<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                               SEMCO ENERGY, INC.

                                       TO

                                    NBD BANK
                                    Trustee

                                    Indenture
               Dated as of October 23, 1998 Senior Debt Securities

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<PAGE>

                            TABLE OF CONTENTS*

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                         PAGE
                                                                                         ----
<S>                                                                                      <C>
ARTICLE ONE.........................................................................       1

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION.............................       1

  SECTION 101. DEFINITIONS..........................................................       1
  SECTION 102. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE AND OPINIONS..................................      11
  SECTION 103. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE...............................      11
  SECTION 104. ACTS OF HOLDERS......................................................      11
  SECTION 105. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY................................      13
  SECTION 106. NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER............................................      14
  SECTION 107. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................      15
  SECTION 108. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS...............................................      15
  SECTION 109. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE..................................................      15
  SECTION 110. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE................................................      15
  SECTION 111. GOVERNING LAW........................................................      15
  SECTION 112. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.......................................................      15
  SECTION 113. NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS...........................................      15

ARTICLE TWO SECURITIES FORMS........................................................      16

  SECTION 201. FORMS OF SECURITIES..................................................      16
  SECTION 202. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION......................      16
  SECTION 203. SECURITIES ISSUABLE IN GLOBAL FORM...................................      16

ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES........................................................      17

  SECTION 301. AMOUNT UNLIMITED: ISSUABLE IN SERIES.................................      17
  SECTION 302. DENOMINATIONS........................................................      20
  SECTION 303. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.......................      20
  SECTION 304. TEMPORARY SECURITIES.................................................      22
  SECTION 305. REGISTRATION, REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE..................      25
  SECTION 306. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.....................      28
  SECTION 307. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.......................      29
  SECTION 308. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS................................................      31
  SECTION 309. CANCELLATION.........................................................      32
  SECTION 310. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST..............................................      32

ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.............................................      32

  SECTION 401. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE..............................      32
  SECTION 402. APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS...........................................      34

ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES...............................................................      35

  SECTION 501. EVENTS OF DEFAULT....................................................      35
  SECTION 502. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT...................      35
  SECTION 503. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE......      36
  SECTION 504. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.....................................      37
  SECTION 505. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES
               OR COUPONS...........................................................      38
  SECTION 506. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.......................................      38
  SECTION 507. LIMITATION ON SUITS..................................................      39
  SECTION 508. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHTS OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM,
               IF ANY, INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL INTEREST.............................      39
  SECTION 509. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES...................................      39
</TABLE>

----------
* This Table of Contents does not constitute part of the Indenture or have any
bearing upon the interpretation of any of its terms and provision.

                                       i

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                       <C>
  SECTION 510. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE...................................          40
  SECTION 511. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.....................................          40
  SECTION 512. CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.................................          40
  SECTION 513. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS..........................................          40
  SECTION 514. WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS..........................          41
  SECTION 515. UNDERTAKINGS FOR COSTS...........................................          41

ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEE.........................................................          41

  SECTION 601. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS...............................................          41
  SECTION 602. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE........................................          42
  SECTION 603. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES...........          43
  SECTION 604. MAY HOLD SECURITIES..............................................          43
  SECTION 605. MONEY HELD IN TRUST..............................................          43
  SECTION 606. COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT...................................          43
  SECTION 607. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY; CONFLICTING INTERESTS...          44
  SECTION 608. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR................          44
  SECTION 609. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR...........................          46
  SECTION 610. MERGER, CONVERSION. CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS......          47
  SECTION 611. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY................          47
  SECTION 612. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT..............................          48

ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS' LIST AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY..................          49

  SECTION 701. DISCLOSURE OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.....................          49
  SECTION 702. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE...............................................          49
  SECTION 703. REPORTS BY COMPANY...............................................          49
  SECTION 704. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESS OF HOLDERS..........          50

ARTICLE EIGHT CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE..................          51

  SECTION 801. CONSOLIDATIONS AND MERGERS OF COMPANY AND SALES, LEASES, AND
               CONVEYANCES PERMITTED SUBJECT TO CERTAIN CONDITIONS..............          51
  SECTION 802. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUCCESSOR CORPORATION.......................          51
  SECTION 803. OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE AND OPINIONS OF COUNSEL....................          50

ARTICLE NINE SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES............................................          52

  SECTION 901. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS...............          52
  SECTION 902. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS..................          53
  SECTION 903. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.............................          54
  SECTION 904. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES................................          54
  SECTION 905. CONFORMITY WITH TIA..............................................          54
  SECTION 906. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES...............          54

ARTICLE TEN COVENANTS...........................................................          55

  SECTION 1001. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM, IF ANY, INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL
                AMOUNTS.........................................................          55
  SECTION 1002. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.................................          55
  SECTION 1003. MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST...............          56
  SECTION 1004. EXISTENCE.......................................................          58
  SECTION 1005. MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES.......................................          58
  SECTION 1006. INSURANCE.......................................................          58
  SECTION 1007. PAYMENT OF TAXES AND OTHER CLAIMS...............................          58
  SECTION 1008. PROVISION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION..............................          58
  SECTION 1009. STATEMENT AS TO COMPLIANCE......................................          59
  SECTION 1010. ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS..............................................          59
  SECTION 1011. LIMITATIONS ON LIENS............................................          60
  SECTION 1012. LIMITATIONS ON SALE AND LEASE-BACK TRANSACTIONS.................          62
  SECTION 1013. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.....................................          62
</TABLE>

                                   ii

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                                                                                       <C>
ARTICLE ELEVEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES.........................................          64

  SECTION 1101. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE........................................          64
  SECTION 1102. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE...........................          64
  SECTION 1103  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED...............          64
  SECTION 1104. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION............................................          64
  SECTION 1105. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.....................................          66
  SECTION 1106. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE...........................          66
  SECTION 1107. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.....................................          67

ARTICLE TWELVE SINKING FUNDS....................................................          67

  SECTION 1201. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE........................................          67
  SECTION 1202. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES...........          67
  SECTION 1203. REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUNDS......................          68

ARTICLE THIRTEEN REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS.............................          68

  SECTION 1301. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE........................................          68
  SECTION 1302. REPAYMENT OF SECURITIES.........................................          68
  SECTION 1303. EXERCISE OF OPTION..............................................          68
  SECTION 1304. WHEN SECURITIES PRESENTED FOR REPAYMENT BECOME DUE AND
                PAYABLE.........................................................          69
  SECTION 1305. SECURITIES REPAID IN PART.......................................          70

ARTICLE FOURTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE.............................          70

  SECTION 1401. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE; COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT
                DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE...............................          70
  SECTION 1402. DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE........................................          70
  SECTION 1403. COVENANT DEFEASANCE.............................................          71
  SECTION 1404. CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.................          71
  SECTION 1405. DEPOSITED MONEY AND GOVERNMENT OBLIGATION TO BE HELD IN TRUST;
                OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS..................................          73

ARTICLE FIFTEEN MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES...............................          74

  SECTION 1501. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.......................          74
  SECTION 1502. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS..............................          74
  SECTION 1503. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETING.............................          74
  SECTION 1504. QUORUM; ACTION..................................................          74
  SECTION 1505. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND ADJOURNMENT
                OF MEETINGS.....................................................          76
  SECTION 1506. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.................          76
</TABLE>

           EXHIBITS:

            EXHIBIT A-I     FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY PERSON ENTITLED
                            TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST
                            PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

            EXHIBIT A-2     FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EUROCLEAR AND
                            CEDEL S.A. IN  CONNECTION  WITH THE  EXCHANGE OF A
                            PORTION OF A  TEMPORARY  GLOBAL  SECURITY OR TO
                            OBTAIN INTEREST PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                       iii

<PAGE>

                               SEMCO ENERGY, INC.

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the "1939 Act") and
Indenture, dated as of October 1, 1998.

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Trust Indenture Act Section               Indenture Section
<S>                                       <C>
(S)   310(8)(1)...............                       607
      (a)(2)..................                       607
      (a)(3)..................            Not Applicable
      (a)(4)..................            Not Applicable
      (b).....................               604,607,608

(S)   311(a)..................                       611
      311(b)(4)...............                       611
      (b)(6)..................                       611

(S)   312(a)..................                       704
      (b).....................                       701
      (c).....................                       702

(S)   313(a)..................                       702
      313(b)..................                       703
      313(c)..................                   702,703
      (d).....................                       703

(S)   314(a)..................                  703,1009
      (a)(4)..................                      1009
      (b).....................            Not Applicable
      (c)(1)..................                       102

      (c)(2)..................                       102
      (c)(3)..................            Not Applicable
      (d).....................            Not Applicable
      (e).....................                       102

(S)   315(a)..................                       602
      (b)60...................                       601
      (c).....................                       602
      (d).....................                       602
      (d)(1)..................                       602

      (d)(2)..................                       602
      (d)(3)..................                       602
      (e).....................                   515,608

(S)   316(a)..................                       101
      (a)(1)(A)...............                   502,512

      (a)(1)(B)...............                       513
      (a)(2)..................            Not Applicable
      (b).....................                       508

(S)   317(a)(1)...............                       503
      (a)(2)..................                       504
      (b).....................                      1003

(S)   318(a)..................                       111
      (c).....................                       111
</TABLE>

-----------
NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any juries, be deemed to be a
part of the Indenture.

Attention should also be directed to Section 318(c) of the 1939 Act, which
provides that the provisions of Sections 310 to and including 317 of the 1939
Act are a part of and govern every qualified indenture, whether or not
physically contained therein.

                                       iv

<PAGE>

      INDENTURE, dated as of October 23, 1998, between SEMCO ENERGY, INC., a
corporation organized under the laws of Michigan (hereinafter called the
"Company"), having its principal office at 405 Water Street, Port Huron,
Michigan 48060 and NBD BANK, a Michigan banking corporation, as Trustee
hereunder (hereinafter called the "Trustee"), having its Corporate Trust Office
at 611 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48226.

                              RECITALS OF THE TRUST

      The Company deems it necessary to issue from time to time for its lawful
purposes senior debt securities (hereinafter called the "Securities") evidencing
its unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, and has duly authorized the
execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time
to time of the Securities, unlimited as to principal amount, to bear interest at
the rates or formulas, to mature at such times and to have such other provisions
as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.

      This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, as amended ("TIA"), that are deemed to be incorporated into this Indenture
and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

      All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                   NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

      For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the holders thereof ("Holders"), it is mutually covenanted and
agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the
Securities, as follows:

                                   ARTICLE ONE

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

   SECTION 101. Definitions. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

      (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them
in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular;

      (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the TIA, either
directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

      (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have meanings
assigned to them in accordance with GAAP; and

<PAGE>

      (4) the words "herein", "hereof and "hereunder" and other words of similar
import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision.

      Certain terms used principally in Article Three, Article Five, Article Six
and Article Ten, are defined in those Articles. In addition, the following terms
shall have the indicated respective meanings:

      "Acquired Debt" means Debt of a Person (i) existing at the time such
Person becomes a Subsidiary or (ii) assumed in connection with the acquisition
of assets from such Person, in each case other than Debt incurred in connection
with, or in contemplation of, such Person becoming a Subsidiary or such
acquisition. Acquired Debt shall be deemed to be incurred on the date of the
related acquisition of assets from any Person or the date the acquired Person
becomes a Subsidiary.

      "Act", when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in
Section 104.

      "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required by a
Security or by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, under circumstances specified
therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on
certain Holders and which are owing to such Holders.

      "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

      "Annual Service Charge" as of any date means the maximum amount which is
payable in any period for interest on, and original issue discount of, Debt of
the Company and its Subsidiaries.

      "Attributable Debt" means, in respect of a Sale and Lease-Back
Transaction, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at
the rate borne by the applicable series of Securities) of the total obligations
of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease
included in such Sale and Lease-Back Transaction (including any period for which
such lease has been extended).

      "Authenticating Agent" means any authenticating agent appointed by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 612.

      "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, printed in the English language
or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published
on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or
holidays, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the
term is used or in the financial community of each such place.

                                       -2-

<PAGE>

Whenever successive publications are required to be made in Authorized
Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different
Authorized Newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in
each case on any Business Day.

      "Bankruptcy Law" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

      "Bearer Security" means any Security established pursuant to Section 201
which is payable to bearer.

      "Board of Directors" means the board of Directors of the Company, the
executive committee or any committee of that board duly authorized to act
hereunder.

      "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Business Day", when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any
other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities,
means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 301, any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal
holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or
particular location are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive
order to close.

      "Capital Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any capital stock
(including preferred stock), shares, interests, participations or other
ownership interests (however designated) of such Person and any rights (other
than debt securities convertible or exchangeable for corporate stock), warrants
or options to purchase any thereof.

      "CEDEL" means Central de Livraison de Valeurs Mobilieres, S.A., or its
successor.

      "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to
time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or, if at
any time after execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties on such date.

      "Common Shares" means, with respect to any Person, capital stock issued by
such Person other than Preferred Shares.

      "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph
of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean
such successor Person.

      "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a written
request or order signed in the name of the Company by the President and CEO of
the Company or any other officer of the Company authorized by the Board of
Directors of the Company by or pursuant to a resolution of the Board of
Directors, and delivered to the Trustee.

                                       -3-

<PAGE>

      "Consolidated Net Tangible Assets" shall mean the total of all assets
(including revaluations thereof as a result of commercial appraisals, price
level restatement or otherwise) appearing on a consolidated balance sheet of the
Company, net of applicable reserves and deductions, but excluding goodwill,
trade names, trademarks, patents, unamortized debt discount and all other like
intangible assets (which term shall not be construed to include such
revaluations), less the aggregate of the consolidated current liabilities of the
Company appearing on such balance sheet.

      "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at which, at any
particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered,
which office at the date hereof is located at 611 Woodward Avenue, Detroit
Michigan 48226.

      "Corporation" includes corporations, associations, partnerships, companies
and business trusts.

