06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

CHAPTER 129: SURFACE COATING FACILITIES 

SUMMARY: This regulation establishes consistent requirements for testing, 

evaluating and limiting the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and 

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) from selected surface coating operations. VOC 

surface coating facilities can select one of three compliance methods: low 

solvent content coating technology, daily-weighted averaging, and add-on air 

pollution control devices. 

1 . Scope/Applicability 

A. Source applicability. This Chapter applies to all new and existing surface coating facilities 

under the following surface coating categories: 

(1) Surface coating of cans; 

(2) Surface coating of fabric; 

(3) Surface coating of vinyl; 

(4) Surface coating of metal furniture ; 

(5) Surface coating of flatwood paneling; 

(6) Surface coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products; and 

(7) Only Section 10 of this Chapter applies to the following surface coating categories: 

(a) Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities. 

(b) Shipbuilding and Ship Repair. 

(c) Wood furniture and Manufacturing Operations . 

B. Testing and recordkeeping applicability. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line 

or operation subject to this Chapter shall comply with the testing and compliance procedures in 

Section 6, Test Methods and Compliance Procedures, and the certification and recordkeeping 

requirements in Section 7, Initial Compliance Certification and Recordkeeping Procedures, both 

of this Chapter. 

C. Emission limitations applicability 

(1) Any surface coating unit, line or operation under categories 1 through 3, as specified in 

Subsection 1(A) above and within this Chapter, whose maximum theoretical emissions of 

VOC from all coating units, lines or operations at the surface coating facility under the same 

surface coating category are ten (10) tons VOC per year or greater, shall comply with the 

applicable emission limitations under Section 3 of this Chapter. 

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(2) Any surface coating unit, line or operation under category 4 (metal furniture), as specified in 

Subsection 1(A) above and within this Chapter, whose total actual emissions of VOC from all coating units, lines, or operations at the surface coating facility under the same surface 

coating category are fifteen (15) pounds per day (6.8 kg per day) of VOC or greater, shall 

comply with the applicable emission limitations under Section 3 of this Chapter. 

(3) Any surface coating unit, line or operation under category 5 (flatwood paneling), as specified 

in Subsection 1(A) above and within this Chapter, whose total actual emissions of VOC from 

all coating units, lines, or operations at the surface coating facility under the same surface 

coating category are fifteen (15) pounds per day (6 .8 kg per day) of VOC or greater, shall 

comply with the applicable emission limitations under Section 3 of this Chapter. 

(4) Any surface coating unit, line or operation under category 6 (miscellaneous metal parts and 

products), as specified in Subsection 1(A) above and within this Chapter, whose total actual 

emissions of VOC from all coating units, lines or operations at the surface coating facility 

under the same surface coating category are fifteen (15) pounds (lb) VOC per day or greater, 

shall comply with the applicable emission limitations under Section 3 of this Chapter unless: 

(a) The maximum theoretical emissions from all surface coating operations are limited by 

permit or order of the Department to 1,666 lb or less in any calendar month; 

(b) The owner or operator of the surface coating facility subject to this Chapter is and has at 

all times been in compliance with the maximum theoretical emission limitation since the 

issuance of the permit or order of the Department; and 

(c) The total actual emissions from the surface coating facility have not exceeded 1,6661b in 

any calendar month since January 1990. 

D. Changes in applicability. Any surface coating unit, line or operation that becomes or is 

currently subject to these provisions under Subsection 1(C) of this Chapter remains subject to the 

provisions, even if its emissions later decrease, except that any source which has reduced its 

actual VOC emissions below the applicability threshold established under Subsection 1(C) shall 

be exempt from the applicable emissions limitations established under Subsection 3 of this 

Chapter, provided that both of the following conditions are met: 

(1) The owner or operator can demonstrate that the actual VOC emissions occurring in the 

consecutive 12-month period after said reduction was implemented were no more than 80% 

of the relevant applicability threshold; and 

(2) The owner or operator accepts an enforceable permit containing restrictions which limit the 

combined actual VOC emissions, during any 12-month period from the source or all process 

operations associated with a specific classifiable process, below 80% of the relevant 

applicability threshold. 

If the source's emissions later increase to greater than 80% of the applicability threshold during 

any consecutive 12 month period, then the facility must immediately comply with the emission 

limitations of Section 3 of this Chapter. 

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E. Exemptions. The following surface coating operations are exempt from the requirements of this 

Chapter: 

(1) Coating units, lines or operations whose total actual coatings usage from all coating units, 

lines or operations at the surface coating facility under the same surface coating category is 

less than 50 gallons per year of coatings. Non-VOC coatings are excluded when calculating 

compliance with this exemption; 

(2) Facilities exclusively utilizing powder coatings or other non-VOC methods of coating are 

exempt from the requirements of this Chapter upon the Department's receipt of certification 

from the facility documenting its exclusive use of powder coatings or other non-VOC coating 

methods ; and 

(3) Surface coating of the following: 

(a) Exterior of completely assembled aircraft, 

(b) Exterior of major aircraft subassemblies, 

(c) Automobile, light-duty truck, and heavy duty truck refinishing, 

(d) Exterior of completely assembled marine vessels, and 

(e) Exterior of major marine vessel subassemblies. 

F. Applicable testing methods and compliance procedures. The testing methods and compliance 

procedures for determining compliance with this Chapter are described in Appendix A, which is 

incorporated into this Chapter by reference. 

2. Definitions 

A. General coating definitions 

(1) Coating. "Coating" means a material applied in a thin layer to a surface as a protective, 

decorative, or functional film. This term often refers to paints such as lacquers or enamels, 

but also refers to films applied to other materials such as varnishes, sealants, adhesives, inks, 

maskants, and temporary protective coatings . Such materials include, but are not limited to, 

paints, varnishes, sealants, adhesives, inks, maskants, and temporary protective coatings . 

(2) Coating unit. "Coating unit" means a series of one or more coating applicators and any 

associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried, or cured. A coating unit 

ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to any subsequent application 

of a different coating . A surface coating operation does not require an oven or flashoff area 

in order to be included in this definition. 

(3) Control device. "Control device" means equipment used to ,reduce, by destruction or 

removal, the amount of air pollutant(s) in an air stream prior to discharge to the ambient air. 

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(4) Day. "Day" means a period of 24 consecutive hours beginning at midnight, local time, or 

beginning at a time consistent with a surface coating facility's operating schedule . 

(5) Exempt compounds. See VOC definition in Chapter 100 . 

(6) Flashoff area. "Flashoff area" means the space between the coating application area and the 

oven. 

(7) Maximum theoretical emissions. "Maximum theoretical emissions" means the quantity of 

VOC that theoretically could be emitted by a surface coating unit, line or operation without 

control devices and is based on one of the following: 

(a) The design capacity or maximum production capacity of the surface coating facility and 

8,760 hours of operation per year; or 

(b) Hours of operation and/or design and/or process conditions, including operation rates, 

that are limited by enforceable permit conditions. Such permit conditions include short 

term limits (e.g., the number of operating hours per 30 day rolling average) and 

corresponding recordkeeping provisions. 

The design capacity or maximum production capacity includes use of coatings and inks with 

the highest VOC content used in practice by the surface coating facility for the two (2) years 

preceding the effective date of this Chapter. 

(8) Normally closed container. "Normally closed container" means a container that is closed 

unless an operator is actively engaged in activities such as emptying or filling the container. 

(9) Oven. "Oven" means a chamber which is used to bake, cure, polymerize or dry a coating . 

(10) Plastisol . "Plastisol" means a coating made of a mixture of finely divided resin and a 

plasticizer. Plastisol is applied as a thick gel that solidifies when heated. 

(11) Prime coat. "Prime coat" means the first of two (2) or more coatings applied to a surface. 

(12) Roller coating . "Roller coating" means the application of a coating to a substrate by means 

of hard rubber or metal rolls. 

(13) Substrate. "Substrate" means the surface to which a coating is applied. 

(14) Web coating line. "Web coating line" means all of the coating applicator(s), drying area(s), 

or oven(s), located between an unwind station and a rewind station, that are used to apply 

coating onto a continuous strip of substrate (the web). A web coating line need not have a 

drying oven in order to be included in this definition. 

B. Surface coating of cans 

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(1) Can. "Can" means any cylindrical, single-walled container, with or without a top, cover, 

spout, or handle, that is manufactured from metal sheets thinner than 29 gauge (0.0141 inch 

(in)) . 

(2) Can coating unit. "Can coating unit" means a coating unit in which any coating is applied 

onto the surface of cans or can components. 

(3) End sealing compound coat. "End sealing compound coat" means a compound applied onto 

can ends that functions as a gasket when the end is assembled onto the can. 

(4) Exterior basecoat. "Exterior basecoat" means a coating applied to the exterior of a two-piece 

can body to provide protection to the metal, or to provide background for any lithographic or 

printing operation. 

(5) Interior body spray coat. "Interior body spray coat" means a coating applied to the interior of 

the can body to provide a protective film between the product and the can. 

(6) Over varnish . "Over varnish" means a coating applied directly over a design coating or 

directly over ink to reduce the coefficient of friction, to provide gloss, and to protect the 

finish against abrasion and corrosion. 

(7) Sheet basecoat. "Sheet basecoat" means a coating applied to metal in sheet form to serve as 

either the exterior or interior of two-piece or three-piece can bodies or can ends. 

(8) Side-seam spray coat. "Side-seam spray coat" means a coating applied to the seam of a 

three-piece can. 

(9) Three-piece can. "Three-piece can" means a can that is made by rolling a rectangular sheet 

of metal into a cylinder that is soldered, welded, or cemented at the seam with two ends 

attached. 

(10) Two-piece can. "Two-piece can" means a can whose body and one end are formed from a 

shallow cup and to which the other end is later attached . 

(11) Two-piece can exterior end coat. "Two-piece can exterior end coat" means a coating 

applied by roller coating or spraying to the exterior end of a two-piece can to provide 

protection to the metal. 

