NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RUBEN ALBERTO ORELLANA

AQUINO, 

Petitioner,

 v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney

General, 

Respondent.

No. 20-71005

Agency No. A200-888-808

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted June 14, 2021** 

San Francisco, California

Before: TASHIMA and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and RAYES,*** District

Judge.

 

FILED

JUN 16 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable Douglas L. Rayes, United States District Judge for the

District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
Ruben Alberto Orellana Aquino, a native and citizen of El Salvador,

petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA)

affirming, without opinion, a decision of an Immigration Judge (IJ). The IJ denied

Aquino’s application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the

Convention Against Torture (CAT) and ordered him removed to El Salvador. 

Aquino challenges the denial of withholding of removal and CAT relief.1 We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition.

1. The IJ’s finding that the harm Aquino suffered does not rise to the

level of persecution is supported by substantial evidence. See Duran-Rodriguez v.

Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2019) (stating that “[w]e review the denial of

asylum, withholding of removal and CAT claims for substantial evidence”);

Alvarado v. Holder, 759 F.3d 1121, 1126 (9th Cir. 2014) (“Where, as here, ‘the

BIA summarily affirms the IJ’s decision, we review the IJ’s decision as the final

agency action.’” (quoting Pagayon v. Holder, 675 F.3d 1182, 1188 (9th Cir. 2011)

(per curiam))). The IJ found that it was a “close call,” but “[p]ersecution is ‘an

extreme concept that does not include every sort of treatment our society regards as

offensive.’” Duran-Rodriguez, 918 F.3d at 1028 (quoting Nagoulko v. INS, 333

1 Aquino does not challenge the IJ’s finding that he is ineligible for

asylum because his application was untimely.

2
F.3d 1012, 1016 (9th Cir. 2003)). The evidence does not compel a conclusion

contrary to the IJ’s. See id. (stating that, under the substantial evidence standard,

“we must uphold the agency determination unless the evidence compels a contrary

conclusion”).

Aquino also challenges the IJ’s reliance on the lack of evidence to

corroborate his claim that he suffered persecution and would be subject to

persecution on account of his political opinion if removed to El Salvador. “Even

when assuming credibility, the IJ or BIA may require additional, corroborating

evidence.” Jie Shi Liu v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 834, 838 (9th Cir. 2018). The IJ

specified the type of corroborating evidence she required, such as the police report

and more detailed letters from his family to establish their involvement with the

ARENA political party and Aquino’s relationship with Claudia Orellana. 

However, Aquino provided only his birth certificate and Claudia’s birth and death

certificates. “These documents did not meaningfully corroborate the key factual

contentions at issue.” Id. at 839. The evidence Aquino provided contained only

general statements and did not establish that he “‘held (or that [his] persecutors

believed that [he] held) a political opinion,’” and that his persecutors “persecuted

[him] because of [that] political opinion.” Rodriguez Tornes v. Garland, 993 F.3d

743, 752 (9th Cir. 2021) (quoting Ahmed v. Keisler, 504 F.3d 1183, 1192 (9th Cir.

3
2007)). The evidence does not compel a conclusion contrary to the IJ’s conclusion

that Aquino failed to establish that he was persecuted on account of his political

opinion. 

2. The IJ’s denial of CAT relief also is supported by substantial

evidence. Contrary to Aquino’s contention, the IJ did consider the country

conditions evidence and acknowledged that it showed “exceptional violence” in El

Salvador. Nonetheless, she found it insufficient to establish that it is more likely

than not that Aquino in particular would be tortured if returned to El Salvador. See

Flores-Vega v. Barr, 932 F.3d 878, 887 (9th Cir. 2019) (concluding that petitioner

“has not shown a greater risk to him than any other Mexican national deported

from the United States such that torture would be more likely than not in his case”

(internal quotation marks omitted)); Gonzalez-Caraveo v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 885,

894 (9th Cir. 2018) (reasoning that the IJ considered the country conditions, but

“he was just not persuaded by it”); Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1148, 1152

(9th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (where petitioners’ “generalized evidence of violence

and crime in Mexico [was] not particular” to them, they failed to establish

eligibility for CAT relief).

The petition for review is DENIED.

4