# Patent

## Title
Delivery of network services

## Abstract

A service request is received from a terminal device, and payment parameters are received for the user of the terminal device. Information of the service request and payment parameters is communicated to a plurality of service providers, sufficient for the service providers to bid on the service request. Bids are received from at least one of the service providers, and a service provider is selected to fulfill the service request based on the bids.

## Background
PRIORITY CLAIM
Priority is hereby claimed to the United States provisional application for patent entitled IMPROVED DELIVERY OF NETWORK SERVICES, having application Ser. No. 60/421,472, filed on Oct. 25, 2002.


FIELD
The invention relates to communications, and, more particularly, to communication via a network.
BACKGROUND
Wireless telephones are popular, ubiquitous devices. It is now possible to make and receive phone calls from almost any place in the world. Communication is even possible from remote and undeveloped areas using wireless satellite telephones. Herein, the term wireless telephone refers to any device capable of transmitting and receiving voice and/or data (non-voice) information to and from a network without the use of wires, cables, or other tangible transmission media. So-called cellular telephones are a common example of wireless phones.
Wireless telephones and the networks by which they communicate operate according to various technologies, including analog mobile phone service (AMPS), circuit switching, packet switching, wireless local area network (LAN) protocols, code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), spread-spectrum, global system for mobile communications (GSM), high-speed circuit-switched data (HCSD), general packet radio system (GPRS), enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE), and universal mobile telecommunications service (UMTS). Of course, these are only examples, and other technologies may be employed in wireless communication as well.
Herein, the term ‘wireless device’ is meant to include wireless telephones (including cellular, mobile, and satellite telephones), and also to include a variety of other wireless devices, including wireless web-access telephones, automobile, laptop, and desktop computers that communicate wirelessly, and wireless personal digital assistants (PDAs). In general, the term ‘wireless device’ refers to any device with wireless communication capabilities.
Many companies produce wireless telephones and other wireless devices. Among the more well-known producers are Nokia®, Ericsson®, Motorola®, Panasonic®, Palm® Computer, and Handspring®. A variety of producers also provide wireless devices comprising versions of the Microsoft® Windows® operating software.
Third generation (3G) wireless devices provide high-bandwidth wireless access to communication networks. With such devices it may be possible to provide services to wireless devices such as streaming video, multimedia messaging, and so forth. Users of the network may, at different times, employ different devices to access the network. The quality and availability of services may vary according to the capabilities of the device employed for access, the access device's present operating environment, and other dynamic parameters.
SUMMARY
In one embodiment, a service request is received from a terminal device, and payment parameters are received for the user of the terminal device. Information of the service request and payment parameters is communicated to a plurality of service providers, sufficient for the service providers to bid on the service request. Bids are received from at least one of the service providers, and a service provider is selected to fulfill the service request based on the bids.
In another embodiment, a network element receives a request for a service for a terminal device. The network element includes logic to ascertain whether terminal capabilities of the terminal device and payment parameters of a user of the terminal device are compatible with service requirements, and logic to provide a bid to fulfill the service request.
In another embodiment, a network element receives a service request from a terminal device. The network element includes logic to communicate information of the service request to a plurality of service providers, logic to receive bids to provide a service from at least some of the service providers, and logic to select a service provider to provide the service to the terminal device.
In another embodiment, bids are solicited from service providers to provide a service compatible with terminal capabilities and payment parameters. A service contract is formed with a service provider selected to provide the service, and a connection is formed between the service provider and a terminal device such that the service can be delivered to the terminal device.



FIGURES
The invention may be better understood with reference to the following figures in light of the accompanying description. The present invention, however, is limited only by the scope of the claims at the concluding portion of the specification.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a communication network environment.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of user information stored in a Home Location Registry.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method to provide user information for a roaming user.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of terminal capability information.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of service requirement information.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of handling changes in a user's terminal capabilities.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a wireless telephone.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a network embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a network embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a network embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a network embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method to provide services to terminal devices.



