# Patent

## Title
Motor speed control circuit

## Abstract

A motor speed control circuit which controls a rotational speed of a motor by controlling an amount of current flowing through a drive coil of the motor. The control circuit comprises a reference voltage circuit that generates a reference voltage corresponding to a speed-specifying signal inputted to specify the rotational speed of the motor; a speed voltage circuit that generates a speed voltage corresponding to an actual rotational speed of the motor; a clamp circuit that limits the level of the speed voltage generated by the speed voltage circuit; a comparator that has the reference voltage generated by the reference voltage circuit and the speed voltage limited in level by the clamp circuit applied thereto and compares the two; and a control signal generator that generates and outputs a control signal for controlling the amount of current flowing through the drive coil based on the comparing result of the comparator.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-252790 filed on Aug. 31, 2005, which is herein incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a motor speed control circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various electronic apparatuses have an exothermic body that generates heat when the electronic apparatus operates. To cool this exothermic body, a fan motor is usually provided. For example, in personal computers, servers and the like, the operating frequencies of the CPUs become increasingly high year by year causing the heat values of the CPUs to increase. Accordingly, a fan motor for cooling the CPU and a motor driver to drive the fan motor is usually provided in personal computers, servers and the like.
As a speed control method for fan motors, a speed servo control method has been proposed which has a PWM drive method combined therewith as shown, e.g., in FIG. 10 (refer, for example, to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-204692).
To describe in detail, a rotational speed detection signal obtained from a pulse generator PG of a motor 1 is supplied to an operational amplifier 7 for generating a speed voltage. The output of this operational amplifier 7 is integrated by an RC filter circuit to produce a direct-current speed voltage VV, which is applied to the inverting input terminal of a comparator 9. Furthermore, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal set by a CPU 5 is supplied to an operational amplifier 6 for generating a reference voltage. The PWM signal sets the rotational speed of the motor 1 via its duty ratio. The output of the operational amplifier 6 is integrated by an RC filter circuit to produce a direct-current reference voltage VR, which is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 9.
The comparator 9 compares the speed voltage VV applied to the inverting input terminal and the reference voltage VR applied to the non-inverting input terminal, and produces and outputs a control signal VC as the comparing result. A motor driver 11 causes the amount of current corresponding to the control signal VC from the comparator 9 to flow through the drive coil of the motor 1 thereby controlling the rotational speed of the motor 1. Furthermore, a hall element 13 is provided for the stator of the motor 1, and the motor driver 11 controls the rotational direction of the motor 1 by switching the direction of the current flowing through the drive coil of the motor 1 on the basis of the hall element output of the hall element 13 indicating the detected position of the rotor.
As such, in order to perform speed servo control of the fan motor, as shown, e.g., in FIG. 10, there is provided circuitry that is equivalent to the operational amplifier 7 that generates the speed voltage VV indicating the detected, actual rotational speed of the motor 1, the operational amplifier 6 that generates the reference voltage VR of a level according to a motor rotational speed-specifying signal such as the PWM signal, and the comparator 9 that compares the speed voltage VV supplied from the operational amplifier 7 and the reference voltage VR supplied from the operational amplifier 6.
The configuration of the operational amplifiers 6, 7, as shown in FIG. 10 has a complementary push-pull circuit provided at the last stage for output, in which two bipolar transistors complementarily switching on/off are connected in series with a bias voltage VREG applied thereto. That is, in the operational amplifier 6, a complementary push-pull circuit of a PNP transistor T1 and an NPN transistor T2 is provided at the last stage for output, and in the operational amplifier 7, a complementary push-pull circuit of a PNP transistor T3 and an NPN transistor T4 is provided at the last stage for output.
The problem of the prior art will be explained below using as an example the case where the motor speed control system shown in FIG. 10 accelerates/decelerates the motor 1 according to the logic shown in FIG. 11. The logic of the motor driver 11 is as follows. When the reference voltage VR is lower in level than the speed voltage VV and thus the control signal VC output from the comparator 9 is at a Low level, the motor driver 11 accelerates the motor 1. On the other hand, when the reference voltage VR is higher in level than the speed voltage VV and thus the control signal VC output from the comparator 9 is at a High level, the motor driver 11 decelerates the motor 1.
As described above, the operational amplifiers 6, 7 have a complementary push-pull circuit provided at the last stage for output, in which two bipolar transistors complementarily switching on/off are connected in series with the bias voltage VREG applied thereto. Hence, the output voltage of the operational amplifiers 6, 7 is supposed to range from the bias voltage VREG to ground voltage GND. However, the above complementary push-pull circuit reduces the output voltage range of the operational amplifiers 6, 7 by a collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat).
Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 12, the reference voltage VR for when stopping the motor 1 is set lower by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of PNP transistor T1 of the operational amplifier 6 than the bias voltage VREG. Moreover, the reference voltage VR for when running the motor 1 at full speed is set higher by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of NPN transistor T2 of the operational amplifier 6 than ground voltage GND.
