# Patent

## Title
Fuel tank cap for a fuel tank

## Abstract

A fuel tank cap includes a housing having a side wall, a bottom wall, and a receptacle, a fuel vapor adsorption material positioned within the receptacle, an inlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with a fuel tank vapor space, an outlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with the atmosphere, an internal wall extending from the bottom wall at least partially into the receptacle, and an aperture at least partially defined by the internal wall and configured to permit fuel vapor to flow in a vapor flow path from one side of the internal wall to the other side of the internal wall.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/132,436 filed Jun. 3, 2008, the contents of which are fully incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND
The present invention relates to a fuel tank cap for capturing evaporative emissions from fuel tanks or other engine components.
Internal combustion engines are often used to power small equipment such as lawnmowers, tillers, snow throwers, lawn tractors and the like. The fuel system includes a tank, in which fuel is stored for use. Generally, the volatility of the fuel allows a portion of the fuel to evaporate and mix with air within the tank. Changes in temperature, such as those between evening and daytime, as well as sloshing during use can cause an increase or a decrease in the amount of fuel vapor in the tank as well as an increase or a decrease in the pressure within the tank.
To deal with the fuel vapor, the fuel tank cap often includes a filtering element. The filtering element filters the fuel vapor from the air to substantially reduce or eliminate any fuel vapor emissions from the fuel system.
SUMMARY
The invention provides, in one aspect, a fuel tank cap including a housing having a side wall, a bottom wall, and a receptacle, a fuel vapor adsorption material positioned within the receptacle, an inlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with a fuel tank vapor space, an outlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with the atmosphere, an internal wall extending from the bottom wall at least partially into the receptacle, and an aperture at least partially defined by the internal wall and configured to permit fuel vapor to flow in a vapor flow path from one side of the internal wall to the other side of the internal wall.
The invention provides, in another aspect, a fuel tank cap for use with a fuel tank having a fuel inlet. The fuel tank cap includes a sealing portion configured to engage the fuel inlet for sealing the fuel inlet, a bottom wall horizontally disposed above the sealing portion when the fuel tank cap is installed on the fuel tank, a receptacle at least partially defined by the bottom wall and containing therein a fuel vapor adsorption material, a vertically oriented internal wall in contact with the bottom wall and dividing the receptacle into a first region and a second region, an inlet to the receptacle for allowing fuel vapor from the fuel tank to enter the receptacle, and an outlet from the receptacle for allowing scrubbed fuel vapor to exit the receptacle, in which the internal wall intersects a direct line extending between the inlet and the outlet.
Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an engine including the fuel tank cap of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the fuel tank cap of present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel tank cap of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 2.
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 2
FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the fuel tank cap of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel tank cap of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 8.
FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 8.
FIG. 12 is a top view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 8.
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 8.
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the fuel tank cap of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a top view of the fuel tank cap housing of FIG. 14.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.
With reference to FIG. 1, an engine assembly 10 is illustrated. To properly operate the engine assembly 10, the engine assembly 10 includes a fuel tank 14, an air-fuel mixing device 11 and an air cleaner assembly 13. Generally, the air-fuel mixing device 11 includes a carburetor, but it could also be a throttle body or other component of a fuel injection system. The engine is similar to engines of a type that are often used to power outdoor power equipment such as lawnmowers, garden tractors, snow throwers, tillers, pressure washers, generators, and the like.
Typically, the fuel tank 14 is sized based on the size of the engine and the task to be performed by the device to which the engine and the fuel tank are attached. Thus, a variety of fuel tank sizes are available. As one of ordinary skill in the art will realize, several fuel tanks of different sizes can be used with engines. As such, the invention described herein should not be limited to use with fuel tanks sized as described herein. Rather, the invention is applicable to different fuel tanks in addition to those discussed. However, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention using fuel vapor adsorption material may be limited practically to engines using smaller fuel tanks, due to the practical size limitations of the fuel vapor adsorption material for large fuel tanks, such that as the size of the fuel tank increases, the size of the fuel vapor adsorption material increases accordingly. The fuel tank 14 can be formed by a plurality of materials, including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, composite, and the like. Manufacturing processes available to form the fuel tank include, but are not limited to vacuum-forming, roto-molding, blow-molding, injection molding and the like.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 9, the fuel tank 14 further includes a fuel tank reservoir 18. The fuel tank reservoir 18 is integrally-formed with the top portion of the fuel tank 14. Fuel 22 is retained in the fuel tank 14, and fuel vapor 26 exists above the fuel 22 in the fuel tank 14 in the fuel tank vapor space 30.