DESCRIPTION
In the following description, references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although they may. In the figures, like numbers refer to like elements.
Herein, “logic” refers to any information having the form of instruction signals and/or data that may be applied to affect the operation of a processing device. Examples of processing devices are computer processors (processing units), microprocessors, digital signal processors, controllers and microcontrollers, and so on. Logic may be formed from signals stored in a device memory. Software is one example of such logic. Examples of device memories that may comprise logic include RAM (random access memory), flash memories, ROMS (read-only memories), EPROMS (erasable programmable read-only memories), and EEPROMS. Logic may also be comprised by digital and/or analog hardware circuits, for example, hardware circuits comprising logical AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and other logical operations. Logic may be formed from combinations of software and hardware.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a wireless network environment. A base station controller (BSC) 104 network element is coupled to an antennae 108 to receive signals from a wireless device 133. The BSC 104 is coupled to a mobile switching center (MSC) 116 network element that is responsible, among other things, for routing calls and communications to their appropriate destination. Herein, the term “network element” refers to any one or more devices of a communication network, e.g. devices that participate at least occasionally in the operation of the network. Other components included in a typical MSC 116, such as a processor, memory, and various input/output devices, have been omitted for clarity of discussion. The MSC 116 is coupled to a terrestrial (non-wireless) communication network 114 to enable, among other things, communication with wired devices such as home and business telephones. The MSC 116 is coupled by way of the terrestrial communication network 114 to a second wireless communication network comprising MSC 126.
A service provider 160 is coupled to MSC 116 to provide services such as streaming video, multimedia messaging (for example, to help enable the Multimedia Messaging Service, or MMS, which provides for the communication of video and other advanced multimedia formats), and so on. A similar service provider 142 is coupled to MSC 126. A service provider is any device or combination of devices that provides information to terminal devices (wireless telephones, etc.) or to other service providers via the network environment.
A Home Location Registry (HLR) 120 stores records (collections of data) for users and/or terminal devices that have subscribed for access to the network comprising MSC 116. Each record may be referred to herein as user information. A second HLR 128 performs a similar function for the network comprising MSC 126. Herein, “terminal device” refers to any device employed by a user (typically a person but also possibly an autonomous or semi-autonomous device system) to access the network environment. When a device is roaming on the network (e.g. the user of the device is subscribed to a network other than the one comprising MSC 116), such user information may be stored in a Visitor Location Registry (VLR) 122. The network comprising MSC 126 also comprises a VLR 110.
In another embodiment, the user information may be stored by a network element such as a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) that is shared by one or more networks of the network environment.
An access control network element 144 controls access to the user information stored by the HLR 120. The access control 144 ensures that only those network elements of the network environment which are authorized to access the user information may do so. In one embodiment access control is provided according to an id/password scheme. The access control 144 is shown as a stand-alone network element for clarity of explanation. In practice, it may be a stand-alone device or functionally incorporated into one or more other network elements, such as the HLR 120.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of user information 202 stored in a Home Location Registry 204. In various embodiments, the user information 202 may be associated with an individual user, a terminal device, or a group of more than one users or more than one terminal devices. The user information 202 comprises media delivery preferences (also called user preferences), payment parameters, usage information, terminal capabilities, readiness information, presence information, and location information for one or more users and/or terminal devices. Media delivery (user) preferences include information about the manner in which information should be delivered to the user and/or terminal device. Payment parameters include information about how much the user is willing to pay to have information delivered, and possibly how payment will be provided. Usage information comprises information about the user's access to the network environment, possibly including how, when, how often, and for what purpose the user accessed the network environment. Usage information may include information about which services a user accesses and/or how often, and/or the most recently used and/or most frequently accessed services. In one embodiment, this information or portions thereof is collected by the MSC 116 associated with the HLR 204. Where an HSS or other central storage location is employed by multiple networks, multiple MSCs may contribute to collection and storage of the usage information for terminals and/or users, and access control may be provided according to which MSC collected the information, and/or which MSC is comprised by a home network for the user and/or terminal.
Terminal capabilities comprises information about the terminal device's capabilities to receive, process, and display information. Readiness information comprises information about the terminal device's readiness to receive information from the network, for example, if the device is ready, not ready, sleeping, on standby, and so on. Presence information comprises information about whether or not the user of the terminal device is currently present to operate and/or receive information via the terminal device. The readiness information and the presence information together may establish whether the terminal equipment is ready to receive, process, and display information, and whether the user of the terminal device is present to operate and/or receive information via the terminal.
Location information comprises information about the location of the device. Such information may be useful in determining the type of information to deliver, the quality and quantity of information to deliver, and so on. Location information may be ‘literal’, e.g. a geographic address or location, or ‘logical’, e.g. “In a Meeting”, “In Transit”, and so on.
The user information 202 may be employed by service providers and/or the network environment to determine the appropriate frame rate, frame size, compression ratio, quality of service, and so on for information delivery to terminal devices. As previously noted, a service provider is any device or combination of devices that provides information to a terminal device via the network environment. For example, service providers may provide streaming video, news feeds, stock quotes, multimedia messaging, and so on to terminal devices.
