No. PD-0398-17
TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF TEXAS

JOSE OLIVA, Appellant

v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

Appeal from Harris County
* * * * *
STATE PROSECUTING ATTORNEY’S SUBSEQUENT POST-SUBMISSION AMICUS BRIEF IN RESPONSE TO AMICI NCDD, DUIDLA, DCCDLA

* * * * *

STACEY M. SOULE State Prosecuting Attorney Bar I.D. No. 24031632
P.O. Box 13046 Austin, Texas 78711 information@spa.texas.gov 512-463-1660 (Telephone) 512-463-5724 (Fax) PD-0398-17 COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

AUSTIN, TEXAS Transmitted 3/5/2018 1:18 PM Accepted 3/7/2018 11:46 AM DEANA WILLIAMSON

CLERKTABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i
ARGUM ENT.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -5
PRAYER FOR RELIEF.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CERTIFICATE OF COM PLIANCE .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

iINDEX OF AUTHORI TI ES

Ca s es Ca l to n v. S t a t e , 1 7 6 S.W .3 d 2 3 1 (Tex . Cri m . Ap p . 2 0 0 5 ) (en b an c).

. . . . . . . . . 2 -3 Ch a s e v. S t a te , 4 4 8 S.W .3 d 6 (Tex . Cri m
. Ap p . 2 0 14 ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sta tutes
T E X
. C O D E C R I M
. P R O C . art . 4 .0 5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 0 6 (g ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -5
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 0 6 (g ), (g -1 ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 0 6 (g -1 ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 1 0 (g ), (i ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 1 0 (i )(1 ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
T E X
. P E N A L C O D E § 4 9 .0 9 (a).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
T E X
. T R A N S P
. C O D E § 5 4 7.6 1 4 (a-1 ), (a-2 ).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
T E X
. T R A N S P
. C O D E § 5 4 7.6 1 4 (b ), (c).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Rul e T E X
. R. A P P
. P. 1 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 n
. 1

iiNo . PD-0 39 8 -1 7
TO THE COURT OF CRIM INAL APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF TEXAS

J OSE OLIVA, Ap p el l an t

v . THE STATE OF TEXAS, Ap p el lee

Ap p eal fro m

Harri s Co u n ty

* * * * *
STATE PROSECUTI NG ATTORNEY’S SUBSEQUENT POST-SUBMI SSI ON AMI CUS BRI EF 1 I N RESPONSE TO AMI CI NCDD, DUI DLA, DCCDLA

* * * * *
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF CRIM INAL APPEALS:
Th e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g At t o rn ey s ub m it s th i s su b s eq u en t p o s t -s u b m i s s i o n

am icu s bri ef i n res p o n s e to Am i cu s Cu ri ae t h e Nat i o nal Co l l eg e fo r DUI Defen s e (NCDD), t h e D U I Defen s e Lawy er As so ci at i o n ( D U I DLA), t h e Dal l as Cri m i n al

1 As t h e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g A t t o rn ey , t h ere i s n o fee at t ach ed t o t h i s fi l i n g . T E X
. R. A P P
. P. 1 1

. 1Defen s e Lawy er As s o ci at io n (DCDLA), an d t h e Den to n C o u n t y Cri m i n al Defen s e

Lawy er As s o ci at i o n (DCCDLA)

. A RGUMENT
Po i n t i n g t o t h e St at e Pro s ecu t i ng At t o rn ey ’ s l i s t o f o ffen s es u s i n g t he p h ras e

“ i f i t s ho wn o n t h e t ri al o f t h e o ffen s e,” Am i ci cl ai m , Th e li s t can b e b ro k en do wn i n t o t h ree cat eg o ri es o f s t at u t es : (1 ) s tat u t es wh ere t h e fact t h at m

u s t b e p ro v en i s ju ri s d i ct i on al [e.g

. Tex

. Tran sp
. Co d e 5 2 1

. 4 5 7 , Tex

. Tran s p
. Co d e 5 4 5

. 4 20 , Tex

. Tran s p
. Co d e 6 4 4.1 5 1 , Tex

. Fam

. Co d e 2 6 1 .1 0 9 ] , (2 ) s t at u t es wh ere t h e d o l l ar a m o u n t i n co n t ro vers y det erm in es th e ju ri s d i ct i o n o f t h e co u rt an d t h e p u n i s h m en t ran g e fo r th e o ffen s e [e.g . Tex

