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[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2062 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

104th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2062

 To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, 
                        and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 10, 1996

 Mr. Domenici introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
               referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, 
                        and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Juvenile Justice 
Modernization Act of 1996''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
                  TITLE I--REFORM OF EXISTING PROGRAMS

Sec. 101. Findings and purpose.
Sec. 102. Definitions.
Sec. 103. Youth violence reduction.
Sec. 104. Annual report.
Sec. 105. Block grants for State and local programs.
Sec. 106. Allocation.
Sec. 107. State plans.
Sec. 108. Repeals.
      TITLE II--INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY-BASED REFORMS

Sec. 201. Incentive grants for accountability-based reforms.
                     TITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 302. Technical and conforming amendments.
Sec. 303. Effective date; applicability of amendments.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that--
            (1) the Nation's juvenile justice system is in trouble--
        facilities are dangerously overcrowded, field staff is 
        overworked, and a growing number of children are breaking the 
        law;
            (2) a redesigned juvenile corrections program for the next 
        century should be based on 4 principles--accountability for 
        offenders and their families, restitution for victims, 
        community-based prevention, and community involvement;
            (3) existing programs have not adequately responded to the 
        particular problems of juvenile delinquents in the 1990's;
            (4) State and local communities, which experience directly 
        the devastating failure of the juvenile justice system, do not 
        presently have sufficient resources to deal comprehensively 
        with the problems of juvenile crime and delinquency;
            (5) limited State and local resources are being 
        unnecessarily wasted complying with overly technical Federal 
        requirements for ``sight and sound'' separation currently in 
        effect under the 1974 Act. Prohibiting the commingling of 
        adults and juvenile populations would achieve this important 
        purpose without imposing an undue burden on State and local 
        governments;
            (6) limited State and local resources are being 
        unnecessarily wasted complying with the overly restrictive 
        Federal mandate that no juveniles be detained or confined in 
        any jail or lockup for adults. This mandate is particularly 
        burdensome for rural communities;
            (7) the juvenile justice system should give additional 
        attention to the problem of juveniles who commit serious 
        crimes, with particular attention given to the area of 
        sentencing;
            (8) the term ``prevention'' in the context of this Act 
        means both ensuring that families have a greater chance to 
        raise their children so that those children do not engage in 
        criminal or delinquent activities, and preventing children who 
        have engaged in those activities from becoming permanently 
entrenched in the juvenile justice system;
            (9) in 1992 alone, there were over 110,000 juvenile arrests 
        for violent crimes, and 16.64 times that number of juvenile 
        arrests for property and other crimes;
            (10) in 1994, males ages 14 through 24 constituted only 8 
        percent of the population but accounted for more than 25 
        percent of all homicide victims and nearly half of all 
        convicted murderers;
            (11) in a survey of 250 judges, 93 percent of those judges 
        stated that juvenile offenders should be fingerprinted, 85 
        percent stated that juvenile criminal records should be made 
        available to adult authorities, and 40 percent stated that the 
        minimum age for facing murder charges should be 14 or 15;
            (12) studies indicate that good parenting skills, including 
        normative development, monitoring, and discipline, clearly 
        affects whether children will become delinquent, and adequate 
        supervision of free-time activities, whereabouts, and peer 
        interaction is critical to ensure that children do not drift 
        into delinquency;
            (13) 20 years ago, less than half of our Nation's cities 
        reported gang activity, while a generation later, reasonable 
        estimates indicate that there are now more than 500,000 gang 
        members in more than 16,000 gangs on the streets of our cities, 
        and there were more than 580,000 gang crimes in 1993;
            (14) while the premise of adult corrections is that 
        incarceration prevents the offender from committing additional 
        crimes and punishes the offender by depriving the offender of 
        freedom, the premise of juvenile corrections and this Act is 
        that, unlike adults, children have a significant potential to 
        change and become productive, law-abiding members of society if 
        the juvenile justice system is premised upon accountability, 
        consistent imposition of sanctions and graduated sanctions 
        imposed so that every wrongful Act has a penalty;
            (15) the high incidence of delinquency in the United States 
        today results in an enormous annual cost and an immeasurable 
        loss of human life, personal security, and wasted human 
        resources; and
            (16) juvenile delinquency constitutes a growing threat to 
        the national welfare, requiring immediate and comprehensive 
        action by the Federal Government to reduce and eliminate this 
        threat.

