## Special Publication SJ2004-SP35



# Visitor Profiles, Economic Impacts a nd Recreational Aesthetic Values

Associated with Eight Priority Florida Springs Located in the

St. Johns River Water Management District

Submitted by:



## Mark A. Bonn, Ph.D., CEO Bonn Marketing Research Group, Inc.

P.O. Box 1356
Tallahassee, Florida 32302

850-567-1826

for



## St. Johns River Water Management District Division of Water Supply Management Department of Resource Management

4049 Reid Street
Palatka, FL 32177 Attn: G.B. (Sonny) Hall, Ph.D.

386-329-4368

July 2004

### i 

## Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. i

EXECUTIVE SU MMARY ............................................................................................ ES-i

CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PRIORITY SPR INGS ECONOMIC ANALYSES FOR

MINIMUM FLOWS AND LEVELS DEVELOPMENT

**1.1. Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................... 1**

**1.2. An Overview of Prio rity Spring A**  **ttendance..................................................... 2**

**1.3. An Overview of the Seas onality of Spring**  **Attendance................................... 4**

CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................... 8

**MARION COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECON OMIC ANALYSIS OF**  **SILVER GLEN**

**SPRINGS AND SIL VER SPRIN**  **GS**

**2.1. An Economic Profile of Marion County,**  **Florida.............................................. 8**

**2.2. Silver Glen Springs .......................................................................................... 12**

2.2.1. Description of S ilver Glen Springs........................................................... 12

2.2.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 13 2.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside Marion County - Spending, Wages and Employment Generat ed Quarterly and Annually .................. 14

2.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 21

2.2.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 22

**2.3. Silver Springs................................................................................................... 22**

2.3.1. Description of Silver Springs ................................................................... 22

2.3.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 23 2.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County – Spending, Wages and Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually ............................ 24

2.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 25

2.3.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 26

CHAPTER 3.................................................................................................................. 27

LAKE COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALEXANDER SPRINGS,

APOPKA SPRING AND BUGG SPRING

**3.1. An Economic Profile of Lake County, Florida ............................................... 27** 

**3.2. Alexander Springs ........................................................................................... 31**

3.2.1. Description of Springs ............................................................................. 31

3.2.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance: .......................................................... 31

### ii 3.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County – Spending, Wages and Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually ............................ 32

3.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 34

3.2.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 35

**3.3. Apopka Spring.................................................................................................. 35**

3.3.1. Description of the Spring ......................................................................... 35

3.3.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 36 3.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside Lake County - Spending, Wages and Employment Generat ed by Quarter and Annually ................ 36

3.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use of Value ................................................ 37

3.3.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 38

**3.4. Bugg Spring...................................................................................................... 38**

3.4.1. Description of Spring ............................................................................... 38

3.4.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 39 3.4.3. The Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County- Spending; Wages and Employment Generat ed by Quarter and Annually ................ 39 3.4.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value of Springs ................................... 40

3.4.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 40

CHAPTER 4.................................................................................................................. 41

VOLUSIA COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECONOM IC ANALYSIS OF PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS, GEMINI SPRINGS , AND GREEN SPRINGS

**4.1. Economic Profile of Vo lusia County, Florida................................................. 41** 

**4.2. Ponce de Leon Springs ................................................................................... 45**

4.2.1. Description of the Springs ....................................................................... 45

4.2.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 45 4.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County – Spending, Wages, and Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually ............................ 46

4.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 47

4.2.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 48

**4.3. Gemini Springs: ............................................................................................... 48**

4.3.1. Description of Springs ............................................................................. 48

4.3.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 48 4.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County – Spending; Wages and Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually: ........................... 49

4.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 50

4.3.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 50

**4.4. Green Springs .................................................................................................. 51**

4.4.1. Description of the Spring ......................................................................... 51

4.4.2. Annual and S easonal Attendance ........................................................... 51

### iii 4.4.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County – Spending, Wages, and Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually ............................ 51

4.4.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value .................................................... 52

4.4.5. Visitor Profile ........................................................................................... 53

**CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................. 54** 

SUMMARY

REFERENCES............................................................................................ 59

**APPENDICES............................................................................................................... 60**

Appendix A: Quarterly Visitor Economic Impact for Eight Priority Springs .................... 61

Appendix B: Quarterly Visitor Profile................................................................ 123

Appendix C: Silver Glen Springs Visitor Profile ........................................................... 129

Appendix D: Silver Springs Visitor Profile ................................................................... 130

Appendix E: Alexander Springs Visitor Profile ............................................................ 131

Appendix F: Apopka Spring Visitor Profile .................................................................. 132

Appendix G: Ponce de Leon Springs Visitor Profile .................................................... 133

Appendix H: Gemini Springs Visitor Profile ................................................................. 134

Appendix I: Florida Springs Visitor Survey .................................................................. 135

### iv **List of Tables**

Executive Summary Table ES-1 A Summary of the Seasonality of Attendance by Quarter for Eight Priority

Springs in Marion, Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida .................................. ES-2

Table ES-2 Economic Impact Summary for Eight Priority Springs ........................... ES-7

Chapters 1-5

Table 1.1

............................................................................................................................... .......... 3 Estimated Total Annual Attendance and Visitors fr om Outside the County for Eight Priority Springs in Marion; Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida

Table 1.2

............................................................................................................................... .......... 6 A Summary of the Seasonality of Attendan ce by Quarter in Eight Priority Springs in
Marion; Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida

Table 2.1

............................................................................................................................... .......... 9 Growth of Selected Economic Indicators for Marion County, Florida Containing Two Priority Springs, 1990-2001

Table 2.2

............................................................................................................................... ........ 11 Socioeconomic Profile of Marion County, Fl orida Containing Two Priority Springs, 2001

Table 2.3

............................................................................................................................... ........ 11 Economic Characteristics of Marion County, Florida Containing Two Priority Springs,

2001

Table 2.4

............................................................................................................................... ........ 13 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Glen Springs

Table 2.5

............................................................................................................................... ........ 16 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Vi sitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Table 2.6

............................................................................................................................... ........ 20 Estimation of Quarterly Spending; Created Employment and Wages at Glen Springs for Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Table 2.7

............................................................................................................................... ........ 20 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Silver Glen Springs on Marion County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 2.8

............................................................................................................................... ........ 23 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Springs

### v Table 2.9

............................................................................................................................... ........ 25 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Silver Springs on Marion County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 3.1

............................................................................................................................... ........ 28 Growth of Selected Economic I ndicators for Lake County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 1990-2001

Table 3.2

............................................................................................................................... ........ 30 Socioeconomic Profile of Lake County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

Table 3.3

............................................................................................................................... ........ 30 Economic Characteristics of Lake County, Fl orida Containing Three Priority Springs,

2001

Table 3.4

............................................................................................................................... ........ 32 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Glen Springs

Table 3.5

............................................................................................................................... ........ 34 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Alexander Springs on Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 3.6

............................................................................................................................... ........ 35 Use Value for Alexander Springs

Table 3.7

............................................................................................................................... ........ 37 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Apopka Spring on Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 3.8

............................................................................................................................... ........ 38 Use Value for Apopka Spring

Table 3.9

............................................................................................................................... ........ 40 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Bugg Spring on Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 4.1

............................................................................................................................... ........ 42 Growth of Selected Economic Indi cators for Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 1990-2001

Table 4.2

............................................................................................................................... ........ 44 Socioeconomic Profile of Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

Table 4.3

............................................................................................................................... ........ 44

Economic Characteristics of Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs,

2001

### vi Table 4.4

............................................................................................................................... ........ 45
Annual Attendance Trend 1990-2002, Ponce de Leon Springs

Table 4.4

............................................................................................................................... ........ 46 Annual Attendance Estimation for Ponce de Leon Springs

Table 4.5

............................................................................................................................... ........ 47 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Ponce de Leon Springs on Volusia County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 4.6

............................................................................................................................... ........ 49 Annual Attendance Estimation for Gemini Springs

Table 4.7

............................................................................................................................... ........ 50 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Gemini Springs on Volusia County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 4.8

............................................................................................................................... ........ 52 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Green Springs on Volusia County, Florida, 2003-2004

Table 5.1

............................................................................................................................... ........ 56 Total Economic Impact for Eight Priority Springs

Table 5.2 Visitor Spending Component ....................................................................................... 57

Table 5.3 Overall Springs Visitor Profile ..................................................................................... 58

### i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success of any project is dependent upon the cooperation of many individuals. This particular project involved a number of team pl ayers that all worked together in order to complete this twelve-month study.

Special acknowledgements are extended to the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) personnel. In particular, G.B. (Sonny) Hall, Ph.D., Technical Program Manager, Division of Water Supply Manageme nt, is to be thanked for his vision and commitment to obtain vital information related to priority natural springs. He is also recognized for assistance with the project’s report editing tasks along with Chris Ware, Environmental
Scientist, SJRWMD. Carol Miller, Administrative Assistant, SJRWMD, is to be recognized for her help with administrative details.

Dr. Fred Bell, Professor Emer itus, Department of Economics, Florida State University, is to be recognized for his effo rts related to economic report wr iting and economic interpretation. Rhonda Wiggins, President, Marke ting Intelligence for Business, is recognized for assistance

with all on-site data co llection efforts. Mo Dai, Research Manager, Bonn Marketing Research Group, Inc. is thanked for her assistance with project data management , manuscript preparation, and many other tasks.

Finally, appreciation is exte nded to all of those county, state and federal government representatives providing invalu able information necessary for the completion of this study.

Mark A. Bonn, Ph.D.

President Bonn Marketing Research Group, Inc.

### ES-1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Purpose of the Study The purpose of this research project was to establish a present baseline of knowledge

pertaining to visitor characteristics including their economic impacts and associated recreational

values for eight priority springs in the St. J ohns River Water Management District (SJRWMD).

Priority springs by definition are those springs prioritized by SJRWMD for the establishment of

minimum flows and levels in accordance with Chapter 373, Florida Statutes . These springs by

county include:

Marion County:

1. Silver Glen Springs

2. Silver Springs

Lake County:

3. Alexander Springs

4. Apopka Spring

5. Bugg Spring

Volusia County: 6. Ponce de Leon Springs

7. Gemini Springs

8. Green Springs

This research project included on-site da ta collection, editing, collation, entry, and

various statistical and economic analyses over a twelve-month period of time for the eight

selected priority springs. A total of 2,298 usable surveys were obtained to meet the objectives of

this study. This allowed for overall statistical reporting at the 95% level of confidence with +/-

5% error.

During the twelve months of on-site data collection, it became obvious that seasonality

was a key issue related to springs usage patterns. Table ES-1 identifies the seasonality of

attendance by quarter for the priority springs.

