I 

115TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5141 

To make improvements to certain defense and security assistance provisions 

and to authorize assistance for Israel, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 1, 2018 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN (for herself and Mr. DEUTCH) introduced the following 

bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Science, Space, and 

Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, 

in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To make improvements to certain defense and security assistance provisions and to authorize assistance for Israel, 

and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘United States-Israel Security Assistance Authorization 

6 Act of 2018’’. 

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

8 this Act is as follows: 


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Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definition. 

TITLE I—SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL 

Sec. 101. Findings. 

Sec. 102. Statement of policy. 

Sec. 103. Assistance for Israel. 

Sec. 104. Joint assessment of quantity of precision guided munitions for use by 

Israel. 

Sec. 105. Transfer of precision guided munitions to Israel. 

Sec. 106. Modification of rapid acquisition and deployment procedures. 

Sec. 107. Extension of War Reserves Stockpile authority. 

Sec. 108. Eligibility of Israel for the strategic trade authorization exception to 

certain export control licensing requirements. 

Sec. 109. Extension of loan guarantees to Israel. 

TITLE II—ENHANCED COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED 

STATES AND ISRAEL 

Sec. 201. United States-Israel cybersecurity cooperation. 

Sec. 202. United States-Israel space cooperation. 

Sec. 203. United States Agency for International Development—Israel enhanced cooperation. 

Sec. 204. Authority to enter into a cooperative project agreement with Israel 

to counter unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten the United 

States or Israel. 

TITLE III—ENSURING ISRAEL’S QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE 

Sec. 301. Improved reporting on enhancing Israel’s qualtitative military edge 

and security posture. 

Sec. 302. Statement of policy. 

1 SEC. 2. DEFINITION. 

2 In this Act, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com3 mittees’’ means— 

4 (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 

5 Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep6 resentatives; and 

7 (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 

8 the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 


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1 TITLE I—SECURITY ASSISTANCE 

2 FOR ISRAEL 

3 SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

4 Congress makes the following findings: 

5 (1) In April 1998, the United States designated 

6 Israel as a ‘‘major non-NATO ally’’. 

7 (2) On August 16, 2007, the United States and 

8 Israel signed a 10-year Memorandum of Under9 standing on United States military assistance to 

10 Israel, the total amount of military assistance over 

11 the course of this period would equal $30 billion. 

12 (3) On July 27, 2012, the United States-Israel 

13 Enhanced Security Cooperation Act of 2012 (Public 

14 Law 112–150; 22 U.S.C. 8601 et seq.) declared it 

15 to be the policy of the United States ‘‘to help the 

16 Government of Israel preserve its qualitative military 

17 edge amid rapid and uncertain regional political 

18 transformation’’ and ‘‘provide Israel defense articles 

19 and services, to include air refueling tankers, missile 

20 defense capabilities, and specialized munitions’’. 

21 (4) On December 19, 2014, the President 

22 signed into law the United States-Israel Strategic 

23 Partnership Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–296) 

24 which stated the sense of Congress that Israel is a 

25 major strategic partner of the United States and deVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:45 Mar 08, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5141.IH H5141

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1 clared it to be the policy of the United States ‘‘to 

2 continue to provide Israel with robust security as3 sistance, including for the procurement of the Iron 

4 Dome Missile Defense System’’. 

5 (5) Section 1679 of the National Defense Au6 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 

7 114–92; 129 Stat. 1135) authorized funds to be ap8 propriated for Israeli cooperative missile defense 

9 program codevelopment and coproduction, including 

10 funds to be provided to the Government of Israel to 

11 procure the David’s Sling weapon system as well as 

12 the Arrow 3 Upper Tier Interceptor Program. 

