T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. C OD Y G OR DO N C AR L S E N, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 35857 D. C. No s . 4 : 0 9 - c v - 0 0 0 3 3 - SE H

4 : 0 7 - c r - 0 0 0 3 1 - SE H ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe D i s tr i c tof

M ont a na S a m E . H a ddon, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d J une 6, 2011

P ort l a nd, O r e gon B efo re: F IS H E R , G O U L D , an d P A E Z , C i rcu i tJu d g es. D e f e nda nt - A ppe l l a ntC odyG or don C a r l s e n, af e de r a l pr i s one r , appe a l s the d is tr ic t c o u rt’s d e n ia l o f h is m o tio n f

o rh ab e a s r e lie f

u n d e r2 8 U .S .C . § 2 2 5 5 . C a r l s e n a r gue s tha the r e c e i ve d i ne f f e c t i ve a s s i s t a nc e of

c ouns e l a ts e nt e nc i ng, a nd th at h is se n ten ce m u st th er ef o re b e v ac ated . T h e d istrict co u rt d en ied C ar lsen ’s



# FI LED JU L 06 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

m ot i on on the gr ound tha ti tw a s ba rr e d bythe one - y e a rs t a tut e of l i m i t a t i ons cont ai ned i n 2 8 U . S . C . § 2 25 5(f) (1). In the al t ernat i ve, the di stri ctcourthel d that C ar lsen ’s p etit io n sh o u ldb e d en ied o n th e m er it s. W e r ev er se th e d istrict co u rt’s de ni a l of C a r l s e n’ s pe t i t i on a nd r e m a nd f ora n e vi de nt i a ryhe a r i ng on the i s s ue of e q u itab le to llin g . W e a ls o c o n c lu d e th a t th e c o u rt e rr e din its a lte rn a tiv e m e r its rul i ng. A . Equi t a bl e To l l i ng T he j udgm e ntof

c onvi c t i on i n C a r l s e n’ s f e de r a l pr os e c ut i on w a s e nt e r e d on N ove m be r15, 2007. B e c aus e C a r l s e n di d notappe a l hi s s e nt e nc e , the j udgm e nt b e c a m e f in a l tw o w e e k s la te r , o n N o v e m b e r2 9 , 2 0 0 7 . See Fe d . R. A p p . P. 4( b) ( 1) ( A ) . C a r l s e n’ s f i l e d hi s f e de r a l habe a s pe t i t i on r oughl ys i xt e e n m onths la te r , o n A p r il 3 , 2 0 0 9 . T he f e de r a l habe a s s t a tut e c ont a i ns aone - y e a rs t a tut e of l i m i t a t i ons . 28 U . S . C . § 2255( f

) ( 1) . A habe a s pe t i t i one r , how e ve r , i s e nt i t l e d t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng o f th e s ta tu te o f

lim ita tio n s if

h e c a n s h o w : “( 1 ) th a t h e h a s b e e n p u r s u in g h is r ig h ts di l i gent l y, and (2) thatsom e e xtra ordi naryci rc um st ance st oo d i n h i s w ay . ” H ol land v . Flor i da , 130 S . C t . 2549, 2562 ( 2010) ( quot i ng P a c e v . Di Gu g l i e lmo , 5 4 4 U .S . 4 0 8 , 4 1 8 ( 2 0 0 5 ) ) ; a c c o rd Miles v . P r u n ty , 18 7 F . 3d 11 04 , 11 07 (9th C i r. 19 99 ). If a habeas pet i t i on erm akes “ a goo d-fa i th al l egat i on thatw ou l d, i f true,3

e nt i t l e hi m t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng, ” the n he i s e nt i t l e d t o a n e vi de nt i a ryhe a r i ng on the is s u e o f e q u itab le to llin g . R o

y v. L a m p ert , 465 F . 3d 964, 969 ( 9th C i r . 2006) ( quot i ng L aw s v . L am arque , 351 F . 3d 919, 919 ( 9th C i r . 2003) ) ( i nt e rna l quot a t i on m a rk s a n d e m p h a s is o m itte d ) . C a r ls e n h a s a lle g e d f

a c ts th a t d e m o n s tr a te h is r e a s o n ab le d ilig e n c e in pu rs ui ng habeas re l i ef