. Go v’ t Co d e 4 6 6 .3 06 , Tex

. Go v ’ t Co de 4 6 6 .3 07 , Tex

. Go v ’ t Co d e 4 6 6 .3 0 8 , Tex

. Nat

. Res

. Co d e 1 5 1

. 0 5 2 , Tex

. Pen al Co d e 3 3 .0 2 3 ] , an d (3 ) s t at u tes w h ere an o t h erwi s e-n on -cri m i nal act i s a fact o f co ns eq uen ce p ro v i d i ng fo r a h ig h er pu n i s h m en t [e.g

. Tex

. Pen al Co d e 1 5 .0 31 , Tex

. Pen al Co d e 2 0 .0 5 , T ex
. Pen al Co d e 32 .3 1 , Tex

. Pen al Co de 1 5 .0 3 1 , Tex . Pen al Co d e 3 5 A.0 2 ]

. No t ab l y ab s en t i s an y ot h er s t at u t e w h e r e a p ri o r n o n-ju ri s d i ct i o nal cr i m i n a l o ffen s e i s t reat ed as an el em en t o f t h e g reat er o ffen s e. No t a s i ng l e o ffen s e l i s t ed b y t he St at e m ak es a pri o r co n v i ct i o n an el em en t o f t h e o ffen s e u n l es s t h e co n v i ct i o n effect s bo th th e ju ri s d i ct i on o f t h e co u rt and t h e p u n i s h m en t ran g e o f t he o ffen s e. Am i cu s Bri ef o f NCDD, DUIDLA, DCCDLA, at 1 7 -1 8 (em p h as i s i n o ri g i n al ).
Th i s i s i n co rrect

. Al l t h o s e wei g h i ng i n o n t h e i s s u e co n ced e th at Ca l t o n v. S t a t e reco g n i zed t h e fo l l o wi n g g u i d i n g p ri n ci p l e: “ wh et h er s o m et h in g i s an el em en t

o f an o ffen s e i s a co m

p l et el y s ep arat e i n qu i ry fro m wh et h er i t i s ju ri s d i ct i o n a l l y
req u i red

. W e h av e m ad e cl ear t h at ju ri s d i ct i o n i s no t an el em en t o f an o ffen s e.” 1 7 6

2S.W .3 d 2 3 1 , 2 3 4 -3 5 (Tex

. Cri m
. Ap p
. 2 0 0 5) (en b an c). In l in e wi t h t h i s , Ca l t o n ’ s

i n t erp ret at io n o f t h e p h ras e “ i f i t i s s h o wn at t h e t ri al ” i n t h e “ Ev ad i n g Arres t o r Det en t i o n ” s t at u t e s u p p ort s t h e St at e Pro s ecu ti n g At t o rn ey ’ s arg u m en t

. Id

. Th ere, ju ri s d i ct i o n v es t ed wi t h th e d is t ri ct co u rt d u e t o Cal to n ’ s us e o f a v eh i cl e d uri n g t h e

co m m i s s io n o f t he o ffen s e; h i s p ri o r co n v i ct i o n was no t a “ ju ri s di ct i o n al el em en t .” Id

. Ad d it i on al l y , Am ici ’ s d i s t in ct i o n b et ween o ffen s es wi t h (1 ) a ju ri s d i c t i o n al
req u i rem en t an d a fact t o b e pro v en or a th res h o ld val u e el em en t an d (2 ) j u ri s d i ct i o n

an d a pri o r o ffen s e el em en t , i s i n co n s eq u en t i al

. S e e Am i c u s Bri ef of NCDD, DUIDLA, DCCDLA, at 1 7 -1 8

. In Ca l t o n , t h i s Co u rt p l ai n ly reco gn i zed ex am p l es o f

o ffen s e-en han ci ng s t at u t e s t h at are n o n -ju ri s d i ct i on al an d v al u e-b as ed o r fact

d ep en d en t

. Th e p ro p ert y -v al u e-l ad d e r f o r “ T h eft ,” t h e Co u rt ex p l ai ned , i s n o t a ju ri s d i ct i o n al req u i rem en t b ecau s e ju ri s di ct i o n v es t s wh en t h ere i s an al l eg at i o n t h at
t h e p ro p ert y reach es a cert ai n t hres h o l d am o u n t ; th e v al u e o f t h e pro p ert y i s t h en an el em en t o f t h e o ffen s e. 1 7 6 S.W .3 d at 2 3 5

. Nex t , t h e Co urt p o i n t e d o u t t h at

co m m i s s io n b y a “ p u b l i c s erv an t ” is an el em en t fo r fi rs t -d eg ree “ Ag g rav at ed
As s au l t.” Id

. Bu t th e “ p u b l i c s erv an t” el em en t i s n ot a ju ri sd i ct i o n al req ui rem en t , h o wev er, b ecau s e j u ri s d i ct i o n l i es wi t h t h e d i s t ri ct co u rt reg ard l es s o f w h et h er a

“ p u b l i c s erv an t ” was i nv o l v ed

. Id

.

