# Patent

## Title
Phase locked loop for controlling a recording device and method thereof

## Abstract

A PLL system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal is disclosed. The PLL system includes a clock generator to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the frequency-divided signal; and a phase-shift detector for detecting a position difference between the physical address and an updated logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal. The PLL system also includes an adder for updating a detected logical address with a random value to output the updated logical address to the position difference detector; and a phase-controllable frequency divider for generating the frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/383,754, entitled “Phase Locked Loop for controlling an optical recording device and method thereof”, which was filed on 2006 May 16, and is itself a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/710,934, entitled “Phase Locked Loop for controlling an optical recording device and method thereof”, which was filed on 2004 Aug. 13. Both of the above-mentioned applications are included herein by reference.


BACKGROUND
The invention relates to a phase locked loop for controlling a recording device, and more particularly, to a phase locked loop having a phase-shift detector and a phase-controllable frequency divider for controlling an optical recording device.
In a conventional recordable optical disk, such as a DVD-R/RW disk or a DVD+R/RW disk, a wobble signal is used as a reference to generate a write clock for recording data on an optical disk. A phase locked loop (PLL) is commonly applied for generating the required write clock with reference to the wobble signal. Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a diagram of a related art PLL 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the related art PLL 10 generates an output clock in response to a wobble signal extracted from the wobble tracks on a recordable optical disk. The output clock is used as the reference for the recording bit clock. The PLL 10 includes a phase detector (PD) 20, a charge pump 30, a loop filter 40, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 50, and a frequency divider 60. The PD 20 is used to output a phase error signal to the charge pump 30 by detecting the phase difference between the wobble signal and a divided signal generated from the frequency divider 60. The charge pump 30 is used to generate a voltage based on the phase error signal from the PD 20. After the loop filter 40 receives the voltage outputted from the charge pump 30, the loop filter 40 outputs a control voltage to control the following VCO 50. The VCO 50 receives the control voltage outputted from the loop filter 40, and generates the output clock according to the control voltage. Generally, the frequency of the output clock signal is higher than that of the wobble signal, so that the frequency divider 60 is required for dividing the frequency of the output clock outputted from the VCO 50 to generate the frequency-divided signal delivered to the PD 20.
However, the related art PLL 10 cannot always make the phase of the output clock synchronize with the phase of the wobble signal due to the limitation of the PD 20, which is called the phase shift phenomenon. Please refer to FIG. 2, which illustrates the phase shift phenomenon of the related art. The horizontal axis represents the phase difference θe between the wobble signal and the frequency-divided signal inputted into the PD 20, and the vertical axis stands for the phase error μd outputted from the PD 20. The symbol ΔWd is the detection range of the PD 20. As shown in FIG. 2, it can be easily seen that the phase difference θe is not necessarily equal to zero when the phase error μd equals zero. If the phase difference θe is within the detection range ΔWd of PD 20, such as the point B shown in FIG. 2, the PLL 10 tracks and reduces the phase difference θe to zero (the point A shown in FIG. 2). However, if the phase difference θe is outside the detection range ΔWd of the PD 20, such as the point C shown in FIG. 2, the outputted phase error μd makes the PLL 10 lock the phase to the nearest zero-crossing point (the point D shown in FIG. 2), rather than the desired one (the point A shown in FIG. 2). Therefore, the appearance of the phase shift phenomenon causes the PLL 10 to malfunction.
In the application of recording data on an optical disk, if the phase shift phenomenon occurs, the length of recorded data, which is synchronous to the output clock of the PLL 10, will be longer or shorter than a normal length. Please refer to FIG. 3, which illustrates the recording offset of the related art. FIG. 3(a) shows the case where the length of recorded data is longer than a normal length, and FIG. 3(b) shows another case where the length of recorded data is shorter than the normal length. Suppose that the normal length of each data block is L. As shown in FIG. 3, the length W1 of the data block DATA1 is longer than the normal length L. Therefore, a recording offset D1 is introduced to the recording process, and affects the recording position of the following data blocks DATA2 and DATA3. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3, the length W2 of the data block DATA4 is shorter than the normal length L, and a recording offset D2 is generated. Therefore, the recording position of the following data blocks DATA5 and DATA6 are affected accordingly. The length variation of recorded data causes the position of recorded data to be shifted from the normal position specified by the recording specification. As mentioned above, each recording offset due to the phase shift phenomenon is accumulated, which is a serious problem of the recording.
SUMMARY
It is therefore one of the primary objectives of the claimed invention to provide a PLL having a phase-shift detector and a phase-controllable frequency divider for generating a recording clock to solve the above-mentioned problem.