In such a situation, consider the case where the rotational speed of the motor 1 is being lowered on the basis of the reference voltage VR for when stopping the motor 1 and thereby the level of the speed voltage VV is ascending. When the rotational speed detection signal is not produced by the pulse generator PG because the motor 1 has stopped, the speed voltage VV finally settles to be lower by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of PNP transistor T3 of the operational amplifier 7 than the bias voltage VREG. Here, it is known that although they are of the same type in transistor characteristics, PNP transistor T1 of the operational amplifier 6 and PNP transistor T3 of the operational amplifier 7 vary in collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) depending on temperature, production process, or the like. This variation may cause the speed voltage VV to rise above the reference voltage VR. In this case, the problem occurs that the motor driver 11 accelerates the motor 1 according to the logic shown in FIG. 11, although being instructed to stop the motor 1.
Furthermore, in such a situation, consider the case where the rotational speed of the motor 1 is being raised on the basis of the reference voltage VR for when running the motor 1 at full speed and thereby the level of the speed voltage VV is descending. The speed voltage VV finally settles to be higher by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of NPN transistor T4 of the operational amplifier 7 than ground voltage GND. Here, the difference in collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) between NPN transistor T2 of the operational amplifier 6 and NPN transistor T4 of the operational amplifier 7 may cause the speed voltage VV to go below the reference voltage VR. In this case, the problem occurs that the motor driver 11 decelerates the motor 1 according to the logic shown in FIG. 11, although being instructed to run the motor 1 at full speed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a main aspect of the present invention to solve the above problem, there is provided a motor speed control circuit which controls a rotational speed of a motor by controlling an amount of current flowing through a drive coil of the motor. The control circuit comprises a reference voltage circuit that generates a reference voltage corresponding to a speed-specifying signal inputted to specify the rotational speed of the motor; a speed voltage circuit that generates a speed voltage corresponding to an actual rotational speed of the motor; a clamp circuit that limits a level of the speed voltage generated by the speed voltage circuit; a comparator that has the reference voltage generated by the reference voltage circuit and the speed voltage limited in level by the clamp circuit applied thereto and compares the two; and a control signal generator that generates and outputs a control signal for controlling the amount of current flowing through the drive coil based on the comparing result of the comparator.
According to the present invention, there is provided a motor speed control circuit having improved accuracy in controlling motor speed.
Features and objects of the present invention other than the above will become clear by reading the description of the present specification with reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a motor speed control system according to one implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an FG output circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a reference voltage circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a speed voltage circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the waveforms of main signals of an edge detector and the speed voltage circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a lower clamp circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an upper clamp circuit according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a comparator and a control signal generator according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the operation of a motor speed control IC according to the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a conventional motor speed control system;
FIG. 11 is for explaining conventional motor speed control; and
FIG. 12 is for explaining the conventional motor speed control.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
At least the following matters will be made clear by the explanation in the present specification and the description of the accompanying drawings.
<Motor Speed Control System>
An example of the configuration of a motor speed control system according to the present invention will be described based on FIG. 1 with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9 as needed.
The motor speed control system of FIG. 1 comprises a motor 100 to be controlled, a motor drive IC 200 (a first circuit of the invention), and a motor speed control IC 300 (a second circuit of the invention). That is, in this case, a motor speed control circuit according to the present invention comprises two chips of the one-chip integrated motor drive IC 200 and the one-chip integrated motor speed control IC 300. Note that the motor speed control circuit according to the present invention may be one chip into which the motor drive IC 200 and the motor speed control IC 300 are integrated.
The motor 100 is a so-called single-phase motor having a drive coil for a single phase, and further is a so-called hall motor having a hall element 110 fixed to its stator. The motor 100 is not limited to a single-phase hall motor, but a so-called three-phase hall motor having drive coils for three phases connected to be shaped like a star, a so-called sensor-less motor without a magnetic sensor such as the hall element 110, or the like can be adopted as the motor 100. The application of the motor 100 includes, for example, a fan motor for cooling a CPU mounted in a personal computer, a server or the like.
The hall element 110 generates rotational position detection signals S1, S2 which are shaped like a sine wave and opposite in phase to each other while the rotor of the motor 100 is rotating. The rotational position detection signals S1, S2 are a signal which renders the rotational position of the rotor detectable and whose frequency is proportional to the rotational speed of the motor 100. The rotational position detection signals S1, S2 output from the hall element 110 are input to IN+ and IN− terminals of the motor drive IC 200 respectively. The IN+ terminal is connected to the non-inverting input of a hall amplifier 230 inside the motor drive IC 200, and the IN− terminal is connected to the inverting input of the hall amplifier 230.
The motor drive IC 200 is an integrated circuit that drives the motor 100, and has terminals OUT1 and OUT2 that are connected to both ends of the drive coil of the motor 100; the IN+ and IN− terminals to which are input the rotational position detection signals S1, S2 from the hall element 110; a VI terminal to which is input a control signal VC from a VO terminal of the motor speed control IC 300; and an FGO terminal which outputs an FG signal to an FGI terminal of the motor speed control IC 300. The motor drive IC 200 comprises a controller 210, a pre-driver 220, the hall amplifier 230, and an FG output circuit 240.