                  TITLE I--REFORM OF EXISTING PROGRAMS

SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Section 101 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5601) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a); and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``(b)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Federal Government'' and 
                inserting ``Federal, State, and local governments''.
    (b) Purpose.--Section 102 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5602) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 102. PURPOSES.

    ``The purposes of this title and title II are--
            ``(1) to assist State and local governments in promoting 
        public safety by supporting juvenile delinquency prevention and 
        control activities;
            ``(2) to encourage and promote programs designed to keep in 
        school juvenile delinquents expelled or suspended for 
        disciplinary reasons;
            ``(3) to assist State and local governments in promoting 
        public safety by encouraging accountability through the 
        imposition of meaningful sanctions for acts of juvenile 
        delinquency;
            ``(4) to assist State and local governments in promoting 
        public safety by improving the extent, accuracy, availability 
        and usefulness of juvenile court and law enforcement records 
        and the openness of the juvenile justice system;
            ``(5) to assist State and local governments in promoting 
        public safety by encouraging the identification of violent and 
        hardcore juveniles and transferring such juveniles out of the 
        jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system and into the 
        jurisdiction of adult criminal court;
            ``(6) to assist State and local governments in promoting 
        public safety by providing resources to States to build or 
        expand juvenile detention facilities;
            ``(7) to provide for the evaluation of federally assisted 
        juvenile crime control programs, and training necessary for the 
        establishment and operation of such programs;
            ``(8) to ensure the dissemination of information regarding 
        juvenile crime control programs by providing a national 
        clearinghouse; and
            ``(9) to provide technical assistance to public and private 
        nonprofit juvenile justice and delinquency prevention 
        programs.''.

SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5603) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``punishment,'' after 
        ``control,'';
            (2) in paragraph (22)(iii), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (23), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
            ``(24) the term `serious violent crime' means--
                    ``(A) murder or nonnegligent manslaughter, or 
                robbery; or
                    ``(B) aggravated assault committed with the use of 
                a firearm, kidnaping, felony aggravated battery, 
                assault with intent to commit a serious violent crime, 
                and vehicular homicide committed while under the 
                influence of an intoxicating liquor or controlled 
                substance; and
            ``(25) the term `serious habitual offender' means a 
        juvenile who meets one or more of the following criteria:
                    ``(A) Arrest for a capital, life, or first degree 
                aggravated sexual offense.
                    ``(B) Not less than 5 arrests, with 3 arrests 
                chargeable as felonies and at least 3 arrests occurring 
                within the preceding 12 months.
                    ``(C) Not less than 10 arrests, with 2 arrests 
                chargeable as felonies and at least 3 arrests occurring 
                within the preceding 12 months.
                    ``(D) Not less than 10 arrests, with 8 or more 
                arrests for misdemeanor crimes involving theft, 
                assault, battery, narcotics possession or distribution, 
                or possession of weapons, and at least 3 arrests 
                occurring within the preceding 12 months.''.

SEC. 103. YOUTH VIOLENCE REDUCTION.

    (a) Office of Youth Violence Reduction.--Section 201 of the 
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 
5611) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice and 
        Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of Youth 
        Violence Reduction''; and
            (2) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(b) Administrator.--The Office shall be headed by an 
Administrator (hereafter in this title referred to as the 
`Administrator') who--
            ``(1) shall--
                    ``(A) be a career appointee (as that term is 
                defined in section 3132(a)(4) of title 5, United States 
                Code) serving at the pleasure of the Attorney General 
                and having experience in juvenile justice programs; and
                    ``(B) report to the head of the Office of Justice 
                Programs; and
            ``(2) may prescribe regulations consistent with this Act to 
        award, administer, modify, extend, terminate, monitor, 
        evaluate, reject, or deny all grants and contracts from, and 
        applications for, funds made available under this title.''.
    (b) Concentration of Federal Efforts.--Section 204 of the Juvenile 
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5614) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) in the first sentence, by inserting before 
                ``diversion'' the following: ``punishment'';
                    (B) in the first sentence, by inserting before the 
                period the following: ``, and shall submit such plan to 
                the Congress''; and
                    (C) by striking the second sentence;
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by adding ``and'' at the end; 
                and
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (2) through (7) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(2) reduce duplication among Federal juvenile delinquency 
        programs and activities conducted by Federal departments and 
        agencies.'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (f); and
            (4) by striking subsection (i).
    (c) Coordinating Council on Youth Violence Reduction.--Section 206 
of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 
U.S.C. 5616) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``juvenile justice 
        and delinquency prevention'' and inserting ``youth violence 
        reduction''; and
            (2) by striking ``Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' each 
        place that term appears and inserting ``Youth Violence 
        Reduction''.