. S peci fi ca l l y, C ar l se n al l eges thathe m ade “ re peat ed ef fort s” t o con t ac thi s a tt orney “ bo th b y m ai l and p ho ne” t o res ol ve i ss ues r el at ed t o hi s § 2255 m ot i on. T he r e c or d a l s o r e f l e c t s tha tC a r l s e n f

i l e d al e tt e rw i th the di stri ctcourtexpres si ng concern w i th h i s s ent ence . M oreover, i tappears that C ar l se n fi l ed hi s § 22 55 m ot i on w i thi n ei gh t ee n d ay s of r ec ei vi ng nece ss ary in fo rm atio n fr o m h is atto rn ey . T h es e f ac ts, i f tru e, d em o n stra te C ar lsen ’s d ilig e n c e . Se e H

ol land , 13 0 S . C t . at25 65 (c on cl ud i ng thata habeas pet i t i on er di l i ge nt l ypur s ue d hi s c l a i m w he r e he “ w r ot e hi s a tt orne ynum e r ous l e tt e r s s e e ki ng c ru c ia l in f

o rm a tio n a n d p r o v id in g d ir e c tio n [ a n d ] r e p e a te d lyc o n ta c te dth e s ta te c o u rts , th e irc le rk s , a n d th e [ s ta te b a ra s s o c ia tio n ]” ) ; Miles , 187 F . 3d a t1107 ( hol di ng tha tape t i t i one re xe r c i s e d di l i ge nc e w he r e he s ubm i tt e d hi s pe t i t i on s e ve nt e e n da y s a f

t e rhe w a s m a de a w a r e of the de a dl i ne a nd de l a yw a s c aus e d by p r is o n o f f ic ia ls ) .4

W e a l so ho l d thatC ar l se n h as al l eged tw o theori es , ei ther of w hi ch, i f true, c ons t i tut e “ e xtr a or di na ryc i r c um s t a nc e s ” a nd e nt i t l e hi m t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng. a. In adequ ate A cc es s to L egal R es ou rc es C a r ls e n a lle g e s , a n d th e g o v e rn m e n t d o e s n o t d is p u te , th a t h e w a s in tr a n s it and w i tho utac ce ss t o l egal re source s f or the fi rs tsi x m on ths of hi s f eder al s e nt e nc e . “ D e pr i va t i on of l e ga l m a t e r i a l s i s the type of e xt e rna l i m pe di m e ntf

or w hi ch w e have grant ed equi t abl e t ol l i ng . ” W aldron -R am se

y v . P acho lke , 556 F . 3d 1008, 1013 ( 9th C i r . 2009) ( c i t i ng L ot t v. Muel ler , 30 4 F . 3d 91 8, 92 4– 25 ) ( 9th C i r. 2 0 0 2 ) ) ; s e e al

s o R oy , 4 6 5 F .3 d a t 9 7 3

– 7 5 ; W h a le m /H u n t v . E a r ly , 233 F . 3d 1146, 1 1 4 8 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 0 ) ( e n b a n c ) ( p e rc u r ia m ) . If C ar l se n’ s a l l egat i on of i nadequ at e a cc es s t o l egal re source s i s true, then the on e- ye arst atut e of l i m i t at i on s w as suspended u nt i l C ar l se n h ad ac ce ss t o l egal m a te r ia ls . U

n i ted S ta tes v. Ib a rra , 502 U . S . 1, 4 n. 2 ( 1991) ( “ P r i nc i pl e s of equi t abl e t ol l i ng usual l y di ct at e thatw hen a t i m e barhas bee n suspend ed and then begi ns t o run agai n u po n a l at erevent , the t i m e r em ai ni ng on the cl ock i s c al cul at ed by subtra ct i ng fr om the ful l l i m i t at i on s per i od w hat evert i m e r an before the cl ock w a s s to p p e d .” ) ; see a l

so N i n o v. G a la za , 183 F . 3d 1003, 1006–07 ( 9th C i r . 1999) (app l yi ng thi s m etho d t o cal cul at e the peri od of equi t abl e t ol l i ng for ahabeas5