C. Surface coating of fabric 

(1) Fabric coating line. "Fabric coating line" means a web coating line where coating is applied 

to fabric . A fabric printing line engaged in the dyeing and finishing of textiles as classified 

in Industrial Group 226 or Industry 2231 is not considered a fabric coating line. 

(2) Fabric coating unit. "Fabric coating unit" means a coating application station and its 

associated flashoff area, drying area, or oven wherein coating is applied and dried or cured in 

a fabric coating line. A fabric coating line may include more than one fabric coating unit. 

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D. Surface coating of vinyl. Vinyl coating line. "Vinyl coating line" means a web coating line 

where a decorative, functional, or protective coating is applied to a continuous web coating line 

of vinyl or vinyl-coated fabric . Lines used for coating or printing on vinyl and coating or 

printing on urethane are considered vinyl coating lines . 

E. Surface coating of metal furniture 

(1) Metal furniture. "Metal furniture" means any furniture piece made of metal, or any metal 

part that will be assembled with other metal, wood, fabric, plastic or glass parts to form a 

furniture piece including, but not limited to, tables, chairs, waste baskets, beds, desks, 

lockers, benches, shelving, file cabinets and room dividers. This definition does not apply to 

the coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products as defined in Subsection 2(F)(5) of this 

Chapter. 

(2) Metal furniture coating unit. "Metal furniture coating unit" means a coating unit in which a 

protective, decorative, or functional coating is applied onto the surface of metal furniture . 

F. Surface coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products 

(1) Air-dried coating. "Air-dried coating" means a coating that is dried by the use of air or 

forced warm air at temperatures up to 90 degrees Celsius (C) (194 degrees Fahrenheit (F)). 

(2) Clear coating. "Clear coating" means a coating that (1) either lacks color and opacity or is 

transparent, and (2) uses the surface to which it is applied as a reflective base or undertone 

color. 

(3) Drum. "Drum" means any cylindrical metal shipping container of thirteen (13)- to 110-

gallon capacity . 

(4) Extreme performance coating. "Extreme performance coating" means a coating intended for 

exposure to extreme environmental conditions, including but not limited to, the outdoors, 

temperatures above 95 degrees C or 203 degrees F, detergents, abrasive and scouring agents, 

solvents, and corrosive atmospheres. 

(5) Miscellaneous metal parts and products. "Miscellaneous metal parts and products" means 

any metal part or metal product, even if attached to or combined with a nonmetal part or 

product. Miscellaneous metal parts and products include, but are not limited to, the 

application of underbody anti chip materials (e.g. underbody plastisol) and surface coating 

operations other than prime coat, primer surface, topcoat and final repair operations at 

automobile and light-duty truck assembly plants, as well as including the following Industrial 

Classification Codes: Major Group 33 (primary metal industries), Major Group 34 

(fabricated metal products), Major Group 35 (non electric machinery), Major Group 36 

(electrical machinery), Major Group 37 (transportation equipment), Major Group 38 

(miscellaneous instruments), and Major Group 39 (miscellaneous manufacturing industries) . 

Miscellaneous metal products and parts does not include : 1) maintenance, repair or 

refinishing of machinery, production equipment, piping, storage vessels and similar parts 

where the part is to be used on site and not offered for sale; 2) shipbuilding operations; 3) the 

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field application of coatings to stationary steel structures and their appurtenances ; and 4) 

aerospace manufacturing, overhaul, and repair operations. 

(6) Miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit. "Miscellaneous metal parts and 

products coating unit" means a coating unit in which a coating is applied to any 

miscellaneous metal parts and products . 

(7) Pail. "Pail" means any cylindrical metal shipping container of one (1) to twelve (12) gallon 

capacity and constructed of 29 gauge and heavier metal. 

(8) Refinishing. "Refinishing" mean the repainting of used equipment. 

G. Surface coating of flatwood paneling 

(1) Class I (or Class II) hardboard paneling finish. "Class I (or Class II) hardboard paneling 

finish" means finishes that meet the specifications of Voluntary Product Standard PS-59-73 

as approved by the American National Standards Institute . 

(2) Flatwood paneling coating line. "Flatwood paneling coating line" means a coating line used 

to apply and dry or cure coatings applied to one of the following flatwood paneling 

categories: printed interior panels made of hardwood plywood and thin particleboard (i .e ., 

less than or equal to 0.64 centimeter (cm) (0 .25 in) thick; natural finish hardwood plywood 

panels; Class II hardboard paneling finish; tileboard; and exterior siding. Flatwood paneling 

coating line does not include Class I hardwood panels, particle board used in furniture, 

insulation board, and soft plywood coating lines. 

(3) Hardboard. "Hardboard" means a panel manufactured primarily from wood fibers that are 

consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press. 

(4) Hardwood plywood. "Hardwood plywood" means plywood whose surface layer is a veneer 

of hardwood. 

(5) Natural finish hardwood plywood panels. "Natural finish hardwood plywood panels" means 

panels whose original grain pattern is enhanced by essentially transparent finishes frequently 

supplemented by fillers and toners. 

(6) Printed interior panels. "Printed interior panels" means panels whose grain or natural surface 

is obscured by fillers and basecoat upon which a simulated grain or decorative pattern is 

printed. 

(7) Thin particleboard . "Thin particleboard" means a manufactured board that is 0.64 cm (0 .25 

in) or less in thickness made of individual wood particles that have been coated with a binder 

and formed into flat sheets by pressure. 

(8) Tileboard . "Tileboard" means paneling that has a colored, waterproof surface coating . 

3. Emission Limitations. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to 

this Chapter shall comply with the applicable emission limitations in Subsections 3(A) through 3(F) 

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of this Chapter below, by the use of Low Solvent Content Coating Technology, Daily-Weighted 

Averaging, or Add-On Air Pollution Control Devices, as specified in Section 5 of this Chapter. 

Emission limitations on VOC content for all surface coating categories are expressed in units of mass 

of VOC in kilograms (kg) or lb per volume of coating in liters (1) or gallons (gal), excluding water 

and exempt compounds, as applied. Emission limitations on VOC content for metal furniture and 

flatwood paneling are also expressed in units of mass of VOC in kilograms (kg) or pounds (lb) per 

volume in liters (1) or gallons (gal) of solids, as applied. 

If more than one surface coating category and emission limitation applies to a specific coating 

operation, then the least stringent emission limitation controls . 

A. Emission limitations for surface coating of cans. This subsection applies to any can coating 

unit subject to emission limitations as specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter, and used to 

apply the following coatings: sheet basecoat, exterior basecoat, over varnish, interior body spray 

coat, side-seam-spray coat, two-piece can exterior end coat and end sealing compound coat. The 

owner or operator of a can coating unit subject to this subsection may not cause or allow the 

release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations : 

Category kg/1 lb/gal 

1 . Sheet basecoat 0.34 2.8 

2. Exterior basecoat 0 .34 2.8 

3. Over varnish 0.34 2 .8 

4. Interior body spray coat 0.51 4.2 

5 . Side-seam spray coat 0.66 5.5 

6 . Two piece can exterior end coat 0.51 4.2 

7. End sealing compound coat 0.44 3 .7 

B. Emission limitations for surface coating of fabric. This subsection applies to any fabric 

coating unit or line subject to emission limitations as specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this 

Chapter. The owner or operator of a fabric coating unit or line subject to this subsection may 

not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation: 

0.35 kg/1(2 .9 lb/gal) 

C. Emission limitations for surface coating of vinyl. This subsection applies to any vinyl coating 

line subject to emission limitations as specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter. This 

subsection does not apply to the application of vinyl plastisol to fabric to form the substrate that 

is subsequently coated. The owner or operator of a vinyl coating line subject to this subsection 

may not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitation: 

0.45 kg/1(3 .81b/gal) 

D. Emission limitations for surface coating of metal furniture 

(1) This subsection applies to any metal furniture coating unit subject to emission limitations as 

specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter. By January 1, 2012, the owner or operator of a 

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metal furniture coating unit subject to this subsection shall meet the VOC emission 

limitations in either Table 1 or Table 2 . 

Table 1: Emission limits expressed in terms of mass of VOC per volume of coating (excluding 

water and exempt compounds, as applied) 

Coating Type Baked Air Dried 

Kg/1 lb/gal kg/1 Ib/gal 

General, One Component 0.275 2.3 0.275 2.3 

General, Multi-Component 0.275 2 .3 0.340 2.8 

Extreme High Gloss 0.360 3 .0 0.340 2.8 

Extreme Performance 0 .360 3 .0 0 .420 3.5 

Heat Resistant 0.360 3.0 0.420 3.5 

Metallic 0.420 3 .5 0.420 3.5 

Pretreatment Coatings 0.420 3 .5 0.420 3 .5 

Solar Absorbent 0.360 3 .0 0.420 3 .5 

Table 2 : Emission limits expressed in terms of mass of VOC per volume of solids, as applied 

Coating Type Baked Air Dried 

Kg/1 lb/gal kg/1 Ib/gal 

General, One Component 0.40 3 .3 0.40 3.3 

General, Multi-Component 0.40 3 .3 0.55 4 .5 

Extreme High Gloss 0.61 5 .1 0.55 4.5 

Extreme Performance 0 .61 5.1 0.80 6.7 

Heat Resistant 0 .61 5.1 0.80 6.7 

Metallic 0.80 6.7 0 .80 6.7 

Pretreatment Coatings 0.80 6 .7 0.80 6 .7 

Solar Absorbent 0.61 5 .1 0.80 6.7 

(2) The following types of coatings and coating operations for metal furniture are exempt from 

the VOC content limits : 

(a) Stencil coatings ; 

(b) Safety-indicating coatings; . 

(c) Solid-film lubricants; 

(d) Electric-insulating and thermal-conducting coatings; 

(e) Touch-up and repair coatings; and 

(f) Coating application utilizing hand-held aerosol cans. 