13 (6) On September 13, 2016, the House of Rep14 resentatives passed, by a vote of 405 to 4, House 

15 Resolution 729, expressing support for the expedi16 tious consideration and finalization of a new, robust, 

17 and long-term Memorandum of Understanding on 

18 military assistance to Israel between the United 

19 States Government and the Government of Israel. 

20 (7) House Resolution 729 provides that the 

21 House of Representatives— 

22 (A) ‘‘reaffirms that Israel is a major stra23 tegic partner of the United States’’; 

24 (B) ‘‘reaffirms that it is the policy and law 

25 of the United States to ensure that Israel mainVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:45 Mar 08, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5141.IH H5141

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1 tains its qualitative military edge and has the 

2 capacity and capability to defend itself from all 

3 threats’’; 

4 (C) ‘‘reaffirms United States support of a 

5 robust Israeli tiered missile defense program’’; 

6 (D) ‘‘supports continued discussions be7 tween the Government of the United States and 

8 the Government of Israel for a robust and long9 term Memorandum of Understanding on United 

10 States military assistance to Israel’’; 

11 (E) ‘‘urges the expeditious finalization of a 

12 new Memorandum of Understanding between 

13 the Government of the United States and the 

14 Government of Israel’’; and 

15 (F) ‘‘supports a robust and long-term 

16 Memorandum of Understanding negotiated be17 tween the United States and Israel regarding 

18 military assistance which increases the amount 

19 of aid from previous agreements and signifi20 cantly enhances Israel’s military capabilities’’. 

21 (8) On September 14, 2016, the United States 

22 and Israel signed a 10-year Memorandum of Under23 standing reaffirming the importance of continuing 

24 annual United States military assistance to Israel 

25 and cooperative missile defense programs in a way 


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1 that enhances Israel’s security and strengthens the 

2 bilateral relationship between the two countries. 

3 (9) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding 

4 reflected United States support of Foreign Military 

5 Financing (FMF) grant assistance to Israel over the 

6 10-year period beginning in fiscal year 2019 and 

7 ending in fiscal year 2028. Such FMF grant assist8 ance would equal $3.3 billion annually, totaling $33 

9 billion. 

10 (10) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding 

11 also reflected United States support for funding for 

12 cooperative programs to develop, produce, and pro13 cure missile, rocket and projectile defense capabili14 ties over a 10-year period beginning in fiscal year 

15 2019 and ending in fiscal year 2028 at a level of 

16 $500 million annually, totaling $5 billion. 

17 SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

18 It shall be the policy of the United States to provide 

19 assistance to the Government of Israel in order to support 

20 funding for cooperative programs to develop, produce, and 

21 procure missile, rocket, projectile, and other defense capa22 bilities to help Israel meet its security needs and to help 

23 develop and enhance United States defense capabilities. 


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1 SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL. 

2 Section 513(c) of the Security Assistance Act of 2000 

3 (Public Law 106–280; 114 Stat. 856) is amended— 

4 (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘2002 and 

5 2003’’ and inserting ‘‘2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 

6 2023’’; 

7 (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘equal to—’’ 

8 and all that follows and inserting ‘‘not less than 

9 $3,300,000,000’’; and 

10 (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘Funds au11 thorized’’ and all that follows through ‘‘later.’’ and 

12 inserting ‘‘Funds authorized to be available for 

13 Israel under subsection (b)(1) and paragraph (1) of 

14 this subsection for fiscal years 2019, 2020, 2021, 

15 2022, and 2023 shall be disbursed not later than 30 

16 days after the date of the enactment of an Act mak17 ing appropriations for the Department of State, for18 eign operations, and related programs for the re19 spective fiscal year, or October 31 of the respective 

20 fiscal year, whichever is later.’’. 

21 SEC. 104. JOINT ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITY OF PRECISION 

22 GUIDED MUNITIONS FOR USE BY ISRAEL. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President, acting through the 

24 Secretary of Defense, is authorized to conduct a joint as25 sessment with the Government of Israel with respect to 

26 the matters described in subsection (b). 


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1 (b) MATTERS DESCRIBED.—The matters described 

2 in this subsection are the following: 

3 (1) The quantity and type of precision guided 

4 munitions that are necessary for Israel to combat 

5 Hezbollah in the event of a sustained armed con6 frontation between Israel and Hezbollah. 

7 (2) The quantity and type of precision guided 

8 munitions that are necessary for Israel in the event 

9 of a sustained armed confrontation with other armed 

10 groups and terrorist organizations such as Hamas. 

