IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

October 25, 2007 Session

STATE OF TENNESSEE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN’S SERVICES, v.

C.W. and J.C.W., IN THE MATTER OF: C.W. (DOB 04/21/99) and J.W.

(DOB 02/22/02), Children Less than Eighteen Years of Age 

Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Campbell County

Nos. 06-105 & 06-106 Hon. Billy Joe White, Chancellor

No. E2007-00561-COA-R3-PT - FILED NOVEMBER 29, 2007

The Trial Court terminated the parental rights of the parents of the two minor children. On appeal,

we affirm.

Tenn. R. App. P.3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed.

HERSCHEL PICKENS FRANKS,P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in whichCHARLES D.SUSANO,

JR., J., and SHARON G. LEE, J., joined.

Thomas J. Tabor, Jr., Tazewell, Tennessee, for appellants.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter, and

Lauren S. Lamberth, Assistant Attorney General, Nashville, Tennessee, for appellee.

OPINION

On August 11, 2006, the petitioner filed Petitions to Terminate Parental Rights

against C.W. and J.C.W., regarding their minor children, C.W., d.o.b. 4/21/99, and J.W., d.o.b.

2/22/02. The Petitions alleged the children had been in custody since January 24, 2005, and that the

parents had abandoned the children, had failed to provide a suitable home, had failed to substantially

comply with their permanency plan, and that the conditions leading to removal still existed. Further,

that it was in the children’s best interests to terminate the parental rights of both parents, so that the

children could be adopted. 
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Counsel for the parents was appointed, along with a guardian ad litem for the

children.

The parentsfiled an Answer to the Petition, denying that grounds existed to terminate

their parental rights, and denying that termination was in the children’s best interests. 

The Trial Court conducted a trial and numerous witnesses testified, including

witnesses from the Department of Children’s Services, the respondents, and members of the

respondents’ extended family.

Following the evidentiary hearing, the Trial Court entered an Order terminating the

parents’ parental rights, finding by clear and convincing evidence that grounds for termination

existed pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-113(g)(1) and §36-1-102(1)(A)(ii). The Court found that

despite reasonable efforts by the Department of Children’s Services, the parents had made no

reasonable effort to provide a suitable home for the children, and had demonstrated a lack of concern

for the children to such a degree that it appeared unlikely that they would be able to provide a

suitable home in the future. The Court found that the mother had been gone for periods of time

when she would live with boyfriends and not see the children, that the parents had recently said they

would divorce, but now said they intended to stay together. The Court said that it would be

detrimental for the children to “enter the parents’ lifestyle which is extremely unstable as evidenced

by the incident of December 17, 2006, when the mother kicked in the door of the parents’ home and

was arrested.” The Court found that the mother was currently in jail after being arrested following

that incident, and that the parents had made very few changes since the children had come into

custody. 

The Court found the children had been removed for more than six months, that the

conditions which led to their removal still persisted, and that the conditions were such that the

children would likely be subject to further abuse/neglect in the future if they were returned to the

parents. The Court found that there was a long history of drug use which had not been sufficiently

addressed, and that the parents’ situations were the same as at the time of removal or worse, since

the mother was incarcerated. 

 

The Court found the testimony of the grandmother, Ms. Miller, “especially

compelling regarding the drug use of the parents and domestic violence in their home”, as well as

the testimony regarding the change in the children since they had been in foster care, and that they

were now “clean, happy, and disciplined”. Further, the Court found the testimony of the mother’s

half-brother, Mr. Miller, to be compelling regarding the tremendous neglect of the children prior to

their removal, and the positive changes since they had been out of their parents’ care. 

 

Finally, the Court found that the parents had failed to substantially comply with the

plan of care, had not taken the removal seriously, and had not evidenced the effort needed to rear the

children. The Court found that termination was also in the children’s best interests, and that the
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children were happy in their foster placement and much better off there. 

Respondents have appealed, raising these issues:

1. Whether there was clear and convincing evidence proving grounds for

termination?

2. Whether there was clear and convincing evidence that termination was in the

children’s best interests?

3. Whether the Trial Court erred in not considering the guardian ad litem’s

remarks that he could not say that termination was in the children’s best

interests?

4. Whether the Trial Court violated the doctrine of prior suit pending by

allowing the Petition to go forward in Chancery court while the respondents

were engaged in other proceedings regarding the children in Juvenile court?

The Trial Court found there was clear and convincing evidence that grounds for

termination existed, based on Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-113, and that grounds existed due to failure

to provide a suitable home, failure to comply with the permanency plans, and that the children had

been removed from the home for a period of more than six months and the conditions that led to the

removal still persisted. Also that there was little likelihood that these conditions would be remedied

at an early date, and that continuation of the parent and child relationship greatly diminished the

children's chances of early integration into a safe, stable home. See Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-113.