SEC. 104. ANNUAL REPORT.

    Not later than 180 days after the end of a fiscal year, the 
Administrator shall submit to the President, the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, the President pro tempore of the Senate, and the 
Governor of each State a report that contains the following with 
respect to such fiscal year:
            (1) Summary and analysis.--A detailed summary and analysis 
        of the most recent data available regarding the number of 
        juveniles taken into custody, the rate at which juveniles are 
        taken into custody, the number of repeat offenders, the number 
        of juveniles using weapons, the number of juvenile and adults 
        victims and the trends demonstrated by the data required by 
        subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C). Such summary and analysis 
        shall set out the information required by subparagraphs (A), 
        (B), (C), and (D) separately for juvenile nonoffenders, 
        juvenile status offenders, and other juvenile offenders. Such 
        summary and analysis shall separately address with respect to 
        each category of juveniles specified in the preceding 
        sentence--
                    (A) the types of offenses with which the juveniles 
                are charged, data on serious violent crimes committed 
                by juveniles and data on serious habitual offenders;
                    (B) the race and gender of the juveniles and their 
                victims;
                    (C) the ages of the juveniles and their victims;
                    (D) the types of facilities used to hold the 
                juveniles (including juveniles treated as adults for 
                purposes of prosecution) in custody, including secure 
                detention facilities, secure correctional facilities, 
                jails, and lockups;
                    (E) the number of juveniles who died while in 
                custody and the circumstances under which they died;
                    (F) the educational status of juveniles, including 
                information relating to learning disabilities, failing 
                performance, grade retention, and dropping out of 
                school;
                    (G) the number of juveniles who are substance 
                abusers; and
                    (H) information on juveniles fathering or giving 
                birth to illegitimate children and whether these 
                juveniles have assumed financial responsibility for 
                their children.
            (2) Activities funded.--A description of the activities for 
        which funds are expended under this part.
            (3) State compliance.--A description based on the most 
        recent data available of the extent to which each State 
        complies with section 223 and with the plan submitted under 
        such section by the State for such fiscal year.
            (4) Summary and explanation.--A summary of each program or 
        activity for which assistance is provided under part C or D, an 
        evaluation of the results of such program or activity, and a 
        determination of the feasibility and advisability of replacing 
        such program or activity in other locations.
            (5) Exemplary programs and practices.--A description of 
        selected exemplary delinquency prevention programs and 
        accountability based youth violence reduction practices.

SEC. 105. BLOCK GRANTS FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS.

    Section 221 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5631) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting before the period at 
        the end the following: ``, including initiatives for holding 
        juveniles accountable for any act for which they are 
        adjudicated delinquent, increasing public awareness of juvenile 
        proceedings, and improving the content, accuracy, availability, 
        and usefulness of juvenile court and law enforcement records 
        (including fingerprints and photographs) and education programs 
        such as funding for extended hours for libraries and 
        recreational programs which benefit all juveniles'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(1) Of amounts made available to carry out this part in any 
fiscal year, $10,000,000 or 1 percent (whichever is greater) may be 
used by the Administrator--
            ``(A) to establish and maintain a clearinghouse to 
        disseminate to the States information on juvenile delinquency 
        prevention, treatment, and control; and
            ``(B) to provide training and technical assistance to 
        States to improve the administration of the juvenile justice 
        system.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the last 
                sentence.

SEC. 106. ALLOCATION.

    Section 222 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5632) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 222. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.

    ``(a) Allocation and Distribution of Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--Of the total amount made available to 
        carry out this part for each fiscal year, the Administrator 
        shall allocate to each State the sum of--
                    ``(A) an amount that bears the same relation to 
                one-third of such total as the number of juveniles in 
                the State bears to the number of juveniles in all 
                States;
                    ``(B) an amount that bears the same relation to 
                one-third of such total as the number of juveniles from 
                families with incomes below the poverty line in the 
                State bears to the number of such juveniles in all 
                States; and
                    ``(C) an amount that bears the same relation to 
                one-third of such total as the average annual number of 
                part 1 violent crimes reported by the State to the 
                Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 most recent 
                calendar years for which such data are available, bears 
                to the number of part 1 violent crimes reported by all 
                States to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for such 
                years.
            ``(2) Minimum requirement.--Each State shall receive not 
        less than 0.35 percent of one-third of the total amount 
        appropriated to carry out this part for each fiscal year.
            ``(3) Unavailability of information.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, if data regarding the measures governing allocation 
        of funds under paragraphs (1) and (2) in any State are 
        unavailable or substantially inaccurate, the Administrator and 
        the State shall utilize the best available comparable data for 
        the purposes of allocation of any funds under this part.
    ``(b) Availability.--Any amounts made available to carry out this 
section shall remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 107. STATE PLANS.