According to the embodiment of the claimed invention, a PLL system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal is disclosed. The PLL system comprises a clock generator receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal; a phase-shift detector generating a phase adjusting signal; a phase-controllable frequency divider connected to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal; and at least a second phase locked loop (PLL) coupled to the output signal, for generating a second output signal according to the output signal.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a phase locked loop (PLL) system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal is disclosed. The output signal is used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium. The PLL system comprises: a clock generator for receiving the first reference signal and a frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the frequency-divided signal, wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from the storage medium; and a phase-shift detector, comprising: a physical address detector detecting a physical address on the storage medium; and a position difference detector for detecting a position difference between the physical address and an updated logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal. The PLL system also comprises a phase-controllable frequency divider connected to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal; an adder, coupled to the position difference detector, for combining a detected logical address of the recording data and a random value to update the detected logical address and output an updated logical address to the position difference detector; and a random value generator, coupled to the adder, for generating the random value to the adder at each write operation.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a phase locked loop (PLL) system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal is disclosed. The output signal is used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium, and the PLL system comprises: a clock generator for receiving the first reference signal and a frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the frequency-divided signal, wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from the storage medium; and a phase-shift detector, comprising: a physical address detector detecting a physical address on the optical medium; at least a mapping unit, coupled to the physical address detector, for mapping the physical address to a specific disc standard; a multiplexer, coupled to the mapping unit and the physical address detector, for outputting a resultant physical address according to a disc type selection signal; and a position difference detector, coupled to the multiplexer, for detecting a position difference between the resultant physical address and a logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal. The PLL system also comprises a phase-controllable frequency divider, coupled to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector, for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal.
In addition, according to an embodiment of the claimed invention, a method for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal is disclosed. The method comprises receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate a first output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal; generating a phase adjusting signal; dividing the frequency of the first output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal; receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal; dividing the frequency of the first output signal by a second frequency dividing ratio to generate the second frequency-divided signal; and receiving the first output signal and the second frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal.
A method according to another embodiment of the present invention is also disclosed. The method comprises: receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal; generating a phase adjusting signal, comprising: detecting a physical address on a storage medium; generating a random value; adding the random value to a detected logical address of the recording data to update the detected logical address; and detecting a position difference between the physical address and the updated logical address of the recording data to generate the phase adjusting signal; dividing the frequency of the output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal; receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal.
A method according to another embodiment of the present invention is also disclosed. The method comprises: receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal; detecting a physical address on the disc; mapping the physical address to a specific disc standard; generating a disc type selection signal; outputting a resultant physical address according to the disc type selection signal; detecting a difference between the resultant physical address and a logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal; dividing the frequency of the output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal; receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal.
It is an advantage of the claimed invention that the frequency divider positioned at the feedback path is phase-controllable. Therefore, the problem of related art phase shift phenomenon is solved through controlling the phase-controllable frequency divider, and the recording quality is greatly improved. Furthermore, no matter how large the phase shift is, the claimed invention is capable of making the phase of the output clock lock to the correct phase.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a related art PLL.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the phase shift phenomenon in the related art.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the problem of the recording offset in the related art.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a phase locked loop (PLL) system according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of tuning a count value utilized by a phase-controllable frequency divider shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating the operations of a phase-shift detector and the phase-controllable frequency divider shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the operation of adjusting the phase of an output clock locked in a wrong point to the correct point according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrates the operation of the PLL system shown in FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the PLL system shown in FIG. 15.
FIG. 17 is a block diagram of another system according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the system shown in FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a PLL system according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a block diagram of a phase locked loop (PLL) system 110 according to the present invention. The PLL system 110 includes a phase-controllable frequency divider 160, a phase-shift detector 170, a phase detector (PD) 120, a charge pump 130, a loop filter 140, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 150. The function of the PD 120, the charge pump 130, the loop filter 140, and the VCO 150 is the same as that of the those components of the same name in the related art PLL 10, and thus the lengthy description is omitted here for simplicity. The phase-shift detector 170 is used to detect the direction and the amount of the phase shift, and outputs a phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160. The phase-controllable frequency divider 160 is capable of dividing the frequency of the output clock to generate a frequency-divided signal, and adjusting the phase of the frequency-divided signal according to the detection result outputted from the phase-shift detector 170. In this embodiment, the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 has a counter 162 for storing a count value CNT. This count value CNT determines the phase associated with the frequency-divided signal. The operations of the phase-shift detector 170 and the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 are further detailed as follows.
