This document contains the 2004 Holland America Veendam 

Sampling Episode Report for sampling episode 6503. The 

report and all the appendices can be downloaded from 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/cruise_ships/veendam.html

Holland America Veendam 

Sampling Episode Report 

March 2006 
Sampling Episode Report 

Holland America Veendam 

Sampling Episode 6503 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division 

Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds 

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Science and Technology 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

March 2006 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DISCLAIMER 

This report was prepared by the Engineering and Analysis Division of the Office of 

Science and Technology and the Oceans and Coastal Protection Division of the Office of 

Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Neither the 

United States Government nor any of its employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their 

employees make any warrant, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or 

responsibility for any third party’s use of, or the results of, such use of any information, 

apparatus, product, or process discussed in this report, or represents that its use by such party 

would not infringe on privately owned rights. 

The primary contact regarding questions or comments on this document is: 

Dr. Elizabeth Kim 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division, OWOW (4504T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1270 (telephone) 

(202) 566-1546 (fax) 

kim.elizabeth@epa.gov 

For detailed technical inquiries on this document: 

Donald Anderson 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division, OST (4303T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1021 (telephone) 

(202) 566-1053 (fax) 

anderson.donaldf@epa.gov 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

Page 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................... vi 
 

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1-1 
 

2.0 WASTEWATER SYSTEM AND SAMPLING POINTS ......................... 2-1 
 

2.1 	 Wastewater Generation and Collection ......................... 2-1 
 

2.2 	 Wastewater Treatment ...................................... 2-1 
 

2.3 	 Wastewater and Residual Sample Collection Points ............... 2-4 
 

2.4 	 Flow Meter Locations ...................................... 2-5 
 

3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ................... 3-1 
 

3.1	 Pre-Sampling Activities ..................................... 3-1 
 

3.2	 Sample Collection and Analysis Methodology ................... 3-1 
 

3.3	 Converting Solids Mass Units to Volume Units .................. 3-2 
 

3.4	 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ............................ 3-3 
 

3.5 	 Interview with the Ship’s Crew ............................... 3-3 
 

3.6 	 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ................. 3-4 
 

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 4-1 
 

4.1 	 Laboratory Analytical Results and Discussion ................... 4-1 
 

4.1.1	 Graywater .......................................... 4-1 
 

4.1.2	 Influent to Treatment System ........................... 4-3 
 

4.1.3	 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the
 

Treatment System ................................... 4-7 
 

4.1.4	 Effluent from the Treatment System ..................... 4-7 
 

4.1.5	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison
 

of Influent to Treatment System and Effluent from Treatment
 

System ........................................... 4-10 
 

4.1.6	 Screening Solids, Waste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash .... 4-12 
 

4.1.7	 Source Water ...................................... 4-12 
 

4.2	 Summary of Interviews Regarding Activities that Impact Wastewater
 

Generation .............................................. 4-13 
 

4.2.1	 Wastewater Generation .............................. 4-13 
 

4.2.2	 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use ............... 4-15 
 

4.3 	 Flow Data ............................................... 4-16 
 

5.0 DATA QUALITY ................................................. 5-1 
 

5.1	 Analytical Quality Control ................................... 5-1 
 

5.1.1	 Cyanide Results ..................................... 5-2 
 

5.1.2	 Mercury Results ..................................... 5-2 
 

5.2	 Field Quality Control ....................................... 5-3 
 

5.2.1	 Trip Blank ......................................... 5-3 
 

5.2.2	 Equipment Blank .................................... 5-3 
 

i 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 

Page 

5.2.3 Field Duplicates ..................................... 5-4 
 

6.0	 REFERENCES .................................................... 6-1 
 

Appendix A ANALYTICAL RESULTS
 

Appendix A-1 Pathogen Indicators Analytical Results, Holland America
 

Veendam ......................................... A-1 
 

Appendix A-2 Analytical Results, Except Pathogen Indicators, Holland
 

America Veendam .................................. A-9 
 

Appendix A-3 Analytical Results Collected Onboard, Holland America
 

Veendam ....................................... A-100 
 

Appendix B	 RAW FLOW DATA COLLECTED FROM 18 JUNE THROUGH 25 JUNE 2004
 

Appendix C	 INTERVIEW RESULTS FOR ACTIVITIES THAT IMPACT WASTEWATER 

GENERATION 

Appendix D	 DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES AND OTHER ANALYTICAL ISSUES 

Appendix E SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN FOR HOLLAND AMERICA
 

VEENDAM SAMPLING EPISODE 6503
 

ii 
LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

2-1 Wastewater, Sampling Point, and Flow Meter Descriptions 

Holland America Veendam ........................................ 2-7 
 

2-2 Treatment Residuals and Incinerator Ash Descriptions
 

Holland America Veendam ....................................... 2-11 
 

3-1 Sample Collection Method Descriptions, Holland America Veendam ....... 3-5 
 

3-2 Sample Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sampling Point,

 Holland America Veendam ........................................ 3-6 
 

3-3 Analytes and Analytical Methods, Holland America Veendam ........... 3-11 
 

3-4 Field Measurement Equipment, Holland America Veendam ............. 3-12 
 

3-5 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan, Holland America
 

Veendam ..................................................... 3-13 
 

4-1 Graywater Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam .............. 4-19 
 

4-2 Influent to Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America
 

Veendam ..................................................... 4-23 
 

4-3 Influent to UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland America
 

Veendam ..................................................... 4-28 
 

4-4 Effluent from Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland
 

America Veendam .............................................. 4-29 
 

4-5 Wastewater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators,
 

Holland America Veendam ....................................... 4-34 
 

4-6 Wastewater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other
 

Than Pathogen Indicators, Holland America Veendam ................. 4-35 
 

4-7 Treatment System Residuals and Incinerator Ash Analytical Results,
 

Holland America Veendam ....................................... 4-39 
 

4-8 Source Water Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam ............ 4-43 
 

4-9 Laundry Cleaning Agents Used Onboard, Holland America Veendam ..... 4-44 
 

4-10 Flow Data by Sampling Period, Holland America Veendam ............. 4-45 
 

iii 
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

5-1 Available and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland America 

Veendam ...................................................... 5-7 

5-2 Equipment Blank Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam .......... 5-8 

5-3 Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Classical Pollutants (Except HEM/SGTHEM), Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics, Holland 

America Veendam ............................................... 5-9 

5-4 Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators, HEM/SGTHEM, Volatile Organics, and Dioxins and Furans in Incinerator Ash, 

Holland America Veendam ....................................... 5-17 

iv 
LIST OF FIGURES
 

Pages 

2-1 Graywater and Sewage Collection, Holding and Transfer System, 

Holland America Veendam ....................................... 2-12 
 

2-2 Zenon Treatment System, Holland America Veendam .................. 2-13 
 

4-1 Total Daily Flow, Holland America Veendam ........................ 4-46 
 

4-2 Average Hourly Wastewater Treatment System Flow, Holland
 

America Veendam .............................................. 4-47 
 

v 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Sampling Episode Report for Holland America Veendam 

This Sampling Episode Report describes the sampling and analysis activities to 

characterize wastewater (graywater and sewage) generated and discharged by the cruise vessel 

Holland America Veendam while in Alaska waters. This sampling took place from June 20 

through June 25, 2004, under the direction of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

The sampling program is part of EPA’s data collection effort to evaluate whether to develop 

wastewater discharge standards, under 33 USC 1901 Note, for cruise vessels authorized to carry 

500 or more passengers for hire when operating in the waters of the Alexander Archipelago or 

the navigable waters of the United States within the State of Alaska or within the Kachemak Bay 

National Estuarine Research Reserve. EPA will use information from the sampling of this vessel 

and three other cruise ships in Alaska to characterize wastewater generated and discharged by 

large cruise vessels with advanced wastewater treatment systems. 

EPA selected the Holland America Veendam to characterize the performance of 

the Zenon Environmental Inc. membrane bioreactor treatment system, an advanced wastewater 

treatment system that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration and ultraviolet 

disinfection. Samples were collected of various wastewater sources (laundry, accommodations, 

food pulper, and galley wastewater); influent to the treatment system (combined graywater and 

sewage); influent to the ultraviolet (UV) disinfection component of the treatment system; 

effluent from the treatment system; source water; wastewater treatment residuals (screening 

solids and wastewater biosludge); and incinerator ash. Wastewater source samples were 

collected for a single 24-hour sampling period, while samples of the influent to and effluent from 

the treatment system were collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. 

Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters were installed near the sampling locations for 

laundry wastewater, influent to treatment, and effluent from treatment to collect flow data and, in 

some cases, to trigger automatic sampling machines. In addition, flow data were collected from 

the Veendam’s in-line flow meters installed on the graywater and sewage feeds to the treatment 

vi 
system (which, combined, represent the influent to the treatment system) and on the effluent 

from the treatment system. 

Various sample collection methods (composite by flow, composite by time, grab, 

and grab composite) were used depending on the sampling point and analyte. Tested analytes 

included pathogen indicators (fecal coliform, E. coli, enterococci), classical pollutants, total and 

dissolved metals, volatile and semivolatile organics, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and 

dioxins and furans. Not all samples were analyzed for all target analytes. 

The food pulper wastewater samples showed the highest concentration among 

graywater sources for the majority of analytes, most notably E. coli and enterococci, oil and 

grease, nutrients, and solids. Accommodations wastewater samples had the highest 

concentration for 11 of the analytes, including fecal coliform, organics, and several metals. 

Laundry wastewater samples showed the highest concentration for five analytes, including 

alkalinity and several dissolved metals. 

Because of water conservation measures onboard cruise ships (such as vacuum 

toilets), key analytes such as pathogen indicators, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical 

oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) are found at much higher 

concentrations in the influent to the Veendam wastewater treatment system than in typical 

domestic wastewater. Of the 54 metal analytes tested for, 27 were detected in every influent to 

treatment system sample. Among the 365 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics, 

pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls, only 9 were detected in any influent to treatment 

samples, most at concentrations close to their detection limits. 

The Zenon treatment system successfully removed almost all pathogen indicators 

(>99%) and most classical pollutants, metals, and organics. Two pathogen indicators, fecal 

coliform and E. coli, were not detected in any of the 15 effluent treatment samples, while one 

indicator, enterococci, was detected in 2 samples at close to the detection limit. The treatment 

system removed almost all BOD5 (>99%), COD (97%), total organic carbon (TOC) (93%), 

settleable residue ( >99%) and TSS (>99%). The treatment system reduced ammonia, total 

vii 
Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which measures both ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen), and 

total phosphorus by approximately 75%, while nitrate/nitrite levels remained relatively 

unchanged. The treatment system was highly efficient at removing particulate metals, and 

removed dissolved metals at an average of 37%. The treatment system removed most of the 

volatile and semivolatile organics to concentrations below detection levels. 

The Zenon wastewater treatment system generates two types of residual waste: 

screening solids (from two coarse screens at the beginning of the treatment system) and waste 

biosludge (excess biological mass from the treatment system’s bioreactor). Screening solids are 

collected monthly for disposal on shore. Waste biosludge is pumped to a double-bottom holding 

tank for overboard discharge outside of 12 nautical miles from shore. Most of the analytes 

detected in these residual wastes were also detected in the influent to the treatment system. For 

many analytes, concentrations in the screening solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the 

influent to treatment, suggesting that these analytes are removed from the system in these waste 

streams. 

On average, each person generated approximately 62 gallons of untreated sewage 

(17 gallons) and graywater (45 gallons) per day. The average discharge from the treatment 

system was approximately 58 gallons of treated wastewater per person per day. 

viii 
1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Sampling Episode Report describes the Environmental Protection Agency’s 

sampling and analysis activities to characterize graywater and sewage generation and treatment 

by Holland America Line’s cruise ship ms Veendam (Veendam) while in Alaska waters. This 

sampling episode took place from June 20 through June 25, 2004, under the direction of the 

Engineering and Analysis Division of the Office of Science and Technology, and the Oceans and 

Coastal Protection Division of the Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds of the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

The Veendam is a 55,451 gross-ton cruise vessel launched in 1996. The vessel 

has 10 decks, a length of 720 feet, and a beam of 101 feet. The Veendam’s maximum cruising 

speed is 22 knots. Its port of registry is Nassau, Bahamas. During the sampling episode, the 

Veendam carried approximately 1,300 passengers and 520 crew. The ship’s itinerary was as 

follows: 

Date Port

June 20, 2004 Seward, Alaska 

June 21, 2004 Cruising College Fjord 

June 22, 2004 Cruising Glacier Bay 

June 23, 2004 Sitka, Alaska 

June 24, 2004 Juneau, Alaska 

June 25, 2004 Cruising Inside Passage 

June 26, 2004 Vancouver, BC 

This sampling episode is part of EPA’s data collection efforts to evaluate whether 

to develop wastewater discharge standards for cruise vessels authorized to carry 500 or more 

passengers for hire when operating in the waters of the Alexander Archipelago or the navigable 

waters of the United States within the State of Alaska or within the Kachemak Bay National 

Estuarine Research Reserve (hereafter referred to as Alaska waters). Such regulations are 

authorized by “Title XIV - Certain Alaskan Cruise Ship Operations” of the Miscellaneous 

Appropriations Bill (H.R. 5666) passed by Congress on December 21, 2000, in the Consolidated 

1-1
 
Appropriations Act of 2001 (Pub L. 106-554, Sections 1401-1414, 33 USC 1901 Note). The 

data and information gathered through this sampling episode were collected using EPA's 

authority under section 308 of the Clean Water Act, as also provided by Title XIV. Holland 

America Line voluntarily provided information and data gathered for and represented in this 

report, notwithstanding the above cited authority, in the interest of research for the improvement 

of wastewater treatment standards. 

EPA selected the Veendam to characterize the performance of the Zenon 

Environmental Inc. (Ontario, Canada) membrane bioreactor treatment system (Zenon treatment 

system), an advanced wastewater treatment system that uses aerobic biological oxidation 

followed by ultrafiltration, using the proprietary ZeeWeed® membrane technology, and 

ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. EPA will use the analytical and flow data included in this 

sampling episode report to evaluate the performance of the Zenon treatment system, and to 

analyze patterns and variability in wastewater sources. 

Samples were collected in accordance with prodcedures specified in the 

Generic Sampling and Analysis Plan for Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (Generic SAP) 

and the ship-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for Holland America Veendam (Veendam 

SAP). The Veendam SAP is presented in Appendix E and the Generic SAP is available on EPA’s 

website at http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/cruise_ships/GenericSAP040602.pdf. Pathogen 

indicator analyses were performed onboard. Samples for all other analyses were shipped to 

shoreside laboratories for analysis. Appendix D identifies all EPA-contract laboratories used 

in this sampling episode. 

Section 2.0 of this report describes the generation, collection, and treatment of 

graywater and sewage on the Veendam, as well as the sampling point and flow meter locations 

used in this sampling episode. Section 3.0 describes the sample collection methods and 

deviations from the Veendam SAP. Section 4.0 presents and analyzes the analytical, flow, and 

shipboard data collected during the sampling episode. Section 5.0 describes the quality 

assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures and results. Section 6.0 presents references 

1-2
 
used in this document. Tables and figures referred to in the text are located at the end of each 

section. 

1-3
 
2.0 WASTEWATER SYSTEM AND SAMPLING POINTS 

This section describes graywater and sewage generation, collection, and treatment 

on the Veendam, as well as the sample collection points and flow meter locations and installation 

points used in this sampling episode. 

2.1 Wastewater Generation and Collection 

The ship’s collection, holding, and transfer system (CHT) collects and transfers 

graywater and sewage generated onboard to the ship’s Zenon treatment system. For the purpose 

of this report, graywater refers to non-sewage wastewaters that are collected by the CHT system. 

The CHT system is composed of five subsystems, referred to by the ship’s crew as the galley, 

food pulper, accommodations, laundry, and sewage systems. Figure 2-1 is a simplified diagram 

of the Veendam’s graywater and sewage CHT system. Wastewater sources collected by each of 

the five subsystems are described in Table 2-1. Potable water is used as source water for all ship 

operations that generate graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers, 

and toilets). Potable water is produced onboard and bunkered while in port, with each source 

providing approximately half of the fresh water requirements for the ship. 

2.2 Wastewater Treatment 

The Veendam is outfitted with a Zenon treatment system, an advanced 

wastewater treatment system that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration 

and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Figure 2-2 is a simplified diagram of the Zenon treatment 

system. 

Wastewater from the laundry, accommodations, food pulper, and galley CHT 

subsystems culminates in two graywater storage tanks, while the sewage CHT subsystem 

culminates in four sewage collection tanks. Wastewater pumped from the graywater storage 

tanks and sewage collection tanks mixes in a common line, flows through two coarse screens 

operated in parallel, and enters a collection tank. From the collection tank, the wastewater is 

2-1
 
pumped to two aerated bioreactor and membrane chamber treatment trains operated in parallel. 

Operators add defoamer (rarely) and caustic (for pH control) to the bioreactors as needed. From 

the bioreactors, the wastewater is pumped to the membrane chambers where it flows through the 

proprietary ZeeWeed® hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane system under a vacuum. 

Particulate matter and mixed liquor (wastewater containing organic matter and biological floc) 

remain in the membrane chambers. Coarse air diffusers scour the membrane exteriors to remove 

accumulated solids, and these solids, along with the mixed liquor and particulate matter, 

overflow from the membrane chambers back to the bioreactor tanks. The system also 

backwashes the membranes every eight minutes to keep the membranes clean; this backwash 

remains in the system. Citric acid and sodium hypochlorite are added to the membrane 

backwash tanks on alternate days to enhance cleaning. In the final stage of treatment, the 

combined wastewater from the membranes undergoes UV disinfection. The hydraulic residence 

time of the bioreactor and membrane chamber (i.e., the amount of time the wastewater stays in 

the treatment system) is less than one day. 

