1420 - 1

(Adopted September 11, 1992)

RULE 1420. EMISSIONS STANDARD FOR LEAD

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this rule is to reduce emissions of lead from nonvehicular sources.

(b) Applicability

This rule applies to all persons who own or operate facilities that use or process

lead-containing materials including, but not limited to primary or secondary lead

smelters, foundries, lead-acid battery manufacturers or recyclers, and lead-oxide, 

brass and bronze producers. Applicability of subdivisions (e), (f), (g), (h), (j) and 

(k) of this rule shall be based on the greatest amount of lead processed in any one 

of the three years dating back from the adoption of this rule, and the amount

processed annually thereafter.

(c) Definitions

For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) DUST-FORMING MATERIAL is any material containing more than 15

percent by weight of particulate matter less than 0.84 millimeter (mm)

equivalent diameter as determined by ASTM C136-84a, Standard Method 

for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, using a number 20 U.S. 

Bureau of Standards sieve with a 0.84-mm square opening, or an

alternative EPA-approved procedure. 

(2) EMISSION COLLECTION SYSTEM is any equipment installed for the

purpose of directing, taking in, confining, and conveying an air

contaminant, and which at minimum conforms to design and operation

specifications given in the most current edition of Industrial Ventilation,

Guidelines and Recommended Practices, published by the American

Conference of Government and Industrial Hygienists, at the time a

complete permit application is on file with the District.

(3) EMISSION POINT is any location where lead is emitted into the

atmosphere from equipment or processes.

(4) ENCLOSED STORAGE AREA is any space, container, and/or structure

used to contain material that prevents its contents from being emitted into 

the atmosphere.
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 2

(5) FUGITIVE LEAD-DUST EMISSIONS are emissions of lead-containing 

material from locations other than emission points including, but not

limited to, foot and vehicular traffic, and storage piles, where the dustforming material at the emission source has a lead content of 0.5 percent by 

weight or more as determined by EPA-approved methods.

(6) FOUNDRY is any facility, operation, or process where metal or a metal

alloy is melted and cast.

(7) LEAD means elemental lead, alloys containing elemental lead, or lead

compounds, calculated as elemental lead.

(8) LEAD-ACID BATTERY MANUFACTURER is any facility, operation, or 

process that produces storage batteries or battery components using lead

or lead compounds.

(9) LEAD-ACID BATTERY RECYCLER is any facility, operation, or

process in which lead-containing batteries are disassembled and/or the lead 

battery components are melted.

(10) LEAD-OXIDE PRODUCER is any facility, operation, or process intended 

to produce lead oxide from materials containing lead, including, but not

limited to, lead melting and/or oxidizing furnaces, lead oxide conveying

systems, associated air pollution control systems, and equipment used for

product recovery, storage, and dispensing.

(11) LEAD-PROCESSING FACILITY is any company, business, facility,

process or operation which uses or processes lead-containing materials,

located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties in actual contact 

or separated only by a public roadway or other public right-of-way, and

owned or operated by the same person or by persons under common

control.

(12) MOLTEN METAL is a metal or metal alloy in the semi-solid or liquid

state.

(13) PERSON is any firm, business establishment, association, partnership,

corporation or individual, whether acting as principal, agent, employee, or 

other capacity, including any governmental entity or charitable

organization.

(14) PRIMARY LEAD SMELTER is any facility, operation, or process

engaged in the production of lead, lead alloys, and/or lead compounds from 

lead ore and/or lead ore concentrates through the use of pyrometallurgical

techniques.
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 3

(15) PROCESSES means 5sing lead or lead-containing material in any 

operation.

(16) RINGELMANN OPACITY refers to an opacity shade as given in a chart 

published by the United States Bureau of Mines. 

(17) SECONDARY LEAD SMELTER is any facility, operation, or process

engaged in the production of lead, lead alloys, and/or lead compounds from 

lead-bearing scrap material through the use of pyrometallurgical

techniques.

(d) Standard

On or after July 1, 1994, no person who owns or operates a lead-processing 

facility shall discharge into the atmosphere:

(1) emissions which cause ambient concentrations of lead to exceed 1.5

microgram per cubic meter, averaged over 30 days, beyond the property

line of a facility; or,

(2) fugitive lead dust emissions that exceed Ringelmann 0.5, or 10 percent

opacity, for more than three minutes aggregate in any 60-minute period.