      "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

      "Custodian" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

      "Debt" of the Company or a Subsidiary means any indebtedness of the Trust
or a Subsidiary, whether or not contingent, in respect of (without duplication)
(i) borrowed money evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments,
(ii) indebtedness secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge, encumbrance or
any security interest existing on property owned by the Company or any
Subsidiary, (iii) the reimbursement obligations, contingent or otherwise, in
connection with any letters of credit actually issued or amounts representing
the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property or
services, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade
payable, or all conditional sale obligations or obligations under any title
retention agreement, (iv) the principal amount of all obligations of the Company
or any Subsidiary with respect to redemption, repayment or other repurchase of
any disqualified stock or (v) any lease of property by the Company or any
Subsidiary as lessee which is reflected on the Company's consolidated balance
sheet as a capitalized lease in accordance with GAAP to the extent, in the case
of items of indebtedness under (i) through (iii) above, that any such items
(other than letters of credit) would appear as a liability on the Company's
consolidated balance sheet in accordance with GAAP, and also includes, to the
extent not otherwise included, any obligation by the Company or any Subsidiary
to be liable for, or to pay, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise (other than for
purposes of collection in the ordinary course of business), Debt of another
Person (other than the Company or any Subsidiary).

      "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

      "Dollar" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time shall be legal tender
for the payment of public and private debts.

                                       -4-

<PAGE>

      "DTC" means The Depository Trust Company.

      "Encumbrance" means any mortgage, security interest, pledge,
hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien (statutory or
other) or preference, priority or other security agreement except:

            (a) liens for taxes and other governmental assessments, including
utility charges and vault rentals, (i) which are not yet delinquent, (ii) which
are not in an aggregate amount, as to the Company and its Subsidiaries, greater
than 10% of Total Assets or (iii) which are being contested in good faith by all
appropriate proceedings, provided that adequate reserves with respect thereto
are maintained on the books of the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may
be, in conformity with GAAP;

            (b) carriers, warehousemen's, mechanic's, materialmen's,
repairmen's, brokers' or other like liens (i) which are not in an aggregate
amount, as to the Company and its Subsidiaries, greater than 10% of Total
Assets, (ii) which do not remain unsatisfied or undischarged for a period of
more than 90 days or (iii) which are being contested in good faith by all
appropriate proceedings;

            (c) pledges or deposits in connection with workers compensation,
unemployment insurance and other social security legislation and deposits
securing liability to insurance carriers under insurance or self-insurance
arrangements;

            (d) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts
(other than for borrowed money), leases, statutory obligations, surety and
appeal bonds performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred
in the ordinary course of business; and

            (e) easements, rights of way, restrictions, development orders,
plats and other similar encumbrances.

      "Euroclear" means Morgan Guaranty Trust of New York, Brussels Office, or
its successor as operator of the Euroclear System.

      "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Article Five.

      "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Commission.

      "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles, as in effect from
time to time, as used in the United States applied on a consistent basis.

      "Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct obligations
of the United States of America, for the payment of which its full faith and
credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by
and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith

                                       -5-

<PAGE>

and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, are not callable
or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a
depository receipt issued by a bank or trust as custodian with respect to any
such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of
any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the
holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such
custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the
holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in
respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or
principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

      "Holder" means, in the case of a Registered Security, the Person in whose
name a Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case of a
Bearer Security, the bearer thereof and, when used with respect to any coupon,
shall mean the bearer thereof.

      "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from
time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, and shall
include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated
by Section 301; provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is
acting as Trustee under this instrument, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect to
any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this
instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented
or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant
to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of the
particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as
contemplated by Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms
which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not
Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive
of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures
supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such
Trustee but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party.

      "Interest", when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security
which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, shall mean interest
payable after Maturity, and, when used with respect to a Security which
provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 1010,
includes such Additional Amounts.

      "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any Security, means the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

      "Lien" means any mortgage, lien, pledge, security interest or other
encumbrance; provided, however, that the term "Lien" shall not mean any
easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances and
encumbrances consisting of zoning restrictions, leases, subleases, licenses,
sublicenses, restrictions on the use of property or defects in title thereto.

      "Maturity", when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or

                                       -6-

<PAGE>

herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of
acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or
otherwise.

      "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by an executive officer
of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for the Company or who may be an employee of or other counsel for the
Company and who shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee.

      "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

      "Outstanding", when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date
of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture, except:

            (i) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation;

            (ii) Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or
redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder money in the necessary
amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent
(other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the
Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of
such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, provided that, if such
Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given
pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has
been made;

            (iii) Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 1402 and
1403 with respect to which the Trust has effected defeasance and/or covenant
defeasance as provided in Article Fourteen; and

            (iv) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect
of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it
that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such
Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at
a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, and for the purpose of making the
calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an
Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such
determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such
purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or
shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at

                                      -7-

<PAGE>

the time of such determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the
maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 and (ii) Securities owned by the
Company or another obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company
or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding,
except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making
such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee knows to
be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged
in good faith may be regarded as outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the
satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such
Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or an Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

      "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities or coupons on
behalf of the Company.

      "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

      "Place of Payment", when used with respect to the Securities of or within
any series, means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if
any) and interest on such Securities are payable as specified as contemplated by
Sections 301 and 1002.

      "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or a Security to which a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or
the Security to which the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon
appertains.

      "Preferred Shares" means, with respect to any Person, capital shares
issued by such Person that are entitled to a preference or priority over any
other capital shares issued by such Person upon any distribution of such
Person's assets, whether by dividend or upon liquidation.

      "Redemption Date", when used with respect to any security to be redeemed,
in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to
this Indenture.

      "Redemption Price", when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Registered Security" shall mean any Security which is registered in the
Security Register.

                                       -8-

<PAGE>

      "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Registered Securities of or within any series means the date
specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301, whether or not a
Business Day.

      "Repayment Date" means, when used with respect to any Security to be
repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment by or
pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Repayment Price" means, when used with respect to any Security to be
repaid at the option of the Holder, the price at which it is to be repaid by or
pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Responsible Officer", when used with respect to the Trustee, means the
chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, the chairman or
vice-chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors, the
president, any vice president (whether or not designated by a number or a word
or words added before or after the title "vice president"), the secretary, any
assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant treasurer, any corporate trust
officer, the controller or any other officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated
officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter,
any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of such officer's
knowledge and familiarity with the particular subject.

      "Sale and Lease-Back Transaction" has the meaning specified in Section
1012.

      "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Commission.

      "Security" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture
and, more particularly, means any Security or Securities authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that, if at any time there is
more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, "Securities" with
respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee shall have the
meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall more
particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture,
exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not
Trustee.

      "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 305.

      "Significant Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary which is a "significant
subsidiary" (as defined in Article I, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated
under the Securities Act of 1933) of the Trust.

      "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Registered Securities of or within any series means a date fixed by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 307.

      "Stated Maturity", when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security or a coupon representing

                                       -9-

<PAGE>

such installment of interest as the fixed date on which the principal of such
Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

      "Subsidiary" means a corporation a majority of the partnership interests
or a majority of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or
indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries of the Company.
For the purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means stock having voting
power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no
senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

      "Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended and as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed,
except as provided in Section 905.

      "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph
of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become so pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or
include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if
at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect
to the Securities of any series shall mean only the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series.

      "United States" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any
Securities pursuant to Section 301, the United States of America (including the
states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other
areas subject to its jurisdiction.

      "United States Person" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to
any Securities pursuant to Section 301, an individual who is a citizen or
resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other entity
created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or an estate or
trust the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation
regardless of its source.

      "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity, computed at the time of
issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of
interest on such Security) and as set forth in such Security in accordance with
generally accepted United States bond yield computation principles.

      SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application or
request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of
this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions
precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such
application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is
specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such
particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be
furnished.

                                      -10-

<PAGE>

      Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant provided for in this Indenture (including certificates delivered
pursuant to Section 1009) shall include:

            (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions herein relating
thereto;

            (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;

            (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has
made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant has been
complied with; and

            (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several
matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any
specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or
covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or
covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion
as to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and
any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or
several documents.

      Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, or a
certificate or representations by counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the
exercise of reasonable care should know, that the opinion, certificate or
representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or
opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel or certificate or
representations may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the
Company stating that the information as to such factual matters is in the
possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows that the certificate or
opinion or representations as to such matters are erroneous.

      Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104. Acts of Holders.

      (a) Any request, demand, authorization direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of
the Outstanding Securities of all series or one or more series, as the case may
be, may be embodied in and evidenced by one

                                      -11-

<PAGE>

 or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in
 person or by agents ,duly appointed in writing. If Securities of a series are
 issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction,
 notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given
 or taken by Holders of Securities of such series may, alternatively, be
 embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series
 voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in
 writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and
 held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fifteen, or a combination of
 such instruments and such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly
 provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or
 instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is
 hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and
 any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are
 herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such
 instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution
 of such an instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the
 holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of
 this Indenture. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be
 proved in the manner provided in Section 1506.

      (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such
execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by
law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing
such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or
writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved
in an other reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

      (c) The ownership of Registered Securities shall be proved by the Security
Register.

      (d) The ownership of Bearer Securities may be proved by the production of
such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust
company, bank, banker or other depositary, wherever situated, if such
certificate shall be deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at
the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or
exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be
proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer
Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be
satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of any
Bearer Security continues until (1) another certificate or affidavit bearing a
later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (2)
such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or such
Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (3)
such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The ownership of Bearer
Securities may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems
sufficient.

      (e) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of Registered Securities
any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
Act, the Company

                                      -12-

<PAGE>

may, at its option, in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a
record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the
Company shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding TIA Section 316(c),
such record date shall be the record date specified in or pursuant to such Board
Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier than the date 30 days prior to the
first solicitation of Holders generally in connection therewith and not later
than the date such solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed,
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of
record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be
Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite
proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of
such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by
the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become
effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven
months after the record date.

      In the absence of any such record date fixed by the Company, regardless as
to whether a solicitation of the Holders is occurring on behalf of the Company
or any Holder, the Trustee may, at its option, fix in advance a record date for
the determination of such Holders entitled to receive such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Trustee
shall have no obligation to do so. Any such record date shall be a date not more
than 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders generally in connection
therewith no later than the date of such solicitation.

      (f) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security
Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent or the Company in reliance
thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

SECTION 105. Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other
document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or
furnished to, or filed with,

      (1) the Trustee by a Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for
   every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or
   with the Trustee, at the Corporate Trust Office; Attention: Corporate Trust
   Administration.

      (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for
   every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
   writing and mailed, first class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to
   it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of
   this Indenture or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the
   Trustee by the Company.

                                      -13-

<PAGE>

SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice
of any event to Holders of Registered Securities by the Company or the Trustee,
such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed first-class postage prepaid, to each such
Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security
Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest
date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to
Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail
such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder
shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of
Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer
Securities given as provided herein. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner
herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such
Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such notice.

      If by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail
service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such
notice by mail, then such notification to Holders of Registered securities as
shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient
notification to such Holders for every purpose hereunder.

      Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise specified with
respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, where this Indenture provides
for notice to Holders of Bearer Securities of any event, such notice shall be
sufficiently given if published in an Authorized Newspaper in New York City and
in such other city or cities as may be specified in such Securities on a
Business Day, such publication to be not later than the latest date, and not
earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. Any
such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the date of such publication
or, if published more than once, on the date of the first such publication.

      If by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized Newspaper
or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it shall be
impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided
above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall be given
with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such
Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither the failure to give notice by
publication to any particular Holder of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor
any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of such
notice with respect to other Holders of Bearer Securities or the sufficiency of
any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver
required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language,
except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country
of publication.

      Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be
waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before
or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice.
Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity
of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 107. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section
headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not
affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 108. Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this
Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so
expressed or not.

SECTION 109. Separability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in
any Security or coupon shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 110. Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the
Securities or coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than
the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating
Agent and their successors hereunder and the Holders any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 111. Governing Law. This Indenture and the Securities and coupons shall
be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New
York. This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required
to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by
such provisions.

SECTION 112. Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date,
Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security or
coupon other than a provision in the Securities of any series which specifically
states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof), payment of interest or
any Additional Amounts or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made at
such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made
on the Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date or sinking fund
payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity, provided that no interest
shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after such
Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, Repayment Date, sinking fund payment
date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

SECTION 113. No Recourse Against Others. An incorporator or any past, present or
future director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall
not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities
or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such
obligations or their creation. By accepting a Security, each Holder shall waive
and release all such liability. Such waiver and release shall be part of the
consideration for the issue of the Securities.

                                      -15-
<PAGE>
                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                SECURITIES FORMS

SECTION 201. Forms of Securities. The Registered Securities, if any, of each
series and the Bearer Securities, if any, of each series and related coupons
shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto or approved from time to time by or pursuant to a
Board Resolution in accordance with Section 301, shall have such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such
legends or endorsements placed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and
as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be
required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant
thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the
Securities may be listed, or to conform to usage.

      Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, Bearer
Securities shall have interest coupons attached.

      The definitive Securities and coupons shall be printed, lithographed or
engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved
border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as
determined by the officers executing such securities or coupons, as evidenced by
their execution of such Securities or coupons.

SECTION 202. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. Subject to Section
612, the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                    NBD BANK
                                   as Trustee

                                                   By __________________________
                                                      Authorized Signatory

SECTION 203. Securities Issuable in Global Form. If Securities of or within a
series are issuable in global form, as specified as contemplated by Section 301,
then, notwithstanding clause (8) of Section 301 and the provisions of Section
302, any such Security shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of
such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall
represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series from
time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series represented thereby may from time to time be increased
or decreased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form
to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner and
upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein
or in the Company Order to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 303
or 304. Subject to the

                                      -16-
<PAGE>

Provision of Section 303 and, if applicable, Section 304, the Trustee shall
deliver and redeliver any security in permanent global form in the manner and
upon instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the
applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or 304 has
been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with
respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form
shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 102 and need not be
accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

      The provisions of the last sentence of Section 303 shall apply to any
security represented by a Security in global form if such Security was never
issued and sold by the Company and the Company delivers to the Trustee the
Security in global form together with written instructions (which need not
comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel)
with regard to the reduction in the principal amount of Securities represented
thereby together with the written statement contemplated by the last sentence of
Section 303.

      Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 307, unless otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of and any premium and
interest on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Person or
Persons specified therein.

      Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 308 and except as provided in
the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company
and the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of
Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security (i) in the
case of a permanent global Security in registered form, the Holder of such
permanent global Security in registered form, or (ii) in the case of a permanent
global Security in bearer form, Euroclear or CEDEL.

                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal
amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture is unlimited.

      The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in one or more Board Resolutions or pursuant to authority granted by
one or more Board Resolutions and, subject to Section 303, set forth, or
determined in the manner provided, in an Officer's Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of
Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of
which (except for the matters set forth in clauses (1), (2) and (13) below), if
so provided, may be determined from time to time by the Company with respect to
unissued Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

            (1) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
      distinguish the Securities of such series from all other series of
      Securities);

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

            (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
      of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
      (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of,
      transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
      series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906, 1107 or 1305);

            (3) the date or dates, or the method by which such date or dates
      will be determined, on which the principal of the Securities of the series
      shall be payable;

            (4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall
      bear interest if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be
      determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue or the
      method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest
      Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable and the Regular
      Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any Registered Security
      on an Interest Payment Date, or the method by which such date shall be
      determined, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other
      than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

            (5) the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to the
      Borough of Manhattan, New York City, where the principal of (and premium,
      if any), interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if any, payable in
      respect of, Securities of the series shall be payable, any Registered
      Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of, transfer
      or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of
      the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served;

            (6) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
      which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series
      may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the
      Company is to have the option;

            (7) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or
      purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or
      analogous provision or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the period
      or periods within which or the date or dates on which, the price or prices
      at which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the
      series shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part,
      pursuant to such obligation;

            (8) if other than denominations of $1,000 and an integral multiple
      thereof, the denominations in which any Registered Securities of the
      series shall be issuable and, other than the denomination of $5,000, the
      denomination or denominations in which any Bearer Securities of the series
      shall be issuable;

            (9) if other than the Trustee, the identity of each Security
      Registrar and/or Paying Agent;

            (10) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
      principal amount or Securities of the series that shall be payable upon
      declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
      502;

                                           -18-
<PAGE>

            (11) whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if
      any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of the series may be
      determined with reference to an index, formula or other method, and the
      manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

            (12) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of
      Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be
      specified;

            (13) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events
      of Default or covenants of the Trust with respect to Securities of the
      series, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent
      with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;

            (14) whether Securities of the series are to be issuable as
      Registered Securities, Bearer Securities (with or without coupons) or
      both, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of Bearer
      Securities and the terms upon which Bearer Securities of the series may be
      exchanged for Registered Securities of the series and vice versa (if
      permitted by applicable laws and regulations), whether any Securities of
      the series are to be issuable initially in temporary global form and
      whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent
      global form with or without coupons and, if so, whether beneficial owners
      of interests in any such permanent global Security may exchange such
      interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any
      authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any
      such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section
      305, and, if Registered Securities of the series are to be issuable as a
      global Security, the identity of the depositary for such series;

            (15) the date as of which any Bearer Securities of the series and
      any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities of the
      series shall be dated if other than the date of original issuance of the
      first Security of the series to be issued;

            (16) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered Security of
      the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that
      Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
      close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, the manner
      in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on any Bearer Security of
      the series shall be payable, if otherwise than on presentation and
      surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as they severally mature,
      and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a
      temporary global Security on an Interest Payment Date will be paid if
      other than in the manner provided in Section 304;

            (17) the applicability, if any, of Sections 1402 and/or 1403 to the
      Securities of the series and any provisions in modification of, in
      addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Article Fourteen;

            (18) if the Securities of such series are to be issuable in
      definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a
      temporary Security of such series) only

                                      -19-
<PAGE>

      upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of
      other conditions, then the form and/or terms of such certificates,
      documents or conditions;

            (19) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay
      Additional Amounts as contemplated by Section 1010 on the Securities of
      the series to any Holder who is not a United States person (including any
      modification to the definition of such term) in respect of any tax,
      assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Company will
      have the option to redeem such Securities rather than pay such Additional
      Amounts (and the terms of any such option); and

            (20) any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
      inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture).

      All Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining to any
Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except, in the
case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may otherwise be
provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to Section 303) and
set forth in such Officer's Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental
hereto. All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time
and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of
the Holders, for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

      If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by
action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, a copy of an appropriate
record of such action(s) shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the
delivery of the Officer's Certificate setting forth the terms of the Securities
of such series.

SECTION 302. Denominations. The Securities of each series shall be issuable in
such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 301. In the
absence of any such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the
Registered Securities of such series, other than Registered Securities issued in
global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Bearer
Securities of such series, other than Bearer Securities issued in global form
(which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in a denomination of
$5,000.

SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. The Securities and
any coupons appertaining thereto shall be executed on behalf of the Company by
an executive officer of the Company and attested by its Secretary or one of its
Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these individuals on the
Securities and coupons may be Manual or facsimile signatures of the present or
any future such authorized officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced
on the Securities.

      Securities or coupons bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of
individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind
the Company, notwithstanding that

                                      -20-
<PAGE>

such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the
authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at
the date of such Securities or coupons.

      At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series, together with any
coupon appertaining thereto, executed by the Company to the Trustee for
authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and
delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company
Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that,
in connection with its original issuance, no Bearer Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States; and provided further
that, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, a Bearer Security may be delivered in connection with
its original issuance only if the Person entitled to receive such Bearer
Security shall have furnished a certificate to Euroclear or Cedel, as the case
may be, in the form set forth in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture or such other
certificate as may be specified with respect to any series of Securities
pursuant to Section 301, dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the earlier of
the date on which such Bearer Security is delivered and the date on which any
temporary Security first becomes exchangeable for such Bearer Security in
accordance with the terms of such temporary Security and this Indenture. If any
Security shall be represented by a permanent global Bearer Security, then, for
purposes of this Section and Section 304, the notation of a beneficial owner's
interest therein upon original issuance of such Security or upon exchange of a
portion of a temporary global Security shall be deemed to be delivery in
connection with its original issuance of such beneficial owner's interest in
such permanent global Security. Except as permitted by Section 306, the Trustee
shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all appurtenant
coupons for interest then matured have been detached and canceled.

      If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time and
if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such series shall
so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable to the Trustee
for the issuance of such Securities and determining the terms of particular
Securities of such series, such as interest rate or formula, maturity date, date
of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue. In authenticating such
Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture
in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and
(subject to TIA Section 315(a) through 315(d)) shall be fully protected in
relying upon,

      (i) an Opinion of Counsel stating that

            (a) the form or forms of such Securities and any coupons have been
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

            (b) the terms of such Securities and any coupons have been
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and

            (c) such Securities, together with any coupons appertaining thereto,
when completed by appropriate insertions and executed and delivered by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication in accordance with this Indenture,
authenticated and delivered by the Trustee

                                      -21-
<PAGE>

in accordance with this Indenture and issued by the Company in the manner and
subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute
legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance
with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization
and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the
enforcement of creditors' rights generally and to general equitable principles;
and

      (ii) an Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions precedent
provided for in this Indenture relating to the issuance of the Securities have
been complied with and that, to the best of the knowledge of the signers of such
certificate, no Event of Default with respect to any of the Securities shall
have occurred and be continuing.

      If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties,
obligations or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise
in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

      Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time,
it shall not be necessary to deliver an Officer's Certificate otherwise required
pursuant to Section 301 or a Company Order, or an Opinion of Counsel or an
Officer's Certificate otherwise required pursuant to the preceding paragraph at
the time of issuance of each Security of such series, but such order, opinion
and certificates, with appropriate modifications to cover such future issuances,
shall be delivered at or before the time of issuance of the first Security of
such series.

      Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication and
each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified as contemplated by
Section 301.

      No Security or coupon shall be entitled to any benefit under this
Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such
Security or Security to which such coupon appertains a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form provided for herein duly executed by
the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized signator and such certificate
upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such
Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security
shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold
by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section 309 together with a written statement (which
need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of
Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the
Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never
to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.

      (a) Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, temporary

                                      -22-

<PAGE>

Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or
otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor
of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered
form, or, if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without
coupons, and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and
other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as
conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. In the case of
Securities of any series, such temporary Securities may be in global form.

      Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form (which shall be
exchanged in accordance with Section 304(b) or as otherwise provided in or
pursuant to a Board Resolution), if temporary Securities of any series are
issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be
prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive
Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be
exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the
temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a
Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender
for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series
(accompanied by any non-matured coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized
denominations; provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be
delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and provided further
that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary
Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 303.
Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects
be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series.

      (b) Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, this
Section 304(b) shall govern the exchange of temporary Securities issued in
global form other than through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company.
If any such temporary Security is issued in global form, then such temporary
global Security shall, unless otherwise provided therein, be delivered to the
London office of a depositary or common depositary (the "Common Depositary"),
for the benefit of Euroclear and CEDEL, for credit to the respective accounts of
the beneficial owners of such Securities (or to such other accounts as they may
direct).

      Without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the date
specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary global
Security (the "Exchange Date"), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee
definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such temporary global Security, executed by the Company. On or after
the Exchange Date, such temporary global Security shall be surrendered by the
Common Depositary to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be
exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities
without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for
each portion of such temporary global Security, an equal aggregate principal
amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations
and of like tenor as the portion of such temporary global Security to be
exchanged. The definitive Securities to be delivered in exchange for any such
temporary global Security shall be in bearer form, registered form, permanent
global bearer form or permanent

                                      -23-
<PAGE>

global registered form, or any combination thereof, as specified as and
contemplated by Section 301, and, if any combination thereof is so specified, as
requested by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that, unless
otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, upon such presentation by
the Common Depositary, such temporary global Security is to be accompanied by a
certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and signed by Euroclear
as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its account then to
be exchanged and a certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and
signed by CEDEL as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its
account then to be exchanged, each in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this
Indenture or in such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301;
and provided further that definitive Bearer Securities shall be delivered in
exchange for a portion of a temporary global Security only in compliance with
the requirements of Section 303.

      Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, the interest
of a beneficial owner of Securities of a series in a temporary global Security
shall be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series and of like
tenor following the Exchange Date when the account holder instructs Euroclear or
CEDEL, as the case may be, to request such exchange on his behalf and delivers
to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate in the form set forth
in Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be established
pursuant to Section 301), dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the Exchange
Date, copies of which certificate shall be available from the offices of
Euroclear and CEDEL, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent appointed for such
series of Securities and each Paying Agent. Unless otherwise specified in such
temporary global Security, any such exchange shall be made free of charge to the
beneficial owners of such temporary global Security, except that a Person
receiving definitive Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage,
transportation and the like unless such Person takes delivery of such definitive
Securities in person at the offices of Euroclear or CEDEL. Definitive Securities
in bearer form to be delivered in exchange for any portion of a temporary global
Security shall be delivered only outside the United States.

      Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary Securities
of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor
authenticated and delivered hereunder, except that, unless otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, interest payable on a temporary global Security
on an Interest Payment Date for Securities of such series occurring prior to the
applicable Exchange Date shall be payable to Euroclear and CEDEL on such
Interest Payment Date upon delivery by Euroclear and CEDEL to the Trustee of a
certificate or certificates in the form set forth in Exhibit A-2 to this
Indenture (or in such other forms as may be established pursuant to Section
301), for credit without further interest on or after such Interest Payment Date
to the respective accounts of Persons who are the beneficial owners of such
temporary global Security on such Interest Payment Date and who have each
delivered to Euroclear or CEDEL, as the case may be, a certificate dated no
earlier than 15 days prior to the Interest Payment Date occurring prior to such
Exchange Date in the form set forth as Exhibit A-1 to this Indenture (or in such
other forms as may be established pursuant to Section 301). Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein contained, the certifications made pursuant to
this paragraph shall satisfy the certification requirements of the preceding two
paragraphs of this

                                      -24-
<PAGE>
Section 304(b) and of the third paragraph of Section 303 of this Indenture and
the interests of the Persons who are the beneficial owners of the temporary
global Security with respect to which Such certification was made will be
exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor on the
Exchange Date or the date of certification if such date occurs after the
Exchange Date, without further act or deed by such beneficial owners. Except as
otherwise provided in this paragraph, no payments of principal or interest owing
with respect to a beneficial interest in a temporary global Security will be
made unless and until such interest in such temporary global Security shall have
been exchanged for an interest in a definitive Security. Any interest so
received by Euroclear and CEDEL and not paid as herein provided shall be
returned to the Trustee prior to the expiration of two years after such Interest
Payment Date in order to be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. The Company
shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or in any
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment a register for each series
of Securities (the registers maintained in such office or in any such office or
agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes referred to
collectively as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration
of Registered Securities and of transfers of Registered Securities. The Security
Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of being converted
into written form within a reasonable time. The Trustee, at its Corporate Trust
Office, is hereby appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering
Registered securities and transfers of Registered Securities on such Security
Register as herein provided. In the event that the Trustee shall cease to be
Security Registrar, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register at
all reasonable times.

      Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, upon surrender for
registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at any office
or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of
the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate
principal amount, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, and
containing identical terms and provisions.

      Subject to the provisions of this Section 305, at the option of the
Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other
Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination or
denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, containing identical
terms and provisions, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be
exchanged at any such office or agency. Whenever any such Registered Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive. Unless otherwise specified with
respect to any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301, Bearer
Securities may not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities.

