Filed 8/16/21 Perera v. Title Experts CA2/7

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION SEVEN

ROSEMARY PERERA et al.

,

Plaintiff s and Respo ndent s ,

v.

TITLE EXPERTS

,
Defendant and Appellant

. B 3 04116

(Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No

. 19STCV26666 )

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Teresa A. Beaudet , Judge. Affirmed

. Berman Berman Berman Schneider & Lowary, Stephanie
Berman Schneider and Howard Smith for Defendant and Appellant. Boren, Osher & Luftman, Jeremy J. Osher and Aaron M.
Gladstein for Plaintiffs and Respondent s

.

_______________________2 Title Experts appeals from an order denying its special motion to strike (Code Civ. Proc., § 425.16; anti

- SLAPP statute ) 1 the complaint filed by Rosemary Perera (Rosemary) , Ramesh Perera, Gihan Per e ra , and GRR Capital, LLC (collectively, the Perera plaintiffs). Title Experts contends the trial court erred in denying its motion because the Perera plaintiffs’ cause of action
for re s cission of the parties’ prior settlement agreement arose out of protected statements made during the mediation or relate d to the settlement agreement

. Because the rescission claim is based on Title Experts’ breach of the settlement agreement, not Title Experts’ statements, w e affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A. Prior L awsuit and Compromise Agreement On August 9, 2016 the Perera plaintiffs filed an action ( Perera v. Conaway ( Super. Ct. L.A. County, 2016,
No. BC627323) ) against James Conaway and Lorra i ne Conaway, St. Louis Redevelopment Company and its owner Giro Katsimbrakis (collectively, SLRC), Title Experts, and others asserting claims arising from the defendants’ allegedly
fraudulent real estate investment scheme. The Perera plaintiffs alleged t he Conaways , as Rosemary’s financial advisors,
recommended Rosemary invest with SLRC in distressed properties located in St. Louis, Missouri that would be
rehabilitated to create a cash flow for the investors

. Based on the

1 “SLAPP is an acronym for ‘strategic lawsuit against public participation.’” ( City of Montebello v. Vasquez (2016) 1 Cal.5th 409, 413, fn. 2.) All further undesignated statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.3

representations made by the Conawa ys and SLRC, the Perera plaintiffs invested more than $600,000 to purchase the distressed properties. Title Experts was selected as the escrow company to open and administer the escrow, during the pendency of which the properties were to be rehabilitated and deeded to the Perera plaintiffs. Once the transaction closed, SLRC was to arrange for a property management company to place tenants in the properties. However, SLRC and the other defendants instructed Title Experts to close the escrow prematurely, a nd the properties

were never rehabilitated or rent ed out

. On February 21, 2018 the parties participated in a
mediation with R etired Judge Richard A. Stone . As a result of the mediation, the parties executed a compromise agreement and
mutual release (com promise agreement) in which SLR C agreed to purchase back 10 of the properties for $800,000 in exchange for the Perera plaintiffs dismissing the action and releasing the
defendants from all known and unknown claims. The Perera plaintiffs agreed to deposit into the escrow all documents reasonably required to transfer title of the properties to SLRC
and to provide access to the properties to appraisers as necessary. The compromise agreement also provi ded that Title Experts
would open and administer the escrow, which would close within
120 days

. On March 1, 2018 the Perera plaintiffs filed a notice of
settlement. However, t he Perera plaintiffs subsequently filed a declaration stating the defendants ha d defaulted on their obligations under the compromise agreement. The parties later4

reached a stipulation to stay the action

, which the court entered on February 19, 2020. 2

B. This Action On July 30, 2019 the Perera plaintiffs filed th is action against Tit le Experts , the Conaways, SLRC, and other s alleging
two causes of action for rescission of the compromise agreement
based on fraud and deceit (first cause of action) and failure of
consideration (second cause of action)