According to the ship’s crew, the Zenon treatment system can treat 700 m3 

(185,000 gallons) per day of wastewater generated onboard. This is well in excess of its typical 

daily load, approximately 350 m3 (9,250 gallons), as determined by interviews with the ship’s 

crew and measured flows collected during this sampling episode. 

The Zenon treatment system operates continuously, regardless of the ship’s 

location (e.g., in port, at sea within Alaska waters, at sea outside Alaska waters). The vessel 

typically continuously discharges treated wastewater from this system overboard. When 

overboard discharge is restricted, such as when the cruise vessel enters Glacier Bay National 

Park, the treated effluent is diverted to double-bottom holding tanks, where it is held for eventual 

discharge overboard outside 12 nautical miles (nm). 

The Zenon wastewater treatment system generates two types of residual waste: 

screening solids (from the 2 coarse screens) and waste biosludge (excess biological mass from 

the bioreactor). A solids collection tank located directly beneath the screens collects the 

screening solids and uses a macerator pump to chop the solids. Macerating the solids releases 

2-2
 
additional water. Therefore, four to five times per day, the Zenon operator pumps the contents of 

the solids tank back to the screens to remove excess water. Once a month, the Zenon operator 

removes approximately 15 to 20 m3 of screening solids from the solids collection tank and 

disposes of it onshore. 

Waste biosludge is removed (or “wasted”) from the bioreactors daily. The Zenon 

operator calculates the recommended waste biosludge volume to remove by measuring the 

bioreactor total suspended solids (mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS)) concentration. In 

Alaska, the target MLSS concentration for the Zenon bioreactor is 9,000 to 10,000 mg/L. To 

maintain the target MLSS concentration, the typical daily biosludge volume wasted is 15 m3. If 

additional waste volume is required, e.g., 20 m3, then the Zenon operator would waste 15 m3 in 

the morning and an additional 5 m3 in the evening. Waste biosludge is held in a double-bottom 

holding tank for overboard discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

The ultrafiltration membranes require more intensive cleaning every few weeks 

for optimal operation. The Zenon operator initiates the membrane cleaning cycle when the 

differential pressure across the membranes, or transmembrane pressure (TMP), reaches 

approximately -0.45 bars. The 2-day cleaning cycle requires shutdown of the 

bioreactor/membrane chamber treatment train. (When one bioreactor/membrane chamber is 

being cleaned, all wastewater is diverted to the second, parallel bioreactor/membrane chamber.) 

The first step in the cleaning cycle is the addition of two drums (406 L in total) of sodium 

hypochlorite to the membrane chamber, plus a sufficient amount of treated wastewater to fill the 

chamber. The hypochlorite solution remains in the chamber overnight and is then sent to a 

double-bottom holding tank (the same tank used to hold waste biosludge) for discharge 

overboard outside 12 nm. The second step is to add 150 kg of citric acid to the membrane 

chamber, plus a sufficient amount of treated wastewater permeate to fill the chamber. The 

solution remains in the chamber for six hours and is then sent to the same double-bottom holding 

tank. 

During periods of reduced treatment capacity (e.g., maintenance, cleaning, high 

TMP), additional untreated graywater storage capacity may be needed. The two graywater 

2-3
 
2.3 

storage tanks routinely used by the treatment system provide a combined holding capacity of 240 

m3. Additional double-bottom holding tanks provide up to 740 m3 of additional storage capacity, 

yielding a total holding capacity of 980 m3. Note that tank piping configurations allow the 

contents of only some of the additional double-bottom holding tanks to be pumped to the 

wastewater treatment system. Any untreated graywater stored in tanks that cannot be pumped to 

the treatment system is held for discharge without treatment outside 12 nm from shore. 

According to the ship’s crew, such discharges are not typical and occur infrequently. 

Wastewater and Residual Sample Collection Points 

Samples were taken from the graywater sources (galley, laundry, 

accommodations, and food pulper); influent to the treatment system (combined graywater and 

sewage); influent to the UV disinfection portion of the treatment system; effluent from the 

treatment system; source water (water from the ship’s potable water system); wastewater 

treatment residuals; and incinerator ash. Table 2-1 describes the wastewaters sampled, their 

sampling point locations, their flow measurement locations (if applicable), and the number of 

days they were sampled. Table 2-2 provides the same information for the treatment residuals 

and incinerator ash sampled. In general, graywater source and wastewater treatment residual 

samples were taken for one 24-hour period, while samples of the influent to and effluent from 

the treatment system were taken for five 24-hour periods. See Section 3.2 and Table 3-2 for 

information on the analytes tested. 

Samples were collected from the ship’s potable water system (source water) to 

determine if any of the target analytes were present as background contamination. One trip 

blank was prepared and analyzed for volatile organics to evaluate possible contamination during 

shipment and handling of samples. Finally, an equipment blank was prepared and analyzed to 

evaluate possible contamination caused by the sampling equipment. 

Samples were not taken directly from the sewage CHT system. In addition, 

samples could not be collected of wastewater held in double-bottom holding tanks for discharge 

outside 12 nm from shore (i.e., treated effluent diverted to storage while the ship cruised Glacier 

2-4
 
2.4 

Bay) because (1) double-bottom holding tanks cannot be accessed directly due to safety 

considerations, and (2) sampling from the holding tank discharge manifold would characterize 

combined holding tank discharges and not discharges specific to the holding tanks of interest. 

Flow Meter Locations 

Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters (Controlotron Model 1010) were installed at three 

sampling locations to collect flow data and, in some cases, to control automatic composite 

sample machines (by triggering sample collection after a defined amount of flow passed through 

the pipe). The first location was near the influent to the wastewater treatment system (SP-6/7; 

see Table 2-1 for a description of wastewaters and Figure 2-2 for a simplified wastewater 

treatment system diagram showing sampling points.) This flow meter was installed on the outlet 

pipe from the screens because there was not a suitable location on the inlet pipe to the screens. 

The second location was at the effluent from the wastewater treatment system (on the overboard 

discharge line for the treated effluent, SP-9/10; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-2). This flow meter 

was installed on the same piping as the sample tap. The third location was laundry wastewater 

(SP-1/2; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1). This flow meter was installed on the outlet pipe from the 

laundry wastewater holding tank. The sample tap, however, was installed on the inlet pipe to the 

laundry wastewater holding tank because there was not a suitable location on the outlet pipe. 

The flow meter at this location was not used to control sample collection at this sampling point 

because the flow patterns at the flow meter and sample tap locations were not the same. 

Therefore, composite sample collection at this sampling point was time-weighted (see Table 3-1 

for a description of the sample collection methods). 

Sampling points for accommodations and galley wastewaters were located on 

piping that would not support the installation of strap-on ultrasonic flow meters (see Table 2-1), 

precluding collection of flow data and flow-weighted composite samples at these sampling 

points. Time-weighted composite samples were collected at the accommodations and galley 

wastewater sampling points (see Table 3-1 for a description of the sample collection methods). 

Flow estimates for the food pulper wastewater were provided by the ship’s crew. 

2-5
 
In addition, flow data were collected from three of the Veendam’s in-line Endress 

+ Hauser Pro-mag series flow meters (see Figure 2-2 for locations). One of these in-line flow 

meters was on the discharge line from the sewage collection tanks. The second was on the 

discharge line from the graywater storage tanks. Flow from these two meters combined 

represents the total flow into the treatment system. The third in-line flow meter from which data 

were collected was on the effluent from the wastewater treatment system (i.e., on the overboard 

discharge line for the treated effluent), which was the same location where a strap-on flow meter 

was installed. 

2-6
 
2-7
 

Table 2-1

Wastewater, Sampling Point, and Flow Meter Descriptions

Holland America Veendam

Descriptions of wastewaters sampled, sampling point locations, flow meter locations, and number of days sampled for the Veendam samthrough June 25, 2004). 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descript

Laundry Wastewater from laundry equipment and 

laundry floor drains. It does not include wastewater from dry cleaning operations or passenger laundrettes. All laundry wastewater drains to a single laundry wastewater holding tank. 

SP-1/2 Sample tap was installed on the inlet pipe 

to the laundry wastewater holding tank. Sample tap could not be installed on the holding tank outlet pipe due to commingling with other graywater sources caused by backflow from the graywater main common line. 

Strap-on flow meter was instaoutlet pipe from the laundry wholding tank. Backflow from main common line did not sigaffect the measured laundry wflows. Strap-on flow meter was not gravity flow piping (i.e., pipinfull) at the inlet to the holding 

Accommodations Wastewater from sinks, tubs, and showers 

in guest and crew rooms, bar sinks, salon sinks and floor drains, most interior deck drains, passenger laundrettes, dry cleaning noncontact cooling water, and non-engineroom shop sinks. Accommodations wastewater is pretreated by gross particle filters as it drains to three accommodations wastewater holding tanks approximately equal in size. 

SP-3 Sample tap was installed on the outlet 

pipe from one of the holding tanks. According to the ship’s crew, all three holding tanks receive similar wastewater; therefore, the specific holding tank sampled was selected based on accessibility. 

Flow data for accommodationwere not obtained. Strap-on flow meter set-up anprocedures were unsuccessfupipe from the accommodationholding tank, most likely due flow conditions such as pipe extreme aeration. Strap-on flow meter was not gravity flow piping (i.e., pipinfull) at the inlet to the holding 

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and wastewater treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flo(c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(d) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day
Table 2-1 (Continued) 

2-8
 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descript

Food Pulper Wastewater from the Somat food pulper 

system. Food waste is mixed with water and processed into a slurry. The food slurry is then separated into semi-dry food solids and wastewater (food pulper wastewater). Food solids are incinerated onboard, while food pulper wastewater is routed to a food pulper wastewater holding tank for recirculation back to the Somat system. Three to four times per day, the food pulper wastewater is drained from the holding tank to the wastewater treatment system and replaced with fresh water. 

SP-4 Samples were collected from an existing 

sample tap located on the holding tank, just prior to the times the tank contents were drained to wastewater treatment. 

Flow measurements not requiApproximately 22 m3 of food 

wastewater is generated per dto the ship’s crew. 

Galley Wastewater from dishwashers, food 

preparation, galley sinks, and galley and garbage room floor drains. Galley wastewater drains from each of the two passenger galleys and one crew galley, through three grease traps (one for each galley), into a single combined galley wastewater holding tank. An enzyme is added prior to the grease traps to help degrade grease. 

SP-5 Sample tap was installed on the inlet pipe 

to one of the passenger galley grease traps. According to the ship’s crew, all three grease traps receive similar wastewater; therefore, the specific grease trap sampled was selected based on accessibility. 

Flow data for galley wastewaobtained. Strap-on flow meter was not gravity flow piping (i.e., pipinfull) at the inlet to the grease configurations precluded all olocations. 

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and wastewater treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flo(c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(d) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day
Table 2-1 (Continued) 

2-9
 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descript

Influent to Zenon Treatment System 

Combined wastewaters from the five collection, holding, and transfer (CHT) subsystems (laundry, accommodations, food pulper, galley, and sewage). A vacuum CHT system conveys sewage from passenger and crew toilets and urinals. The sewage CHT system also conveys wastewater from medical facility sink and floor drains. Note that samples were not taken directly from the sewage CHT system. Wastewater from the laundry, accommodations, food pulper, and galley CHT subsystems culminates in two graywater storage tanks. The sewage CHT subsystem culminates in four sewage collection tanks (one of the sewage collection tanks also receives 14 m3/day of 

treated effluent for dilution). Wastewater from the graywater storage tanks and sewage collection tanks mixes in a common line as it flows to the treatment system. 

SP-6/7 Sample tap was installed on the combined 

graywater and sewage inlet pipe to the treatment system (before the screens). 

Strap-on flow meter was instaoutlet pipe from the screens bwas not a suitable location on to the screens. The Veendam has in-line flow installed on the discharge line graywater storage tanks and odischarge line from sewage ctanks, prior to the point where wastewaters are combined for The combined flow from thesmeters represents the influent treatment. 

Influent to UV Wastewater following treatment by SP-8 Sample tap was installed on the inlet pipe Flow measurements not requiDisinfection part of biological oxidation and ultrafiltration but to the UV disinfection unit. Zenon Treatment prior to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. System Effluent from Zenon Treatment System 

Final treated wastewater effluent from the Zenon wastewater treatment system. Effluent is typically continuously discharged overboard. Where discharge is prohibited (e.g., Glacier Bay), wastewater is diverted to storage in double-bottom holding tanks for overboard discharge outside 12 nm from shore. 

SP-9/10 Sample tap was installed on the effluent 

pipe from UV disinfection, upstream of the diversion valve that directs wastewater to either overboard discharge or to storage in double-bottom holding tanks. Piping distance from the effluent sample tap to the overboard discharge port is 10.5 m. 

Strap-on flow meter was instaeffluent pipe from UV disinfeprior to the overboard dischardownstream of the diversion directs wastewater to either odischarge or storage in doublholding tanks. The Veendam has an in-line finstalled at the same location

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and wastewater treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flo(c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(d) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day
2-10
 

Table 2-1 (Continued) 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descript

Source Water Potable water used as source water for all 

systems that generate wastewater that is treated by the Zenon treatment system. 

SP-15 Samples collected from a passenger cabin 

sink located forward in the ship (i.e., a point farthest in the distribution line). 

Flow measurements not requi

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and wastewater treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flo(c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(d) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day
2-11
 

Table 2-2

Treatment Residuals and Incinerator Ash Descriptions

Holland America Veendam

Descriptions of treatment residuals and incinerator ash sampled, sampling point locations, flow meter locations, and number of days samsampling episode (June 20 through June 25, 2004). 

Treatment Residual 

Name Treatment Residual Description 

Sampling 

Point # (a)(b) Sampling Point Description (a) Flow Meter Descri

Screening Solids Solids generated by the screens of the 

Zenon wastewater treatment system. Screening solids are collected monthly from the solids collection tank for disposal onshore. 

SP-11 Sample tap was installed on the solids 

recirculation loop at the macerating pump. 

Flow measurements not requiApproximately 15 to 20 m3 o

solids are generated per montto the ship’s crew. 

Waste Biosludge Waste biosludge removed daily from the 

bioreactors of the Zenon wastewater treatment system. Waste biosludge is pumped to a doublebottom holding tank for overboard discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

SP-12 Sample tap was installed on the piping 

that routes the waste biosludge from the treatment system to the double-bottom holding tank. 

Flow measurements not requiApproximately 15 m3 of wast

generated per day, according crew. 

Incinerator Ash Ash generated from the incineration of 

trash (e.g., cardboard, paper, plastic) and food solids from the Somat food pulper system. Incinerator ash is collected in incinerator ash storage hoppers for disposal onshore. 

SP-13/14 Samples were collected directly from an 

incinerator ash storage hopper. 

Flow measurements not requi

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and wastewater treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flo

(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam
Food Pulper

Wastewater Holding Tank

(1) 

Accommodations 

Wastewater 

Galley

Holding

Tank 

(1)

37 m3 

Graywater 

Storage Tanks

(2)

~120 m3

 each 

[See Figure 2-2] Grease Trap 

Accommodations Holding

Tank ~12 m3 

Laundry

Wastewater 

Laundry

Holding Tank

(1)

47 m3 

Food 

Solids 

Food Pulper System 

Trash Ash Storage

Hopper 

Ash Ash to 

Shoreside 

Disposal 

Incinerator 

SP-1/2 

SP-3 

SP-5 

SP-4 

SP-13/14 

EFM 

Food 

Waste 

Wastewater 

Galley 

Wastewater Grease Trap 

Grease Trap 

Accommodations Holding

Tank ~12 m3 

Accommodations Holding

Tank ~12 m3 

Sewage

Collection Tanks 

(4)

[See Figure 2-2] 

Sewage 

EFM 

SP-# Designated Sampling Point 

EPA Flow Meter 

( # ) Number of Tanks 

Figure 2-1. Graywater and Sewage Collection, Holding and Transfer System, 

Holland America Veendam 

Simplified diagram of the Holland America Veendam graywater and sewage CHT System. See Table 2-1 

for a list of wastewater streams in each wastewater source. 

2-12
 
Screen 

Solids 

Solids 

Collection Tank 

32 m3 

Air 

Graywater 

Storage 

Tank 

~120 m3 

Graywater 

Storage 

Tank 

~120 m3 

VFM 

Sewage 

Collection 

Tank 

Sewage 

Collection 

Tank 

Sewage 

Collection 

Tank 

Sewage 

Collection 

Tank 

VFM 

SP-6/7 

Macerator 

Pump 

Solids 

Screen 

SP-11 

Screen Solids 

Disposed of 

Onshore EFM 

Laundry, 

Accommodations, 

Food Pulper, and 

Galley Wastewater 

[See Figure 2-1] 

Screened 

Wastewater 

Collection 

Tank 

10 m3 

Sewage Sewage Sewage Sewage 

Treated Effluent

Recycle

(for dilution)

Sodium 

Caustic Hypochlorite Sodium 

Defoamer Wash Hypochlorite 

(rarely) Acid Acid 

Air Air Wash 

Bioreactor Membrane Chamber 

Backwash 

Tank 

 Mixed Liquor 

DoubleBottom 

Holding 

Tank 

SP-12 

Discharge

Overboard

Outside 12 nm

 Mixed Liquor 

Bioreactor Membrane Chamber 

Backwash 

Tank 

Waste

Biosludge

Ultravi

Disinfec

SP-8 

2-13
 

Air Air Acid 

Acid

(rarely)

Defoamer Wash 

Sodium 

Caustic Sodium Hypochlorite Hypochlorite 

Wash 

Figure 2-2. Zenon Treatment System, Holland America Veendam 

Simplified diagram of the Holland America Veendam Zenon membrane bioreactor treatment system. See Table 2-1 for a list of wastewater 

source, and Figure 2-1 for their collection and conveyance to the treatment system. 
3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 

This section describes the sample collection and analysis methods and deviations 

from the ship-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for Holland America Veendam (Veendam 

SAP; Appendix E). A more detailed explanation of the sampling methodologies, analytes and 

analytical methods, sampling frequency and duration, schedule, and logistics that were followed 

during sampling onboard the Veendam can be found in Section 3.0 of the Veendam SAP. 

