This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent *

except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.

The Honorable Barbara M.G. Lynn, United States District Judge for **

the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TANYA SCHWENK; et al.,

 Plaintiffs - Appellants,

 v.

COUNTY OF ALAMEDA; et al.,

 Defendants - Appellees.

No. 07-16525

D.C. No. CV-07-00849-SBA

MEMORANDUM *

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

Saundra B. Armstrong, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted December 9, 2009

San Francisco, California

Before: SCHROEDER and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and LYNN, District ** 

Judge.

Tanya Schwenk and her son, Christopher Schwenk, appeal the district

court’s order granting the appellees’ motion to dismiss their § 1983 complaint. We

FILED

FEB 02 2010

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
 Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we repeat them here only as

1

necessary to the disposition of this case.

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have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and

remand for further proceedings.1

The district court erred by dismissing the case in light of Tanya Schwenk’s

well-pleaded allegation that she was Christopher’s legal custodian. When ruling

on the motion to dismiss, the district court was required to take as true Schwenk’s

allegation of legal custody, unless contradicted by a matter properly before the

court. See Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors, 266 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir. 2001). 

The district court properly took judicial notice of an interim order of the Alameda

County Family Court, dated May 11, 2004, which transferred physical custody of

Christopher from Tanya Schwenk to his father and which gave Tanya Schwenk

“visitation with [Christopher] every Sunday at 7:30 a.m. until Sunday at 9:00 p.m.” 

See Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689 (9th Cir. 2001); Fed. R. Evid.

201. However, because the order was silent on the matter of legal custody, the

district court erred by concluding that Tanya Schwenk did not have a legal basis to

challenge the seizure of Christopher. Burke v. County of Alameda, 586 F.3d 725,

733 (9th Cir. 2009) (noting that a parent without physical custody may have legal

custody, and recognizing such parent’s liberty interest in the care, custody, and
 We agree with the district court that appellees’ arguments urging dismissal 2

under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine are without merit. See Exxon Mobil Corp. v.

Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005). 

3

management of their children); see also Brittain v. Hansen, 451 F.3d 982, 992 (9th

Cir. 2006) (recognizing that parents without legal custody but with visitation rights

maintain a liberty interest in the care, custody, and management of their children,

albeit a reduced one); Cal. Fam. Code § 3003. 

We affirm the dismissal as to Lacativo on the basis of qualified immunity. 

At the time of the alleged conduct, we had not yet decided Burke, which expressly

held that “parents with legal custody, regardless of whether they also possess

physical custody of their children” have a liberty interest in the care, custody, and

management of their children. 586 F.3d at 731, 733-34. Accordingly, the right

was not yet clearly established, id. at 734, and Lacativo is entitled to qualified

immunity. Pearson v. Callahan, 129 S.Ct. 808, 815 (2009). 

Because the district court erred in its assessment of appellants’ alleged

rights, the court, on remand, should reevaluate their claims against the County

pursuant to Monell v. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 694 (1978). On remand, 2

the district court should also address the claims purportedly asserted by

Christopher Schwenk, as to which its earlier order was silent.
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AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part, and REMANDED for further

proceedings. Each party shall bear its own costs.