. 3 T he complaint alleged
defendants failed to perform their obligations under the compromise agreement and misrepresented why they could not comply with its terms. The complaint alleged as to Title Experts
that the compromise agreement required the company to open escrow, but i t failed to do so, forcing the Perera plaintiffs to “open[] escrow themselves.” Further, Title Experts and the other defendants “falsely represented that under Missouri law, escrow could not be opened with the [compromise] [a]greement and could

2 On October 18, 2018 the trial court dismissed the complaint, but it inadvertently did not dismiss the operative first amended complaint. T he court gave the Perera plaintiffs until August 12, 2019 to show cause why the case should not be dismissed. It appears t he parties negotiated the stay to avoid dismissal of the action

. On our own mot ion we augment the record to include the June 26, 2019 Order re: Plaintiffs’ Motion to Set Aside Dismissal and February 19, 2020 M inute O rder. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.155(a)(1)(A).)

3 The Perera plaintiffs assert they attempted to have Judge Stone reinstate Perera I based on the failure of defendants to comply with the compromise agreement, but Judge Stone issued a tentative order stating h e did not have the power to reinstate the litigation. As a result, the Per era plaintiffs filed this action.5

not perform unless and until separate sales contracts were executed for each of the Properties utilizing a special contract
form . . . per Missouri Law.” In addition, defendants delayed performance under the compromise agreement by making “countless false promises” to make it seem like they “intended to imminently comply with their obligations under the C ompromise
A greement.” Fur ther, a lmost a year after escrow was supposed
to close , counsel for SLRC sent an email to the Perera plaintiffs stating SLRC “ ‘ cannot take title to the properties which are the subject of the case .’ ” SLRC suggested a “‘ surrogate ’” entity (owned by Katsimb rakis) take title and pay the money owed to
the Perera plaintiffs in “tranches.” 4 In support of the first cause of action for rescission of the compromise agreement for fraud, the Perera plaintiffs alleged

,

“ [Defendants] made the representations to [plai ntiffs] that
induced [plaintiffs] to enter into the Compromise Agreemen t .” In addition, defendants made misrepresentations about their performance following the execution of the agreement. In support of the second cause of action for rescission based on failure of consideration, the Perera plaintiffs incorporated the previous allegations of the complaint and further alleged that
defendants “ have failed to comply with any of their obligations under the Compromise Agreement

, ” thereby creating “a material
fa ilure in the consideration exchanged under this Compromise Agreement

. ”

4 Merriam

- Webster dictionary defines a “tranche” as “ a division or portion of a pool or whole

. ” ( Merriam

- Webster’s Online Dict. (2021) < https://www.merriam

- webster.com/ dictionary/tranche [as of August 1 2
, 2021] .)6

C. Title Experts’ Special Motion To Strike On October 11, 2019 Title Experts filed its special motion to
strike the entire complaint pursuant to section 425.16 or in the
alternative to strike the first and second cause s of action

. Title Experts argued both causes of action were based on conduct constituting petitioning activity, including statements made during the mediation and “representations regarding the settlement or in breach of the Compromise Agreement. ” Title Experts also argued the Perera plaintiffs would be unable to establish probability of success on the merits because statem ents made at the mediation or about the settlement were protected by the litigation privilege, and the Perera plaintiffs failed to comply with their obligations under the compromise agreement. In support of its motion Title Experts submitted declarations from
its owner and attorney. In response to the motion, the Perera plaintiffs dismissed their first cause of action without prejudice. The y opposed the
motion as to their second cause of action

, arguing the claim did not arise out of protected speech or petitioning activity because
the “principal thrust of Plaintiffs’ rescission claim for failure of consideration is Defendants’ post

- settlement inaction and/or failure to perform the obligations imposed on them by the Compromise Agreement.” In support of t heir opposition, the Perera plaintiffs submitted declarations from Ramesh Perera and
two of the Perera plaintiffs’ attorneys. In its reply brief, Title Experts argued the Perera plaintiffs’
second cause of action should be dismissed because it was based on the same allegations incorporated into the dismissed first
cause of action. Further, the Perera plaintiffs could not effectively amend their complaint by dismissing their first cause7

of a ction once defendants had made a prima facie showing under
section 425.16

. After a hearing, on December 11, 2019 the trial court denied Title Experts’ motion. In its written ruling

