignated as Sec.  22.235]

0
14. Redesignate Sec.  22.75 as Sec.  22.325 and transfer to subpart E.

0
15. Amend newly designated Sec.  22.325 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading; and
0
b. In the introductory text, removing the three sentences that follow 
the first sentence.
    The revision reads as follows:


Sec.  22.325   Permits for golden eagle nest take for resource recovery 
operations.

* * * * *


Sec.  22.90  [Redesignated as Sec.  22.400]

0
16. Redesignate Sec.  22.90 as Sec.  22.400 and transfer to subpart E.


Sec.  22.400  [Amended]

0
17. Amend newly designated Sec.  22.400 in paragraphs (a) and (b) by 
removing the words ``the effective date of 50 CFR 22.80'' and adding in 
their place the words ``November 10, 2009''.

Shannon A. Estenoz,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 2024-02182 Filed 2-8-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P


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