### ES-2 Table ES-1 A Summary of the Seasonality of Attendance by Quarter in Eight Priority Springs in Marion, Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida

Springs First (Jan-Mar) Second (Apr-June) Third (July-Sept) Fourth (Oct-Dec) Annual

% Source of

Data

Marion County

1. Silver Glen Springs 7% 44% 43% 6% 100% USFS*

2. Silver Springs 25 28 27 20 100 Shifflet**

Lake County

3. Alexander Springs

Day Visitors 15 41 37 7 100 USFS*

Camper Visitors 31 31 17 21 100 USFS*

4. Apopka Spring 15 41 37 7 100 Alex****

5. Bugg Spring 15 41 37 7 100 Alex 

Volusia County

6. Ponce de Leon Springs 21 33 34 12 100 Florida** *

7. Gemini Springs 20 40 24 16 100 Volusia County*****

8. Green Springs 20 40 24 16 100 Volusia County*****

**Average 19% 38% 31% 12% 100%**

* U.S. Forest Service Data, 1998-2002; ** Shifflet and Associates for Central Region of Florida (2002); *** Florida Park Service, 1990-2002;   Alexander Springs Seas onality in Lake County is used for Apopka Spring and Bugg Spring in same county; ** *** Gemini Springs Se asonality in Volusia County is used for Green Springs in same county.



### FINDINGS

Silver Glen Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.5 (74% non-county residents)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 1.6

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $44.31

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: $4.17

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties 1 

### : 3%

3⁄4 First visit to springs? 21.5%

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $348,770.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $66,370.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 5.63 full/part time jobs

1 Commercial lodging properties include hotels/motels, campgrounds and RV parks.

### ES-3 Silver Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.0 (percent of non-county reside nts unavailable)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 2.3

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $248.60

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: N/A

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: N/A

3⁄4 First visit to springs? N/A

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $61,450,000.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $12,610,000.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 1,060.5 full/part time jobs

Alexander Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.7 (54% non-county residents)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 1.2

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $43.85

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: $4.57

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: 29.3%

3⁄4 First visit to springs? 20.0%

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $775,520.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $170,240.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 13.6 full/part time jobs

Apopka Spring

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.3 (67% non-county residents)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 1.3

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $22.21

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: $4.50

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: 23.4%

3⁄4 First visit to springs? 34.3%

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $28,520.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $5,940.00

### ES-4 3⁄4 Employment created: 0.52 full/part time jobs

Bugg Spring

3⁄4 Average party size: N/A

3⁄4 Average nights spent: N/A

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: N/A

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: N/A

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: N/A

3⁄4 First visit to springs? N/A

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $11,660.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $2,420.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 0.21 full/part time jobs

Ponce de Leon Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.7 (62% non-county residents)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 1.1

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $43.50

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: $4.95

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: 14.0%

3⁄4 First visit to springs? 43.8%

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $2,185,440.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $425,600.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 36.11 full/part time jobs

Gemini Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: 3.9 (51% non-county residents)

3⁄4 Average nights spent: 1.2

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: $34.10

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: $4.67

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: 5.8%

3⁄4 First visit to springs? 17.8%

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $322,870.00

### ES-5 3⁄4 Wages created: $68,910.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 6.26 full/part time jobs

Green Springs

3⁄4 Average party size: N/A

3⁄4 Average nights spent: N/A

3⁄4 Daily expenditures per party: N/A

3⁄4 Willingness to pay for access to private springs: N/A

3⁄4 Percent using commercial lodging properties: N/A

3⁄4 First visit to springs? N/A

3⁄4 Annual economic impact: $81,550.00

3⁄4 Wages created: $16,870.00

3⁄4 Employment created: 1.53 full/part time jobs

Overall findings for the eight priority springs indicated that total annual direct spending by visitors accounted for over $65 million, generated over $13 million in wages, and
created over 1,100 jobs. Silver Springs, which has a large theme park associated with the natural springs environment, accounted for 94% of the total economic impact to the region, while the remainder of the spring s contributed only 6% (Table ES-2).

**Table ES-2 Economic Impact Summary for Eight Springs**

**Springs Direct Spending % Wages % Employment**  **%**

**Silver Glen** $348,770.00 0.53% $66,370.00 0.50% 5.63 0.50%

**Silver** $61,450,000.00 94.24% $12,610,000.00 94.34% 1,060.50 94.32%

**Alexander** $775,520.00 1.19% $170,240.00 1.27% 13.60 1.21%

**Apopka** $28,520.00 0.04% $5,940.00 0.04% 0.52 0.05%

**Bugg** $11,660.00 0.02% $2,420.00 0.02% 0.21 0.02%

**Ponce de Leon** $2,185,440.00 3.35% $425,600.00 3.18% 36.11 3.21%

**Gemini** $322,870.00 0.50% $68,910.00 0.52% 6.26 0.56%

**Green** $81,550.00 0.13% $16,870.00 0.13% 1.53 0.14%
**Total $65,204,330.00 100.00%**  **$13,366,350.00 100.00%**  **1,124.36 100.00%** 

### 1 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PRIORITY SPRINGS ECONOMIC ANALYSES FOR

MINIMUM FLOWS AND LEVELS DEVELOPMENT

1.1. Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this Chapter is to introduce to the reader the economic impacts and

recreational and aesthetic values associated with eight priority springs in the St. John River

Water Management District (SJRWMD). By St ate of Florida law, SJRWMD must establish

minimum flows and levels (MFLs) necessary to prevent significant ecological damage or harm

to both permitted consumptive and non-consumptive uses such as navigation, recreation, fish and

wildlife habitat and other natural resources. MFLs designate hydrological conditions that

identify which water is available for reasonable be neficial use. If not set properly, these MFLs

can also impair and harm economic activity c onnected with aquatic communities such as

wetlands, streams and lakes, and springs for which Fl orida is famous with residents and visitors.

An important objective of this research is to esta blish a data-base containi ng information, such as

values, socioeconomic and associated market char acteristics, etc., that surround the eight priority

springs for which SJRWMD is developing MFLs.

The main objective of this research is to establish a present economic baseline including

economic impacts and recreational values for eigh t priority springs in SJRWMD. These springs

by county are:

Marion County:

Silver Glen Springs

Silver Springs

Lake County:

Alexander Springs

Apopka Spring

Bugg Spring

Volusia County: Ponce de Leon Springs

Gemini Springs

Green Springs

### 2 The St. Johns River Water Management Distri ct selected the Bonn Marketing Research

Group, Inc. (BMRG) to complete this study of eight priority springs because of BMRG’s well

established expertise in marketing research, economics and statistical applications applied to

natural springs resources, touris m and recreation. Prior to the in itiation of this project, BMRG

recently completed several similar regional res earch projects for Florida water management

districts that addressed many similar issues related to Florida springs visitors including their

psychological characteristics and associated economic value attributed to their springs-related

spending (Bonn & Bell, 2003). These eight priority springs addressed in this study range from

highly developed, well attended springs to those in the development stage with little or presently

no appreciable attendance.

The work designated by the contract included randomized day/ site/time data collection,

editing, collation, entry, and various statistical and economic analyses to present an assessment

and summary of the economic impacts and recreational and aesthetic values for eight priority

priority springs. Priority springs by definiti on are those springs prioritized by SJRWMD for the

establishment of minimum flows and levels in accordance with Chapter 373, Florida Statutes

.

1.2. An Overview of Priority Spring Attendance

Table 1.1 shows a summary of some fundamental economic vari ables that we have

gathered in our research for each of the eight priority springs. We have included estimated

annual attendance; days per attendee; percent of total vis itors from outside the county; the

number of annual visitors from outside the county; the source/managing the particular spring and

last year for which attendance was available given the time constraints of this contract. The

source of such data in Table 1.1 varies consider ably as does the quality of such data. Total

attendance at all eight countie s is a little over 1.5 million persons ranging from 2,900 visitors to

Bugg Spring in Lake County to over one million persons visiting Silver Springs in Marion

County (Table 1.1). These springs are managed/c ontrolled by various state, federal, and private

entities. For example, Ponce de Leon in Volu sia County is managed and owned by the State of

Florida. Silver Glen and Alexander Springs in Marion and Lake Counties respectively are owned

and managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Ge mini Springs and Green Springs are managed and

owned by Volusia County. Finally, Silver Spri ngs and Bugg Spring are privately controlled.

Some springs are fully developed, such as Ponce de Leon, while others, such as Green Springs in

### 3 Volusia County, are under de velopment by the county. Bugg Spring in Lake County is still held

by private owners and or government entities (e.g., Federal government) that place this spring in

a category of “developing.” Thus, there is great diversity in ownership and stage of development

for the eight priority springs listed in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Estimated Total Annual Attendance and Visitors from Outside the County for Eight Priority Springs in Marion, Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida

Annual

Attendance (Person Days) Days Per

Attendee Percent

from

Outside County* Estimated

Number of

Visitor to County Springs Managed by Year for

Data

Marion County

1. Silver Glen Springs 39,235 One 70% 27,471 USFS** 2002

2. Silver Springs 1,096,000 One 70% 767,200 Private 2003

Lake County

3. Alexander Springs

Day 55,819 One 68% 37,957 USFS** 2002

Camping 21,414 Two 68% 14,562 USFS** 2002

4. Apopka Spring 5,776*** One 70% 4,064 Florida  2003

5. Bugg Spring 2,888** * One 61% 1,756 Private 2002

Volusia County

6. Ponce de Leon 259,000 One 72% 186,480 Florida**** 2002

7. Gemini 57,755 One 64% 36,964 Volusia County 2002

8. Green 14,439*** One 64% 9,241 Volusia County 2002

**Total 1,529,223 1,085,695** 
* Percentage of Total Attendance Living Outside the County from On-Site Survey

** Data Obtained from the United States Forest Service on Attendance. *** Official attendance figures are not available for A popka, Bugg and Green springs. However, the potential attendance figures could be estimated by using Gemini attendance figures by Volusia County. The following conversion factors were applied: -- Green Springs: 25% of Gemini -- Apopka Spring: 10% of Gemini -- Bugg Spring: 5% of Gemini

**** The State of Fl orida owns Apopka Spring, but does not collect attendance data since it is not well developed. Of the 8 springs, the State of Florida runs only Ponce de Leon as an operating springs park.

### 4 Attendance at the priority springs is, in mo st cases, measured on a daily basis since the

springs are closed for the night. Thus, the a nnual attendance shown in Table 1.1 is also the

number of person days for the entire year with one exception, attendees who camp overnight at

Alexander Springs, Lake County. Forest Servi ce personnel indicate that campers usually stay in

the campgrounds for at least 2 da ys. Person days are estimated by multiplying by 2. This will

become important later in the economic analysis because spending is estimated through surveys

on a per party day basis. More will be said a bout the economics procedure used to calculate the

impact of spending by those attending the priority springs.

As indicated in Table 1.1, approximately two-thirds of those attending the priority springs

come from outside the county in which the spring is located. This percentage is generally the

same from spring to spring. Therefore, we s ee that of the over 1.5 million spring attendees, over

1 million are not residents of the county in whic h the spring is located. From an economic

impact point of view, visitors from outside a re gion or county infuse money spent during their

visit into the local economy that reverberates through that county in a multiplier fashion. A

dollar spent by visitors equates to a $1.30 - $1.80 impact upon the local economy and is,

therefore, an important contribution to the economic base of each county. The economic base of

each county is rooted in those industries and vi sitor facilities that draw money into the local

economy. In addition, resident spending is stimula ted by the availability of the spring(s) in their

county. This is addressed in the following chapters where the economic impact for all springs

specific to this study are addressed

The reader should be aware that this project stretched from 2003 to 2004. We were able

to get some data earlier than ot her data on attendance. At the point of contact (i.e., researcher to

the U.S. Forest Service), the most recent annual data were either 2002 or 2003. It will make little

difference which of the most recent years is used because of the fluctuation in attendance from

year to year.

1.3. An Overview of the Season ality of Spring Attendance

In developing MFLs for springs, it is impor tant to recognize that hydrological events vary

greatly within the year. Rainfall in Florida va ries considerably depending on the region of the

state. For example, precipitation in Jacksonville in 2001 was 0.6 inches in April and 16 inches in

September (Florida Statistical Abstract). Such rainfall variation is not always the same from

### 5 year to year, but there is a noticeable seasonality in environmental variables. In many cases,

variations in environmental variables, such as temperature and rainfall, are the causal factors

behind variations in economic measures. Becau se of the interaction between environmental

variables and economic be havior during the year, we develo ped seasonal indices of economic

behavior.

Table 1.2 shows the estimated percent of annual attendance by quarter to provide the

economic seasonality of attendance at springs. In most cases, the source of the data is from the

same source that we used to obtain annual data (Table 1.1). We requested data from these

sources on a monthly basis for several years, when possible, in order to establish the seasonality

of priority springs attendance. Data records va ried from source to source. For example, monthly

attendance data for Ponce de Leon Spring we re obtained from 1990-2002. The U.S. Forest

Service only had attendance data going back to 1998. Gemini Springs in Volusia County has

had only a few years to establish seasonal patterns. For some springs we used nearby springs as

proxies for the springs in question because of lack of data. For example, the seasonality of

Apopka and Bugg Spring was appr oximated by data obtained for Alexander Springs run by the

U.S. Park Service and the seasonality of Green Sp rings was establish by using the data set we

generated for Gemini Springs in Volusia County. Finally, the privately owned Silver Springs in

Ocala did not provide any attendance data, but ou r analysis indicates that it is a theme park

facility (e.g., Disney) that would exemplify the seasonality in tourism to Central Florida

formulated by Shifflet (2002). In all cases, we contacted the of ficials involved with running or

developing the springs to confirm that they were in agreement with our attendance projections.

The data show that strong attendance seasona lity exists at the priority springs (Table 1.2).

The non-weighted average of attendance at the pr iority springs indicates that 60 – 70% of the

annual attendance occurs during th e spring and summer (second and th ird quarters, Table 1.2).

Weather probably plays a role in this distributi on. Interesting attendance patterns are displayed

by Alexander Springs in Lake County, the only sp ring analyzed that has camping facilities, and

Silver Springs in Marion County, the only theme park facility. Day visitors to Alexander

Springs show a seasonal pattern similar to the other priority springs. However, campers show a

concentration in the winter and spring quarters presumably because in-state campers are avoiding

the periods of extreme summer heat in Florida and out-of-state visitors are coming south during

the winter months to enjoy the less extreme wint er conditions experienced in Florida. Silver

### 6 Springs is estimated to have a more even attendance pattern because it is a theme park facility

and should follow typical Florida a ttractions visitation patterns.

Table 1.2 A Summary of the Seasonality of Attendance by Quarter in Eight Priority Springs in Marion, Lake and Volusia Counties, Florida

Springs First (Jan-Mar) Second (Apr-June) Third (July-Sept) Fourth (Oct-Dec) Annual

% Source of

Data

Marion County

1. Silver Glen Springs 7% 44% 43% 6% 100% USFS*

2. Silver Springs 25 28 27 20 100 Shifflet**

Lake County

3. Alexander Springs

Day Visitors 15 41 37 7 100 USFS*

Camper Visitors 31 31 17 21 100 USFS*

4. Apopka Spring 15 41 37 7 100 Alex****

5. Bugg Spring 15 41 37 7 100 Alex 

Volusia County

6. Ponce de Leon Springs 21 33 34 12 100 Florida** *

7. Gemini Springs 20 40 24 16 100 Volusia County*****

8. Green Springs 20 40 24 16 100 Volusia County*****

**Average 19% 38% 31% 12% 100%**

* U.S. Forest Service Data, 1998-2002; ** Shifflet and Associates for Central Region of Florida (2002); *** Florida Park Service, 1990-2002;   Alexander Springs Seas onality in Lake County is used for Apopka Spring and Bugg Spring in same county; ** *** Gemini Springs Se asonality in Volusia County is used for Green Springs in same county.



### The priority springs were sampled on a quarterly basis in or der to better understand

seasonality of attendance and i ssues related to seasonal patte rns of spending, wages, and

employment associated with the priority springs. In our analysis, we address economic impacts

associated with priority springs in three coun ties: Lake, Marion, and Volusia. The following

report chapters (2-4) provide a brief description of each spring and summarize:

### 7 • Economic trends and the level of economic activ ity in that county;

• Annual and seasonal attendance;

• The economic impact of the springs upon the county measured in spending;

• Wages and employment both seasonally and annually; and

• The economic value of recreational and aesthe tic uses of the spring resources.

This general outline will be used throughout our economic analysis or baseline economic

data for all eight priority springs. Chapter 5 will summarize the recreational value of the springs

along with the springs’ visitor profiles.

### 8 CHAPTER 2

MARION COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF

SILVER GLEN SPRINGS AND SILVER SPRINGS

2.1. An Economic Profile of Marion County, Florida

Marion County is located in north central Flor ida. This county contains two priority

springs; Silver Glen Springs, located in the Oc ala National Forest in the southern part of the

county, and Silver Springs, located in and around th e city of Ocala. These two priority springs

draw approximately three-quarters of a million visitors from outside the county annually (Table

1.1). Residents of Marion County comprise an estimated 30% of attend ance or demand. Thus,

the county economics is important in determining part of the dema nd for both priority springs.

Since estimating the demand for these springs is pa rt of the scope for this study, an economic

profile for Marion County can be developed that may have a bearing on spring attendance.

Table 2.1 shows growth trends according to major economic indicators for Marion

County during the period 1990-2001 (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2003). In terms of the

population growth rate, Marion County has incr eased by nearly 36% during this period,

compared to a 26% increase for the State of Florida. In 2001, 0.26 million people resided in

Marion County. Of significance, aggregate personal income grew at a faster rate than that of the

State. The growth in personal income greatly exceeded that of population growth leading to a

rise in per capita income of 44.1% for th e period 1990-2001. Even though population and

income growth rates exceeded that of the state, Marion County’s per capita income growth of

44.1 % was below the State of Florida rise of near ly 47%. This indicates that Marion County is

adding industries to its economic base that rival those added by the State. The 34.4% increase in

employment in Marion County indicat es that the county is adding slightly more labor-intensive

jobs than the State of Florida, where wage a nd salary job growth increased by 31.9% over the

period 1990-2001. In most cases, labor-intensive j obs (e.g., restaurants; amusements; health

care) do not increase earnings as fast as cap ital-intensive jobs. Marion County has a greater

concentration of employees in agriculture, healthcare, social assistance, and low skilled

manufacturing than the State of Florida. Its three major employers are Emergency One, Inc.,

Closet Maid, and Singular Wireless who employ nearly 3,300 persons. Thus, earnings per job in

### 9 Marion County tend to be below the state average a nd are just keeping up with the state in terms

of growth (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1 Growth of Selected Economic Indicators for Marion County, Florida Containing Two Priority Springs, 1990-2001

**Economic Indicators 1990 2001** % Change Rank of Marion County among 67 Counties in Florida (2001)

Population Growth

Marion County 194,833 264,277 35.6 18

Florida 12,938,071 16,331,739 26.2 N/A

Aggregate Personal Income
Marion City (Thous $) $ 3,071,486 $ 6,003,254 95.5 19

Florida (Thous $) $ 258,479,049 $ 467,188,758 80.7 N/A

Per Capita Income Growth
Marion County ($) $ 15,765 $ 22,716 44.1 34

Florida ($) $ 19,832 $ 29,048 46.5 N/A

Wage & Salary Job Growth

Marion County 66,519 89,410 34.4 20

Florida 5,802,287 7,655,940 31.9 N/A

Average Earnings per Job
Marion County ($) $ 18,571 26,261 41.4 40

Florida ($) $ 22,879 32,643 42.7 N/A

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.



### Marion County has been able to attract visito rs from out of state despite not having any

accommodations tax as a potential tourism revenue source. This is due largely to the fact that

Interstate 75 provides for easy ingress and egress for visitors passing through the area on their

way to popular Florida destinations. In 2002, out of state domestic visito rs (U.S.) to Marion

County were 1.1% of all the visitors to the St ate of Florida that was slightly under 70 million

(Visit Florida, 2004, personal correspondence). Thus, three-quarters of a million domestic

persons visited Marion County, with some stopping at the priority springs. Neither Canadians

### 10 nor overseas visitors are included in these numbers. Jobs in the visitor industry tend to represent

low paying hourly positions. The skill demands are not great and there is a great deal of

seasonal, of part-time work that generates relatively less earning per year. It would appear from

Table 2.1 that Marion County is exceeding or pa ralleling the growth rate for many economic

indicators when compared to the State of Florid a. However, the county has failed to achieve

parity for both personal per capita income and earni ngs per job. More will be said on this below.

In Table 2.2, we see a socioeconomic pr ofile of Marion County. Such a profile may be

useful in judging spring attendance figures in terms of those local residence using priority

springs. In 2001, Marion County had a somewhat co mparable unemployment rate to the state of

less than 5%. Marion County had a lower participation rate or percent of the population that

were gainfully employed (Marion at 64.3% comp ared to 73.9 % for the State). This condition

appears where the population is of advanced age a nd/or there is a lot of disguised unemployment

(i.e., people that wish to work, but because jobs are so scarce, they leave the labor force). The

poverty rate was slightly higher than that for th e state reflected in part by the relatively lower

paying jobs in the county. Table 2.2 shows th at the median age in Marion County is about 5

years above the state, which is consistent with lower labor force participation and relatively low

per capita income. Attendance at priority spring s may be higher or lower depending on the kinds

of recreation offered. Silver Glen Springs proba bly has more of an appeal to younger people

with its raw terrain. Silver Springs, which is more of a theme park, might appeal to an older

consumer. This county has a higher percentage of white population than exists statewide.

