ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS 

The Honorable Will Hartnett 

Chair, Committee on the Judiciary 

Texas House of Representatives 

Post Office Box 29 10 

Austin, Texas 78768-29 10 

GREG ABBOTT 

October 3,2005 

Opinion No. GA-0364 

Re: Whether constables may receive, in addition to 

their salaries, fees for delivering notices required 

by Property Code section 24.005 (RQ-0337-GA) 

Dear Representative Hartnett: 

Section 154.005(d) of the Local Government Code provides that a constable may receive, 

in addition to his or her salary, “all fees, commissions, or payments for delivering notices required 

by Section 24.005, Property Code, relating to eviction actions.” TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. 

5 154.005(d) (V ernon 1999). You ask two questions related to these fees. You first ask, “What are 

the notices ‘required by Section 24.005, Property Code, relating to eviction actions’ for purposes of 

Section 154.005 ofthe Local Government Code?“’ Second, given the constitutional requirement that 

fees earned by constables “shall be paid into the county treasury,” TEX. CONST. art. XVI, 5 61(d), 

you ask, “What fees, commissions, or payments may a constable retain for himself?” Request Letter, 

supra note 1. 

I. LePal Backwound 

Before answering your questions, we briefly review the statutory scheme. Section 24.005 

of the Property Code requires a landlord to give a tenant written notice to vacate before filing an 

eviction suit, a forcible detainer suit, or a forcible entry and detainer suit. See TEX. PROP. CODE 

ANN. (i 24.005(a)-(d) (V emon 2000). Such a notice, a letter from landlord to tenant, may be given 

in person or by mail. See id. 8 24.005(f). A notice to vacate is not official process issued by a court 

and there is no requirement that a notice to vacate be delivered by a constable. See id. * Indeed, prior 

‘Letter from Honorable Will Hartnett, Chair, Committee on the Judiciary, Texas House of Representatives, to 

Honorable Greg Abbott, Texas Attorney General (Apr. 6, 2005) (on file with Opinion Committee, also available at 

http://www.oag.state.tx.us) [hereinafter Request Letter]. 

2Section 24.005 requires that a notice to vacate “shall be given in person or by mail at the premises” and does 

not require service by a constable: 

(f) The notice to vacate shall be given in person or by mail at the premises 

in question. Notice in person may be by personal delivery to the tenant or any 

(continued.. .) 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 2 (GA-0364) 

to 1997, attorney general opinions concluded that these written notices were not official process and 

that constables were not authorized to deliver them or to charge a fee for doing so. See Tex. Att’y 

Gen. Op. No. H-694 (1975) at 2 (“Sheriffs and constables are statutorily required to ‘execute’ all 

judicial ‘process’ and ‘precepts ’ ‘directed’ to them by legal authority . . . . [T]he eviction notice 

contemplated by [the statutory predecessor to section 24.0051 is not ‘process’ or a ‘precept’ issued 

by legal authority and . . . sheriffs and constables have no duty, authority, or power to ‘execute’ such 

notice.“) (citation omitted); see also Tex. Att’ y Gen. LO-97-026 (a constable lacks authority to serve 

a notice to vacate and a cornmissioners court may not authorize a constable to serve notices to vacate 

by purporting to establish a fee for the service). 

In 1997, the legislature amended the statute establishing constables’ general powers and 

duties to authorize constables to deliver section 24.005 notices: 

A constable shall execute and return as provided by law each 

process, warrant, and precept that is directed to the constable and is 

delivered by a lawful officer. Notices required by Section 24.005, 

Property Code, relating to eviction actions are process for purposes 

of this section that may be executed by a constable. 

TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 86.021(a) (Vernon Supp. 2004-05) (emphasis added); see also Act 

of May 26, 1997,75th Leg., R.S., ch. 884,§ 1,1997 Tex. Gen. Laws 2819,2819 (adding italicized 

language). At the same time, the legislature amended section 154.005 of the Local Government 

Code to add subsection (d), which provides as follows: 

A constable may receive, in addition to Subsection (c), all 

fees, commissions, or payments for delivering notices required by 

Section 24.005, Property Code, relating to eviction actions. Notices 

may only be delivered when not in conflict with the official duties 

and responsibilities of the constable. A constable delivering said 

notices must not be wearing upon his or her person a uniform or any 

insignia which would usually be associated with the position of 

person residing at the premises who is 16 years of age or older or personal delivery 

to the premises and affixing the notice to the inside of the main entry door. Notice 

by mail may be by regular mail, by registered mail, or by certified mail, return 

receipt requested, to the premises in question. If the dwelling has no mailbox and 

has a keyless bolting device, alarm system or dangerous animal that prevents the 

landlord from entering the premises to leave the notice to vacate on the inside of the 

main entry door, the landlord may securely affix the notice on the outside of the 

main entry door. 

(g) The notice period is calculated from the day on which the notice is 

delivered. 

TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. 3 24.005(f)-(g) (Vernon 2000). 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 3 (GA-0364) 

constable nor may the constable use a county vehicle or county 

equipment while delivering said notices. For purposes of collecting 

fees for serving said notices, a constable is considered a private 

process server. 

TEX. Lot. GOV’T CODE ANN. 5 154.005(d) (1999), added by Act of May 26, 1997,75th Leg., R.S., 

ch. 884, § 2, 1997 Tex. Gen. Laws 28 19,28 19. 

II. Analysis 

We begin with your question about the fees referred to in section 154.005(d) of the Local 

Government Code. Because section 154.005(d) provides that a constable may retain “all fees, 

commissions, or payments for delivering notices required by Section 24.005, Property Code, relating 

to eviction actions,” TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. 8 154.005(d) (Vernon 1999), you wish to know 

what notices are “required by Section 24.005, Property Code, relating to eviction actions.” Request 

Letter, supra note 1. Section 24.005 of the Property Code requires only one kind of notice, a notice 

to vacate,3 which a landlord or person who purchases a foreclosed residential property must give a 

3Section 24.005 of the Property Code provides in pertinent part as follows: 

(a) If the occupant is a tenant under a written lease or oral rental agreement, 

the landlord must give a tenant who defaults or holds over beyond the end of the 

rental term or renewal period at least three days’ written notice to vacate the 

premises before the landlord files a forcible detainer suit, unless the parties have 

contracted for a shorter or longer notice period in a written lease or agreement. A 

landlord who files a forcible detainer suit on grounds that the tenant is holding over 

beyond the end of the rental term or renewal period must also comply with the 

tenancy termination requirements of Section 9 1 .OO 1. 

(b) If the occupant is a tenant at will or by sufferance, the landlord must 

give the tenant at least three days’ written notice to vacate before the landlord files 

a forcible detainer suit unless the parties have contracted for a shorter or longer 

notice period in a written lease or agreement. If a building is purchased at a tax 

foreclosure sale or a trustee’s foreclosure sale under a lien superior to the tenant’s 

lease and the tenant timely pays rent and is not otherwise in default under the 

tenant’s lease after foreclosure, the purchaser must give a residential tenant of the 

building at least 30 days’ written notice to vacate if the purchaser chooses not to 

continue the lease. The tenant is considered to timely pay the rent under this 

subsection if, during the month of the foreclosure sale, the tenant pays the rent for 

that month to the landlord before receiving any notice that a foreclosure sale is 

scheduled during the month or pays the rent for that month to the foreclosing 

lienholder or the purchaser at foreclosure not later than the fifth day after the date 

of receipt of a written notice of the name and address of the purchaser that requests 

payment. Before a foreclosure sale, a foreclosing lienholder may give written 

notice to a tenant stating that a foreclosure notice has been given to the landlord or 

owner of the property and specifying the date of the foreclosure. 

(continued.. .) 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 4 (GA-0364) 

tenant or other person possessing the property before filing an eviction suit, a forcible detainer suit, 

or a forcible entry and detainer suit. See TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. 5 24.005(a)-(d) (Vernon 2000). 