Please refer to FIG. 5 in conjunction with FIG. 4. FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of tuning the count value CNT utilized by the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 shown in FIG. 4. As mentioned above, the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 is connected to the VCO 150 for receiving the output clock. In this embodiment, the counter 162 within the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 is triggered by each cycle of the output clock, and then the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 controls the phase of the frequency-divided signal according to the count value CNT of the counter 162, in which the threshold value N is the dividing ratio of the phase-controllable frequency divider 160. In other words, if the frequency of the output clock is equal to F, the frequency of the frequency-divided signal equals (F÷N). As described before, the phase shift phenomenon in the related art affects the PLL system 110 to lock to the desired phase for the output clock. To solve the problem of phase shift phenomenon, the phase-shift detector 170 measures the actual phase shift deviated from the desired phase, and outputs the phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 according to the detected phase shift. In this embodiment, an offset value is transmitted to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 through the phase-adjusting signal. The operation of setting the count value CNT is detailed as follows. When the counter 162 within the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 is triggered by a rising edge or a falling edge of a cycle of the output clock, the count value CNT is required to be updated (step 182). Then, the existence of the offset value is checked (step 183). If the phase-shift detector 170 detects a phase shift affecting the output clock, the offset value is delivered to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 and the count value CNT is updated by a new value equaling CNT+offset+1 (step 184). On the contrary, if the phase-shift detector 170 detects no phase shift affecting the output clock, the count value CNT is updated by a new value equaling CNT+1 (step 185). Then, if the newly updated count value CNT is equal to or larger than the threshold value N, the count value CNT is further updated by a new value equaling CNT-N (step 187).
Please refer to FIG. 6 in conjunction with FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 6 is a timing diagram illustrating the operations of the phase-shift detector 170 and the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 shown in FIG. 4, in which the dividing ratio N is equal to 8 and the waveform of the frequency-divided signal is equal to the logic value of that the count value CNT≧4. As shown in FIG. 6(a), if the phase-shift detector 170 is disabled, the count value CNT is counted normally, and the rising edge of the frequency-divided signal S is aligned to when the count value CNT is equal to 4. However, when the phase-shift detector 170 is activated to detect the phase shift for generating the offset value, the count value CNT is tuned to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal S. As shown in FIG. 6(b), It is easily seen that the phase of the frequency-divided signal S is controlled to lead the phase of the frequency-divided signal S of FIG. 6(a) when the offset value is set to a positive value (e.g. +1 or +2). As shown in FIG. 6(c), the phase of the frequency-divided signal S is controlled to lag the phase of the frequency-divided signal of FIG. 6(a) when the offset value is set to a negative value (e.g. −1 or −2). As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the phase-shift detector 170 does not transfer any phase-shift signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160, the offset value is 0 and the counter 162 sequentially counts the cycles of the output clock for generating the frequency-divided signal. If, however, the phase-shift detector 170 transfers the phase-shift signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 160, the offset value is +1, +2, −1, or −2, and the count value CNT is changed according to the inputted offset value, so that the phase of the frequency-divided signal is therefore shifted according to the phase shift detected by the phase-shift detector 170.
In addition to the method shown in FIG. 5, it can also adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal by temporarily altering the dividing ratio of the counter 162. The phase of the frequency-divided signal is changed if the dividing ratio of the counter 162 varies. In other words, one period of the frequency-divided signal outputted from the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 is increased or decreased according to the phase-adjusting signal from the phase-shift detector 170. For example, the counter 162 can be a counter that increases normally and is normalized to zero when the value of the counter is equal to the adjustable threshold value N, in which the threshold value N is adjusted according to the phase-adjusting signal from the phase-shift detector 170.
Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a diagram illustrating the operation of adjusting the phase of the output clock locked in a wrong point to reach a correct point according to the present invention. The horizontal axis represents the phase difference between the wobble signal and the frequency-divided signal inputted into the PD 120, and the vertical axis stands for the phase error outputted from the PD 120. In FIG. 7, the circular symbol “◯” is used to represent the phase of the frequency-divided signal outputted from the phase-controllable frequency divider 160, and the triangular symbol “Δ” is used to represent the phase of the output clock. As shown in FIG. 7(a), a situation is shown where the output clock is locked to an incorrect phase at the zero-crossing point pt2, rather than the correct phase at the zero-crossing point pt1. Initially, in FIG. 7(a), the phase of the frequency-divided signal is equal to the phase of the output clock, so that the circular symbol “◯” and the triangular symbol “Δ” are placed at the same point pt2.