Marion County has nearly 25% of its population over 65 years of age compared to the state

average of nearly 18%. This reinforces our observations that Marion County is, in part, a

retirement community. This county is ranked 14 th 

### in the state in terms of median age.

Additionally, we prepared a detailed comparison of the components of per capita income

comparing Marion County to the State of Florid a (Table 2.3). Because of the relatively low

paying industrial base, depende nce on tourism, and age struct ure of the population, Marion

County has a per capita income over $6,000 below that of the State of Florida. Nearly 88% of

this difference is due to low earnings pe r person in the county (Table 2.3).

### 11 Table 2.2 Socioeconomic Profile of Marion County, Florida Containing Two Priority Springs, 2001

**County Profile Marion**  **Florida Rank of Marion**  **County Among 67**

**Florida Counties**

Recorded Unemployment Rate (%)

4.9 4.8 29
Labor Force Participation Rate (%)

64.3 73.9 38

Poverty Rate (% of Population)

13.8 12.4 35

Median Age (Years)

43.8 38.7 14

Ethnicity (%)

White 84.2 77.8 29

Other 15.5 22.2 39

65 year or Over (%) 24.6 17.5 14

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

Table 2.3 Economic Characteristics of Marion County, Florida Containing Two Priority Springs, 2001

**Economic Characteristics Marion Florida Difference** 

**Marion Vs Florida**
Per Capita Income $22,910 $29,048 ($6,138)

Per Capita Earning 11,612 17,037 (5,425)

Per Capita Transfers 5,392 4,483 909

Income Maintenance 340 316 24

Unemployed Insurance 46 64 (18)

Retirement 5,005 4,103 902

Per Capita Dividends, Interest &

Rents 5,907 7,526 (1,619)
Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

### 12 These low earnings stem from a labor-intensive base coupled with a lower pa rticipation rate (i.e.,

less people are gainfully employed from the populati on). Transfer payments to individuals such

as retirement (e.g., social security) are positive, reflecting the age structure of Marion County’s

population. We examined this retiree population in terms of its economic characteristics (Table

2.3). In some Florida counties, people have migrat ed to the state with considerable assets in

stocks, bonds, property, and cash. This is true of Lee and Collier Counties (i.e., cities of Naples

and Ft. Myers). In the case of Marion Count y, the average individual receives about $1, 600

below the state average in dividends, interest, and rent meaning that the retirement community is

relatively non-affluent. Depending on the nature of the springs, they may appeal to individuals

that are less affluent because admission costs are relatively low and the springs are located

within close proximity to their homes.

Tables 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 show a growing commun ity measured by population and income

that has an industrial base with a per capita income 22% below the state average. Part of this is

due to the relatively low-income retirement comm unity in the county. The tables provide an

economic profile of the community in which the two priority springs are located. Little or

nothing is really known about the demand structur e for recreational activity at the springs and

how altering the springs (i.e., lowering discha rges) may influence the economics of the area.

These are matters of immense im portance, but are well beyond th e scope of this report.

2.2. Silver Glen Springs

2.2.1. Description of Silver Glen Springs

Silver Glen Springs is located near As tor in Marion County, in the Ocala National

Forest, and flows into Lake Ge orge. Although owned by the U.S. National Park Service,

private concessionaires operate Silver Glen Springs. The annual revenue collected by

concessionaires in 2002 was a pproximately $155,000 as reported by the Park Service to

Bonn Marketing, Inc. Recr eational activities in clude swimming, hiking, and boating.

The latter is not permitted in the springs’ pool, but it is acceptable in the springs run.

There are many large fresh and saltwater fishes in both vents of the pool. This spring has

a maximum depth of around 25 feet . Facilities include parking, bathrooms, picnic tables,

and concessions. Only day visitors come to S ilver Glen to avail themselves of its beauty

and opportunity for outdoor recreation.

### 13 2.2.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

The researchers obtained annual and monthly attendance figures for Silver Glen

Springs from the National Park Service for the period 1998-2002. In 2002, there were

over 39,000 visitors to this priority spring. Over this five-year period, there did not

appear to be any trend in annual attendance with highest attendance in 1999 (i.e., over

40,000) and the lowest being in 1998 (i.e., slig htly less than 36,000). The U.S. Forest

Service pointed out that these figures only c ount those attendees coming to the area by

land and, “... not the thousands and thousands on an annual basis that are in the run itself

on boats” (Tooley, 2003). Thus, our use of atte ndance figures counted by the U.S. Forest

Service is very conservative and is probably an understatement of actual usage of this

spring.

Using the five years of monthly data supplied by the U.S. Forest Service, we were

able to establish a fairly stable seasonal pattern of attendance from year to year. This was

discussed in Chapter 1. Seasonality was measur ed by looking at the quarterly attendance

pattern over the 1998-2002 period. Quarterly s easonality was selected since the economic

survey data discussed later in this report was collect every 3 months running from the 3 rd



### quarter of 2003 to the 2 nd 

### quarter of 2004 as stipulated in the contract with SJRWMD.

This was to enable SJRWMD to get the most recently available economic data on those

using Silver Glen Springs for recreation. If no seasonal pattern existed, we would expect

25% of the annual attendance during each quarter of the year. With the aid of

spreadsheet analyses, the researchers were able to compute the average quarterly

attendance expressed as per cent of annual attendance (see Table 2.4 for details).

Table 2.4 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Glen Springs

**Quarter Months Percent of Annual Attendance**

1 st Jan-Mar 6.7%

2 nd Apr-June 44.3%

3 rd July-Sept 43.4%

4 th Oct-Dec 5.6%

Total 100.0%

### 14 Attendance peaks from the early spring to the early fall of each year with 85.7%

of annual attendance occurring between April and September. Located in North Central

Florida where the weather can be quite chilly during this period, it is clear that Silver

Glen patrons may be impacted by the weather. As indicated in Chapter 1, most attendees

to Silver Glen are not local residents of Marion County, but come from surrounding

counties and from non-Florida domestic regions . MFLs must take into account the

seasonality of springs public use when co ming to any policy decision. For example,

reductions in water levels and flows of springs may only impact ~12% of the attendees at

Silver Glen Springs if the major impacts o ccur between October and March (Table 2.4).

A refinement of seasonality may be calculate d at the monthly level if needed using the

data gathered by this research project.

Silver Glen Springs has the gr eatest economic impact to Marion County from

April through September of each year. This extreme seasonality gives rise to highly used

resources during part of the year and idle res ources during the balance of each year. Such

extreme seasonality usually creates only part time jobs since employers can only use

employees for part of the year (i.e., April th rough September). Public infrastructure is

also strained during only part of the year so there is reluctance by much of the local

population to heavily invest in infrastructure (i.e., roads, bridges, sidewalks, etc.).

2.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outs ide Marion County - Spending, Wages and

Employment Generated Quarterly and Annually

As we have indicated in our disc ussion of the Marion County economy in the first

part of this chapter, the economic growth of this region is largely determined by the

growth in what are called “base” or export indus tries in the county. That is, dollars must

be brought into the local economy in order for economic growth to occur. Silver Glen

Springs is part of the economic base of Ma rion County since it draws visitors into the

area who spend money locally. The initial round of spending is called the “direct

economic impact” of such dollars on the local economy, which generates “direct” sales,

wages, and employment. This is a typical “tourist effect” which is understood throughout

Florida since the state itself as a region depends on export industries such as tourism. To

### 15 be an export industry, it is only necessary that dollars be brought into the local economy.

Thus, priority springs are largely export industr ies since they bring non-county visitors to

the area. Please note that the term “visitor” refers only to the attendance that comes from

outside the county of interest.

Because eight priority springs are being ev aluated for four quar ters with an annual

summary, a large number of tables were prepar ed to illustrate the economic impact for all

the springs. For each quarter, all parameters (e.g., expenditure per person, etc) necessary

to calculate “direct spending” by visitors a nd the direct employment and wages generated

by this spending were considered. The tables summarize exactly how the economic

impacts were derived and identify which local industries benefit from this spending. For

example, visitors may use local hotels and restaurants, as well as purchases from

concessionaires at Silver Glen Springs. Be cause of this, it is important to provide a

breakdown of total direct expenditures by spring visitors for industries in the area. To

assist the reader’s unde rstanding, we will review in deta il the first quarter of economic

analyses for Silver Glen Springs. For the remaining quarters and the annual summary for

Silver Glen Springs, as well as for each additional spring analysis, a narrative of the

economic impact will be provide d and the supporting documentation (i.e., spreadsheets)

placed in the appendices of the report for reference.

An estimate of the direct economic impact of visitor attendance to Silver Glen

Springs is summarized in Table 2.5. This tabl e was constructed from data collected from

detailed on-site surveys of visitors. The ec onomic impact tables are located in Appendix

A while the survey instrument is located in Appendix C. The purpose of this random

sample of visitors was to obt ain quarterly data on direct spending by visitors to the

springs, to derive annual economic data. 200 interviews were made during the 3 rd 

### quarter

of 2003 (the first quarter of the study, Table 2.5).

### 16 Table 2.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Economic Impact Annual Annual Attend.

in Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 39,235 0.43 0.71 11,809.7

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accommodation

% Visitors by

Accommodation Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 3% 295 3.8 3.8

Friends and Family 17 9% 1,004 3.4 4.2

Camping 0 0% 0 0.0 0.0

Condominiums & Others 47 24% 2,775 3.4 2.4

Day Visitors 131 66% 7,735 3.4 1.0

Total 200 100% 11,810

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $85.80 $22.58

Friends and Family $41.18 $12.11

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $54.06 $15.90

Day Visitors $37.13 $10.92

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $6,666.28 $1,596.79 0.56

Friends and Family $12,158.12 $2,291.15 0.74

Camping $0.00 $0 0

Condominiums & Others $44,127.07 $6,841.29 2.19

Day Visitors $84,474.86 $17,073.89 5.75 **Total $147,426.34 $27,803.12**  **9.24**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 17 As reported by the U.S. Forest Service, there were 39,235 total annual attendees

at Silver Glen Springs of which approximate ly 43% of the annual attendance took place

during the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 (Table 2.3). Based upon our survey of all attendees (i.e.,

visitors from outside and local residents) , we estimated that about 71% of seasonal

attendees came from outside Marion County. Combining these figures gives an estimate

of ~12,000 visitors to Marion County during the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 (i.e., July –

September). All such estimates are what statisticians call point estimates, and their

precision (i.e., variance about the mean) de pends on sample size. A sample of 200

produces a +/- 10% error of estimate.

In Table 2.5, the sample of 200 vi sitors is broken down by accommodation mode

such as hotels or camping sites. This identif ies the facilities or infrastructure needed to

handle the seasonal influx of visitors to Ma rion County produced by Silver Glen Springs.

Over two-thirds of the visitors to the spring are day visitors. Because Silver Glen only

permits day access, some of these visitors ma y stay over-night in a hotel or motel on their

travels. The data indicated that ~3% of visito rs actually stayed in paid lodgings (Table

2.5).

The economic model used to make th e calculations in Table 2.5 is quite simple.