As this Court has recognized:

Termination of a person's rights as a parent is a grave and final decision, irrevocably

altering the lives of the parent and child involved and "severing forever all legal

rights and obligations" of the parent. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(l )(1). Because

of its consequences, which affect fundamental constitutional rights, courts apply a

higher standard of proof when adjudicating termination cases. See O'Daniel v.

Messier, 905 S.W.2d 182, 186 (Tenn. Ct. App.1995). To justify the termination of

parental rights, the grounds for termination, and the fact that termination is in the best

interests of the child, must be established by clear and convincing evidence. See

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(c) (Supp.2000); State Dep't of Human Servs. v.

Defriece, 937 S.W.2d 954, 960 (Tenn. Ct. App.1996). "This heightened standard

serves to prevent the unwarranted termination or interference with the biological

parents' rightsto their children." In re M.W.A., 980 S.W.2d 620, 622 (Tenn. Ct. App.

1998).

The "clear and convincing evidence" standard defies precise definition. 
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While it is more exacting than the preponderance of the evidence standard, it does

not require such certainty as the beyond a reasonable doubt standard. Clear and

convincing evidence eliminates any serious or substantial doubt concerning the

correctness of the conclusions to be drawn from the evidence. It should produce in

the fact-finder's mind a firm belief or conviction with regard to the truth of the

allegations sought to be established.

O'Daniel, 905 S.W.2d at 188 (citations omitted).

Means v. Ashby, 130 S.W.3d 48, 54-55 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003).

In this case, clear and convincing evidence was offered, proving all of the above

grounds. Most compelling was the proof that the conditions leading to the children’s removal two

years before trial still persisted. The children were removed due to the domestic violence between

the parents. There is evidence that the parents were abusing drugs, and failed to properly supervise

the children. The mother was incarcerated at the time of trial on domestic violence charges and

violation of probation. The parents’ lengthy criminal records were filed with the Court which

showed other criminal charges since the removal of the children.

There was evidence that the parties still abused drugs, and the father admitted that

he had taken more of his prescription medication than prescribed, and he admitted that he had abused

over-the-counter speed after the children’s removal, and had failed drug tests. The mother had been

arrested in November 2005 and charged with possession of narcotics, and admitted to failing a few

drug screens, including the most recent in October 2006 with her parole officer. 

The proof was replete with examples of how the parents had made bad choices in

their lives after the children were removed, which demonstrates that the conditions leading to

removal still persisted, or were unlikely to be remedied any time soon.

There was clear and convincing proof that the parents had failed to substantially

comply with the permanency plans, that they had failed to provide a suitable home, constituting

abandonment under Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-102 and Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-102(1)(A)(ii). As the

petitioner points out, a suitable home requires more than a proper physical living location, and these

parents have not provided a suitable home for these children due to the drug and domestic violence

issues that have plagued them for years, and continue to do so, as demonstrated at trial. We affirm

the Trial Court’s Judgment in finding that clear and convincing evidence existed as to all the grounds

relied upon in terminating the parents’ parental rights.

The Trial Court found by clear and convincing evidence that termination of these

parents’ rights was also in the children’s best interests. In making such a determination, the Court

is required to consider the factors set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-113(I). 

In this case, the evidence established that the parents had not made such an
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adjustment of circumstances to make it safe and in the children’s best interests to be in their home,

and had failed to effect a lasting adjustment after reasonable efforts by available social services,

such that a lasting adjustment did not seem reasonably possible.

The mother and father argued that the Trial Court did not make specific findings of

the best interests analysis, but the Court’s Memorandum Opinion and a subsequent Order show

otherwise. The Trial Court made specific findings and found that clear and convincing evidence

existed to demonstrate that the best interests of the children would be served by terminating the

parents’ rights.

Next, the parents argue that the Trial Court erred in failing to consider the guardian

ad litem’s recommendation in this case. A review of his statement shows that he essentially made

no recommendation, admitting that in the past he had beseeched the Department to file a termination

petition, and then admitted that he had seen some progress from the parents. However, he described

the decision as a “hard call” and stated the Court would have to decide the issues. This issue is

without merit.

Finally, the parents argue that the Court should not have heard the termination action,

because dependency/neglect proceedings were already pending in Juvenile court. We have

previously held that even if dependency and neglect proceedings were filed in Juvenile court, the

Chancery courts have concurrent jurisdiction on proceedings to terminate parental rights, and

therefore subject matter jurisdiction to hear the termination case. Tenn. DHS v. Tate, 1995 WL

138858 (Tenn. Ct. App. Mar. 31, 1995); In re: HNK, 2006 WL 1641359 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 13,

2006). This issue is also without merit.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Judgment of the Chancery Court and remand,

with the cost of the cause assessed the parents.

______________________________

HERSCHEL PICKENS FRANKS, P.J.