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E. Emission limitations for surface coating of flatwood paneling. This subsection applies to any 

flatwood paneling coating line subject to emission limitations as specified in Sections 1 and 2 of 

this Chapter. By January 1, 2012, the owner or operator of a flatwood paneling coating line 

subject to this subsection may not cause or allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following 

applicable emission limitations : 

Category 

lb VOC per gallon lb VOC per gallon 

of material solids (grams 

(grams VOC VOC per liter 

per liter) solids) 

1 . Printed interior panels made of hardwood, 2.1 (250) 2.9 (350) 

plywood, or thin particleboard 

2. Natural finish hardwood plywood panels 2.1 (250) 2.9 (350) 

3. Class II hardboard paneling finish 2.1 (250) 2.9 (350) 

4. Tileboard 2.1 (250) 2 .9 (350) 

5. Exterior siding 2.1 (250) 2 .9 (350) 

F. Emission limitations for surface coating of miscellaneous metal parts and products. This 

subsection applies to any miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit subject to emission 

limitations as specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter. The owner or operator of a 

miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit subject to this subsection may not cause or 

allow the release of VOC that exceeds the following emission limitations : 

Category kg/1 lb/gal 

1 . Clear coating 0.52 4.3 

2 . Steel pail and drum interior 0.52 4.3 

3. Air-dried coating 0.42 3 .5 

4. Extreme performance coating 0 .42 3 .5 

5. All other coatings 0 .36 3 .0 

This subsection does not apply to the coating of metal cans or to the coating of metal furniture which 

are subject to Subsections 3(A) and 3(E) of this Chapter, respectively . 

G. Notwithstanding the requirements of this Subsection, an owner or operator may use in the 

aggregate, up to 50 gallons of coatings that exceed the emissions limitations set forth in 

Subsections 3(A) through 3(F) of this Chapter, for any twelve (12) consecutive months, provided 

such owner or operator maintains records of such coatings in accordance with Subsection 7(B)(2) 

of this Chapter. 

4. Handling, Storage and Disposal of Materials Containing VOC. This section applies to any 

surface coating facility subject to this Chapter. 

A. Vapor-tight containers shall be used for the storage of spent or fresh VOC and for the storage or 

disposal of cloth or paper impregnated with VOC that are used for surface preparation, clean up 

or coating removal. 

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B. The use of VOC is prohibited for cleanup operations unless equipment is used to collect the 

cleaning compounds and to minimize their evaporation to the atmosphere. The owner or 

operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to this Chapter shall comply with the 

following work practice standards: 

(1) Spray gun cleaning. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter shall collect all organic solvent used to clean spray guns into a 

normally closed container. 

(2) Line cleaning. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to 

this Chapter shall pump or drain all organic solvent used for line cleaning into a normally 

closed container. 

(3) Spray booth cleaning . The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter shall not use compounds containing more than 8.0 percent by weight 

of VOC for cleaning spray booth components other than conveyers, continuous coaters and 

their enclosures, and/or metal filters, unless the spray booth is being refurbished. If the spray 

booth is being refurbished, that is, the spray booth coating or other material used to cover the 

booth is being replaced, the affected source may not use more than 1 .0 gallon of organic 

solvent to prepare the booth prior to applying the booth coating. 

(4) Washoff operations . The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter shall control emissions from washoff operations by: 

(a) Using normally closed tanks for washoff; and 

(b) Minimizing dripping by tilting or rotating the part to drain as much organic solvent as 

possible. 

5. Compliance Methods. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to 

this Chapter shall choose one or more of the three compliance methods below in order to comply 

with the applicable emission limitations contained in Section 3 of this Chapter. 

A. Low solvent content coating technology. The owner or operator of a coating unit subject to 

this Chapter that chooses to use a low solvent content coating may not cause or allow 

application of any coating on that coating unit with VOC content that exceeds the applicable 

emission limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter. 

B. Daily-weighted average limitation. The owner or operator of a coating unit under categories 1 

through 6, as specified in Subsection 1(A) of this Chapter, that chooses to obtain compliance 

with the applicable emission limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter by the daily-weighted 

average limitation may not apply during any day, coatings on that coating unit whose dailyweighted average VOC content exceeds the applicable emission limitations in Subsections 3(A) 

through 3(F) of this Chapter, as calculated in Appendix A, Procedure C. Daily weighted crossline averaging may be allowed on a case by case basis upon approval from the Department and 

EPA. Weekly weighted averaging may also be allowed on a case by case basis upon approval 

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from the Department and EPA, and shall be calculated in accordance with Appendix A, 

Procedure C, substituting "weekly" for "daily", as appropriate . 

C. Add-on air pollution control devices. The owner or operator of a coating unit that chooses to 

obtain compliance with the applicable emission limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter by an 

add-on air pollution control device shall install and operate a capture system and control device 

and demonstrate a daily overall emission reduction efficiency which is the lesser of the value 

calculated according to the procedure described in Appendix A, Procedure C or 95%. 

(1) The capture system and control device shall be operated at all times that the coating unit is in 

operation. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission 

limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter through the applicable test methods for coating 

analysis, capture system, control device and capture efficiency using the procedures 

described in Appendix A. 

(2) The control device shall be equipped with the applicable monitoring equipment as specified 

in Appendix A, Procedure H and Procedure I, which shall be installed, calibrated, operated 

and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications at all times . 

6. Test Methods and Compliance Procedures. The owner or operator of any surface coating unit, 

line or operation subject to this Chapter shall collect and record the applicable information, and 

where required, perform compliance testing and demonstrate compliance by using the methods and 

procedures described in this Chapter, Appendix A, Procedures A through C and Procedures E 

through I, and submit a report to the Department of the results as stipulated in Section 8 of this 

Chapter. At least a thirty (30)-day advance notification to the Department shall precede all tests. 

The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to this Chapter shall 

perform additional testing and submit a report within ninety (90) days of receipt of notice from the 

Department if equipment operating parameters, staff inspection, air monitoring or other cause 

indicate to the Department that the surface coating facility may be operating out of compliance with 

the emission limitations . 

7. Initial Compliance Certification and Recordkeeping Procedures. Each owner or operator of a 

surface coating facility subject to this Chapter shall establish and maintain all records necessary for 

determining compliance with the emission limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter for a period of six 

(6) years. The owner or operator of a surface coating facility subject to this Chapter shall further 

make such records and reports available for inspection during normal business hours and shall 

provide copies to the Department or the Environmental Protection Agency upon request. 

A. Initial compliance certification. The owner or operator of each surface coating facility subject 

to this Chapter shall submit an initial certification report by January 1, 1995 . The owner or 

operator of a surface coating facility subject to this Chapter whose total actual coatings usage 

from all coating units, lines or operations at the surface coating facility under the same surface 

coating category is 50 or more gallons per year shall submit to the Department, certification 

records covering the relevant coating unit, line or operation, and method of compliance upon 

startup of any new coating unit, line or operation or upon changing the method of compliance for 

an existing coating unit, line or operation. 

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(1) Coating units, lines or operations exempt from emission limitations . Certification records 

required for coating units, lines or operations which are exempt from the emission limitations 

in Section 3 of this Chapter shall include a certification to the Department that the surface 

coating unit, line or operation is exempt, and provide the following : 

(a) Name and location of surface coating facility ; 

(b) Name, address and telephone number of person responsible for the surface coating 

facility ; 

(c) A declaration that the surface coating unit, line or operation is exempt, because 

combined VOC emissions from all coating units, lines and operations under the same 

surface coating category at the same surface coating facility are below the emissions 

threshold under Subsection 1(C) of this Chapter. The following equations shall be used 

to calculate maximum theoretical emissions of VOC per calendar year before the 

application of capture systems and control devices for each affected coating unit, line or 

operation at the surface coating facility: 

Ep = AxB 

Where; 

"Ep" means the maximum theoretical emissions of VOC from one coating unit in pounds 

per year (lb/yr) 

"A" means the weight of VOC per volume of the coating with the highest VOC content, 

as applied, each year on the coating unit in pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (lb/gal) 

"B" means the total volume of all coating that can be potentially applied each year on the 

coating unit in gallons per year (gal/yr). The instrument or method by which the owner 

or operator accurately measured or calculated the volume of coating applied and the 

amount that can potentially be applied each year shall be described in the certification to 

the Department; and 

(d) For coating units under the category of miscellaneous metal parts and products, except 

for those coating units which meet each of the criteria listed in Subsections 1(C)(1) 

through 1(C)(3) of this Chapter, calculations of the total VOC emissions for a day that is 

representative of current maximum production levels from all miscellaneous metal parts 

and products surface coating units at the surface coating facility. The following equation 

shall be used to calculate total VOC emissions for that day: 

T=EAB 

where, 

l-1 r i 

"T" means the total VOC emissions from coating units at the surface coating facility 

before the application of capture systems and control devices in units of kg/day (lb/day) 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

"n" means the number of different coatings applied on each coating unit at the surface 

coating facility 

"i" the subscript denoting an individual coating 

"Ai"means the mass of VOC per volume of coating (i), excluding water and exempt 

compounds, as applied, used at the surface coating facility in units of kilograms of VOC 

per liter of coating (kg/1) or pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (lb/gal) 

"Bi"means the volume of coating (i), excluding water and exempt compounds, as 

applied, used at the surface coating facility in units of liter per day (1/day) or gallons per 

day (gal/day) . The instrument or method used by the owner or operator of the surface 

coating facility to accurately measure or calculate the volume of each coating, as applied, 

shall be described in the certification to the Department. 