, the court
found the motion to strike the first cause of action was moot because the Perera plaintiffs properly dismissed the cause of action prior to the hearing on the motion. As to the second cause of action, the court concluded the cause of action did not arise from Title Experts’ exercise of its right of petition or free speech. The statements made during settlement negotiations were “merely incidental to the actual claim for failure to perform under the Compromise Agreement.” Further, the Perera plaintiffs were not seeking to hold Title Experts accountable for statemen ts made during or after the compromise agreement was executed. Instead, “the claim [was] simply one for breach of contract based on Title Experts’ failure to perform under the Compromise Agreement.” Title Experts timely appealed.

DISCUSSION

A. Special Motion s T o Strike A cause of action arising from an act in furtherance of a defendant’s constitutional right of petition or free speech in connection with a public issue is subject to a special motion to strike unless the plaintiff demonstrates a probability of prevailing on the claim. (§ 425.16, subd. (b)(1); see Park v. Board of Trustees of California State University (2017) 2 Cal.5th 1057, 1067 ( Park ) ; Baral v. Schnitt (2016) 1 Cal.5th 376, 381 ( Baral ) .) An “‘act in furtherance of a person’s r ight of petition or free8

speech under the United States or California Constitution in connection with a public issue’” includes, in relevant part, “any written or oral statement or writing made before a legislative, executive, or judicial proceeding, or an y other official proceeding authorized by law” (§ 425.16, subd. (e)(1)) and “ any written or oral statement or writing made in connection with an issue under consideration or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or any other official procee ding authorized by law ( id

., subd. (e)(2)). The analysis of a special motion to strike involves a two

step process. ( Baral, supra , 1 Cal.5th at p. 381 ; Park, supra

, 2 Cal.5th at p. 1061 .) “ First, the defendant must establish that the challenged claim arises from activity protected by section

425.16. [Citation.] If the defendant makes the required showing, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to demonstrate the merit of the claim by establish ing a probability of success. ” ( Baral

, at p p . 384

- 385.) “A claim arises from protected activity when that activity
underlies or forms the basis for the claim.” ( Park, supra

, 2 Cal.5th at p. 1062; accord , City of Cotati v. Cashman (2002)
29 Cal.4th 69, 78.) “‘[T]he focus is on determining what ‘the
defendant ’ s activity [is] that gives rise to his or her asserted liability

— and whether that activity constitutes protected speech or petitioning.’ [Citation.]

. . . [I] n ruling on an anti

- SLAPP motion, cou rts should consider the elements of the challenged claim and what actions by the defendant supply those elements and consequently form the basis for liability.” ( Park , at p. 1063 .)

“ A claim may be struck only if the speech or petitioning activity itself is the wrong complained of, and not just evidence of liability or a step leading to some different act for which liability9

is asserted.” ( Id . at p. 1060; accord, Wilson v. Cable News Network, Inc. (2019) 7 Cal.5th 871, 884

- 885 .)
We review de novo the grant or denial of a special motion to
strike

, “evaluating the context and content of the asserted activity.” ( Wilson v. Cable News Network, Inc. , supra , 7 Cal.5th

at p p. 884

- 885 ; accord, Park , supra , 2 Cal.5th at p. 1067

. ) “We exercise independent judgm ent in determining whether, based on our own review of the record, the challenged claims arise from protected activity. [Citations.] In addition to the pleadings, we may consider affidavits concerning the facts upon which liability
is based. [Citations. ] We do not, however, weigh the evidence, but accept the plaintiff ’ s submissions as true and consider only whether any contrary evidence from the defendant establishes its entitlement to prevail as a matter of law.” ( Park , at p. 1067

. )

B. Title Experts Fai led To Establish T hat the Second Cause of Action Arose From Protected Activity Title Experts contends the Perera plaintiffs’ second cause of
action for re s cission is based on alleged misrepresentations made by Title Experts about the compromise agreement and breach of
the agreement , which constitute protected activities in furtherance of Title Expert s ’ right to petition