      If (but only if) permitted by the applicable Board Resolution and (subject
to Section 303) set forth in the applicable Officers' Certificate, or in any
indenture supplemental hereto, delivered

                                      -25-
<PAGE>

as contemplated by Section 301, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities
of any series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of the same series of
any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor,
upon surrender of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any such office or
agency, with all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto
appertaining. If the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such
unmatured coupon or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, any such
permitted exchange may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by
payment in funds acceptable to the Company in an amount equal to the face amount
of such missing coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or
coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to
them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any
Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender
to any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment
shall have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of
such payment; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section
1002, interest represented by coupons shall be payable only upon presentation
and surrender of those coupons at an office or agency located outside the United
States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series
is surrendered at any such office or agency in a permitted exchange for a
Registered Security of the same series and like tenor after the close of
business at such office or agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the
opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment
Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such
office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest,
such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such
Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, and
interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such
Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in
respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security,
but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance
with the provisions of this Indenture. Whenever any Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the

      Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the
Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

      Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable
only as provided in this paragraph. If the depositary for any permanent global
Security is The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), then, unless the terms of such
global Security expressly permit such global Security to be exchanged in whole
or in part for definitive Securities, a global Security may be transferred, in
whole but not in part, only to a nominee of DTC, or by a nominee of DTC to DTC,
or to a successor to DTC for such global Security selected or approved by the
Company or to a nominee of such successor to DTC. If at any time DTC notifies
the Company that it is unwilling or "unable to continue as depositary for the
applicable global Security or Securities or if at any time DTC ceases to be a
clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 if so
required by applicable law or regulation, the Company shall appoint a successor
depositary with respect to such global Security or Securities. If (x) a
successor depositary for such global Security or Securities is not appointed by
the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes
aware of such unwillingness, inability or ineligibility, (y) an

                                      -26-
<PAGE>

Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the beneficial owners
representing a majority in principal amount of the applicable series of
Securities represented by such global Security or Securities advise DTC to cease
acting as depositary for such global Security or Securities or (z) the Company,
in its sole discretion, determines at any time that all Outstanding Securities
(but not less than all) of any series issued or issuable in the form of one or
more global Securities shall no longer be represented by such global Security or
Securities, then the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver definitive Securities of like series, rank, tenor and terms in
definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount
of such global Security or Securities. If any beneficial owner of an interest in
a permanent global Security is otherwise entitled to exchange such interest for
Securities of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another
authorized form and denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301
and provided that any applicable notice provided in the permanent global
Security shall have been given, then without unnecessary delay but in any event
not later than the earliest date on which such interest may be so exchanged, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver definitive
Securities in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such
beneficial owner's interest in such permanent global Security. On or after the
earliest date on which such interests may be so exchanged, such permanent global
Security shall be surrendered for exchange by DTC or such other depositary as
shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as
the Company's agent for such purpose; provided, however, that no such exchanges
may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before
any selection of Securities to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption
Date if the Security for which exchange is requested may be among those selected
for redemption; and provided further that no Bearer Security delivered in
exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. If a Registered
Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global Security
after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange occurs
on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office
or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date
and the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed
date for payment of Defaulted Interest, interest or Defaulted Interest, as the
case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date
for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but
will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as
the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion
of such permanent global Security is payable in accordance with the provisions
of this Indenture.

      All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

      Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or
the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written
instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security
Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized
in writing.

                                      -27-
<PAGE>

      No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906, 1107 or 1305 not involving an transfer.

      The Company or the Trustee, as applicable, shall not be required (i) to
issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security if such Security may be
among those selected for redemption during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before selection of the Securities to be redeemed under Section
1103 and ending at the close of business on (A) if such Securities are issuable
only as Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of
redemption and (B) if such Securities are issuable as Bearer Securities, the day
of the first publication of the relevant notice of redemption or, if such
Securities are also issuable as Registered Securities and there is no
publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or (ii) to
register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected for
redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Registered Security
to be redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii) to
exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that such a
Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that series and
like tenor, provided that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously
surrendered for redemption, or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange any Security which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of
the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated
Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it is surrendered
to the Trustee or the Company, together with, in proper cases, such security or
indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them
or any agent of either of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of
the same series and principal amount, containing identical terms and provisions
and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons
corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security.

      If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or
coupon, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save
each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of
notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or coupon has been
acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its
request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security to which a
destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not
destroyed, lost or stolen), a new Security of the same series and principal
amount, containing identical terms and provisions and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if
any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security
to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains.

                                      -28-
<PAGE>

      Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs, in case any
such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or coupon has become or is
about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of
issuing a new Security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any,
appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to
which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, pay such Security or
coupon; provided, however, that payment of principal of (and premium, if any),
and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, Bearer Securities
shall, except as otherwise provided in Section 1002, be payable only at an
office or agency located outside the United States and, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301, any interest on Bearer Securities
shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupons
appertaining thereto.

      Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

      Every new Security of any series with its coupons, if any, issued pursuant
to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security, or in
exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains,
shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company,
whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security and its coupons, if any,
or the destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any time enforceable by
anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series and their
coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

      The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons.

SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. Except as otherwise
specified with respect to a series of Securities in accordance with the
provisions of Section 301, interest on any Registered Security that is payable,
and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall
be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such
purpose pursuant to Section 1002; provided, however, that each installment of
interest on any Registered Security may at the Company's option be paid by (i)
mailing a check for such interest, payable to or upon the written order of the
Person entitled thereto pursuant to Section 308, to the address of such Person
as it appears on the Security Register or (ii) transfer to an account maintained
by the payee located inside the United States.

      Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to
the Securities of any series, payment of interest may be made, in the case of a
Bearer Security by transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank
located outside the United States.

                                      -29-
<PAGE>

      Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301, every permanent
global Security will provide that interest, if any, payable on any Interest
Payment Date will be paid to DTC, Euroclear and/or CEDEL, as the case may be,
with respect to that portion of such permanent global Security held for its
account by Cede & Co. or the Common Depositary, as the case may be, for the
purpose of permitting such party to credit the interest received by it in
respect of such permanent global Security to the accounts of the beneficial
owners thereof.

      In case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered in exchange for a
Registered Security of such series after the close of business (at an office or
agency in a Place of Payment for such series) on any Regular Record Date and
before the opening of business (at such office or agency) on the next succeeding
Interest Payment Date, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the
coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date and interest will not be payable
on such Interest Payment Date in respect of the Registered Security issued in
exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of
such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

      Except as otherwise specified with respect to a series of Securities in
accordance with the provisions of Section 301, any interest on any Registered
Security of any series that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly
provided for, on an Interest Payment Date (herein called "Defaulted Interest")
shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder thereof on the
relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such
Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as
provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

      (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the
Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their
respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a
Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be
fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing
of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered
Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment (which shall not be
less than 20 days after such notice is received by the Trustee), and at the same
time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee dollars in an amount equal to
the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect to such Defaulted Interest
or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or
prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held
in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as
in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date
for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days
and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less
than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed
payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record
Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of
the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Registered
Securities of such series at his address as it appears in the Security Register
not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its
discretion, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar
notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper in each place of
payment, but

                                      -30-
<PAGE>

such publications shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of
such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted
Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid,
such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the
Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor
Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date
and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). In case a
Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at the office or agency in a Place
of Payment for such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such series
after the close of business at such office or agency on any Special Record Date
and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related
proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be
surrendered without the coupon relating to such proposed date of payment and
Defaulted Interest will not be payable on such proposed date of payment in
respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security,
but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance
with the provisions of this Indenture.

      (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent
with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be
listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to
this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

      Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 305, each
Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in
exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest
accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Registered
Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of
the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered
Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of
receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any), and (subject to
Sections 305 and 307) interest on, such Registered Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Registered Security be overdue, and
neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

      Title to any Bearer Security and any coupons appertaining thereto shall
pass by delivery. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the
Trustee may treat the Holder of any Bearer Security and the Holder of any coupon
as the absolute owner of such Security or coupon for the purpose of receiving
payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever,
whether or not such Security or coupon be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice
to the contrary.

      None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security
Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on

                                      -31-
<PAGE>

account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for
maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial
ownership interests.

      Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global Security,
nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of the
Company or the Trustee, from giving effect to any written certification, proxy
or other authorization furnished by any depositary, as a Holder, with respect to
such global Security or impair, as between such depositary and owners of
beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary
practices governing the exercise of the rights of such depositary (or its
nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

SECTION 309. Cancellation. All Securities and coupons surrendered for payment,
redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder, registration of transfer or
exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to
any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such
Securities and coupons and Securities and coupons surrendered directly to the
Trustee for any such purpose shall be promptly canceled by it; provided,
however, where the Place of Payment is located outside of the United States, the
Paying Agent at such Place of Payment may cancel the Securities surrendered to
it for such purposes prior to delivering the Securities to the Trustee. The
Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have
acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any
other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities
previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold,
and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. If
the Company shall so acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition
shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the
Trustee for cancellation. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. Canceled Securities and coupons held by
the Trustee shall be destroyed by the Trustee and the Trustee shall deliver a
certificate of such destruction to the Company, unless by a Company Order the
Company directs their return to it.

SECTION 310. Computation of Interest. Except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 with respect to Securities of any series, interest
on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day
year consisting of twelve 30-day months.

                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture shall upon
Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of
Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any surviving rights
of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such series herein
expressly provided for and any right to receive Additional Amounts, as provided
in Section 1010), and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, and

                                      -32-
<PAGE>

at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series when

      (1) either

            (A) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and
delivered and all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons
appertaining to Bearer Securities surrendered for exchange for Registered
Securities and maturing after such exchange, whose surrender is not required or
has been waived as provided in Section 305, (ii) Securities and coupons of such
series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or
paid as provided in Section 306, (iii) coupons appertaining to Securities called
for redemption and maturing after the relevant Redemption Date, whose surrender
has been waived as provided in Section 1106, and (iv) Securities and coupons of
such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company
or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation; or

            (B) all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i) or (ii)
below, any coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation

                  (i) have become due and payable, or

                  (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity
within one year, or

                  (iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be
called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the
Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and
at the expense, of the Company, and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or
(iii) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the
Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose and in an amount sufficient to
pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities and such coupons
not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and
premium, if any) and interest, and any Additional Amounts with respect thereto,
to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
payable) or to the Stated Maturity Redemption Date, as the case may be;

      (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company; and

      (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and
an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to
such series have been complied with.

      Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under
Section 606, the obligations of the

                                      -33-
<PAGE>

Company to any Authenticating Agent under Section 611 and, if money shall have
been deposited with and held by the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause
(1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the
last paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

SECTION 402. Application of Trust Funds. Subject to the provisions of the last
paragraph of Section 1003, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
Section 401 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the
provisions of the Securities, the coupons and this Indenture, to the payment,
either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its
own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto,
of the principal (and premium, if any), and any interest and Additional Amounts
for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee,
but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent
required by law.

                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501. Events of Default. "Event of Default", wherever used herein with
respect to any particular series of Securities, means any one of the following
events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether or not it
shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant
to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation
of any administrative or governmental body):

      (1) default in the payment of any interest upon or any Additional Amounts
payable in respect of any Security of that series or of any coupon appertaining
thereto, when such interest, Additional Amounts or coupon becomes due and
payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

      (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on)
any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable at its Maturity; or

      (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by
the terms of any Security of that series; or

      (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of
the Company in this Indenture with respect to any Security of that series (other
than a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is
elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with), and continuance of such
default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by
registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company
and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default
or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a
"Notice of Default" hereunder; or

      (5) default under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of
indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company (including obligations under
leases required to be

                                      -34-
<PAGE>

capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted
accounting principles, but not including any indebtedness or obligations for
which recourse is limited to property purchased) in an aggregate principal
amount in excess of $5,000,000 or under any mortgage, indenture or instrument
under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced
any indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company (including such leases but
not including such indebtedness or obligations for which recourse is limited to
property purchased) in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $5,000,000 by
the Company, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created,
which default shall have resulted in such indebtedness becoming or being
declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have
become due and payable or such obligations being accelerated, without such
acceleration having been rescinded or annulled; or

      (6) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary pursuant to or within the
meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

            (A) commences a voluntary case,

            (B) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an
involuntary case,

            (C) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or
substantially all of its property, or

            (D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or

      (7) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any
Bankruptcy Law that:

            (A) is for relief against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary
in an involuntary case,

            (B) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any Significant
Subsidiary or for all or substantially all of either of its property, or

            (C) orders the liquidation of the Company or any Significant
Subsidiary, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days;
or

      (8) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that
series.

      As used in this Section 501, the term "Bankruptcy Law" means title 11,
U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors and the
term "Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or other
similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of
Default with respect to Securities of any series at that time Outstanding occurs
and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not
less than 25% in principal amount of the

                                      -35-
<PAGE>

Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal (or, if any
Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such
portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the
Securities of that series, and premium, if any, to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given
by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal or specified
portion thereof shall become immediately due and payable.

      At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:

      (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to
pay:

            (A) all overdue installments of interest on and any Additional
Amounts payable in respect of all Outstanding Securities of that series and any
related coupons,

            (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Outstanding
Securities of that series which have become due otherwise than by such
declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate or rates borne by
or provided for in such Securities,

            (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest
upon overdue installments of interest and any Additional Amounts at the rate or
rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and

            (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel; and

      (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other
than the nonpayment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of
acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

      No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
The Company covenants that if:

      (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest or
Additional Amounts, if any, on any Security of any series and any related coupon
when such interest or Additional Amount becomes due and payable and such default
continues for a period of 30 days, or

                                      -36-
<PAGE>

      (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
any, on) any Security of any series at its Maturity,

then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities of such series and coupons, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and
premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts, with interest upon any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and, to the extent that payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest
or Additional Amounts, if any, at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in
such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be
sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the
reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel.

      If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the
Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities of such series and
collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by
law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
of such series, wherever situated.