Firstly, as shown in FIG. 7(b), the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 adjusts the phase of the frequency-divided signal by a phase increment θp1 to increase the phase difference between the wobble signal and the frequency-divided signal according to the phase-adjusting signal outputted from the phase-shift detector 170. After the phase of the frequency-divided signal is adjusted, the phase of the frequency-divided signal (the circle symbol “◯”) is moved with the distance of θp1 away from the point pt2, while the phase of the output clock (the triangle symbol “Δ”) is still at the point pt2. Then, as shown in FIG. 7(c), the PLL system 110 works to minimize the phase error signal of the phase detector (PD) 120. That is, the PLL system 110 lags the phase of the output clock (the triangle symbol “Δ”) by the phase increment θp1 to make the phase of the frequency-divided signal (the circle symbol “◯”) back into the nearest zero-crossing point, i.e. the point pt2. As a result, the overall phase shift of the output clock is reduced with a mount of θp1. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 7(d), the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 further adjusts the phase of the frequency-divided signal by a phase increment θp2 to increase the phase difference between the wobble signal and the frequency-divided signal according to the phase-adjusting signal outputted from the phase-shift detector 170. After the phase of the frequency-divided signal is adjusted, the phase of the frequency-divided signal is moved with the distance of θp2 away from the point pt2, At this time, the accumulated phase adjust is equal to θp1+θp2, which is also the difference between the phase of the frequency-divided signal and the output clock. Then, as shown in FIG. 7(e), the PLL system 110 works again to minimize the phase error signal of the phase detector (PD) 120. That is, the PLL system 110 lags the phase of the output clock by the phase increment θp2 to make the phase of the frequency-divided signal back into the point pt2. As a result, the overall phase shift of the output clock is further reduced by an additional mount of θp2. Finally, as shown in FIG. 7(f), the phase-controllable frequency divider 160 further adjusts the phase of the frequency-divided signal by a phase increment θp3 to increase the phase difference between the wobble signal and the frequency-divided signal according to the phase-adjusting signal outputted from the phase-shift detector 170. After the phase of the frequency-divided signal is adjusted, the phase of the frequency-divided signal is moved with the distance of θp3 away from the point pt2, At this time, the accumulated phase adjust is equal to θp1+θp2+θp3, which is also the difference between the phase of the frequency-divided signal and the output clock. Then, as shown in FIG. 7(g), the PLL system 110 works again to minimize the phase error signal of the phase detector (PD) 120. That is, the PLL system 110 lags the phase of the output clock by the phase increment θp3 to make the phase of the frequency-divided signal back into the point pt2. As a result, the overall phase shift of the output clock is further reduced by an additional mount of θp3. As mentioned above, the offset values computed by the phase-shift detector 170 are capable of gradually tuning the phase of the output clock to eliminate the related art phase shift phenomenon imposed upon the output clock.
When the phase adjusting operation responds to the output of VCO 150, the variation of output clock is very smooth due to the loop filter 140. Please note that the phase adjustments θp1, θp2, θp3 are suggested not exceeding a half of the detection range ΔWd to make the control of the phase adjusting as simple as possible. If one phase adjustment θp is greater than half the detection range ΔWd, the PLL system 110 locks the phase of the output clock to another phase further deviated from the desired one, which means the control of the phase adjusting is complex. Besides, no matter how large the amount of unwanted phase shift is, the present invention is capable of adjusting the phase shift by a plurality of phase adjustments. As mentioned above, the phase adjustment θp can be smaller than half the detection range ΔWd. For example, if the detection range ΔWd is 8 T and the initial amount of detected phase shift is 48 T, the selected phase increment θp can be defined as 2 T and it only needs 24 (48 T/2 T) times of phase adjustments to compensate the phase shift imposed upon the output clock. Moreover, it needs to keep the time between two adjacent phase adjustments long enough to make the PLL system 110 minimize the phase error caused by the phase adjustment.
Please note that the components of the same name among the PLL system 110 shown in FIG. 4 and the following embodiments have the same functionality and operation. Therefore, the lengthy description for the identical component in each alternative embodiment disclosed later is not repeated for simplicity.
Please refer to FIG. 8, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 210 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The PLL system 210 comprises a first PD 220, a charge pump 230, a loop filter 240, a VCO 250, a phase-controllable frequency divider 260, and a phase-shift detector 270. In this embodiment, the phase-shift detector comprises a second PD 280 and a frequency divider 290. The frequency divider 290 divides the frequency of the output clock, and sends the divided clock into the second PD 280. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the second PD 280 is capable of detecting the phase difference between the divided clock of the frequency divider 290 and the wobble signal to estimate the phase shift imposed upon the output clock. Please note that the phase-controllable frequency divider 260 divides the frequency of the output clock by N, but the frequency divider 290 is used to divide the frequency of the output clock by K, where K>N, to make the detection range of the second PD 280 larger than the one of the first PD 220. For example, assume that k is set to 32, and N is set to 8. Concerning the DVD+R/RW application that the period of the wobble signal is 32 T, if the phase shift is larger than 4 T but lower than 16 T, the first PD 220 is unable to detect the phase shift, but the second PD 280 can detect this phase shift. Therefore, the phase shift detector 270 of this embodiment is capable of generating the phase-adjusting signals to the phase-controllable frequency divider 260 according to the detected phase shift.
Similarly, please refer to FIG. 9, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 310 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The PLL system 310 also comprises a first PD 320, a charge pump 330, a loop filter 340, a VCO 350, a phase-controllable frequency divider 360, and a phase-shift detector 370. In addition, the phase-shift detector 370 comprises a second PD 380, a first divider 390, and a second divider 400. The only difference between the first embodiment and this second embodiment is the second divider 400, which divides the wobble signal so that the detection range is capable of being larger than that in the first embodiment.