3.1 Pre-Sampling Activities 

EPA performed an engineering ship visit to the Veednam on March 27, 2004. 

The Veendam SAP was prepared based on information collected during that ship visit and from 

subsequent follow-up communication with Holland America personnel. One week prior to the 

sampling episode, personnel conducted sampling setup activities onboard the Veendam, including 

loading sampling equipment and the onboard laboratory, inspecting the installed sampling ports, 

installing the strap-on ultrasonic flow meters, and installing and programming the automatic 

sampling machines. 

3.2 Sample Collection and Analysis Methodology 

In general, graywater sources and wastewater treatment residual samples were 

taken for one 24-hour period, while samples of the influent to and effluent from the treatment 

system were taken for five consecutive 24-hour periods (see Tables 2-1 and 2-2). Various 

sample collection methods (described in Table 3-1) were used depending on the waste stream 

and analyte (see Table 3-2). Most samples were composited over each 24-hour sampling period 

or were single grab samples in a 24-hour period. However, multiple (1 to 4) grab samples per 

24-hour period were collected for pathogen indicator analyses because these samples must be 

analyzed within 6 hours of collection (see Table 3-2). Table 3-3 describes the analyte groups 

and lists the analytical methods used. 

3-1
 
3.3 

Each time a grab or grab composite sample was taken, another separate sample 

was placed in a separate container to perform field measurements of pH, temperature, 

conductivity, salinity, turbidity, sulfide, and free and total chlorine on board. Temperature and 

pH were measured immediately at the sampling point, and the remaining parameters were 

measured at the sample staging area on board. See Table 3-4 for equipment used for these 

measurements. Field measurements are used primarily to determine sample preservation 

requirements. Samples (other than those used for field measurements) were preserved in 

accordance with procedures described in the Veendam SAP (Appendix E), with exceptions as 

noted in Section 3.6 and Table 3-5. Note that while Alaska and Federal regulations for cruise 

ship discharges include standards for total residual chlorine, the equipment used to measure 

residual chlorine onboard was not suitable for measuring low levels of chlorine (detection limit 

of 20 μg/L compared to a standard of 10 μg/L) and was subject to various interferences, such as 

from oxidized forms of manganese. Accordingly, the field measurements collected during this 

sampling episode should not be used to assess compliance with cruise ship discharge standards. 

Flow data were collected from both the strap-on flow meters installed by the 

sampling team and the pre-existing Veendam in-line flow meters. See Section 2.4 for 

descriptions of the flow meter locations and Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for their locations. The strap-on 

flow meters were programmed to record the instantaneous flow rate (m3/min) and total 

cumulative flow (m3) every five minutes. Total cumulative flow (m3) from the in-line flow 

meters was manually recorded approximately every four hours during the sampling episode. 

Converting Solids Mass Units to Volume Units 

The food pulper, screening solids, and waste biosludge samples had high solids 

contents; therefore, the results listed below were reported by the laboratories in mass units. 

C Food pulper: volatile and semivolatile organics; 

C Screening solids: classical pollutants (except total and available cyanide), 

total mercury, and volatile and semivolatile organics; and 

3-2
 
C	 Waste biosludge: classical pollutants (except total and available cyanide), 

total mercury, and volatile and semivolatile organics. 

Solids contents for these samples ranged from 1.3% to 2.9%. To allow for direct comparison of 

these results to those of other wastewater samples, mass units for these samples were converted 

to volume units using the following equation and assuming a sample density of 1: 

Amount (mass units) * (% solids/100) = Amount (volume units) 

All data in this report pertaining to food pulper, screening solids, and waste 

biosludge samples are reported in volume units. The laboratory data packages, which are 

included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record and available upon request, contain the original 

mass units results reported by the laboratories. Note that the analytical results for the incinerator 

ash sample were also reported in mass units. However, the incinerator ash results were not 

converted because the sample was 97.1% solids. 

3.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 

Duplicate samples were collected for quality assurance and quality control. 

Results for duplicate samples were averaged. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for 

details on duplicate sampling. Other field quality control samples prepared for this sampling 

episode include a trip blank and an equipment blank, which are discussed in Sections 5.2.1 and 

5.2.2, respectively. 

3.5 Interview with the Ship’s Crew 

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain information regarding activities that 

impact wastewater generation. See Appendix C for details on these interviews and Section 4.2 

for a summary. 

3-3
 
3.6 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan 

The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Veendam SAP with the 

deviations described in Table 3-5. 

3-4
 
Table 3-1

Sample Collection Method Descriptions, Holland America Veendam

3-5
 

Sample Collection Method Description 

Composite by Flow Flow-weighted composite samples were collected using an automatic sampling machine interfaced with an install

meter (see Section 2.4). The flow meter signaled the automatic sampling machine to collect a 250-mL sample aliquantity of wastewater passed through the wastewater pipe. The number of composite sample aliquots collected period ranged from approximately 75 to 150, depending on the total volume of sample required for planned analySample aliquots were collected into a 10-L sample composite jar stored within the sampling machine. At the end period, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured into individual sample bottles for analysis. Samples ccomposite-by-flow method best represent a waste stream flowing through a pipe. 

Composite by Time Time-weighted composite samples were collected using an automatic sampling machine programmed to collect 2

fixed time intervals. The programmed time interval differed by sampling point (see Table 3-2). The number of c

collected per 24-hour sampling period ranged from approximately 75 to 150, depending on the total volume of sa

analyses. Sample aliquots were collected into a 10-L sample composite jar stored within the sampling machine. 

sampling period, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured into individual sample bottles for analysis. method was used when the composite-by-flow method was not feasible. 

Grab Grab samples were discrete samples collected directly into the sample bottles from the sample tap or through Tef

the sample tap. Note that samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples (as opposed to 

because they must be analyzed within a 6-hour holding time. 

Grab Composite Samples (1 to 4 per 24-hour sampling period) were manually collected as grab samples but composited either in t

for a single analysis. The grab composite method was used when the composite-by-flow or composite-by-time mappropriate. Volatile organics - grab samples were collected directly into sample vials, which were filled completely to avoid volatilization. Grab samples for each 24-hour period for analysis of volatile organics were composited by the lab

analysis. Total and available cyanide - grab samples were chemically preserved as soon as possible to minimize sample ipreserved total and available cyanide grab samples for each 24-hour period were composited onboard by the samanalysis. Hexane extractable material/silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (HEM/SGT-HEM) - grab sampleinto sample containers to avoid loss of HEM/SGT-HEM that might adhere to the interior of any interim sampling composite jar). See Table 3-5, HEM/SGT-HEM sample collection, for a description of the HEM/SGT-HEM grab 

method, resulting in a single analysis for each 24-hour sampling period. 
3-6
 

Table 3-2

Sample Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sampling Point,

 Holland America Veendam

Wastewater 

Name 

Sampling Point 

#(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Grou

Laundry SP-1/2 Composite by time 

Automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect 250-mL sample aliquots at three-minute time intervals. The sampling machine successfully collected sample aliquots only during the relatively few intervals during the 24-hour sampling period (2300 on 6/23/04 to 2300 on 6/24/04) when the laundry wastewater was generated and flowed through the inlet pipe to the holding tank, thereby more closely approximating a flow-weighted composite sample. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 

- Settleable res- Group I - Group II Total and dissoSemivolatile orDioxins and fu

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical pollu- HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaVolatile organi

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indic

Accommodations SP-3 Composite by time 

Automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect 250-mL sample aliquots at three-minute time intervals. The sampling machine successfully collected sample aliquots only during the relatively few intervals during the 24-hour sampling period (0600 on 6/23/04 to 0600 on 6/24/04) when the accommodations wastewater holding tank discharge pump turned on, thereby more closely approximating a flow-weighted composite sample. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 - Settleable res- Group I - Group II Total and dissoSemivolatile or

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indicClassical pollu- HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaVolatile organi

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter loca(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. (e) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-7
 

Wastewater 

Name 

Sampling Point 

#(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Grou

Food Pulper SP-4 Grab composite 

To characterize the food pulper wastewater that is conveyed to the wastewater treatment system, grab samples were collected from the tank just prior to discharging the food pulper wastewater holding tank to the wastewater treatment system (i.e., just prior to 0800, 1500, and 2000). See Appendix A-3 for the exact collection times for the three subsamples in the composite. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 

- Settleable res- Group I - Group II - HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaTotal and dissoVolatile and seorganics 

Grab Grab food pulper samples were collected from the same location as described above. Two grab samples were taken. Results presented in Table 4-1 are an average. Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indic

Galley SP-5 Composite by time 

Automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect sample aliquots at 20-minute time intervals during the 24-hour sampling period (1200 on 6/21/04 to 1200 on 6/22/04). 

Classical pollu- BOD5 - Settleable res- Group I - Group II Total and dissoSemivolatile orPesticides 

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical pollu- HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaVolatile organi

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indic

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter loca(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. (e) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-8
 

Wastewater 

Name 

Sampling Point 

#(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Grou

Influent to Zenon Treatment System 

SP-6/7 Composite by Flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 

- Settleable res- Group I - Group II Total and dissoSemivolatile orPesticides Polychlorinate

Grab Composite The collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical pollu- HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaVolatile organi

Grab The number of grab samples taken per sampling day were as follows: 4, 3, 2, 3, 3. Results presented in Table 4-2 are an average for each sampling day. Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indic

Influent to UV Disinfection part of Zenon Treatment System 

SP-8 Grab 

The number of grab samples taken per sampling day were as follows: 4, 3, 2, 3, 3. Results presented in Table 4-3 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indic

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter loca(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. (e) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-9
 

Wastewater 

Name 

Sampling Point 

#(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Grou

Effluent from Zenon Treatment System 

SP-9/10 Composite by Flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 

- Settleable res- Group I - Group II Total and dissoSemivolatile or

Grab Composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical pollu- HEM/SGT-H- Total and avaVolatile organi

Grab The number of grab samples taken per sampling day were as follows: 4, 3, 2, 3, 3. Results presented in Table 4-4 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indic

Screening Solids SP-11 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 - Settleable res- Group I - Group II - Total and avaTotal metals Volatile and seorganics 

Waste Biosludge SP-12 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Classical pollu- BOD5 - Settleable res- Group I - Group II - Total and avaTotal metals Volatile and seorganics 

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter loca(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. (e) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-10
 

Wastewater 

Name 

Sampling Point 

#(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Grou

Incinerator Ash SP-13/14 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Total metals Semivolatile orDioxins and fu

Source Water SP-15 Grab 

One grab sample was taken per sampling day for pathogen indicator analyses, while one grab sample was taken for all other analytes. Appendix A-3 shows the collection times. 

Pathogen indicClassical pollu- BOD5 

- Settleable res- Group I - Group II - Total and avaTotal and dissoVolatile and seorganics 

Trip Blank SP-16 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water was poured directly into sample vials in the contractor's Chantilly, VA sampling room and shipped to the Veendam. 

The trip blank was shipped back (unopened) to the laboratory along with the collected samples. 

Volatile organi

Equipment Blank SP-17 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. The equipment blank consisted of HPLC water pumped through the automatic sampling machine and tubing and directly into sample bottles. 

Total and dissoSemivolatile or

(a) See Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for simplified diagrams of the Veendam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter loca(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-3 and 5-4 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. (e) Source water samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected for five days. Source water samples for analysis of all other analytes were collected for one day 
Table 3-3
 

Analytes and Analytical Methods, Holland America Veendam
 

Analyte Group Analytes Analytical Method Number 

Pathogen Indicators E. Coli EPA 9223B 

Enterococci ASTM D6503-99 

Fecal Coliform EPA 9222D 

Classical Pollutants Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) EPA 405.1 

Settleable residue (SS) EPA 160.5 

Group I: 

- Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 

- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 

- Sulfate 

- Chloride 

- Alkalinity 

EPA 160.2 

EPA 160.1 

EPA 375.4 

EPA 325.3 

EPA 310.1 

Group II: 

- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 

- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 

- Ammonia as Nitrogen 

- Nitrate/Nitrite as Nitrogen 

- Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 

- Total Phosphorus 

EPA 415.1 

HACH 8000 

EPA 350.1 

EPA 353.2, EPA 1685 (“solids” samples) 

EPA 351.3, EPA 1687 (“solids” samples) 

EPA 365.1 

Oil and grease measured as hexane 

extractable material and petroleum 

hydrocarbons measured as silica-gel 

treated hexane extractable material 

(HEM/SGT-HEM) 

EPA 1664 

Cyanide 

- Total cyanide 

- Available cyanide 

EPA 335.3 

EPA 1677 

Hardness SM 2340B 

Total and Dissolved 

Metals 

See Appendix A-2 for complete list of 

total and dissolved metals analyzed. 

EPA 200.7, EPA 200.8 (selenium and 

thallium), EPA 245.1 (mercury, “liquid” 

samples), EPA 245.5 (mercury, “solids” 

samples) 

Volatile and 

Semivolatile Organics 

See Appendix A-2 for complete list of 

volatile and semivolatile organics 

analyzed. 

EPA 624 

EPA 625 

Pesticides See Appendix A-2 for complete list of 

organohalide and organophosphorus 

pesticides analyzed. 

EPA 1656A 

EPA 1657A 

Polychlorinated 

Biphenyls (PCBs) 

See Appendix A-2 for complete list of 

PCBs analyzed. 

EPA 1668A 

Dioxins and Furans See Appendix A-2 for complete list of 

dioxins and furans analyzed. 

EPA 1613B 

3-11
 
Table 3-4
 

Field Measurement Equipment, Holland America Veendam
 

Parameter Measured by: 

pH Four-color pH paper 

Temperature Alcohol thermometer 

Conductivity and Salinity Portable conductivity/salinity meter (YSI Model 30) 

Turbidity Pocket turbidimeter (Hach Cat. No. 52600-00) 

Sulfide Colorimeter (Hach DR 890) 

Free and Total Chlorine Pocket colorimeter (Hach Cat. No. 46700-00) 

3-12
 
Table 3-5

Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan, Holland America Veendam

3-13
 

Deviation Description 

Pathogen Indicators Sample Collection 

The number of grab samples collected for pathogen indicator analyses was reduced from 97 described in Table 3-66 (including QC samples), primarily due to capacity limitations of the onboard laboratory. The actual number o

samples analyzed is indicated in the presentation of analytical results in Section 4.1 and in Appendix A-1 of this dteam collected and analyzed as many pathogen indicators samples as was feasible, with an emphasis on wastewatAlthough diminished, the resulting pathogen indicators data set is adequate for EPA’s needs for this program. 

Pathogen Indicators Laboratory Duplicates 

For 5% of the pathogen indicators samples, duplicate 100-mL sample volumes were taken with the intention that composite the 100-mL sample volumes and then analyze duplicate samples from each composite sample to evalu(i.e., laboratory duplicates). However, the laboratory did not prepare composites, but instead analyzed each of thindividually. Accordingly, the results obtained from these analyses are field duplicate samples, not laboratory duand handled as such in this report. See Section 5.2.3 and Table 5-4 for details on duplicate sampling for pathogen 

Pathogen Indicators Field Duplicate Samples 

The sampling team planned to collect field duplicate samples for pathogen indicators at only the effluent from treHowever, the laboratory mistakenly analyzed additional pathogen indicators sample volume that was collected as influent to treatment (SP-6/7) and the influent to UV disinfection (SP-8). Contingency sample volume was collecmethodology as the original sample. Accordingly, the results obtained from these analyses are field duplicates anhandled as such in this report. The duplicate sample pairs include samples 65224/65310 and 65259/65304. See S

for details on duplicate sampling for pathogen indicators. 

HEM/SGT-HEM Sample Collection 

HEM/SGT-HEM grab samples were not analyzed separately at the laboratory. Instead, the sampling team develocomposite the HEM/SGT-HEM grab samples onboard for a single analysis per sampling point per day, rather thaanalyses per sampling point per day. For example, at sampling points where a total of four grab samples were cosampling period, the sampling team filled approximately one-fourth (250 mL) of the sample containers when they 

sample, resulting in 1-liter of sample in each container at the end of each sampling period. This deviation significhandling and storage requirements, which were limited onboard the ship, while still producing a HEM/SGT-HEM EPA’s needs for this program. 

HEM/SGT-HEM Field Duplicate Samples 

Field duplicate samples for HEM/SGT-HEM analysis were not planned. However, due to sampler error on the salaboratory mistakenly analyzed additional HEM/SGT-HEM sample volume that was collected as a contingency apoints/days. Contingency sample volume was collected using the same methodology as the original sample. Accobtained from these analyses are field duplicates and are presented and handled as such in this report. The duplicsamples 65227/65228, 65231/65232, 65269/65270, 65273/65274, and 65277/65278. See Section 5.2.3 and Table 

sampling for HEM/SGT-HEM. 