3Ev en i f Am i ci ’ s d i s t in ct i o n w ere a k e y p o in t , cri m i n al s t at u t es wi t h a n o n ju ri s d i ct i o n al p ri o r o ffen s e en h an ci n g el em en t d o ex i s t (i n ad d i ti o n t o Ev ad i n g Arres t

o r Det en t i o n ). Id

. at 23 4-3 5. Th e o ffen s e “ Res t ri ct i o n s o n Ai rb ag s” p ro v i d es , i n p art : (b ) Ex cep t as p ro v i d ed b y Su b s ect i on s (c), (d ), an d (e), an offen s e u nd er t h i s s ect io n i s a s t at e jai l fel o n y . (c) An o ffen s e un der th is s ect i o n i s a fel o n y o f t h e t h i rd d eg ree i f i t i s s h o wn o n t h e t ri al o f t h e o ffen s e t hat t he d efen d an t h as b een prev i o us l y co n v i ct ed o f an o ffen s e u n d er t h i s s ect i o n
. T E X
. T R A N S P
. C O D E § 54 7 .6 1 4 (b ), (c). A d i s t ri ct co u rt ’ s ju ri sd i ct i o n d oes n o t n eed

t o b e i n vo k ed fo r a p ri m ary o ffen s e u n d er T E X
. T R A N S P
. C O D E § 5 4 7 .6 1 4 (a-1 ), (a-2 )
t o be el ev at ed t o a t h i rd deg ree fel o ny wi t h a p ri o r co n v i ct i o n u n d er t h e s am e
p ro v is i o n
. S

ee T E X
. C O D E C R I M
. P R O C
. art

. 4.0 5 (“ Di s t ric t co urt s an d cri m in al d i s t ri ct

co u rt s h al l h av e o ri g in al ju ri s d i ct i o n i n cri m i n al cas es o f t h e g rad e fel o n y ”).
Th e El ect i o n Co d e p ro v i d es t wo m o re ex am pl es
. Co n si d er t h e o ffen s e o f

“ Un l awfu l l y As si s t i n g Vo t er Vo t i n g Bal lo t By M ai l.” T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 1 0 (g ), (i ). An offen s e u n d er t h at p ro v i s i o n i s a s t at e jai l fel o n y an d i s “ i n creas ed t o t h e n ex t h i g h er g rad e o f offen s e if i t i s s h o wn o n t h e t ri al o f an o ffen s e t h at : (1 ) th e d efen d an t

was p rev i o u s l y co n v ict ed o f a n offen s e u n d er t h i s co d e.” T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E §
8 6 .0 1 0 (i )(1 ). T h e offen s e of “ M et h o d o f Ret u rn i n g M ark ed Bal l o t” s hares t h i s feat ure as wel l , th ou g h t h e s t at u t e p res en t s a m o re co m p l i cat ed s ch em e. T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 0 6(g ), (g -1 ). Su b s ect io n (g ), s t at es : “ An o ffen s e u nd er Su b s ect i o n (f) i s

4a Cl as s A m i s d em ean o r u n l es s th e d efen d an t p os s es sed t h e b al lo t o r carri er en v el o p e

wi t h o u t th e req u es t o f t h e v o t er, i n wh i ch cas e i t is a fel o n y o f t h e t h i r d d eg ree.”
T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 0 6 (g ). Su b s e c t i o n (g -1 ), effect i v e D ecem b er 31 , 2 0 1 7,
p ro v id es : “ An o ffen s e u nd er Su b s ect i o n (g ) i s i n creas ed t o t h e n ex t h ig h er cat eg o ry

o f o ffen s e i f i t is s h o w n on t h e t ri a l o f a n o f f e n s e u nd er t h i s s ect i o n t h at : (1 ) t h e d efen d an t was p rev i o u sl y co n v ict ed o f an o ffen s e u n d er t h i s co d e.” T E X
. E LE C
. C O D E § 8 6 .0 06 (g -1 ). So a t h ird -d eg ree en han ced to a s eco n d-d eg ree i s n o n -ju ri s d i ct i o n al