11 (3) The resources the Government of Israel can 

12 plan to dedicate to acquire such precision guided 

13 munitions. 

14 (4) United States planning to assist Israel to 

15 prepare for the sustained armed confrontations de16 scribed in paragraphs (1) and (2) as well as the abil17 ity of the United States to resupply Israel in the 

18 event of such confrontations described in paragraphs 

19 (1) and (2), if any. 

20 (c) REPORT.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days after 

22 the date on which the joint assessment authorized 

23 under subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary of 

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1 sional committees a report that contains the joint 

2 assessment. 

3 (2) FORM.—The report required under para4 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

5 but may contain a classified annex. 

6 SEC. 105. TRANSFER OF PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS TO 

7 ISRAEL. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 514 of 

9 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h), 

10 the President is authorized to— 

11 (1) utilize the Special Defense Acquisition Fund 

12 to transfer precision guided munitions and related 

13 defense articles and services to reserve stocks for 

14 Israel; and 

15 (2) transfer such quantities of precision guided 

16 munitions from reserve stocks for Israel as necessary 

17 for legitimate self-defense and is otherwise con18 sistent with the purposes and conditions for such 

19 transfers under the Arms Export Control Act. 

20 (b) CERTIFICATION.—Except in the case of an emer21 gency, not later than 5 days before making a transfer 

22 under subsection (a), the President shall certify to the ap23 propriate congressional committees that the transfer of 

24 the precision guided munitions— 


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1 (1) does not affect the ability of the United 

2 States to maintain a sufficient supply of precision 

3 guided munitions; and 

4 (2) does not harm the combat readiness of the 

5 United States or the ability of the United States to 

6 meet its commitment to allies for the transfer of 

7 such munitions. 

8 SEC. 106. MODIFICATION OF RAPID ACQUISITION AND DE9 PLOYMENT PROCEDURES. 

10 (a) REQUIREMENT TO ESTABLISH PROCEDURES.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 806(a) of the Bob 

12 Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fis13 cal Year 2003 (10 U.S.C. 2302 note; 116 Stat. 

14 2607) is amended— 

15 (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘‘; 

16 and’’ at the end; 

17 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the pe18 riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

19 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

20 ‘‘(3) urgently needed to support production of 

21 precision guided munitions— 

22 ‘‘(A) for United States counterterrorism 

23 missions; or 

24 ‘‘(B) to assist an ally of the United States 

25 under direct missile threat from— 


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1 ‘‘(i) an organization the Secretary of 

2 State has designated as a foreign terrorist 

3 organization pursuant to section 219 of the 

4 Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 

5 1189); or 

6 ‘‘(ii) a country the government of 

7 which the Secretary of State has deter8 mined, for purposes of section 6(j) of the 

9 Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 

10 U.S.C. 4605(j)) (as in effect pursuant to 

11 the International Emergency Economic 

12 Powers Act), section 620A of the Foreign 

13 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371), 

14 section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act 

15 (22 U.S.C. 2780), or any other provision 

16 of law, is a government that has repeatedly 

17 provided support for acts of international 

18 terrorism.’’. 

19 (2) PRESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES.—The Sec20 retary of Defense shall prescribe procedures for the 

21 rapid acquisition and deployment of supplies and as22 sociated support services for purposes described in 

23 paragraph (3) of section 806(a) of the Bob Stump 

24 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 

25 2003, as added by paragraph (1) of this subsection, 


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1 not later than 180 days after the date of the enact2 ment of this Act. 

3 (b) USE OF AMOUNTS IN SPECIAL DEFENSE ACQUI4 SITION FUND.—Section 114(c)(3) of title 10, United 

5 States Code, is amended by inserting at the end before 

6 the period the following: ‘‘or to assist an ally of the United 

7 States that is under direct missile threat, including from 

8 a terrorist organization supported by Iran, and such 

9 threat adversely affects the safety and security of such 

10 ally’’. 