The controller 210 controls the rotational speed of the motor 100 by varying the amount of current flowing through the drive coil of the motor 100 on the basis of the control signal VC input to the VI terminal of the motor drive IC 200 from the VO terminal of the motor speed control IC 300. Furthermore, the controller 210 generates switching control signals D1, D2 for controlling the switching of the direction of the current through the drive coil of the motor 100, based on the output HOUT of the hall amplifier 230.
The pre-driver 220 together with the drive coil of the motor 100 connected to the terminals OUT1 and OUT2 of the motor drive IC 200 constitutes a so-called H bridge circuit, where two transistor pairs that complementarily switch on/off and the drive coil are connected to be shaped like a letter H. The pre-driver 220 switches the direction of the current through the drive coil of the motor 100 by complementarily turning on/off the two transistor pairs of the H bridge circuit on the basis of the switching control signals D1, D2 supplied from the controller 210.
The hall amplifier 230 generates and outputs a hall amp output HOUT as a result of amplifying the differential of the rotational position detection signals S1, S2 from the hall element 110. The hall amp output HOUT is supplied to the controller 210 and the FG output circuit 240.
The FG output circuit 240 generates and outputs the FG signal having a frequency corresponding to the actual rotational speed of the motor 100 based on the hall amp output HOUT from the hall amplifier 230. That is, the hall amp output HOUT indicates the rotational position of the rotor actually detected. Hence, intervals at which the predetermined position of the rotor is detected can be monitored via the hall amp output HOUT. Thus, the FG output circuit 240 generates the FG signal having a frequency corresponding to the actual rotational speed of the motor 100 based on the detection intervals for the predetermined position of the rotor, monitored via the hall amp output HOUT. The FG signal is input to the FGI terminal of the motor speed control IC 300 via the FGO terminal of the motor drive IC 200.
An implementation of the circuit configuration of the FG output circuit 240 will be described based on FIG. 2.
The hall amp output HOUT from the hall amplifier 230 is supplied to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q10. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q10 is connected to a current source I10 and to the base electrode of an NPN transistor Q11. The NPN transistor Q11 has its collector electrode connected to a resistor R10 and its emitter electrode connected to a resistor R11 and to an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q12. The FG signal is output through the FGO terminal connected to the collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q12.
In this configuration of the FG output circuit 240, if the hall amp output HOUT is at a High (H) level logically, the NPN transistor Q10 turns on thereby pulling the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q11 toward ground voltage, so that the NPN transistor Q11 turns off. Hence, the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q12 is pulled to ground voltage via a resistor R11, thereby turning off the NPN transistor Q12. Thus, in this case, the FG signal becomes the H level logically. On the other hand, if the hall amp output HOUT is at a Low (L) level logically, the NPN transistors operate in ways opposite to the above, thereby turning on the NPN transistor Q12. Thus, in this case, the FG signal becomes the L level logically. As such, the FG signal emerges as a pulse signal that corresponds in logical level and frequency to the hall amp output HOUT.
The motor speed control IC 300 has a CTL terminal to which is input a speed-specifying signal from a CPU 400 and an RC terminal to which is externally connected a smoothing capacitor Cl for smoothing the speed-specifying signal. The motor speed control IC 300 further has the FGI terminal to which is input the FG signal from the FGO terminal of the motor drive IC 200; the VO terminal which outputs the control signal VC to the VI terminal of the motor drive IC 200; and an FB terminal through which the control signal VC output from the VO terminal is fed back to the inverting input of a comparator 340 via a capacitor C2. The motor speed control IC 300 further has a reference voltage circuit 310, an edge detector 320, a speed voltage circuit 330, a lower clamp circuit 331, an upper clamp circuit 332, the comparator 340, and a control signal generator 350.
The reference voltage circuit 310 generates and outputs a reference voltage VR having a level corresponding to the speed-specifying signal input to the CTL terminal.
Here, an implementation of the circuit configuration of the reference voltage circuit 310 will be described based on FIG. 3.
This is the case where the CTL terminal is connected communication-feasibly to the CPU 400 that controls the entire motor speed control system overall. A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal set by the CPU 400 is input as the speed-specifying signal to the CTL terminal. Note that the PWM signal sets the rotational speed of the motor 100 via its duty ratio. Moreover, the smoothing capacitor C1 is connected to the RC terminal and together with a resistor R3 forms an RC filter circuit.