pet i t i on ). In other w ords, the on e- ye arst atut e of l i m i t at i on s began runn i ng anew o n th e d a te th a t C a r ls e n f ir s t h a d a c c e s s to le g a l m a te r ia ls . T o cal cul at e the peri od of equi t abl e t ol l i ng i n thi s c as e, w e f i rs tno t e that C ar l se n’ s s ent ence w as i m po se d o n N ov em ber 15, 20 07 , and thatC ar l se n al l eges thathe w as w i tho utl egal m at er i al s f or the fi rs tsi x m on ths of hi s s ent ence . If C a r l s e n’ s a l l e ga t i on i s true , the n the one - y e a rl i m i t a t i ons pe r i od s t a rt e d t o run on or ar ou nd M ay15 , 20 08 , and C ar l se n’ s pet i t i on w ou l d h ave been t i m el y w hen i tw as f i l e d on A pr i l 4, 2009. T hus , C a r l s e n i s e nt i t l e d t o a n e vi de nt i a ryhe a r i ng on the qu es t i on of w hether and for how l on g h e w as w i tho utac ce ss t o l egal m at er i al s. If h is a lle g a tio n is tru e , h is p e titio n m u s t b e c o n s id e r e dtim e ly . b. A ttorn eyM

isc on du ct C a r ls e n a ls o a lle g e s r e p e a te da n du n s u c c e s s f u l e f f o rts to c o n s u lt w ith h is a tto rn e yr e g a r d in g h is h ab e a s p e titio n . C ar ls e n ’s a lle g a tio n s , if tru e , c o u lde n title hi m t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng on the gr ound of e gr e gi ous a tt orne ym i s c onduc t . A l though a n a tto rn e y ’s m e r e n e g lig e n c e is n o t s u f f ic ie n t to e a rn e q u itab le to llin g , Fry e v . Hi c km an , 2 7 3 F .3 d 1 1 4 4 , 1 1 4 6 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 1 ) , “in s tan c e s o f a tto rn e ym is c o n d u c t” th a t a r e “f

a rm o r e s e r io u s ” th a n n e g lig e n c e c a n e n title ap e titio n e rto e q u itab le to llin g , H

ol land , 1 3 0 S . C t. a t 2 5 6 4 ; see a l so S p i t syn v. Mo o re , 345 F . 3d 796, 800 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) .F o r th e b en efi to f th e d i stri ctco u rtan dth e p art i es o n rem an d , w e ad d ress 1 the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s a l t e rna t i ve m e r i t s hol di ng. 6 B e c au s e C ar ls e n h a s a lle g e dtw o d is tin c t th e o r ie s th a t, if tru e , w o u lde n title hi m t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng, he m us tbe a f f or de d a n e vi de nt i a ryhe a r i ng on the i s s ue of e q u itab le to llin g . B . M er i ts 1 A tthe t i m e of hi s f

eder al prosec ut i on , C ar l se n h ad st art ed t o serve— bu thad no tye tcom pl et ed— a s t at e s ent ence for r ec kl es s e nd angerm ent . Iti s und i sput ed thatbecause thi s s t at e off ense w as consi dere d rel evantcond uctthati ncre as ed Ca r l s e n ’ s f

e d e r a l G u i d e l i n e s r a n g e , Ca r l s e n w a s e n t i t l e dt o th e ap p l i c a t i o n o f U . S. S e n te n c in g G u id e lin e s § 5 G 1 .3 ( b ) a t s e n te n c in g . H a d§ 5 G 1 .3 ( b ) b e e n p r o p e r ly appl i ed, the di stri ctcourtw ou l d h ave been i nstruct ed t o: (1) c re di tthe t i m e C ar l se n s e rve d i n s t a t e c us t ody ; a nd ( 2) or de rtha tC a r l s e n’ s f e de r a l a nd s t a t e s e nt e nc e s be s e rve d c onc urr e nt l y . C a r l s e n’ s a tt orne ydi d nota dvoc a t e a ts e nt e nc i ng f orthe appl i c a t i on of