During the survey, visitors were asked thei r party size (SP) and how much money their

party spent per day ($EPPD) while visiting Silver Glen. Day visitors had a Length of

Stay (LS) of 1, while those staying in hotels and motels had a LS of 3.8 days. Earlier in

this chapter, we discussed the economic stru cture of Marion County. Nearly 1.1% of the

some 70 million visitors to Florida visited Ma rion County in 2002. Silver Glen Springs is

undoubtedly part of the reason why these visito rs came to Marion County, but there is a

strong case for not attributing other days st ayed in this county to the priority springs

under study.

### 18 Thus, our economic model for obtaining tota l expenditures by accommodation mode is

expressed as follows:

$S (i) = ($EPPDi / SPi)* V(i) Equation (1)

where, $S (i) = Total Dollar Spending by i th 

### mode;

$EPPDi = Expenditures per Party Day for i th 

### mode;

SPi = Size of Party for i th 

### mode;

Vi = Visitor Day for i th 

### mode.

The implementation of Equation (1) is s hown in Table 2.5. For example, $EPPD

for those using paid lodging was $85.80 per party day. The size of the party (SP) was 3.8

with the corresponding $EPPED or expenditure per person day of $22.58 as shown at the

bottom of Table 2.5. The number of visitor da ys (Vi) for those using paid lodging was

295 (Table 2.5). When multiplied by $22.58, this yields a total spending for those using

paid lodging ($Si) of $6,666.

Finally, we obtained data from th e interviewees on their detailed expenditures

leading to their total expenditures per party day of $85.80. This ranged from

expenditures on lodging to local shopping are shown in detail by the survey instrument in

Appendix B. We obtained data for Marion County on sales, wages, and employment

from the U.S. Census (2000). For an industry like lodging in Marion County, we

obtained the percent of sales going to wages pl us the amount of sales that were generated

per employee. Our estimate of spending for lodging, for example, was multiplied by the

percent going to wages to obtain “wages generated.” Finally, the estimate of

employment generated by Silver Glen Spring s was obtained by dividing expenditure in

the case of hotel and motels by the ratio of sales to employment in this industry for

Marion County. All figures were adjusted by an inflation factor to 2003 dollars. This

procedure was used for all eight priority springs.

Among all five accommodation mode s (Table 2.5), we estimated that for the 3 rd



### quarter (July-Sept) of 2003, direct spe nding by Marion County visitors was ~$150,000,

generating about $28,000 in wages and nearly 10 jobs. As we shall see later, sales and

wages must be summed among quarters to obt ain annual figures while employment is a

stock variable and could be the same for each quarter depending on seasonality. The

### 19 annual rate of pay per employee is $12,000. The tourist sector is notorious for being low

skilled, low waged and highly part-time, so this low annual pay per employee is not

totally unexpected.

During the interview process, the daily 3 rd 

### Quarter 2003 spending per party

connected with Silver Glen Springs was br oken down into eight separate “spending

sectors” (Table 2.6). The spending by sector, ranged from just under $50,000 on food

and beverages (groceries) to a low of just under $1,000 on ground transportation. The

light spending for ground transportation (i.e., gas stations) may be because day visitors

from neighboring counties drive but a few mile s to Silver Glen Springs in Marion

County.

The previous analysis for Silver Glen Springs, is an estimate of direct spending

and wages and employment created by visitors to the area for the 3 rd 

### quarter where the

seasonality for Silver Glen Springs is at it p eak (Tables 2.4 and 2.5). As stated, half of

the quarters show relatively few visitors due primarily to the weather. The reader is

referred to Appendix A to view data and summa ry tables for the remaining three quarters

for Silver Glen Springs. This procedure will be followed for all other springs. The report

shall concentrate only on the annual impact of each spring to from here on.

In terms of the economic impact, direct spending by springs visitors from outside

the county plus the direct employment and wa ges created by this spending is presented.

Money injected into a local economy will ha ve a multiplier effect . For local economies

such as Marion County, such multiplie rs are usually between 1.2 and 1.8.

Quarterly and annual total spending, wage s, and employment for Silver Glen

Springs are summarized in Table 2.7. The deta iled spreadsheets for deriving these data

are in Table A.2.1 through Tables A.2.8 (App endix A). Table 2.7 shows that visitors

from outside Marion County spend approxima tely $350 thousand dollars annually as a

result of Silver Glen Springs. This direct spending created approximately six jobs in the

community and annual wages of nearly $67 t housand. Note that the quarter-to-quarter

spending mirrors the seasonality for Silver Glen Springs (Tables 2.4 and 2.7). The 2 nd



### and 3 rd 

### quarters account for about 92% of all spending during the year (Table 2.7).

### 20 Table 2.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $5,372 0.48 $1,332

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $28,401 3.34 $7,725

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $49,887 1.57 $4,988

Admission Fees $32,839 2.66 $9,260

Evening Entertainment $9,004 0.74 $2,539

Ground Transportation $989 0.01 $52.00

Shopping $9,994 0.21 $910

All Other $10,951 0.23 $997

**All $147,437 9.24**  **$27,803**

Sources: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Research Group, Inc. On-Site Survey Data.

Table 2.7 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Silver Glen Springs on Marion County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $147.43 $10.69 $17.59 $173.06 $348.77

Wages Created $27.80 $2.11 $3.31 $33.15 $66.37

Employment Created* 9.24 0.70 1.12 11.47 5.63

Components of Spending**
Lodging $5.37 $0.29 $0.74 $10.32 $16.72
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $28.40 $1.95 $3.49 $41.79 $75.63 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $49.89 $3.38 $6.28 $64.85 $124.40

Admission Fees $32.84 $2.82 $3.71 $32.07 $71.44 Evening Entertainment $9.00 $0.90 $1.04 $7.91 $18.85 Ground Transportation $0.99 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.99 Shopping $10.00 $0.86 $1.02 $10.43 $22.31

Other $10.95 $0.48 $1.30 $5.69 $18.42

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.

### 21 2.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

Silver Glen Springs charges attendees $3 pe r person day to visit the springs. The

U.S. Forest Service does not manage the spri ngs as a commercial enterprise, but regards

the springs as “public goods” that are largel y common property. A nominal fee to visit a

spring is not used to measure the recreationa l value of such springs. Rather, the “use

value” of such resources is measured by what the user would be willing to pay to access

the spring above all cost incurred. “Use va lue” is usually measured by the “contingent

value method.” Contingent valuation is a direct-ques tioning approach by which

individuals are asked the value they place on an item or activity. To measure “use

value,” we asked the following question: “I f privately owned springs in this area were

opened to the public on a limited access basis, how much would you be willing to spend

on the entrance fee for each visit if you kne w the money would go to the protection of

those natural springs?” “Use value” applies to all users of the springs and not to just

those coming from outside the county. Over the four quarters, 400 individual were asked

this question that visited Silver Glen Springs. There was little variation from quarter to

quarter with the arithmetic mean of th e response ranging from $3.7 to $4.7 per person

day (Appendix B). There was little statistical difference between these estimates and the

average for the year was calculated to be $4.17 per person day. This figure represents the

use value per day of seeing the springs and pa rticipating in all or one of the recreational

opportunities available to attendees. Johns et al (2001) found that the “use value” for

natural reef systems was $8.49 per person day in Southeast Florida. Another study

documented the use value for artificial reefs in North Florida were $9.65 per day (Bell,

Bonn and Leeworthy, 1998).

“Use value” is used to identify the value lost due to environmental calamities such

as oils spills, beach erosion, overfishing, reef dest ruction by boats, etc. It is not only used

by the Federal government (e.g, USACE) to identify dollar value of damages, but would

be used to measure any damages to spring s resulting from the adoption of measures

altering the levels and flows of water. The economic impact identifies who makes a

living as a result of having the natural asset of springs in any areas. If springs did not

exist, this money might be spent elsewhere. However, loss of springs due to a natural or

man-made disaster would only be measured in terms of “use value.”

### 22 At Silver Glen Springs, there are 39,235 pe rson days per year (Table 1.1). If the

“use value” was $4.17 per day, then the absence of the springs would produce an annual

loss of approximately $163, 610. Carried into perpetuity, this dollar loss would occur

every year into infinity. Such future losse s would be small when discounted back to the

present. The final simple equation to estimate the “Asset Use Value” of the spring

resource is:

AUV = UV(t)/r Equation (2)

where: AUV = the asset use value;

UV(t) = total “use value” lost in the first year; and

r = real discount rate.

Most economists use a discount rate of 3% (J ohns et al, 2001). Thus, dividing our annual

use value of $163,610 by 0.03 yields an AUV of $5.45 million for Silver Glen Springs.

2.2.5. Visitor Profile

Visitor profile for Silver Glen Spri ngs can be found in Appendices B and C.

2.3. Silver Springs

2.3.1. Description of Silver Springs

The Silver Springs group flows fro m several vents and forms the headwaters of

the Silver River, a major tributary of the Ocklawaha River. It is located near the city of

Ocala in Marion County, Florida. The eastern portion of the main spring pool is deepest,

being between 25 and 30 feet. Silver Spri ngs as a group has the largest long term,

measured average flow of an y freshwater spring group in Florida and possibly in the

United States. For many years, Silver Sp rings has been operated as a major tourist

attraction. It is famous for its rides in gl ass bottom boats from which the several spring

outlets and the associated aqua tic life may be viewed through the remarkably clear water.

In addition, visitors may take a ride in a jungle-cruise boat severa l miles down the Silver

River and enjoy many other in teresting attractions along the shores of the spring pool,

including zoos, museums, gift shops, and various food service facilities.

### 23 Today, visitors of all ages enjoy th e 350-acre nature theme park at Silver Springs

and the adjacent Wild Waters water park. During the yearly Concert Series, nationally

known performers entertain visitors. Silver Springs is privately owned by Palace

Entertainment which is the largest family amusement and water park operator in the U.S.

with 37 parks and over 15 million attendees a nnually. Attendance figures for individual

springs are regarded as proprietary inform ation. However, BMRG learned from a very

reliable source who was previously associated with this company (personal conversation

with Dr. Bonn, anonymous source, 2003) th at there are approximately 1,095,000 annual

visitors to Silver Springs with about 70 percent (766,500) being from outside Marion

County.

2.3.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

As discussed above, we estimate d that over one million persons visit Silver

Springs annually of which about 70% are from outside Marion County. This is a

substantial operation in a county of only 250,000 residents. No observed monthly or

quarterly data is available from the Silver Springs operation. However, since the Silver

Springs operation is one of the largest visitor attractions in Central Florida, we used the

seasonality factor for that region published by Shifflet (2003) (Table 2.8).

Table 2.8 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Springs

**Quarter Months Percent of Annual Attendance**

1 st Jan-Mar 25%

2 nd Apr-June 28%

3 rd July-Sept 27%

4 th Oct-Dec 20%

Total 100.0%



### The seasonal tourist peak for the Central Flor ida region is during the period April through

September, which coincides roughly with ch ildren being out of school. The average age

of adult travelers is 42 with 35% of all year ly travelers being families. The authors feel

that these global figures on attendance and se asonality are reasonable estimates for Silver

### 24 Springs and will come very close to actual data that could be collected, if possible, from

corporate authorities.