A transistor pair of PNP transistors Q1, Q2 have their emitter electrodes connected in common and to a current source I1. The PWM signal from the CTL terminal is supplied to the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q1, and a referenced voltage VREF, produced by division of a bias voltage VREG between resistors R1 and R2 connected in series, is applied to the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q2. The collector and base electrodes of the PNP transistor Q2 are short-circuited to form a diode and connected to an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q3. The base electrode of the NPN transistor Q3 is connected to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q4 so that the NPN transistors Q3 and Q4 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q4 is connected to a current source I2 and to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q5. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q5 is connected to a current source I3 and to a diode-connected, emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q6. The base electrode of the NPN transistor Q6 is connected to the base electrode of an NPN transistor Q7 so that the NPN transistors Q6 and Q7 form a so-called current-mirror circuit. The NPN transistor Q7 is connected in series to a PNP transistor Q8 having its base electrode connected to a current source I4. Note that the transistor size N2 of the PNP transistor Q8 is set greater than the transistor size N1 of the NPN transistor Q7 and that the NPN transistor Q7 is higher in capability of sinking a current. The connection point of the PNP transistor Q8 and the NPN transistor Q7 is connected to the resistor R3. A pulsed voltage VX at the connection point of the PNP transistor Q8 and the NPN transistor Q7 is smoothed by an RC filter circuit consisting of the resistor R3 and the smoothing capacitor C. The smoothed pulsed voltage VX is taken out as the reference voltage VR.
In this configuration of the reference voltage circuit 310, if the PWM signal is at the L level logically and lower in level than the referenced voltage VREF, the PNP transistor Q1 turns on such that a greater current flows through the PNP transistor Q1 than through the PNP transistor Q2, and thus the NPN transistors Q3, Q4 turn off. As a result, a current from the current source I2 flows into the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q5 turning on, and the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q6 is pulled toward ground voltage via the NPN transistor Q5. Thus, the NPN transistors Q6, Q7 turn off and the PNP transistor Q8 becomes ON. Hence, the pulsed voltage VX is pulled toward the bias voltage VREG and becomes the H level. This pulsed voltage VX is smoothed by the RC filter circuit consisting of the resistor R3 and the smoothing capacitor C to produce the reference voltage VR.
On the other hand, if the PWM signal is at the H level logically and higher in level than the referenced voltage VREF, the transistors operate in ways opposite to the above, thereby turning on the PNP transistor Q8 and the NPN transistor Q7. Note that since the NPN transistor Q7 is higher in capability of sinking a current than the PNP transistor Q8, the pulsed voltage VX is pulled toward ground voltage and becomes the L level logically. This pulsed voltage VX is smoothed by the RC filter circuit consisting of the resistor R3 and the smoothing capacitor C to produce the reference voltage VR.
In this way, the reference voltage circuit 310 converts the PWM signal input to the CTL terminal into the pulsed voltage VX having a voltage swing of from the bias voltage VREG to ground voltage. And the reference voltage circuit 310 has the RC filter circuit of the resistor R3 and the smoothing capacitor C smooth the pulsed voltage VX to output a direct-current voltage corresponding to the duty ratio of the PWM signal as the reference voltage VR.
The relationship between the PWM signal and the reference voltage VR is that when the PWM signal is at the L level logically, the reference voltage VR becomes high, and when the PWM signal is at the H level logically, the reference voltage VR becomes low. Hence, if the on-duty of the PWM signal is set greater to accelerate the motor 100, the reference voltage VR becomes low, and if the on-duty of the PWM signal is set smaller to decelerate the motor 100, the reference voltage VR becomes high. In other words, when the reference voltage VR generated by the reference voltage circuit 310 is at the H level logically, the motor 100 is being decelerated, and when the reference voltage VR is at the L level logically, the motor 100 is being accelerated. Needless to say, the relationship between the PWM signal and the reference voltage VR may be set to be the opposite in high/low.
The FG signal input from the FGO terminal to the FGI terminal is supplied to the edge detector 320. The edge detector 320 detects both edges in the FG signal and in response thereto, produces and outputs an edge signal ED having a narrower pulse width than that of the FG signal ((a) and (b) of FIG. 5).
The edge signal ED output from the edge detector 320 is supplied to the speed voltage circuit 330. Here, the frequency of the edge signal ED is corresponding to the rotational speed of the motor 100. Hence, the speed voltage circuit 330 produces a speed voltage VV1 corresponding to the rotational speed of the motor 100 based on the edge signal ED.
Here, an implementation of the circuit configuration of the speed voltage circuit 330 will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
The series connection of a resistor R21 and a capacitor C21 has the bias voltage VREG applied thereto, and an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q20 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C21. The edge signal ED is supplied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q20.
A transistor pair of PNP transistors Q21, Q22 has both emitter electrodes connected in common and to a current source I21. A charge/discharge voltage V1 of the capacitor C21 is applied to the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q21, and a divided voltage V2 produced by division of the bias voltage VREG between resistors R22 and R23, R24 connected in series is applied to the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q22. The collector electrodes of the transistor pair of PNP transistors Q21, Q22 are connected to a so-called current-mirror circuit consisting of an NPN transistor Q23 and a diode-connected NPN transistor Q24. The base electrode of the PNP transistor Q21 is connected to the emitter electrode of an NPN transistor Q26 having its collector grounded and the divided voltage V2 applied to its base electrode.
The connection point of the PNP transistor Q21 and the NPN transistor Q23 is connected to an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q25. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q25 is connected to a current source I22, to an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q27 connected in parallel with a resistor R24, and to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q28. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q28 is connected to a constant current source I23 and to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q29. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q29 is connected to a constant current source I24. The pulsed, speed voltage VV1 is output from the connection point of the constant current source I24 and the NPN transistor Q29.