Hardness The method was revised to determine hardness from a field titration measurement to a calculation determined usi

for calcium and magnesium. The calculation approach is considered to be more accurate than the field titration a2340B in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998). 
Table 3-5 (Continued) 

3-14
 

Deviation Description 

Laundry Wastewater (SP-1/2) The sampling team was unable to integrate the strap-on flow meter with the automatic sampling machine to colle

composite sample at this sampling point. Although the sampling set-up team was able to successfully install a strdischarge from the laundry wastewater holding tank, the sampling tap was not installed at this same position due graywater sources caused by backflow from the graywater main common line. (Note: the flow meter was set to ithrough the pipe.) Instead, the ship’s crew installed the sampling tap on the gravity drain inlet pipe to the laundry The strap-on flow meter could not be used to initiate collection of flow-weighted composite samples because flow discharge pipe consistently triggered sample collection when no wastewater was flowing in the inlet pipe. As an methodology, the automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect a time-weighted composite sample as 

EPA concluded that the collected samples were representative of laundry wastewater as generated onboard the V

Accommodations Wastewater (SP-3), Composite Samples 

The strap-on flow meter set-up and calibration procedure was unsuccessful at the accommodations wastewater sapipe from the accommodations wastewater holding tank), most likely due to poor pipe flow conditions such as piaeration. As a result, flow data could not be collected at this sampling point. In addition, the flow meter could nocollection of flow-weighted composite samples at SP-3 as described in the Veendam SAP. As an alternative samautomatic sampling machine was programmed to collect a time-weighted composite sample as described in Table that the collected samples were representative of accommodations wastewater as generated onboard the Veendam

Accommodations Wastewater (SP-3), Grab Samples 

The sampling team successfully collected only one of the four planned grab samples at SP-3 due to the inability t

collection times with adequate wastewater volumes in the accommodations holding tank. After collecting the firsunsuccessfully attempted to collect grab samples by manually operating the duty pump approximately once per hsampling period. EPA concluded that the single grab sample represented an instantaneous snapshot of accommodgenerated onboard the Veendam. 

Effluent From Treatment (SP9/10) The sampling team was unable to use the input/output on the existing flow meter at SP-9/SP-10 to collect flow-w

at this sampling point because it would modify existing flow meter outputs. As an alternative sampling methodolinstalled a strap-on flow meter at this location to collect flow characterization data and to control automatic comp

Comparison of the instantaneous flow measurements for the existing and strap-on flow meters throughout the samdemonstrated excellent agreement. This deviation had no impact on the representativeness of the collected samplComposite by flow sampling at SP-9/SP-10 was suspended on Day 3 from 0645 to 2120 because overboard disch

the ship cruised Glacier Bay. (The flow meter that controlled composite by flow sample collection was located opipe, but during this time the effluent was diverted to double-bottom holding tanks.) However, grab and grab comduring this period. 

Waste Biosludge (SP-12) The sampling team was unable to collect waste biosludge samples during overboard discharge because of the inab

sample tap on the vertical gravity flow discharge piping. As an alternative sampling methodology, the sampling grab sample of waste biosludge before it was sent to and held in the double-bottom holding tank for eventual discAccordingly, the collected samples characterize waste biosludge as generated rather than as discharged. 
Table 3-5 (Continued) 

3-15
 

Deviation Description 

Cyanide Sample Preservation The supply of lead carbonate preservative was consumed after the second sampling day. Therefore, for sampling 

were not treated to remove sulfide prior to receipt by the laboratory. See the memorandum Issues Associated witVersus Available Cyanide, included in Appendix D, for further information regarding the impact of sulfide interfe

Volatile Organics Preservation Free chlorine was detected in presampling field tests at all sampling points. Based on these results, the sampling 

volatile organics sample vials with sodium thiosulfate rather than waiting to determine preservation requirements field test results. Free chlorine was generally detected in grab samples collected throughout the sampling episodeprepreserved with hydrochloric acid to control biological activity as discussed in the Veendam SAP.) 

Analytical Methods EPA-contracted laboratories substituted comparable approved EPA analytical methods for analysis of certain ana

actual analytical methods used by the laboratories. Note that while the Veendam SAP correctly listed EPA Methods 624 and 625 as the planned methods for analyziorganics, respectively, Appendix E of the Veendam SAP mistakenly listed the target analytes for EPA Methods 1A-2 of this report presents the actual list of target volatile and semivolatile organics. 

Sampling Schedule The sampling team adjusted the sampling schedule in Appendix C of the Veendam SAP to accommodate samplin

operations. Refer to Appendix A-3 of this report for actual samples collected and sample collection dates/times. 

Ship Overview Inaccuracies Certain information in Section 3.0, Ship Overview, of the Veendam SAP, was inaccurate or incomplete: 

C Food pulper wastewater. Food pulper wastewater is not pretreated by grease traps but conveyed to the trea

pretreatment. 

C Wastewater treatment chemical addition. Operators add defoamer (rarely) and caustic to the bioreactor as n

addition is no longer used and has been disabled. Operators add citric acid and sodium hypochlorite to the on alternate days. 

C Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning cycle. See Section 2.2 of this report for a description of the membrane cC Wastewater treatment residuals. See Section 2.2 of this report for additional information regarding wastew

generation, handling, and discharge/disposal. 
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

This section presents the data collected during this sampling episode. Section 4.1 

presents the analytical results and discussion; Section 4.2 presents interview results for activities 

that impact wastewater generation; and Section 4.3 presents flow data and analysis. Analytical 

results for field measurements performed onboard are presented in Appendix A-3. Note that 

anomalous analytical results were obtained for available and total cyanide; these data have not 

been excluded from the data set, but the results are presented in and discussed in Section 5.1.1 

(in the data quality section of this report) and not in the current section. 

4.1 Laboratory Analytical Results and Discussion 

4.1.1 Graywater 

Table 4-1 presents analytical results for laundry, accommodations, food pulper, 

and galley wastewaters, which were sampled for one 24-hour period. Only those analytes 

detected at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influent to 

treatment system, or effluent from treatment system) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 

and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

Of the 295 analytes tested for in the graywater sources, 67 were detected in these 

waste streams. Twenty-one of these 67 analytes were also detected at some level in the 

equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-1; see Table 5-2 for equipment blank results), 

meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of these analytes to the 

samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from sampling equipment in a 

future analysis. Thirty-two of these 67 detected analytes were also detected at some level in the 

potable water used as source water for all graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-1; see 

Table 4-8 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or 

all of these analytes to the samples. 

Chart 1 presents the number of analytes detected in each graywater source. 

4-1
 
Chart 1. Number of Analytes Detected in Graywater Sources 

Analyte Group (a) 

Number of Analytes Detected 

Laundry Accommodations Food Pulper Galley 

Pathogen Indicators 0 3 3 3 

Classical Pollutants 14 14 15 13 

Total and Dissolved Metals 29 33 42 33 

Volatile and Semivolatile 

Organics 

1 4 2 2 

Total 44 54 62 51 

(a) See Table 3-3 for information on analyte groups. 

Chart 2 presents the number of analytes that were detected in each graywater 

source at the highest concentration. For example, the highest detected concentrations for two of 

the pathogen indicators were found in the food pulper wastewater, while the highest detected 

concentration for the third indicator was found in the accommodations wastewater. Note that a 

graywater source that has the highest concentration of an analyte will not necessarily contribute 

the greatest amount of that analyte to the wastewater treatment system. The total amount of an 

analyte contributed by a particular graywater source also will depend on that source’s volume 

compared to the volumes of the other sources. Flow (and thus volume) information was not able 

to be collected for all graywater sources (see Table 2-1). 

Chart 2. Number of Analytes Detected at Highest Concentration in Graywater 

Analyte Group (a) 

Number of 

Analytes Detected 

in Graywater 

Number of Analytes Detected at the Highest Concentration 

Laundry Accommodations Food Pulper Galley 

Pathogen Indicators 3 0 1 2 0 

Classical Pollutants 16 1 0 15 0 

Total and Dissolved 

Metals 

44 4 8 32 0 

Volatile and 

Semivolatile 

Organics 

4 0 2 2 0 

Total 67 5 11 51 0 

(a) See Table 3-3 for information on analyte groups. 

Food pulper wastewater contained both the greatest number of detected analytes 

(62) and the greatest number of analytes detected at the highest concentration (51 out of 67 

4-2 
detected analytes). Food pulper wastewater had the highest concentrations of E. coli and 

enterococci, almost all classical pollutants (including hexane extractable material (HEM) and 

silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (SGT-HEM), nutrients, and solids), and most 

metals. 

Accommodations wastewater contained a total of 54 analytes and showed the 

highest concentration among the wastewaters for 11 of the analytes, including fecal coliform, 

tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and 8 metals. 

Laundry wastewater contained a total of 44 analytes and showed the highest 

concentration for 5 analytes, including alkalinity and several dissolved metals. Laundry 

wastewater was the only graywater source that was analyzed for dioxins and furans because this 

was the most likely possible source of these analytes; none were detected. 

Galley wastewater contained a total of 51 analytes but did not have the highest 

concentration of any of the analytes among graywater sources. Galley wastewater did, however, 

show the second highest concentration for several analytes commonly used to measure 

wastewater strength: al1 3 pathogen indicators, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical 

oxygen demand (COD), HEM/SGT-HEM, and total suspended solids (TSS). The galley 

wastewater was sampled before pretreatment (grease trap), which would reduce HEM/SGTHEM concentrations prior to entering the wastewater treatment system. Galley wastewater was 

the only graywater source that was analyzed for pesticides because this was the most likely 

possible source; none were detected. 

4.1.2 Influent to Treatment System 

Table 4-2 presents analytical results for the influent to the treatment system, 

which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those analytes detected 

at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influent to treatment 

system, or effluent from treatment system) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A-2 

present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

4-3
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

All 3 pathogen indicators and all 16 classical pollutants were detected in the 

influent to treatment samples. One of these 19 analytes (hardness) was also detected at some 

level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5-2 for equipment blank 

results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of this analyte 

to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from equipment in a 

future analysis. Eight of these detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable 

water used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-2; 

see Table 4-8 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed 

some or all of these analytes to the samples. 

Wastewater conservation practices used onboard, such as use of vacuum toilets, 

result in highly concentrated wastewater. Chart 3 compares the influent to the Veendam 

treatment system to typical domestic wastewater for selected pathogen indicators and classical 

pollutants. Fecal coliform and enterococci concentrations in the influent to the Veendam 

treatment system were two or more orders of magnitude greater than in typical untreated 

domestic wastewater. Key analytes commonly used to assess wastewater strength, such as 

BOD5, TSS, and COD, were detected at concentrations two or more times greater than typical 

domestic wastewater. 

Chart 3. Comparison of Influent to Veendam Treatment System to Untreated Domestic
 

Wastewater
 

Analyte 

Influent to Veendam 

Treatment System 

Untreated Domestic 

Wastewater (a) 

Enterococci 105

 to 106 MPN/100 mL 102 to 103 number/100 mL 

Fecal Coliform 106

 to 107 CFU/100 mL 104 to 105 number/100 mL 

Ammonia 60 to 84 mg/L 12 to 50 mg/L 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 481 to 786 mg/L 110 to 400 mg/L 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 799 to 2,040 mg/L 250 to 1,000 mg/L 

Nitrate/Nitrite ND to 0.07 mg/L 0 mg/L 

Oil and Grease 41 to 164 mg/L 50 to 150 mg/L 

Total Phosphorus 10 to 20 mg/L 4 to 15 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 473 to 805 mg/L 100 to 350 mg/L 

(a) Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, Third Edition, 1991. 

4-4 
Total and Dissolved Metals 

Of the 36 metal analytes detected in the influent to treatment samples, 27 were 

detected in every influent to treatment sample (Table 4-2). Twenty of these 36 analytes were 

detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5-2 for 

equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or 

all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination 

from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty-four of these detected analytes were also detected 

at some level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater systems (flagged by an 

“s” in Table 4-2; see Table 4-8 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have 

contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. 

The 10 metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were: total and 

dissolved calcium, total and dissolved magnesium, total and dissolved iron, total and dissolved 

sodium, total aluminum, and total zinc. Total and dissolved copper, nickel, selenium, and zinc, 

and dissolved mercury are priority pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, 

Appendix A) that were detected in every influent to treatment sample. Some metals may result 

from contact with carbon and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs 

Among the 365 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics, pesticides, 

and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), only 9 were detected in any Veendam influent to 

treatment samples: 2 semivolatile organics, 2 volatile organics, and 5 PCBs (Table 4-2). Many 

of these analytes were detected at concentrations close to their detection limits. Neither of the 2 

detected semivolatile organics were detected in the equipment blank (see Table 5-2 for 

equipment blank results; volatile organics and PCBs were not analyzed for in the equipment 

blank). None of the 4 detected volatile or semivolatile analytes were detected in the source 

water (see Table 4-8 for source water results; PCBs were not analyzed for in source water). 

4-5
 
The two semivolatile organics detected in the influent to treatment were: bis(2­

ethylhexyl)phthalate and phenol. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a plasticizer (a chemical added to 

plastics to make them flexible) and is commonly detected in environmental samples (ATSDR, 

2002). Cruise ships use a wide variety of plastic products (e.g., floor tiles, shower curtains, 

hoses, packaging materials and containers, PVC piping) that may result in the presence of bis(2­

ethylhexyl)phthalate in the influent to treatment. Other possible sources include tubing and 

other plastic materials used by the analytical laboratory. 

Phenol is both man-made and produced naturally. It is found in human wastes 

(urine). It is also found in some foods (smoked summer sausage, fried chicken, mountain 

cheese, some species of fish). Man-made sources include the use of phenol as a slimicide, as a 

disinfectant, and in medicinal preparations such as ointments, ear and nose drops, and antiseptic 

wipes. (ATSDR, 1998) All of these are possible sources for the presence of phenol in cruise 

ship wastewater. 

The two volatile analytes detected in the influent to treatment were 

tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene. Tetrachloroethene is a solvent used in metal cleaning and 

dry cleaning (EPA, 2001). The Veendam has a dry cleaning facility, but all tetrachloroethene 

wastes are collected for shoreside waste disposal. According to the ship’s crew, noncontact 

cooling water (cooling water that does not come into contact with dry cleaning solvent) is routed 

to the accommodations wastewater system. Tetrachloroethene was detected in accommodations 

wastewater; however, the average tetrachloroethene concentration in the influent to wastewater 

treatment was almost 20 times greater than the tetrachloroethene concentration detected in 

accommodations wastewater. Interviews with the ship’s crew did not identify any other sources 

of tetrachloroethene aboard the Veendam. 

Trichloroethene is a solvent used in metal degreasing, metal finishing, paint and 

ink formulation, and electrical/electronic components (EPA, 2001). The Veendam print shop is 

equipped with a sink used for hand washing and diluting chemicals. The sink drains to the 

accommodations wastewater system. Trichloroethene was detected in the accommodations 

wastewater and in the influent to treatment at similar concentrations. 

4-6
 
No pesticides were detected in the influent to the Veendam wastewater treatment 

system. 

Five PCB congeners and co-eluting congener groups were detected in the influent 

to the wastewater treatment system: PCB-6, PCB-11, PCB-16, PCB-21+PCB-33, and PCB153+PCB-168. In addition, the laboratory reported values for total dichloro-biphenyls and total 

PCBs. PCBs were generally detected at very low concentrations, less than one part per billion, 

just above the reported detection limit. The only exception was PCB-11 (3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl), 

which was detected at a concentration of twice the detection limit. None of the detected PCBs 

were among the 12 “toxic” PCBs identified by the World Health Organization. (Note that PCBs 

were not analyzed for in the source water.) 

4.1.3 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the Treatment System 

Table 4-3 presents pathogen indicator results for the influent to UV disinfection 

part of the Veendam’s wastewater treatment system. Grab samples for pathogen indicator 

analyses were collected at this sampling point for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. 

Pathogen indicators, which were generally in the millions at the influent to the treatment system 

(see Table 4-2), were reduced to less than 100 after the bioreactor and membrane filter (i.e., 

before the UV disinfection step). Data for pathogen indicators in the final effluent (i.e., after the 

UV disinfection step) are presented in the next section. 

4.1.4 Effluent from the Treatment System 

Table 4-4 presents analytical results for the effluent from the treatment system, 

which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those analytes detected 

at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influent to treatment 

system, or effluent from treatment system) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A-2 

present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

4-7
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

A total of 15 grab samples were collected for analysis of the three pathogen 

indicators over the five 24-hour sampling periods (results and collection times for each grab 

sample are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the 

effluent from the treatment system; the exceptions to this were 2 grab samples, both on Day 4, 

with enterococci detected at concentrations close to the detection limit. 

Thirteen of the 16 classical pollutants were detected in effluent from treatment 

system; 3 classical pollutants (HEM, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not detected in any effluent 

samples. One of the 13 detected classical analytesShardnessSwas also detected at some level in 

the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; see Table 5-2 for equipment blank results), 

meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of this analyte to the 

samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from equipment in a future 

analysis. Eight of these detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water 

used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-4; see 

Table 4-8 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or 

all of these analytes to the samples. 

Chart 4 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the effluent from the 

Veendam treatment system are lower than EPA’s standards for secondary treatment. 

Chart 4. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Effluent from Veendam Treatment System to 

Secondary Treatment Standards 

Classical Pollutant 

Average Effluent from 

Veendam Treatment System 

Secondary Treatment 

Standards (a) 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) <3.20 mg/L 45 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) mg/L 45 mg/L 

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatment Regulations, 7-day average.
 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).
 

4-8 
Total and Dissolved Metals 

Among the 54 total and dissolved metals analytes tested for, 29 were detected in 

one or more effluent from treatment samples (Table 4-4). Of these 29 detected metals analytes, 

23 were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Seventeen of the 29 detected metal 

analytes were also detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; 

see Table 5-2 for equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have 

contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of 

possible contamination from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty-three of these detected 

analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water used as source water for all 

graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-4; see Table 4-8 for source water results), 

meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. 

The 10 metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total and 

dissolved calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and zinc. Total and dissolved copper, nickel, 

selenium, and zinc, and dissolved mercury are priority pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 

CFR Part 423, Appendix A) that were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Some 

metals may result from contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. 

There are no EPA secondary treatment standards for metals. 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans 

Among the 84 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics analyzed, 

only oneStetrachoroetheneSwas detected in any Veendam effluent samples (Table 4-4). 

Tetrachloroethene was detected in the Veendam effluent at an average concentration of 33.4 

μg/L. On the Veendam, possible sources of tetrachloroethene include metal cleaning and dry 

cleaning (see Section 4.1.2). 

