NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

HONGLIANG ZHAO, 

Petitioner,

 v.

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General, 

Respondent.

No. 14-73441

Agency No. A201-213-371

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted August 4, 2020** 

San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges.

Petitioner Hongliang Zhao, a native and citizen of China, petitions for

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of his appeal from

an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) final order of removal. Zhao argues the BIA erred

in denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection

FILED

AUG 19 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8

U.S.C. § 1252. We grant the petition with respect to Zhao’s asylum and

withholding of removal claims, and remand for further proceedings. We deny the

petition with respect to his request for protection under CAT. 

We review the BIA’s decision in its entirety and the IJ’s decision to the

extent it was adopted by the BIA. Garcia-Martinez v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 1291,

1293 (9th Cir. 2018). We review the agency’s factual findings for substantial

evidence and its legal conclusions de novo. Bringas-Rodriguez v. Sessions, 850

F.3d 1051, 1059 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc) (citations omitted). Substantial evidence

means the factual finding is “supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative

evidence in the record.” Melkonian v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 1061, 1065 (9th Cir.

2003). Under this standard, we “may only reverse the agency’s determination

where ‘the evidence compels a contrary conclusion from that adopted by the

BIA.’” Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901, 908–09 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Afriyie

v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924, 931 (9th Cir. 2010)).

1. The agency’s finding that Zhao did not suffer past persecution is not

supported by substantial evidence. The IJ found Zhao credible, but determined that

Zhao’s mistreatment did not rise to the level of persecution. “We look at the

totality of the circumstances in deciding whether a finding of persecution is

2
compelled.” Guo v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1194, 1203 (9th Cir. 2004). Zhao was

beaten and kicked by the birth control authorities, resulting in injuries that required

medical attention. He was then detained by the police for a week and threatened

with further detention. The totality of the circumstances compels a finding that

Zhao was persecuted. See id. Zhao’s situation is distinguishable from that of the

petitioner in Gu v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2006), on which both the IJ

and BIA relied. Unlike Gu, Zhao received medical treatment for the injuries he

suffered, and was subsequently detained for a week. 

Because the record compels a conclusion that Zhao was subjected to past

persecution, we grant the petition with respect to the asylum application and

remand for a determination of whether this persecution was “on account of” a

protected ground, and if so, whether the government can rebut the presumption that

Zhao has an objectively well-founded fear of future persecution. See 8 C.F.R. §

208.13(b)(1).

2. The IJ also denied Zhao’s application for withholding of removal,

explaining that since he had failed to qualify for asylum, he necessarily “failed to

satisfy the more stringent clear probability of persecution standard required for

withholding of removal.” The BIA affirmed this decision.

3
However, because the record compels the conclusion that Zhao experienced

past persecution, he may be presumed eligible for withholding of removal if it is

determined that this persecution was on account of a protected ground. See Vitug

v. Holder, 723 F.3d 1056, 1064 (9th Cir. 2013); 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3). We

therefore grant Zhao’s petition with regard to his withholding of removal claim and

remand to the BIA to determine whether his persecution was on account of a

protected ground and if so, whether the government can meet its burden of rebuttal.

See Mihalev v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 722, 731 (9th Cir. 2004) 

3. Although the evidence in the record compels a finding that Zhao suffered

past persecution, the evidence does not demonstrate that it is more likely than not

that Zhao will be tortured if returned to China. Thus, CAT relief is not appropriate. 

See Ahmed v. Keisler, 504 F.3d 1183, 1200 (9th Cir. 2007); 8 C.F.R.

§ 208.16(c)(2). Because substantial evidence supports the IJ’s determination that

Zhao is not eligible for CAT relief, we deny the petition with respect to Zhao’s

application for CAT relief. 

GRANTED in part, DENIED in part, and REMANDED for further

proceedings.

4