In this configuration of the speed voltage circuit 330, when the edge detector 320 is not detecting an edge of the FG signal and thus the edge signal ED supplied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q20 is at the L level, the NPN transistor Q20 is OFF and thus the capacitor C21 is charged. If the charge/discharge voltage V1 applied to the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q21 is higher than the divided voltage V2 by the series connection of the resistors R22, R23, R24, a smaller current flows through the PNP transistor Q21 than through the PNP transistor Q22. Thus, the NPN transistor Q25 turns toward being off; the NPN transistor Q28 turns toward being on; and the NPN transistor Q29 turns toward being off. Thus, the speed voltage VV1 is pulled toward the bias voltage VREG and becomes the H level logically (see (b), (c) of FIG. 5).
On the other hand, where the edge detector 320 is detecting an edge of the FG signal and thus the edge signal ED supplied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q20 is at the H level, the transistors operate in ways opposite to the above and thereby the NPN transistor Q29 turns toward being on. Thus, the speed voltage VV is pulled toward ground voltage and becomes the L level logically (see (b), (c) of FIG. 5).
The L width (width of the L level) of the speed voltage VV1 corresponding to an edge of the FG signal detected is decided by an RC time constant of the resistor R21 and the capacity C21. Thus, the L width of the speed voltage VV1 is constant as long as the RC time constant is fixed even when the rotational speed of the motor 100 varies. However, the pulse period of the speed voltage VV1 varies because the pulse period of the FG signal and thus that of the edge signal ED vary with the rotational speed of the motor 100. Hence, a DC voltage produced by integrating the speed voltage VV1 varies with the rotational speed of the motor 100. For example, when the rotational speed of the motor 100 is higher, the pulse period of the FG signal is shorter, and the L width per period of the speed voltage VV1 is greater, thus lowering the DC voltage produced by integrating the speed voltage VV1. On the other hand, when the rotational speed of the motor 100 is lower, the pulse period of the FG signal is longer, and the L width per period of the speed voltage VV1 is smaller, thus raising the DC voltage produced by integrating the speed voltage VV1.
The lower clamp circuit 331 and the upper clamp circuit 332 are clamp circuits that, while the speed voltage circuit 330 applies the speed voltage VV1 to the comparator 340, limit the level of the speed voltage VV1 depending on the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310. Note that the speed voltage VV1 supplied from the speed voltage circuit 330 to the lower and upper clamp circuits 331, 332 is the DC voltage produced by integrating the pulsed, speed voltage VV1. Hereinafter, the speed voltage VV1 whose level has been limited by the lower and upper clamp circuits 331, 332 is called a clamped voltage VV2.
The lower clamp circuit 331 restricts the lower limit of the speed voltage VV1 to be at or above the lower limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310.
Here, FIG. 6 shows an implementation of the lower clamp circuit 331.
In the lower clamp circuit 331, between the bias voltage VREG and ground voltage GND, there is provided a series connection of a resistor R60, a diode-connected PNP transistor Q60 (where the collector and base electrodes are short-circuited), an NPN transistor Q61 to whose base electrode a constant bias voltage from a constant voltage circuit 333 is applied all the time, and a resistor R61. The bias voltage VREG is applied to this series connection. As a result, divided voltages of the bias voltage VREG according to their resistances occur across the resistors R60 and R61; a forward voltage VF occurs from the collector electrode (cathode) to the emitter electrode (anode) of the PNP transistor Q60; and a collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE constant all the time occurs across the NPN transistor Q61. Hereinafter, the voltage at the connection point 335 of the collector electrodes of the PNP transistor Q60 and the NPN transistor Q61 is called a lower clamp voltage VL.
The lower clamp circuit 331 further has an NPN transistor Q62 of which the lower clamp voltage VL of the connection point 335 is applied to the base electrode, the speed voltage VV1 from the speed voltage circuit 330 is applied via an applying line 339 to the emitter electrode, and the bias voltage VREG is applied to the collector electrode. Note that the NPN transistors Q60, Q61 have both base electrodes connected in common and form a so-called current-mirror circuit. The voltage at the connection point 336 of the emitter electrode of the NPN transistor Q62 and the applying line 339 for the speed voltage VV1 becomes the clamped voltage VR2 subject to lower restriction under a condition.
In the configuration of the lower clamp circuit 331, if the speed voltage VV1 and thus the voltage at the connection point 336 are relatively high, the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the NPN transistor Q62 is below the threshold voltage, so that the NPN transistor Q62 remains off. In this case, the speed voltage VV1 is output, as it is, as the clamped voltage VR2 without restriction.
On the other hand, as the speed voltage VV1 and thus the voltage at the connection point 336 approach ground voltage GND, the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the NPN transistor Q62 becomes higher than the threshold voltage, and the NPN transistor Q62 turns on. At this time, the voltage at the connection point 336 is higher by the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the NPN transistor Q51 than the lower clamp voltage VL of the connection point 313 and is output as the clamped voltage VR2.