. 5 The Per era plaintiffs acknowledge their complaint contain s allegations that Title Experts made misrepresentations about the settlement , but they contend the second cause of action arises from Title Experts’ failure to perform under the compromise agreement, which is not

5 T itle Experts does not challenge on appeal the Perera plaintiffs ’ dismissal of their first cause of action.10

protected petitioning activity

. T he Perera plaintiffs have the better argument

. The second cause of action for rescission is based on Title Expert’s breach of con tract (the compromise agreement) . (See Wong v. Stoler (2015) 237 Cal.App.4th 1375, 1384 [“A party to a contract has two different remedies when it has been injured by a breach of contract or fraud and lacks the ability or desire to keep the contract alive. [Citation.] The party may disaffirm the contract, treating it as rescinded, and recov er damages resulting from the rescission. [Citation.] Alternatively, the party may affirm the contract, treating it as repudiated, and recover damages for breach of contract or fraud.”]; Taliaferro v. Davis (1963) 216 Cal.App.2d 398, 410

- 4 11 [when a fail ure of consideration is alleged, the plaintiff must plead that the defendant breached the contract for failing to perform a material promise, the performance of which has been exchanged for performance by the other party]

. ) The elements of a breach of

con tract claim are ( 1 ) the existence of the contract; ( 2 ) the plaintiff ’ s performance of the contract or excuse for non

performance; ( 3 ) the defendant ’ s breach of the contract; and ( 4 ) the resulting damage to the plaintiff. ( Coles v. Glaser (2016)

2 Cal.App. 5th 384, 391 ; Kumaraperu v. Feldsted (2015)
237 Cal.App.4th 60, 70 .) The complaint allege s as to t h e second cause of action, “ T he
consideration for which [plaintiffs] bargained [in entering the compromise agreement ] was : (1) the purchase by SLRC of the Properties; (2) payment of $800,000; and (3) release from any liability.” In exchange, the Perera plaintiffs agreed to release all known and unknown claims and dismiss the pending action. The Perera plaintiffs performed th eir end of the bargain

, but11

defendants “have failed to comply with any of their obligations
under the C ompromise A greement .”
T h e se allegations make clear the alleged breach of contract

was Title Experts ’ failure to perform its obligations under the

comp romise agreement , not any statements Title Experts may have made regarding its performance

. ( See ValueRock TN Properties, LLC v. PK II Larwin Square SC LP (2019)
36 Cal.App.5th 1037, 1049

- 1050 [ affirming denial of anti

- SLAPP
motion where complaint referen ced settlement discussion s but
the tenant ’ s claim arose out of the landlord ’ s decision not to consent to the assignment rather than landlord’s settlement communications or litigation

- related conduct ]; Department of Fair Employment & Housing v. 1105 Alta Loma Road Apartments, LLC (2007) 154 Cal.App.4th 1273, 1284

- 1285 [ affirming denial of anti

- SLAPP motion because the act giving rise to liability was the “fail[ure] to accommodate [the tenant’s] disability

, ” and “[t]he letters, e

- mail and filing of unl awful detainer actions constituted [ ] evidence of [the landlord’s] alleged disability discrimination”] ; Gallimore v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Ins. Co. (2002) 102 Cal.App.4th 1388, 1399 [ reversing order granting anti

- SLAPP motion because the plaintiff di d not
seek relief from the defendant ’ s “ communicative acts, but rather for its alleged mistreatment of policyholders and its related violations and evasions of statutory and regulatory mandates

, ” distinguishing between a party ’ s “allegedly wrongful acts wi th
the evidence that plaintiff will need to prove such misconduct ”]. ) The Perera plaintiffs do not allege any c ommunications by Title Expert s during or after the settlement negotiations constituted a breach of the compromise agreement

. Rather, Title Exper ts’ statements as to w hy its performance was not feasible12

and its false promises that it intended to comply were “activities
that

. . . [led] to the liability

- creating activity or provide evidentiary support for the claim

, ” and as such, are not subject to
the anti

- SLAPP statute. ( Park, supra , 2 Cal.5th at p. 1064.) Alternatively, Title Experts’ alleged statements were “merely
incidental” to t he Perera plaintiffs’ second cause of action, likewise falling outside the ambit of the anti