11 SEC. 107. EXTENSION OF WAR RESERVES STOCKPILE AU12 THORITY. 

13 (a) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS

14 ACT, 2005.—Subsection (e) of section 12001 of the De15 partment of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public 

16 Law 108–287; 118 Stat. 1011), as redesignated by section 

17 105 of this Act, is amended by striking ‘‘after September 

18 30, 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘after September 30, 2023’’. 

19 (b) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.—Section 

20 514(b)(2)(A) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

21 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘2013, 

22 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘2018, 

23 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023’’. 


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1 SEC. 108. ELIGIBILITY OF ISRAEL FOR THE STRATEGIC 

2 TRADE AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION TO CER3 TAIN EXPORT CONTROL LICENSING RE4 QUIREMENTS. 

5 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 

6 (1) Israel has adopted high standards in the 

7 field of export controls. 

8 (2) Israel has declared its unilateral adherence 

9 to the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Aus10 tralia Group, and the Nuclear Suppliers Group. 

11 (3) Israel is a party to— 

12 (A) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the 

13 Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or 

14 Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of 

15 Warfare, signed at Geneva June 17, 1925; and 

16 (B) the Convention on the Physical Protec17 tion of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna on 

18 October 26, 1979. 

19 (4) Section 6(b) of the United States-Israel 

20 Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 

21 note) directs the President, consistent with the com22 mitments of the United States under international 

23 agreements, to take steps so that Israel may be in24 cluded in the list of countries eligible for the stra25 tegic trade authorization exception under section 

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1 tions, to the requirement for a license for the export, 

2 re-export, or in-country transfer of an item subject 

3 to controls under the Export Administration Regula4 tions. 

5 (5) As of December 27, 2016, the last publica6 tion of the license exceptions country list, Israel had 

7 not been included in the list of countries eligible for 

8 the strategic trade authorization exception under 

9 section 740.20(c)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal 

10 Regulations. 

11 (b) REPORT ON ELIGIBILITY FOR STRATEGIC TRADE

12 AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION.— 

13 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 

14 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

15 President shall submit to the appropriate congres16 sional committees a report that— 

17 (A) describes the steps taken to include 

18 Israel in the list of countries eligible for the 

19 strategic trade authorization exception under 

20 section 740.20 (c) (1) of title 15, Code of Fed21 eral Regulations section, as required under 6(b) 

22 of the United States-Israel Strategic Partner23 ship Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 note); and 

24 (B) includes the reasons as to why Israel 

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1 tries eligible for the strategic trade authoriza2 tion exception. 

3 (2) FORM.—The report required under para4 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

5 but may contain a classified annex. 

6 SEC. 109. EXTENSION OF LOAN GUARANTEES TO ISRAEL. 

7 Chapter 5 of title I of the Emergency Wartime Sup8 plemental Appropriations Act, 2003 (Public Law 108–11; 

9 117 Stat. 576) is amended under the heading ‘‘Loan 

10 Guarantees to Israel’’— 

11 (1) in the matter preceding the first proviso, by 

12 striking ‘‘September 30, 2019’ ’’ and inserting ‘‘Sep13 tember 30, 2023’’; and 

14 (2) in the second proviso, by striking ‘‘Sep15 tember 30, 2019’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 

16 2023’’. 

17 TITLE II—ENHANCED COOPERA18 TION BETWEEN THE UNITED 

19 STATES AND ISRAEL 

20 SEC. 201. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL CYBERSECURITY CO21 OPERATION. 

22 (a) GRANT PROGRAM.— 

23 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, in ac24 cordance with the agreement entitled the ‘‘Agree25 ment between the Government of the United States 


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1 of America and the Government of the State of 

2 Israel on Cooperation in Science and Technology for 

3 Homeland Security Matters’’, dated May 29, 2008 

4 (or successor agreement), and the requirements 

5 specified in paragraph (2), shall establish a grant 

6 program at the Department to support— 

7 (A) cybersecurity research and develop8 ment; and 

9 (B) demonstration and commercialization 

10 of cybersecurity technology. 

11 (2) REQUIREMENTS.— 

12 (A) APPLICABILITY.—Notwithstanding any 

13 other provision of law, in carrying out a re14 search, development, demonstration, or com15 mercial application program or activity that is 

16 authorized under this section, the Secretary 

17 shall require cost sharing in accordance with 

18 this paragraph. 