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the effluent 

from the treatment system. 

4-9
 
4.1.5	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison of Influent to 

Treatment System and Effluent from Treatment System 

The Zenon system successfully removed almost all pathogen indicators (>99%; 

Table 4-5) and most classical pollutants, metals, and organics (Table 4-6). 

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

Pathogen indicators were substantially removed by the bioreactor and membrane 

filter (>96%); any remaining pathogen indicators were generally removed by UV disinfection to 

levels below detection (overall system efficiency >99%, see Table 4-5). Fecal coliform and E. 

coli were not detected in any of the 15 effluent from treatment samples; enterococci was detected 

at levels close to the detection limit in 2 of the 15 samples. 

The treatment system removed almost all biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 

(>99%), and most chemical oxygen demand (COD) (97%) and total organic carbon (TOC) 

(93%) (Table 4-6). The system also removed almost all settleable residue and total suspended 

solids (TSS) (both >99%). Oils and greases (HEM and SGT-HEM) were removed to levels 

below detection. 

The treatment system reduced ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which 

measures both ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen), and total phosphorus by approximately 

75%, while nitrate/nitrite levels remained relatively unchanged (Table 4-6). Nitrogen is likely 

taken up by the microorganisms in the bioreactor and removed from the system in the waste 

biosludge. It is unlikely that nitrogen is removed by nitrification (the mechanism of ammonia 

biodegradation) as nitrification would have resulted in an increase in nitrate/nitrite concentration, 

but these levels remained relatively unchanged. Phosphorus also is most likely taken up by the 

microorganisms in the bioreactor as evidenced by elevated total phosphorus concentrations in the 

waste biosludge (see Section 4.1.6 and Table 4-7). 

4-10
 
Total and Dissolved Metals 

The total metals analysis measures both the particulate and dissolved forms of 

metals, while the dissolved metals analysis measures only the dissolved form. The difference 

between the total and dissolved metals measurements is the particulate metals concentration. 

Metals were present in both particulate and dissolved forms in the influent to the treatment 

system (i.e., the total metals concentrations exceeded the dissolved metals concentrations for 

most metals analytes) (Table 4-2). In comparison, metals were predominantly present in the 

dissolved form in the effluent from the treatment system (i.e., the total and dissolved metals 

concentrations were similar in these samples) (Table 4-4). Furthermore, there were elevated 

metals concentrations in the screening solids and waste biosludge (see Table 4-7). This means 

that the treatment system is highly efficient in removing particulate metals, as would be expected 

for membrane filtration (and as supported by >99% removal of settleable residue and TSS, see 

Table 4-6). The treatment systems removed dissolved metals with an average efficiency of 37% 

(Table 4-6). 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans 

The treatment system was able to remove most of the volatile and semivolatile 

organic compounds to levels below detection (Table 4-6). Possible removal mechanisms include 

biological degradation, adsorption onto screening solids and waste biosludge (see Table 4-7), 

and/or volatilization. 

Pesticides were not detected in the influent to treatment and were not analyzed for 

in the effluent from treatment. While PCBs were detected in the influent to treatment at low 

levels, they were not analyzed for in the effluent from treatment; EPA has no data regarding the 

performance of the Zenon treatment system for removing PCBs. Dioxins and furans were not 

analyzed for in either the influent to or effluent from the treatment system. Dioxins and furans 

were analyzed for in laundry wastewater, and none were detected. 

4-11
 
4.1.6 Screening Solids, Waste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash 

Table 4-7 presents the results for analytes detected in one-time grab samples of 

screening solids (from two coarse screens at the beginning of the treatment system), waste 

biosludge (excess biological mass from the treatment system’s bioreactor), and incinerator ash 

(from incineration of trash, including food solids from the food pulper) collected during the 

sampling episode. Table 4-7 also shows the average influent to treatment analyte concentrations 

from Table 4-6 for comparison. 

Most of the analytes detected in the screening solids and waste biosludge were 

also detected in the influent to treatment. For many analytes, concentrations in the screening 

solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the influent to treatment, suggesting that these 

analytes are removed from the system in these waste streams. See Section 4.1.5 for a detailed 

discussion of wastewater treatment system performance. 

4.1.7 Source Water 

Potable water is used as source water for all ship operations that generate 

graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers, and toilets). Potable 

water is produced onboard and bunkered while in port, with each source providing 

approximately half of the fresh water requirements for the ship. Twelve total metals, 12 

dissolved metals, and 8 classical pollutants were detected in the one-time grab sample of potable 

water collected during this sampling episode (Table 4-8). None of the analytes detected in the 

source water exceeded Federal drinking water standards (Table 4-8). Five grab samples of 

source water were collected for pathogen indicators analysis. No pathogen indicators were 

detected in these samples. 

4-12
 
4.2	 Summary of Interviews Regarding Activities that Impact Wastewater 

Generation 

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain information regarding activities that 

impact wastewater generation (see Appendix C for detailed reports). The ship’s crew provided 

operational, discharge, and wastewater treatment operating logs corresponding to the period of 

the sampling episode. These documents are included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record and 

are available upon request. 

4.2.1	 Wastewater Generation 

Galley 

The Veendam has two dining rooms and 24-hour room service. Approximately 

4,700 meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks) are served daily. The ship’s two galleys are 

equipped with six automatic washing machines (dishwashers, glass washer, pot washers). All 

six washing machines operate in the evening, and only one dishwasher operates in the morning 

to handle the small number of meals served at that time. Dishes are washed using Solid Power 

or Solid Metal Pro (high alkaline solid automatic dishmachine detergents). Both detergents 

contain 50% caustic soda. The impact of the caustic component of the dishwashing detergent is 

minimal as the pH of the sampled galley wastewater was 6. The Veendam also uses Rinse Dry, 

an automatic washing machine rinse aid, which contains an ethyleneoxy/propyleneoxyderivative nonionic surfactant. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for these products are 

included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record and are available upon request. 

Laundry 

The Veendam laundry is operated 24 hours per day processing approximately five 

loads of towels and two loads of linens daily; most laundry is washed from approximately 2100 

to 0200 each day. On change-over days (i.e., when the ship disembarks passengers and embarks 

new passengers), more loads of linens are washed. The laundry uses cleaning agents provided 

by Johnson Diversey; MSDS for these cleaning agents are included in the Cruise Ship 

4-13
 
Rulemaking Record and are available upon request. Table 4-9 lists the laundry cleaning agents 

and their ingredients. 

Photo Processing 

The Veendam has an onboard photo processing lab. All waste photographic 

chemicals are collected into drums for disposal onshore. The drums are stored in a 

sump/containment area to catch any spills. Silver-containing chemical wastes are pretreated by a 

silver recovery unit, which retains the silver within the filter for eventual recovery. The filtrate 

is collected into a drum and offloaded for disposal as either hazardous or nonhazardous waste 

depending on the tested silver content. A laboratory sink is used to rinse equipment such as 

chemical trays. The sink is physically blocked to prohibit discharges to the accommodations 

system, and collected rinse waters are pumped to the silver recovery unit. The photo lab has no 

floor drains to ensure spilled chemicals do not enter the drain system. 

Print Shop 

The Veendam houses a print shop. The print shop sink is used for hand washing 

and diluting chemicals for use. The sink drains to the accommodations system. Print shop staff 

indicated they are careful not to overflow chemicals into the sink when diluting chemicals. The 

shop has no waste pretreatment facilities and no chemicals are stored in the area. 

Trichloroethene is a component of print ink and may have contributed to detected concentrations 

in the accommodations and influent to treatment wastewater samples. 

Dry Cleaning 

The Veendam has a dry cleaning facility. Solvent wastes from the operation are 

disposed of onshore as hazardous waste. According to the ship’s crew, noncontact cooling water 

(cooling water that does not come into contact with dry cleaning solvent) drains to the forward 

holding tank that feeds into the accommodations system. Dry cleaning solvent is stored in 

plastic drums, and all dry cleaning machinery, piping, and solvent drums are located within a 

4-14
 
curbed area designed to contain any spills or leaks and prevent them from entering any floor 

drains. A sink adjacent to the dry cleaning machine is used for hand washing. Squirt bottles 

containing stain remover chemicals are stored over the sink. 

Chemical Storage 

The ship has a discrete area that is used only for chemical storage, primarily 

laundry cleaning agents, general purpose cleaners, and hand cleaners (no waste is stored in this 

location). There are no sinks present in the chemical storage area. All chemicals are stored on 

pallets with no containment. According to the ship’s crew, there are no floor drains in the 

storage area. Additional chemicals may be stored in other locations, such as engine room shops, 

but the sampling team did not tour these areas. 

4.2.2 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use 

The Veendam uses Maxforce bait stations (active ingredient fipronil) to monitor 

the ship for insects. The bait stations are designed to attract insects and to keep floor wash water 

out. The monitoring stations are used at all times and are usually placed in galleys, bars, garbage 

rooms, and some cabins. The Veendam uses two types of spray insecticides: Siegebait (active 

ingredient hydramethylnon) in cracks and crevices of grout and tiles and Cykick (active 

ingredient cyfluthrin) in other places. Spray insecticides are used only when an infestation is 

detected, generally less than once per week. No pesticides were detected in Veendam 

wastewater samples. 

The Veendam does not use fungicides or rodenticides onboard. Traps are set up 

to catch rodents, and these are inspected routinely. Every six months, the ship hires an outside 

contractor to conduct an inspection, and the ship is issued a derat certificate. 

4-15
 
4.3 Flow Data 

Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters were used to collect flow measurements and, in 

some cases, to control automatic composite sample machines on (1) the outlet from the laundry 

wastewater holding tank, (2) the influent to the wastewater treatment system, and (3) the effluent 

from the wastewater treatment system (see Section 2.4 and Figures 2-1 and 2-2). The flow 

meters were programmed to record the instantaneous flow rate (m3/min) and total flow (m3) 

every five minutes. Appendix B-1 presents all flow measurements from the strap-on flow 

meters. 

In addition, flow data were collected from three of the Veendam’s in-line flow 

meters: (1) on the discharge line from sewage collection tanks, (2) on the discharge line from 

the graywater storage tanks, and (3) on the effluent from the treatment system (i.e., the overboard 

discharge line for treated effluent) (see Section 2.4 and Figure 2-2). Combined, the in-line flow 

meters on the sewage and graywater tank discharges represent the flow into the treatment 

system. Continuous flow readings from the in-line flow meters are not recorded on the 

Veendam, so total flow (m3) was manually recorded 3 to 5 times each day. Appendix B-2 

presents the recorded in-line flow meter data. 

Note that the times that the in-line flow data were recorded did not always 

correspond to exactly 24 hours (readings for each sampling day ranged from approximately 22 to 

26 hours). Calculations were required to convert these daily flow volumes to the corresponding 

24-hour flow volume. First, the total daily flow was calculated as the difference between the 

total flows recorded at the end of each sampling day. For example, the calculated flow for Day 2 

for the effluent from the treatment system was 426 m3

 (300,551 m3 at 0915 on June 22, 2004 

minus 300,125 m3

 at 0654 on June 21, 2004). Second, the calculated total daily flow was 

prorated to a 24-hour flow volume by multiplying by 24 hours and dividing by the actual time 

interval of the recorded daily flow measurements. For example, the ratio for the daily flow 

for Day 2 for the effluent from the treatment system was 0.91 (1,440 minutes divided by 1,581 

minutes), resulting in a 24-hour flow volume of 388 m3. Note that the calculated daily 

4-16
 
flow rates from the sewage and graywater in-line flow meters were summed to determine the 

total daily flow rates to the influent to the treatment system. 

Flow data analyses presented in this section are based on only those flow data 

collected during the sampling episode of June 20 through June 25. Appendix B contains all flow 

data collected while onboard the Veendam from June 18 through 25. 

The total daily volume of laundry wastewater, influent to the treatment system, 

and effluent from the treatment system for each 24-hour sampling period from both the strap-on 

and in-line flow meters are presented in Figure 4-1. The Veendam discontinued discharge for 

part of Day 3 of this sampling episode (while it cruised Glacier Bay National Park) and diverted 

the wastewater to a holding tank for overboard discharge when outside 12 nm of shore, as can be 

seen by a dip in the total daily effluent discharge on Day 3. The total daily flow from the 

laundry, influent, and effluent (excluding Day 3) remained relatively constant over the five-day 

sampling episode, regardless of whether the ship was in port (Days 1, 4, and 5) or at sea (Days 2 

and 3). 

The daily flow rates measured by the strap-on flow meter at the influent to 

treatment are approximately half the influent flow rates calculated from the Veendam’s in-line 

flow meters (on the discharge pipes from the sewage collection and graywater storage tanks) and 

approximately half the flow rates measured at the effluent from treatment. These data indicate 

that the quantitative flow data recorded by the strap-on flow meter on the influent to the 

treatment system are suspect. Therefore, subsequent analyses of flow rates for the influent to 

and effluent from the treatment system are based on flow measurements from the in-line flow 

meters. (Analyses of laundry flow rates are based on the strap-on flow meter as there was no inline flow meter at this location.) Qualitative flow data recorded by the strap-on flow meter on 

the influent to the treatment system (i.e., fluctuations over time), which controlled collection of 

flow-weighted composite samples at this sampling point (see Tables 3-1 and 3-2), are believed to 

be accurate based on a comparison of strap-on and in-line flow meter data. 

4-17
 
Daily flow rates and flow per capita are presented in Table 4-10. Per capita flow 

rates were calculated based on 1,820 people (1,300 passengers and 520 crew) onboard during the 

sampling episode, as reported by the ship’s crew. On average, each person generated 

approximately 62 gallons of untreated sewage and graywater per day during the sampling 

episode. This volume included approximately 17 gallons of sewage per day and 45 gallons of 

graywater per day. Thus, sewage constituted approximately 28% of the total flow to the 

treatment system and graywater constituted approximately 72%. The average discharge from the 

treatment system was approximately 58 gallons of treated wastewater per person per day. 

Figure 4-2 presents the average effluent from treatment flow for each hour 

interval over the five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods, calculated from data collected via 

the strap-on flow meter. The effluent from treatment peaks at around 2200 and fluctuates 

substantially during the hours from 2200 to around 0500, the period when most passengers are 

not generating sewage or accommodations wastewater, but when other activities that generate 

graywater, such as laundry and dishwashing (galley), occur. 

4-18
 
4-19
 

Table 4-1 

Graywater Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam 

Analytical results for each graywater source for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode. See 

for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Graywater samples were collected for one 24-hour period; see Section 3.2 for the smethodology. Table 2-1 lists the specific wastewater streams in each graywater source, and Figure 2-1 identifies sampling point locatiowastewater results were converted from mass to volume units; see Section 3.3. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 4identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL ND(10.0) 520 1,220,000 [N=2] Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL ND(10.0) 510 19,600 [N=2] Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL ND(1,000) 7,730,000 79,500 [N=2] Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) mg/L 130 48.0 ND(10.0) Ammonia as Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 0.360 1.00 29.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 63.6 391 17,300 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 170 541 51,400 Chloride (s) mg/L 10.0 38.0 655 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 8.45 54.3 270 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 20.0 52.0 5,010 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.100 ND(0.0500) 0.220 Settleable Residue mL/L ND(0.110) 2.10 900 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(7.00) 2,240 Sulfate (s) mg/L 13.0 17.0 35.0 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 222 242 6,050 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with one grab sample for laundry, accommodations, and galley, and twfor the 24-hour sampling period. Results for the food pulper grab samples are reported as the average, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results. ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 
Table 4-1 (Continued) 

4-20
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 3.00 12.0 166 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 49.0 144 5,370 Total Phosphorus mg/L 1.00 3.00 46.0 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 32.0 254 19,800 Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 118 745 2,910 Antimony, Total ug/L P114 ND(5.97) ND(5.97) 13.6 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 14.7 89.3 108 Beryllium, Total ug/L P117 ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) Boron, Total (s) ug/L ND(3.37) 55.5 166 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) 1.50 Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 2,520 18,200 71,200 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(1.68) 6.50 16.3 Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.914) ND(0.914) 2.40 Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 258 975 400 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 229 5,730 3,010 Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 8.90 50.2 45.3 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 525 2,160 22,700 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 6.50 75.0 434 Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 ND(0.0170) 0.330 ND(0.0170) Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.50) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with one grab sample for laundry, accommodations, and galley, and twfor the 24-hour sampling period. Results for the food pulper grab samples are reported as the average, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results. ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 
Table 4-1 (Continued) 

4-21
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 10.7 29.4 41.6 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 0.960 0.820 16.5 Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(1.28) ND(1.28) 2.10 Sodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 63,700 30,100 376,000 Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) 0.0100 Tin, Total ug/L ND(3.45) 4.50 88.6 Titanium, Total (e) ug/L 1.20 6.00 8.80 Vanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.679) 6.20 1.80 Yttrium, Total ug/L ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.222) Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 303 1,500 4,210 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 63.3 268 614 Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) 5.70 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 3.00 51.4 69.6 Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L ND(3.37) 61.4 147 Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 1,970 16,300 67,100 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) 2.40 Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 1.50 ND(0.914) 7.60 Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 182 90.3 17.5 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 72.8 3,270 527 Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 5.90 3.70 4.90 Magnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 437 1,960 20,900 Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 5.80 41.6 8.10 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with one grab sample for laundry, accommodations, and galley, and twfor the 24-hour sampling period. Results for the food pulper grab samples are reported as the average, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results. ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 
Table 4-1 (Continued) 