(e) Requirements

On and after July 1, 1994, the following requirements shall apply to any person

who owns or operates a lead-processing facility.

(1) All emission points shall be vented to an emission collection system.

(2) The gas stream from any emission collection system shall be ducted to a

lead control device which shall reduce lead emissions by 98 percent or

more, as determined by a source test conducted in accordance with

SCAQMD Method 12.1 - Determination of Inorganic Lead Emissions

from Stationary Sources Using a Wet Impingement Train, or particulate

matter emissions by 99 percent or more as determined by a source test

using SCAQMD Method 5.1 - Determination of Particulate Matter

Emissions from Stationary Sources Using a Wet Impingement Train. 

When the particulate matter captured by the lead control device is

hygroscopic, or SOx is present in concentrations greater than 10 ppm, or

ammonia is present, SCAQMD Method 5.1 shall be replaced by SCAQMD 

Method 5.2 - Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions from

Stationary Sources Using Heated Probe and Filter. Source tests shall be 
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 4

conducted by persons approved by the Executive Officer. Lead or

particulate matter emissions reduction shall be calculated as follows:

Cin - Cout

X 100 = % emissions reduction

 Cin

Where:Cin = mass at the inlet of the control device

Cout = mass at the outlet of the control device

(3) Each emission collection system and lead control device shall, at minimum, 

be maintained and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's

specifications.

(4) Fugitive lead-dust emissions shall be controlled by the following

housekeeping practices:

(A) Dust-forming material which may contain lead including, but not

limited to, baghouse dust, dross, ash, or feed material shall be

stored in an enclosed storage area;

(B) Surfaces that accumulate lead-containing dust subject to vehicular

or foot traffic shall be washed down, vacuumed, or wet-mopped at 

least once a week, or shall be maintained with the use of non-toxic 

chemical dust suppressants; and,

(C) Lead or lead-containing wastes generated from housekeeping

activities shall be stored, disposed of, recovered, or recycled using 

practices that do not lead to fugitive lead-dust emissions.

(5) A facility that processes more than 10 tons of lead per year shall install,

maintain and operate ambient air quality monitoring equipment as specified 

in subdivision (g).

(6) A facility that processes more than 2 tons, but less than or equal to 10 tons 

of lead per year shall determine ambient lead concentrations by monitoring 

as specified in subdivision (g), or by air dispersion modeling calculations as 

specified in subdivision (h). The Executive Officer may require ambient air 

monitoring as specified in subdivision (g) for any facility when air

dispersion modeling calculations indicate that ambient lead concentrations

may exceed 0.75 microgram per cubic meter, averaged over 30 days.

(7) Ambient air quality monitoring may be discontinued upon the submittal of a 

written request and determination by the Executive Officer that lead
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 5

emissions will remain below a level at which a potential for exceedance of

the lead standard of subdivision (d) exists.

(f) Compliance Plan 

No later than July 1, 1993, any person who owns or operates a lead-processing 

facility that processes more than 2 tons of lead per year shall submit a Compliance 

Plan to the Executive Officer for approval, with the following, including all

supporting information, data, and calculations:

(1) For each of the previous three calendar years dating from the date of the

adoption of this rule;

(A) quantities of each lead-containing material processed;

(B) the amount of lead in each material processed;

(2) For the previous 12 calendar months;

(A) the maximum and average daily process rates and monthly process

rates for all equipment and processes;

(B) the maximum and average daily and annual emissions of lead from

all emission points and average daily and annual emission estimates 

from all sources of fugitive lead-dust;

(3) The approximate date of intended source tests for lead control devices, as

required by paragraph (e)(2), and an application for a Permit to Construct 

any required lead control devices and associated emission collection

systems, if applicable;

(4) Engineering drawings, calculations or other methodology to demonstrate

compliance with paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(4);

(5) Air dispersion modeling calculations using procedures approved by the

Executive Officer to determine the location of sampling sites as required by 

subdivision (g) or to estimate ambient concentrations of lead as required by 

subdivision (h);