19 (B) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 

20 (i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided 

21 in clause (ii), the Secretary shall require 

22 not less than 50 percent of the cost of a 

23 research, development, demonstration, or 

24 commercial application program or activity 


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1 described in subparagraph (A) to be pro2 vided by a non-Federal source. 

3 (ii) REDUCTION.—The Secretary may 

4 reduce or eliminate, on a case-by-case 

5 basis, the percentage requirement specified 

6 in clause (i) if the Secretary determines 

7 that such reduction or elimination is nec8 essary and appropriate. 

9 (C) MERIT REVIEW.—In carrying out a re10 search, development, demonstration, or com11 mercial application program or activity that is 

12 authorized under this section, awards shall be 

13 made only after an impartial review of the sci14 entific and technical merit of the proposals for 

15 such awards has been carried out by or for the 

16 Department. 

17 (D) REVIEW PROCESSES.—In carrying out 

18 a review under subparagraph (C), the Secretary 

19 may use merit review processes developed under 

20 section 302(14) of the Homeland Security Act 

21 of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182(14)). 

22 (3) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—An applicant shall 

23 be eligible to receive a grant under this subsection 

24 if the project of such applicant— 


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1 (A) addresses a requirement in the area of 

2 cybersecurity research or cybersecurity tech3 nology, as determined by the Secretary; and 

4 (B) is a joint venture between— 

5 (i)(I) a for-profit business entity, aca6 demic institution, National Laboratory (as 

7 defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy 

8 Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)), or non9 profit entity in the United States; and 

10 (II) a for-profit business entity, aca11 demic institution, or nonprofit entity in 

12 Israel; or 

13 (ii)(I) the Federal Government; and 

14 (II) the Government of Israel. 

15 (4) APPLICATIONS.—To be eligible to receive a 

16 grant under this subsection, an applicant shall sub17 mit to the Secretary an application for such grant 

18 in accordance with procedures established by the 

19 Secretary, in consultation with the advisory board 

20 established under paragraph (5). 

21 (5) ADVISORY BOARD.— 

22 (A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary 

23 shall establish an advisory board to— 


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1 (i) monitor the method by which 

2 grants are awarded under this subsection; 

3 and 

4 (ii) provide to the Secretary periodic 

5 performance reviews of actions taken to 

6 carry out this subsection. 

7 (B) COMPOSITION.—The advisory board 

8 established under subparagraph (A) shall be 

9 composed of three members, to be appointed by 

10 the Secretary, of whom— 

11 (i) one shall be a representative of the 

12 Federal Government; 

13 (ii) one shall be selected from a list of 

14 nominees provided by the United States15 Israel Binational Science Foundation; and 

16 (iii) one shall be selected from a list 

17 of nominees provided by the United States18 Israel Binational Industrial Research and 

19 Development Foundation. 

20 (6) CONTRIBUTED FUNDS.—Notwithstanding 

21 any other provision of law, the Secretary may accept 

22 or retain funds contributed by any person, govern23 ment entity, or organization for purposes of carrying 

24 out this subsection. Such funds shall be available, 


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1 subject to appropriation, without fiscal year limita2 tion. 

3 (7) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 

4 the date of completion of a project for which a grant 

5 is provided under this subsection, the grant recipient 

6 shall submit to the Secretary a report that con7 tains— 

8 (A) a description of how the grant funds 

9 were used by the recipient; and 

10 (B) an evaluation of the level of success of 

11 each project funded by the grant. 

12 (8) CLASSIFICATION.—Grants shall be awarded 

13 under this subsection only for projects that are con14 sidered to be unclassified by both the United States 

15 and Israel. 

16 (b) TERMINATION.—The grant program and the ad17 visory board established under this section terminate on 

18 the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment 

19 of this Act. 

20 (c) NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED.—No addi21 tional funds are authorized to carry out the requirements 

22 of this section. Such requirements shall be carried out 

23 using amounts otherwise authorized. 

