NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

NOEL AGUSTIN CARBALLO,

Petitioner,

 v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney

General,

Respondent.

No. 17-72177

Agency No. A205-491-065

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted September 15, 2023** 

Seattle, Washington

Before: W. FLETCHER, R. NELSON, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.

Noel Agustin Carballo (“Carballo”), a native and citizen of Nicaragua,

petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). 

The BIA affirmed the immigration judge’s (“IJ”) finding that Carballo’s testimony

FILED

OCT 13 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
was not credible. In the absence of credible testimony, the BIA affirmed the denial

of Carballo’s withholding of removal claim. The BIA also affirmed the IJ’s

alternative holding that Carballo did not establish a nexus to a protected ground. 

Finally, the BIA affirmed the IJ’s denial of Carballo’s claim for relief under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) because his testimony was not credible and

he did not show that it is more likely than not that he would be tortured if returned

to Nicaragua. 

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial

evidence factual findings underlying the IJ’s adverse credibility determination. 

Garcia v. Holder, 749 F.3d 785, 789 (9th Cir. 2014). We apply the same standard

to a determination that a petitioner is not eligible for withholding of removal or

CAT protection. Plancarte Sauceda v. Garland, 23 F.4th 824, 831 (9th Cir. 2022). 

“To prevail under the substantial evidence standard, the petitioner must show that

the evidence not only supports, but compels the conclusion that these findings and

decisions are erroneous.” Plancarte Sauceda v. Garland, 23 F.4th 824, 831 (9th

Cir. 2022) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). We deny the petition. 

Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse credibility determination. 

“[A]n adverse credibility determination must be made after considering the totality

of circumstances, and all relevant factors.” Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034,

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1040 (9th Cir. 2010). Inconsistencies that form the basis for the adverse credibility

determination can be relatively minor and need not go to the heart of petitioner’s

claim for relief. Alam v. Garland, 11 F.4th 1133, 1137 (9th Cir. 2021) (en banc). 

The IJ cited at least three specific inconsistencies between Carballo’s

application and his oral testimony before the IJ. First, Carballo testified that in

2005, gang members assaulted him during a robbery and attacked him with a bottle

after he refused the gang’s recruitment attempts. But his written application did

not include any information about these incidents. Second, Carballo testified that

his brother was nearly killed by a gang when gang members sought information

about Carballo’s whereabouts and that this influenced his decision to leave

Nicaragua. His written application did not include this information and instead

stated that he left Nicaragua because of a dispute with his neighbor. Third,

Carballo testified that his neighbor was never dangerous and that they resolved the

dispute, despite the fact that his written application cited the dispute as his reason

for leaving Nicaragua. When asked by the IJ to explain this discrepancy, Carballo

became evasive and did not offer an explanation. 

Because Carballo lacked credible testimony to support his withholding of

removal claim, we affirm the BIA’s denial of his withholding of removal claim. 

Rodriguez-Ramirez v. Garland, 11 F.4th 1091, 1094 (9th Cir. 2021) (per curiam)

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(“Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s conclusion that without credible

testimony, Rodriguez-Ramirez failed to establish eligibility for asylum or

withholding of removal.”). We need not reach the IJ’s alternative holding that

Carballo’s claim lacked a nexus to a protected ground. 

We also affirm the BIA’s denial of Carballo’s CAT claim based on the

adverse credibility finding. Carballo did not establish, as required under 8 C.F.R. §

208.16(c)(2), that it was more likely than not that he would be tortured if returned

to Nicaragua. Singh v. Lynch, 802 F.3d 972, 977 (9th Cir. 2015), abrogated on

other grounds by Alam v. Garland, 11 F.4th 1133 (9th Cir. 2021) (“Singh’s claim

under the CAT is based on the same statements he made regarding his claims for

asylum and withholding of removal. Thus, it was proper for the IJ and the BIA to

rely on the same adverse credibility determination in denying all of his claims.”). 

PETITION DENIED. 

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