(2) Coating units, lines or operations using the Low Solvent Content Coating Technology 

Compliance Method. Initial certification records required for coating units, lines or 

operations using the low solvent content coating technology compliance method shall 

include : 

(a) Name and location of surface coating facility; 

(b) Name, address and telephone number of the person responsible for the surface coating 

facility ; 

(c) Identification of each coating used on each identified coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter; 

(d) The mass of VOC per volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, 

as applied, used each day on each coating unit, line or operation; and 

(e) The time at which the surface coating facility's "day" begins if a time other than 

midnight, local time, is used to define a "day." 

(3) Coating Units, Lines or Operations Using the Daily-Weighted Averaging Compliance 

Method. Certification records required for coating units, lines or operations using the dailyweighted averaging compliance method shall include: 

(a) Name and location of the surface coating facility ; 

(b) Name, address and telephone number of the person responsible for the surface coating 

facility; 

(c) Identification of each coating used on each identified coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter; 

Chapter 129 : Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

(d) Name and identification of each coating unit, line or operation that will comply by means 

of daily-weighted averaging; 

(e) The instrument or method by which the owner or operator of the surface coating facility 

will accurately measure or calculate the volume of each coating, excluding water and 

exempt compounds, as applied, used each day on each coating unit, line or operation; 

(f) The method by which daily records will be created and maintained as defined in this 

section ; 

(g) The calculation of the daily-weighted average, using Procedure C described in Appendix 

A of this Chapter; and 

(h) The time at which the surface coating facility's "day" begins if a time other than 

midnight, local time, is used to define a day. 

(4) Coating Units, Lines or Operations Using the Add-On Air Pollution Control Device 

Compliance Method. Initial certification records required for coating units, lines or 

operations using the add-on air pollution control device compliance method shall include the 

results of all tests and calculations necessary to demonstrate compliance with this Chapter 

using procedures A through C and procedure E, as described in Appendix A of this Chapter 

and shall include: 

(a) Name and location of the surface coating facility ; 

(fl 

(b) Name, address and telephone number of the person responsible for the surface coating 

facility; 

(c) Identification of each coating used on each identified coating unit, line or operation 

subject to this Chapter; 

(d) The mass of VOC per volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, 

as applied, used each day on each coating unit, line or operation; 

(e) The maximum VOC content (mass of VOC per coating unit volume of coating solids, as 

applied), or the daily-weighted average VOC content (mass of VOC per coating unit 

volume of coating solids, as applied) of the coatings used each day on each coating unit, 

line or operation; and 

The overall emission reduction efficiency for each day for each coating unit, line or 

operation required by Subsection 5(C) of this Chapter and determined using Procedure E 

in Appendix A attached to this Chapter. 

B. Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of each surface coating facility subject to this Chapter 

shall begin to maintain the records required herein on the effective date of this Chapter. 

(1) Coating units, lines or operations exempt from emission limitations . Monthly records shall 

be maintained on premises to document the name and identification of each coating and the 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

mass of VOC per volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as 

applied, used on each coating unit, line or operation, and the total emissions at the surface 

coating facility . 

Miscellaneous metal parts and products surface coating facilities that do not meet each of the 

criteria listed in Subsections 1(C)(1) through 1(C)(3) of this Chapter shall maintain daily 

records on the premises to document the name and identification of each coating and the 

mass of VOC per volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as 

applied, used each day on each coating unit, line or operation, and the total daily VOC 

emissions at the surface coating facility, as calculated using the equation in Subsection 

7(A)(1)(d) of this Chapter. 

Miscellaneous metal parts and products surface coating facilities that meet each of the 

criteria listed in Subsections 1(C)(1) through 1(C)(3) of this Chapter shall maintain monthly 

records on the premises to document the name and identification of each coating and the 

mass of VOC per volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as 

applied, used each month on each coating unit, line or operation, and the total emissions at 

the surface coating facility each month. 

(2) Coating units, lines or operations using the Low Solvent Content Coating Technology 

Compliance Method. Except in the case where a coating unit, line or operation certifies 

under Section 8 of this Chapter that all of the coatings used at the surface coating facility use 

low solvent content coating technology, daily records shall be maintained on premises to 

document the name and identification of each coating, and the mass of VOC per volume of 

each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied, used each day on each 

coating unit, line or operation. For surface coating facilities, which certify under Section 8 

of this Chapter that all of the coatings used at the surface coating facility use low solvent 

content coating technology, monthly records shall be maintained on the premises to 

document the name and identification of each coating and the mass of VOC per volume of 

each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied, used each month on each 

coating unit, line or operation. 

(3) Coating units, lines or operations using the Daily-Weighted Averaging Compliance Method. 

Daily records shall be maintained on premises to document the following information : 

(a) The name and identification of each coating and the mass of VOC per volume and the 

volume of each coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied, on each 

coating unit, line or operation; and 

(b) Daily records shall be maintained on premises to document the daily-weighted average 

VOC content of all coatings, as applied, on each coating unit, line or operation calculated 

according to Procedure C in Appendix A of this Chapter. 

(4) Coating units, lines or operations using the Add-On Air Pollution Control Device 

Compliance Method. Daily records shall be maintained on premises to document the 

following data: 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

(f) 

(a) The actual overall emission reduction efficiency achieved for each day for each coating 

unit, line or operation as determined using Procedure E in Appendix A; 

(b) Control device monitoring data as specified in Appendix A for Procedures H and I ; 

(c) A log of operating time for the capture system, control device and monitoring equipment 

and associated coating unit, line or operation; 

(d) A maintenance log for the capture system, control device and monitoring equipment 

detailing all routine and non-routine maintenance performed including dates and duration 

of outages ; 

(e) For thermal incinerators, all continuous three (3)-hour periods of operation in which the 

average combustion temperature was more that 28 degrees C (50 degrees F) below the 

average combustion temperature during the most recent performance test that 

demonstrated that the surface coating unit, line or operation was in compliance; 

For catalytic incinerators, all continuous three (3)-hour periods of operation in which the 

average temperature of the process vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed is 

more than 28 degrees C (50 degrees F) below the average temperature of the process vent 

stream immediately before the catalyst bed during the most recent performance test that 

demonstrated that the surface coating unit, line or operation was in compliance; and 

(g) For carbon adsorbers, all continuous three (3)-hour periods of operation during which the 

average VOC concentration or the reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than 

twenty (20) % greater than the average exhaust gas concentration or reading measured by 

the organics monitoring device during the most recent determination of the recovery 

efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the surface coating unit, line or 

operation was in compliance. 

8. Reporting. The owner or operator of any surface coating unit, line or operation subject to this 

Chapter shall provide to the Department the following: 

A. Initial compliance certification . The owner or operator of each surface coating unit, line or 

operation subject to this Chapter shall provide to the Department, an initial compliance 

certification by January 1, 1995, or upon startup of a new coating unit, line or operation, or upon 

changing the method of compliance for an existing subject coating unit, line or operation. 

B. Reports of excess emissions. Any owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation 

that emits VOC in excess of the emission limitations in Section 3 of this Chapter shall notify the 

Department in writing within thirty (30) calendar days of the following : 

(1) For surface coating units, lines or operations exempt from the emission limitations in Section 

3 of this Chapter, any evidence showing that combined VOC emissions exceed the 

applicability threshold in Subsection 1(C) of this Chapter; or 

(2) For surface coating units, lines or operations subject to the emission limitations in Section 3 

of this Chapter, any evidence showing excess emissions, the use of any coatings that do not 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

use low solvent content coating technology, non-compliance with the daily-weighted average 

limitations, or malfunctions of the control device(s) . 

9. Compliance Schedule. The owner or operator of a surface coating unit, line or operation subject to 

this Chapter shall achieve final compliance with this Chapter on or before May 31, 1995 . 

10. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating Processes . 

Section 112(d) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments requires EPA to promulgate regulations 

establishing emission standards for each category or subcategory of major sources and area sources 

of hazardous air pollutants. These emission standards require maximum achievable control 

technology (MACT) for the reduction of hazardous air pollutant emissions. EPA has promulgated 

General Provisions for National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants as published in 40 

CFR Part 63 Subpart A, incorporated by reference herein, along with emission standards for the 

following surface coating source categories: 

A. 40 CR Part 63, Subpart GG. "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for 

Source Categories: Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities" as published in 40 CFR 

Part 63, Subpart GG, as amended up to July 1, 2010, are incorporated by reference herein. 

B. 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart II. "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for 

Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) Operations" as published in the Federal 

Register, Vol. 60, No. 241, pages 64330-64347 on December 15, 1995 ; 61 FR 30814; and 61 FR 

66226 are incorporated by reference herein. 

C. 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart JJ. "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 

Final Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations" 

as published in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart JJ, as amended up to July 1, 2010, are incorporated by 

reference herein. 

AUTHORITY: 38 MRSA Section 585-A 

EFFECTIVE DATE: February 10, 1993 

EFFECTIVE DATE (ELECTRONIC CONVERSION): May 8, 1996 

AMENDED: March 3, 1998 

April 16, 2011 

BASIS STATEMENT 

In the State of Maine, nine counties are classified as nonattainment for the federal ozone air quality 

standard. Ground-level ozone formation is caused in part by surface coating operations that emit volatile 

organic compounds (VOC) . 

This regulation of surface coating facilities restricts the VOC emissions from selected surface coating 

operations . Under Section 184 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the State of Maine must 

submit plans to control VOC from all sources covered by a Control Technique Guideline (CTG) issued 

before November 15, 1990 . 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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06-096 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

In addition to the Basis Statement above, the Department has filed with the Secretary of State its 

response to comments received during the comment period. 

BASIS STATEMENT FOR AMENDMENTS OF JANUARY 28,1998 

These amendments simplify compliance for surface coating facilities through the establishment of an 

exemption for the use of coatings used on-site for maintenance and repair activities, and a de minimus 

threshold . The amendments also remove the once-in, always-in provisions for sources accepting certain 

license restrictions, establish explicit work practice standards for the use of solvents in cleanup 

operations, and incorporate the Federal MACT requirements for several surface coating categories. 