24 (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 


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1 (1) the term ‘‘cybersecurity research’’ means re2 search, including social science research, into ways 

3 to identify, protect against, detect, respond to, and 

4 recover from cybersecurity threats; 

5 (2) the term ‘‘cybersecurity technology’’ means 

6 technology intended to identify, protect against, de7 tect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity 

8 threats; 

9 (3) the term ‘‘cybersecurity threat’’ has the 

10 meaning given such term in section 102 of the Cy11 bersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (en12 acted as title I of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (di13 vision N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 

14 2016 (Public Law 114–113))); 

15 (4) the term ‘‘Department’’ means the Depart16 ment of Homeland Security; and 

17 (5) the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 

18 of Homeland Security. 

19 SEC. 202. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL SPACE COOPERATION. 

20 (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— 

21 (1) authorized in 1958, the National Aero22 nautics and Space Administration (NASA) supports 

23 and coordinates United States Government research 

24 in aeronautics, human exploration and operations, 

25 science, and space technology; 


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1 (2) established in 1983, the Israel Space Agen2 cy (ISA) supports the growth of Israel’s space indus3 try by supporting academic research, technological 

4 innovation, and educational activities; 

5 (3) the mutual interest of the United States 

6 and Israel in space exploration affords both nations 

7 an opportunity to leverage their unique abilities to 

8 advance scientific discovery; 

9 (4) in 1996, NASA and the ISA entered into 

10 their first agreement outlining areas of mutual co11 operation, which remained in force until 2005; 

12 (5) since 1996, NASA and the ISA have suc13 cessfully cooperated on many space programs sup14 porting the Global Positioning System and research 

15 related to the sun, earth science, and the environ16 ment; 

17 (6) the bond between NASA and the ISA was 

18 permanently forged on February 1, 2003, with the 

19 loss of the crew of STS–107 including Israeli Astro20 naut Ilan Ramon; 

21 (7) the United States-Israel Strategic Partner22 ship Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–296) designated 

23 Israel as a Major Strategic Partner of the United 

24 States; and 


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1 (8) on October 13, 2015, the United States and 

2 Israel signed the Framework Agreement between the 

3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration of 

4 the United States of America and the Israel Space 

5 Agency for Cooperation in Aeronautics and the Ex6 ploration and Use of Airspace and Outer Space for 

7 Peaceful Purposes. 

8 (b) CONTINUING COOPERATION.—The Administrator 

9 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

10 shall continue to work with the Israel Space Agency to 

11 identify and cooperatively pursue peaceful space explo12 ration and science initiatives in areas of mutual interest, 

13 taking all appropriate measures to protect sensitive infor14 mation, intellectual property, trade secrets, and economic 

15 interests of the United States. 

16 SEC. 203. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 

17 DEVELOPMENT—ISRAEL ENHANCED CO18 OPERATION. 

19 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It should be the policy 

20 of the United States Agency for International Develop21 ment to cooperate with Israel in order to advance common 

22 goals across a wide variety of sectors, including energy, 

23 agriculture and food security, democracy, human rights 

24 and governance, economic growth and trade, education, 

25 environment, global health and water and sanitation. 


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1 (b) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—The Ad2 ministrator of the United States Agency for International 

3 Development is authorized to enter into memoranda of un4 derstanding with Israel in order to advance common goals 

5 on energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, 

6 human rights and governance, economic growth and trade, 

7 education, environment, global health and water sanitation 

8 with a focus on strengthening mutual ties and cooperation 

9 with nations throughout the world. 

10 SEC. 204. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE 

11 PROJECT AGREEMENT WITH ISRAEL TO 

12 COUNTER UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES 

13 THAT THREATEN THE UNITED STATES OR 

14 ISRAEL. 

15 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 

16 (1) On February 10, 2018, Iran launched an 

17 unmanned aerial vehicle (commonly known as a 

18 ‘‘drone’’) from Syria that penetrated Israeli air19 space. 

20 (2) Israeli officials noted that the unmanned 

21 aerial vehicle was in Israeli airspace for a minute 

22 and a half before being shot down by the Israeli air 

23 force. 