2.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Ou tside the County – Spending, Wages and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

On-site visitor surveying at Silver Springs was not permitted by Palace

Entertainment because of the company’s proprietary stance on data collected on its

operations. Therefore, the research team obtained limited information on Silver Springs

visitors using a database from a study of vi sitors to Tampa, Florida conducted by Bonn

Marketing Research Group, Inc. (2003) whom indicated they had visited Silver Springs

as a part of their overall travel experience to Tampa. This database provided initial

information pertaining to visitor spendi ng in the Marion County area but should be

considered conservative in its use until on-site data collection at Silver Springs becomes

possible.

The quarterly economic analyses for Silver Springs (3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 to the 2 nd



### quarter of 2004) are summarized in Tabl es A.2.1 to A.2.8 (Appendix A). Table A.2.1

summarizes estimated direct spending by visitors to Silver Springs during the 3 rd 

### quarter

2003. A total of 181 individuals visited Marion County during their visit to Tampa in the

3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 (Table A.2.1). About 30% of these visitors stayed in hotels and

motels while in the county and spent over $320 per party day. According to Equation

(1)(Section 2.2.3), only the spending per pers on day was included, which in the case of

the hotel/motel room group wa s a little over $90. We only count ed the average spending

on the day the visitor toured Silver Springs, while the individual/party may have spent 5-

9 days in Florida. In 2002, the general admission for a party to Silver Springs was about

$32 per day that included many discounts, such as for senior citiz ens (55+) and small

children. Party size was about 3.5 persons, so average entrance fee per person may

approach $9. For hotel/motel users, spring en trance fees may be as little as 10% of total

spending per person day. However, a careful breakdown of admission fees from other

expenses in Table A.2.2 (Appendix A) indicated that they may run up to 24% of total

spending. Admission fees to the Silver Springs concert series held at the facility may run

considerably higher since major na tional singing artist are featured.

### 25 During the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003, it was estimated that visitors to Silver Springs

from outside the county spent $17.4 million wh ich generated nearly 1,200 jobs and $3.5

million dollars in wages paid. Measured by spending, Silver Springs was the largest

visitor attraction among the eight priority sp rings studied. The highest spending quarter

was the 1 st 

### quarter of 2004 at $18.7 million dollars, wh ich tends to seas onally attract outof-state domestic and internati onal visitors. For the four quarters under study, visitors

from outside Marion County spent over $61.4 million connected with Silver Springs

which generated over 1,060 jobs a nd $12.6 million in wages (Table 2.9).

Table 2.9 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Silver Springs on Marion County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quart Economic Indicators ( Mil $) ( Mil $) (Mil $) (Mil $) ( Mil $)

Direct Spending $17.39 $14.86 $18.71 $10.49 $61.45

Wages Created $3.50 $3.08 $3.79 $2.24 $12.61

Employment Created* 1,177 1,027 1,293 745 1,060.5 Components of Spending** Lodging $2.05 $1.54 $4.07 $1.01 $8.67 Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $3.93 $3.30 $3.73 $2.36 $13.32 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $0.74 $0.63 $0.89 $0.68 $2.94

Admission Fees $4.24 $4.15 $3.79 $3.58 $15.76 Evening Entertainment $0.61 $0.65 $0.54 $0.12 $1.92 Ground Transportation $1.33 $1.01 $1.58 $0.41 $4.33 Shopping $3.51 $2.91 $3.10 $1.88 $11.40

Other $0.98 $0.67 $1.01 $0.46 $3.12

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Tampa Bay Visitor Study, 2003



### 2.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

The natural value of the springs and the recreation associated with the use of the

springs has consumer use value. However, for Silver Springs, which is privately

operated, no use value exists, as it does for spri ngs that are administered by a Federal or

state agency as a common property or public good for all citizens to use.

### 26 2.3.5. Visitor Profile

Visitor profiles for Silver Springs can be found in Appendix B and Appendix D.

Please note that much of the visitor information was not accessible, since on-site

surveying at Silver Springs was not permitted.

### 27 CHAPTER 3

LAKE COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF

ALEXANDER SPRINGS, APOPKA SPRING AND BUGG SPRING

3.1. An Economic Profile of La ke County, Florida

Lake County is located in the north ern part of Central Florida and contains three priority

springs: Alexander, Apopka, and Bugg Spring. Alexander Springs is located in the Ocala

National Forest and is owned a nd operated by the U.S. Federal Government. Apopka Spring is

part of Lake Apopka and is owned by the State of Florida. Bugg Spring is owned by the Federal

government and private individuals participate in its ownership. Further details will be discussed

below.

Table 3.1 shows the growth in major economic indicators for Lake County over the

period 1990-2001 for which the latest data are ava ilable from the U.S. Department of Commerce

(2003). In terms of population growth, Lake County has increased 45 percent from 1990 to –

2001, which was about double that for the State of Fl orida. This rapid growth in this county is

exerting pressure on the springs and other natu ral resources. In 2001, somewhat less than onequarter of a million people lived in Lake County ranking it 21 st 

### out of 67 in the State of Florida

in population growth. Because of the rapid growth in population, Lake County’s personal

income grew much faster than that of the Stat e (Table 3.1). However, Lake County’s per capita

income of $24,418 lagged behind the State of Florida average of $29,048 in 2001 (84% of the

State’s average). Per capita income is widely used by economists to measure the level of

affluence in an area. Job growth in Lake Count y, although substantial, has not kept up with the

State of Florida average (Table 3.1). This growth is largely a function of the economic base of

the county (i.e., the kind of industries in the county) . However, the growth of earnings per job in

Lake County has slightly exceeded that of the State. This implies a subtle shift in the economic

base toward industries with high er earning potential. In 2001, La ke County’s industrial base was

concentrated in agriculture, c onstruction, healthcare, and social assistance. Agriculture was

prominent in the early development of the c ounty while construction reflects the tremendous

population growth experienced during the last decade. Florida Trend (April, 2004) indicated

that Lake County is experiencing an explosi on in healthcare businesses, including hospital

campuses, physician’s offices, medical equipment distributions, and othe r related services.

### 28Healthcare institutions such as Leesburg Regional Medical Center and Florida HospitalWaterman employ nearly 3,000 people of the over 80,000 individual employed in Lake County

(Table 3.1). The large number of retirees in La ke County dictates an ever-increasing demand for

medical services.

Table 3.1: Growth of Selected Economic Indicators for Lake County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 1990-2001

Rank of Lake County

Among 67 Counties

**Economic Indicators 1990 2001** % Change in Florida (2001)

Population Growth

Lake County 153,468 223,610 45.7 21

Florida 12,938,071 16,331,739 26.2 N/A

Aggregate Personal Income
Lake City (Thous $) 2,662,110 5,460,200 105.1 21

Florida (Thous $) 258,479,049 467,188,758 80.7 N/A

Per Capita Income Growth
Lake County ($) 17,346 24,418 40.8 26

Florida ($) 19,832 29,048 46.5 N/A

Wage & Salary Job Growth

Lake County 50,468 81,675 61.8 23

Florida 5,802,287 7,655,940 31.9 N/A

Average Earnings per Job
Lake County ($) 17,490 25,616 46.5 42

Florida ($) 22,879 32,643 42.7 N/A
Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.



### Tables 3.2 and 3.3 show a socioeconomic pr ofile of Lake County that may help us further

understand the economic role of the priority spri ngs. In 2001, Lake County’s unemployment rate

was more than one percentage point below that of Florida as a whole. This was one of the lowest

in the state ranking 48 th 

### out of 67 counties in terms of lo w unemployment. This tight labor

market was induced by the rapid migration of peop le into the county. Despite the large number

### 29 of retirees, the participa tion rate is exceedingly high (Table 3.2) . This implies that “retirees” are

re-entering the labor force for additional income. The fact that the per capita income is lower

than the state average supports this thesis. Ye t, the poverty rate is below the State average

indicating that per capita income is not too low. The median age for Lake County is well above

the state average (45.1 vs. 37.3 years) reflecting the fact that many older individuals that are a

part of the labor force. Note that the percent of the labor force 65 years and older is nearly twice

that of the State of Florida, which is know n for its elderly population as a whole.

The reason for Lake County having a lo wer per capita income is explained in Table 3.3.

In 2001, there was a $4,628 difference in the per cap ita income between the State of Florida and

Lake County mostly caused by low per capita “earni ngs.” “Income” to individuals is composed

of earnings, transfer payments (e.g., social secu rity) and income from i nvestments (e.g., stocks

and bonds). Because of the higher percentage of the population 65 and older, transfer payments

such as private and public retirement helped offs et the low per capita earnings to the tune of

$1,151 (Table 3.3). Investment income brought in to Lake County, although lower than the state

average, provided additional offset to the lo wer per capita income. The Lake County economy

has a higher percent of the population working in re latively lower skilled jobs just to keep their

per capita income within 80-90% of that received in Florida. Usually, such counties have a

lower participation rate since retirees bring more money in fr om capital investments. A good

illustration is Lee (Ft. Myers) and Collier (N aples) counties in Southwest Florida.

Finally, little is known about the demand struct ure for outdoor recreational activity.

However, it would appear that in Lake County, many in the population choose work over leisure

recreation activities, in order to raise per capita income levels.

### 30 Table 3.2 Socioeconomic Profile of Lake County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

**County Profile Lake County**  **Florida Rank of Lake**  **County Among 67**

**Florida Counties**

Recorded Unemployment Rate (%)

3.7 4.8 48

Labor Force Participation Rate (%)

75.8 73.9 12

Poverty Rate (% of Population)

10.8 12.4 48

Median Age (Years)

45.1 38.7 11

Ethnicity (%)

White 87.5 77.8 16

Other 12.5 22.2 N/A

65 year or Over (%) 29.0 17.5 10

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

Table 3.3 Economic Characteristics of Lake County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

**Economic Characteristics Lake Florida Difference** 

**Lake Vs Florida**
Per Capita Income $24,418 $29,048 ($4,628)

Per Capita Earning 11,424 17,037 (5,613)

Per Capita Transfers 5,634 4,483 1,151

Income Maintenance 253 316 (63)

Unemployed Insurance 42 64 (22)

Retirement 5,337 4,103 1,234

Per Capita Dividends, Interest &

Rents 7,360 7,526 (166)

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

### 31 3.2. Alexander Springs

3.2.1. Description of Springs

Alexander Springs is located in the Ocal a National Forest near Astor Park. The

springs issue vertically from a conical depression with a larg e spring pool with a depth of

about 25 feet. The water is clear and sky-bl ue with a large boil on the pool surface over

the vent. The pool discharges directly to a run about 150 ft wide that flows northwest a

short distance, then curves north and eastw ard to the St. Johns River. Recreational

activities at Alexander Springs include camping, swimming, scuba diving, hiking,

fishing, bicycling, and canoeing. The U.S. National Park Service owns these springs.