      If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and
is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series and any
related coupons by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall
deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the
specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of
the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any
receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization arrangement,
adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or
any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such
other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the
principal of the Securities of any series shall then be due and payable as
therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the
Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue
principal, premium, if any, or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by
intervention in such proceeding or otherwise:

      (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser amount
as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, of principal (and
premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts if any, owing and unpaid in
respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be
necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial
proceeding, and

                                      -37-
<PAGE>

      (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or
deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or
other similar official) in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities of such series and coupons to make such payments to
the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of
such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to
it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee and any predecessor Trustee, their agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee under Section 606.

      Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security
or coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition
affecting the Securities or coupons or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to
authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a
Security or coupon in any such proceeding.

SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or
Coupons. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the
Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the
possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production thereof in any
proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities and
coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected. Any money collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or
dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on
account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest and any Additional
Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities or coupons, or both, as the case
may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon
surrender thereof if fully paid:

      FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor
Trustee under Section 606;

      SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the
Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and any
Additional Amounts payable, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such
money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind,
according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities and
coupons for principal (and premium, if any), interest and Additional Amounts,
respectively; and

                                      -38-
<PAGE>

      THIRD: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company.

SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series or any
related coupon shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or
otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or trustee, or for a other remedy hereunder, unless:

      (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

      (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

      (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity
reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

      (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and
offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

      (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to
the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of
such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any
other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in
the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such
Holders.

SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium, if
any, Interest and Additional Amounts. Notwithstanding any other provision in
this Indenture, the Holder of any Security or coupon shall have the right which
is absolute and unconditional to receive payment of the principal of (and
premium, if any) and subject to Sections 305 and 307, interest on, and any
Additional Amounts in respect of, such Security or payment of such coupon on the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or coupon (or, in the case of
redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of
such Holder.

SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder of
a Security or coupon has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or
remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or
abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to
such Holder, then and in every such case, the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders of Securities and coupons shall, subject to any determination in such
proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions
hereunder and

                                      -39-
<PAGE>

thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue
as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with
respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities or coupons in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy
herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities
or coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder. or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee
or of any Holder of any Security or coupon to exercise any right or remedy
accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or
constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein.
Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the
Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders of Securities or coupons, as the
case may be.

SECTION 512. Control by Holders of Securities. The Holders of not less than a
majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power
conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series, provided
that

            (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
with this Indenture,

            (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

            (3) the Trustee need not take any action which might involve it in
personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of Securities of such
series not joining therein.

SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of
the Holders of all the Securities of such series and any related coupons waive
any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences,
except a default

            (1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on or Additional Amounts payable in respect of any Security of such
series or any related coupons, or

            (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series affected.

                                      -40-
<PAGE>

      Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 514. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon,
or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of
any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter
in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture;
and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly
waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not
hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the
Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though
no such law had been enacted.

SECTION 515. Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and
each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have
agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the
enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against
the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any
party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit,
and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including
reasonable attorneys, fees, against any party litigant in such suit having due
regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party
litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit
instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of
Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the
outstanding securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the
enforcement or the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest
on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date).

                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601. Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any
default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee
shall transmit in the manner and to the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c),
notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such default shall
have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a
default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of such series, or in the
payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to the Securities of such
series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long
as Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the
withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Securities
and coupons of such series; and provided further that in the case of any default
or breach of the character specified in Section 501(4) with respect to the
Securities and coupons of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given
until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the

                                      -41-
<PAGE>

purpose of this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect
to the Securities of such series.

SECTION 602. Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of TIA Section
315(a) through 315(d):

      (1)   the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining
from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note,
coupon or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been
signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

      (2)   any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order (other than
delivery of any Security, together with any coupons appertaining thereto, to the
Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 303 which shall be
sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of the Board of
Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

      (3)   whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any Section hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part,
rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

      (4)   the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel
or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

      (5)   the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of
any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons pursuant
to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee
adequate security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs,
expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
request or direction;

      (6)   the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture,
note, coupon or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may
make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may
see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
investigation, it shall be entitled to make reasonable examination of the books,
records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney
following reasonable notice to the Company;

      (7)   the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder; and

                                      -42-

<PAGE>

      (8)   the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or
within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

      The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds or
otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties
hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have
reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

      Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee
undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in this
Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee.

SECTION 603. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificate of authentication, and in any coupons shall be taken as the
statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent
assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the
Securities or coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly
authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities
and perform its obligations hereunder. Neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the
Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 604. May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Paying Agent, Security
Registrar, Authenticating Agent or any other agent of the Company, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
and coupons and, subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311, may otherwise deal with
the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Paying
Agent, Security Registrar, Authenticating Agent or such other agent.

SECTION 605. Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it
hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

SECTION 606. Compensation and Reimbursement. The Company agrees:

      (1)   to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for
all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited
by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);

      (2)   except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse each of
the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee upon its request for all reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in
accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable
compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and

                                      -43-

<PAGE>

counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be
attributable to any act for which the Trustee shall have been adjudged negligent
or to have acted in bad faith; and

      (3)   to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee for,
and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred,
without negligence or bad faith on its own part, arising out of or in connection
with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder,
including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or
liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or
duties hereunder.

      When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an
Event of Default specified in Section 501(6) or Section 501(7), the expenses
(including the reasonable charges and expenses of its counsel) and the
compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or
other similar law.

      As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under
this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities upon all
property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held
in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
particular Securities or any coupons.

      The provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this
Indenture.

SECTION 607. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility Conflicting Interests.
There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be eligible to act
as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and shall have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of
condition at least annually, pursuant to law or the requirements of Federal,
State, Territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth
in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified
in this Article.

SECTION 608. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

      (a)   No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 609.

      (b)   The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of
one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If an
instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to
the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor Trustee.

                                      -44-

<PAGE>

      (c)   The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

      (d)   If at any time:

            (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of TIA
Section 310(b) after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder of
a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six
months, or

            (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 607 and
shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any
Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least
six months, or

            (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the
Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by or pursuant to a Board Resolution may
remove the Trustee and appoint a successor Trustee with respect to all
Securities, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder of a Security who
has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf
of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and
the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

      (e)   If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of
acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause with
respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to
a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with
respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any
such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or
more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any particular series). If, within one year
after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such
vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall
be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such appointment, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by
the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any
series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities
and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder of a
Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at
least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to Securities of such series.

                                      -45-

<PAGE>

      (f)   The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal
of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment
of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series in the
manner provided for notices to the Holders of Securities in Section 106. Each
notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 609. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. (a) In case of the
appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities,
every such successor Trustee shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the
Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment,
and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or the successor
Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and
deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights,
powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee, and shall duly assign, transfer and
deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in
Section 606.

      (b)   In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto,
pursuant to Article Nine hereof, wherein each successor Trustee shall accept
such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be
necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each
successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is
not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

                                      -46-

<PAGE>

      (c)   upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

      (d)   No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time
of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.

SECTION 610. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any
corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it
may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or
consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation
succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the
Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities or coupons shall have been
authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities or coupons so authenticated with
the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such
Securities or coupons. In case any Securities or coupons shall not have been
authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such successor Trustee may
authenticate and deliver such Securities or coupons, in either its own name or
that of its predecessor Trustee, with the full force and effect which this
Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee.

SECTION 611. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. If and when the
Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon
all the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any
such other obligor). For purposes of TIA Section 311(b)(4) and (6)

      (1)   "cash transaction" means any transaction in which full payment for
goods or securities sold is made within seven days after delivery of the goods
or securities in currency or in checks or other orders drawn upon banks or
bankers and payable upon demand; and

      (2)   "self-liquidating paper" means any draft, bill of exchange,
acceptance or obligation which is made, drawn, negotiated or incurred by the
Company (or any such obligor) for the purpose of financing the purchase,
processing, manufacturing, shipment, storage or sale of goods, wares or
merchandise and which is secured by documents evidencing title to, possession
of, or a lien upon the goods, wares or merchandise or the receivables or
proceeds arising from the sale of the goods, wares or merchandise previously
constituting the security, provided the security is received by the Trustee
simultaneously with the creation of the creditor relationship with the Company
(or any such obligor) arising from the making, drawing, negotiating or incurring
of the draft, bill of exchange, acceptance or obligation.

                                      -47-

<PAGE>

SECTION 612. Appointment of Authenticating Agent. At any time when any of the
Securities remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent
or Agents with respect to or more series of Securities which shall be authorized
to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued
upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption or repayment
thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of
this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if
authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced
by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, a
copy of which instrument shall be promptly furnished to the Company. Wherever
reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of
Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such
reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication
executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times
be a bank or trust company or corporation organized and doing business and in
good standing under the laws of the United States of America or of any State or
the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and
subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authorities. If such
Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such
Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as
set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. In case at any
time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

      Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or further act
on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

      An Authenticating Agent for any series of Securities may at any time
resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee for such series
and to the Company. The Trustee for any series of Securities may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of
termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such
a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee for such series may appoint a successor
Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give
notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with
respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve in the manner set forth in
Section 106. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its
appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties
of its predecessor hereunder,

                                      -48-

<PAGE>

with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent herein. No
successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

      The Company agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation including reimbursement of its reasonable expenses for
its services under this Section.

      If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to
this Section, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an
alternate certificate of authentication substantially in the following form:

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                                      NBD Bank
                                                      as Trustee

                                                      By:_______________________
                                                        as Authenticating Agent

                                 ARTICLE SEVEN

               HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701. Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders. Every Holder of
Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the
Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any
Authenticating Agent nor any Paying Agent nor any Security Registrar shall be
held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any information as to the names
and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance with TIA Section 312,
regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the
Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant
to a request made under TIA Section 312(b).

SECTION 702. Reports by Trustee. Within 60 days after June 1 of each year
commencing with the first June 1 after the first issuance of Securities pursuant
to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of
Securities as provided in TIA Section 313(c) a brief report dated as of such
June 1 if required by TIA Section 313(a).

SECTION 703. Reports by Company. The Company will:

      (a)   file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required
to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of
the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with

                                      -49-

<PAGE>

the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or,
if the Company is not required to file information, documents or reports
pursuant to either of such Sections, then it will file with the Trustee, in
accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and
reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in
respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as
may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

      (b)   file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules
and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional
information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company
with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time
to time by such rules and regulations;

      (c)   the Trustee shall transmit the reports required by TIA Section
313(b) at the times specified therein; and

      (d)   transmit by mail to the Holders of Securities, within 30 days after
the filing thereof with the Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in
TIA Section 313(c) and (d), such summaries of any information, documents and
reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (b)
of this Section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time
to time by the Commission.

 SECTION 704. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The
 Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

      (a)   semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record Date
for interest for each series of Securities, a list, in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Registered
Securities of such series as of such Regular Record Date, or if there is no
Regular Record Date for interest for such series of Securities, semi-annually,
upon such dates as are set forth in the Board Resolution or indenture
supplemental hereto authorizing such series, and

      (b)   at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30
days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar
form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list
is furnished, provided, however, that, so long as the Trustee is the Security
Registrar, no such list shall be required to be furnished.

                                      -50-

<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

                CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE, LEASE OR CONVEYANCE

SECTION 801. Consolidations and Mergers of Company and Sales, Leases and
Conveyances Permitted Subject to Certain Conditions. The Company may consolidate
with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of its assets to, or
merge with or into any other entity, provided that in any such case, (1) either
the Company shall be the continuing entity, or the successor entity (if other
than the Company) formed by or resulting from any such consolidation or merger
or which shall have received the transfer of such assets shall expressly assume
the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and any
interest (including all Additional Amounts, if any, payable pursuant to Section
1010) on all of the Securities, and the due and punctual performance and
observance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be
performed by the Company and (2) immediately after giving effect to such
transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the
Company or any Subsidiary as a result thereof as having been incurred by the
Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default,
and no event which, after notice or the lapse of time, or both, would become an
Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

SECTION 802. Rights and Duties of Successor Corporation. In case of any such
consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance and upon any such assumption by
the successor entity, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted
for the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named herein as the
party of the first part, and the predecessor entity, except in the event of a
lease, shall be relieved of any further obligation under this Indenture and the
Securities. Such successor entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the
Securities issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by
the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor
entity, instead of the Company, and subject to all the terms, conditions and
limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and
shall deliver any Securities which previously shall have been signed and
delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication, and
any Securities which such successor entity thereafter shall cause to be signed
and delivered to the Trustee for that purpose. All the Securities so issued
shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture
as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms
of this Indenture as though all of such Securities had been issued at the date
of the execution hereof.

      In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or conveyance, such
changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the
Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.

SECTION 803. Officer's Certificate and Opinion of Counsel. Any consolidation,
merger, sale, lease or conveyance permitted under Section 801 is also subject to
the condition that the Trustee receive an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion
of Counsel to the effect that any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or
conveyance, and the assumption by any successor entity,

                                      -51-

<PAGE>

complies with the provisions of this Article and that all conditions precedent
herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with.

                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders. Without the
consent of any Holders of Securities or coupons, the Company, when authorized by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to
time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form
satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

      (1)   to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company and the
assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in
the securities contained; or

      (2)   to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for
the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to
surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or

      (3)   to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such Events of Default are to
be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
series); provided, however, that in respect of any such additional Events of
Default such supplemental indenture may provide for a particular period of grace
after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in the
case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such
default or may limit the remedies available to the Trustee upon such default or
may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount
of that or those series of Securities to which such additional Events of Default
apply to waive such default; or

      (4)   to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to
provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or
eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of or any premium or
interest on Bearer Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in
exchange for Registered Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in
exchange for Bearer Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or
facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, provided that any
such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect; or

      (5)   to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture,
provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when
there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of
such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision;
or

                                      -52-
<PAGE>

      (6)   to secure the Securities; or

      (7)   to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series and any
related coupons as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

      (8)   to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee; or

      (9)   to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein
which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to
make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under
this Indenture which shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this
Indenture, provided such provisions shall not adversely affect the interests of
the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material
respect; or

      (10)  to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent
as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of
any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 401, 1402 and 1403; provided that
any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Securities of such series and any related coupons or any other series of
Securities in any material respect.

SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent
of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said
Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities and any related coupons under this Indenture; provided, however, that
no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby:

      (1)   change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or premium, if any,
on) or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security; or reduce
the principal amount thereof or the rate or amount of interest thereon or any
Additional Amounts payable in respect thereof, or any premium payable upon the
redemption thereof, or change any obligation of the Company to pay Additional
Amounts pursuant to Section 1010 (except as contemplated by Section 801(1) and
permitted by Section 901(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an
Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or
the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 504, or adversely
affect any right of repayment at the option of the Holder of any Security, or
change any Place of Payment where, or the currency in which, any Security or any
premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute
suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity
thereof (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder,
on or after the Redemption Date or the Repayment Date, as the case may be), or

                                      -53-
<PAGE>

      (2)   reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any
waiver with respect to such series (or compliance with certain provisions of
this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided
for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 1504 for quorum or
voting, or

      (3)   modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or Section
1013, except to increase the required percentage to effect such action or to
provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or
waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
thereby.

      It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

      A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting
the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this
Article or the modification thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying
upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental
indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but
shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which
affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.

SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any
supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in
accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this
Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or
thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder and of any coupon appertaining
thereto shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905. Conformity with TIA. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant
to this Article shall conform to the requirements of the TIA as then in effect.

SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of
any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental
indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall, if required by the Trustee,
bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in
such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities
of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee

                                      -54-
<PAGE>

and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed
by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for
Outstanding Securities of such series.

                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                   COVENANTS

SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, Interest and Additional
Amounts. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each
series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and
premium,, if any) and interest on and any Additional Amounts payable in respect
of the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of such series of
Securities, any coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of
Securities, any interest due on and any Additional Amounts payable in respect of
Bearer Securities on or before Maturity, other than Additional Amounts, if any,
payable as provided in Section 1010 in respect of principal of (or premium, if
any, on) such a Security, shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender
of the several coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby
as they severally mature. Unless otherwise specified with respect to Securities
of any series pursuant to Section 301, at the option of the Company, all
payments of principal may be paid by check to the registered Holder of the
Registered Security or other person entitled thereto against surrender of such
Security.

SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency. If Securities of a series are
issuable only as Registered Securities, the Company shall maintain in each Place
of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of
that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of
that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and
where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of
that series and this Indenture may be served. If Securities of a series are
issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company will maintain: (A) in the Borough of
Manhattan, New York City, an office or agency where any Registered Securities of
that series may be presented or surrendered for payment or where any Registered
Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where
Securities of that series may be surrendered for exchange, where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be served and where Bearer Securities of that series and
related coupons may be presented or surrendered for payment in the circumstances
described in the following paragraph (and not otherwise); (B) subject to any
laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series
which is located outside the United States, an office or agency where Securities
of that series and related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment
(including payment of any Additional Amounts payable on Securities of that
series pursuant to Section 1010); provided, however, that if the Securities of
that series are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock
exchange located outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so
require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of that
series in Luxembourg or any other required city located outside the United
States, as the case may be, so long as the Securities of that series are listed
on such exchange; and (C) subject to any laws or regulations applicable

                                      -55-
<PAGE>

thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series located outside the United States
an office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be
surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of each such office or agency. If at any time the
Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of that series and the related coupons
may be presented and surrendered for payment (including payment of any
Additional Amounts payable on Bearer Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1010) or at the offices specified in the Security, in London, England,
and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agent to receive such respective
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands, and the Company hereby appoints
the Trustee its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and
demands.

      Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 301, no payment of principal, premium or interest on or Additional
Amounts in respect of Bearer Securities shall be made at any office or agency of
the Company in the United States or by check mailed to any address in the United
States or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank allocated in the
United States; provided, however, that payment of principal of and any premium
and interest on any Bearer Security (including any Additional Amounts payable on
securities of such series pursuant to Section 1010) shall be made at the office
of the designated agent of the Company's Paying Agent in the Borough of
Manhattan, New York City if (but only if) payment in Dollars of the full amount
of such principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts, as the case may be,
at all offices or agencies outside the United States maintained for the purpose
by the Company in accordance with this Indenture, is illegal or effectively
precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

      The Company may from time to time designate one or more other offices or
agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office
or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for Securities of
any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the
Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location
of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise noted with respect to any
Securities pursuant to Section 301 with respect to a series of Securities, the
Company hereby designates as a Place of Payment for each series of Securities
the office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan New York City,
and initially appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust office as Paying Agent
and as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and
demands.

SECTION 1003. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. If the Company
shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of any
securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any), or interest

                                      -56-
<PAGE>

on or Additional Amounts in respect of, any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium if any) or interest or
Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons
or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the
Trustee, of its action or failure so to act.

      Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series
of Securities and any related coupons, it will, before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any), or interest on or Additional Amounts in
respect of, any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum
sufficient to pay the principal (and premium if any) or interest or Additional
Amounts, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest or Additional Amounts
and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify
the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

      The Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to execute
and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree
with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying
Agent will

      (1)   hold all sums held by it for the payment of principal of (and
premium, if any) or interest on Securities or Additional Amounts in trust for
the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to
such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

      (2)   give the Trustee notice of any default by the Trust (or any other
obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any such payment of principal (and
premium, if any) or interest or Additional Amounts; and

      (3)   at any time during the continuance of any such default upon the
written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in
trust by such Paying Agent.

      The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
sums.

      Except as otherwise provided in the Securities of any series, any money
deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in
trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on,
or any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security of any series and
remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if any),
interest or Additional Amounts has become due and payable shall be paid to the
Company upon Company Request or (if then held by the Company) shall be
discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as
an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment of such
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on, or

                                      -57-
<PAGE>

any Additional Amounts in respect of, any Security, without interest thereon,
and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust
money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon
cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being
required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to
be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, notice that such money remains
unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than
30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money
then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 1004. Existence. Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause
to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect
its existence as a corporation, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any right
or franchise if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation
thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company.

SECTION 1005. Maintenance of Properties. The Company will cause all of its
material properties used or useful in the conduct of its business or the
business of any Subsidiary to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair
and working order and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be
made all necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements
thereof, all as in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so that the
business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and advantageously
conducted at all times.

SECTION 1006. Insurance. The Company will, and will cause each of its
Subsidiaries to, keep all of its insurable properties insured against loss or
damage at least equal to their then full insurable value with insurers of
recognized responsibility.

SECTION 1007. Payment of Taxes and Other Claims. The Company will pay or
discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become
delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or
imposed upon it or any Subsidiary or upon the income, profits or property of the
Company or any Subsidiary, and (2) all lawful claims for labor, materials and
supplies, which, if unpaid, might by law become a material lien upon the
property of the Company or any Subsidiary; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any
such tax, assessment, charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is
being contested in good faith.

SECTION 1008. Provision of Financial Information. Whether or not the Company is
subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company will prepare the
annual reports, quarterly reports and other documents within 15 days of each of
the respective dates by which the Company would have been required to file with
the Commission pursuant to such Section 13 or 15(d) and will (i) transmit by
mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security
Register, without cost to such Holders copies of the annual reports, quarterly
reports and other documents which the Company would have been required to file
with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act if the
Company were subject to such Sections, (ii) file with the Trustee copies of the
annual reports, quarterly reports and other

                                      -58-
<PAGE>

documents which the Trust would have been required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act if the Company were subject
to such Sections and (iii) promptly upon written request and payment of the
reasonable cost of duplication and delivery, supply copies of such documents to
any prospective Holder.

SECTION 1009. Statement as to Compliance. The Company will deliver to the
Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a brief certificate
from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal
accounting officer as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with
all conditions and covenants under this Indenture and, in the event of any
noncompliance, specifying such noncompliance and the nature and status thereof.
For purposes of this Section 1009, such compliance shall be determined without
regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

SECTION 1010. Additional Amounts. If any Securities of a series provide for the
payment of Additional Amounts, the Company will pay to the Holder of any
Security of such series or any coupon appertaining thereto Additional Amounts as
may be specified as contemplated by Section 301. Whenever in this Indenture
there is mentioned, in any context except in the case of Section 502(1), the
payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on, or in respect of, any
Security of any series or payment of any related coupon or the net proceeds
received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, such mention
shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided
by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301 to the extent
that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in
respect thereof pursuant to such terms and express mention of the payment of
Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be
construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions hereof where such
express mention is not made.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, if the
Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at least
10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to that series of
Securities (or if the Securities of that series will not bear interest prior to
Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal and any premium is
made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of payment of principal and any
premium or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set
forth in the below-mentioned Officers' Certificate, the Company will furnish the
Trustee and the Company's principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other than
the Trustee, with an Officers' Certificate instructing the Trustee and such
Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal of and any
premium or interest on the Securities of that series shall be made to Holders of
Securities of that series or any related coupons who are not United States
persons without withholding for or on account of any tax, assessment or other
governmental charge described in the Securities of the series. If any such
withholding shall be required, then such Officers' Certificate shall specify by
country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments to such
Holders of Securities of that series or related coupons and the Company will pay
to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required by the terms
of such Securities. In the event that the Trustee or any Paying Agent, as the
case may be, shall not so receive the above-mentioned certificate, then the
Trustee or such Paying Agent shall be entitled (i) to assume that no such
withholding or deduction is required with respect to any payment of principal or
interest with

                                      -59-
<PAGE>

respect to any Securities of a series or related coupons until it shall have
received a certificate advising otherwise and (ii) to make all payments of
principal and interest with respect to the Securities of a series or related
coupons without withholding or deductions until otherwise advised. The Company
covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them
harmless against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without
negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in connection with
actions taken or omitted by any of them or in reliance on any Officers'
Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section or in reliance on the Company's
not furnishing such an Officers' Certificate.

SECTION 1011. Limitations on Liens. The Company shall not, and shall not cause
or permit any Subsidiary to, issue, assume or guarantee any Debt secured by a
Lien upon any property or assets (other than cash) of the Company or such
Subsidiary, as applicable, without effectively providing that the outstanding
Securities (together with, if the Company so determines, any other indebtedness
or obligation then existing or thereafter created ranking equally with such
Securities) shall be secured equally and ratably with (or prior to) such Debt so
long as such Debt shall be so secured. The foregoing restriction on Liens will
not, however, apply to:

      (a)   Liens in existence on the date of original issue of such Securities;

      (b)   (i) any Lien created or arising over any property which is acquired,
constructed or created by the Company, or any of its Subsidiaries, but only if
(A) such Lien secures only principal amounts (not exceeding the cost of such
acquisition, construction or creation) raised for the purposes of such
acquisition, construction or creation, together with any costs, expenses,
interest and fees incurred in relation thereto or a guarantee given in respect
thereof, (B) such Lien is created or arises on or before 90 days after the
completion of such acquisition, construction or creation and (C) such Lien is
confined solely to the property so acquired, constructed or created; or (ii) any
Lien to secure Debt of the Company or a Subsidiary incurred in connection with a
specifically identifiable project where the Lien relates to and is confined to a
property or properties (including, without limitation, shares or other rights of
ownership in the entities which own such property or project) involved in such
project and acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary after the date of original
issue of the Securities of any series and the recourse of the creditors in
respect of such Debt is limited to any or all of such project and property
(including as aforesaid);

      (c)   any Lien securing amounts not more than 90 days overdue or otherwise
being contested in good faith;

      (d)   (i) rights of financial institutions to offset credit balances in
connection with the operation of cash management programs established for the
benefit of the Company or a Subsidiary or in connection with the issuance of
letters of credit for the benefit of the Company or a Subsidiary; (ii) any Lien
securing Debt of the Company or a Subsidiary incurred in connection with the
financing of accounts receivable; (iii) any Lien incurred or deposits made in
the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, (A) any
mechanics', materialmens', carriers', workmens', vendors' or other like Liens
and (B) any Liens securing amounts in connection with workers' compensation,
unemployment insurance and other types of social

                                      -60-
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security; (iv) any Lien upon specific items of inventory or other goods and
proceeds of the Company or a Subsidiary securing obligations of the Company or a
Subsidiary in respect of bankers' acceptances issued or created for the account
of such person to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory
or other goods; (v) any Lien incurred or deposits made securing the performance
of tenders, bids, leases, trade contracts (other than for borrowed money),
statutory obligations, surety bonds, appeal bonds, government contracts,
performance bonds, return-of-money bonds and other obligations of like nature
incurred in the ordinary course of business; (vi) any Lien constituted by a
right of set off or right over a margin call account or any form of cash or cash
collateral or any similar arrangement for obligations incurred in respect of the
hedging or management of risks under transactions involving any currency or
interest rate swap, cap or collar arrangements, forward exchange transaction,
option, warrant, forward rate agreement, futures contract or other derivative
instrument of any kind; (vii) any Lien arising out of title retention or like
provisions in connection with the purchase of goods and equipment in the
ordinary course of business; and (viii) any Lien securing reimbursement
obligations under letters of credit, guaranties and other forms of credit
enhancement given in connection with the purchase of goods and equipment in the
ordinary course of business;

      (e)   Liens in favor of the Company or a Subsidiary;

      (f)   (i) Liens on any property or assets acquired from a corporation
which is merged with or into the Company or a Subsidiary, or any Liens on the
property or assets of any corporation or other entity existing at the time such
corporation or other entity becomes a Subsidiary of the Company and, in either
such case, is not created in anticipation of any such transaction (unless such
Lien is created to secure or provide for the payment of any part of the purchase
price of such corporation); (ii) any Lien on any property or assets existing at
the time of acquisition thereof and which is not created in anticipation of such
acquisition (unless such Lien was created to secure or provide for the payment
of any part of the purchase price of such property or assets); and (iii) any
Lien created or outstanding on or over any asset of any Person which becomes a
Subsidiary on or after the date of the issuance of such Securities when such
Lien is created prior to the date on which such Person becomes a Subsidiary;

      (g)   (i) Liens required by any contract or statute in order to permit
the Company or a Subsidiary to perform any contract or subcontract made by it
with or at the request of a governmental entity or any department, agency or
instrumentality thereof, or to secure partial, progress, advance or any other
payments by the Company or a Subsidiary to such governmental unit pursuant to
the provisions of any contract or statute; (ii) any Lien securing industrial
revenue, development or similar bonds issued by or for the benefit of the
Company or a Subsidiary, provided that such industrial revenue, development or
similar bonds are nonrecourse to the Company or such Subsidiary; and (iii) any
Lien securing taxes or assessments or other applicable governmental charges or
levies;

      (h)   (i) any Lien which arises pursuant to any order of attachment,
distraint or similar legal process arising in connection with court proceedings
and any Lien which secures the reimbursement obligation for any bond obtained in
connection with an appeal taken in any court proceeding, so long as the
execution or other enforcement of such Lien arising pursuant to such

                                      -61-
<PAGE>

legal process is effectively stayed and the claims secured thereby are being
contested in good faith and, if appropriate, by appropriate legal proceedings,
or any Lien in favor of a plaintiff or defendant in any action before a court or
tribunal as security for costs and/or other expenses; or (ii) any Lien arising
by operation of law or by order of a court or tribunal or any Lien arising by an
agreement of similar effect, including, without limitation, judgment liens; or

      (i)   any extension, renewal or replacement (or successive extensions,
renewals or replacements), as a whole or in part, or any Liens referred to in
the foregoing clauses, for amounts not exceeding the principal amount of the
Debt secured by the Lien so extended, renewed or replaced, provided that such
extension, renewal or replacement Lien is limited to all or a part of the same
property or assets that were covered by the Lien extended, renewed or replaced
(plus improvements on such property or assets).