FIGS. 2 through 7 illustrate one embodiment of the fuel cap 34 of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the fuel cap 34. The fuel cap 34 includes a housing 38, an inlet 42, an outlet 46, a plurality of screens 50, fuel vapor adsorption material 54, a compression foam 58, a receptacle cover 62, a sealing gasket 64, a tether 66, and a cap cover 70. As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel tank cap housing 38 is coupled with the filler neck 74 of the fuel tank 14 via threads 39. However, in other embodiments, the fuel tank cap may have a snap-on configuration, push-on connection or similar connection. Gasket 64 creates a fluid tight seal between the fuel tank housing 38 and filler neck 74. The gasket 64 is configured to allow for compression fit with the housing 38 and fluid access to the inlet 42.
As shown in FIGS. 2 through 7, the housing 38 has a side wall 78 and a base wall 82. The housing 38 is formed of materials such as acetyl, nylon, polypropylene, and like material. The housing 38 is preferably, among other things, a fuel-resistant, low resitivity, impact resistant material. The inlet 42 is substantially positioned on the base wall 82 and configured to provide fluid communication with the fuel tank vapor space 30 (see FIG. 5). The outlet 46 is positioned on the base wall 82 and configured to provide fluid communication with the atmosphere (see FIG. 5). Screens 50 are positioned on a receptacle side of both the inlet 42 and outlet 46 to prevent the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 from interfering with either of the inlet 42 or the outlet 46. The screens 50 are open-mesh and sized based on the carbon pellet size of the fuel vapor adsorption material 54. In other embodiments, the screens can be any shape to match the size and shape of the inlet and the outlet. The inlet 42 and outlet 46 both include at least one stand-off 90 configured to keep the screens 50 in position and to protect the inlet 42 and outlet 46 from any compressive forces applied to the system. The fuel vapor adsorption material 54 is retained in the receptacle 86 of the housing 38. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 is carbon. In other embodiments, the fuel vapor adsorption material can be another adsorption material capable of adsorbing fuel vapor.
The compression foam 58 is positioned adjacent the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 and retains the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 in the receptacle 86. The compression foam 58 substantially compresses the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 along all axes. The compression foam 58 provides abrasion resistance so that the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 does not degrade by rubbing against itself or a hard surface. Furthermore, the compression foam 58 creates a seal over the receptacle 86 to prevent fuel vapor from bypassing the vapor adsorption material 54. The compression foam 58 is a low durometer, closed-cell elastomer. In other embodiments, the compression foam can be other types of foam, elastomeric material, or rubber material.
The receptacle cover 62 is positioned adjacent the compression foam 58 and retains the compression foam 58 in the receptacle 86. The receptacle cover 62 is coupled to the fuel cap housing 38 with a material weld. In other embodiments, alternative joining methods may be used, including but not limited to, gluing or snap fits. The tether 66 is adapted to allow the fuel tank cap 34 to be removably attached to the filler neck 74 extending from the fuel tank 14, and attached so that the fuel tank cap 34 remains coupled to the fuel tank 14 to prevent loss of the fuel tank cap 34 when it is removed from the filler neck 74 of the fuel tank 14 during refueling. The fuel tank cap cover 70 is configured to be positioned over the fuel cap housing 38. As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel tank cap cover 70 is retained on the cap housing 38 by interlocking ribs 71 and grooves 72. The cap housing 38 includes protrusions 94 extending from the cap housing 38 and configured to provide a ratchet function (see FIG. 7). By rotating the fuel tank cap cover 70 at a predefined torque, the fuel tank cap cover 70 will engage the cap housing 38 by interlocking with the protrusions 94 on the cap housing 38. Once engaged, the fuel tank cap cover 70 and the cap housing 38 will resist movement in the opposite direction, thereby preventing the fuel tank cap cover 70 from being over-tightened.
The fuel cap 34 can further include an optional mounting device or apparatus 114 for any additional apparatus to be coupled to the fuel cap 34. By way of example only, the additional apparatus may include a fuel additive capsule 116 (see FIG. 3), containing fuel stabilizer, as described and illustrated in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,942,124 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,981,532, which are incorporated herein by reference. If a fuel stabilizer capsule is included in mounting apparatus 114, the capsule 116 is designed to automatically drip a small quantity of a fuel stabilizer liquid into the fuel tank 14; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,942,124 and 6,981,532. A point or protrusion (not shown) in the mounting apparatus 114 creates a vent hole in the top of the fuel stabilizer capsule, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,942,124 and 6,981,532. A suitable fuel stabilizer capsule for use with the present invention is sold by Briggs and Stratton Corporation under the trademark FRESH START. Vents 118 formed in the mounting apparatus 114 allow venting of the fuel additive capsule. Each of the fuel cap embodiments disclosed herein may include the optional mounting device 114 and/or a fuel capsule 116 disposed in the mounting device.
As shown in FIGS. 2 through 7, the housing 38 further includes a receptacle 86 configured to retain the fuel vapor adsorption material 54. The receptacle 86 is divided by a plurality of internal walls 98. The internal walls 98 are integrally formed with the base wall 82 and the side wall 78 of the housing 38. The internal walls 98 provide partitioned regions 102a, 102b, and 102c within the receptacle 86 and define a general flow path 106 through the partitioned regions 102a, 102b, and 102c for fuel vapor 26 from the fuel tank 14.
Apertures or slits 110 are formed within the internal walls 98 and further define the general flow path 106 through the partitioned regions 102a, 102b, and 102c. As shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 6, the internal walls 98 are positioned to form a substantially “Y” shape. The inlet 42 and outlet 46 are disposed within different partitioned regions 102a and 102c, respectively, in order to provide a general flow path 106 through the longest volume at the center of the fuel vapor adsorption material 54.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the general flow path 106 extends from the inlet 42 through the fuel vapor adsorption material 54 and to the outlet 46 in a substantially circular flow path 106. The general flow path 106 is directed through the apertures 110 in the internal walls 98. The apertures 110 are positioned to increase adsorption efficiency by directing the flow path generally through the center of the fuel vapor adsorption material and away from the side wall 78. However, in some embodiments, the fuel vapor 26 may also diffuse from the general flow path 106 to the side wall 78 and the internal walls 98 in order to utilize more of the fuel vapor adsorption material 54.
In operation and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the engine is at rest, fuel vapor 26 is emitted from the fuel tank 14 and enters the fuel cap housing 38 through the inlet 42. The fuel vapor 26 follows the general fuel vapor flow path 106 to the outlet 46. At the outlet 46, the fluid flow is substantially fuel vapor free and exits to the atmosphere because the fuel vapor 26 is substantially retained in the fuel vapor adsorption material 54. The fuel vapor adsorption material 54 can be purged of the fuel vapor 26 by reversing the general flow path such that ambient air enters the cap housing through the outlet and proceeds along the general flow path to the inlet as a result of a reduction in fuel tank pressure. Fuel tank pressure reduction may result from conditions, for example, but not limited to natural effects, such as ambient temperature changes, or engine effects, such as fuel consumption or intake vacuum. The air, now entrained with fuel vapor, can re-enter the fuel tank vapor space through the inlet, thereby effectively purging the fuel vapor adsorption material of the fuel vapor.
FIGS. 8 through 13 show an alternate embodiment of the fuel tank cap 234 according to the present invention. The fuel tank cap 234 shown in FIGS. 8 through 13 includes similar structure to the fuel tank cap 34 illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 7 described above; therefore, similar components are identified by the same reference numerals, plus “200”. The housing 238 has a side wall 278, a base wall 282, and a receptacle 286. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 8, 10, and 12, the internal walls 298 are positioned within housing 238 to form a substantially “X” or cross shape. Apertures or slits 210 are formed within the internal walls 298 and further define the general flow path 206 through the partitioned regions 202a, 202b, 202c, and 202d. The inlet 42 and outlet 46 are disposed within different partitioned regions 202a and 202d, respectively, in order to provide a general flow path 206 that will provide for fuel vapor path flow 206 along the center, or longest part of the fuel vapor adsorption media 254.
FIGS. 14 and 15 show an alternate embodiment of the fuel tank cap 334 according to the present invention. The fuel tank cap 334 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 includes similar structure to the fuel tank cap 34 illustrated in FIGS. 2 through 7 described above; therefore, similar components are identified by the same reference numerals, plus “300”. The housing 338 has a side wall 378, a base wall 382, and a receptacle 386. More specifically, an internal wall 398 is positioned within housing 338 between the inlet 342 and the outlet 346 to create partitioned regions 302a and 302b. Screens 350 are positioned on receptacle side 386 of both inlet 342 and outlet 346. An aperture or slit 310 defines a general flow path 306 through partitioned regions 302a, 302b. The inlet 342 and outlet 346 are disposed within different partitioned regions 302a and 302b, respectively, in order to provide a general flow path 306 that will provide for fuel vapor path flow 306 along the center, or longest part of the fuel vapor adsorption media 354. The fuel vapor flow path 306 is substantially “U” or circular shaped.
In the illustrated embodiments, the fuel vapor flow path configurations can increase the filtering efficiency of the fuel tank cap. More specifically, the Y-shape and X-shape configurations (FIGS. 2 through 7 and FIGS. 8 through 13, respectively) of the fuel tank cap are expected to increase the filtering efficiency of the fuel tank caps 34 and 234 by approximately, twenty percent over the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The configuration of the internal walls essentially forces the fuel vapor flow path to extend throughout the fuel vapor adsorption material. The efficiency of fuel vapor adsorption is increased by keeping the fuel vapor flow path centralized to the volume of fuel vapor adsorption material. Accordingly, the volume of the fuel vapor adsorption material is substantially equal on all sides of the fuel vapor flow path. By keeping the flow path centralized and away from the side wall of the housing in the first and second embodiments, fuel vapor adsorption is increased. The extended flow path through the fuel vapor adsorption material also increases the surface area of contact between the fuel vapor and the fuel vapor adsorption material. Accordingly, the extended path allows for substantially all of the fuel vapor to be adsorbed by the fuel vapor adsorption material such that substantially fuel vapor free air will be emitted to the atmosphere.
Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A fuel tank cap comprising:
a housing having a side wall, a bottom wall, and a receptacle;
a fuel vapor adsorption material positioned within the receptacle;
an inlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with a fuel tank vapor space;
an outlet at least partially defined by the bottom wall and configured to provide fluid communication with the atmosphere;
an internal wall extending from the bottom wall at least partially into the receptacle; and
an aperture at least partially defined by the internal wall and configured to permit fuel vapor to flow in a vapor flow path from one side of the internal wall to the other side of the internal wall.

2. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the fuel vapor adsorption material includes activated carbon.

3. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the vapor flow path is substantially circular.

4. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the internal wall is a first internal wall, and wherein the fuel tank cap further includes at least two additional internal walls extending from the bottom wall and contiguous with the first internal wall.

5. The fuel tank cap of claim 4, wherein each of the at least two additional internal walls has an aperture configured to permit passage of fuel vapor through the respective internal wall.

6. The fuel tank cap of claim 5, wherein the at least two additional internal walls includes at least three internal walls, and wherein a combination of the first internal wall and the at least three additional internal walls has a substantially X-shaped configuration.

7. The fuel tank cap of claim 5, wherein a combination of the first internal wall and the at least two additional internal walls has a substantially Y-shaped configuration.

8. The fuel tank cap of claim 5, wherein the apertures are non-adjacent to the side wall.

9. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the internal wall extends from the bottom wall in a radial orientation with respect to the housing.

10. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the inlet is disposed in the bottom wall, and wherein the outlet is disposed in one of the bottom wall and the side wall.

11. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, wherein the fuel tank cap includes a mounting apparatus configured to receive a fuel additive capsule.

12. The fuel tank cap of claim 11, wherein the mounting apparatus is positioned on an opposite side of the bottom wall from the internal wall.

13. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, further comprising a fuel tank cap cover coupled to the side wall of the housing.

14. The fuel tank cap of claim 13, wherein the cover includes one of a rib and a groove, wherein the housing includes the other of the rib and the groove, and wherein the rib interlocks with the groove to retain the cover to the housing.

15. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, further comprising a receptacle cover coupled to the housing and oriented parallel to the bottom wall.

16. The fuel tank cap of claim 15, wherein the internal wall includes a distal edge in facing relationship with the receptacle cover.

17. The fuel tank cap of claim 16, wherein the distal edge of the internal wall is spaced from the cover.

18. The fuel tank cap of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the fuel vapor adsorption material is positioned between the distal edge of the internal wall and the cover.

19. The fuel tank cap of claim 15, further comprising foam positioned between the receptacle cover and the fuel vapor adsorption material for exerting a compressive force on the fuel vapor adsorption material.

20. The fuel tank cap of claim 1, further comprising:
a first screen positioned between the inlet and the fuel vapor adsorption material for preventing the fuel vapor adsorption material from entering the inlet; and
a second screen positioned between the outlet and the fuel vapor adsorption material for preventing the fuel vapor adsorption material from entering the outlet.

21. A fuel tank cap for use with a fuel tank having a fuel inlet, the fuel tank cap comprising:
a sealing portion configured to engage the fuel inlet for sealing the fuel inlet;
a bottom wall horizontally disposed above the sealing portion when the fuel tank cap is installed on the fuel tank;
a receptacle at least partially defined by the bottom wall and containing therein a fuel vapor adsorption material;
a vertically oriented internal wall in contact with the bottom wall and dividing the receptacle into a first region and a second region;
an inlet to the receptacle for allowing fuel vapor from the fuel tank to enter the receptacle; and
an outlet from the receptacle for allowing scrubbed fuel vapor to exit the receptacle;
wherein the internal wall intersects a direct line extending between the inlet and the outlet.

22. The fuel tank cap of claim 21, wherein the inlet and the outlet are each at least partially defined by the bottom wall, and wherein the internal wall is positioned between the inlet and the outlet.

23. The fuel tank cap of claim 21, further comprising a side wall surrounding the bottom wall, wherein one of the inlet and the outlet is at least partially defined by one of the side wall and the bottom wall, and wherein the other of the inlet and the outlet is at least partially defined by the other of the side wall and the bottom wall.

24. The fuel tank cap of claim 23, wherein the inlet is entirely defined by the bottom wall.

25. The fuel tank cap of claim 23, wherein the outlet is defined by the side wall and the bottom wall.