The user information 202, such as the terminal capabilities, presence information, location information, and readiness information, may be updated dynamically as circumstances change. For example, if the user changes terminals after coming home from work, new terminal capabilities, readiness information, presence information, and location information for the user may be provided from the terminal to the network and stored in the user information of the HLR 120. Terminal devices, service providers, network elements, and network operators are just some of the sources from which updates to the user information 202 may be derived.
Wireless devices may roam from one network to another. The network to which the wireless device is subscribed for access is referred to herein as the device's home network. Networks other than the home network that the device may access are referred to herein as roaming networks. In one embodiment, a terminal device attempts to access a service of a roaming network. A request to access the user information associated with the device is communicated from the roaming network to the home network. The access control 144 of the home network determines if the requesting network, service provider, or network element is authorized to access the user information for the device. For example, the service provider 142 may request to access the user information for the wireless device 133 when the wireless device 133 roams on the network comprising MSC 126. When the service provider, network, or requesting network element of the roaming network is authorized, the user information (or parts thereof) may be communicated from the HLR 120 of the home network to the VLR 110 or other storage location of the roaming network. The user information may be transferred also or alternatively to the requesting service provider and/or network element.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method to provide user information for a roaming user. At 302 a user accesses a roaming network using a terminal device. At 304 the user's identification is provided to the roaming network. For example, the terminal device may provide identification information in the form of a numeric or alphanumeric sequence. The code may identify the user of the terminal device, or may identify the terminal device and the user thereof by association. Examples of such codes are the Mobile Identification Number (MIN), the Mobile Station Identifier (MSID), Mobile Directory Number (MSN), and International Mobile Station Identifier (IMSI). At 306 the roaming network (e.g. a network element of the roaming network) and/or service provider requests from the home network of the user the user information corresponding to the user identification. Typically this will involve providing the identification to the home network, along with the request for at least part of the user information. In one embodiment, access credentials (e.g. identification and password) for the user information are provided along with the request. In another embodiment, the access credentials may be provided separately from the request. At 308 the home network provides the requested user information. The roaming network stores the user information at 310. For example, the roaming network may store the user information in the in the roaming network's VLR.
In one embodiment, roaming networks and/or service providers may purchase subscriptions from the operator of the home network in order to receive authorization to access the user information of users and/or terminals for which the network is the home network. Access may be limited to subsets of the user information. For example, some service providers may have access limited to terminal capabilities and user preferences, sufficient to determine whether the service provider can provide adequate service to the user's terminal device. Other service providers may purchase subscriptions that provide access to usage statistics, such as those services most frequently and most recently used by the user. This information may prove useful for marketing purposes. The cost of the subscription may be set according to which of the user information the service provider has access to. Of course, subscriptions are only one possible manner of compensating for access to the user information. Other manners of compensation include transaction charges (pay-per use), charging a percentage of the service price, and so on.
Network elements and service providers may interact to exchange user information in order to cooperatively provide an improved user experience when delivering services.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of terminal capability information. The terminal capability information may be organized according to categories, such as graphics, processor, memory, and communications. Of course these are merely examples of possible categories. The categories may be defined according to subsystems of the terminal device. For example, the graphics category may comprise information about the graphics subsystem of the terminal device, information such as the display size, graphics processor, and colors employed by the graphics subsystem of the terminal device. The processor category may comprise information about the main processor employed by the terminal device, information such as the processor clock speed, data size, and cache size. The memory category may comprise information about the memory subsystem of the terminal device, information such as the memory size, speed, and bit width. The communication category may comprise information about the communication capabilities of the terminal device, information such as the communication bandwidth the device supports and the codec(s) the device supports.
Templates may be created comprising terminal capabilities for classes of devices (e.g. mobile phones, set-top boxes, personal computers, etc.). A template may comprise categories and capabilities appropriate for the class of device the template represents.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of service requirement information. Service providers may provide to the network requirements for the services they provide, such as graphics, processor, memory, communications, cost, and so on. The service requirement information may be organized according to categories, such as graphics, processor, memory, and communications. Of course these are merely examples of possible categories. The categories may be defined to correspond with the categories of the terminal capabilities. For example, the graphics category may comprise information about the graphics requirements to properly render the service information, information such as the display size, graphics processor, and colors that a terminal should employ to properly render the service information to the user. The processor category may comprise information about the processing capabilities that need be employed by the terminal device to properly receive and render the service (e.g. processor speed). The memory category may comprise information about the memory requirements to properly receive and render the service on a terminal device (e.g. minimum available memory, memory speed). The communication category may comprise information about the communication requirements to properly receive and render the service on a terminal device (e.g. bandwidth, codec).