4-22
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 0.180 0.390 0.260 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 7.30 19.6 38.1 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 ND(0.572) 0.670 6.80 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 59,900 29,300 388,000 Thallium, Dissolved ug/L P127 0.0200 ND(0.00900) 0.0800 Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(3.45) ND(3.45) 29.9 Titanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L 1.70 0.330 ND(0.253) Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 1.20 ND(0.679) 0.940 Zinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 178 635 3,780 Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 29.1 32.6 261 Phenanthrene ug/L P081 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(27.9) Phenol ug/L P065 ND(10.0) 12.4 32.4 Tetrachloroethene ug/L P085 ND(10.0) 52.3 ND(0.277) Trichloroethene ug/L P087 ND(10.0) 20.9 ND(0.277) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with one grab sample for laundry, accommodations, and galley, and twfor the 24-hour sampling period. Results for the food pulper grab samples are reported as the average, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results. ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 
4-23
 

Table 4-2 

Influent to Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam 

Analytical results for the influent to treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episand A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Influent to treatment system samples were collected for five consecutive 2

see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location. Average influent to treatment confrom the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

In

Tr

(S

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL >1,370,000 [N=4] >8,650,000 [N=3] 8,010,000 [N=2] 6,290,000 [N=3] 5,870Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL >750,000 [N=4] >1,110,000 [N=3] 4,950,000 [N=2] 1,340,000 [N=3] 2,910Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 8,390,000 [N=4] 10,900,000 [N=3] 71,000,000 [N=2] 68,300,000 [N=3] 6,970

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) mg/L 311 435 323 376 Ammonia as Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 60.0 84.0 63.0 80.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 504 786 576 481 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 799 1,960 1,300 2,040 Chloride (s) mg/L 72.0 88.0 75.0 84.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 47.6 78.3 68.5 74.6 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) (c) 

mg/L 41.0 79.0 129 164 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) 

mg/L 0.0600 0.0700 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3 and 4. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-24
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

In

Tr

(S

Settleable Residue ML/L 40.0 82.0 22.0 66.0 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGTHEM) (c) mg/L 6.10 7.00 34.5 14.5 Sulfate (s) mg/L 26.0 33.0 30.0 32.0 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 453 492 510 435 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 91.0 141 103 86.0 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 182 187 192 235 Total Phosphorus mg/L 10.0 13.0 13.0 19.0 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 473 805 630 655 Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 419 597 508 597 Antimony, Total ug/L P114 ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.97) NArsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.32) 2.60 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 59.1 71.0 64.6 65.2 Beryllium, Total ug/L P117 ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) NDBoron, Total (s) ug/L 62.1 69.3 77.9 72.1 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.446) 0.460 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) NDCalcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 13,300 23,200 20,900 22,600 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(1.68) 3.70 2.00 3.70 Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.914) NDCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 185 314 285 263 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3 and 4. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-25
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

In

Tr

(S

Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,590 1,590 1,740 1,700 Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 14.8 9.20 4.90 3.90 NMagnesium, Total (s) ug/L 3,500 4,940 3,970 4,420 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 48.3 67.7 56.5 61.8 Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 0.360 0.500 0.520 ND(0.0170) Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.50) NNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 35.7 33.0 24.2 21.6 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 1.10 1.50 1.00 1.30 Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(1.28) 1.70 ND(1.28) 1.30 Sodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 76,000 91,900 80,200 74,400 Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) NDTin, Total ug/L ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) 6.80 Titanium, Total (e) ug/L 1.90 2.80 2.10 2.40 Vanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) NDYttrium, Total ug/L ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.222) NDZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 1,300 1,080 841 797 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 107 31.0 51.4 238 Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) NBarium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 19.8 14.5 18.1 34.1 Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L 63.2 68.8 71.2 72.8 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3 and 4. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-26
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

In

Tr

(S

Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 9,600 12,700 13,900 17,500 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) NCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 4.00 4.10 3.00 2.10 Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 44.5 37.1 42.8 136 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 624 395 512 921 Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 3.10 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.08) NMagnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 2,780 3,680 3,020 3,900 Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 18.1 20.8 17.2 37.6 Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 0.350 0.320 0.330 0.420 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 33.3 26.3 20.7 17.2 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 0.870 1.20 0.840 1.00 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 73,900 86,000 72,900 75,200 Thallium, Dissolved ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND

Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) NTitanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L ND(0.253) ND(0.253) ND(0.253) 0.560 NDVanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) NDZinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 634 288 199 357 Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 10.1 15.3 20.3 24.0 NPhenanthrene ug/L P081 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) N

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3 and 4. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-27
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

In

Tr

(S

Phenol ug/L P065 13.9 15.0 13.4 ND(10.0) Tetrachloroethene ug/L P085 443 274 147 1,360 Trichloroethene ug/L P087 32.2 20.1 24.4 66.9 Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCB-6 pg/L 60.0 NC NC NC PCB-11 pg/L 496 NC NC NC PCB-16 pg/L 124 NC NC NC PCB-21+PCB-33 pg/L 230 NC NC NC PCB-153+PCB-168 pg/L 610 NC NC NC Total Dichloro Biphenyls pg/L 556 NC NC NC Total Hexachloro Biphenyls pg/L 610 NC NC NC Total Trichloro Biphenyls pg/L 354 NC NC NC Total PCBs pg/L 1520 NC NC NC 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3 and 4. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged results. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
4-28
 

Table 4-3

Influent to UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam

Analytical results for the influent to UV disinfection part of the wastewater treatment system. Influent to UV disinfection samples were consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point locaUV concentrations determined from the daily results. 

Analyte Unit 

Influent to UV 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to UV 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to UV 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to UV 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 4 

Influen

(SP-

Da

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL 97.9 [N=4] 7.33 [N=3] < 1.50 [N=2] < 1.02 [N=3] 43.2 

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL 37.0 [N=4] 9.25 [N=2] 2.50 [N=2] 54.2 [N=3] 54.2 Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 100 [N=4] 12.0 [N=3] 6.00 [N=2] < 3.80 [N=3] < 13.1 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samsampling period. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [Nindividual grab sample results.< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-29
 

Table 4-4 

Effluent from Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam 

Analytical results for the effluent from treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling eA-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Effluent from treatment system samples were collected for five conseperiods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location. Average effluent from tr

determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applic

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

Tre

(SP

D

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00)[N=4] ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1.00)[N=2] ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1.00)[N=2] < 1.68 [N=3] ND(1Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL ND(1.00)[N=4] ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1.00)[N=2] ND(1.00)[N=3] ND(1Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) mg/L 222 265 252 244 Ammonia as Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 11.0 12.0 12.0 28.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 3.64 5.95 ND(2.00) 2.05 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 33.5 37.0 34.0 38.0 Chloride (s) mg/L 61.0 67.0 70.0 68.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 24.2 36.0 40.6 45.1 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) (c) 

mg/L ND(5.00) ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.50) ND

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L ND(0.0500) 0.120 0.110 ND(0.0500) NDSettleable Residue mg/L ND(0.100) ND(0.130) ND(0.110) ND(0.110) < 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3, 4, and 5. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged result

(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-30
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

Tre

(SP

D

Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) (c) 

mg/L ND(5.00) ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.50) ND

Sulfate (s) mg/L ND(3.00) 4.00 9.00 18.0 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 324 386 354 318 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 34.0 13.0 22.0 29.0 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 12.5 16.0 14.0 15.0 Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.190 0.120 0.130 9.00 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDTotal and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 33.1 43.6 46.2 40.3 Antimony, Total ug/L P114 ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.97) NDArsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) NDBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 16.0 24.7 25.8 18.6 Beryllium, Total ug/L P117 ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) ND(0.0540) NDBoron, Total (s) ug/L ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.37) NDCadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) ND(0.446) ND(0.446) NDCalcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 7,240 11,300 13,000 14,200 1Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) NDCobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.914) NDCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 10.6 11.8 8.70 6.90 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3, 4, and 5. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged result

(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-31
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

Tre

(SP

D

Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 376 296 367 283 Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.08) NDMagnesium, Total (s) ug/L 1,490 1,900 2,000 2,350 2Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 12.2 16.2 18.1 18.4 Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 ND(0.0170) ND(0.0170) < 0.164 0.320 0Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.50) NDNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 23.8 18.3 14.6 11.8 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 < 0.586 0.840 0.680 0.830 0Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(1.28) ND(1.28) ND(1.28) ND(1.28) NDSodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 93,600 107,000 89,100 74,600 6Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) 0.0100 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(Tin, Total ug/L ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) NDTitanium, Total (e) ug/L ND(0.253) ND(0.253) ND(0.253) ND(0.253) NDVanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.679) NDYttrium, Total ug/L ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.222) NDZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 549 562 333 196 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 34.7 41.9 37.2 38.6 Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.32) NDBarium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 15.6 24.5 25.8 18.2 Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.37) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3, 4, and 5. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged result

(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-32
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

Tre

(SP

D

Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 7,090 11,200 13,000 14,000 1Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.68) NDCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L < 0.957 ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.914) Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 8.70 11.0 7.20 5.60 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 356 296 357 266 Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.08) NDMagnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 1,460 1,880 2,020 2,320 2Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 13.4 16.1 19.3 19.4 Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 0.270 0.270 0.330 0.360 0Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 23.5 18.8 14.9 11.7 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 < 0.606 0.720 0.805 0.700 0Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 91,200 105,000 89,000 73,500 6Thallium, Dissolved ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) ND(Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.45) NDTitanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L < 0.317 ND(0.253) < 0.297 ND(0.253) NDVanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.679) 0.760 ND(0.679) ND(0.679) NDZinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 534 553 323 191 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3, 4, and 5. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged result

(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-33
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

Tre

(SP

D

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) NDPhenanthrene ug/L P081 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) NDPhenol ug/L P065 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) NDTetrachloroethene ug/L P085 10.4 37.4 47.7 26.5 Trichloroethene ug/L P087 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with a minimum of two grab samples and a maximum of four grab samperiod. Results are reported as an average for each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). Seindividual grab sample results.(c) Two sample volumes of HEM and SGT-HEM were inadvertently analyzed for Days 3, 4, and 5. Reported results for these analyses for these days are averaged result

(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-34
 

Table 4-5

Wastewater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators, Holland America 

Pathogen indicators performance data for the Veendam’s Zenon wastewater treatment system. Average analyte concentrations were deresults presented in Tables 4-2 through 4-4. Percent removals were calculated using the average influent to and effluent from treatment 

Analyte Unit 

Average Influent to 

Treatment Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Influent to UV 

Disinfection Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

Treatment Concentration 

(SP-10) (a) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL > 6,040,000 <30.2 ND(1.00) Enterococci MPN/100 mL > 2,210,000 31.4 <1.14 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 33,100,000 <27.0 ND(1.00) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - In an average, average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D). In a remo

of removal.
4-35
 

Table 4-6 

Wastewater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other Than Pathogen Indicators, Hollan

Performance data for the Veendam’s Zenon wastewater treatment system for analytes other than pathogen indicators detected in either tfrom treatment. Range and average analyte concentrations were determined from the daily results presented in Tables 4-2 and 4-4. Percalculated using the average influent and effluent analyte concentrations. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, A

where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-9) (a) 

Effluent fro

Treatment 

Concentration R

(SP-9) (a) 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) mg/L 363 311 - 435 245 222 - 265 Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 71.0 60.0 - 84.0 18.4 11.0 - 29.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 577 481 - 786 <3.20 ND(2.00) - 5.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 1,480 799 - 2,040 37.0 33.5 - 42.5 Chloride (s) mg/L 79.0 72.0 - 88.0 66.0 61.0 - 70.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 68.0 47.6 - 78.3 38.2 24.2 - 45.3 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 100 41.0 - 164 ND(5.50) ND(5.00) - ND(Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L <0.0560 ND(0.0500) - 0.0700 <0.0760 ND(0.0500) - 0Settleable Residue mL/L 55.8 22.0 - 82.0 <0.201 ND(0.100) - <0Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGTHEM) mg/L 14.4 6.10 - 34.5 ND(5.50) ND(5.00) - ND(Sulfate (s) mg/L 29.8 26.0 - 33.0 <9.80 ND(3.00) - 18Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 464 432 - 510 338 309 - 386 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 105 86.0 - 141 25.3 13.0 - 34.0 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 198 182 - 235 14.1 12.5 - 16.0 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-6 (Continued) 

4-36
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-9) (a) 

Effluent fro

Treatment 

Concentration R

(SP-9) (a) 

Total Phosphorus mg/L 15.0 10.0 - 20.0 3.39 0.120 - 9.00 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 655 473 - 805 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 531 419 - 597 40.6 33.1 - 46.2 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 <2.41 ND(2.32) - 2.60 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 64.1 59.1 - 71.0 19.9 14.6 - 25.8 Boron, Total (s) ug/L 68.1 59.0 - 77.9 ND(3.37) ND(3.37) Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 <0.449 ND(0.446) - 0.460 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 20,200 13,300 - 23,200 12,000 7,240 - 14,20Chromium, Total ug/L P119 <3.02 ND(1.68) - 4.00 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 246 184 - 314 8.97 6.90 - 11.8 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,610 1,430 - 1,740 298 171 - 376 Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 <7.18 ND(3.08) - 14.8 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 4,290 3,500 - 4,940 2,040 1,490 - 2,46Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 59.1 48.3 - 67.7 16.1 12.2 - 18.4 Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 <0.423 ND(0.0170) - 0.720 <0.168 ND(0.0170) - 0Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 27.3 21.6 - 35.7 15.3 8.00 - 23.8 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 1.26 1.00 - 1.50 <0.781 <0.586 - 0.97Silver, Total ug/L P126 <1.89 ND(1.28) - 3.90 ND(1.28) ND(1.28) Sodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 78,100 68,200 - 91,900 86,800 69,600 - 107,0Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 ND(0.00900) ND(0.00900) <0.00920 ND(0.00900) - 0

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-6 (Continued) 

4-37
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-9) (a) 

Effluent fro

Treatment 

Concentration R

(SP-9) (a) 

Tin, Total ug/L <4.31 ND(3.45) - 6.80 ND(3.45) ND(3.45) Titanium, Total (e) ug/L 2.52 1.90 - 3.40 ND(0.253) ND(0.253) Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 947 719 - 1,300 360 162 - 562 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 98.5 31.0 - 238 37.4 34.6 - 41.9 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 20.4 14.5 - 34.1 19.7 14.5 - 25.8 Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L 67.7 62.3 - 72.8 <6.84 ND(3.37) - 20Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 13,400 9,600 - 17,500 11,800 7,090 - 14,00Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 3.48 2.10 - 4.20 <1.04 ND(0.914) - 1Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 59.0 34.4 - 136 8.00 5.60 - 11.0 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 574 395 - 921 285 152 - 357 Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 <3.08 ND(3.08) - 3.10 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) Magnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 3,370 2,780 - 3,900 2,020 1,460 - 2,44Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 22.9 17.2 - 37.6 17.3 13.4 - 19.4 Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 0.360 0.320 - 0.420 0.324 0.270 - 0.39Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 22.7 16.0 - 33.3 15.5 8.40 - 23.5 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 0.982 0.840 - 1.20 <0.746 <0.606 - 0.90Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 74,700 65,400 - 86,000 85,700 69,700 - 105,0Titanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L <0.314 ND(0.253) - 0.560 <0.274 ND(0.253) - <0Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.679) ND(0.679) <0.695 ND(0.679) - 0.Zinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 318 111 - 634 353 164 - 553 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
4-38
 

Table 4-6 (Continued) 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-9) (a) 

Effluent fro

Treatment 

Concentration R

(SP-9) (a) 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 <15.9 ND(10.0) - 24.0 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) Phenol ug/L P065 <15.5 ND(10.0) - 25.1 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) Tetrachloroethene ug/L P085 993 147 - 2,740 33.4 10.4 - 47.7 Trichloroethene ug/L P087 40.3 20.1 - 66.9 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
4-39
 

Table 4-7 

Treatment System Residuals and Incinerator Ash Analytical Results, Holland America Vee

Analytical results for one-time grab samples of treatment system residuals (screening solids from two coarse screens and excess biologiand incinerator ash for analytes detected at least once in these samples. See Appendix A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nonde2 identify the sampling point locations; see Table 3-2 for sample collection methodology. Also shown are average concentrations for thsamples (from Table 4-2) for comparison. Certain screening solids and waste biosludge results were converted from mass to volume unPriority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant Code 

Screening Solids 

(SP-11) (a) 

Biosludge 

(SP-12) (a) 

Incinerator Ash 

(SP-13) (a) 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) 223 mg/L 499 mg/L NC Ammonia as Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) 21.6 mg/L 76.3 mg/L NC Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 6,610 mg/L 3,870 mg/L NC 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 12,300 mg/L 14,800 mg/L NC Chloride (s) 137 mg/L 62.4 mg/L NC Hardness (e) (s) 55.3 mg/L 49.2 mg/L NC Settleable Residue 1,000 mL/L 560 mL/L NC Sulfate (s) 90.2 mg/L 398 mg/L NC Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) 470 mg/L 1,280 mg/L NC Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 348 mg/L 75.5 mg/L NC Total Phosphorus 75.9 mg/L 153 mg/L NC Total Metals Aluminum, Total 19,200 ug/L 10,500 ug/L 44,800 mg/kg Antimony, Total P114 25.8 ug/L 16.9 ug/L 28.3 mg/kg Arsenic, Total P115 ND(2.32) ug/L 7.60 ug/L 5.20 mg/kg 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figures 2-1 and 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is the detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-40
 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant Code 

Screening Solids 

(SP-11) (a) 

Biosludge 

(SP-12) (a) 

Incinerator Ash 

(SP-13) (a) 

Barium, Total (e) (s) 1,950 ug/L 1,560 ug/L 837 mg/kg Beryllium, Total P117 ND(0.0540) ug/L ND(0.0540) ug/L 0.410 mg/kg Boron, Total (s) 286 ug/L 775 ug/L 585 mg/kg Cadmium, Total P118 3.50 ug/L 5.20 ug/L 1.40 mg/kg Calcium, Total (e) (s) 166,000 ug/L 132,000 ug/L 174,000 mg/kg Chromium, Total P119 72.4 ug/L 64.1 ug/L 286 mg/kg Cobalt, Total 9.30 ug/L 7.90 ug/L 13.7 mg/kg Copper, Total (e) (s) P120 2,180 ug/L 4,230 ug/L 6,510 mg/kg Iron, Total (e) (s) 59,600 ug/L 43,800 ug/L 28,500 mg/kg Lead, Total (e) P122 40.6 ug/L 59.8 ug/L 417 mg/kg Magnesium, Total (s) 33,600 ug/L 39,400 ug/L 13,600 mg/kg Manganese, Total (e) (s) 1,150 ug/L 980 ug/L 673 mg/kg Molybdenum, Total 26.5 ug/L 36.5 ug/L 42.8 mg/kg Nickel, Total (s) P124 160 ug/L 234 ug/L 223 mg/kg Selenium, Total P125 16.7 ug/L 25.7 ug/L 1.39 mg/kg Silver, Total P126 17.5 ug/L 30.1 ug/L 15.4 mg/kg Sodium, Total (e) (s) 157,000 ug/L 142,000 ug/L 49,600 mg/kg Thallium, Total (s) P127 0.0800 ug/L ND(0.0450) ug/L ND(1.53) mg/kg Tin, Total 76.9 ug/L 51.6 ug/L 61.6 mg/kg Titanium, Total (e) 23.6 ug/L 7.10 ug/L 1,060 mg/kg Vanadium, Total 77.6 ug/L 21.8 ug/L 484 mg/kg Yttrium, Total ND(0.222) ug/L ND(0.222) ug/L 3.10 mg/kg 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figures 2-1 and 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is the detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-41
 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant Code 

Screening Solids 

(SP-11) (a) 

Biosludge 

(SP-12) (a) 

Incinerator Ash 

(SP-13) (a) 

Zinc, Total (e) (s) P128 6,390 ug/L 5,930 ug/L 2,700 mg/kg Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate P066 91.6 ug/L 21.1 ug/L 2,260 ug/kg Phenanthrene P081 ND(28.8) ug/L ND(13.5) ug/L 441 ug/kg Phenol P065 700 ug/L 875 ug/L 1,140 ug/kg Tetrachloroethene P085 1.66 ug/L 2.63 ug/L NC Trichloroethene P087 ND(0.283) ug/L 1.14 ug/L NC Dioxins and Furans 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD NC NC 192 pg/g 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF NC NC 1,890 pg/g 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF NC NC 117 pg/g 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD NC NC <11.8 pg/g 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF NC NC 188 pg/g 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD NC NC 17.5 pg/g 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF NC NC 187 pg/g 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD NC NC 29.2 pg/g 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF NC NC <11.2 pg/g 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD NC NC <8.2 pg/g 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF NC NC 42.4 pg/g 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF NC NC 426 pg/g 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF NC NC 130 pg/g 2,3,7,8-TCDD NC NC 1.50 pg/g 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figures 2-1 and 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is the detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-42
 

Table 4-7 (Continued) 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant Code 

Screening Solids 

(SP-11) (a) 

Biosludge 

(SP-12) (a) 

Incinerator Ash 

(SP-13) (a) 

2,3,7,8-TCDF NC NC 35.2 pg/g Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin NC NC 427 pg/g Octachlorodibenzofuran NC NC 742 pg/g 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figures 2-1 and 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is the detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-8
 

Source Water Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam
 

Analytical results for one-time grab sample of source water for detected analytes. See Appendix A-2 for all 

analytical results (detected and nondetected). Also shown are Federal drinking water standards for comparison. 

Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 30 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant Code 

Source Water 

(SP-15) (a) 

Federal Drinking Water 

Standards (b) 

Classical Pollutants 

Alkalinity mg/L 57.0 

Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L 0.0570 

Chloride mg/L 15.0 250 

Hardness mg/L 68.5 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) mg/L 0.270 10 (Nitrate) 

1 (Nitrite) 

Sulfate mg/L 21.0 250 

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 121 500 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) mg/L 1.00 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Barium, Total ug/L 32.0 2,000 

Boron, Total ug/L 33.0 

Calcium, Total ug/L 24,200 

Copper, Total ug/L P120 72.2 1,300 

Iron, Total ug/L 30.6 300 

Magnesium, Total ug/L 1,950 

Manganese, Total ug/L 0.720 50 

Mercury, Total ug/L P123 0.310 2.0 

Nickel, Total ug/L P124 15.8 

Sodium, Total ug/L 10,500 

Thallium, Total ug/L P127 0.0200 2.0 

Zinc, Total ug/L P128 13.6 5,000 

Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 14.8 

Barium, Dissolved ug/L 30.9 

Boron, Dissolved ug/L 39.1 

Calcium, Dissolved ug/L 24,300 

Cobalt, Dissolved ug/L 1.70 

Copper, Dissolved ug/L P120 59.7 

Magnesium, Dissolved ug/L 1,960 

Manganese, Dissolved ug/L 2.60 

Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 0.420 

Nickel, Dissolved ug/L P124 14.5 

Sodium, Dissolved ug/L 10,500 

Zinc, Dissolved ug/L P128 8.40 

(a) Sampling point number; see Table 2-1. 

(b) 40 CFR 141.62 National Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Inorganic Contaminants (nitrate/nitrite, barium, mercury, thallium); 40 

CFR 141.51 National Primary Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Inorganic Contaminants (copper); and 40 CFR 143.3 Secondary 

Maximum Contaminant Levels (chloride, sulfate, TDS, iron, manganese, zinc). 

4-43 
Table 4-9
 

Laundry Cleaning Agents Used Onboard, Holland America Veendam
 

Chemical Name Ingredients According to Material Safety Data Sheets 

Diver Alik-Liquid alkali 10% to 30% NaOH 

3% to 7% sodium nitrolotriacetate 

Renew Extra-Liquid Laundry Detergent 10% to 30% linear alcohol ethoxylate 

3% to 7% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 

3% to 7% ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 

Super Impede-Stain Remover Unknown (MSDS not provided) 

Divercide 6F-Liquid Laundry Sour 

(silicofluorides mineral acid) 

10% to 30% hydrofluorosilic acid 

Valid II-Fabric Softener 

(cationic surfactant) 

10% to 30% ditallow diamido methosulphate 

1% to 5% isopropanol 

Emphasize-Starch and Sizing Blend Sodium chloride 

Water 

Polyvinylacetate emulsion 

Modified corn starch 

4-44
 
4-45
 

Table 4-10 

Flow Data by Sampling Period, Holland America Veendam 

Flow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow meter for the laundry and via the Veendam’s in-line flow meters for the influent to and efflu

(see Section 4.3). Total daily flow data for the influent to treatment system were calculated from flow readings recorded from the Veendam

on the graywater and sewage lines that feed into the treatment system. These sources added together equal the total flow into the treatment 

show the flow meter locations. Flow per capita was calculated by dividing the daily flow totals by the total number of passengers and crew 

Veendam during the sampling episode. 

Sampling 

Period 

Laundry (SP-1) Influent to Treatment System (SP-6) 

Strap-on 

Daily Total 

Flow, 

gal/day 

(m3/day)

 (a) 

Daily Flow Per 

Capita, 

gal/day/person 

(m3/day/person) 

In-line 

Sewage Daily 

Total Flow, 

gal/day 

(m3/day) 

(b) 

Sewage Daily 

Flow Per 

Capita, 

gal/day/person 

(m3/day/person) 

In-line 

Graywater 

Daily Total 

Flow, 

gal/day 

(m3/day) 

(b) 

Graywater 

Daily Flow Per 

Capita, 

gal/day/person 

(m3/day/person) 

In-line Daily 

Total Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day) 

(c) 

Combined 

Sewage and 

Graywater 

Daily Flow Per 

Capita, 

gal/day/person 

(m3/day/person) 

g

Day 1 26,700 (101) 14.7 (0.055) 31,100 (118) 17.1 (0.065) 82,300 (312) 45.2 (0.171) 113,000 (429) 62.3 (0.236) Day 2 23,200 (88.0) 12.8 (0.048) 33,000 (125) 18.1 (0.069) 81,300 (308) 44.7 (0.169) 114,000 (432) 62.8 (0.238) Day 3 26,700 (101) 14.7 (0.055) 31,700 (120) 17.4 (0.066) 81,800 (310) 45 (0.17) 114,000 (430) 62.4 (0.236) Day 4 21,400 (81.0) 11.7 (0.045) 29,800 (113) 16.4 (0.062) 81,800 (310) 44.9 (0.17) 112,000 (422) 61.3 (0.232) Day 5 20,600 (78.0) 11.3 (0.043) 31,200 (118) 17.2 (0.065) 79,000(299) 43.4 (0.164) 110,000 (417) 60.6 (0.229) 

Average 23,800 (90.0) 13.1 (0.049) 31,400 (119) 17.2 (0.065) 81,200 (307) 44.6 (0.169) 113,000 (426) 61.9 (0.234) 1

(a) Flow data collected from strap-on flow meter installed by the sampling team. (b) Flow data calculated from flow readings recorded from the Veendam’s in-line flow meters; see Section 4.3. (c) Influent to treatment flow was calculated by adding flow data collected from in-line flow meters installed on the graywater and sewage lines that feed into the treatment sys

(d) Average daily discharge flow rate for effluent from treatment system excludes data for Day 3 when the Veendam discontinued discharge while it cruised Glacier Bay Natio
0 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

Day 1 Seward Day 2 College 

Fjord 

Day 3 Glacier 

Bay 

Day 4 Sitka Day 5 Juneau 

Sampling Period 

Tot

al Flow per D

a

y (

cu m/da

y) 

Laundry Strap-on 

Influent Strap-on 

Effluent Strap-on 

Veendam In-line Influent (GW+BW) 

Veendam In-line Effluent 

Figure 4-1. Total Daily Flow, Holland America Veendam 

Flow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow meters installed by the sampling team and from the Veendam's 

in-line flow meters. Flow data are presented as daily totals calculated for each location. Combined, the in-line flow 

meters on the sewage and graywater tank discharges represent the flow into the treatment system. Figures 2-1 and 

2-2 show the flow meter locations. Flow data recorded by the strap-on flow meter installed at the influent to 

treatment are suspect. 

4-46
 
0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 

22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 

Time of Day 

H

ourly Flow (

cu m

/hour) 

S t r ap-on E f f l ue nt 

Figure 4-2. Average Hourly Wastewater Treatment System Flow, Holland America 

Veendam 

Average effluent flow for each hour interval over the five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods, calculated 

and plotted from the strap-on flow meter installed by the sampling team. Figure 2-2 shows the flow meter 

location. Bars represent the standard deviation of the hourly flow calculated for the five consecutive 

sampling days. 

4-47
 
5.0 

5.1 

DATA QUALITY 

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the Veendam 

sampling episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for Rulemaking Support for 

Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (QAPP), which is included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking 

Record and is available upon request. This section describes the quality control practices used to 

assess the precision and accuracy of the analytical data presented in Section 4.0. Quality control 

(QC) practices used for this sampling episode include the analysis of matrix spikes, duplicate 

samples, and quality control standard checks. 

Analytical Quality Control 

EPA verified that laboratory performance was acceptable by conductig quality 

checks of the analytical data as specified by the QAPP. Data review chemists prepared written data 

review narratives (Appendix D) describing any qualifications of the analytical data. The following data 

were not considered to be of acceptable quality for the reasons discussed in Appendix D and were 

excluded from the data set: 

C Three pesticides: 

— Norflurazon in samples 65215, 65227, and 65240, 

— Ancephate in sample 65227, and 

— Kepone in sample 65240. 

One pathogen indicator: 

— Enterococci in sample 65262. 

5-1
 

C
C	 Four semivolatile organics: 

—	 Benzidine for all samples, and 

—	 4-Nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, and hexachlorocyclopentadiene 

in sample 65293. 

5.1.1 Cyanide Results 

There was uncertainty regarding the analytical results for available and total 

cyanide. Although these data have not been excluded from the database, the results are 

presented in Table 5-1 and not in the analytical results summary tables in Section 4.1. Available 

cyanide was detected in many samples, while total cyanide was not detected in these samples. In 

theory, the total cyanide results for any given sample will be greater than the available cyanide 

results in the same sample. Further investigation identified multiple issues with sample 

collection and analysis that may have led to the irreconcilable results for total and available 

cyanide in these samples, including poor matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate recoveries for total 

cyanide, lack of treatment to remove sulfides interferences for some samples, and poor 

agreement of duplicate sample results (see memoranda Data Review Narrative for Classical 

Analyses for the Alaska Cruise Ship Industry Episode 6503 and Issues Associated with Results

 for Total Cyanide Versus Available Cyanide in Appendix D for a complete discussion). Because 

it was not possible to determine which analysis was correct, EPA flagged the irreconcilable 

results in the database to alert data users to the presence of such problems. 

EPA did not identify any known source of cyanide onboard the Veendam during 

its onboard interviews regarding activities that impact wastewater generation. 

5.1.2 Mercury Results 

There was expressed uncertainty regarding the analytical results for total and dissolved 

mercury because these analytes were detected in a laboratory blank at concentrations greater 

than the method detection limit (MDL). See data review narrative for total and dissolved metals 

analyses in Appendix D for a complete discussion. Although other metals analytes were detected in 

laboratory blanks at concentrations greater than the MDL, total mercury was the only 

5-2
 
analyte that was detected in the treatment effluent above one or more water quality 

criteria/standards. 

5.2 Field Quality Control 

The trip blank, equipment blank, and field duplicate results are the field QA/QC 

measures discussed in this subsection. Section 3.8 of the Veendam SAP discusses field QC 

specifications. Tables presented in this section of this document include results for only those 

analytes detected in the field QC samples during the sampling episode. Appendices A-1 and A-2 

contain the results for all analytes, both detected and nondetected. 

5.2.1 Trip Blank 

A trip blank was collected and analyzed for volatile organics to evaluate possible 

contamination during shipment and handling of samples. This sample consisted of high 

performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water. The trip blank was prepared prior to the 

start of the sampling episode, and accompanied samples shipped to the laboratory on June 25, 

2004. 

No volatile organics were detected in the trip blank, indicating that there was no 

contamination of samples during transport, field handling, storage, or shipping. (Note that there 

is no table with the results of the analyses in this section of the report because all results are 

nondetects.) 

5.2.2 Equipment Blank 

The sampling team collected an equipment blank to assess the potential 

introduction of contaminants by sample collection equipment. The sample collection equipment 

used to collect the equipment blank was the same as that used at the sampling points: 

approximately 4 feet of Teflon® tubing connected on one end to a series of metal plumbing 

fixtures installed on each sample port, and the other end to a small segment of silicone tubing 

5-3
 
used in the peristaltic pump mechanism of the automatic sampler. The equipment blank was 

collected by pumping HPLC water through this equipment directly into sample bottles. 

Table 5-2 presents the detected results for the equipment blank. Nine total metals 

and 11 dissolved metals were detected in the equipment blank. Table 5-2 also includes a value 

for hardness (a classical analyte), which was calculated based on the total magnesium and 

calcium concentrations detected in the sample using Standard Method 2340B. In tables 

presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, all 20 of these metal analytes and hardness are 

flagged with an “(e)” to indicate they were detected in the equipment blank. EPA will consider 

the impact of possible contamination from sampling equipment in a future analysis. 

5.2.3 Field Duplicates 

Field duplicate samples were collected to assess the precision of the entire sample 

collection, handling, preparation, and analysis process. The relative percent difference (RPD) 

between the two duplicate sample results is calculated and compared to the data quality 

objective. For this program, the QAPP provides an RPD target for field duplicate samples as 

less than 30% for all analytes of a specific analytical method. 

Classical Pollutants (Except HEM/SGT-HEM), Total and Dissolved Metals, 

and Semivolatile Organics 

For classical pollutants (except HEM/SGT-HEM), total and dissolved metals, and 

semivolatile organics, field duplicate samples were samples collected from the same source, at 

the same time, then stored and analyzed independently. The duplicate samples were collected as 

split samples poured from the same mixed sample composite jars to minimize sample 

wastestream variability. Duplicate samples for these analytes were collected from the effluent 

from the wastewater treatment system (SP-9/10), except for the following: duplicate samples for 

dioxins and furans analytes were collected from the laundry graywater (SP-1/2), and duplicate 

samples for pesticides analytes were collected from the influent to the wastewater treatment 

system (SP-6/7). 

5-4
 
Table 5-3 presents analytical results and the RPDs for these duplicate samples and 

includes analytical results for only those analytes that were detected at least once in wastewater 

samples (i.e., graywater sources, influent to treatment system, or effluent from treatment system) 

during the sampling episode. Duplicate sample results for pesticides and dioxins and furans are 

not shown in Table 5-3 because these analytes were not detected in any wastewater samples 

during the sampling episode, including these duplicate samples. 

There was excellent precision in sampling and analysis for this sampling episode. 

Of the 134 duplicate pairs listed in Table 5-3, 122 either achieved the RPD target, or the RPD 

could not be calculated because both of the duplicate samples were less than the detection limit. 

The RPD could not be calculated for 9 of the duplicate pairs because the analyte was detected in 

one sample but not the other. Analytical variability increases as analyte concentrations approach 

their detection limits. The three duplicate pairs with an RPD outside of the target (i.e., $30% 

difference) include one of two duplicate pairs for each of aluminum, dissolved mercury, and total 

Kjeldahl nitrogen. These results are not uncommon in complex wastewater samples. 