Please refer to FIG. 10, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 410 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The PLL system 410 also comprises a first PD 420, a charge pump 430, a loop filter 440, a VCO 450, a phase-controllable frequency divider 460, and a phase-shift detector 470. The phase-shift detector 470 comprises a second PD 480. Here, the output clock is outputted into the recorder 490 as the reference for the recording bit clock. In this embodiment, the recorder 490 outputs a recording sync signal, which is synchronous to the recording data, to the second PD 480 as a reference. As shown in FIG. 10, the second PD 480 generates phase-adjusting signals according to the phase difference between the wobble signal and the recording sync signal from the recorder 490. For example, in the application of DVD+R/RW or DVD-RW, each 1456 recording bits plus 32 bits frame sync for total 1488 recording bits are constructed into a frame. In this case, the recording sync signal can be the frame sync signal that is synchronous to the frame sync of the recording data. In addition, the phase-shift detector 470 can further comprise an optional frequency divider 500 shown in FIG. 10. This optional frequency divider 500 divides the frequency of the wobble signal. Thus, the detection range of the second PD 480 is enlarged.
In addition to the wobble signal, the wobble tracks on a recordable optical disk also comprises some address information corresponding to a location on the recordable optical disk, which is called the physical address and is used to find the position where the recording data to be recorded, such as the ADIP (Address-in-Pregroove) information for the DVD+R/RW and the LPP (Land Pre-pits) information for the DVD-R/RW The information related to the physical address can also be used as the reference for the phase-shift detector. Please refer to FIG. 11, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 510 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is quite similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 10. However, the phase-shift detector 570 comprises an ADIP unit sync detector 590. This embodiment is applied to the application of DVD+R/RW. The ADIP unit sync detector 590 can generate an ADIP unit sync signal used for indicating the phase change of the first wobble within an ADIP unit (8 wobbles). According to the DVD+R/RW specification, the period of one ADIP unit corresponds to 93 wobbles. As shown in FIG. 11, the phase-shift detector 570 uses the ADIP unit sync signal and the divided output clock generated from the frequency divider 600 to generate the phase-adjusting signal.
Please refer to FIG. 12, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 610 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12. It is the same that the recording sync signal is utilized as a reference of the second PD 680. The difference is to utilize the ADIP unit sync signal as another reference of the second PD 680. Therefore, the phase-shift detector 670 generates the phase-adjusting signal according to the phase difference between the recording sync signal and the ADIP unit sync signal. According to the DVD+R/RW specification, an ideal phase difference between the beginning of the odd frame of recording data and the beginning of an ADIP unit is defined to be 16 wobbles, and the actual phase difference between them can be obtained by detecting the actual phase difference between the recording sync signal and the ADIP unit sync signal. If the actual phase difference is different from the ideal one, the phase shift imposed upon the output clock can be correctly estimated.
Additionally, in the fourth and fifth embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, if a larger detection range of the phase shift is required, the ADIP unit sync signal can be replaced by an ADIP word sync signal, which is used to indicate the position of the ADIP word sync. Besides, as mentioned above, the fourth and fifth embodiments are utilized in the application of DVD+R/RW that a DVD+R/RW disk has ADIP information thereon. In the application of DVD-R/RW, it can replace the ADIP unit sync signal with the land pre-pit (LPP) sync signal as a reference of the phase-shift detector.
As mentioned above, the phase-shift detector generates phase-adjusting signals according to the phase difference between two reference signals (for example, a wobble signal and an ADIP unit sync signal). In fact, it can also generate phase-adjusting signals according to the position difference between the ideal position and the actual position of recording data. As shown in FIG. 3, the data length of the recorded data is too long or too short due to the phase shift phenomenon, and it can detect the position deviation estimate the phase shift. Please refer to FIG. 13, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 710 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the phase-shift detector 770 comprises a position difference detector 780 instead of the phase detector utilized in above-mentioned embodiments. The output clock is inputted into the encoder 800 for driving the encoder 800 for encoding and recording the recording data, in which a recording data address corresponding to the recording data can be provided. When the recording data are being recorded onto a recordable optical disk, the encoder 800 outputs the corresponding recording data address to the position difference detector 780.
In this embodiment, the phase-shift detector 770 further comprises a physical address detector 790 for detecting the physical address on the recordable optical disk (e.g. a DVD+R/RW disk or a DVD-R/RW disk) through a well-known push-pull signal detected from the recordable optical disk. The phase-shift detector 770 generates the phase-adjusting signal according to the position difference between the recording data address and the detected physical address. In this embodiment, the phase-shift detector 770 generates the phase-adjusting signal according to whether the difference between the recording data address and the detected physical address is different from an ideal one.
Please refer to FIG. 14, which illustrates the operation of the PLL system 710 shown in FIG. 13. The track TRACK0 shows the ideal positions of a plurality of data blocks DATA1, DATA2, DATA3, DATA4. It is obvious that each of the data blocks DATA1, DATA2, DATA3, DATA4 has an identical data length. Concerning the track TRACK0′, it shows that a data block DATA1′ affected by the phase shift has a data length longer than the one of the data block DATA1. The position difference detector 780 detects a position difference d1, and outputs a corresponding phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 760. Next, the phase-controllable frequency divider 760 adjusts the phase of an outputted frequency-divided signal during recording of the data block DATA2′. When the next data block DATA2′ is recorded, the position difference d2 is less than the original position difference d1 due to the phase operation corresponding to the detected position difference d1. Similarly, after the phase adjusting operation corresponding to the detected position difference d2 during recording of the data block DATA3′, the position difference d3 of the data block DATA3′ is less than the previous position difference d2. In the end, the end position of the data block DATA4′ will be aligned to a correct position.