. As t h e fo reg o i n g s t at u tes d em o n s trat e, a Cl as s B m i s dem ean o r DW I wo u l d n ot b e t h e on l y o ffen s e wh ere a p ri o r co n v i ct i o n i s an o ffen se el em en t t h at d o es n o t affect ju ri s d i ct i o n
. Th e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g At t o rn ey ’ s s t at em en t t h at t h e “ p h ras e ‘ s h o wn o n
t h e t ri al o f an o ffen s e’ wh en p ai red wi th l an g u ag e di rect ed at o ffen s e cl as s i fi cat i o n h as acq ui red a tech n i cal m ean i n g ap art fro m p u n i s h m en t en h an cem en t” 2 h as n o t b een

u n d erm i n ed i n an y way
. Th u s, Am i ci ’ s arg u m en t s un d er s t at e law ( t h e o n l y l aw
ap p li cab l e) h av e b een pro ven to b e u n p ers uas i v e. S ee Ch a se v. S t a t e , 4 4 8 S.W .3 d 6,
1 7 -1 8 (Tex

. Cr i m
. Ap p
. 2 01 4 ) (ap p l i cab i l i t y o f defen s i v e i s s u e t o a s i n g l e cri m i n al
p ro v is i o n (T E X
. P A R K S & W ILD LI F E C O D E § 4 3 .0 0 2) a reas o n t o reject t h e St at e’ s
arg u m en t t hat T E X
. P A R K S & W I LD LI F E C O D E § 8 2 2 .0 1 3 i s pu rel y a ci v il s t at u t e an d

n o t ap pl i cab l e t o t h e Pen al Co de o ffen s e o f “ Cru el t y t o N o n -Li v es t o c k An i m al s ”).

2 St at e Pro s ecu t i ng At t o rn ey ’ s Po s t -Su b m is s io n Am i cu s Bri ef, at 7

. 5PRAYER FOR RELI EF

Ag ai n , th e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g At t o rn ey p ray s th at t h is Co u rt h o l d t h at T E X
. P E N A L C O D E § 4 9.0 9 (a) is a h ab i t ual o ffen s e en h an cer t h at , b y s t at ut e in a b i fu rcat ed
p ro ceed in g , m

u st b e p ro v en t o b e t h e d e f en d an t ’ s b ey o n d a reas o n ab l e d o u b t

. Fu rt h er, i t i s u rg ed th at t h e Co urt h o l d t h at t h e s t a t u t o ry erro r h ere, rel at i n g t o o n l y
t i m i ng , n o t s u ffi ci en cy , b e de c la r ed h arm l es s b ecau se t h e p ri o r w as es t ab l i s hed d u ri n g
p u n i s h m en t

.

Res p ect fu l l y s u b m i tt ed , /s / Stacey M . Sou l

e St at e Pro s ecu t in g At t o rn ey Bar I.D. No . 2 4 0 3 1 63 2
P.O. Bo x 1 30 4 6 Au s t i n , Tex as 7 8 7 1 1 i n fo rm at io n@ s p a.t ex as .g o v 5 1 2 -4 6 3 -1 6 6 0 (Tel ep ho n e) 5 1 2 -4 6 3 -5 7 2 4 (Fax )

6CERTI FI CATE OF COMPLI ANCE

Th e un ders i g n e d cert i fi es t h at acco rd i n g t o t h e W o rd Perfect wo rd co u n t t o ol
t h i s d o cu m en t co n t ai n s 1 ,0 7 1 wo rd s , ex cl u s i v e of t h e i t em s ex cep t ed by T E X
. R. A P P
. P. 9

. 4 (i )(1 ).

/ s / Stacey M . Sou l

e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g At t orn ey

7CERTI FI CATE OF SERVI CE

Th e u n d ers ig n ed cert i fi es t h at a co p y of t h e St at e Pro s ecu t i n g A t t o rn ey ’ s Su b s eq u en t Po st -Su b m i s s i o n Am i cu s Bri ef i n Res p o n s e t o A m i ci N CDD, DUIDLA,
DCCDLA h as b een s erv ed o n M arch 5, 2 0 1 8, vi a em ai l o r cert i fi ed el ect ro n i c t o :

Ho n . Pat ri ci a M cLean 1 2 0 2 Fran k l i n Su i t e 6 0 0 Ho u s t o n , Tex as 7 7 00 2 m cl ean

_ p at ri ci a@ d ao
. h ct x . n et
Ho n . Ted W o o d 1 2 0 1 Fran k l i n 1 3 t h Fl o o r Ho u s t o n , Tex as 7 7 00 2 t ed .wo o d @ p do .h ct x .n et
Ho n . J . Ed ward Ni eh au s 2 0 7 W . Hi ck ory

St reet , Su i t e 3 0 9 Den to n , Tex as 7 6 2 0 1 jas o n@ b n d l eg al .co m

/s / Stacey M . Sou l

e St at e Pro s ecu ti n g At t o rn ey