Upon receiving a service request from a terminal device, the network may attempt to match corresponding categories of the terminal capabilities and service requirements to identify services that are compatible with the terminal.
Information of the cost category of the service requirements may be compared with the payment parameters of the user information to identify services that are within the user's payment parameters.
Information of the user preference category of the service requirements may be compared with the user preferences (media delivery preferences) of the user information to identify services that can be delivered according to the user's preferences.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of handling changes in a user's terminal capabilities. The method may be employed, for example, when a user switches from using one terminal device to using another, or when the capabilities of the user's terminal change due to changing communication conditions (e.g. a user of a broadband terminal roams to an area where broadband communication is not possible via the terminal). At 602 a service request from the terminal is received. For example, the terminal may communicate a request to transact multimedia messaging, receive stock quotes, receive news feeds, and so on. At 604 the terminal capabilities for the terminal device is retrieved. The terminal capabilities may be retrieved from the user information for the user of the terminal device, e.g. from an HLR, VLR, or other storage location, or received from the terminal device itself. At 606 the terminal capabilities are matched with the service requirements of different service providers to identify those providers capable of providing the service to the terminal device. For example, while there may be several service providers capable of providing multimedia messaging to personal computers that communicate via the network, only one of the several may be capable of providing multimedia messaging to wireless telephones. Once a suitable service provider is located, the service is provided to the terminal at 608. At 610 the terminal capabilities for the user change. This could occur, as previously noted, under various circumstances. Such circumstances include a change in the terminal employed by the user, and/or changes in the communication environment of the user's terminal. At 612 the changed terminal capabilities are again matched with service requirements of the various providers, to locate a suitable provider. The service is then provided to the terminal by the suitable provider at 614.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment 700 of a wireless telephone. A wireless communication interface 706 is coupled to a memory 704 and a digital signal processor (DSP) 718. The wireless communication interface 706 converts signals of the DSP 718 and/or the memory 704 into wireless signals that may be transmitted via the antennae 702. Numerous other well-known elements of the telephone embodiment 700 have been omitted for clarity.
The memory 704 comprises terminal capabilities 710 and readiness information 712 for the telephone 700. The memory 704 further comprises logic 714 to update the readiness information 712 (and possibly also to update the terminal capabilities 710) and to communicate the readiness information 712 and terminal capabilities 710 to a network. Storing and updating the readiness information is referred to herein as ‘maintaining’ the readiness information. In one embodiment, changes to the readiness information 712 and possibly also the terminal capabilities 710 are automatically (without involving actions by a user of the wireless phone) communicated to the network, wherein the terminal capabilities and readiness information of the user information is updated accordingly. Logic 714 may comprise any set of instruction signals and/or data that may be applied to/processed by the DSP 718 or other processor of the telephone 700, or in general applied to control the operation of the phone. Logic 714 may be embodied in software, hardware, firmware, and/or combinations thereof.
The telephone 700 may comprise a location system 724 to identify the device's location to the network. The location system 724 may comprise a geographic location system, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), or a system to determine the telephone's location using cell-site triangulation. The location system 724 may also provide a logical location of the user, e.g. “In a meeting”, “In transit”, “At the Office”, and so on. The location system 724 may access information of a user profile, calendar, schedule, task list, and so on stored by the telephone in order to ascertain the telephone's logical position. The logic 714 may further operate to communicate location information via the wireless interface 706.
The telephone 700 may comprise a presence system 726 to identify whether the user is present at or near the telephone. The presence system 726 may comprise motion detection, vibration detection, keyboard and/or voice activity detection, and/or other technology to detect the user's presence. The logic 714 may further operate to communicate presence information via the wireless interface 706.
A display 716 may be employed to display information to a user of the phone 700. An input device 722 such as a keypad, buttons, touch pad, or voice recognition interface allows the user to input and/or select information of the phone 700. In one embodiment, the input device 722 may be integral with the display 716 (e.g. touch or pressure-sensitive screen). Of course, the phone 700 may also comprise other input/output technologies, such as a microphone and speakers.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a network embodiment. The network comprises network elements 802, 804, 806 coupled to the MSC 116. The network further comprises a service portal network element 808 coupled to the MSC 116. In one embodiment the MSC 116 may allocate and assign resources of the network elements 802,804,806 to create “subnetworks”, each to manage a type of network traffic. For example, one subnetwork (a collection of computational, operational, and storage resources allocated from among the network elements 802,804,806) may be assigned to handle terminal management. Another subnetwork may be assigned to handle service management, and still another to handle network management. In general, responsibility for managing and applying the user information may be divided among subnetworks according to the application to which the user information is applied. The user information of the HLR 120 may be “multiported” to allow simultaneous (or a close approximation thereof) access by the various subnetworks.
The terminal management subnetwork may interact with terminal devices to collect and store terminal capabilities. The terminal management subnetwork may be employed by other network elements to access the terminal capabilities of the user information.
When a user requests a service, the service subnetwork may employ the user information for the user to identify suitable service providers.
