# Casing Perforating Overview Brad Hansen Devon Energy CorporationNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 2 

# Perforating Objective
• The primary objective of a perforating gun is to provide effective flow communication between a cased wellbore and a productive reservoir. • To achieve this, the perforating gun “punches” a pattern of perforations through the casing and cement sheath and into the productive formation.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 3 

# First Bullet Perforating - 1932 Lane Wells Company, Unit #1 First Perforating JobNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 4 

# Shaped Charge ComponentsNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 5 

# Typical Shaped Charge HMX Explosive Steel Case Blended Powdered

Metal LinerNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 6 

# Perforating Gun Components • The Perforating Gun has four components

– A conveyance for the shaped charge

– The individual shaped charge

– Detonating cord

– DetonatorNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 7 

# Explosives Used for Shaped Charges and Detonator Cord • RDX (Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine) Good to 330 degrees F • HMX (Cyclotetramethylene Trinitramine) Good to 400 degrees F • HNS (Hexanitrosilbene) Good to 520 degrees F • Each shaped charge will contain between 3 to 60 grams of explosivesNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 8 

# Shaped Charge Perforating • When detonated, the perf guns go off instantaneously. • The leading tip of the jet has a velocity of 25,000 to 30,000 ft/sec. • The impact pressure is approximately 10 to 15 million psi. • This pressure overcomes casing and formation strength and forces material radially away from the jet axis.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 9 

# Perforating Guns
• Most perforating guns punch holes from 0.23” to 0.72” in diameter. • Typical perf guns have penetrations of 6” up to 48” in length. • Most perforating guns shoot from 4 to 12 shots per foot. • Perf guns come in different pressure and temperature ratings.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 10 

# Perforation GeometryNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 11 

# API RP19B Section 1 Test Casing Gun 28 Day Concrete Target Briquette Test Specimen WaterNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 12 

# Example of Perf Charges from a 3-3/8” Gun From an API RP19B Section 1 Test 25.5” 27.7” 38.5”Example of one Company’s Perforating Gun Performance ChartNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 14 

# Hollow Carrier Gun • Charges are carried in a heavy wall tube. • Charges are sealed from wellbore fluid and 

### pressure. • Most of the debris from the charge remains in the carrier. • Detonation only slightly swells the gun but not enough to affect recovery from the well.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 15 

# Expendable Shaped Charge Gun
•Charges can be larger than the charges for the same diameter hollow carrier gun. •Charges are individually sealed from the wellbore environment. •The Detonator cord and detonator are exposed to wellbore fluids. •Much of the debris is left in the well, falling into the rat hole on vertical wells.

### Typical Wireline-conveyed perforating setup Typical Wireline conveyed perforating hookup

### Wireline Pressure Control Equipment Configuration. 

### The Pressure Control Equipment is commonly known as a Lubricator.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 18 

# Control Head
• Control Heads are the uppermost point of the lubricator string, where the wireline enters the lubricator system. Well pressure is controlled with packing, pack-off rubbers, grease injection or a combination of all.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 19 

# Wireline Passing Through GreaseSeal Flow TubeNYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 20 

# Lubricator or Riser Section The lubricator or riser section is used to allow the full wireline tool string to be raised above the wellhead before and after the operations. The length of lubricator required is proportionate to the length of the wireline tool string.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 21 

# Depth Correlation
• A cased hole gamma ray / casing collar locator log are run for correlation purposes to assist in perforating depth control. • Short joints of casing are sometimes run to assist in the correlation. • The distance from the top shot of the gun to the casing collar locator is measured before running the perforating system in the well to ensure the perforations are placed where they were intended.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 22 

# Gamma Ray Logs
• A gamma ray log is a measure of the natural radioactivity of the formations. • The gamma ray log can be recorded in open holes and cased wells making it an ideal log for correlating. • Nearly all gamma radiation encountered in the earth is emitted by the radioactive potassium isotope atomic weight 40 and by the radioactive elements of the uranium and thorium series.NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 23 

# Port and Ball Drop System with Open Hole Packers for Isolation Working interest: 60% 1st production: July 2007 To reach 50 MBOED gross in 2008NYSE: DVN www.devonenergy.com page 24 

# Ball Drop Sliding Sleeve

# Thank You.