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sample results 

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

Pathogen Indicators, HEM/SGT-HEM, Volatile Organics, and Dioxins and 

Furans in Incinerator Ash 

For pathogen indicators, HEM/SGT-HEM, volatile organics, and dioxins and 

furans in incinerator ash, field duplicate samples were collected sequentially and not as split 

samples as was done for the other analytes. For these samples, this methodology introduced 

sample wastestream variability into the assessment of the precision of sample collection and 

analysis. Duplicate samples for these analytes were collected from the effluent from the 

treatment system (SP-9/10), except for the following: one duplicate sample pair for pathogen 

indicators and two duplicate sample pairs for HEM/SGT-HEM were collected from the influent 

to the treatment system (SP-6/7), and one duplicate sample pair for pathogen indicators was 

collected from the influent to UV disinfection (SP-8). Duplicate samples for dioxins and furans 

were collected from the incinerator ash (SP-13/14). As discussed in Section 3.6, collection and 

5-5
 
analysis of duplicate samples for analysis of HEM/SGT-HEM is a deviation from the Veendam 

SAP. In addition, collection and analysis of pathogen indicators duplicate samples at sampling 

locations other than the effluent from the treatment system (SP-9/10) was also a deviation from 

the Veendam SAP (see Section 3.6). Table 5-4 presents analytical results and the RPDs for these 

duplicate samples. 

The RPD target of less than 30% may not be appropriate for these duplicate 

samples because the wastestreams are expected to be variable. As shown in Table 5-4, for 

influent to treatment and influent to UV disinfection wastewaters, 5 of the 10 duplicate sample 

pairs had RPDs greater than 30%. Of the 37 duplicate sample pairs listed in Table 5-4 for the 

effluent from treatment, one achieved the QAPP-specified RPD target, and for 33, the RPD 

could not be calculated because both of the duplicate samples was less than the detection limit. 

The RPD could not be calculated for one of the duplicate pairs because the analyte was detected 

in one sample but not the other. The two sample pairs with an RPD outside of the target (i.e., 

$30% difference) were for tetrachloroethene. For incinerator ash samples, 12 of the 17 duplicate 

sample pairs had RPDs greater than 30%. 

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sample results 

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). In the case 

of pathogen indicators, average daily results presented incorporate both duplicate grab samples 

and multiple grab samples collected for individual analysis during each 24-hour sampling period. 

First, duplicate results, where applicable, were averaged to determine the average individual grab 

sample results for that sample (e.g., grab 1 duplicate sample results for Day 3 were averaged 

together to represent the average grab 1 sample result for Day 3). Next, the individual grab 

sample results for each day were averaged to calculate the average daily pathogen indicators 

results presented in the tables (e.g., grab sample results 1 through 3 for Day 3 were averaged 

together to calculate the average Day 3 pathogen indicators sample results). In this way, the 

average daily pathogen indicators results presented in the tables are weighted equally by time of 

day, rather than weighted more heavily by the particular time of day when duplicate grab 

samples were collected. 

5-6
 
Table 5-1
 

Available and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam
 

Available and total cyanide analytical results are irreconcilable; see Section 5.1.1. 

Waste Stream Available Cyanide 

(ug/L) 

Total Cyanide 

(ug/L) 

Laundry (SP-1) ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Accommodations (SP-3) 15.7 ND(5.00) 

Food Pulper (SP-4) 88.4 14.0 

Galley (SP-5) ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Influent to Treatment (SP-6), Day 1 10.4 ND(5.00) 

Influent to Treatment (SP-6), Day 2 ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Influent to Treatment (SP-6), Day 3 7.54 ND(5.00) 

Influent to Treatment (SP-6), Day 4 35.4 ND(5.00) 

Influent to Treatment (SP-6), Day 5 16.0 ND(5.00) 

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9), Day 1 < 5.48 ND(5.00) 

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9), Day 2 < 3.93 ND(5.00) 

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9), Day 3 ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9), Day 4 ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9), Day 5 2.01 ND(5.00) 

Screening Solids (SP-11) ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Biosludge (SP-12) ND(2.00) ND(5.00) 

Source Water (SP-15) 19.1 ND(5.00) 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetect results). 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

5-7
 
Table 5-2
 

Equipment Blank Analytical Results, Holland America Veendam
 

Analytical results for analytes detected in the equipment blank. See Appendix A-2 for all analytical results (detected 

and nondetected). The equipment blank was collected as a one-time grab sample. Priority pollutants (designated by 

EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority Pollutant 

Code 

Equipment Blank

 (SP-17) 

Classical Pollutants 

Hardness mg/L 0.170 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Barium, Total ug/L 8.00 

Calcium, Total ug/L 58.2 

Copper, Total ug/L P120 23.5 

Iron, Total ug/L 191 

Lead, Total ug/L P122 27.8 

Manganese, Total ug/L 5.20 

Sodium, Total ug/L 197 

Titanium, Total ug/L 0.440 

Zinc, Total ug/L P128 256 

Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 406 

Barium, Dissolved ug/L 21.2 

Calcium, Dissolved ug/L 53.2 

Copper, Dissolved ug/L P120 3.10 

Iron, Dissolved ug/L 35.1 

Lead, Dissolved ug/L P122 77.2 

Magnesium, Dissolved ug/L 12.4 

Manganese, Dissolved ug/L 5.80 

Sodium, Dissolved ug/L 260 

Titanium, Dissolved ug/L 0.960 

Zinc, Dissolved ug/L P128 46.5 

5-8
 
5-9
 

Table 5-3

Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Classical Pollutants (Except HEM/SGT-HEM)

Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics, Holland America Veendam

Field duplicate analytical results for classical pollutants (except HEM/SGT-HEM), total and dissolved metals, and semivolatile organic

wastewater samples during the sampling episode. See Appendix A-2 for all field duplicate analytical results (detected and nondetected)for these analytes are split samples collected from the same source, at the same time, stored and analyzed independently. Results for dupesticides from the influent to treatment (SP-6/7) and dioxins and furans from the laundry wastewater (SP-1/2) are not presented in this were not detected in these samples. See Figure 2-2 for the sampling point locations. Also listed are the average result and relative percfor each duplicate pair. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity (s) mg/L 65261 65281 222 222 222 Alkalinity (s) mg/L 65265 65283 261 269 265 Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 65261 65281 11.0 11.0 11.0 Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) (s) mg/L 65277 65289 29.0 29.0 29.0 Available Cyanide (s) ug/L P121 65261 65281 ND(2.00) 8.96 < 5.48 Available Cyanide (s) ug/L P121 65265 65283 5.86 ND(2.00) < 3.93 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 65269 65285 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.0

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 65277 65289 2.24 2.49 2.37 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 65261 65281 34.0 33.0 33.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 65277 65289 39.0 46.0 42.5 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-10
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Chloride (s) mg/L 65261 65281 60.0 62.0 61.0 Chloride (s) mg/L 65265 65283 68.0 66.0 67.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 65261 65281 24.4 24.0 24.2 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 65269 65285 40.4 40.7 40.6 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) 

mg/L 65261 65281 ND(0.050) ND(0.050) ND(0.05

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) 

mg/L 65277 65289 ND(0.050) ND(0.050) ND(0.05

Settleable Residue mL/L 65273 65287 ND(0.110) ND(0.110) ND(0.11Settleable Residue mL/L 65277 65289 1.00 ND(0.11) < 0.555 Sulfate (s) mg/L 65261 65281 ND(3.00) ND(3.00) ND(3.0Sulfate (s) mg/L 65265 65283 4.00 4.00 4.00 Total Cyanide mg/L P121 65261 65281 ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.00Total Cyanide mg/L P121 65265 65283 ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.00Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 65261 65281 323 324 324 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) (s) mg/L 65265 65283 385 386 386 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 65261 65281 12.0 56.0 34.0 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 65277 65289 29.0 28.0 28.5 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 65261 65281 13.0 12.0 12.5 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 65277 65289 14.0 12.0 13.0 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-11
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Total Phosphorus mg/L 65261 65281 0.210 0.170 0.190 Total Phosphorus mg/L 65277 65289 7.00 8.00 7.50 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 65261 65281 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.0Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 65265 65283 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.0Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 65261 65281 36.8 29.4 33.1 Aluminum, Total ug/L 65269 65285 28.4 63.9 46.2 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 33.1 36.2 34.7 Aluminum, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 34.3 40.0 37.2 Antimony, Total ug/L P114 65261 65281 ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.9Antimony, Total ug/L P114 65269 65285 ND(5.97) ND(5.97) ND(5.9Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 65261 65281 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.3Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 65269 65285 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.3Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 65261 65281 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.3Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 65269 65285 ND(2.32) ND(2.32) ND(2.3Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 16.2 15.8 16.0 Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 25.7 25.8 25.8 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 15.4 15.7 15.6 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 26.3 25.2 25.8 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-12
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Beryllium, Total ug/L P117 65261 65281 ND(0.054) ND(0.054) ND(0.05Beryllium, Total ug/L P117 65269 65285 ND(0.054) ND(0.054) ND(0.05Boron, Total (s) ug/L 65261 65281 ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.3Boron, Total (s) ug/L 65269 65285 ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.3Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65261 65281 ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.3Boron, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65269 65285 ND(3.37) ND(3.37) ND(3.3Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 65261 65281 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) ND(0.44Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 65269 65285 ND(0.446) ND(0.446) ND(0.44Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 7,290 7,190 7,240 Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 12,900 13,000 13,000 Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 7,100 7,070 7,090 Calcium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 13,200 12,700 13,000 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 65261 65281 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.6Chromium, Total ug/L P119 65269 65285 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.6Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 65261 65281 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.6Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 65269 65285 ND(1.68) ND(1.68) ND(1.6Cobalt, Total ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.91Cobalt, Total ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.91Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65261 65281 1.00 ND(0.914) < 0.957 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-13
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.914) ND(0.914) ND(0.91Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 65261 65281 10.1 11.0 10.6 Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 65269 65285 9.00 8.40 8.70 Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 65261 65281 8.70 8.70 8.70 Copper, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P120 65269 65285 7.20 7.20 7.20 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 376 375 376 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 364 369 367 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65261 65281 354 358 356 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65269 65285 363 351 357 Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 65261 65281 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.0Lead, Total (e) ug/L P122 65269 65285 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.0Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 65261 65281 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.0Lead, Dissolved (e) ug/L P122 65269 65285 ND(3.08) ND(3.08) ND(3.0Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 65261 65281 1,500 1,470 1,490 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 65269 65285 1,990 2,010 2,000 Magnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 1,460 1,460 1,460 Magnesium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 2,050 1,980 2,020 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 12.3 12.1 12.2 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 18.0 18.2 18.1 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-14
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 14.2 12.5 13.4 Manganese, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 19.1 19.5 19.3 Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 65261 65281 ND(0.017) ND(0.017) ND(0.01Mercury, Total (s) ug/L P123 65269 65285 ND(0.017) 0.310 < 0.164 Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 65261 65281 0.250 0.290 0.270 Mercury, Dissolved (s) ug/L P123 65269 65285 0.270 0.390 0.330 Molybdenum, Total ug/L 65261 65281 ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.5Molybdenum, Total ug/L 65269 65285 ND(1.50) ND(1.50) ND(1.5Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 65261 65281 23.9 23.7 23.8 Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 65269 65285 14.2 15.0 14.6 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 65261 65281 23.6 23.3 23.5 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 65269 65285 14.8 15.0 14.9 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 65261 65281 ND(0.572) 0.600 < 0.586 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 65269 65285 0.720 0.640 0.680 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 65261 65281 ND(0.572) 0.640 < 0.606 Selenium, Dissolved ug/L P125 65269 65285 0.810 0.800 0.805 Silver, Total ug/L P126 65261 65281 ND(1.28) ND(1.28) ND(1.2Silver, Total ug/L P126 65269 65285 ND(1.28) ND(1.28) ND(1.2Sodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 94,800 92,300 93,600 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-15
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Sodium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 88,700 89,400 89,100 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65261 65281 91,400 90,900 91,200 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65269 65285 90,600 87,300 89,000 Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 65261 65281 ND(0.009) ND(0.009) ND(0.00Thallium, Total (s) ug/L P127 65269 65285 ND(0.009) ND(0.009) ND(0.00Thallium, Dissolved ug/L P127 65261 65281 ND(0.009) ND(0.009) ND(0.00Thallium, Dissolved ug/L P127 65269 65285 ND(0.009) ND(0.009) ND(0.00Tin, Total ug/L 65261 65281 ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.4Tin, Total ug/L 65269 65285 ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.4Tin, Dissolved ug/L 65261 65281 ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.4Tin, Dissolved ug/L 65269 65285 ND(3.45) ND(3.45) ND(3.4Titanium, Total (e) ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.253) ND(0.253) ND(0.25Titanium, Total (e) ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.253) ND(0.253) ND(0.25Titanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.253) 0.380 < 0.317 Titanium, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65269 65285 0.340 ND(0.253) < 0.297 Vanadium, Total ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.67Vanadium, Total ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.67Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.67Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.679) ND(0.679) ND(0.67

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-3 (Continued) 

5-16
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Sample Numbers 

(a) 

Original 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-9) (b) 

Duplicate 

Effluent from 

Treatment 

(SP-10) (b) Averag

Yttrium, Total ug/L 65261 65281 ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.22Yttrium, Total ug/L 65269 65285 ND(0.222) ND(0.222) ND(0.22Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 65261 65281 553 545 549 Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 65269 65285 320 346 333 Zinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 65261 65281 536 532 534 Zinc, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P128 65269 65285 329 316 323 Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 65265 65283 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ug/L P066 65277 65289 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.Phenanthrene ug/L P081 65265 65283 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.Phenanthrene ug/L P081 65277 65289 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.Phenol ug/L P065 65265 65283 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.Phenol ug/L P065 65277 65289 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(10.

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
5-17
 

Table 5-4

Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators, HEM/SGT-HEM,

Volatile Organics, and Dioxins and Furans in Incinerator Ash, Holland America Veenda

Field duplicate analytical results for pathogen indicators, HEM/SGT-HEM, volatile organics, and dioxins and furans in incinerator ash. for these analytes were collected sequentially from the same source, stored and analyzed independently. See Figure 2-2 for the samplinlisted are the average result and relative percent difference calculated for each duplicate pair. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Waste 

Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Influent to Pathogen Indicators Treatment (SP-6/7) (b) E. coli MPN/100 mL 65224 65310 > 2,420,000 75,900 > 1

Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65224 65310 > 2,420,000 201,000 > 1Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65224 65310 14,500,000 3,600,000 9,Classical Pollutants Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 65227 65228 127 131 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 65231 65232 154 174 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 65227 65228 48.0 21.0 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 65231 65232 12.0 17.0 

Influent to Pathogen Indicators UV Disinfection (SP-8) (b) 

E. coli MPN/100 mL 65259 65304 75.4 77.1 Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65259 65304 60.8 35.4 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65259 65304 18.2 8.18 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-18
 

Waste 

Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9/10) (b) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL 65264 65302 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65267 65303 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65276 65311 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65279 65305 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65261 65281 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65265 65283 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65273 65287 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65274 65288 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NE. coli MPN/100 mL 65277 65289 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65264 65302 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65267 65303 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65276 65311 1.00 1.00 Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65279 65305 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65261 65281 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65265 65283 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65273 65287 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NEnterococci MPN/100 mL 65274 65288 5.10 ND(1.00) 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-19
 

Waste 

Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Treatment (SP-9/10) (b) 

Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65277 65289 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65264 65302 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65267 65303 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65276 65311 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65279 65305 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65261 65281 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65265 65283 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65273 65287 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65274 65288 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NFecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65277 65289 ND(1.00) ND(1.00) NClassical Pollutants Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 65269 65270 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NHexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 65273 65274 ND(5.00) ND(6.00) NHexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 65277 65278 ND(6.00) ND(6.00) NSilica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 65269 65270 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NSilica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 65273 65274 ND(5.00) ND(6.00) NSilica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 65277 65278 ND(6.00) ND(6.00) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-20
 

Waste 

Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Volatile Organics Treatment (SP-9/10) (b) Tetrachloroethene ug/L P085 65265 65283 21.7 53.0 

Tetrachloroethene ug/L P085 65269 65285 39.4 56.0 Trichloroethene ug/L P087 65265 65283 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) NTrichloroethene ug/L P087 65269 65285 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) N

Incinerator Dioxins and Furans Ash (SP-13/14) (b) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD pg/g 65293 65294 43.9 340 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF pg/g 65293 65294 193 3,580 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF pg/g 65293 65294 15.5 219 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD pg/g 65293 65294 ND(10.0) 13.6 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF pg/g 65293 65294 43.7 332 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD pg/g 65293 65294 6.12 28.8 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF pg/g 65293 65294 43.3 331 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD pg/g 65293 65294 9.34 49.0 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF pg/g 65293 65294 ND(10.0) 12.4 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD pg/g 65293 65294 ND(10.0) 6.40 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF pg/g 65293 65294 29.0 55.7 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF pg/g 65293 65294 65.8 787 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-2 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.7 and Table 4-8 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit, or because one or both sample results is flaggbecause the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
5-21
 

Table 5-4 (Continued) 

Waste 

Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Incinerator Ash (SP-13/14) (b) 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF pg/g 65293 65294 53.4 206 2,3,7,8-TCDD pg/g 65293 65294 1.63 1.37 2,3,7,8-TCDF pg/g 65293 65294 37.6 32.8 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin pg/g 65293 65294 73.4 780 Octachlorodibenzofuran pg/g 65293 65294 63.8 1,420 

(a) - Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2.(b) - Sampling point location; see Figures 2-1 and 2-2.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than and/or greater than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently.
6.0 REFERENCES 

1.	 Metcalf & Eddy, 1991. Wastewater Engineering, Third Edition. 

2.	 ATSDR, 2002. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQsTM

for Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Available Online: www.atsdr.cdc.gov. 

3.	 ATSDR, 1998. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health 

Statement for Phenol. Available Online: www.atsdr.cdc.gov. 

4.	 U.S. EPA, 2001. Sources, Emission, and Exposure for Trichloroethylene and 

Related Chemicals. EPA/600/R-00/099. Available Online: 

http://www.epa.gov/nceawww1/pdfs/tce/TCEMarch2001.pdf. 

5.	 ERG, 2005. Eastern Research Group, Inc. Calculation of Daily Flows for 

Veendam. Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record (DCN 00581). 

6.	 ERG, 2005. Eastern Research Group, Inc. Comparison of Influent to Treatment 

Flow Meter Data (Strap-on and In-line). Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record (DCN 

00539). 

6-1