Section 154.005(d) of the Local Government Code permits a constable to retain a fee only for 

delivering a notice to vacate. It does not permit a constable to retain a fee for delivering a notice that 

is not required by section 24.005, such as a fee for serving a citation in an eviction suit, a forcible 

detainer suit, or a forcible entry and detainer suit. 

Next you wish to know, in essence, whether section 154.005(d), in permitting constables to 

retain fees for delivering notices to vacate, comports with article XVI, section 61 of the Texas 

Constitution. Article XVI, section 61 requires that all constables must be compensated on a salary 

basis: 

In all counties in this State, the Commissioners Courts shall 

be authorized to determine whether precinct officers shall be 

compensated on a fee basis or on a salary basis, with the exception 

that it shall be mandatory upon the Commissioners Courts, to 

compensate all justices of the peace, constables, deputy constables 

and precinct law enforcement officers on a salary basis. 

TEX. CONST. art. XVI, 8 61(b) (emphasis added). Moreover, “[a]11 fees earned by district, county 

and precinct officers shall be paid into the county treasury where earned for the account of the proper 

fund.” Id. 8 6 1 (d). Consistent with this directive, section 154.003 of the Local Government Code 

provides that “[a] district, county, or precinct officer who is paid an annual salary shall charge and 

collect in the manner authorized by law all fees, commissions, and other compensation permitted for 

official services performed by the officer. The officer shall dispose of the collected money as 

provided by Subchapter B, Chapter 113,” which requires all fees to be deposited in the county 

treasury. TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. 5 154.003 (Vernon 1999); see also id. 8 113.02 1 (a) (“The 

fees, commissions, funds, and other money belonging to a county shall be deposited with the county 

treasurer by the officer who collects the money.“). 

(c) If the occupant is a tenant of a person who acquired possession by 

forcible entry, the landlord must give the person at least three days’ written notice 

to vacate before the landlord files a forcible detainer suit. 

(d) In all situations in which the entry by the occupant was a forcible entry 

under Section 24.001, theperson entitled to possession must give the occupant oral 

or written notice to vacate before the landlord files a forcible entry and detainer 

suit. The notice to vacate under this subsection may be to vacate immediately or by 

a specified deadline. 

(e) If the lease or applicable law requires the landlord to give a tenant an 

opportunity to respond to a notice of proposed eviction, a notice to vacate may not 

be given until the period provided for the tenant to respond to the eviction notice 

has expired. 

Id. 6 24.005(a)-(e) (emphasis added). 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 5 (GA-0364) 

“The purpose of [article XVI, section 611 was to abolish the fee system of compensating the 

officers named and to place them on a salary basis.” Wichita County v. Robinson, 276 S.W.2d 509, 

5 13 (Tex. 1954). A statute that permits a salaried officer to retain a fee as compensation in addition 

to his or her salary violates article XVI, section 6 1. See id. at 5 15 (holding that statute permitting 

county tax assessor-collector to retain portion of fee for issuing title certificate as compensation in 

addition to county salary violated article XVI, section 61). 

Whether an official may retain a fee in addition to his or her salary depends upon whether 

the fee is a fee of office. For example, section 154.005(a) of the Local Government Code expressly 

permits a justice of the peace to receive fees for performing marriages in addition to a salary, and 

section 154.005(b) provides that a county judge may do the same. See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE ANN. 

§ 154.005(a)-(b) (V emon 1999). A number of attorney general opinions have concluded that justices 

of the peace and county judges may charge a fee for conducting marriage ceremonies and that the 

fee need not be deposited in the county treasury. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. Nos. DM-397 (1996) 

at 7, JM-22 (1983) at 2, S-70 (1953) at 2. Those opinions rely on the Texas Supreme Court’s 

holding in Moove v. Sheppard, 192 S. W.2d 559 (Tex. 1946)’ that although public officials may not 

charge fees for performing their official duties, they may charge and keep fees for services that they 

are not legally obligated to perform. See id. at 560 (“The general principle prohibiting public 

officials from charging fees for the performance of their official duties does not prohibit them from 

charging for their services for acts that they are under no obligation, under the law, to perform.“). 