    Section 223 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5633) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking the second sentence;
                    (B) in paragraph (5) by striking ``, other than'' 
                and all that follows through ``section 222(d),''; and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (14) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(14) provide assurances that, in each secure facility 
        located in the State (including any jail or lockup for adults), 
        there is no commingling in the same cell or community room of, 
        or any other regular contact between--
                    ``(A) any juvenile detained or confined for any 
                period of time in that facility; and
                    ``(B) any adult offender detained or confined for 
                any period of time in that facility.'';
                    (D) by striking paragraphs (3), (8), (9), (10), 
                (12), (13), (15), (17), (18), (19), (24), and (25); and
                    (E) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), 
                (11), (14), (16), (20), (21), (22), and (23) as 
                paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), 
                (11), (12), and (13), respectively; and
            (2) by striking subsections (c) and (d).

SEC. 108. REPEALS.

    The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 
U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in title II--
                    (A) by striking parts C, E, F, G, and H;
                    (B) by striking part I, as added by Public Law 102-
                586; and
                    (C) by amending the heading of part I, as in effect 
                immediately before the date of enactment of Public Law 
                102-586, to read as follows:

         ``Part E--General and Administrative Provisions''; and

            (2) by striking title V, as added by Public Law 102-586.

      TITLE II--INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY-BASED REFORMS

SEC. 201. INCENTIVE GRANTS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY-BASED REFORMS.

    Title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) is amended by inserting after part B the 
following:

      ``Part C--Incentive Grants for Accountability-Based Reforms

``SEC. 241. AUTHORIZATION OF GRANTS.

    ``The Administrator shall provide juvenile delinquent 
accountability grants under section 242 to eligible States to carry out 
the purposes of this title.

``SEC. 242. ACCOUNTABILITY-BASED INCENTIVE GRANTS.