Note that the forward voltage VF of the PNP transistor Q60 and the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the NPN transistor Q62 are of the same characteristic and are opposite in direction, so that they approximately cancel out. Furthermore, the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE of the NPN transistor Q61 can be considered constant. Hence, the clamped voltage VR2 coincides with the lower clamp voltage VL depending on only the resistances of the resistors R60, R61. Even if the speed voltage VV1 tries to further approach ground voltage GND, the speed voltage VV1 is limited so as not to be below the lower clamp voltage VL.
Thus, by adjusting the resistances of the resistors R60, R61 as needed, the lower clamp voltage VL can be set no lower than the lower limit of the output voltage range, predetermined in specification, of the reference voltage circuit 310. Therefore, the speed voltage VV1 lower than the lower limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310 is prevented from being supplied from the speed voltage circuit 330 to the comparator 340.
The upper clamp circuit 332 restricts the upper limit of the speed voltage VV1 to be at or below the upper limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310.
Here, FIG. 7 shows an implementation of the upper clamp circuit 332.
In the lower clamp circuit 332, between the bias voltage VREG and ground voltage GND, there is provided a series connection of a diode-connected NPN transistor Q70 (where the collector and base electrodes are short-circuited), a resistor R70, a PNP transistor Q71 to whose base electrode a constant bias voltage from a constant voltage circuit 334 is applied all the time, and a resistor R71. The bias voltage VREG is applied to this series connection. As a result, divided voltages of the bias voltage VREG according to their resistances occur across the resistors R70 and R71; a forward voltage VF occurs from the emitter electrode (cathode) to the collector electrode (anode) of the NPN transistor Q70; and a collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE constant all the time occurs across the PNP transistor Q71. Hereinafter, the voltage at the connection point 337 of the resistor R70 and the emitter electrodes of the PNP transistor Q71 is called an upper clamp voltage VH.
The upper clamp circuit 332 further has a PNP transistor Q73 of which the upper clamp voltage VH of the connection point 337 is applied to the base electrode, the speed voltage VV1 from the speed voltage circuit 330 is applied via the applying line 339 to the emitter electrode, and the collector electrode is grounded. Note that the NPN transistors Q71, Q73 have both base electrodes connected in common and form a so-called current-mirror circuit. The voltage at the connection point 338 of the emitter electrode of the PNP transistor Q73 and the applying line 339 for the speed voltage VV1 becomes the clamped voltage VV2 subject to upper restriction under a condition.
In the configuration of the upper clamp circuit 332, if the speed voltage VV1 and thus the voltage at the connection point 338 are relatively low, the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the PNP transistor Q73 is below the threshold voltage, so that the PNP transistor Q73 remains off. In this case, the speed voltage VV1 is output, as it is, as the clamped voltage VV2 without restriction.
On the other hand, as the speed voltage VV1 and thus the voltage at the connection point 338 approach the bias voltage VREG, the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the PNP transistor Q73 becomes higher than the threshold voltage, and the PNP transistor Q73 turns on. At this time, the voltage at the connection point 338 is higher by the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the PNP transistor Q73 than the upper clamp voltage VH of the connection point 337 and is output as the clamped voltage VV2.
Note that the forward voltage VF of the NPN transistor Q70 and the base-to-emitter voltage VBE of the PNP transistor Q73 are of the same characteristic and are opposite in direction, so that they approximately cancel out. Furthermore, the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE of the PNP transistor Q71 can be considered constant. Hence, the clamped voltage VV2 coincides with the upper clamp voltage VH depending on only the resistances of the resistors R70, R71. Even if the speed voltage VV1 tries to further approach the bias voltage VREG, the speed voltage VV1 is limited so as not to be above the upper clamp voltage VH.
Thus, by adjusting the resistances of the resistors R70, R71 as needed, the upper clamp voltage VH can be set no higher than the upper limit of the output voltage range, predetermined in specification, of the reference voltage circuit 310. Therefore, the speed voltage VV1 higher than the upper limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310 is prevented from being supplied from the speed voltage circuit 330 to the comparator 340.
The comparator 340 compares the reference voltage VR generated by the reference voltage circuit 310 and the speed voltage VV1 whose level is limited by the lower clamp circuit 331 and the upper clamp circuit 332 to within the range of from the lower clamp voltage VL to the upper clamp voltage VH (i.e., the clamped voltage VV2). The control signal generator 350 produces and outputs a control signal VC for controlling the amount of current flowing through the drive coil of the motor 100 by the motor drive IC 200 based on the comparing result of the comparator 340.
Here, an implementation of the circuit configuration of the comparator 340 and the control signal generator 350 will be described with reference to FIG. 8.
A transistor pair of NPN transistors Q40, Q41 has both emitter electrodes connected in common and to a current source I40. The clamped voltage VV2 from the lower and upper clamp circuits 331, 332 the speed voltage circuit 330 is applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q40 (the inverting input of the comparator 340), and the reference voltage VR from the reference voltage circuit 310 is applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q41 (the non-inverting input of the comparator 340).