In that case, the supreme court concluded that clerks of the courts of appeals were not required to 

account to the state for money they collected for providing uncertified, unofficial copies of opinions 

because no statute required the clerks to furnish the copies, no statute fixed a fee for such services, 

and no statute required the clerks to deposit money they received for the services in the state treasury. 

See id. at 562. As this office recently summarized in Attorney General Opinion GA-0145, 

These attorney general opinions suggest that a fee for 

conducting a marriage ceremony is not a “fee of office” for purposes 

of article XVI, section 61 of the Texas Constitution and that section 

154.005 is constitutional with respect to the disposition of these fees 

because article XVI, section 61 does not mandate that a fee for 

performing a marriage must be deposited in the county treasury. 

Although the Family Code authorizes justices of the peace and county 

judges, among others, to conduct amarriage ceremony, see TEX. FAM. 

CODE ANN. 8 2.202(a)(4) (V emon 1998)’ they are not required to 

exercise that authority, and no statute establishes a fee for this 

service. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. Nos. DM-397 (1996) at 1, JM-22 

(1983) at 1, S-70 (1953) at 1. 

Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. GA-0145 (2004) at 6. By contrast, Attorney General Opinion GA-0145 

concluded that section 154.005(a) of the Local Government Code violates article XVI, section 61 

to the extent it permits a justice of the peace to receive fees for issuing certified copies of birth and 

death certificates in addition to his or her annual salary: 

[A] justice of the peace who also serves as local registrar is required 

to provide certified copies of birth and death certificates, and the fee 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 6 (GA-0364) 

for issuing these records is fixed by law. A fee for issuing a birth or 

death certificate is a justice of the peace “fee of office.” 

Id. (citations omitted). 

We conclude that a fee a constable receives for delivering a notice to vacate required by 

section 24.005 of the Property Code is not a fee of office. First, section 24.005 does not require that 

a notice to vacate be delivered by a constable. See supra note 2. And although section 86.021 of 

the Local Government Code permits a constable to deliver such notices, it does not require a 

constable to do so. See TEX. Lot. GOV’T CODE ANN. 9 86.021(a) (Vernon Supp. 2004-05). 

Moreover, section 154.005(d) ofthe Local Government Code expressly provides that delivering such 

notices is not an official constable duty and prohibits a constable from delivering these notices in an 

official capacity: 

Notices may only be delivered when not in conflict with the official 

duties and responsibilities of the constable. A constable delivering 

said notices must not be wearing upon his or her person a uniform or 

any insignia which would usually be associated with the position of 

constable nor may the constable use a county vehicle or county 

equipment while delivering said notices. For purposes of collecting 

fees for serving said notices, a constable is considered a private 

process server. 

Id. 6 154.005(d) (V emon 1999). In addition, no statute establishes a fee for this service. 

In sum, although article XVI, section 61 generally precludes a constable from retaining in 

addition to his or her salary any fee, that prohibition does not apply to a fee for delivering a notice 

to vacate required by section 24.005 of the Property Code. Section 154.005(d) of the Local 

Government Code, in permitting a constable to retain in addition to his or her salary a fee for 

delivering a notice to vacate required by section 24.005 of the Property Code, does not violate article 

XVI, section 61. Our conclusion here is limited to a fee for delivering a notice to vacate expressly 

required by section 24.005 of the Property Code and does not reach any other type of fee a constable 

collects. 
The Honorable Will Hartnett - Page 7 (GA-0364) 

SUMMARY 

Section 154.005(d) of the Local Government Code permits a 

constable to retain in addition to his or her salary a fee for delivering 

a notice to vacate required by section 24.005 of the Property Code. 

Article XVI, section 61 of the Texas Constitution precludes a 

constable from retaining any fee of office in addition to his or her 

salary. That prohibition does not apply to a fee for delivering a notice 

to vacate required by section 24.005 of the Property Code, which is 

not a fee of office. 

Very truly yours, 

BARRY R. MCBEE 

First Assistant Attorney General 

NANCY S. FULLER 

Chair, Opinion Committee 

Mary R. Crouter 

Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee