ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS

GREG ABBOTT

January 18, 2008

The Honorable Jeff Wentworth

Chair, Committee on Jurisprudence

Texas State Senate

Post Office Box 12068

Austin, Texas 78711

Dear Senator Wentworth:

Opinion No. GA-0597

Re: Whether a member of the Village of

WimberleyCity Councilmay serve simultaneously

on the board of directors ofthe Wimberley Water

Supply Corporation (RQ-0613-GA)

You ask whether a member of the Village of Wimberley City Council may serve

simultaneously on the board of directors ofthe Wimberley Water Supply Corporation. 1 You state

that, at present, "[0]ne member ofthe Village ofWimberley City Council holds a position as a First

Vice President of the Board of Directors of the Wimberley Water Supply Corporation; [and] the

Village of Wimberley Mayor holds the position as President of the Board of Directors of the

Wimberley Water Supply Corporation." Request Letter, supra note 1, at 2. Because your letter

suggests that both the mayor and the city council member are members ofthe city council, we refer

to them throughout this opinion as council members. See ide at 2.

Your questions may implicate the constitutional prohibition of dual office holding and the

common-law doctrine of incompatibility. See ide at 1-2. Article XVI, section 40 of the Texas

Constitution does not allow an individual to hold more than one civil office of emolument at the

same time. See TEX. CONST. art. XVI, § 40. The common-law doctrine ofincompatibility prohibits

an individual from holding two public offices that perform inconsistent or conflicting duties. See

Thomas V. Abernathy County Indep. Sch. Dist., 290 S.W. 152, 153 (Tex. Comm'n App. 1927,

judgm't adopted) (concluding that the public offices of school trustee and city alderman are

incompatible because the city's board of aldermen have "various directory or supervisory powers

exertable in respect to school property located within the city or town and in respect to the duties of

school trustee performable within its limits"); Turner v. Trinity Indep. Sch. Dist. Bd. ofTrs. , 700

S.W.2d 1, 2 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1983, no writ). The common-law doctrine of

incompatibility also prohibits an individual "from appointing himselfto another public position, or

from holding both an office and an employment subordinate to the office." Tex. Att'y Gen. Ope No.

GA-0488 (2006) at 2; see also Ehlinger v. Clark, 8 S.W.2d 666, 674 (Tex. 1928) (stating that

lSee Letter from Honorable Jeff Wentworth, Chair, Committee on Jurisprudence, Texas State Senate, to

Honorable Greg Abbott, Attorney General ofTexas (Aug. 14, 2007) (on file with the Opinion Committee, also available

at http://www.oag.state.tx.us) [hereinafter Request Letter].
The Honorable Jeff Wentworth - Page 2 (GA-0597)

.officers who have the appointing power are "disqualified for appointmentto the officesto which they

may appoint").

The constitutional prohibition of dual office holding and the common-law doctrine of

incompatibility pertain to the holding oftwo public offices. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Ope No. DM-303

(1994) at 1 (stating that a county auditor's. position on a nonprofit housing corporation-a private

venture-does not implicate either article XVI, section 40 ofthe Texas Constitution orthe commonlaw doctrine of incompatibility); see also Tilley v. Rogers, 405 S.W.2d 220, 224 (Tex. Civ..

App.-Beaumont 1966, writ refd n.r.e.) (equating the meaning of "civil officer" in article XVI,

section 40 with "public officer"); Tex. Att'y Gen. Ope No. GA-0307 (2005) at 3 (stating that the

common-law doctrine ofincompatibility prevents one person from holding "two public offices" in

certain circumstances). Thus, neither article XVI, section 40 nor the common-law doctrine of

incompatibility applies ifthe water-supply-corporation positions at issue here are private offices.

The Wimberley Water Supply Corporation is a private entity. See N Alamo Water Supply

Corp. v. Willacy County Appraisal Dist., 804 S.W.2d 894, 898-900 (Tex. 1991) (describing how a

water supply corporation operates and concluding that it is not a public charity); cf TEX. CONST. art.

III, § 49-d-7(a) (permitting the Texas Water Development Board to provide bond proceeds to

"various political subdivisions and bodies politic and corporate ofthe state and to nonprofit water

supply corporations"); Tex. Att'yGen. Ope No. JM-852 (1988) at4 (distinguishing between business

entities and public institutions established by legislative action and governed by public officers

exercising delegated legislative authority); Tex. Att'y Gen. LO-95-014, at 3-4 (defining "private

corporation" and distinguishing it from a state agency). It was established as a nonprofit water

supply corporation underWater Code chapter 67.2 See Wimberley Water Supply Corporation

By-Laws art. VIII (attached to Akers Lettersupra note 2, at 7); cf Tex. Att'y Gen. Ope No. JC-0484

(2002) at 6 ("A nonprofit corporation is a private entity and is, therefore, distinguishable from a

public entity."). And a position on the board ofa nonprofit corporation is a private office. See Tex.

Att'y Gen. Ope No. DM-194 (1992) at 3. Because members of the Wimberley Water Supply

Corporation board of directors do not hold public offices,3 neither the constitutional prohibition

against dual office holding nor the common-law doctrine ofincompatibility precludes them from

simultaneously holding positions on the Village of Wimberley City Council.

2See Letter from Honorable Sally Caldwell, City of Woodcreek City Council, to Opinion Committee, Office

of the Attorney General, at 4 (Sept. 15, 2007) [hereinafter Caldwell Brief]; Letter from Patty L. Akers, Village of

Wimberley City Attorney, to Honorable Greg Abbott, Attorney General ofTexas, at 1(Sept. 14,2007) [hereinafterAkers

.Letter]; Brief of Wimberley Water Supply Corporation, at 1, attached to Letter from Michael D. Stevens, Stevens &

Malone, L.L.P., to Honorable Greg Abbott, Attorney General ofTexas (Sept. 5,2007); see also TEX. WATERCODEANN.

§ 67.003(a) (Vernon 2004) (authorizing three Texas citizens to form a water supply corporation).

3In support ofa statement that the directors ofthe Wimberley Water Supply Corporation hold public offices,

a briefwe have received cites Attorney General Letter Opinion 92-68, which states that a director ofthe EI Paso County

Water Authority holds a public office and therefore cannot simultaneously serve on the Horizon City Town Council.

See Caldwell Brief, supra note 2, at 1-2; Tex. Att'y Gen. LO-92-68, at 1-2. Unlike the Wimberley Water Supply

Corporation, which was established in accordance with Water Code chapter 67, the EI Paso County Water Authority was

created by a special act that specifically declared it a governmental agency. See Act ofAug. 8, 1961, 57th Leg., 1st C.S.,

ch. 32, § 1, 1961 Tex. Gen. Laws 136, 136. Consequently, Letter Opinion 92-68 is inapposite here.
The Honorable Jeff Wentworth - Page 3 (GA-0597)

Although the constitutional prohibition against dual office holding and the common-law

doctrine of incompatibility do not apply, Local Government Code section 171.009 limits the

authority of a "local public official" to serve on the board of a private nonprofit corporation. TEX.

Lac. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 171.009 (Vernon 1999). A local public official for purposes ofsection

171.009 includes a member of a municipal governing body, "whether elected, appointed, paid, or

unpaid." Id. § 171.001(1). Under section 171.009, it is "lawful for a local public official to serve

as a member ofthe board ofdirectors ofprivate, nonprofit corporations when such officials receive

no compensation or other remuneration from the nonprofit corporation or other nonprofit entity."

Id. § 171.009. Thus, a member ofthe Village of Wimberley City Council may serve on the board

of directors ofthe Wimberley Water Supply Corporation only ifthe city council member receives

"no compensation or other remuneration" from the water supply corporation. See Tex. Att'y Gen.

Ope Nos. GA-0084 (2003) at 7; DM-194 (1992) at 3-4. Conversely, a member ofthe water-supplycorporation board of directors who receives "compensation or other remuneration" from the water

supply corporation may not serve on the city council.

We have not been informed as to whether the water-supply-corporation board members

receive compensation or other remuneration for their service on the board. Ifthey do, they may not

serve simultaneously on the Village ofWimberley City Council.
The Honorable Jeff Wentworth - Page 4 (GA-0597)

SUMMARY

Under Local Government Code section 171.009, the mayor of

the Village ofWimberley and a member ofthe Village ofWimberley

City Council may serve simultaneously on the Wimberley Water

Supply Corporation's board of directors only if they receive no

compensation or other remuneration from the water supply

corporation.

Very truly yours,

KENT C. SULLIVAN

First Assistant Attorney General

ANDREW WEBER

Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

NANCY S. FULLER

Chair, Opinion Committee

Kymberly K. Oltrogge

Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee