# Patent

## Title
Discharge lamp lighting circuit with frequency control in accordance with phase difference

## Abstract

A discharge lamp lighting circuit is provided. The discharge lamp lighting circuit includes a power supplying portion which comprises an inverter circuit comprising a switching element; a series resonant circuit comprising a capacitor, and at least one of an inductor and a transformer; and a driving circuit which drives said switching element, said power supplying portion converting DC power to AC power and supplying the AC power to a discharge lamp; and a controlling portion which produces a frequency control signal for controlling a frequency of a drive signal output from said driving circuit, the controlling portion including a phase difference detecting portion which detects a phase difference between an input voltage and an input current that are supplied from said inverter circuit to said series resonant circuit; and a control signal producing portion which produces the frequency control signal in accordance with the phase difference.

## Background
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-346278, filed Dec. 22, 2006, in the Japanese Patent Office. The Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-346278 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Apparatuses consistent with the present invention relate to a discharge lamp lighting circuit.
RELATED ART
In order to light a discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp used as a head lamp for a vehicle, a lighting circuit (i.e, a ballast) for stably supplying a power to the lamp is necessary. For example, Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 2005-63821 shows a related art discharge lamp lighting circuit which includes a DC-AC converting circuit including a series resonant circuit. The DC-AC converting circuit supplies an AC power to a discharge lamp. The level of the supplied power is controlled by changing the driving frequency of the series resonant circuit.
Related art discharge lamp lighting circuits also control lighting of a discharge lamp. Namely, before lighting of the discharge lamp, the related art discharge lamp lighting circuit controls an open circuit voltage (OCV), applies a high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp to light the discharge lamp, and thereafter transfers a state of the discharge lamp to a steady lighting state while reducing a transient input power.
FIG. 11 is a graph conceptually showing relationships between the driving frequency of the series resonant circuit and the level of the supplied power (i.e., the OCV). In FIG. 11, the graph Ga shows relationships between the driving frequency and the OCV before lighting, and the graph Gb shows relationships between the driving frequency and the supplied power after lighting. As shown in FIG. 11, the level of the supplied power (or the OCV) to the discharge lamp has a maximum value when the driving frequency is equal to the series resonant frequency (i.e., fa before lighting, fb after lighting), and further decreases as the driving frequency is increased (or decreased) from the series resonant frequency. In a region where the driving frequency is lower than the series resonant frequency, the switching loss is large and the power efficiency is reduced. Therefore, a magnitude of the driving frequency is controlled to be in a region where the driving frequency is higher than the series resonant frequency.
In the lighting control of a discharge lamp, the operating point before lighting is set to a point Pa corresponding to a driving frequency fc which is higher than the series resonant frequency fa, and that after lighting is set to a region X where the driving frequency is higher than the series resonant frequency fb. In a related art discharge lamp lighting circuit, for example, the transition from the point Pa to the region X is performed in the following manner. After the discharge lamp is lighted at the operating point Pa, the driving frequency fc before lighting is maintained only for a certain constant time period. At this time, the relation between the driving frequency and the supplied power is changed to the graph Gb, and hence the operating point is transferred to the point Pc. Thereafter, the driving frequency is compulsively changed by a predetermined change amount Δf (=fd−fc), and the operating point is transferred to the point Pb in the region X.
However, a problem exists in the related art in that it is very difficult to set the frequency change Δf due to considerations of variations of the power source voltage, dispersions of the operating temperature, and errors of electrical characteristics of electronic components. The characteristics of electronic components used in a discharge lamp lighting circuit are dispersed, and the difference (fb−fa) between the resonant frequencies before and after lighting is different for each discharge lamp lighting circuit. Even in the case where Δf is adjusted for each circuit, when the characteristics of the circuit change due to, for example, aging deterioration, there is a possibility that the unchanged initial Δf causes the lighting property to deteriorate.
In order to, immediately after the start of lighting, grow an arc discharge of a discharge lamp to stabilize the lighting state, a power at a certain level or higher must be supplied from the power source to the series resonant circuit. In the above-described related art method in which the frequency change amount is previously set, however, there is a case where a power sufficient for ensuring the lighting stability cannot be ensured.
SUMMARY
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a discharge lamp lighting circuit which, in a lighting control of a discharge lamp, can sufficiently maintain a lighting property correspondingly with environmental characteristics such as variations of a power source voltage and dispersions of the operating temperature, and changing characteristics of circuit components.
In order to address the above-mentioned disadvantages in the related art, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a discharge lamp lighting circuit which supplies an AC power for lighting a discharge lamp, to the discharge lamp, wherein the discharge lamp lighting circuit comprises a power supplying portion having: an inverter circuit including a switching element; a series resonant circuit including at least one of an inductor and a transformer, and a capacitor; and a driving circuit which drives the switching element, the power supplying portion converting an output of a DC power source to supply AC power to the discharge lamp; and a controlling portion which produces a frequency control signal that controls a frequency of a drive signal output from the driving circuit, and the controlling portion has: a phase difference detecting portion which detects a phase difference between an input voltage and an input current that are supplied from the inverter circuit to the series resonant circuit; and a control signal producing portion which produces the frequency control signal so as to increase or decrease the frequency of the drive signal in accordance with the phase difference.
In the discharge lamp lighting circuit, the phase difference between the input voltage and input current that are supplied from the inverter circuit to the series resonant circuit is detected, whereby the inductive and capacitive depths of the series resonant circuit as viewed from the inverter circuit are determined, and the driving frequency of the inverter circuit is increased or decreased on the basis of the phase difference. According to such a configuration, the driving frequency of the inverter circuit can be adjusted following the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit. Even when circuit or environmental characteristics are varied, therefore, a sufficient power can be supplied to the discharge lamp, and the lighting stability of the discharge lamp can be advantageously ensured.
The phase difference detecting portion may include: a first phase difference detecting circuit which, when the phase of the input voltage leads the phase of the input current, produces an inductive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference; and a second phase difference detecting circuit which, when the phase of the input voltage lags the phase of the input current, produces a capacitive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference, the control signal producing portion includes: a detection capacitor in which one end is set to a first voltage; a charging circuit which is coupled to another end of the detection capacitor, and which supplies a current to the other end of the detection capacitor in accordance with one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal; a discharging circuit which is coupled to the other end of the detection capacitor, and which sinks a current from the other end of the detection capacitor in accordance with another one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal; and a signal producing circuit which detects a voltage across the detection capacitor, and which produces the frequency control signal so as to increase or decrease the frequency of the drive signal in accordance with the across voltage, and the first voltage is set to a value between a power source voltage supplied to the charging circuit, and a power source voltage supplied to the discharging circuit.
In such a case, by the phase difference detecting portion, the signal having the pulse width corresponding to the inductive depth is produced, and the signal having the pulse width corresponding to the capacitive depth is produced. In the control signal producing portion, the detection capacitor is charged or discharged in accordance with pulses of the two signals, and the driving frequency of the drive signal of the inverter circuit is adjusted according to the voltage across the detection capacitor. Therefore, the driving frequency of the inverter circuit can be caused to follow the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit by a simple circuit configuration. The one end of the detection capacitor is set to a value between the power source voltage of the charging circuit, and that of the discharging circuit, thereby enabling the frequency to surely follow in accordance with both the inductive and capacitive states of the series resonant circuit.
The discharge lamp lighting circuit may further comprise a starting portion which applies a high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp to promote lighting, and the control signal producing portion discharges the detection capacitor in accordance with detection of the high-voltage pulse in the starting portion. According to this configuration, in the case where the circuit is set so that the driving frequency is rapidly changed after the application of the high-voltage pulse, the state of the series resonant circuit which was detected in the past is reset at the start of lighting, whereby the frequency can be caused to follow immediately and stably the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit in accordance with the state at the start of lighting.
The discharge lamp lighting circuit may further comprise a starting portion which applies a high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp to promote lighting, the phase difference detecting portion includes: a first phase difference detecting circuit which, when the phase of the input voltage leads the phase of the input current, produces an inductive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference; and a second phase difference detecting circuit which, when the phase of the input voltage lags the phase of the input current, produces a capacitive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference, and the control signal producing portion includes: a detection capacitor; a charging circuit which is coupled to the detection capacitor, and which supplies a current to the detection capacitor in accordance with one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal; a discharging circuit which is coupled to the detection capacitor, and which sinks a current from the detection capacitor in accordance with another one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal; a signal producing circuit which receives a voltage across the detection capacitor, and which produces the frequency control signal so as to increase or decrease the frequency of the drive signal in accordance with the voltage across the detection capacitor; and a switch portion which supplies the voltage across the detection capacitor to the signal producing circuit in accordance with detection of the high-voltage pulse in the starting portion, and which, before detection of the high-voltage pulse, applies a voltage corresponding to a present frequency of the drive signal, to the detection capacitor.
In this case, by the phase difference detecting portion, the signal having the pulse width corresponding to the inductive depth is produced, and the signal having the pulse width corresponding to the capacitive depth is produced. In the control signal producing portion, the detection capacitor is charged or discharged in accordance with pulses of the two signals, and the driving frequency of the drive signal of the inverter circuit is adjusted in accordance with the across voltage of the detection capacitor. According to the configuration, the driving frequency of the inverter circuit can be caused to follow the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit by a simple circuit configuration. When the driving frequency after the start of lighting is continuously changed from the frequency before the start of lighting, the discharge lamp can be stably transferred to an arc discharge through the starting.
The control signal producing portion may control an operating frequency in the series resonant circuit so as to approach a resonant frequency by producing the frequency control signal. When the control signal producing portion is disposed, the power which is to be supplied to a lighting controlling circuit is brought close to the maximum value, whereby the lighting stability can be further enhanced.
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in a lighting control of a discharge lamp, a lighting property can be sufficiently maintained correspondingly with environmental characteristics such as variations of the power source voltage and dispersions of the operating temperature, and characteristics of circuit components.
Other aspects of the present invention may also be apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings and the claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a discharge lamp lighting circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph conceptually showing relationships between a driving frequency and a supplied power;
FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) are views showing signal waveforms in a series resonant circuit in a case where a driving frequency is in an inductive region, and FIG. 3(a) shows a signal waveform of an input voltage, FIG. 3(b) shows a signal waveform of an input current, and FIG. 3(c) shows a signal waveform which is obtained by shaping an input current to a rectangular wave;
FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), and 4(c) are views showing signal waveforms in a series resonant circuit in a case where the driving frequency is in a capacitive region, and FIG. 4(a) shows a signal waveform of an input voltage, FIG. 4(b) shows a signal waveform of an input current, and FIG. 4(c) shows a signal waveform which is obtained by shaping an input current to a rectangular wave;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a phase difference detecting portion;
FIGS. 6(a), 6(b), 6(c), and 6(d) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where the series resonant circuit is in an inductive region, and FIG. 6(a) shows a waveform of an input voltage, FIG. 6(b) shows a signal waveform which is obtained by shaping an input current to a rectangular wave, FIG. 6(c) shows a waveform of an inductive detection signal, and FIG. 6(d) shows a waveform of a capacitive inductive detection signal;
FIGS. 7(a), 7(b), 7(c), and 7(d) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where a series resonant circuit is in a capacitive region, and FIG. 7(a) shows a waveform of an input voltage, FIG. 7(b) shows a signal waveform which is obtained by shaping an input current to a rectangular wave, FIG. 7(c) shows a waveform of an inductive detection signal, and FIG. 7(d) shows a waveform of a capacitive inductive detection signal;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing in detail a configuration of a signal producing circuit and a voltage-frequency (V-F) converting portion shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing in detail a configuration of a signal producing circuit and a V-F converting portion of a discharge lamp lighting circuit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing in detail a configuration of charging and discharging circuits of a discharge lamp lighting circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a graph conceptually showing relationships between a driving frequency of the series resonant circuit and a level of the supplied power according to the related art.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the discharge lamp lighting circuit of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, identical or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their duplicated description will be omitted.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a discharge lamp lighting circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 shown in FIG. 1 supplies an AC power for lighting a discharge lamp L, to the discharge lamp L, or converts a DC voltage from a DC power source B to an AC voltage, and supplies the AC voltage to the discharge lamp L. The discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 may, for example, be used in a lighting device for a vehicle, such as a head lamp. Moreover, the discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 may be used in a broad range of applications, basically wherever a head lamp is used. As the discharge lamp L, for example, a mercury-free metal halide lamp may be used. However, a discharge lamp of another kind is also contemplated and may also be used with the discharge lamp lighting circuit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Returning to FIG. 1, the discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 comprises: a power supplying portion 2 which receives a power supply from the DC power source B, and which supplies AC power to the discharge lamp L; a controlling portion 3 which controls a level of the power to be supplied to the discharge lamp L; and a voltage-frequency (V-F) converting portion 4 which performs voltage-frequency conversion (V-F conversion) on a frequency control signal SC1 which is an analog signal supplied from the controlling portion 3, to produce a control signal SC2.
The power supplying portion 2 supplies a power, the level of which is based on the control signal SC2 supplied from the V-F converting portion 4, to the discharge lamp L. The power supplying portion 2 is coupled to the DC power source B, such as a DC battery, to receive the DC voltage from the DC power source B, and performs AC converting and voltage boosting operations. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the power supplying portion 2 comprises: a starting portion 5 which, at the start of lighting, applies a high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp L to promote lighting; a half-bridge inverter (i.e., an inverter circuit) 6 in which two transistors 6a, 6b that are switching elements are connected in series; and a bridge driver (i.e., a driving circuit) 7 which drives the transistors 6a, 6b so as to be alternatingly switched. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) may be used as the transistors 6a, 6b. Alternatively, other FETs or bipolar transistors may be used. In this exemplary embodiment, the drain terminal of the transistor 6a is coupled to a positive terminal of the DC power source B via a switch SW which is used for starting the lighting operation, the source terminal of the transistor 6a is coupled to the drain terminal of the transistor 6b, and the gate terminal of the transistor 6a is coupled to the bridge driver 7. The source terminal of the transistor 6b is coupled to a ground potential line GND (i.e., a minus terminal of the DC power source B), and the gate terminal of the transistor 6b is coupled to the bridge driver 7. The bridge driver 7 supplies drive signals Sd1, Sd2, which are opposite in phase to each other on the basis of the control signal SC2 that is a pulse signal, to the gate terminals of the transistors 6a, 6b, thereby causing the transistors 6a, 6b to be alternatingly conductive.
The power supplying portion 2 further comprises a transformer 8, a capacitor 9, and an inductor 10. The transformer 8 is disposed so as to apply a high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp L, transmit the power, and boost the power. The transformer 8, the capacitor 9, and the inductor 10 comprise a series resonant circuit. Namely, the primary winding 8a of the transformer 8, the inductor 10, and the capacitor 9 are coupled in series. One end of the series circuit is coupled to the source terminal of the transistor 6a and the drain terminal of the transistor 6b, and the other end is coupled to the ground potential line GND. According to this configuration, the resonant frequency is determined by a combined reactance configured by the leakage inductance of the primary winding 8a of the transformer 8, and the inductance of the inductor 10, and the capacitance of the capacitor 9. Alternatively, the series resonant circuit may be configured by only the primary winding 8a and the capacitor 9, and the inductor 10 may be omitted. Alternatively, the inductance of the primary winding 8a may be set to be much smaller than that of the inductor 10, and the resonant frequency may be determined substantially by the inductor 10 and the capacitance of the capacitor 9.
In the power supplying portion 2, the transistors 6a, 6b are alternatingly turned on and off, thereby causing an AC power to be produced in the primary winding 8a of the transformer 8. The AC power is transmitted to the secondary winding 8b of the transformer 8 while being boosted, and then supplied to the discharge lamp L coupled to the secondary winding 8b. The bridge driver 7 which drives the transistors 6a, 6b complementarily drives the transistors 6a, 6b so that both the transistors 6a, 6b are not simultaneously in the conductive state.
Hereinafter, relationships between the driving frequency of the series resonant circuit of the power supplying portion 2, and the power supplied to the discharge lamp L will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a graph conceptually showing the relationships between the driving frequency of the transistors 6a, 6b and the supplied power. As shown in the figure, the level of the power supplied to the discharge lamp L has a maximum value Pmax when the driving frequency is equal to the resonant frequency fon of the series resonant circuit, and decreases as the driving frequency is increased (or decreased) from the resonant frequency fon of the series resonant circuit. This decrease in level as the driving frequency moves away from the resonant frequency fon of the series resonant circuit occurs because an impedance of the series resonant circuit is changed by the frequency of driving of the transistors 6a, 6b by the bridge driver 7. Therefore, the level of the AC power to be supplied to the discharge lamp L can be controlled by changing the driving frequency. When the driving frequency is lower than the resonant frequency fon, however, a switching loss increases and power efficiency is consequently reduced. Therefore, it is advantageous to control the magnitude of the driving frequency of the bridge driver 7 so as to be within a region A in FIG. 2, a region where the driving frequency is higher than the resonant frequency fon. The region where the frequency is lower than the resonant frequency fon is referred to as a capacitive region, and the region where the frequency is higher than the resonant frequency fon is referred to as an inductive region.
FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c), and FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), and 4(c) show relationships between the voltage and current which are supplied from the half-bridge inverter 6 to the series resonant circuit in a case where the driving frequency is in the inductive region or the capacitive region, respectively. FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where the driving frequency is in the inductive region, and 3(a) shows the signal waveform of an input voltage V1, FIG. 3(b) shows the signal waveform of an input current I1, and FIG. 3(c) shows a signal waveform I2 which is obtained by shaping the input current to a rectangular wave. FIGS. 4(a), 4(b), and 4(c) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where the driving frequency is in the capacitive region, and FIG. 4(a) shows the signal waveform of an input voltage V1, FIG. 4(b) shows the signal waveform I2 of an input current I1, and FIG. 4(c) shows a signal waveform which is obtained by shaping the input current I1 to a rectangular wave. As seen from these figures, in the case where the driving frequency is in the inductive region, the input voltage V1 leads in phase the input current I1, and, in the case where the driving frequency is in the capacitive region, the input voltage V1 lags in phase the input current I1.
Returning to FIG. 1, the starting portion 5 of the discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 is a circuit for applying a high-voltage pulse for starting to the discharge lamp L. A trigger voltage and current (i.e., a high-voltage pulse) are applied to the primary winding 8a of the transformer 8, whereby the high-voltage pulse is superimposed on the AC voltage produced in the secondary winding 8b of the transformer 8. Specifically, the starting portion 5 comprises: a starting capacitor which stores power for producing the high-voltage pulse; a self-breakdown switching element (not shown) such as a spark gap or a gas arrester; and the like. In the starting portion 5, when the voltage across the starting capacitor is caused to reach the discharge starting voltage by charging the starting capacitor during the lighting starting operation, the self-breakdown switching element is momentarily set to the conductive state, thereby outputting the trigger voltage and current. At the moment the trigger voltage and current are generated, the starting portion 5 produces a pulse detection signal Sp, and transmits the pulse detection signal Sp to the controlling portion 3 which will be described below.
The controlling portion 3 of the discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 is a circuit for controlling a frequency of the drive signals Sd1, Sd2 supplied from the bridge driver 7, to adjust the driving frequency of the series resonant circuit, and has a voltage detecting portion 15, a current detecting portion 16, a phase difference detecting portion 17, a first control signal producing portion 18, and a second control signal producing portion 19.
The voltage detecting portion 15 detects the input voltage V1 which is supplied from the half-bridge inverter 6 to the series resonant circuit, and supplies a detection signal of the input voltage V1 shaped to a rectangular wave, to the phase difference detecting portion 17. Similarly, the current detecting portion 16 detects the input current I1 which is supplied from the half-bridge inverter 6 to the series resonant circuit, and supplies a detection signal I2 of the input current I1 shaped to a rectangular wave, to the phase difference detecting portion 17. As a method by which the current detecting portion 16 detects the input current I1, various methods may be employed. Because the capacitance of the capacitor 9 is known, for example, the waveform of the input current I1 can be obtained by detecting the voltages at the both ends of the capacitor 9.
The phase difference detecting portion 17 is a circuit which detects the phase difference between the input voltage V1 and the input current I1 to obtain information relating to an inductive depth or a capacitive depth at the driving frequency of the series resonant circuit, and is configured by an inductive detecting circuit (i.e, a first phase difference detecting circuit) 17a and a capacitive detecting circuit (i.e., a second phase difference detecting circuit) 17b. 
FIG. 5 shows the circuit configuration of the phase difference detecting portion 17 in more detail. As shown in the figure, the inductive detecting circuit 17a comprises two D flip-flops 20, 21 and an OR circuit 22, and the capacitive detecting circuit 17b comprises two D flip-flops 23, 24 and an OR circuit 25. The data (D) terminals of the D flip-flops 20, 21, 23, 24 are biased to a positive voltage and are fixed to a high level. The detection signal of the input voltage V1 is supplied to the clock (CK) terminal of the D flip-flop 20, a voltage which is an inversion of the detection signal of the input voltage V1 is supplied to the CK terminal of the D flip-flop 21, the signal waveform I2 which is obtained by shaping the input current I1 to a rectangular wave is supplied to the clock (CK) terminal of the D flip-flop 23, and a voltage which is an inversion of the signal waveform I2 is supplied to the CK terminal of the D flip-flop 24. The Q outputs of the flip-flops 20, 21 are supplied to the OR circuit 22, and the output of the OR circuit 22 is set as an inductive detection signal SL of the inductive detecting circuit 17a. The Q outputs of the flip-flops 23, 24 are supplied to the OR circuit 25, and the output of the OR circuit 25 is set as a capacitive inductive detection signal SC of the capacitive detecting circuit 17b. 
FIGS. 6(a), 6(b), 6(c), and 6(d) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where the series resonant circuit of the power supplying portion 2 is in the inductive region, and FIG. 6(a) shows a waveform of the input voltage V1, FIG. 6(b) shows a waveform of the signal I2 which is obtained by shaping the input current I1 to a rectangular wave, FIG. 6(c) shows a waveform of the inductive detection signal SL, and FIG. 6(d) shows a waveform of the capacitive inductive detection signal SC. In this way, the inductive detection signal SL produced by the inductive detecting circuit 17a is at a high level during a time period from a rise of V1 when I2 is at a low level, to a rise of I2, and that from a fall of V1 when I2 is at a high level, to a fall of I2. When the input voltage V1 leads in phase the input current I1, therefore, the inductive detecting circuit 17a produces an inductive detection signal SL having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference. Namely, the pulse width of the inductive detection signal SL indicates the inductive depth of the series resonant circuit in the driven state.
By contrast, FIGS. 7(a), 7(b), 7(c), and 7(d) are views showing signal waveforms in a case where the series resonant circuit of the power supplying portion 2 is in the capacitive region, and FIG. 7(a) shows a waveform of the input voltage V1, FIG. 7(b) shows a waveform of the signal I2, FIG. 7(c) shows a waveform of the inductive detection signal SL, and FIG. 7(d) shows a waveform of the capacitive inductive detection signal SC. In this way, the capacitive detection signal SC produced by the inductive detecting circuit 17b is at a high level during a time period from a rise of I2 when V1 is at a low level, to a rise of V1, and that from a fall of I2 when V1 is at a high level, to a fall of V1. When the input voltage V1 lags in phase the input current I1, therefore, the capacitive detecting circuit 17b produces a capacitive detection signal SC having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference. Namely, the pulse width of the capacitive detection signal SC indicates the capacitive depth of the series resonant circuit in the driven state.
Returning again to FIG. 1, on the basis of the lamp voltage VL and lamp current IL of the discharge lamp L, the first control signal producing portion 18 controls the driving frequency of the bridge driver 7 (i.e., the level of the power supplied to the discharge lamp L). The first control signal producing portion 18 is a circuit which produces a frequency control signal SC1 so that a level of the open circuit voltage (OCV) or power to be supplied to the discharge lamp L becomes close to a threshold value (which may be predetermined), and is configured by a calculation portion 26 and an error amplifier 27. The calculation portion 26 calculates the voltage applied to the discharge lamp L or the supplied power on the basis of the values of the lamp voltage VL and lamp current IL which are detected on the side of the secondary winding 8b of the transformer 8, and produces a voltage signal so that the calculated voltage or supplied power become close to a threshold value or time function. The error amplifier 27 inverts and amplifies the voltage signal supplied from the calculation portion 26, and outputs the resulting signal as the frequency control signal SC1. In accordance with the voltage level of the frequency control signal SC1, the driving frequency of the bridge driver 7 is controlled.
The second control signal producing portion 19 controls the driving frequency of the bridge driver 7 on the basis of the inductive detection signal SL and capacitive inductive detection signal SC which are produced by the phase difference detecting portion 17. The second control signal producing portion 19 comprises a charging circuit 28, a discharging circuit 29, a detection capacitor 30, a switch element 31, and a signal producing circuit 32.
The charging circuit 28 is configured by coupling a current source 28a and a switch element 28b in series. One end of the current source 28a is coupled to a power source to be set to a positive voltage VCC, and the other end is coupled to the switch element 28b. By contrast, the discharging circuit 29 is configured by coupling a current source 29a and a switch element 29b in series. One end of the current source 29a is grounded, and the other end is coupled to the switch element 29b. The switch elements 28b, 29b are coupled to each other, so that the charging circuit 28 and the discharging circuit 29 comprise a series circuit. The current source 28a supplies a current to the discharging circuit 29 via the switch element 28b, and the current source 29a sinks a current from the discharging circuit 29 via the switch element 29b. The switch element 29b is turned on and off in accordance with the inductive detection signal SL from the inductive detecting circuit 17a, and the switch element 28b is turned on and off in accordance with the capacitive inductive detection signal SC from the capacitive detecting circuit 17b. The combinations of the current source 28a and the switch element 28b, and the current source 29a and the switch element 29b may be replaced with circuits which operate so as to perform switching between the operation of the corresponding current source and a high impedance in accordance with the inductive detection signal SL or the capacitive inductive detection signal SC.
One end of the detection capacitor 30 is set to an intermediate voltage Vo between the positive voltage VCC supplied to the charging circuit 28, and the ground voltage supplied to the discharging circuit 29, and the other end is coupled to the charging circuit 28 and the discharging circuit 29. The intermediate voltage Vo may be set to any value between the positive voltage VCC and the ground voltage.
According to this configuration, a current is supplied from the charging circuit 28 to the other end of the detection capacitor 30 in accordance with the capacitive inductive detection signal SC, and the discharging circuit 29 sinks a current from the other end of the detection capacitor 30 in accordance with the inductive detection signal SL. By the charging and discharging circuits including the current sources, namely, the time change of the voltage across the detection capacitor 30 is made constant irrespective of the capacitor voltage. Therefore, the voltage across the detection capacitor 30 is increased or decreased in accordance with the phase difference between the input voltage V1 and the input current I1, i.e., the inductive and capacitive depths of the series resonant circuit.
The switch element 31 is coupled across the detection capacitor 30, and used for resetting the driven state detected by the detection capacitor 30. The switch element 31 receives the pulse detection signal Sp from the starting portion 5, and is turned on in synchronization with the timing of producing the pulse detection signal Sp, whereby the charges stored in the detection capacitor 30 are discharged.
In accordance with the voltage across the detection capacitor 30, the signal producing circuit 32 produces the frequency control signal SC1 which corresponds to the voltage, and outputs the signal to the V-F converting portion 4 via a switch 33. FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing in detail the configuration of the signal producing circuit 32 and the V-F converting portion 4. As shown in the figure, the signal producing circuit 32 comprises two differential amplifiers 32a, 32b for setting a high input impedance, detects the voltage across the detection capacitor 30, and supplies the voltage as the frequency control signal SC1 to the switch 33. The switch 33 is a switch element for switching between the error amplifier 27 of the first control signal producing portion 18 and the signal producing circuit 32, and the V-F converting portion 4, and is controlled so that, before the start of the discharge lamp L, the error amplifier 27 and the V-F converting portion 4 are coupled to each other, and, immediately after the start of lighting the discharge lamp L, the signal producing circuit 32 and the V-F converting portion 4 are coupled to each other. Before the start of the discharge lamp L, therefore, the driving frequency is controlled by the lamp voltage VL and the lamp current IL, and, immediately after the start of lighting the discharge lamp L, the driving frequency is controlled by the input voltage V1 and input current I1 of the series resonant circuit.
The V-F converting portion 4 comprises a current mirror circuit portion 34, a hysteresis comparator 35, a capacitor 36, and a transistor 37. The current mirror circuit portion 34 produces and outputs a current corresponding to the frequency control signal SC1 supplied from the signal producing circuit. One end of the capacitor 36 is coupled to the output of the current mirror circuit portion 34, and the other end is grounded. The collector terminal of the transistor 37 is coupled to the one end of the capacitor 36, and the emitter terminal is grounded. The input of the hysteresis comparator 35 is coupled to the one end of the capacitor 36, and the output is coupled to the base terminal of the transistor 37. According to the configuration, the control signal SC2 having a pulse wave of a frequency corresponding to the level of the frequency control signal SC1 is produced from the output of the V-F converting portion 4.
According to the discharge lamp lighting circuit 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the phase difference between the input voltage V1 and input current I1 which are supplied from the half-bridge inverter 6 to the series resonant circuit is detected, whereby the inductive and capacitive depths of the series resonant circuit as viewed from the half-bridge inverter 6 are determined, and the driving frequency of the half-bridge inverter 6 is increased or decreased on the basis of the phase difference. According to this exemplary configuration, the driving frequency of the half-bridge inverter 6 can be adjusted following the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit so as to become close to the resonant frequency. Even when circuit or environmental characteristics such as variations of the power source voltage and dispersions of the operating temperature are varied, therefore, a sufficient power can be supplied to the discharge lamp, and the lighting stability of the discharge lamp can be improved.
Furthermore, the phase difference detecting portion 17 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention produces the inductive detection signal SL having a pulse width corresponding to the inductive depth, and also the capacitive inductive detection signal SC having a pulse width corresponding to the capacitive depth. In the second control signal producing portion 19, the detection capacitor 30 is charged or discharged in accordance with the pulses of the two signals, and the driving frequency of the control signal SC2 of the half-bridge inverter 6 is adjusted in accordance with the across voltage of the detection capacitor 30. Therefore, the driving frequency of the half-bridge inverter can be caused to follow the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit by a simple circuit configuration.
Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the one end of the detection capacitor 30 is set to an intermediate voltage between the power source voltage of the charging circuit 28 and that of the discharging circuit 29. When even a small degree of deviation from the resonant frequency occurs, therefore, the voltage across the detection capacitor 30 is saturated to an upper or lower limit value after elapse of a certain time period. When the following speeds of the circuits are not considered, namely, the speed of following the resonant frequency is uniquely determined by the current values of the current sources 28a, 29a and the gain of the V-F converting portion 4 in the subsequent stage. Therefore, a high-speed resonance following control can be realized at a reduced number of circuit parameters. Consequently, the frequency can surely follow in accordance with both the inductive and capacitive states of the series resonant circuit.
The second control signal producing portion 19 discharges the detection capacitor 30 in accordance with the detection of a high-voltage pulse in the starting portion 5, and resets the state of the series resonant circuit which was detected in the past, at the start of lighting. In the case where the circuit is set so that the driving frequency is rapidly changed after the application of the high-voltage pulse, therefore, the frequency can be caused to follow immediately and stably the resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit in accordance with a state at the start of lighting.
The present invention is not restricted to the above-described exemplary embodiments however. For example, the controlling portion 3 operates so as to, when the capacitive is detected, charge the detection capacitor 30, and, when the inductive is detected, discharge the detection capacitor 30. Alternatively, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controlling portion 3 may operate in a reverse manner. In the alternative, the driving frequency may be controlled so as to become lower as the voltage across the detection capacitor 30 becomes higher.
Alternatively, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the discharge lamp lighting circuit may be configured so that the voltage across the detection capacitor 30 causes the frequency control signal SC1 supplied to the V-F converting portion 4 to be continuously changed through the starting of the discharge lamp L. FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a signal producing circuit 132 which is a modification of the invention configured described above. The signal producing circuit 132 comprises three switch elements (i.e., switch portions) 133, 134, 135 that are coupled together in parallel to one end of the detection capacitor 30 and the other end of the detection capacitor 30 is grounded. The switch elements 134, 135 are coupled to an input of the V-F converting portion 4 via buffers dedicated to sweeping, and the switch element 133 is coupled to the input of the V-F converting portion 4 via a buffer. The switch elements 133, 134, 135 are turned on and off in accordance with the pulse detection signal Sp from the starting portion 5. Specifically, before the start of the discharge lamp L, the switch elements 133, 135 are turned on, and the switch element 134 is turned off. By contrast, immediately after the start of lighting the discharge lamp L, the switch elements 133, 135 are turned off, and the switch element 134 is turned on. According to this exemplary configuration, before the application the high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp L, the first control signal producing portion 18 supplies the frequency control signal SC1 to the V-F converting portion 4, and the voltage which is generated by the frequency control signal SC1 is applied to the detection capacitor 30 through the switch element 133. Therefore, a voltage corresponding to the present driving frequency of the half-bridge inverter 6 is applied to the detection capacitor 30 to charge the capacitor. By contrast, immediately after the application the high-voltage pulse to the discharge lamp L, the frequency control signal SC1 corresponding to the across voltage of the detection capacitor 30 of the second control signal producing portion 19 is supplied to the V-F converting portion 4. According to the signal producing circuit 132 according to this exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the frequency in the series resonant circuit before the start of lighting is continuously changed to the driving frequency after the start of lighting, whereby the discharge lamp can be stably transferred to an arc discharge through the starting.
The charging and discharging circuits are not restricted to have a configuration including a current source. In the case where a current source cannot be used for any reason such as the cost or the performance of a current source, an exemplary configuration such as shown in FIG. 10 may be used. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a configuration including charging and discharging circuits 228, 229 which comprise another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the charging circuit 228 is a series circuit configured by a resistor 228a and the switch element 28b, and the discharging circuit 229 is a series circuit configured by a resistor 229a and the switch element 29b. The positive voltage VCC is applied to one end of the charging circuit 228, a ground voltage VEE is applied to one end of the discharging circuit 229, and the charging circuit 228 and the discharging circuit 229 are coupled in series in the respective other end sides. One end of the detection capacitor 30 is coupled to the connection between the two circuits, and the other end of the detection capacitor 30 is grounded via a capacitor 230. A voltage of (VCC+VEE)/2 which is obtained by dividing the voltages by resistors 231, 232 is applied to the other end of the detection capacitor 30. The capacitor 230 is disposed in order to smooth the voltage (current) applied to the detection capacitor 30.