Private concessionaires are employed to provide for the springs users and their associated

recreation. In 2002, the fee to enter these sp rings was $3 per person with an additional

camping fee. Alexander Springs is unique in having two primary users: “day visitors”

who leave when the springs close at 8p.m. and campers who average 2-day visits.

3.2.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance:

We obtained monthly attendance da ta from the U.S. Forest Service for the period

1998-2002 for day users and campers. For day users, annual attendance increased from

50, 416 in 1998 to 55,819 in 2002. However, the number of campers declined over he

same period from 27,074 in 1998 to 21,414 in 2002. The U.S. Forest Service was unable

to provide a reason for these trends.

As in the case of Silver Glen Springs, the seasonality was quite pronounced. The

quarterly attendance data provided by the U.S. Forest Service for the period 1998-2002

was analyzed to show seasonal trends (Table 3.4).

Day visitors to Alexander Spring s exhibited about the same seasonal pattern as

that for Silver Glen. Attendance is greatest between April and September of each year.

For day visitors, 77% of the demand is concentrated in the 2 nd 

### and 3 rd 

### quarters of the

year. It is quite obvious that the factors governing seasonal demand for day visitors at

Silver Glen and Alexander Springs are the same since they are only miles apart and

provide generally the same services. We hypothesized that such seasonality was

prompted by warm weather, children bein g out of school and normal vacations taken

during the summer months.

### 32 Table 3.4 Annual Attendance Estimation for Silver Glen Springs

**Quarter Months**  **Percent of Annual Attendance**



### Day Visitors Campers

1 st Jan-Mar 15% 31%

2 nd Apr-June 41% 31%

3 rd July-Sept 37% 17%

4 th Oct-Dec 7% 21%

Total 100.0% 100.0%



### In the case of campers, the seasonality is quite different (Table 3.4). The first two

quarters of the year are identical in te rms of seasonal demand running from January

through June as shown above. About 83% of the annual camper demand at Alexander

Springs takes place during the cooler m onths of the year when maximum daily

temperatures are more favorable to outdoor living. In addition, camping attendance may

be influenced by general tourism to the State of Florida where the first quarter is the peak

as people travel to Florida seeking a break from winter conditions in more northern

states.

3.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Ou tside the County – Spending, Wages and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

As with the other priority spri ngs, information from surveyed springs visitors was

combined with attendance data to derive estimates of spending, wages, and employment

generated by them. Tables A.3.1 to A.3.8 (Appendix A) contain the worksheets for the

four quarters of the year beginning in the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 and ending with the 2 nd



### quarter of 2004. Day attendance at Alexande r Spring is about 40-50% greater than at

Silver Glen Spring, also owned by the U.S. Forest Service. The economic analysis for

the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 is summarized in Tabl e A.3.1 (Appendix A). Table A.3.1 shows

that for our sample of 55 campers that th e average stay was 2.47 days. The number of

camping days per party averaged about 2.5 days for all four quarters. Based upon the

### 33 U.S. Forest Service advice, and our desire to be conservative whenever dealing with

dollar estimates, we elected to use 2 days per camper. This doubles the economic impact

of camper attendance estimates since the U.S. Park Service reports only the number of

campers and not camper days.

Table 3.5 shows a summary of the economic impact for all four quarters and

annual totals for Alexander Springs. These figures show the combined spending of both

day visitors and campers. Spending averaged about $194,000 per quarter, more than

double that estimated for Silver Glen Springs ju st to the north. Annually, visitors from

outside Lake County spent approximate ly $775,000 that supported about $170,000 in

wages and created approximately 15 jobs. This spending would include items and

services in Lake County, as well as goods and services bought through concessionaires at

the springs.

Tables A.3.2 - A.3.8 (Appendix A) show the spending by quarters broken down

by kinds of goods and services purchased. Admission fees represented one of the largest

expenditures made by visitors from outsi de Lake County. In 2002, admission to

Alexander Springs was $3 per day per person w ith camping being extra. Camping is the

main form of “recreation.” Extra charges for camping may have elevated “admission

fees” to one of the largest expenditure item shown in Table 3.5.

### 34 Table 3.5 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual

3rd 4th 1st 2 nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $211.55 $115.81 $192.47 $255.69 $775.52

Wages Created $45.14 $26.21 $43.14 $55.75 $170.24

Employment Created* 14.47 8.19 13.58 18.16 13.60

Components of Spending** Lodging $21.99 $24.04 $36.39 $39.26 $121.68
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $30.67 $15.55 $26.89 $42.43 $115.54 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $52.86 $28.01 $47.17 $78.63 $206.67

Admission Fees $56.43 $26.31 $44.24 $64.33 $191.31 Evening Entertainment $19.28 $10.13 $17.34 $13.53 $60.28 Ground Transportation $5.53 $2.46 $3.85 $2.23 $14.07 Shopping $21.53 $7.04 $12.77 $11.39 $52.73

Other $3.27 $2.26 $3.82 $3.89 $13.24

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### 3.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

For Alexander Springs, the responde nts’ willingness to pay for the use of the

resource which reflects the value of recreation. In contrast to Silver Springs, Alexander

Springs is really a common property resour ce administered for the public use by the

Federal Government. A minimum charge of only $3 per day for admission to Alexander

Springs reflects this. By quarter, people atte nding this priority springs were willing to

pay the following for use of the resource as determined by our contingent valuation

survey (Table 3.6).

Use value per day does not vary much among quarters and, with a sample of 400

observations, was not statistically different . Using $4.58 per day for use value, the

annual average for Alexander Springs, the a sset value of the resource can be estimated.

Total user days for 2002 were 55,819 for day visitors plus two times the number of

### 35 Table 3.6 Use Value for Alexander Springs

**Quarter Months**  **Willingness to Pay**

1 st Jan-Mar $4.67

2 nd Apr-June $4.54

3 rd July-Sept $4.31

4 th Oct-Dec $4.80

Annual Average **$4.58**



### campers (21,414) for a total of 98,646 days. This figure represents residents and

visitors from outside Lake County, since use va lue is created for all visitors. The annual

average ($4.58) multiplied by total use days (98,646) give an annual use value of $4.5

million. Without any change in future annual flow, we need only divide by the real

discount rate of 3%, which yields a spring resource worth of approximately $150 million.

If use value fell by 10%, for example, due to pollution or a reduction in flow, then the

resource value would be reduced by $15 million. This is how the use value of Alexander

Springs can be used in assessing environmental damages. This is an illustration of how

the Federal Government and the court system are estimating environmental damages.

Thus, such use value numbers are useful for policy decisions made by the Florida Water

Management Districts.

3.2.5. Visitor Profile

The visitor profile for Alexander Springs can be found in Appendices B and E.

3.3. Apopka Spring

3.3.1. Description of the Spring

Apopka Spring, also known a Gourd Neck Spring, is located near Clermont in

Lake County. This spring flows eastward dow n a run about 200 feet to the “gourd neck,”

a narrow arm of Lake Apopka. The spring pool is roughly circular, between 100 and 200

feet in diameter. Spring discharge is from a single submerged oval-shaped opening in the

bottom of the central part of the pool. The pool has a depth of about 35-40 feet. Title to

### 36 Apopka Spring is held by the State of Florid a as part of its Land Trust Fund. There are

no official estimates of how many peopl e use Apopka Spring for recreation.

3.3.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

Observers at various springs plac e attendance very low relative to other more

majestic springs in Central Flor ida. Apopka Spring is very near Alexander Springs and is

considered by some as a small Alexander Spring without the upkeep furnished by the

U.S. Forest Service. The Lake County Water Authority compares Apopka Spring to

Gemini Springs in neighboring Volusia Count y, and estimates that annual attendance at

Apopka Spring is not more than 10% of annual attendance at Gemini Springs (Roff,

2004). In 2002, Gemini Springs reported an attendance of 57,755 according to the

officials in Volusia County offi cials. Therefore, the estima te of annual attendance for

Apopka Spring is 5,767 or 10% of Gemini attendance. If furt her evidence indicates that

actual attendance is higher or lower, the econo mic model has been constructed so that the

economic impact estimates from this report fo r Apopka Spring can be determined by

increasing or decreasing the spending, wages, or employment by this percentage.

Tourism research experts feel that Apopka Spring would appeal to day visitors

using Alexander Springs due to their cl ose proximity (BMRG, 2004). The seasonality

figures from Alexander Springs (Table 1.2) were used to make estimates of seasonal

spending for Apopka Spring.

3.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outs ide Lake County - Spending, Wages and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

Appendix A (Tables A.4.1-A.4.8) cont ains the analyses concerning the economic

impact of Apopka Spring for the 3 rd 

### quarter 2003 to 2 nd 

### quarter 2004. Estimates indicate

that spending per quarter connected with Apopka Spring range from $4-$10 thousand

dollars and generate little wages and employ ment. Data on spending were collected

directly from those using Apopka Spring.

### 37 Table 3.7 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $8.87 $1.93 $5.04 $4.49 $28.52

Wages Created $1.87 $0.39 $1.07 $0.90 $5.94

Employment Created* 0.65 0.15 0.35 0.31 0.52

Components of Spending** Lodging $1.93 $0.32 $1.48 $1.02 $6.10
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $2.29 $0.56 $0.85 $0.90 $7.03 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $2.99 $0.69 $1.79 $1.63 $10.08

Admission Fees $0.29 $0.12 $0.11 $0.11 $1.14 Evening Entertainment $0.77 $0.10 $0.49 $0.36 $2.17 Ground Transportation $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Shopping $0.59 $0.13 $0.25 $0.33 $1.85

Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.09 $0.15 $0.24

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### Over the year, Apopka Spring generated nearly $29 thousand in spending, $6

thousand dollars in wages, and about 4 jobs (Table 3.7). These estimates could change

greatly with a better estimate of total attendance. All these estimates are adjusted to

account for just visitors from outside Lake County and assume that 72% of total users

were from outside Lake County.

3.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use of Value

As with other priority spri ngs, respondents were asked to answer a contingency

valuation question to estimate use value. For Apopka Spring, use values by quarter were

estimated (Table 3.8).

### 38 Table 3.8 Use Value for Apopka Spring **Quarter Months Willingness to Pay**

1 st Jan-Mar $4.27

2 nd Apr-June $4.32

3 rd July-Sept $4.13

4 th Oct-Dec $5.30

Annual Average **$4.51**



### As with the other priority springs, there was little variation in the estimate of use

value per day from quarter to quarter with the average being $4.51 per day. Including

residents, Apopka Spring has only 5,776 per days per year. When multiplied by the use

value per day the annual flow is $26,050 per year. Dividing this rate by the real discount

rate of 3%, the asset value for Apopka Spring was derived as $868,000. Since Gourd

Neck is part of the State of Florida land pres ervation fund, it could be listed as this figure

in present use. Conversion of this land to ot her uses could increase or decrease the asset

value of this spring’s resource.