    ``(a) Eligibility for Grant.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
under section 241, a State shall submit to the Administrator an 
application at such time, in such form, and containing such assurances 
and information as the Administrator may require by rule, including 
assurances that the State has in effect (or will have in effect not 
later than 1 year after the date on which the State submits such 
application) laws, or has implemented (or will implement not later than 
1 year after the date on which the State submits such application)--
            ``(1) policies and programs that ensure that juveniles who 
        commit an act after attaining 14 years of age that would be a 
        serious violent crime if committed by an adult are treated as 
        adults for purposes of prosecution;
            ``(2) graduated sanctions for juvenile offenders, ensuring 
        a sanction for every delinquent or criminal act, ensuring that 
        the sanction is of increasing severity based on the nature of 
        the act, and escalating the sanction with each subsequent 
        delinquent or criminal act; and
            ``(3) a system of records relating to any adjudication of 
        juveniles less than 15 years of age who are adjudicated 
        delinquent for conduct that if committed by an adult would 
        constitute a serious violent crime. Such records shall be--
                    ``(A) equivalent to the records that would be kept 
                of adults arrested for such conduct, including 
                fingerprints and photographs;
                    ``(B) submitted to the Federal Bureau of 
                Investigation in the same manner as adult records are 
                so submitted;
                    ``(C) retained for a period of time that is equal 
                to the period of time records are retained for adults; 
                and
                    ``(D) available to law enforcement agencies, the 
                courts, and school officials (and such school officials 
                shall be subject to the same standards and penalties 
                that law enforcement and juvenile justice system 
                employees are subject to under Federal and State law, 
                for handling and disclosing such information).
    ``(b) Additional Amount Based on Accountability-Based Youth 
Violence Reduction Practices.--A State that receives a grant under 
subsection (a) is eligible to receive an additional amount of funds 
added to such grant if such State demonstrates that the State has in 
effect, or will have in effect, not later than 1 year after the 
deadline established by the Administrator for the submitting of 
applications under subsection (a) for the fiscal year at issue, not 
less than 5 of the following practices:
            ``(1) Victims' rights.--Increased victims' rights, 
        including the right to a final conclusion free from 
        unreasonable delay, and the right to be notified of any release 
        or escape of an offender who committed a crime against a 
        particular victim.
            ``(2) Victim restitution.--Mandatory victim restitution.
            ``(3) Access to proceedings.--Public access to juvenile 
        court proceedings.
            ``(4) Parental responsibility.--Juvenile curfews and 
        parental civil liability for serious acts committed by 
        juveniles released to the custody of their parents by the 
        court.
            ``(5) Zero tolerance for deadbeat juvenile parents.--
        Require as condition of parole that--
                    ``(A) juvenile offenders who are parents 
                demonstrate parental responsibility by working and 
                paying child support; and
                    ``(B) juveniles attend and successfully complete 
                school or pursue vocational training.
            ``(6) Serious habitual offenders comprehensive action 
        program (shocap).--A multidisciplinary, interagency management, 
        information and monitoring system for the early identification, 
        control, supervision, and treatment of the most serious 
        juvenile offenders.
            ``(7) Community-wide partnerships.--Community-wide 
        partnerships involving county, municipal government, school 
        districts, appropriate State agencies, and nonprofit 
        organizations to administer a unified approach to juvenile 
        delinquency.
            ``(8) Zero tolerance for truancy.--School districts should 
        implement programs to curb truancy and implement certain and 
        swift punishments for truancy, including parental notification 
        of every absence, mandatory Saturday school makeup sessions for 
        truants or weekends in jail for truants and denial of 
        participation or attendance at extracurricular activities by 
        truants.
            ``(9) Alternative schooling.--A requirement that, as a 
        condition of receiving any State funding provided to school 
        districts in accordance with a formula allocation based on the 
        number of children enrolled in school in the school district, 
        each school district shall establish one or more alternative 
        schools or classrooms for juvenile offenders or juveniles who 
        are expelled or suspended for disciplinary reasons and shall 
        require that such juveniles attend the alternative schools or 
        classrooms. Any juvenile who refuses to attend such alternative 
        school or classroom shall be immediately detained pending 
a hearing. If a student is transferred from a regular school to an 
alternative school for juvenile offenders or juveniles who are expelled 
or suspended for disciplinary reasons such State funding shall also be 
transferred to the alternative school.
            ``(10) Judicial jurisdiction.--A system under which 
        municipal and magistrate courts have--
                    ``(A) jurisdiction over minor delinquency offenses 
                such as truancy, curfew violations, and vandalism; and
                    ``(B) short term detention authority for habitual 
                minor delinquent behavior.
            ``(11) Elimination of certain ineffective penalties.--
        Eliminate `counsel and release' or `refer and release' as a 
        penalty for juveniles with respect to the second or subsequent 
        offense for which the juvenile is referred to a juvenile 
        probation officer.
            ``(12) Report back orders.--A system of `report back' 
        orders whenever juveniles are placed on probation, so that 
        after a period of time (not to exceed 2 months) the juvenile 
        appears before and advises the judge of the progress of the 
        juvenile in meeting certain goals.
            ``(13) Penalties for use of firearm.--Mandatory penalties 
        for the use of a firearm during a violent crime or a drug 
        felony.
            ``(14) Street gangs.--Make it illegal to engage in criminal 
        conduct as a member of a street gang and impose severe 
        penalties for terrorism by criminal street gangs.
            ``(15) Character counts.--Character education and training 
        for juvenile offenders.
            ``(16) Mentoring.--Mentoring programs for at-risk youth.
            ``(17) Drug courts and community-oriented policing 
        strategies.--Courts for juveniles charged with drug offenses 
        and community-oriented policing strategies.

``SEC. 243. FORMULAS FOR GRANTS.

    ``The amount made available for any fiscal year for grants under 
section 241 shall be allocated among the States proportionately on the 
basis of the number of residents of such States who are less than 18 
years of age, in accordance with the following:
            ``(1) 50 percent shall be allocated among the States that 
        meet the requirements of section 242(a).
            ``(2) 50 percent shall be allocated among the States that 
        meet the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of section 
        242.

``SEC. 244. ACCOUNTABILITY.

    ``A State that receives a grant under section 241 shall use 
accounting, audit, and fiscal procedures that conform to guidelines 
prescribed by the Administrator, and shall ensure that any funds used 
to carry out section 241 shall represent the best value for the State 
at the lowest possible cost and employ the best available technology.