In addition to this Basis Statement, the Department has filed a supplemental Basis Statement with the 

Secretary of State that summarizes its responses to comments received during the comment period. 

BASIS STATEMENT FOR AMENDMENTS OF JANUARY 6, 2011 

In the late 1970's, EPA published CTGs recommending VOC controls for flat wood paneling and metal 

furniture, which were updated in September 2006 and September 2007, respectively . 

The amendments expand the types of paneling regulated by Chapter 129 to include exterior siding and 

tileboard . Emission limits for these two categories were not addressed in the 1978 CTG document. The 

amendments lower the threshold above which sources are subject to the rule to 15 lbs/day of VOC (from 

10 tons per year). VOC emission limits are expressed in weight per volume units instead of a weight per 

surface area coated. 

The amendments provide VOC limits for eight types of coatings used on metal furniture and list 6 

coatings that are exempt from the rule. The amendments lower the threshold to 15 lbs/day (from 10 tons 

per year) above which metal furniture sources are subject to VOC controls . 

In addition to this Basis Statement, the Department has filed a supplemental Basis Statement with the 

Secretary of State that summarizes its responses to comments received during the comment period. 

Chapter 129: Surface Coating Facilities 

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APPENDIX A 

CHAPTER 129 and 

CHAPTER 132 

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

TEST METHODS AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES 

Procedure A Test methods and Compliance Procedures: General Provisions 

Procedure B Determining the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content of Coatings and Inks 

Procedure C Alternative Compliance Methods for Surface Coating of Cans, Fabric, Vinyl, 

Miscellaneous Metal Products, Metal Furniture, Flatwood Paneling and Graphic 

Arts 

Procedure D Repealed 

Procedure E Emission Capture and Destruction or Removal Efficiency and Monitoring 

Requirements 

Procedure F Determining the Destruction or Removal Efficiency of a Control Device 

Procedure G Leak Detection Methods for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 

Procedure H Performance Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Total 

Hydrocarbons 

Procedure I Quality Control Procedures for VOC Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems 
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE A 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: General Provisions. 

(a) Test methods. The owner or operator of any volatile organic compound (VOC) source required 

to comply with Chapters 129 and 132 shall, at the owner's or operator's expense, demonstrate compliance 

by using the methods of Procedures A-C and E-H of this subpart or alternative methods that are approved 

by the Department and EPA as part of a State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision and shall meet all the 

requirements of these regulations . 

(b) Preparation of test plan and quality assurance program. At least 30 days before the initiation of a 

required test the owner or operator shall submit a test plan that shall be approved by the Department 

before the results of the test are considered acceptable. This test plan shall include the following 

minimum information : 

(1) The purpose of the proposed test and the applicable regulation; 

(2) A detailed description of the facility to be tested, including a line diagram of the facility, 

locations of test sites, and facility operation conditions for the test ; 

(3) A detailed description of the proposed test methods and procedures, equipment, and 

sampling sites ; 

(4) A time table for the following : 

(i) 

(5) 

Date for the compliance test; 

(ii) Date for submittal of final test report to the Department (not later than 45 days 

after completion of on-site sampling) ; 

Proposed corrective actions should the test results show noncompliance; 

(6) Internal QA program. The internal quality assurance (QA) program shall include, at a 

minimum, the activities planned by routine operators and analysts to provide an assessment of 

test data precision . An example of internal QA is the sampling and analysis of replicable 

samples; and 

(7) External QA program. 

(i) The external QA program shall include, at a minimum, application of plans for a 

test method performance audit (PA) during the compliance test. 

(ii) The external QA program may also include systems audits, which include the 

opportunity for on-site evaluation by the Department of instrument calibration, data 

validation, sample logging, and documentation of quality control data and field 

maintenance activities . 
(iii) The PA shall consist of blind audit samples provided by the Department and 

analyzed during the compliance test to provide a measure of test data bias. 

(A) The Department shall require the owner or operator to analyze PA 

samples during each compliance test when audit samples are available . 

(B) Information concerning the availability of audit materials for a specific 

compliance test may be obtained by contacting the Emission Measurement 

Technical Information Center at (919) 541-2237. 

(C) If the Department has prior knowledge that an audit material is available, 

the Department may contact the Atmospheric Research and Exposure 

Assessment Laboratory directly at (919) 541-4531 (for cylinder gas audit 

materials) or (919) 541-7834 (for all other types of audit materials). 

(D) The evaluation criteria applied to the interpretation of the PA results and 

the subsequent remedial actions required of the owner or operator are the sole 

responsibility of the Department. 

(c) Process operation. The owner or operator shall be responsible for providing: 

(1) Sampling ports, pipes, lines, or appurtenances for collecting samples and data required 

by the test methods and procedures; 

(2) Safe access to the sample and data collection locations ; and 

(3) Light, electricity, and the utilities required for sample and data collection. 

(d) Final report . No later than 45 days after completion of the on-site sampling, the owner or 

operator shall submit a test report to the Department. The test report shall include the following 

minimum information : 

(1) Process description; 

(2) Air pollution capture system and control device description; 

(3) Process conditions during testing; 

(4) Test results and example calculations ; 

(5) Description of sampling locations and test methods; 

(6) Quality assurance measures; and 

(7) Field and analytical data. 
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE B 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Determining the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) 

Content of Coatings and Inks 

(a) Sampling procedures shall follow the guidelines presented in "Standard Procedure for Collection 

of Coating and Ink Samples for VOC Content Analysis by Reference Method 24 and Reference Method 

24A," EPA-340/1-91-010 . 

(b) The analytical methods and procedures specified below shall be used to determine the VOC 

content of each coating, as applied : 

(1) (i) Method 24 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to determine total 

volatile content, water content, and density of coatings . For determining total volatile content, 

all samples shall be oven-dried at 110°C for 1 hour. 

(ii) To determine the total volatile content, water content, and density of 

multicomponent coatings, the following procedures shall be used in addition to Method 

24 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A: 

(A) The components shall be mixed in a storage container in the same 

proportions as those in the coating, as applied . The mixing shall be 

accomplished by weighing the components in the proper proportion into a 

container that is closed between additions and during mixing. About 100 

milliliters (ml) of coating shall be prepared in a container just large enough to 

hold the mixture prior to withdrawing a sample; 

(B) For determining volatile content, a sample shall be withdrawn from the 

mixed coating and then transferred to a dish where the sample shall stand for at 

least 1 hour, but no more than 24 hours, prior to being oven-dried at 110°C for 1 

hour; and 

(C) For determining the water content and density of multicomponent 

coatings, samples shall be taken from the same 100-ml mixture of coating and 

shall be analyzed by the appropriate ASTM methods referenced in Method 24 of 

40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A; 

(2) Method 24 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used in determining total volatile 

content, water content, and density of any flexographic or packaging rotogravure printing ink and 

related coatings . Alternatively, Method 24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, may be used; 

(3) Method 24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used in determining total volatile 

content, water content, and density of any publication rotogravure printing ink and related 

coatings; and 

(4) The following additional procedure shall be used in analyzing a coating sample: 

"Standard Procedure for Analysis of Coating and Ink Samples," EPA-340/1-91-011 . 
(c) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an adaptation to any of the analytical methods 

specified in paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by the Department and EPA on a case-by-case 

basis. An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for the Department to find that the 

analytical methods specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) will yield inaccurate results and that 

the proposed adaptation is appropriate. 

(d) Each sample collected for analysis shall meet the following criteria : 

(1) Each sample shall be at least 250 ml (8 ounces [oz]) taken into a 250-ml (8-oz) container 

at a location and time such that the sample will be representative of the coating or ink, as applied 

(i .e ., the sample shall include any dilution solvent or VOC added during the manufacturing 

process) ; 

(2) If a sample larger than 250 ml (8 oz) is obtained, the sample container shall be of a size 

such that the sample completely fills the container; 

(3) The container shall be tightly sealed immediately after the sample is taken; 

(4) Any solvent or other VOC added after the sample is taken shall be measured and 

accounted for in the calculations in paragraph (e) of this section; and 

(5) For multicomponent coatings, separate samples of each component shall be obtained. 

(e) Calculations for determining the VOC content of coatings and inks from data as determined by 

Method 24 or 24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall follow the guidance provided in the following 

documents : 

(1) "A Guideline for Surface Coating Calculations," EPA-340/1-86-016; and 

(2) "Procedures for Certifying Quantity of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Paint, 

Ink and Other Coatings," (Revised June 1986) EPA-450/3-84-019 . 
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE C 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Alternative Compliance Methods for Surface 

Coating of Cans, Fabric, Vinyl, Metal Furniture, Miscellaneous Metal Products, Flatwood 

Paneling and Graphic Arts 

(a) Daily-weighted average. 

The daily-weighted average VOC content, in units of mass of VOC per unit volume of coating, 

excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied, of the coatings used on a day on a coating unit, 

line, or operation shall be calculated using the following equation: 

n 

yViCi 

VOC = i-1 

T 

where: 

VOCw = The daily-weighted average VOC content of the coatings, as applied, 

used on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of kilograms of VOC per liter of 

coating (kg VOC/liter) or pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (lb VOC/gal), excluding 

water and exempt compounds; 

n = The number of different coatings, as applied, each day on a coating unit, line, or 

operation; 

Vi = The volume of each coating, as applied, each day on a coating unit, line, or 

operation in units of liters or gallons, excluding water and exempt compounds; 

Ci = The VOC content of each coating, as applied, each day on a coating unit, line, or 

operation in units of kg VOC/liter of coating or (lb VOC/gal), excluding water and 

exempt compounds; and 

VT = The total volume of all coating, as applied, each day on a coating unit, line, or 

operation in units of liters or gallons, excluding water and exempt compounds . 