According also to the exemplary circuit configuration including the thus configured charging and discharging circuits 228, 229, the detection capacitor 30 can be charged or discharged in accordance with the inductive and capacitive depths. In a charging or discharging circuit configured by a capacitor and a resistor, however, the time change of the capacitor voltage at a certain timing is determined depending on the capacitor voltage at the timing (because the capacitor voltage is exponentially changed). When the relationship between the degree of deviation of the frequency directed to inductivity and a voltage change of the capacitor is different from that between the degree of deviation of the frequency directed to conductivity and the voltage change of the capacitor, the convergence of the resonant frequency is affected. Therefore, the reference voltage of the detection capacitor 30 is set to (VCC+VEE)/2 or an intermediate voltage, and hence the changes of the capacitor voltage with respect to the degree of deviation from the resonant frequency in both inductivity and conductivity can be made equal to each other. As a result, the stability of the following of the resonant frequency can be enhanced.
The foregoing exemplary embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. Also, the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

## Claims

1. A discharge lamp lighting circuit comprising:
a power supplying portion which comprises
an inverter circuit comprising a switching element;
a series resonant circuit comprising a capacitor, and at least one of an inductor and a transformer; and
a driving circuit which drives said switching element, said power supplying portion converting DC power to AC power and supplying the AC power to a discharge lamp; and
a controlling portion which produces a frequency control signal for controlling a frequency of a drive signal output from said driving circuit, the controlling portion comprising:
a phase difference detecting portion which detects a phase difference between an input voltage and an input current that are supplied from said inverter circuit to said series resonant circuit; and
a control signal producing portion which produces the frequency control signal in accordance with the phase differences,
wherein
said phase difference detecting portion comprises:
a first phase difference detecting circuit which, when a phase of the input voltage leads a phase of the input current, produces an inductive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference; and
a second phase difference detecting circuit which, when the phase of the input voltage lags the phase of the input current, produces a capacitive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference,
wherein said control signal producing portion comprises:
a detection capacitor, one end of which is set to a first voltage;
a charging circuit which is coupled to another end of said detection capacitor, said charging circuit supplying a current to said another end of said detection capacitor in accordance with one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal;
a discharging circuit which is coupled to said another end of said detection capacitor, and which sinks a current from said another end of said detection capacitor in accordance with the other one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal; and
a signal producing circuit which detects a voltage across said detection capacitor, and which produces the frequency control signal so as to control the frequency of the drive signal in accordance with a voltage across said detection capacitor,
wherein the first voltage is set to a value less than a power source voltage supplied to said charging circuit, and greater than a power source voltage supplied to said discharging circuit.

2. A discharge lamp lighting circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a starting portion which applies a high-voltage pulse to said discharge lamp to promote lighting, and
wherein said control signal producing portion discharges said detection capacitor in accordance with a detection of the high-voltage pulse in said starting portion.

3. A discharge lamp lighting circuit according to claim 1, wherein said control signal producing portion controls an operating frequency of said series resonant circuit so as to approach a resonant frequency using the frequency control signal.

4. A discharge lamp lighting circuit comprising:
a power supplying portion which comprises
an inverter circuit comprising a switching element;
a series resonant circuit comprising a capacitor, and at least one of an inductor and a transformer; and
a driving circuit which drives said switching element, said power supplying portion converting DC power to AC power and supplying the AC power to a discharge lamp; and
a controlling portion which produces a frequency control signal for controlling a frequency of a drive signal output from said driving circuit, the controlling portion comprising:
a phase difference detecting portion which detects a phase difference between an input voltage and an input current that are supplied from said inverter circuit to said series resonant circuit;
a control signal producing portion which produces the frequency control signal in accordance with the phase difference; and
a starting portion which applies a high-voltage pulse to said discharge lamp to promote lighting, and
wherein said phase difference detecting portion comprises:
a first phase difference detecting circuit which, when a phase of the input voltage leads a phase of the input current, produces an inductive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference; and
a second phase difference detecting circuit which, when a phase of the input voltage lags a phase of the input current, produces a capacitive detection signal having a pulse width that is proportional to the phase difference, and
wherein said control signal producing portion comprises:
a detection capacitor;
a charging circuit which is coupled to said detection capacitor, and which supplies a current to said detection capacitor in accordance with one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal;
a discharging circuit which is coupled to said detection capacitor, and which sinks a current from said detection capacitor in accordance with the other one of the inductive detection signal and the capacitive detection signal;
a signal producing circuit which receives a voltage across said detection capacitor, and which produces the frequency control signal so as to control the frequency of the drive signal in accordance with a voltage across said detection capacitor; and
a switch portion which supplies the voltage across said detection capacitor to said signal producing circuit in accordance with a detection of the high-voltage pulse in said starting portion, and which, before detection of the high-voltage pulse, applies a voltage corresponding to a present frequency of the drive signal, to said detection capacitor.

5. A discharge lamp lighting circuit according to claim 4, wherein said control signal producing portion controls an operating frequency of said series resonant circuit so as to approach a resonant frequency using the frequency control signal.