Concerning the track TRACK0′′, it shows that a data block DATA1′′ affected by the related art phase shift. And has a data length shorter than the one of the data block DATA1. The position difference detector 780 detects a position difference D1, and then outputs a corresponding phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 760. Next, the phase-controllable frequency divider 760 adjusts the phase of an outputted frequency-divided signal during recording the data block DATA2′′. When the next data block DATA2′′ is recorded, the position difference D2 is less than the original position difference D1 due to the operation of phase adjust corresponding to the detected position difference D1. Similarly, after the operation of phase adjust corresponding to the detected position difference D2 during recording the data block DATA3′′, the position difference D3 of the data block DATA3′ is less than the previous position difference D2. In the end, the end position of the data block DATA4′′ is aligned to a correct position.
Please refer to FIG. 15, which is a block diagram of a PLL system 810 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 13. The only difference is that the phase-shift detector 870 further comprises a logical address detector 900. The logical address detector 900 receives the reproduced EFM signal read from the recordable optical disk and outputs the logical address to the position difference detector 880 according to the reproduced EFM signal. Therefore, the position difference detector 880 is capable of detecting a position difference between the physical address detected from the push-pull signal and the detected logical address detected from reproduced EFM signal to generate the phase-adjusting signal. For example, in a DVD-R/RW or DVD+R/RW disk, a data sector is the smallest addressable logical unit of the recorded data, and the beginning of each data sector contains a sector sync code and 4 bytes of the identification data (ID) that contains a 3-byte sector number. In this example, the logical address can be comprised of the sector sync code and the sector number of the recorded data sector.
Please refer to FIG. 16, which is a diagram illustrating the operation of the PLL system 810 shown in FIG. 15. Similar to FIG. 16, the track TRACK1 shows the ideal positions of a plurality of data blocks DATA5, DATA6, DATA7, DATA8, It is obvious that each of the data blocks DATA5, DATA6, DATA7, DATA8 has an identical data length.
Concerning a data block DATA5′ having been recorded onto a recordable optical disk at previous recording operation and having a data length longer than a desired data length defined by the data block DATA5. When the logical address detector 900 receives the reproduced EFM signal generated from the data block DATA5′ recorded on the recordable disk, the logical address detector 900 detects a logical address of the data block DATA5′. In addition, the physical address is detected by the physical address detector 890 through a well-known push-pull signal read from the recordable optical disk. Then, the position difference detector 880 detects an initial position difference dini, of the recorded data block DATA5′ and outputs a phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 880 according to the initial position difference dini. Next, the phase-controllable frequency divider 860 adjusts the phase of an outputted frequency-divided signal. In this embodiment, because the reproduced EFM signal is not available after the recording operation starts, the phase-shift detector 870 detects the initial position difference dini of the recorded data block DATA5′ and memorizes it before the recording operation starts. After the recording operation starts, the phase-shift detector 870 outputs a phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 880 according to the memorized initial position difference dini, so that the data lengths of following data blocks are gradually reduced. In the end, the end position of the data block DATA8′ is aligned to a correct position.
Concerning a data block DATA5′′ having been recorded onto the recordable optical disk at previous recording operation and having a data length shorter than a desired data length defined by the data block DATA5. When the logical address detector 900 receives the reproduced EFM signal generated from the data block DATA5′′ recorded on the recordable disk, the logical address detector 900 detects a logical address of the data block DATA5′′. In addition, the physical address is detected by the physical address detector 890 through a well-known push-pull signal read from the recordable optical disk. Then, the position difference detector 880 detects an initial position difference Dini of the recorded data block DATA5′′ and memorizes it before the recording operation starts. After the recording operation starts, the position difference detector 880 outputs a phase-adjusting signal to the phase-controllable frequency divider 880 according to the memorized initial position difference Dini, so that the data lengths of following data blocks are gradually increased. In the end, the end position of the data block DATA8′′ is aligned to a precise position.
Please refer to FIG. 17, which is a block diagram of another system 910 according to the present invention. The system 910 includes a recorder 990, a phase-shift detector 970, a phase detector (PD) 920, a charge pump 930, a loop filter 940, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 950, and a frequency divider 960. The function of the PD 920, the charge pump 930, the loop filter 940, the VCO 950, and a frequency divider 960 is the same as that of the those components of the same name in the related art PLL 10, and the function of the phase-shift detector 970 is the same as that of the PLL system 110, so that the lengthy description is omitted here for simplicity. The recorder 990 receives the output clock from the VCO 950 as the reference clock for recording data, and further receives the phase-adjusting signal from the phase-shift detector 970 for inserting or deleting one bit or more of recording data to be recorded.
Please refer to FIG. 18 that is a timing diagram illustrating the operations of the recorder 990 in the application of DVD+R/RW or DVD-RW, where a normal frame of recording data contain 1488 recording bits. As shown in FIG. 18(a), if the phase-shift detector 970 is disabled, the length of the frame 1, frame 2, and frame 3 is normal and equal to 1488 T. As shown in FIG. 18(b), when the phase-shift detector 970 detects that the phase of the output lock lags the ideal phase, the recorder 990 deletes the last bit of the frame 1′ and the deleted bit is discarded to be recorded, which leads the position of the following frame 2′ and frame 3′. As shown in FIG. 18(c), when the phase-shift detector 970 detects that the phase of the output lock leads the ideal phase, the recorder 990 inserts one dummy bit at the end of the frame 1′′ and the inserted dummy bit is recorded, which lags the position of the following frame 2′′ and frame 3′′. By deleting or inserting one bit at the end of a frame according to the phase-adjusting signal, the recorder 990 can compensate the phase shift detected by the phase-shift detector 970.