The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q40 is connected to a diode-connected PNP transistor Q42 having the bias voltage VREG applied to its emitter electrode. The base electrode of the PNP transistor Q42 and the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q43 having the bias voltage VREG applied to its emitter electrode are connected in common so that the PNP transistors Q42, Q43 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q41 is connected to a diode-connected PNP transistor Q44 having the bias voltage VREG applied to its emitter electrode. The base electrode of the PNP transistor Q44 and the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q45 having the bias voltage VREG applied to its emitter electrode are connected in common so that the PNP transistors Q44, Q45 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The collector electrode of the PNP transistor Q45 is connected to an emitter-grounded, diode-connected NPN transistor Q46. The base electrode of the NPN transistor Q46 and the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q47 connected in series with the PNP transistor Q43 and having its emitter grounded are connected in common so that the NPN transistors Q46, Q47 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q47 is connected to the base electrode of a PNP transistor Q50 having its collector grounded. The emitter electrode of the PNP transistor Q50 is connected to a current source I50 and to the base electrode of an NPN transistor Q51. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q51 is connected to a current source I51 and the emitter electrode of the NPN transistor Q51 to the base electrode of an emitter-grounded NPN transistor Q52.
The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q52 is connected to a diode-connected PNP transistor Q53. The base electrode of the PNP transistor Q53 and the base electrode of a PNP transistor Q55 having its collector grounded are connected in common so that the PNP transistors Q53, Q55 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The emitter electrode of the PNP transistor Q53 is connected to a diode-connected NPN transistor Q54. The collector electrode of the NPN transistor Q54 is connected to a current source I52, and the base electrodes of the NPN transistor Q54 and of an NPN transistor Q56 are connected in common so that the NPN transistors Q54, Q56 form a so-called current-mirror circuit.
The NPN transistor Q56 and the PNP transistor Q55 having their emitter electrodes connected in common form a series connection, and the control signal VC is output through the VO terminal connected to the connection point of the NPN transistor Q56 and the PNP transistor Q55.
In this configuration of the comparator 340 and of the control signal generator 350, when the clamped voltage VV2 applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q40 is higher than the reference voltage VR applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q41, that is, when the actual rotational speed of the motor 100 is lower than the rotational speed specified by the PWM signal (in an instruct-to-accelerate state), a greater current flows through the NPN transistor Q40 than through the NPN transistor Q41. Thus, greater currents flow through the current-mirror circuit (Q42, Q43) than through the current-mirror circuit (Q46, Q47). Hence, the base electrode of the PNP transistor Q50 is pulled toward the bias voltage VREG, and the PNP transistor Q50 turns toward being off. As a result, the NPN transistors Q51, Q52 turns toward being on, thereby lowering the level of the control signal VC.
On the other hand, when the clamped voltage VV2 applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q40 is lower than the reference voltage VR applied to the base electrode of the NPN transistor Q41, that is, when the actual rotational speed of the motor 100 is higher than the rotational speed specified by the PWM signal (in an instruct-to-decelerate state), the transistors operate in ways opposite to the above, and thus the NPN transistors Q51, Q52 turns toward being off, thereby raising the level of the control signal VC.
The control signal VC is used as a control voltage for the motor drive IC 200. As to the logic of the motor drive IC 200, when the level of the control signal VC is high, the rotational speed of the motor 100 is decelerated, and when the level of the control signal VC is low, the rotational speed of the motor 100 is accelerated. In this case, the motor speed control IC 300 performs motor speed control as shown in FIG. 9.
To describe in detail, in the state where the speed voltage VV is higher than the reference voltage VR (the instruct-to-accelerate state), the control signal VC output from the motor speed control IC 300 continues to descend in level. Meanwhile, the rotational speed of the motor 100 continues to ascend. As a result, the level of the clamped voltage VV2 gradually descends and approaches that of the reference voltage VR. On the other hand, in the state where the clamped voltage VV2 is lower than the reference voltage VR (the instruct-to-decelerate state), the control signal VC output from the motor speed control IC 300 continues to ascend in level. Meanwhile, the rotational speed of the motor 100 continues to descend. As a result, the level of the clamped voltage VV2 gradually ascends and approaches that of the reference voltage VR. In this way, the motor speed control IC 300 compares the reference voltage VR and the clamped voltage VV2 and controls the level of the control signal VC, the control voltage for the motor drive IC 200, such that the levels of both the voltages coincide.
<Effect of Providing the Upper Clamp Circuit>
In the case where the CPU 400 has set the duty ratio of the PWM signal to 0% so as to completely stop the motor 100 and supplies the PWM signal to the CTL terminal of the motor speed control IC 300, the reference voltage VR1 generated by the reference voltage circuit 310 is not equal to the bias voltage VREG but is lower by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of the PNP transistor Q8 in the complementary push-pull circuit at the last stage for output of the reference voltage circuit 310 than the bias voltage VREG. That is, the reference voltage VR1 for this case is the upper limit of the output voltage range, an electrical characteristic, of the reference voltage circuit 310.