Network elements may employ the network management subnetwork to determine network management requirements for services and terminal devices. The network management subnetwork may access the user information to provide the network element with relevant network management information (such as how much bandwidth to allocate and the quality of service to apply to provide a particular service to a particular terminal device). The network management subnetwork may update the user information with relevant network management information received from terminal devices, service providers, and/or various network elements.
In general, at least one network element (such as the HLR 120) may be employed to store user information comprising terminal device capabilities and readiness information; another network element (such as network element 802) may access the user information and adjust media delivery parameters to the terminal device accordingly.
In one embodiment, the MSC 116 is employed to route communications to the appropriate subnetwork. Routing may be performed based upon, for example, packet headers that identify a particular communication as terminal management, service management, network management, and so on.
The resources of each subnetwork may be assigned statically, or dynamically by the MSC 116 according to, among other considerations, the amount of traffic of a particular type. Subnetwork resources include operating, memory, and processing capabilities.
The service portal 808 may be employed to locate services that are suitable to a terminal that requests the services. For example, a terminal device 133 may request streaming video service. The terminal device 133 may communicate the request to the MSC 116 via the BSC 104. The service portal 808 may communicate the request, along with terminal capabilities obtained from the terminal device 133 or from the user information, to the service providers 160, 142 (see FIG. 1). The service providers 160, 142 may in turn provide bids to the service portals. In one embodiment, the service portal 808 is a stand-alone network element. In another embodiment, the service portal 808 is comprised by the MSC 116, e.g. the service portal 808 is a functional subdivision of the MSC 116.
In one embodiment, one or more terminals and/or users may be treated collectively as a “logical user.” This may be advantageous, for example, where service information is multicast to multiple terminals/users. The user information for each user of the logical user may be accessed and processed to determine user information for the logical user (for example, using statistics, averaging, selecting the lowest or highest value, etc.) The user information for the logical user may be applied to determine media delivery parameters for the user and/or terminals of the logical user, such as a bandwidth, quality of service, frame rate, and so on.
The user preferences, payment parameters, terminal capabilities, and other user information for a user may be dynamically updated by the service portal 808 according to the user's location, the terminal device they are employing, and so on. The service portal 808 may communicate user information, such as media delivery preferences, payment parameters, usage information, terminal capabilities, and readiness information, to available service providers. Those service providers with service requirements compatible with the user information may return bids. The service portal 808 may select from among the service providers that return bids. A selected service provider may interact with other network elements (such as the service management subnetwork) to determine an appropriate service contract for the user.
A processor 814 and logic 812 of the MSC 116 may operate cooperatively to form a classifier of the communications received from the terminal device(s) 133 and the other network elements. In other embodiments, the classifier may be a separate (stand-alone) device that interfaces with the MSC 116 to monitor and classify communications.
The communication may be classified as a type of user information. More generally, the communication may be classified according to one or more applications to which it applies, e.g. terminal management, service management, or network management. In packet-switched networks, one manner of classifying the communications is to examine the communication packet headers. A router 810 may be employed to route the communications to one or more of a plurality of subnetworks comprising resources of the network elements 802, 804, 806.
The logic 812 and processor 814 may further operate on the communications to determine network usage statistics for terminal devices and/or users thereof, including a service usage history, a most recently used service, and a most frequently used service. This information may be routed to the appropriate subnetwork for further processing.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a network embodiment. A controller 904 network element is coupled to the network elements 802, 804, 806, among which responsibility for managing and applying the user information may be divided. The controller 904 may provide various functions, including access control to the user information. The controller 904 may collect user information from the network elements 802, 804, 806 and cause the user information to be stored, for example in the HLR 120. The controller 904 may read user information from the HLR 120 and provide the user information to other network elements and/or service providers 902. The controller 904 may also compare the service requirements of one or more service providers with user information to ascertain which service providers are suitable to meet a service request. The controller 904 may identify one or more suitable service providers to a terminal device that provided the service request. The terminal device, in turn, may provide a selection of the service provider to employ to deliver the service. Alternatively, the controller 904 may select a service provider on behalf of one or more terminal devices and/or users.
In one embodiment, the controller 904 may comprise logic 906 to allocate and assign resources of the network elements 802,804,806 to create “subnetworks”, each to manage a type of network traffic, similar to the function of the MSC in FIG. 8. For example, one subnetwork may handle terminal management. Another subnetwork may handle service management, and still another may handle network management. The logic 906 may be applied to provide access control to the user information.
In one embodiment, the MSC 116 is employed to route communications to the appropriate subnetwork. Routing may be performed based upon, for example, packet headers that identify a particular communication as terminal management, service management, network management, and so on.
The resources of each subnetwork may be assigned statically, or dynamically by the controller 904. One factor in determining the amount of resources to assign to a particular subnetwork is the amount of communication traffic the subnetwork will manage.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a network embodiment. The MSC 116 comprises at least one input 1016 to receive communications from one or more terminal devices 133. The MSC 116 may also receive communications from one or more other network elements 1002, via input 1016 and/or other inputs. A processor 1014 and logic 1012 may operate cooperatively to form a classifier of the communications received from the terminal device(s) 133 and the other network elements 1002. In other embodiments, the classifier may be a separate unit that interfaces with the MSC 116 to monitor and classify communications.