Please refer again to FIG. 4 and to FIG. 19. FIG. 19 is a diagram of a PLL system 1010 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the two diagrams, FIG. 19 includes the phase locked loop (PLL) 110 shown in FIG. 4, but also includes a second PLL 1080 coupled to the output of the VCO 1050. As operation of the components having the same name as those in FIG. 4 is also the same, further details are omitted for brevity. As detailed in the description of FIG. 4, the first PLL will generate a frequency divided output signal. If it is desired to use the output signal as a reference clock for another circuit, for example a digital circuit or a low frequency circuit, the frequency of the output clock may be too high. By inputting the output signal from the VCO 1250 to the second PLL 1080, an output clock with a still lower frequency can be generated, while the phase is also controlled. Please note that the PLL 1080 may comprise the same components as the first PLL (110 in FIG. 4), but this is not a limitation of the present invention, and any PLL that has the function of generating a frequency divided output clock can be utilized as the second PLL 1080 and this also falls within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although FIG. 19 only shows a second PLL 1080 added at the output of the VCO 1050, this is merely an example and many PLLs can be cascaded at the output of the VCO 1050, so the input signal may go through more than two loops before an output clock is generated.
Please refer again to FIGS. 13 and 15. In the PLL system 710 shown in FIG. 13, a difference between a detected physical address on the disk and a recorded data address is utilized for generating a phase adjusting signal to ensure data is written in a desired location on the disk. Similarly, in the PLL system 810 shown in FIG. 15 a difference between a detected physical address on the disk and a detected logical address is utilized for generating the phase adjusting signal. A problem that may occur is that the quality of the disk at the point at which the write occurs will deteriorate over repeated writes. Please refer to FIGS. 20 and 21. FIGS. 20 and 21 are diagrams of PLL systems 1110 and 1210 according to ninth and tenth embodiments of the present invention respectively. The PLL system 1110 includes similar components as the PLL system 710 shown in FIG. 13, but further includes a random value generator 1850 and an adder 1900. The PLL system 1210 includes similar components as the PLL system 810 shown in FIG. 15, but further includes a random value generator 2850 and an adder 2800. As the operation of other components shown is the same as previously detailed under the descriptions of FIGS. 13 and 15, further description is omitted for brevity.
In FIG. 20, the adder 1900 is coupled between the encoder 1800 and the phase-shift detector 1170, and the random value generator 1850 is coupled to the adder 1900. In FIG. 21, the adder 2800 is coupled between the logical address detector 2900 and the phase-shift detector 1270, and the random value generator 2850 is coupled to the adder 2800. Every time a write operation takes place, the random value generator 1850, 2850 will generate a random number in a small range (e.g. −4 T ̃4 T). This value will be input to the adder 1900, 2800 where it will be added to the recorded data address/detected logical address as determined by the system. The effect of this addition is similar to introducing noise into the system. The PLL system 1110, 1210 will generate phase adjusting signals to reduce the offset between the detected address and a desired address, wherein the desired address includes the address plus the randomly generated value. This randomly generated value is then used for the entire write operation, so the position each data is written to is different from the recorded data address/logical address by the randomly generated value. In the next write operation a new random value will be generated. Therefore, data is written to the disc over a small range, rather than a single point, and moreover each write operation will occur in a different place.
The present invention can also be applied to the ‘next generation’of optical discs such as Blu-Ray discs (BD) and High Definition DVD (HD-DVD). As the relationship between wobble signals and ADIP units is different for DVD, BD, and HD-DVD, the wobble information obtained from the push-pull signal must be correctly mapped to conform with Blu-Ray and HD-DVD standards. Please refer to FIG. 22. FIG. 22 is a diagram of a PLL system 1310 according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. The PLL system 1310 comprises the same elements as the PLL system 710 in FIG. 13, but also contains a BD mapping unit 1392, an HD-DVD mapping unit 1394, and a multiplexer (MUX) 1396. The mapping units 1392 and 1394 are respectively utilized for mapping a detected DVD address to a BD and HD-DVD address. The mapping ensures that a detected address conforms to a Blu-Ray disc (BD) or HD-DVD standard. A disc type selection signal is input to the multiplexer 1396, which receives physical sync according to DVD/-R, DVD/+R, BD, and HD-DVD standards, and the correct physical sync is then output to the position difference detector. In this way, a correct phase difference relationship between a detected address and a desired address can be determined. Therefore, data can be written to a BD or HD-DVD without incurring the problems of phase shift.
In contrast to the related art, the present invention provides a phase-controllable frequency divider positioned at the feedback path. Therefore, the problem of related art phase shift phenomenon is solved through tuning the phase-controllable frequency divider, and the recording quality is greatly improved. Besides, no matter how large the phase shift is, the claimed invention is capable of making the phase of an output clock locked to a correct phase. In addition to a reference of the recording data, the output clock can also be a reference for controlling the rotation of the recordable optical disk in a CLV (Constant-Linear Velocity) speed.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A phase locked loop (PLL) system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal, the PLL system comprising:
a clock generator receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal;
a phase-shift detector generating a phase adjusting signal;
a phase-controllable frequency divider coupled to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal; and
at least a second phase locked loop (PLL) coupled to the output signal, for generating a second output signal according to the output signal;