(6) All information necessary to demonstrate means of compliance with

subdivision (g).
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 6

(g) Requirements for Ambient Air Monitoring

No later than 6 months after approval of the Compliance Plan, all facilities that are 

required or elect to employ ambient air monitoring shall conduct ambient air

monitoring as follows:

(1) Collect samples from a minimum of two sampling sites approved by the

Executive Officer located at or beyond the property line of the facility

where maximum ground level lead concentrations are indicated by

Executive Officer approved air dispersion modeling calculations and based 

on Executive Officer approved emission estimates from all emission points 

and fugitive lead-dust sources;

(2) Collect samples from a minimum of one Executive Officer approved

sampling site to determine background ambient lead concentration;

(3) Collect 24-hour samples at all sites for 30 consecutive days from the date

of initial sampling, followed by one 24-hour sample collected every 6 days, 

on a schedule approved by the Executive Officer;

(4) Submit samples collected pursuant to paragraphs (g)(1), (g)(2), and (g)(3) 

to a Executive Officer approved laboratory for analysis within three (3)

calendar days of collection and calculate ambient lead concentrations for

individual 24 hour samples within 15 calendar days of the end of the

calendar month in which the samples were collected;

(5) Sample collection shall be conducted using Title 40, CFR 50 Appendix B -

Reference Method for the Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter 

in the Atmosphere (High Volume Method), and sample analysis shall be

conducted using Title 40, CFR 50 Appendix G - Reference Method for the 

Determination of Lead in Suspended Particulate Matter Collected from

Ambient Air, or U.S. EPA-approved equivalent methods;

(6) Continuously record wind speed and direction data during sampling periods 

using equipment approved by the Executive Officer at location and

placement approved by the Executive Officer;

(7) Ambient air quality monitoring shall be conducted by persons approved by

the Executive Officer and sampling equipment shall be operated and

maintained in accordance with EPA-referenced methods. 
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 7

(h) Requirements for Air Dispersion Modeling

(1) Facilities that process more than 2 tons, but less than or equal to 10 tons of 

lead per year shall submit to the Executive Officer, with the Compliance 

Plan, the results and input data of air dispersion modeling calculations, as

applicable. Air dispersion modeling shall be conducted using modeling

approaches and emission estimates approved by the Executive Officer. 

(i) Recordkeeping

Effective January 1, 1994, any person who owns or operates a lead-processing 

facility subject to this rule shall maintain two years of the following records at the 

facility and make them available to the Executive Officer upon request:

(1) Information on quantities of each lead-containing material processed, and

the lead content of the material, including purchase records, usage records, 

results of analysis or other verification to indicate lead content and lead

usage, updated annually; 

(2) Results of all ambient air lead monitoring, including data specified by

subdivision (g), and air dispersion modeling as specified in subdivision (h), 

as applicable;

(3) Records of housekeeping activities completed as required by paragraph

(e)(4), and inspection and maintenance of emission collection systems and 

control devices, including the name of the person performing the activity,

and the dates on which specific activities were completed.

(j) Reporting

Any lead-processing facility that is required or elects to do ambient air monitoring 

shall report to the District the results of all ambient air lead and wind monitoring 

each calendar quarter. Results of individual 24-hour samples shall be reported and 

averaged each calendar month. Any exceedances of ambient air quality standards 

identified within that period shall be reported to the District within 24 hours of

receipt of the completed sample analysis required in paragraph (g)(4). 

(k) Exemptions

(1) Lead-processing facilities processing 2 tons or less of lead per year shall be 

exempt from subdivisions (e), (f), (g) and (h), and paragraphs (i)(2) and

(i)(3) of this rule, provided the owner or operator demonstrates eligibility

for this exemption to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer.
Rule 1420 (Cont.) (Adopted September 11, 1992)

1420 - 8

(2) Lead-processing facilities processing more than 2 tons of lead per year and 

with maximum daily lead emissions of less than 0.5 pound per day from all 

emission points and fugitive dust sources, as determined by a compliance

plan approved by the Executive Officer and submitted pursuant to

subdivision (f), recordkeeping pursuant to subdivision (i), and all other

District reporting requirements, shall be exempt from paragraphs (e)(1),

(e)(2), (e)(5), (e)(6), and subdivisions (g) and (h) of this rule.