      Nothing contained in this Indenture in any way restricts or prevents the
Company or any Subsidiary from incurring any Debt.

SECTION 1012. Limitations on Sale and Lease-Back Transactions. The Company
covenants and agrees that so long as any Securities of such series remains
outstanding, it will not, and the Company will not permit any Subsidiary to,
enter into any arrangement with any Person (other than the Company or a
Subsidiary), providing for the leasing to the Company or a Subsidiary of any
assets which have been or are to be sold or transferred by the Company or such
Subsidiary to such Person (a "Sale and Lease-Back Transaction") unless; (a) such
transaction involves a lease for a temporary period not to exceed three years;
(b) such transaction is between the Company or a Subsidiary and an affiliate of
the Company; (c) the Company would be entitled to incur debt secured by a Lien
on the assets or property involved in such transaction at least equal in amount
to the Attributable Debt with respect to such Sale and Lease-Back Transaction,
without equally and ratably securing the Securities, pursuant to the limitation
on Liens described above; (d) such transaction is entered into within 90 days
after the initial acquisition by the Company of the assets or property subject
to such transaction; (e) after giving effect thereto, the aggregate amount of
all Attributable Debt with respect to all such Sale and Lease-Back Transactions
does not exceed 10% of Consolidated Net Tangible Assets; or (f) the Company or a
Subsidiary within the twelve months preceding the sale or transfer or the twelve
months following the sale or transfer, regardless of whether such sale or
transfer may have been made by the Company or such Subsidiary, applies in the
case of a sale or transfer for cash, an amount equal to the net proceeds thereof
and, in the case of a sale or transfer otherwise than for cash, an amount equal
to the fair value of the assets so leased at the time of entering into such
arrangement (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company or such
Subsidiary), (i) to the retirement of debt, incurred or assumed by the Company
or a Subsidiary, which by its terms matures at, or is extendible or renewable at
the option of the obligor to, a date more than twelve months after the date of
incurring, assuming or guaranteeing such debt or (ii) to investment in any
assets of the Company or any Subsidiary.

SECTION 1013. Waiver of Certain Covenants. The Company may omit in any
particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in
Sections 1004 to 1008, inclusive, or Section 1011 or Section 1012 if before or
after the time for such compliance the

                                      -62-
<PAGE>

Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all outstanding Securities
of such series, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such
instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no
such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the
extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the
obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

                                      -63-
<PAGE>

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article. Securities of any series which are
redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with
their terms and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301
for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article.

SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company
to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution. In the case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less
than all of the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 45 days
prior to the giving of the notice of redemption in Section 1104 (unless a
shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such
Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of
any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an
Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. If less than
all the Securities of any series issued on the same day with the same terms are
to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not
more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the
Outstanding Securities of such series issued on such date with the same terms
not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem
fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of
portions (equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of that
series or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of Securities
of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized denomination
for Securities of that series.

      The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar
(if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and,
in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal
amount thereof to be redeemed.

      For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of
the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption shall be given in the
manner provided in Section 106, not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified by the terms
of such series established pursuant to Section 301, to each Holder of Securities
to be redeemed, but failure to give such notice in the manner herein provided to
the Holder of any Security designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or
any defect in the notice to any such Holder, shall not affect the validity of
the proceedings for the redemption of any other such Security or portion
thereof.

                                      -64-
<PAGE>

      Any notice that is mailed to the Holders of Registered Securities in the
manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given,
whether or not the Holder receives the notice.

      All notices of redemption shall state:

      (1)   the Redemption Date,

      (2)   the Redemption Price, accrued interest to the Redemption Date
payable as provided in Section 1106, if any, and Additional Amounts, if any,

      (3)   if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be
redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the
principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed,

      (4)   in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice
which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption
Date, upon surrender of such Security, the holder will receive, without a
charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the
principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

      (5)   that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and accrued
interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 1106, if any,
will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof, to
be redeemed and if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on
and after said date,

      (6)   the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities, together in
the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons appertaining thereto, if any,
maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the
Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

      (7)   that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,

      (8)   that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer Securities
of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied by all
coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for redemption or the amount of
any such missing coupon or coupons will be deducted from the Redemption Price,
unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee for such
series and any Paying Agent is furnished,

      (9)   if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and any
Registered Securities of such series are not to be redeemed, and if such Bearer
Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption
on this Redemption Date pursuant to Section 305 or otherwise, the last date, as
determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made, and

      (10)  the CUSIP number of such Security, if any.

                                      -65-
<PAGE>

      Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed shall be given by the
Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the
expense of the Company.

SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price. At least one Business Day prior to
any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying
Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, which it may not do
in the case of a sinking fund payment under Article Twelve), segregate and hold
in trust as provided in section 1003 an amount sufficient) to pay on the
Redemption Date the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date
shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities or
portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.

SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having
been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the
Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein
specified (together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date), and
from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the
Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall, if the same were
interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest
appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the extent
provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for
redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be
paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if
any, to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest on
Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date
shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States
(except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of coupons
for such interest; and provided further that, installments of interest on
Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption
Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section.

      If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be accompanied
by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such security may
be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal to the face
amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or
coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to
them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any
Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender
to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a
deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price, such Holder shall be
entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided, however, that interest
represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located
outside the United States (except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and,
unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon
presentation and surrender of those coupons.

                                      -66-
<PAGE>

      If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid,
bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate borne by the Security.

SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part. Any Registered Security which is to
be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of
Article Twelve) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if
the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written
instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly
executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and
the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the
Holder of such Security without service charge a new Security or Securities of
the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder in
aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion
of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                 SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be
applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series
except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of
such series.

      The minimum amount of an sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of
Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund
payment", and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the
terms of such Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of any Securities of any
series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be subject to
reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be
applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the
terms of the Securities of such series.

SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. The Company
may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment
with respect to the Securities of a series, (1) deliver Outstanding Securities
of such series (other than any previously called for redemption) together in the
case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all unmatured coupons
appertaining thereto and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which
have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms
of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund
payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, as provided for by the terms
of such Securities, or which have otherwise been acquired by the Company;
provided that such Securities so delivered or applied as a credit have not been
previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such
purpose by the Trustee at the applicable Redemption Price specified in such
Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such mandatory sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

                                      -67-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 60 days
prior to each sinking fund payment date for Securities of any series, the
Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the
amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to
be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be
satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to
Section 1202, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next
ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the Trustee any
Securities to be so delivered and credited. If such Officers' Certificate shall
specify an optional amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory
sinking fund payment, the Trust shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount
therein specified. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment
date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of
the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the
Company in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly
given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the
manner stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                ARTICLE THIRTEEN

                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

SECTION 1301. Applicability of Article. Repayment of Securities of any series
before their Stated Maturity at the option of Holders thereof shall be made in
accordance with the terms of such Securities, if any, and (except as otherwise
specified by the terms of such series established pursuant to Section 301) in
accordance with this Article.

SECTION 1302. Repayment of Securities. Securities of any series subject to
repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holders thereof will, unless
otherwise provided in the terms of such Securities, be repaid at a price equal
to the principal amount thereof, together with interest, if any, thereon accrued
to the Repayment Date specified in or pursuant to the terms of such Securities.
The Company covenants that at least one Business Day prior to the Repayment Date
it will deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is
acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in
Section 1003) an amount sufficient to pay the principal (or, if so provided by
the terms of the Securities of any series, a percentage of the principal) of,
and (except if the Repayment Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued
interest on, all the Securities or portions thereof, as the case may be, to be
repaid on such date.

SECTION 1303. Exercise of Option. Securities of any series subject to repayment
at the option of the Holders thereof will contain an "Option to Elect Repayment"
form on the reverse of such Securities. In order for any Security to be repaid
at the option of the Holder, the Trustee must receive at the Place of Payment
therefor specified in the terms of such Security (or at such other place or
places of which the Company shall from time to time notify the Holders of such
Securities) not earlier than 60 days nor later than 30 days prior to the
Repayment Date (1) the Security so providing for such repayment together with
the "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse thereof duly completed by
the Holder (or by the Holder's attorney duly authorized in

                                      -68-
<PAGE>

writing) or (2) a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or a letter from a
member of a national securities exchange, or the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD"), or a commercial bank or trust company in the
United States setting forth the name of the Holder of the security, the
principal amount of the Security, the principal amount of the Security to be
repaid, the CUSIP number, if any, or a description of the tenor and terms of the
Security, a statement that the option to elect repayment is being exercised
thereby and a guarantee that the Security to be repaid, together with the duly
completed form entitled "Option to Elect Repayment" on the reverse of the
Security will be received by the Trustee not later than the fifth Business Day
after the date of such telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter;
provided, however, that such telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter
shall only be effective if such Security and form duly completed are received by
the Trustee by such fifth Business Day. If less than the entire principal amount
of such Security is to be repaid in accordance with the terms of such Security,
the principal amount of such Security to be repaid, in increments of the minimum
denomination for Securities of such series, and the denomination or
denominations of the Security or Securities to be issued to the Holder for the
portion of the principal amount of such Security surrendered that is not to be
repaid, must be specified. The principal amount of any Security providing for
repayment at the option of the Holder thereof may not be repaid in part if,
following such repayment, the unpaid principal amount of such Security would be
less than the minimum authorized denomination of Securities of the series of
which such Security to be repaid is a part. Except as otherwise may be provided
by the terms of any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder
thereof, exercise of the repayment option by the Holder shall be irrevocable
unless waived by the Company.

SECTION 1304. When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable. If
Securities of any series providing for repayment at the option of the Holders
thereof shall have been surrendered as provided in this Article and as provided
by or pursuant to the terms of such Securities, such Securities or the portions
thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid shall become due and payable and shall
be paid by the Company on the Repayment Date therein specified, and on and after
such Repayment Date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of such
Securities on such Repayment Date) such Securities shall, if the same were
interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest
appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be repaid, except to the extent
provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security or repayment
in accordance with such provisions, together with all coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto maturing after the Repayment Date, the principal amount of
such Security so to be repaid shall be paid by the Company, together with
accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date; provided, however, that coupons
whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable,
only at an office or agency located outside the United States (except as
otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of such coupons; and provided
further that, in the case of Registered Securities, installments of interest, if
any, whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable
(but without interest thereon, unless the Company shall default in the payment
thereof) to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor
Securities registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record
Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

                                      -69-
<PAGE>

      If any Bearer Security surrendered for repayment shall not be accompanied
by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Repayment Date, such security may
be paid after deducting from the amount payable therefor as provided in Section
1302 an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the
surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the
Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may
require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the
Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any
such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made as
provided in the preceding sentence, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the
amount so deducted; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons
shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States
(except as otherwise provided in Section 1002) and, unless otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of those
coupons.

      If the principal amount of any Security surrendered for repayment shall
not be so repaid upon surrender thereof, such principal amount (together with
interest, if any, thereon accrued to such Repayment Date) shall, until paid,
bear interest from the Repayment Date at the rate of interest or Yield to
Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such
Security.

SECTION 1305. Securities Repaid in Part. Upon surrender of any Registered
Security which is to be repaid in part only, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security, without
service charge and at the expense of the Company, a new Registered Security or
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination specified by the
Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the
portion of the principal of such Security so surrendered which is not to be
repaid.

                                ARTICLE FOURTEEN

                       DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1401. Applicability of Article; Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or
Covenant Defeasance. If, pursuant to Section 301, provision is made for either
or both of (a) defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under Section
1402 or (b) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under
Section 1403, then the provisions of such Section or Sections, as the case may
be, together with the other provisions of this Article (with such modifications
thereto as, may be specified pursuant to Section 301 with respect to any
Securities) shall be applicable to such Securities and any coupons appertaining
thereto, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time,
with respect to such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, elect to
have Section 1402 (if applicable) or Section 1403 (if applicable) be applied to
such Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto upon compliance
with the conditions set forth below in this Article.