``SEC. 245. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.

    ``(a) Nonsupplanting Requirement.--Funds made available under 
section 241 shall not be used to supplant State funds, but shall be 
used to increase the amount of funds that would, in the absence of 
Federal funds, be made available from State sources.
    ``(b) Administrative and Related Costs.--Not more than 2 percent of 
the funds appropriated under section 291(c) for a fiscal year shall be 
available to the Administrator for such fiscal year for purposes of--
            ``(1) research and evaluation, including assessment of the 
        effect on public safety and other effects of the expansion of 
        correctional capacity and sentencing reforms implemented 
        pursuant to this part; and
            ``(2) technical assistance relating to the use of grants 
        made under section 241, and development and implementation of 
        policies, programs, and practices described in section 242.
    ``(c) Carryover of Appropriations.--Funds appropriated under 
section 291(c) shall remain available until expended.
    ``(d) Matching Funds.--The Federal share of a grant received under 
this part may not exceed 90 percent of the costs of a proposal as 
described in an application approved under this part.''.

                     TITLE III--GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 299 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5671) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 291. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``(a) Office of Youth Violence Reduction.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated for each of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 
2001 such sums as may be necessary to carry out part A.
    ``(b) Block Grants for State and Local Programs.--There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out part B $250,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
    ``(c) Incentive Grants for Accountability-Based Reforms.--There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out part C $250,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001.
    ``(d) Source of Appropriations.--Funds authorized by this section 
to be appropriated may be appropriated from the Violent Crime Reduction 
Trust Fund.''.

SEC. 302. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974.--The 
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) in part A, by striking the part designation and the 
        part heading and inserting the following:

                ``Office of Youth Violence Reduction'';

            (2) in section 217(a), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (3) in part B, in the part heading, by striking ``Federal 
        Assistance'' and inserting ``Block Grants'';
            (4) in section 222, by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (5) in section 299A, by striking ``this Act'' each place 
        that term appears and inserting ``this title'';
            (6) by striking section 299C;
            (7) in section 299D--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``Except as 
                provided in the second sentence of section 222(c), 
                financial'' and inserting ``Financial''; and
                    (B) by striking subsection (d);
            (8) by redesignating sections 299A, 299B, and 299D as 
        sections 292, 293, and 294, respectively;
            (9) in section 385(c), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction''; and
            (10) in section 403(2), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction''.
    (b) Title 5.--Section 5315 of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 
5, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of Youth 
Violence Reduction''.
    (c) Title 18.--Section 4351(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of Youth Violence Reduction''.
    (d) Title 39.--Section 3220 of title 39, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention'' each place that term appears and inserting ``Office of 
Youth Violence Reduction''.
    (e) Social Security Act.--Section 463(f) of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 663(f)) is amended by striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice 
and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of Youth Violence 
Reduction''.
    (f) Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968.--The 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 102(a)(5), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (2) in section 801, by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' each place that term 
        appears and inserting ``Office of Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (3) in section 804, by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' each place that term 
        appears and inserting ``Office of Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (4) in section 805, by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (5) in section 813, by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction'';
            (6) in section 1701(a), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction''; and
            (7) in section 2501(a)(2), by striking ``Office of Juvenile 
        Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and inserting ``Office of 
        Youth Violence Reduction''.
    (g) Victims of Child Abuse Act.--Sections 217 and 222 of the 
Victims of Child Abuse Act (42 U.S.C. 13013, 13022) are amended by 
striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' each 
place that term appears and inserting ``Office of Youth Violence 
Reduction''.
    (h) National Child Protection Act of 1993.--Section 2(f) of the 
National Child Protection Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 5119(f)) is amended by 
striking ``Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and 
inserting ``Office of Youth Violence Reduction''.
    (i) Other References.--Any reference in any Federal law, Executive 
order, rule, regulation, or delegation of authority, or any document of 
or relating to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention established under section 201 of the Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as in effect on the day before the 
date of enactment of this Act, shall be deemed to refer to the Office 
of Youth Violence Reduction established under section 201 of the 
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended by 
this Act.

SEC. 303. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICABILITY OF AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Effective Date.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act 
and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the first day 
of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this 
Act.
    (b) Applicability of Amendments.--The amendments made by this Act 
shall not apply with respect to any fiscal year beginning before the 
effective date of this Act.
                                 <all>
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