§ 5G 1. 3( b) . C a r l s e n a r gue s tha tthi s e rr ora m ount e d t o i ne f f e c t i ve a s s is ta n c e o f

c o u n s e l. T o su cceed o n an i n effecti v e assi st an ce o f co u n sel cl ai m , a d efen d an tm u st de m ons tr a t e tha t : ( 1) “ c ouns e l m a de e rr or s s o s e r i ous tha tc ouns e l w a s not f u n c tio n in g a s th e ‘c o u n s e l’ g u a r a n te e dth e d e f e n d a n t b yth e S ix th A m e n d m e n t;”7

and (2) “ the defi ci entperf orm ance prej ud i ce d the defense . ” Stri cklan d v. W as hi ngton , 4 6 6 U .S . 6 6 8 , 6 8 7 ( 1 9 8 4 ) . T h e g o v e rn m e n t c o n c e d e s — a s it m ust

— thatC ar l se n’ s has sa t i sf i ed the fi rs tpron g o f the Str i c kland an al ysi s b ecau se hi s a tt orne y ’ s f

a i l ur e t o a dvoc a t e f

orthe appl i c a t i on of

ar e l e va nts e nt e nc i ng G ui del i ne fe l l “ ou t si de the w i de rang e of profes si on al l y c om pet entas si st ance . ” I d. a t 6 9 0 . C ar l se n al so sa t i sf

i es the prej ud i ce pron g o f the Str i c kland an al ysi s b ecau se § 5 G 1. 3(b) di re ct s the se nt enci ng courti n d et erm i ni ng the advi soryG ui del i nes r a n g e to : ( 1 ) c r e d it th e d e f e n d a n t’s f

e d e r a l s e n te n c e f

o rth e tim e s e rv e din s ta te c u s to d y ; a n d ( 2 ) im p o s e as e n te n c e to ru n c o n c u rr e n tlyw ith th e d e f e n d a n t’s s ta te s e nt e nc e . H a d C a r l s e n’ s a tt orne ym a de the di s tr i c tc ourta w a r e of i t s obl i ga t i ons unde r§ 5G 1. 3( b) , the r e i s ar e a s onabl e pr obabi l i tytha tC a r l s e n w oul d ha ve r e c e iv e d as h o rte rs e n te n c e . W e th e r e f o r e c o n c lu d e th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt e rr e din i t s al t ern at i v e h o l d i n g th atC arl sen ’ s § 2 2 5 5 m o t i o n sh o u l db e d en i ed o n th e m eri t s. 3 . I ns t r uc t i o ns o n R e m a nd O n rem and, the di stri ctcourti s di re ct ed t o con du ctan evi dent i ary heari ng as s oon a s r e a s onabl ypos s i bl e on w he the rC a r l s e n i s e nt i t l e d t o e qui t abl e t ol l i ng on ei ther of the tw o g roun ds advanced i n h i s pet i t i on — (1) i nadequ at e a cc es s t o l egal r e s o u r c e s ; o r( 2 ) e g r e g io u s a tto rn e ym is c o n d u c t— a n do n w h e th e rh e a c te dw ith8

r e a s o n ab le d ilig e n c e . I f th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d e te rm in e s th a t C a r ls e n is e n title dto equi t abl e t ol l i ng , i ti s i nstruct ed t o g rantC ar l se n’ s pet i t i on and res ent ence C ar l se n a s s oon a s pr a c t i c abl e . I f i n r e s e nt e nc i ng C a r l s e n the di s tr i c tc ourti m pos e s the s a m e s e n te n c e , r e ly in g o n th e s e n te n c in g f a c to r s in 2 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) , it s h a ll expl ai n i t s r ea sons for varyi ng up w ar d from the advi soryse nt enci ng G ui del i nes r a n g e . I f th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d e te rm in e s th a t C a r ls e n is n o t e n title dto e q u itab le t ol l i ng , i tshal l al so st at e w hatse nt ence i tw ou l d h ave i m po se d i f i thad g rant ed C a r l s e n’ s § 2255 m ot i on. V AC AT E D A ND RE MAND E D.