(b) Overall emission reduction efficiency for control systems . The overall emission reduction 

efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance is determined each day as follows : 

(1) Obtain the emission limitation from the applicable section of this subpart; 

(2) Calculate the emission limitation on a solids basis according to the following equation: 
S = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of coating solids or (lb 

VOC/gal); 

C 

1-(a) 

where: 

C = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of coating or (lb/gal), 

excluding water and exempt compounds; and 

d = The density of VOC for converting emission limitation to a solids basis. The 

density equals 0.882 kg/liter (7.361b/gal); 

(3) Calculate the required overall emission reduction efficiency of the control system for the 

day according to the following equation: 

S= 

E-[ (VOCa-S)]x 100 

where: 

VOCa 

E = The required overall emission reduction efficiency of the control system for the 

day; 

VOCa = (1) The maximum VOC content of the coatings, as applied, used each 

day on the subject coating unit, line, or operation, in units of kg VOC/liter of coating 

solids or (lb VOC/gal), as determined by the applicable test methods and procedures 

specified in Procedure B, or 

(2) The daily-weighted average VOC content, as applied, of the 

coatings used each day on the subject coating unit, line, or operation, in 

units of kg VOC/liter of coating solids or (lb VOC/gal), as determined 

by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in Procedure B 

and the procedure in paragraph (c)(4) of this section; and S = VOC 

emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of coating solids or (lb 

VOC/gal); and 

(4) The daily-weighted average VOC content, as applied, of the coatings used on a coating 

unit, line, or operation in units of mass of VOC per unit volume of coating solids shall be 

calculated by the following equation: 

n 

Z W voci Vi Di 

VOCwS = `=1 

n 

~ V i TISi 

where: 
VOCws = The daily-weighted average VOC content, as applied, of the coatings 

used on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of mass of VOC per unit volume of 

coating solids ; 

n = The number of different coatings, as applied, used in a day on a coating unit, 

line, or operation; 

Vi = The volume of each coating (i), as applied, used in a day on a coating unit, line, 

or operation in units of liters or gallons ; 

Wvoci = The weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i), as applied, used in a day 

on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of kg VOC/kg coating or (lb/lb) ; 

Di - The density of each coating (i) as applied, used in a day on a coating unit, line, 

or operation in units of kg coating/liter of coating or (lb/gal) ; and 

VSi = The volume fraction solids content of each coating (i), as applied, used in a day 

on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of liters solids/liter coating or (gal/gal) . 
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE E 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Emission Capture and Destruction or Removal 

Efficiency and Monitoring Requirements. 

(a) Determining the efficiency of volatile organic compound (VOC) capture systems. 

(1) For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions and abbreviations apply: 

"Gas/gas method" means either of two methods for determining capture that rely only on gas 

phase measurements. One method requires construction of a temporary total enclosure (TTE) to 

ensure all potential fugitive emissions are measured while the other method uses the room or 

building that houses the source as an enclosure. 

"Hood" means a partial enclosure or canopy for capturing and exhausting, by means of a draft, 

the organic vapors or other fumes rising from a coating process or other source. 

"Liquid/gas method" means either of two methods for determining capture that require both gas 

phase and liquid phase measurements and analysis . One liquid/gas method requires construction 

of a temporary enclosure, and the other uses the building or room that houses the facility as an 

enclosure. 

"Process line" means any coating unit, coating line, coating operation, or printing press. 

"PTE" is a permanent total enclosure, which contains a process that emits VOC and meets the 

specifications given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T. 

"TTE" is a temporary total enclosure that is built around a process that emits VOC and meets the 

specifications given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T. 

"BE" is a building or room enclosure that contains a process that emits VOC. If a BE is to 

substitute for a PTE or TTE, the appropriate requirements given in Chapter 126 Appendix A 

Procedure T shall be met. 

(2) Applicability. 

(i) The requirements of paragraph (a)(3) shall apply to all regulated VOC emitting 

processes using a control system except as provided below. 

(ii) If a source owner or operator installs a PTE that meets EPA specifications, and 

that directs all VOC to a control device, the capture efficiency is assumed to be 100 

percent, and the source is exempted from the requirements described in paragraph (a)(3). 

Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall be used to determine whether a structure is a 

PTE. This does not exempt a source from performing any control device efficiency 

testing required under this subpart . In addition, a source shall demonstrate that all 

criteria for a PTE are met during the testing for capture efficiency. 
10 

(iii) If a source owner or operator uses a control device designed to collect and 

recover VOC (e.g ., carbon adsorber), an explicit measurement of capture efficiency is 

not necessary if the conditions given below are met. The overall emission reduction 

efficiency of the control system shall be determined each day by directly comparing the 

input liquid VOC (liters) to the recovered liquid VOC. The procedure for use in this 

situation is specified in 40 CFR 60.433 with the following modifications : 

(A) The source owner or operator shall obtain data each day for the solvent 

usage and solvent recovery and determine the solvent recovery efficiency of the 

system each day using a 7-day rolling period. The recovery efficiency for each 

day is computed as the ratio of the total recovered solvent for that day and the 

prior 6 consecutive operating days to the total solvent usage for the same 7-day 

period used for the recovered solvent, rather than a 30-day weighted average as 

given in 40 CFR 60.433. This ratio shall be expressed as a percentage. This 

shall be done within 72 hours following each 24-hour period, and 

(B) If the solvent recovery system controls multiple process lines, the source 

owner or operator shall demonstrate that the overall control (i .e ., the total 

recovered solvent VOC divided by the sum of liquid VOC input to all process 

lines venting to the control system) meets or exceeds the most stringent standard 

applicable for any process line venting to the control system. 

Specific Requirements. 

(i) The capture efficiency shall be measured using one of the four protocols given in 

paragraphs (a)(3)(iii)(A) through (a)(3)(iii)(D) of this section. During any capture 

efficiency test, the average face velocity of each emissions collection point ducted to the 

control device shall be measured and recorded. In addition, the distance between each 

collection point ducted to the control device and the emission source shall be measured 

and recorded. Measurements of average face velocity shall be done by determining 

average volumetric flow rate using, Reference Method 2, 2A or 2C of 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A and dividing by the total area of the face of the collection point. 

(ii) Any error margin associated with a test protocol may not be incorporated into 

the results of a capture efficiency test . 

(iii) Any source required to comply with this section shall use one of the following 

protocols to measure capture efficiency, unless a suitable alternative protocol is 

approved by the Department and EPA: 

(A) Gas/gas method using TTE. Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall 

be used to determine whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The capture 

efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is : 

Gw CE _ 

Gw+Fw 
11 

CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction; 

Gw = mass of VOC captured and delivered to control device using a TTE; and 

Fw = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE. 

Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain Fw & Gw. 

(B) Liquid/gas method using TTE. Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T 

shall be used to determine whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The capture 

efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is : 

e-I L - F E = 

L 

CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction; 

L = mass of liquid VOC input to process; and 

F = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE. 

Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain L and F. 

(C) Gas/gas method using the building or room (BE) in which the source is 

located as the enclosure and in which G and F are measured while operating only 

the source to be tested . All fans and blowers in the building or room shall be 

operated as they would be under normal production. The capture efficiency 

equation to be used for this protocol is : 

CE = 

G 

G + FB 

CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction; 

G = mass of VOC captured and delivered to a control device; and 

FB = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building enclosure. 

Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain G and FB. 

(D) Liquid/gas method using the building or room (BE) in which the source 

is located as the enclosure and in which L and F are measured while operating 

only the source to be tested . All fans and blowers in the building or room shall 
12 

be operated as they would under normal production. The capture efficiency 

equation to be used for this protocol is : 

CE = 

L FB 

L 

where: 

CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction ; 

L = mass of liquid VOC input to process; and 

FB = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building enclosure. 

Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain L and FB . 

(4) Recordkeeping and Reporting. 

(i) All sources complying with this section shall maintain on file a copy of the 

capture efficiency protocol submitted to the Department. All results of appropriate test 

methods and CE protocols shall be reported to the Department within 60 days of the test 

date. A copy of the results shall be kept on file with the source. 

(ii) If any changes are made to capture or control equipment, the source is required 

to notify the Department in writing within 30 days of these changes and a new capture 

efficiency and/or control device destruction or removal efficiency test may be required. 

A change to the capture or control equipment shall be defined as any modification to or 

malfunction of the capture system or control system that increases the distance between 

any emissions collection point and the emissions source that the collection point is 

serving or that reduces the average face velocity at any emissions collection point ducted 

to the control device to a value less than 90% of the value measured and recorded during 

the capture efficiency test . Reduction in the air flow at a collection point that occurs 

because the emission source that the collection point is serving is not being utilized shall 

not be considered a change requiring Department notification . Measurements of average 

face velocity shall be done at all collection points whenever any physical changes are 

made to the capture system. 

The source must notify the Department 30 days prior to performing any capture 

efficiency and/or control efficiency tests . 

(b) Determining the destruction or removal efficiency of incinerators and carbon adsorbers. 

(1) Testing. 

(i) The control device destruction or removal efficiency shall be determined from 

data obtained by simultaneously measuring the inlet and outlet gas-phase VOC 

concentrations and gas volumetric flow rates in accordance with the gas-phase test 

methods specified in this Appendix. The control device destruction or removal 

efficiency shall be calculated using the following equation: 
13 

n m 

loci- YQi C. 

i=1 j=1 

n 

Y QZ Cl 

i=1 

where: 

E = VOC destruction efficiency of the control device; 

Qi = Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing through stack i entering the 

control device, dry standard cubic meters per hour (dscm/hr); 

Ci = Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent gas flowing through stack i 

entering the control device, parts per million by volume (ppmv); 

Qj = Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing through stack j leaving the 

control device, dscm/hr; 

Cj = Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent gas , flowing through stack j 

leaving the control device, ppmv; 

n = The number of vents to the control device; and 

m = The number of vents after the control device. 

(ii) A source using a PTE (or a BE as a PTE) shall demonstrate that this enclosure 

meets the requirements given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T for a PTE during 

any testing of a control device. 