The communication may be classified as a type of user information, e.g. terminal capabilities, service information, and/or network information. More generally, the communication may be classified according to one or more applications to which it applies, e.g. terminal management, service management, network management, or some other application. In packet-switched networks, one manner of classifying the communications may be to examine the communication packet headers. A router 1010 may be employed to route the communications to one or more of a plurality of subnetworks 1004, 1006, 1008, according to the classification.
The logic 1012 and processor 1014 may further operate on the communications to determine network usage statistics for terminal devices and/or users thereof, including a service usage history, a most recently used service, and a most frequently used service. This information may be routed to the appropriate subnetwork for further processing.
The resources of each subnetwork 1004, 1006, 1008 may be assigned statically, or dynamically by the MSC 116. Subnetwork resources include memory and processing capabilities. Each subnetwork 1004, 1006, 1008 may be responsible for causing a type of user information to be read from and stored in a storage location of the network, such as in a home location registry 120 or home subscriber system.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a network embodiment. A plurality of service providers 1102, 1104, 1106 are coupled to the MSC 116. A terminal device 133 accesses the network via a service portal 808. The service portal receives service requests from the terminal device 133. A plurality of terminal devices may access the network via the portal 808. The portal 808 may receive terminal capabilities and payment parameters for a terminal device 133 (either from the terminal device 133 or from a storage location such as the HLR 120). The service portal 808 may also receive user preference information for a user of the terminal device 133, again from either the device 133 or from a storage location of the network. In like fashion, the service portal 808 may receive presence information, location information, and readiness information for the device 133. The portal 808 comprises logic 1110 to provide the terminal capabilities and payment parameters to one or more service providers 1102, 1104, 1106 associated with the network, and to receive and evaluate bids returned by service providers that are capable of providing a service compatible with the terminal capabilities and payment parameters. Additional information may be provided to the service providers 1102, 1104, 1106, such as the user preferences. In this manner the service providers 1102, 1104, 1106 may provide more accurate and/or meaningful bids.
In one embodiment, less user information is provided to the service providers 1102, 1104, 1106. The logic 1110 of the portal 808 operates to select which service providers to solicit bids from, based on information about the service requirements of the service providers. In other words, bids are solicited only from service providers with service requirements compatible with the terminal capabilities, payment parameters, user preferences, and so on of the terminal device 133.
The logic 1110 may operate to evaluate the bids and to select a service provider to provide the service to the terminal device 133. The logic 1110 may further operate to form a service contract with the selected service provider on behalf of the user of the terminal device 133, and to connect the selected service provider with the terminal device 133 such that the service can be delivered. The logic 1110 may also operate to update, in the network storage location (e.g. HLR, HSS), any user information for the user of the terminal device 133.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method to provide services to terminal devices. At 1202, 1204, and 1206 a service request, payment parameters, and other user information respectively are received. The other user information may comprise at least one of user preferences, presence information, location information, terminal capabilities, and readiness information. At 1208 and 1210 at least some of the user information, such as the terminal capabilities and payment parameters, is provided to a plurality of service providers. As previously noted, the amount of information provided to the service providers may vary in different embodiments. At 1212 bids are received from the service providers; the bids are evaluated, and a service provider is selected to provide the service at 1214. A service contract on behalf of the user of the terminal device is formed with the service provider at 1216.
At 1218 the terminal device is connected with the selected service provider, such that the service may be delivered to the terminal device. User information stored by the network (e.g. in the HLR or HSS or other storage location) may be updated at 1220 with information obtained from the terminal device, service provider, or other source. In this manner the user information of the network is maintained up to date.
While certain features of the invention have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefor, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such embodiments and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention. In the claims, references to “a” or “an” element do not limit the claims to a single one of the element, but instead indicate one or more of the element, unless otherwise indicated.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
forming logical user information including terminal capabilities for a plurality of terminal devices and providing the logical user information to at least one service provider;
receiving bids on fulfilling a service request from the at least one service provider;
selecting a winning service provider that provided a winning bid for fulfilling the service request;
receiving changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device;
providing to at least one service provider the changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device;
receiving bids on fulfilling the service request based at least in part on the changed terminal capabilities from the at least one service provider; and
connecting a terminal device which terminal capabilities have been changed with a second winning service provider that provided a second winning bid for fulfilling the service request.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and providing the logical user information to the at least one service provider further comprises:
applying terminal capabilities for the plurality of terminal devices.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and providing the logical user information to the at least one service provider further comprises:
applying presence information for users of the plurality of terminal devices.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and applying the logical user information to determine media delivery parameters for fulfilling the service request further comprises:
applying readiness information for the plurality of terminal devices.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and applying the logical user information to determine media delivery parameters for fulfilling the service request.