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1 (3) Senior Israeli officials stated that the un2 manned aerial vehicle was an advanced piece of tech3 nology. 

4 (4) It remains unclear whether the unmanned 

5 aerial vehicle was armed. Nonetheless, the launch, 

6 and sophistication of the unmanned aerial vehicle, 

7 highlight the threat Israel faces from unmanned aer8 ial vehicles from Iranian forces active in Syria and 

9 from Hezbollah in Lebanon. 

10 (5) The United States likewise faces the threat 

11 of unmanned aerial vehicles along the United States 

12 border and in areas of active hostilities, including 

13 unmanned aerial vehicles of the Islamic State of 

14 Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria and un15 manned aerial vehicles manufactured of al-Qaeda in 

16 Afghanistan. 

17 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con18 gress that— 

19 (1) joint research and development to counter 

20 unmanned aerial vehicles will serve the national se21 curity interests of the United States and Israel; 

22 (2) Israel faces urgent and emerging threats 

23 from unmanned aerial vehicles and other unmanned 

24 aerial vehicles, launched from Lebanon by 

25 Hezbollah, from Syria by forces of Iran’s RevoluVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:45 Mar 08, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5141.IH H5141

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1 tionary Guard Corps, or from others seeking to at2 tack Israel; and 

3 (3) the United States and Israel should con4 tinue to work together to defend against all threats 

5 to the safety, security, and national interests of both 

6 countries. 

7 (c) AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized 

9 to enter into a cooperative project agreement with 

10 Israel under the authority of section 27 of the Arms 

11 Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) to carry out 

12 research on and development, testing, evaluation, 

13 and joint production (including follow-on support) of 

14 defense articles and defense services to detect, track, 

15 and destroy unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten 

16 the United States or Israel. 

17 (2) APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS.—The cooper18 ative project agreement described in paragraph 

19 (1)— 

20 (A) shall provide that any activities carried 

21 out pursuant to the agreement are subject to— 

22 (i) the applicable requirements de23 scribed in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) 

24 of section 27(b)(2) of the Arms Export 

25 Control Act; and 


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1 (ii) any other applicable requirements 

2 of the Arms Export Control Act with re3 spect to the use, transfers, and security of 

4 such defense articles and defense services 

5 under that Act; and 

6 (B) shall establish a framework to nego7 tiate the rights to intellectual property devel8 oped under the agreement. 

9 TITLE III—ENSURING ISRAEL’S 

10 QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE 

11 SEC. 301. IMPROVED REPORTING ON ENHANCING ISRAEL’S 

12 QUALTITATIVE MILITARY EDGE AND SECU13 RITY POSTURE. 

14 Section 36(h)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

15 U.S.C. 2776(h)(2)) is amended— 

16 (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 

17 the end; 

18 (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 

19 at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

20 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

21 ‘‘(E) an assessment of— 

22 ‘‘(i) the ability of Israel to effectively 

23 defend itself against military threats from 

24 regional non-state actors; 


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1 ‘‘(ii) the risk that is posed by the sale 

2 or export of a subsequent unauthorized 

3 transfer or proliferation of the equipment 

4 for use against Israel; 

5 ‘‘(iii) the range of cyber and asym6 metric threats posed to Israel by state and 

7 non-state actors; 

8 ‘‘(iv) the range of threats posed to 

9 Israel by state and non-state actors 

10 through the use of unmanned vehicles and 

11 systems, through air, land or water; and 

12 ‘‘(v) the effective countermeasures 

13 available to Israel to defend against the 

14 risks and threats described in clauses (ii) 

15 through (iv).’’. 

16 SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

17 It is the policy of the United States to ensure that 

18 Israel maintains its ability to counter and defeat any cred19 ible conventional military or emerging threat from any in20 dividual state or possible coalition of states or from non21 state actors, while sustaining minimal damages and cas22 ualties, through the use of superior military means, pos23 sessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, com24 mand, control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, 

25 and reconnaissance capabilities that in their technical 


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1 characteristics are superior in capability to those of such 

2 other individual or possible coalition states or non-state 

3 actors. 

Æ 


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