(iii) A source using a TTE (or a BE as a TTE) shall demonstrate that this enclosure 

meets the requirements given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T for a TTE during 

testing of a control device. The source shall also provide documentation that the quality 

assurance criteria for a TTE have been achieved. 

(2) Monitoring. 

(i) Any owner or operator who uses an incinerator or regenerative carbon adsorber 

to comply with any part of this subpart shall install, calibrate, certify to the Department, 

operate, and maintain continuous monitoring equipment. The continuous monitoring 

equipment shall monitor the following parameters: 

(A) Combustion chamber temperature of each thermal incinerator or 

afterburner; 
14 

(B) Temperature rise immediately before the catalyst bed and across each 

catalytic incinerator bed; and 

(C) The VOC concentration of the outlet from each carbon adsorption bed. 

(ii) The continuous temperature monitoring equipment must be equipped with a 

continuous recorder and have an accuracy of nl percent of the combustion temperature 

being measured expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) or n0.5°C, whichever is greater. 

(iii) The owner or operator shall ensure that the quality assurance measures in 

Procedure H and the quality control procedures in Procedure F are met. 

(c) Determining the overall emission reduction efficiency. The overall emission reduction efficiency 

of the emission control system shall be determined each day as the product of the capture efficiency, as 

determined using the capture efficiency test method in Chapter 126 Appendix A and the control device 

destruction or removal efficiency; or for each solvent recovery system, by the test protocol described in 

paragraph (a)(2)(iii)(A) of this section for comparing liquid input to liquid VOC recovery. The results of 

the capture efficiency test and control device destruction or removal efficiency test remain valid for each 

day until a subsequent test is performed. The results of any valid test may be used for each day until 

superseded by the results of a valid test subsequently performed. 
15 

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE F 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures : 

Determining the Destruction or Removal Efficiency of a Control Device 

(a) Depending upon the conditions at a test site, one of the following test methods from 40 CFR Part 

60, Appendix A, must be used to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations of a gas 

stream at the inlet and outlet of a control device: 

(1) Method 18; 

(2) Method 25; or 

(3) Method 25A. 

(b) The method selected shall be based on consideration of the diversity of organic species present 

and their total concentration and on consideration of the potential presence of interfering gases. Because 

of the different response factors for the many organic compounds formed during the combustion process, 

only Method 25, which measures VOC as carbon, may be used for determining destruction efficiency of 

incinerators or catalytic incinerators, except in cases where the allowable outlet VOC concentration of 

the control device is less than 50 ppm as carbon, in which case Method 25A should be used. 

(c) Except as indicated in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, a test shall consist of three 

separate runs, each lasting a minimum of 60 minutes (min), unless the Department determines that 

process variables dictate shorter sampling times. 

(1) When the method is to be used to determine the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon 

adsorption system with a common exhaust stack for all of the individual adsorber vessels, the test 

shall consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete sequences 

through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels . 

(2) When the method is to be used to determine the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon 

adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel shall be tested 

individually . The test for each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate runs. Each run 

shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption cycles . 

(d) Method 1 or lA of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used for velocity traverses . 

(e) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used for velocity and 

volumetric flow rates. 

(f) 

(g) 

Method 3 or 3A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used for 02 and C02 analysis . 

Method 4 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used for stack gas moisture. 

(h) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, 3A and 4 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be performed, as 

applicable, at least twice during each test run. 

(i) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an adaptation to any of the analytical methods 

specified in paragraphs (a) and (d) through (h) of this section shall be approved by the Department and 
16 

EPA on a case-by-case basis. An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for the 

Department and EPA to find that the analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a) and (d) through (h) 

will yield inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is appropriate . 
17 

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE G 

Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Leak Detection Methods for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). 

(a) Owners or operators required to carry out a leak detection monitoring program shall comply with 

the following requirements : 

(1) Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with Method 21 of 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A. 

(2) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21 . 

(3) The detection instrument shall be calibrated before and after use on each day of its use 

by the methods specified in Method 21 . Failure to achieve a post-use calibration precision of 

less than 10 percent shall constitute grounds for rejecting all tests performed since the last preuse calibration . In such cases, required leak tests must be reperformed. 

(4) Calibration gases shall be: 

(i) Zero air (less than 10 parts per million [ppm] of hydrocarbon in air) ; and 

(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a concentration of approximately, 

but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or n-hexane. 

(5) The detection instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak interfaces as 

close to the interface as possible as described in Method 21 . 

(b) When equipment is tested for compliance with the requirement that there be no detectable 

emissions, the test shall comply with the following: 

(1) The requirements of paragraph (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section shall apply and shall 

be met, and 

(2) The background level shall be determined as set forth in Method 21 . 

(c) Leak detection shall be performed consistent with: 

(1) "APTI Course SI 417-Controlling Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Leaking 

Process Equipment", EPA-450/2-82-015 ; 

(2) "Portable Instrument User's Manual for Monitoring VOC Sources", EPA-340/1-86-015 ; 

(3) "Protocols for Generating Unit-Specific Emission Estimates for Equipment Leaks of 

VOC and VHAP", EPA-450/3-88-010 ; and 

(4) "Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Manual", EPA-340/1-80-008 . 
18 

(d) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an adaptation to any analytical methods specified in 

paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section shall be approved by the Department and EPA on a case-bycase basis . An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for the Department and EPA to 

find that the analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) will yield inaccurate results and 

that the proposed adaptation is appropriate. 
19 

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDURE H 

(a) Applicability. 

Performance Specifications for Continuous Emissions 

Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons 

(1) This method applies to the measurement of total hydrocarbons as a surrogate measure for 

the total gaseous organic concentration of the combustion gas stream . The concentration is 

expressed in terms of propane . 

(2) The Department may approve the use of gas conditioning, including cooling to between 

4.4° and 18°C (40° and 64°F), and condensate traps to reduce the moisture content of the sample 

gas if the owner/operator : 

(i) Successfully demonstrates to the Department that the use of such system is 

necessary for the specific application ; and 

(ii) Includes in the demonstration a quantification of the total hydrocarbon 

concentration (THC) lost to the gas conditioning system. 

(b) Principle. A gas sample is extracted from the source through a heated sample line and heated 

glass fiber filter to a flame ionization detector (FIID) . Results are reported as volume concentration 

equivalents of the propane. 

(c) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given 

them in the applicable chapters and in Maine's Chapter 100 "Definitions regulation" and Chapter 117 

Source Surveillance. 

"Calibration drift" means the difference in the measurement system response to a mid-level 

calibration gas before and after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled 

maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place. 

"Calibration error" means the difference between the gas concentration indicated by the 

measurement system and the known concentration of the calibration system. 

"Calibration gas" means a known concentration of gas in an appropriate diluent gas. 

"Measurement system" means the total equipment required for the determination of the inlet and 

outlet gas concentrations, percent capture efficiency, and gas outlet emission rate. The system 

consists of the following major subsystems: 

(1) Sample interface--the portion of the system that is used for one or more of the following : 

(i) Sample acquisition; 
20 

(ii) Sample transportation; 

(iii) Sample conditioning; or 

(iv) Protection of the analyzer from the effects of the stack effluent ; 

(2) Organic analyzer--the portion of the system that senses organic concentration and 

generates an output proportional to the gas concentration; 

(3) Data recorder--the portion of the system that records a permanent record of the 

measurement values; and 

(4) Flow rate system--a gas volume meter meeting the requirements of Method 2A, Section 

2.1 (40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A). 

"Response time" means the time interval from a step change in pollutant concentration at the 

inlet to the emission measurement system to the time at which 95 percent of the corresponding 

final value is reached as displayed on the recorder 

"Span value" means for most incinerators, a 50 parts per million (ppm) propane span. Higher 

span values may be necessary if propane emissions are significant . For convenience, the span 

value should correspond to 100 percent of the recorder scale. 

"Zero drift" means the difference in the measurement system response to a zero level calibration 

gas before and after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, 

repair, or adjustment took place. 

(d) Apparatus . [Note: this method is often applied in highly explosive areas . Caution should be 

exercised in choice of equipment and installation.] An acceptable measurement system i includes a 

sample interface system, a calibration valve, gas filter and a pump preceding the analyzer . THC 

measurement systems are designated HOT or COLD systems based on the operating temperatures of the 

system. In HOT systems, all components in contact with the sample gas (probe, calibration valve, filter, 

and sample lines) as well as all parts of the flame ionization analyzer between the sample inlet and the 

FID must be maintained between 150° to 175°C. This includes the sample pump if it is located on the 

inlet side of the FID. A condensate trap may be installed, if necessary, to prevent any condensate 

entering the F1D. The essential components of the measurement system are as follows: 

(1) Organic concentration analyzer. An FIID capable of meeting or exceeding the 

specifications in this method. 

(2) Sample probe. 

(i) Stainless steel, or equivalent, three hole rake type. Sample holes shall be 4 

millimeters (mm) (0.2 inches [in .] in diameter or smaller and located at 16.7, 50, and 

83.3 percent of the equivalent stack diameter; or 

(ii) A single opening probe so that a gas sample is collected from the centrally 

located 10 percent area of the stack cross section. 
21 

(3) Sample line. Stainless steel or Teflon tubing to transport the sample gas to the analyzer. 

The sample line from the heated probe shall be heated to between 150 and 175°C (302° and 

347°F) . 

(4) Calibration valve assembly . 

(i) A heated three-way valve assembly to direct the zero and calibration gases to the 

analyzers; or 

(ii) Other methods, such as quick-connect lines, to route calibration gas to the 

analyzers. 

(5) Particulate filter. An in-stack or an out-of-stack glass fiber filter if exhaust gas 

particulate loading is significant . An out-of-stack filter must be heated. 

(6) Recorder. A strip-chart recorder, analog computer, or digital recorder for recording 

measurement data. The minimum data recording shall be one measurement value per minute. 

(e) Calibration gases and other gases. 

(1) Gases used for calibration, fuel, and combustion air shall be contained in compressed gas 

cylinders . 