- SLAPP statute. ( Baral, supra , 1 Cal.5th at p. 394 [“Assertions that are ‘merely incidental’ or ‘collateral’ are not subject to section 425.16. [Citations.] Alle gations of protected activity that merely provide context, without supporting a claim for recovery, cannot be
stricken under the anti

- SLAPP statute

. ”]; see Aguilar v.
Goldstein (2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 1152, 1160 [“‘If the mention of protected activity “ is o nly incidental to a cause of action based essentially on nonprotected activity, ” then the anti

- SLAPP statute does not apply. ’ ”].) Title Experts’ position that the anti

- SLAPP statute applies

to any breach of a settlement agreement is contrary to the law

. ( See Old Republic Construction Program Group v. The Boccardo Law Firm, Inc. (2014) 230 Cal.App.4th 859, 869 ( Old Republic ) [although entry of stipulation for settlement was protected
conduct under the anti

- SLAPP statute, claims relating to breach of the stipulation did not arise from protected activity because the alleged wrongful conduct was not the stipulation, but the impro per withdrawal of settlement funds]; Applied Business Software, Inc. v. Pacific Mortgage Exchange, Inc. (2008)

164 Cal.App.4th 1108, 1118 [ defendant’s alleged conduct that breached settlement agreement by continuing to use software and failing to return so ftware copies was not conduct in furtherance of its right of petition or free speech]; cf. N a vellier v.13

Sletten (2002) 29 Cal.4th 82, 90 [ plaintiffs’ claims alleging repudiation of release in settlement agreement by filing
counterclaims in federal action a rose from protected petitioning activity ].)
As the Court of Appeal in Old Republic , supra , 230 Cal.App.4th at page 870 explained , “ I f the protected status of an underlying agreement furnished sufficient ground to invoke
the anti

- SLAPP statute against a c laim for breach of that agreement, it would follow that every suit to enforce a settlement agreement would be subject at the threshold to a SLAPP motion. Such a regime would significantly diminish the utility of such agreements, reduce the incentive for p arties to enter into them, and thereby magnify the workload on courts, with attendant delay and expense for those who must resort to them. It follows that merely citing a settlement agreement as the basis for a duty allegedly breached by the defendant is not enough, by itself, to bring a cause of action for the breach within the statute.” Title Experts ’ reliance on Mundy v. Lenc (2012)
203 Cal.App.4th 1401 and GeneThera, Inc. v. Troy & Gould Professional Corp . (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 901 is misplaced. In Mundy, the Court of Appeal concluded the plaintiff’s claim for
breach of contract arose from protected activity because the alleged conduct that violated the parties’ settlement agreement was the filing of a c omplaint, which “fit s the definition of an act in furtherance of a person’s right of petition.” ( Mund y , at

p. 1408. ) Similarly

, in GeneThera the Court of Appeal concluded the plaintiff’s claims for interference with contractual relations and negligence a rose from protected petitioning activity because they were based on the communication by defendants’ attorney of
a settlement offer. ( GeneThera , at pp. 905, 907

- 908.) As the14

GeneThera court reasoned, “ A n attorney ’ s communication with opposing counsel on behalf of a client regarding pending litigation directly implicates the right to petition and thus is subject to a special motion to strike. ” ( Id . at p. 908. ) Here

, the second cause of action is based on the failure of Title Experts to comply with its obligations under the compromise agreement, not the negotiation

o f the agreement or later communications by Title Experts

. 6

DISPOSITION

The order is affirmed. The Perer a plaintiffs are to recover their costs on appeal

.

FEUER, J.
W e concur :

PERLUSS , P. J.

SEGAL, J.

6 Because we affirm the trial court’s order denying the

s pecial motion to strike under the first prong of the anti

- SLAPP analysis, we do not reach whether the Perera plaintiffs showed a probability of success on the merits.