Meanwhile, before applied to the inverting input of the comparator 340, the speed voltage VV1 is subjected to restriction by the upper clamp circuit 332 so as not to go above the upper clamp voltage VH whose level is set no higher than the upper limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310. Thus, the problem that the motor drive IC 200 accelerates the motor 100 although instructed to stop the motor 100 is reliably solved. That is, by providing the upper clamp circuit 332, accuracy in controlling the motor 100 to stop is improved.
<Effect of Providing the Lower Clamp Circuit>
In the case where the CPU 400 has set the duty ratio of the PWM signal to 100% so as to run the motor 100 at full speed and supplies the PWM signal to the CTL terminal of the motor speed control IC 300, the reference voltage VR1 generated by the reference voltage circuit 310 is not equal to ground voltage GND but is higher by the collector-to-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat) of the NPN transistor Q7 in the complementary push-pull circuit at the last stage for output of the reference voltage circuit 310 than ground voltage GND. That is, the reference voltage VR1 for this case is the lower limit of the output voltage range, an electrical characteristic, of the reference voltage circuit 310.
Meanwhile, before applied to the inverting input of the comparator 340, the speed voltage VV1 is subjected to restriction by the lower clamp circuit 331 so as not to go below the lower clamp voltage VL whose level is set no lower than the lower limit of the output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit 310. Thus, the problem that the motor drive IC 200 decelerates the motor 100 although instructed to run the motor 100 at full speed is reliably solved. That is, by providing the lower clamp circuit 331, accuracy in controlling the motor 100 to run at full speed is improved.
An opposite logic to the above may be used in which if the reference voltage VR1 becomes the H level logically (near the bias voltage VREG), the motor 100 is accelerated and if the reference voltage VR1 becomes the L level logically (near ground voltage GND), the motor 100 is decelerated. In this case, the upper clamp circuit 332 improves accuracy in controlling the motor 100 to accelerate and the lower clamp circuit 331 improves accuracy in controlling the motor 100 to decelerate.
Although the preferred implementation of the present invention has been described, the above implementation is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood that various changes and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and that the present invention includes its equivalents.

## Claims

1. A motor speed control circuit which controls a rotational speed of a motor by controlling an amount of current flowing through a drive coil of the motor, comprising:
a reference voltage circuit that generates a reference voltage corresponding to a speed-specifying signal inputted to specify the rotational speed of the motor;
a speed voltage circuit that generates a speed voltage varying in level depending on an actual rotational speed of the motor;
a clamp circuit that sets an upper limit level and a lower limit level for the speed voltage generated by the speed voltage circuit, the upper limit level and the lower limit level within an output voltage range of the reference voltage circuit;
a comparator that has the reference voltage generated by the reference voltage circuit and the speed voltage limited in level by the clamp circuit applied thereto and compares the two; and
a control signal generator that generates and outputs a control signal for controlling the amount of current flowing through the drive coil based on a comparing result of the comparator.

2. The motor speed control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the clamp circuit has:
a lower clamp circuit that restricts a lower limit level of the speed voltage to no lower than a lower limit of the output voltage range; and
an upper clamp circuit that restricts an upper limit level of the speed voltage to no higher than an upper limit of the output voltage range.

3. The motor speed control circuit according to claim 2, wherein the lower clamp circuit comprises:
a series connection having a number of resistors to which a bias voltage is applied; and
an NPN transistor of which a divided voltage produced by division of the bias voltage by the series connection is applied to a base electrode, the speed voltage is applied to an emitter electrode, and the bias voltage is applied to a collector electrode,
wherein the lower limit level of the speed voltage is restricted based on the divided voltage.

4. The motor speed control circuit according to claim 2, wherein the upper clamp circuit comprises:
a series connection having a number of resistors to which a bias voltage is applied; and
a PNP transistor of which a divided voltage produced by division of the bias voltage by the series connection is applied to a base electrode, the speed voltage is applied to an emitter electrode, and the bias voltage is applied to a collector electrode,
wherein the upper limit level of the speed voltage is restricted based on the divided voltage.

5. The motor speed control circuit according to any of claims 1 and 2 to 4, comprising two chips of:
a first circuit integrated into one chip that makes a current flow through the drive coil of the motor thereby driving the motor;
a second circuit integrated into the other chip that includes the reference voltage circuit; the speed voltage circuit; the clamp circuit; the comparator; and the control signal generator, and controls the amount of current flowing through the drive coil of the motor via the first circuit according to the control signal generated by the control signal generator thereby controlling the rotational speed of the motor.

6. The motor speed control circuit according to any of claims 1 and 2 to 4, which is an integrated chip of:
a first circuit that makes a current flow through the drive coil of the motor thereby driving the motor; and
a second circuit that includes the reference voltage circuit; the speed voltage circuit; the clamp circuit; the comparator; and the control signal generator, and controls the amount of current flowing through the drive coil of the motor via the first circuit according to the control signal generated by the control signal generator thereby controlling the rotational speed of the motor.