(2) Preparation of calibration gases shall be done according to the procedure in Protocol No. 

1, listed in the reference in paragraph (1)(2) of this section . 

(3) The recommended shelf life for each calibration gas cylinder over which the 

concentration does not change more than n2 percent from the certified value shall be obtained 

from the cylinder manufacturer. 

(4) The following calibration and other gases shall be used: 

(i) Fuel. A 40 percent hydrogen and 60 percent helium or 40 percent hydrogen and 

60 percent nitrogen gas mixture to avoid an oxygen synergism effect that reportedly 

occurs when oxygen concentration varies significantly from a mean value. 

(ii) Zero gas. High purity air with less than 0.1 parts per million by volume (ppmv) 

of organic material methane or carbon equivalent or less than 0.1 percent of the span 

value, whichever is greater. 

(iii) Low-level calibration gas. Propane calibration gas (in air or nitrogen) with a 

concentration equivalent to 20 to 30 percent of the applicable span value. 

(iv) Mid-level calibration gas. Propane calibration gas with a concentration 

equivalent to 45 to 55 percent of the applicable span value. 

(v) High-level calibration gas. Propane calibration gas with a concentration 

equivalent to 80 to 90 percent of the applicable span value. 
22 

(f) Measurement system performance specifications . 

(1) Zero drift shall be less than n3 percent of the span value. 

(2) Calibration drift shall be less than ii3 percent of the span value. 

(3) Calibration error shall be less than n5 percent of the calibration gas value. 

(g) Pretest preparations. 

(1) Selection of sampling site . 

(i) The location of the sampling site shall be determined from the applicable section 

of this subpart or purpose of the test (i .e., exhaust stack, inlet line, etc.) . 

(ii) The sample port shall be located at least 1 .5 meters (4.9 feet) or 2 equivalent 

diameters upstream of the gas discharge to the atmosphere. 

(2) Location of sample probe. The sample probe must be installed so that the probe is 

centrally located in the stack, pipe or duct and is sealed tightly at the stack port connection. 

(3) Measurement systems preparation . Prior to the emission test, the measurement system 

must be assembled following the manufacturer's written instructions in preparing the sample 

interface and the organic analyzer . The system must be operable. 

(4) Calibration error test. 

(i) Inunediately prior to the test series (within 2 hours of the start of the test), zero 

gas and high-level calibration gas shall be introduced at the calibration valve assembly. 

(ii) The analyzer output shall be adjusted to the appropriate levels, if necessary. 

(iii) The predicted response for the low-level and mid-level gases shall be calculated 

based on a linear response line between the zero and high-level responses. 

(iv) Low-level and mid-level calibration gases shall be introduced successively to the 

measurement system. 

(v) The analyzer responses for low-level and mid-level calibration gases shall be 

recorded, and the differences between the measurement system responses and the 

predicted responses shall be determined. These differences must be less than n5 percent 

of the respective calibration gas value. If not, the measurement system shall be deemed 

not acceptable and must be replaced or repaired prior to testing. No adjustments to the 

measurement system shall be conducted after the calibration and before the drift 

determination found in paragraph (h)(2) of this section . 

(vi) If adjustments are necessary before the completion of the test series, the drift 

checks shall be performed prior to the required adjustments, and the calibration 

following the adjustments shall be repeated . 
23 

(vii) If multiple electronic ranges are to be used, each additional range must be 

checked with a mid-level calibration gas to verify the multiplication factor. 

(5) Response time test. 

(i) Zero gas shall be introduced into the measurement system at the calibration 

valve assembly. 

(ii) When the system output has stabilized, the owner or operator shall switch 

quickly to the high-level calibration gas. 

(iii) The time shall be recorded from the concentration change to the measurement 

system response equivalent to 95 percent of the step change. 

(iv) The test shall be repeated three times and the results averaged. 

(h) Emission measurement test procedure. 

(1) 

(i) Immediately following the completion of the test period and hourly during the 

test period, the zero and mid-level calibration gases shall be introduced, one at a time, to 

the measurement system at the calibration valve assembly. No adjustments to the 

measurement system shall be made until after both the zero and calibration drift checks 

are made. 

(ii) The analyzer response shall be recorded. 

(iii) If the drift values exceed the specified limits, the test results shall be invalidated 

preceding the check, and the test shall be repeated following corrections to the 

measurement system. 

(iv) Alternatively, the test measurement system may be recalibrated as in paragraph 

(g)(4) of this section and the results reported using both sets of calibration data (i .e ., data 

determined prior to the test period and data determined following the test period). 

(i) Organic concentration calculations . The average organic concentration shall be determined in 

terms of ppmv propane by the integration of the output recording over the period specified in the 

applicable section of this subpart. 

Organic measurement. 

(i) Sampling shall begin at the start of the test period. 

(ii) Time and any required process information shall be recorded, as appropriate . 

(iii) Periods of process interruption or cyclic operation shall be noted on the 

recording chart. 

(2) Drift determination . 

(j) Quality assurance . 
24 

(1) The owner or operator shall assure proper calibration, maintenance, and operation of the 

continuous emissions monitoring system on a continual basis. 

(2) The owner or operator shall establish a quality assurance program to evaluate and 

monitor performance on a continual basis. The following checks shall routinely be done: 

(i) A daily calibration check for each monitor. The calibration shall be adjusted if 

the check indicates the instrument's calibration drift exceeds the specification established 

in paragraph (f) of this section ; 

(ii) A daily system audit which includes the following : 

(A) A review of the calibration check data; 

(B) An inspection of the recording system; 

(C) An inspection of the control panel warning lights; and 

(D) An inspection of the sample transport/interface system (e.g., flowmeters, 

filters), as appropriate; 

(iii) A quarterly calibration error test at the span midpoint; and 

(iv) The entire performance specification test repeated every second year. 

(k) Reporting of total hydrocarbon levels . 

(1) The total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) levels from the initial compliance 

certification test shall be reported as ppm propane for inlet and outlet concentrations and as a 

percent reduction across the control device . 

(2) THC levels shall be expressed in milligrams per second (mg/sec) or pounds per second 

(lb/sec). 

(3) This conversion shall be accomplished using the following equation: 

THC, mg/sec = (THC ppm propane) x (stack gas flow) x 5 .2 x 10-2 

where: 

THC ppm propane = the total hydrocarbon concentration as actually measured by this method 

in ppm propane at the inlet or outlet . 

Stack gas flow = measured in dry standard cubic feet as time needed as determined by the 

flowmeter system or Methods 2 and 4. 

5 .2 x 10-2 = constant to account for the conversion of units. 

(1) References. 
25 

(1) Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds--Guideline Series. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publication No. EPA-450/2-78-041 . 

June 1978. p. 46-54. 

(2) Traceability Protocol for Establishing True Concentrations of Gases Used for Calibration 

and Audits of Continuous Source Emission Monitors (Protocol No. 1). U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina . June 1973. 

(3) Gasoline Vapor Emission Laboratory Evaluation--Part 2. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards . Research Triangle Park, 

North Carolina . EMB Report No. 75-GAS-6. August 1975 . 

(4) Appendix D: Performance Specifications for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Total 

Hydrocarbons in Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial Furnaces. Federal 

Register. 54:206 pp. 43743-43745. October 26, 1989. 
26 

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 

PROCEDUREI 

Quality Control Procedures for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) 

(a) CEMS quality control (QC) program. Each owner or operator of a CEMS shall develop and 

implement a CEMS QC program. At a minimum, each QC program shall include written procedures that 

describe in detail step-by-step procedures and operations for each of the following: 

(1) Initial and routine periodic calibration of the CEMS. 

(2) Calibration drift (CD) determination and adjustment of the CEMS . 

(3) Preventative maintenance of the CEMS (including spare parts inventory). 

(4) Data recording, calculations, and reporting. 

(5) Accuracy audit procedures including sampling and analysis methods . 

(6) Program of corrective action for malfunctioning CEMS. 

(b) Determining out-of-control condition for the CEMS . 

(1) If either the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD exceeds twice the applicable drift 

specification in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, for five consecutive daily periods, the CEMS is 

out-of-control . 

(2) If either the zero (or low-level) or high-level CD exceeds four times the applicable drift 

specification in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, during any CD check, the CEMS is out-of-control . 

(3) If the CEMS fails a performance audit (PA), the CEMS is out-of-control, and the owner 

or operator shall take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem . Following the 

corrective action, the source owner or operator shall reconduct the appropriate failed portion of 

the audit and other applicable portions to determine whether the monitoring system is operating 

properly and within specifications . Monitoring data obtained during any out-of-control period 

may not be used for compliance determination or meet any data capture requirements; however, 

the data can be used for identifying periods when there has been a failure to meet quality 

assurance/quality control criteria . 

(c) Determining the out-of-control time period for the CEMS. 

(1) The beginning of the out-of-control period is : 

(i) The time corresponding to the completion of the fifth consecutive daily CD 

check with CD in excess of two times the allowable limit, or 
27 

(ii) The time corresponding to completion of the daily CD check preceding the daily 

CD check that results in a CD in excess of four times the allowable limit. 

(2) The end of the out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the 

CD check following corrective action that results in the CD at both the zero (or low-level) and 

high-level measurement points being within the corresponding allowable CD limit (i .e ., either 

two times or four times the allowable limit in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B). 

(3) If the CEMS failed a PA, the beginning of the out-of-control period is the time 

corresponding to the completion of the failed audit test. The end of the out-of-control period is 

the time corresponding to a successful retest of the PA sample. 

(d) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall keep the QC procedure described in paragraph (a) 

of this section in a readily accessible location for at least 5 years and shall make the procedure available 

to the Department and/or EPA upon verbal or written request. 

(e) Reporting. Upon verbal or written request, the owner or operator shall submit to the Department 

and/or EPA a copy of all information and records documenting out-of-control periods including 

beginning and end dates and descriptions of corrective actions taken.