SECTION 1402. Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company's exercise of the
above option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or
within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its
obligations with respect to such Outstanding

                                      -70-
<PAGE>

Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on the date the conditions set
forth in Section 1404 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this
purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities
and any coupons appertaining thereto, which shall thereafter be deemed to be
"Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 1405 and the other Sections of
this Indenture referred to in clauses (A) and (B) below, and to have satisfied
all of its other obligations under such Securities and any coupons appertaining
thereto and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same) except for the
following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
Section 1404 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities
and any coupons appertaining thereto when such payments are due, (B) the
Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 305, 306,
1002 and 1003 and with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on
such Securities as contemplated by Section 1010, (C) the rights, powers, trusts,
duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article. Subject to
compliance with this Article Fourteen, the Company may exercise its option under
this Section notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 1403
with respect to such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto.

SECTION 1403. Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company's exercise of the above
option applicable to this Section with respect to any Securities of or within a
series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under Sections 1004
to 1008, inclusive, Section 1011 and Section 1012, and, if specified pursuant to
Section 301, its obligations under any other covenant, with respect to such
Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on and after the
date the conditions set forth in Section 1404 are satisfied (hereinafter,
"covenant defeasance"), and such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto
shall thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the purposes of any
direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the
consequences of any thereof) in connection with Sections 1004 to 1008,
inclusive, Section 1011 or Section 1012, or such other covenant, but shall
continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this
purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding
Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto, the Company may omit to comply
with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation
set forth in any such Section or such other covenant, whether directly or
indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or
such other covenant or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other
covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such
omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under
Section 501(4) or 501(8) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as
specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 1404. Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The following
shall be the conditions to application of Section 1402 or Section 1403 to any
Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any coupons appertaining
thereto:

                                      -71-
<PAGE>

      (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited
with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 607
who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article Fourteen
applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any coupons appertaining
thereto, (1) an amount of money, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to
such Securities and coupons appertaining thereto which through the scheduled
payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities and
any coupons appertaining thereto, money in an amount, or (3) a combination
thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of any
reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which
shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and
discharge, (1) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on
such Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on the Stated
Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) any
mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such
Outstanding securities and any coupons appertaining thereto on the day on which
such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
and of such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto.

      (b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a breach or
violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other
material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it
is bound.

      (c) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time or
both would become an Event of Default with respect to such Securities and any
coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and be continuing on the date
of such deposit or, insofar as Sections 501(6) and 501(7) are concerned, at any
time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it
being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the
expiration of such period).

      (d) In the case of an election under Section 1402, the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (i) the Company has
received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a
ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a
change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect
that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such
Outstanding Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize
income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such
defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the
same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance
had not occurred.

      (e) In the case of an election under Section 1403, the Company shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of
such Outstanding Securities

                                      -72-
<PAGE>

and any coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for
Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be
subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the
same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not
occurred.

      (f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate and an opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent to the defeasance under Section 1402 or the covenant defeasance under
Section 1403 (as the case may be) have been complied with and an Opinion of
Counsel to the effect that either (i) as a result of a deposit pursuant to
subsection (a) above and the related exercise of the Company's option under
Section 1402 or Section 1403 (as the case may be), registration is not required
under the Investment Trust Act of 1940, as amended, by the Company, with respect
to the trust funds representing such deposit or by the Trustee for such trust
funds or (ii) all necessary registrations under said Act have been effected.

      (g) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section, such defeasance
or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or
substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may be imposed on the Company
in connection therewith pursuant to Section 301.

SECTION 1405. Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust;
Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph
of Section 1003, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may
be provided pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited
with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this
Section 1405, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1404 in respect of any
Outstanding Securities of any series and any coupons appertaining thereto shall
be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions
of such Securities and any coupons as pertaining thereto and this Indenture, to
the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of
such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest
and Additional Amounts, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other
funds except to the extent required by law.

      The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited
pursuant to Section 1404 or the principal and interest received in respect
thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the
account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any coupons
appertaining thereto.

      Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, subject to
Section 606, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time
upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and
any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 1404 which, in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in

                                      -73-
<PAGE>

excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with
this Article.

                                 ARTICLE FIFTEEN

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1501. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called. A meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series may be called at any time and from time to time
pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by
this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such
series.

SECTION 1502. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings. (a) The Trustee may at any
time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose
specified in Section 1501, to be held at such time and at such place in the
Borough of Manhattan, New York City, as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of
every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and
the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken
at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section 106, not less
than 21 nor more than 180 days or to the date fixed for the meeting.

      (b) In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution, or
the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of
Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 1501, by written
request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at
the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the
notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not
thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the
Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above
specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in the
Borough of Manhattan, New York City, for such meeting and may call such meeting
for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in subsection (a) of this
Section.

SECTION 1503. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meeting. To be entitled to vote at any
meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder
of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed
by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more
Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder or Holders. The only
Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of
Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons entitled to vote at
such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its
counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

SECTION 1504. Quorum; Action. The Persons entitled to vote a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a
quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however,
that if, any action is to be taken at such meeting

                                      -74-
<PAGE>

with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may
be given by the Holders of not less than a specified percentage in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote
such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30
minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if
convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved.
In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of
such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at the reconvening of any such
adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period
of not less than 10 days; at the reconvening of any meeting adjourned or further
adjourned for lack of a quorum, the persons entitled to vote .25% in the
aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time outstanding shall
constitute a quorum for the taking of any action set forth in the notice of the
original meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be
given as provided in Section 1502(a), except that such notice need be given only
once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled
to be reconvened.

      Except as limited by the proviso to Section 902, any resolution presented
to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present
as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the persons entitled to
vote a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
represented at such meeting; provided, however, that, except as limited by the
proviso to Section 902, any resolution with respect to any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this
Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a
specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned
meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of that series.

      Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be
binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related coupons,
whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

      Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1504, if any
action is to be taken at a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series with
respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action that this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given
or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of all
Outstanding Securities affected thereby, or of the Holders of such series and
one or more additional series:

      (i) there shall be no minimum quorum requirement for such meeting; and

      (ii) the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
that vote in favor of such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action shall be taken into account in determining
whether such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action has been made, given or taken under this Indenture.

                                      -75-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1505. Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of
Meetings.

      (a) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make
such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders
of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of
such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment
and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies,
certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters
concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as
otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of
Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104 and the
appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104
or by having the signature of the Person executing the proxy witnessed or
guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 104 to
certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that
written instruments appointing proxies regular on their face, may be presumed
valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 104 or other proof.

      (b) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing appoint a temporary
chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the
Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 1502(b), in which
case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting,
as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A
permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by
vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

      (c) At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall
be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no
vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security
challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not
Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as
a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

      (d) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called
pursuant to Section 1502 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time
to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting, and the
meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 1506. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings. The vote upon any
resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall
be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders
of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the
principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Securities of such
series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall
appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting
for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of
the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the
meeting. A record, at least in

                                      -76-
<PAGE>

duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any
Series shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be
attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any
vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having
knowledge of the fact, setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and
showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 1502 and, if
applicable, Section 1504. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the
affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such
copy shall be delivered to the Company and another to the Trustee to be
preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted
at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence
of the matters therein stated.

      This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

                                      -77-
<PAGE>

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.

                           SEMCO ENERGY INC.

                           By: /s/ William L. Johnson
                               -------------------------------------------------
                               William L. Johnson
                               Title: President and Chief Executive
                                      Officer

                           Attest:

                           /s/ Sherry L. Abbott
                           -----------------------------------------------------
                           Sherry L. Abbott
                           Title: Secretary

[SEAL OF NBD BANK]         NBD Bank,
                             as Trustee

                           By: /s/ Ernest J. Peck
                               -------------------------------------------------
                               Title: ERNEST J. PECK
                                      VICE PRESIDENT

                           Attest:

                           /s/ Monica M. Barbour
                           -----------------------------------------------------
                           Title: MONICA M. BARBOUR
                                  First Vice President and Legal Counsel

<PAGE>

STATE OF MICHIGAN               )
                                )   ss:
COUNTY OF ST CLAIR              )

On the 23rd day of October, 1998, before me personally came William L. Johnson,
to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he is the
President and Chief Executive Officer of SEMCO ENERGY INC., one of the parties
described in and which executed the foregoing instrument; and that he signed his
name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors.

                                           (Notarial Seal)

                                           /s/ Robert F. Boesiger
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           Notary Public
                                           COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                                    ROBERT F. BOESIGER
STATE OF MICHIGAN       )                  Notory Public, Wayns County, Michigan
                        )   ss:            My Commission Expires October 2, 2000
COUNTY OF WAYNE         )                  Acting in St Clair County

On the 23rd day of October, 1998, before me personally came ERNEST J. PECK to me
known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he is a VICE
PRESIDENT of NBD BANK, one of the parties described in and which executed the
foregoing instrument, and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the
Board of Directors.

                                           (Notarial Seal)

                                           /s/ Robert F. Boesiger
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           Notary Public
                                           COMMISSION EXPIRES

                                                    ROBERT F. BOESIGER
                                           Notory Public, Wayns County, Michigan
                                           My Commission Expires October 2, 2000
<PAGE>

                                    EXHIBIT A

                             FORMS OF CERTIFICATION

                                   EXHIBIT A-l

               FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY PERSON ENTITLED
                TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST
                       PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                   CERTIFICATE

(Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered)

      This is to certify that, as of the date hereof, and except as set forth
below, the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account (i) are owned
by person(s) that are not citizens or residents of the United States, domestic
partnerships, domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income of which
is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source
("United States person(s)"), (ii) are owned by United States person(s) that are
(a) foreign branches of United States financial institutions (financial
institutions, as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
1.165-12(c)(1)(v) are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing
for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired
the Securities through foreign branches of United States financial institutions
and who hold the Securities through such United States financial institutions on
the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such United States
financial institution hereby agrees, on its own behalf or through its agent,
that you may advise SEMCO Energy, Inc., or its agent that such financial
institution will comply with the requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or
(C) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the
regulations thereunder), or (iii) are owned by United States or foreign
financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted period (as
defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section 1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)),
and, in addition, if the owner is a United States or foreign financial
institution described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in
clause (i) or (ii)), this is to further certify that such financial institution
has not acquired the Securities for purposes of resale directly or Indirectly to
a United States person or to a person within the United States or its
possessions.

      As used herein, "United States" means the United States of America
(including the States and the District of Columbia); and its "possessions"
include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island
and the Northern Mariana Islands.

      We undertake to advise you promptly by tested telex on or prior to the
date on which you intend to submit your certification relating to the
above-captioned Securities held by you for our account in accordance with your
operating procedures if any applicable statement herein is not

                                      A-1-1
<PAGE>

correct on such date, and in the absence of any such notification it may be
assumed that this certification applies as of such date.

      This certificate excepts and does not relate to (U.S.$) of such interest
in the above-captioned Securities in respect of which we are not able to certify
and as to which we understand an exchange for an interest in a Permanent Global
Security or an exchange for and delivery of definitive Securities (or, if
relevant, collection of any interest) cannot be made until we do so certify.

We understand that this certificate may be required in connection with certain
tax legislation in the United States. If administrative or legal proceedings are
commenced or threatened in connection with which this certificate is or would be
relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy
thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:_________________________________19__

(To be dated no earlier than the 15th day
prior to (i) the Exchange Date or (ii) the
relevant Interest Payment Date occurring prior
to the Exchange Date, as applicable)

                                           (Name of Person Making Certification)

                                           _____________________________________
                                           (Authorized Signature)

                                           Name: _______________________________
                                           Title: ______________________________

                                      A-1-2
<PAGE>

                                   EXHIBIT A-2

                  FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EUROCLEAR
                AND CEDEL S.A. IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXCHANGE OF
                 A PORTION OF A TEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY OR TO
               OBTAIN INTEREST PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

                                   CERTIFICATE

(Insert title or sufficient description of Securities to be delivered)

      This is to certify that, based solely on written certifications that we
have received in writing, by tested telex or by electronic transmission from
each of the persons appearing in our records as persons entitled to a portion of
the principal amount set forth below (our "Member Organizations") substantially
in the form attached hereto, as of the date hereof, (U.S.$) ____________________
principal amount of the above-captioned Securities (i) is owned by person(s)
that are not citizens or residents of the United States, domestic partnerships,
domestic corporations or any estate or trust the income of which is subject to
United States Federal income taxation regardless of its source ("United States
person(s)"), (ii) is owned by United States person(s) that are (a) foreign
branches of United States financial institutions (financial institutions, as
defined in U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(v) are herein
referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing for their own account or for
resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired the Securities through
foreign branches of United States financial institutions and who hold the
Securities through such United States financial institutions on the date hereof
(and in either case (a) or (b), each such financial institution has agreed, on
its own behalf or through its agent, that we may advise SEMCO Energy, Inc. or
its agent that such financial institution will comply with the requirements of
Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) is owned by United States or
foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted
period (as defined in United States Treasury Regulations Section
1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, to the further effect, that financial institutions
described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in clause (i) or
(ii)) have certified that they have not acquired the Securities for purposes of
resale directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within
the United States or its possessions.

      As used herein, "United States" means the United States of America
(including the States and the District of Columbia); and its "possessions"
include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island
and the Northern Mariana Islands.

      We further certify that (i) we are not making available herewith for
exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) any portion of the
temporary global Security representing the above-captioned Securities excepted
in the above referenced certificates of Member organizations and (ii) as of the
date hereof we have not received any notification from any of our Member
Organizations to the effect that the statements made by such Member
Organizations

                                      A-2-1
<PAGE>

with respect to any portion of the part submitted herewith for exchange (or, if
relevant, collection of any interest) are no longer true and cannot be relied
upon as of the date hereof.

      We understand that this certification is required in connection with
certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative or legal
proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this
certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce
this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

Dated:_______________________________ 19_

      (To be dated no earlier than the Exchange Date or the relevant Interest
Payment Date occurring prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable)

                                           (Morgan Guaranty Trust of New York,
                                           Brussels Office,) as Operator of the
                                           Euroclear System or Cedel S.A.)

                                           By:__________________________________

DETROIT 15245-17 380662

                                      A-2-2