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# OAR Box 1784 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 81)11-1-^2 ^ Docket Number: 

# A-84-4 4

Printed 10/31/2008 8:05:41 AM Sheet 81 of 143P. 2 

# ENERG Y REQUIREMENTS FO RTH E HP I
Th e energ y consume db y th e HP I i s asmal l fractio n o f th e tota l energ y valu e o f it s finishe dproducts . Bu t sinc e hydrocarbon s (crud e oil , natura l ga s an dcoal ) furnis hmor e tha n90 % o f th e world' s tota l energ y needs , tha t

fractio nrepresent s ahug e amoun t o f en ergy—a nestimate d5. 0 Quad s in th e U.S . alon e in 1985 . Anintegrate drefinery use s energ y equivalen t t o abou t 10 % o f th e tota l energ y conten t

inth e crud e oi l it processes . All o

f th e refinery' s need s coul db e derive dfro mit s ow ncrud e oi l feed , bu t man y installa

tion s ar e designe dt o us e availabl e supplementa l fu

els . Tabl e 1 show s th e type s an dquantitie s o f fnels

use db y U.S . refinerie s in1982 , th e las t year for whic h dat aar e available . Th e fue l requirement s o

f an y on e refiner

y depen d o nth e natur e o

f th e feed , th e fina

l produc t yiel dan d th e level o

f individual produc t

quality . B y thei r

na ture , som e product s suc ha s lub e oil s an dpetrochem

ical s requir e adisproportionatel y greate r quantit y o

f processin g energ y pe r

uni t o f produc t output . Th e petrochemica l an dnatura l ga s processin g sec tor s represen t

extreme s in HP

I energ y consumption . Petrochemicals , fo

r example , ca n us e one-thir do r one-hal f o f it s feed' s energ y conten t

jus t t o suppl y th e energ y o f conversion . O nth e othe r hand , natura l ga s processin g require s very little , b y comparison . Th e distributio no

f energ y source s for

refining , petro chemical s an dga s processin g in198 5 i s estimate da s show nin Tabl e 2 . I neithe r acrud e oi l refiner

y o r anatura l ga s pro cessin g plant , muc ho

f th e energ y consumptio ni s for liquid-vapo r

phas e changes . Som e o f th e mor e suc cessfu l energ y conservatio nmeasure s s o fa r hav e com e fro mtakin g th e hea t fro mavapo r

liquefactio n ste p an daddin g i

t t o som e liqui dvaporizatio nstep . Thus , hea t

onc e discarde da s wast e durin g acoolin g ste p i s no w recycle dt o th e system . Th e HP I i s expecte dt o continu e it s driv e t o reduc e energ y requirement s pe r uni t o f thruput . Th e reduc

tio ni s accomplishe db y installin g mor e efficient fur

nace s for bette r fue l use , installin g mor e hea t ex changer s t o us e produc t hea t a s fee dpreheat , installin g pump s an dcompressor s fo r ane t gai nfro m lo w level hea t

source s an daddin g instrument s t o kee p close r

contro l o n proces s conditions . Cogenera

tio ni s anothe r

technolog y tha t

promise s t o lower

HP I energ y requirements . More informatio no n HP I co generatio ni s give no n th e nex t page . Ongoin g project s o

f energ y conservatio nge t

impe

tu s fromhig henerg y price s an dstringen t environ

menta l requirements . Conservatio nproject s offe r mixe dblessings . Whe nothe r industrie s instal l en ergy-savin g equipment , the y decreas e th e deman d fo r th e HPI' s products—fuels . Nevertheless , conser vatio nmeasure s hel p th e HP I operat e mor e efficientl y and , hence , mor e profitably . Sharin g energ y need s amon g unit s introduce s an othe r situation . Eac huni t

become s mor e dependen t o nth e operatio no

f som e othe r

unit . Th e combina

tion s ca nge t

ver y complex . The ni

t i s worthwhil e t o ad dcomputer-base dpowe r advisor y an dcontro l sys tems . Th e compute r

use s consisten t

energ y term s t o relat e change s amon g man y units . Suc hcontrol s avoi dthos e situation s wher e ane t energ y los s coul d resul t fro ma n energ y saving s in on e uni t tha t im

pose s agreate r

energ y usag e b y another . Th e growin g awarenes s o f energ y requirement s ha s give nne w insigh t

int o th e varie dvalu e o

f hea t input . I t i s n o longe r

adequat e t o simpl y specif y BT U re quirements . I

t i s no w importan t

t o identif y th e sourc e o f thos e BTUs . Som e may com e fro mwast e hea t hav

in g low o r

negativ e value . Other s ma y com e fro mth e purchas e o

f very valuabl e outsid e fuels . Thi s trad e of f appear s repeatedl y t o influenc e th e sellin g pric e of commercia l fuels . TABL E 1 FUELS CONSUME D B

YU.S . REFINERIE S I N 1982 Hea t Quantit y Conten t Source Consumed Quads * Purchase d Electricity Natura l Gas Othe rPurchase d Fuel s Interna l Products as Fue l Tota l Crud e Ru n t o Still s 0.08x10 12 kW h

0.56x10 12 Sc f (coa l an d steam ) 0.28x10 9 bb l 4.31x10 9 bb l 0.2 8

0.5 8 0.0 4 1.6 7 2.5 7 25. 0 •Quad s - 1x10 15 BT U Source : U.S . Dept . o

f Energy , "Petroleu m Suppl y Monthly " DO E EIA410 9 (8 2 03 ) throug h (S3 02) . Su m o f Tabl e 1 9 b

y months . Note : Purchase d electricity i s greate r tha n norma l becaus e o f a 10-fol d increas e i n January , 1982 . Thereafter , purchase s returne d t o normal .

TABL E 2 ESTIMATE D 1985 ENERG Y REQUIREMENT

S FO R U.S . REFININ G Purchase d Electricity Purchase d Fue l Interna l Fuel s Tota l PETROCHEMICAL

S Purchase d Electricity Purchase d Fue l Tota l GA S PROCESSIN G Purchase d Electricity Purchase d Fue l Interna l Fuel s Tota l U.S . HP I Tota l HP I Quads * 0. 2 0. 5 1. 7 2. 4 0. 2 1. 6 1. 8 Negligibl e 0. 1 0. 7 0. 8 5. 0

•Quad s - 1 x 10' 5 BT U Source : Independen t Petroleu m Association , Suppl y an d Deman d Committee , reporte d a t meetin g i n Reno , Nevada , May 5-7 , 1982 . Adjuste d t o accoun t lo r estimate d 198 5 produc t deman d an d late r purchas e patterns . 2 6 ENERG

YREQUIREMENT

S Marke t Dat a 1985—Prepare d b yHydrocarbon Processing