wherein the phase-controllable frequency divider adjusts the frequency dividing ratio according to the phase adjusting signal.

2. The PLL system of claim 1 wherein the phase-controllable frequency divider comprises a counter for counting the output signal, and the phase-controllable frequency divider generates the first frequency-divided signal according to the count value.

3. The PLL system of claim 2 wherein the phase-controllable frequency divider adjusts the count value according to the phase adjusting signal.

4. The PLL system of claim 1 wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from the storage medium.

5. The PLL system of claim 4 wherein the phase-shift detector detects a phase difference between the wobble signal and a recording synchronization signal synchronous to the recording data for generating the phase adjusting signal.

6. The PLL system of claim 4 wherein the storage medium is a DVD-R/RW disk.

7. The PLL system of claim 4 wherein the storage medium is a DVD+R/RW disk.

8. A phase locked loop (PLL) system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal, the output signal being used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium, the PLL system comprising:
a clock generator receiving the first reference signal and a frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the frequency-divided signal, wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from the storage medium;
a phase-shift detector, comprising:
a physical address detector detecting a physical address on the storage medium; and
a position difference detector for detecting a position difference between the physical address and an updated logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal;

a phase-controllable frequency divider connected to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal;
an adder, coupled to the position difference detector, for combining a detected logical address of the recording data and a random value to update the detected logical address and output an updated logical address to the position difference detector; and
a random value generator, coupled to the adder, for generating the random value to the adder at each write operation.

9. The PLL system of claim 8, further comprising:
a logical address detector, coupled to the adder, for providing the detected logical address by detecting a logical address of the recorded data on the storage medium.

10. The PLL system of claim 9, wherein the random value lies within a predetermined range.

11. A phase locked loop (PLL) system for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal, the output signal being used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium, the PLL system comprising:
a clock generator receiving the first reference signal and a frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the frequency-divided signal, wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from the storage medium;
a phase-shift detector, comprising:
a physical address detector detecting a physical address on the storage medium;
at least a mapping unit, coupled to the physical address detector, for mapping the physical address to a specific disc standard;
a multiplexer, coupled to the mapping unit and the physical address detector, for outputting a resultant physical address according to a disc type selection signal; and
a position difference detector, coupled to the multiplexer, for detecting a position difference between the resultant physical address and a logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal; and

a phase-controllable frequency divider, coupled to the clock generator and the phase-shift detector, for dividing the frequency of the output signal by a frequency dividing ratio to generate the frequency-divided signal and for receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the frequency-divided signal.

12. The PLL of claim 11, wherein the specific disc standard complies with a Blu-ray disc (BD) standard or an HD-DVD standard.

13. A method for generating an output signal according to a first reference signal, the method comprising:
receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate a first output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal;
generating a phase adjusting signal;
dividing the frequency of the first output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal;
receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal;
dividing the frequency of the first output signal by a second frequency dividing ratio to generate a second frequency-divided signal;
receiving the first output signal and the second frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal; and
adjusting the frequency dividing ratio according to the phase adjusting signal.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
counting the output signal to generate a count value, and generating the first frequency-divided signal according to the count value.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
adjusting the count value according to the phase adjusting signal.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the first reference signal is a wobble signal generated from a storage medium.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the storage medium is a DVD-R/RW disk.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the storage medium is a DVD+R/RW disk.

19. A method for generating an output signal according to a reference signal, the output signal being used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium, the method comprising:
receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal;
generating a phase adjusting signal, comprising:
detecting a physical address on the storage medium;
generating a random value;
adding the random value to a detected logical address of the recording data to update the detected logical address; and
detecting a position difference between the physical address and the updated logical address of the recording data to generate the phase adjusting signal;

dividing the frequency of the output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal; and
receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of adding the random value to a detected logical address of the recording data to update the detected logical address further comprises:
detecting a logical address of the recorded data on the storage medium.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the random value is within a predetermined range.

22. A method for generating an output signal according to a reference signal, the output signal being used as a reference clock to write recording data on a storage medium, the method comprising:
receiving the first reference signal and a first frequency-divided signal to generate the output signal according to a phase difference between the first reference signal and the first frequency-divided signal;
detecting a physical address on the disc;
mapping the physical address to a specific disc standard;
generating a disc type selection signal;
outputting a resultant physical address according to the disc type selection signal;
detecting a difference between the resultant physical address and a logical address of the recording data to generate a phase adjusting signal;
dividing the frequency of the output signal by a first frequency dividing ratio to generate the first frequency-divided signal; and
receiving the phase adjusting signal to adjust the phase of the first frequency-divided signal.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the specific disc standard complies with a Blu-ray disc (BD) standard or an HD-DVD standard.