6. A network element comprising:
logic to receive service requests from a plurality of terminal devices having terminal capabilities and to form logical user information including the terminal capabilities for the plurality of terminal devices and provide the logical user information to at least one service provider;
logic to receive bids on fulfilling a service request from the at least one service provider;
logic to receive changed terminal capabilities;
logic to provide updated logical user information containing changed terminal capabilities to at least one service provider; and
logic to select a winning service provider that provided a winning bid for fulfilling the service request based on the changed terminal capabilities and to connect a terminal device with the changed terminal capability with the winning service provider.

7. The network element of claim 6, wherein the logic to receive service requests from a plurality of terminal devices and to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and provide the logical user information to the at least one service provider further comprises:
logic to apply terminal capabilities for the plurality of terminal devices.

8. The network element of claim 6, wherein the logic to receive service requests from a plurality of terminal devices and to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and provide the logical user information to the at least one service provider further comprises:
logic to apply presence information for users of the plurality of terminal devices.

9. The network element of claim 6, wherein the logic to receive service requests from a plurality of terminal devices and to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and provide the logical user information to the at least one service provider further comprises:
logic to apply readiness information for the plurality of terminal devices.

10. The network element of claim 6, further comprising:
logic to provide the at least one service provider with paid access to a repository of user information comprising an HLR or HSS.

11. The network element of claim 10, further comprising:
logic to provide the at least one service providers with access to terminal capabilities and payment parameters via paid access to the repository of user information.

12. The network element of claim 6, farther comprising:
logic to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and applying the logical user information to determine media delivery parameters for fulfilling the service request.

13. The network element of claim 12, wherein the logic to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and applying the logical user information to determine media delivery parameters for fulfilling the service request further comprises:
logic to apply presence information to determine which of the plurality of terminal devices should be considered when forming the logical user information.

14. The network element of claim 12, wherein the logic to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and applying the logical user information to determine media delivery parameters for fulfilling the service request further comprises:
logic to apply readiness information to determine which of the plurality of terminal devices should be considered when forming the logical user information.

15. A network element, comprising:
logic to receive service requests from a plurality of terminal devices and to form logical user information for the plurality of terminal devices and provide the logical user information to at least one service provider;
logic to receive bids on fulfilling a service request from the at least one service provider;
logic to provide the at least one service provider with paid access to a repository of user information comprising an HLR or HSS;
logic to provide the at least one service providers with access to terminal capabilities and payment parameters via paid access to the repository of user information;
logic to provide changed terminal capabilities for a terminal device and payment parameters for a user of the terminal device to the at least one service provider;
logic to receive bids on fulfilling the service request; and
logic to select a winning service provider that provided a winning bid for fulfilling the service request based on the changed terminal capabilities, and to connect the terminal device with the winning service provider.

16. A method comprising:
receiving a service request from a terminal device;
providing at least one service provider with terminal capabilities and at least one of subscription access, pay-per-use, or percentage of bid access to a repository of user information;
receiving bids on fulfilling the service request from the at least one service provider;
selecting a first winning service provider that provided a winning bid for fulfilling the service request;
receiving changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device;
providing to at least one service provider the changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device;
receiving bids on fulfilling the service request based at least in part on the changed terminal capabilities from the at least one service provider; and
connecting the terminal device which terminal capabilities have been changed with a second winning service provider that provided a second winning bid for fulfilling the service request.

17. A method comprising:
receiving a service request from a terminal device;
providing terminal capabilities and payment parameters for a user of the terminal device to at least one service provider;
receiving bids on fulfilling the service request from the at least one service provider;
connecting the terminal device with a first winning service provider that provided a first winning bid for fulfilling the service request;
receiving changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device;
providing the changed terminal capabilities for the terminal device and the payment parameters to at least one service provider;
receiving bids on fulfilling the service request based at least in part on the changed terminal capabilities from the at least one service provider; and
connecting the terminal device which terminal capabilities have been changed with a second winning service provider that provided a second winning bid for fulfilling the service request.