3.3.5. Visitor Profile

Visitor profiles for Apopka Spring can be found in Appendix B and F.

3.4. Bugg Spring 2



### 3.4.1. Description of Spring

Bugg Spring is located near Okahumpka in Lake County, Florida. This spring is

in the Ocklawaha River Basin. According to the Lake County Water Authority, Bugg

Spring has always been a highly desired acquisition. However, the property surrounding

the springs is privately owned and under a long-term lease to the U.S. Navy. Bugg

Spring is classified as a potentially de velopable area for recreation. Little is known

about how many people presently use these spri ngs. If sold to Lake County, authorities

estimate that attendance mig ht be about 5% of Gemini Springs (Roff, 2004).

2 Bugg Spring is currently under a lease agreement with the U. S. Navy. There is no official data available on recreational use of the springs.

### 39 3.4.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

If developed by Lake County, it is estimated that Bugg Spring might have an

annual attendance of about 2,900 individuals or 5% of Gemini Springs nearly 58,000

attendance. Because no data exists on seasonality of spring use for Bugg Spring, the

seasonality pattern for day visitors in Alexande r Springs was applied to Bugg Spring.

3.4.3. The Economic Impact of Visitors from Outside the County- Spending; Wages and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

Presently, there is no economic activity associated with Bugg Spring. There is

only economic potential associated with the deve lopment of this area. Accordingly, the

spending by party day, by mode, and by kinds of goods and services estimated for

Apopka Spring were applied to Bugg Spring to provide spending estimates. The results

are presented by quarter in Tables A.5.1 through A.5.8 (Appendix A). A summary of

these calculations is given in Table 3.9. As Table 3.5 shows spending by a rather small

attendance will generate from $1.00 to $5.38 thousand per quarter. Annual spending will

be about $12 thousand with $2.42 thousa nd in wages and 0.21 jobs created.

### 40 Table 3.9 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Bugg Spring on Lake County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $3.69 $1.00 $2.08 $5.38 $11.66

Wages Created $0.78 $0.21 $0.45 $1.08 $2.42

Employment Created* 0.27 0.07 0.14 0.36 0.21

Components of Spending** Lodging $0.81 $0.21 $0.59 $1.15 $2.65
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $0.95 $0.28 $0.35 $1.12 $2.56 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $1.25 $0.34 $0.74 $1.94 $4.11

Admission Fees $0.12 $0.06 $0.04 $0.13 $0.32 Evening Entertainment $0.32 $0.05 $0.21 $0.46 $1.01 Ground Transportation $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Shopping $0.24 $0.06 $0.11 $0.38 $0.76

Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.03 $0.18 $0.21

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### 3.4.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value of Springs

At present, Bugg Spring is not owned by a public entity. We have no knowledge

of individuals using the spring for recreati onal purposes. As with Silver Springs, we

regard Bugg Spring as privately owned, therefore, use value does not exist.

3.4.5. Visitor Profile

Visitor profiles for Bugg Spring are not av ailable due to its private ownership, and on-site survey was not allowed in the Bugg Spring.

### 41 CHAPTER 4

VOLUSIA COUNTY, FLORIDA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF

PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS, GEMINI SPRINGS, AND GREEN SPRINGS

4.1. Economic Profile of Vo lusia County, Florida

Volusia County is located in Northeast Florida along the Atlantic Ocean. This county

contains three priority springs: Ponce de Le on, Gemini and Green. Ponce de Leon Springs is

located at or near DeLand, Florida. This priori ty spring is owned and operated by the State of

Florida and is called “De Leon Springs” by those in the state park system. Gemini Springs, near

Enterprise, Florida, is owned and operated by Volusia County. Green Springs, near DeBary,

Florida, is owned by Volusia County and has only passive recreation such as picnicking, hiking,

and bird watching.

Table 4.1 shows the growth in ma jor economic indicators for Volusia County over the

period 1990-2001 (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analys is, 2003). In terms of population growth,

Volusia County has increased by about 21 per cent from 1990 to 2001, which is about 80% of the

population growth rate for the State of Florida. This relatively slow growing county is probably

reaching the limit of some of its resources. The county is ranked 14 th 

### in the State of Florida in

population density with 416 persons per square mile (University of Florida, 2003). In 2001,

somewhat more than 450 million people lived in Volusia County (University of Florida, 2003).

Out of the 67 counties in Florida, Volusia County ranked 10 th 

### in the State of Florida in terms of

population size. Because of the relatively slow growth in population, Volusia County’s

aggregate personal income grew much slower than that of the State (Table 2.1). Volusia

County’s per capita income of $23,832 still lagged behind the State of Florida average of

$29,048 in 2001 (82% of the State average). This percentage has not changed appreciably since

1990. Per capita income is widely used by economis ts to measure the level of affluence in an

area. Volusia County has not been gaining in terms of its relative per capita income when

compared to the State of Florida average. This is generally indicative of a low paying industrial

base.

Although significant, job growth in Volusia County has not kept up with the State of

Florida average (Table 4.1). Such growth is largely a function of th e economic base of the

### 42 county (i.e., the kind of industries in the county). An important component of per capita income,

the growth of earnings per job in Volusia County, has been about the same as that of the State.

This implies there has been no a ppreciable shift in the economic base toward industries with

higher earning potential. In 2001, Volusia County’ s industrial base was co ncentrated in health

care and social assistance, tourism and other serv ices. Halifax Fish Community Health System,

for example, employs nearly 4,500 persons (Enter prise Florida, 2003). Daytona Beach and other

beaches in Volusia County attract tourist such as “spring breakers” and “sports racing

enthusiasts.” Florida Trend (April, 2004) indicates that Volusia County is engaged in a five-year

plan to bring health care and medical product s companies to the area. The large number of

retirees in Volusia County dict ates an ever-increasing demand for medical services.

Table 4.1 Growth of Selected Economic Indicators for Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 1990-2001

**1990 2001** % Change Rank of Marion County among 67 Counties in Florida (2001)

Population Growth

Volusia County 374,200 451,641 20.7 10

Florida 12,938,071 16,331,739 26.2 N/A

Aggregate Personal Income
Volusia City (Thous $) $ 6,219,227 $ 10,763,331 73.1 14

Florida (Thous $) $ 258,479,049 $ 467,188,758 80.7 N/A

Per Capita Income Growth
Volusia County ($) $ 16,620 $ 23,832 43.1 31

Florida ($) $ 19,832 $ 29,048 46.5 N/A

Wage & Salary Job Growth

Volusia County 129,660 155,505 19.9 12

Florida 5,802,287 7,655,940 31.9 N/A

Average Earnings per Job
Volusia County ($) $ 19,583 27,796 41.9 34

Florida ($) $ 22,879 32,643 42.7 N/A

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.



### Table 4.2 shows the socioeconomic profile of Volusia County which may help us further

understand the economic role of the priority sp rings. In 2001, Volusia County’s unemployment

### 43 rate was somewhat below that of Florida as a whole. This relatively tight labor market was

induced by the rapid migration of people into the county from out-of-state but also from other

congested counties in the State of Florida. As a re sult of having a high percentage of retirees, the

participation rate is exceedingly low (Table 4.2) . This implies that many “retirees” are not reentering the labor force. The median age for Volusia County (42.4 years) is well above the state

average (37.3 years) reflecting the fact that Volu sia County has a lot of older individuals. The

prominence of the retirement community is shown in the percent of the population 65 years and

older (Table 4.2). Volusia County has nearly 22% of their population in this category compared

to only 17.5% for the State of Florida.

The reason Volusia County has a lower pe r capita income than the State of Florida is

explained in the bottom of Table 4.3. In 2001, there was a $5,215 difference in the per capita

income between the State of Florida and Volu sia County mostly caused by low per capita

“earnings.” “Income” to individuals is composed of earnings transfer payments (e.g. social

security) and income from investments (e.g. stocks and bonds). Because of the higher percentage

of the population 65 and older, transfer payments such as private and public retirement helped

offset the low per capita earnings by $651 (Table 4.3). Investment income, although lower than

the state average brought into Volusia County, pr ovided additional offset to the lower per capita

income. The Volusia County economy has a higher percent of the population working in

relatively lower skilled jobs keeping the per capita income within 80-90% of that received in

Florida. Usually, such counties have a lower pa rticipation rate since retirees bring more money

in from capital investments. Volusia County depends on a low paying economic base for income

and relatively less on income from capital assets such as stocks and bonds which is balanced out

by transfer payments (e.g., retirement income).

Finally, little is known about the demand stru cture for outdoor recreational activity.

However, it appears that in Volusia County, ma ny of the population choose leisure over work.

The high dependence of the County’s economic base on tourism would emphasize the use of

springs as a form of outdoor recreation.

### 44 Table 4.2 Socioeconomic Profile of Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

**County Profile Volusia Florida**  **Rank of Volusia County Among 67** 

**Florida Counties**

Recorded Unemployment Rate (%)

4.3 4.8 37

Labor Force Participation Rate (%)

63.6 73.9 40

Poverty Rate (% of Population)

11.5 12.4 44

Median Age (Years)

42.4 38.7 18

Ethnicity (%)

White 86.0 77.8 25

Other 14.0 22.2 N/A

65 year or Over (%) 21.9 17.5 19

Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

Table 4.3 Economic Characteristics of Volusia County, Florida Containing Three Priority Springs, 2001

**Economic Characteristics Volusia Florida Difference** 

**Volusia Vs Florida**
Per Capita Income $23,832 $29,048 ($5,215)

Per Capita Earning 11,841 17,037 (5,196)

Per Capita Transfers 5,134 4,483 651

Income Maintenance 279 316 (37)

Unemployed Insurance 52 64 (12)

Retirement 4,803 4,103 700

Per Capita Dividends, Interest &

Rents 6,856 7,526 (670)
Source: Regional Economic Information System, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CD Rom-2003.

### 45 4.2. Ponce de Leon Springs

4.2.1. Description of the Springs

Ponce de Leon Springs is about 7 miles north of DeLand, Florida. The springs

area is semicircular in shape and is about 170 feet in diameter. The depth of the pool

ranges from about 29 feet to approximately 41 feet. These springs are a State of Florida

park that is operated by an independent contractor. Activities at Ponce de Leon Springs

include swimming, boating, fishing, hiking, canoeing, paddleboat rentals and scuba

diving (with special permission). As in c ontrast with Alexander Springs discussed in

Chapter 3, no camping is allowed in or near Ponce de Leon Springs. The listed acreage

for Ponce de Leon Springs State Park is 592 acres.

4.2.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

We obtained annual and seasonal attendance data from the Office of Park

Planning, State of Florida for the period 1990- 2002. This was the longest time series we

were able to get among the eight priority springs under study. Annual attendance at

Ponce de Leon Springs for selected intervals showed in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4
Annual Attendance Trend 1990-2002, Ponce de Leon Springs



### Year Annual Attendance

1990 193,858

1992 213,482

1994 209,714

1996 209, 563

1998 221,085

2000 255,154

2002 258,474

Over the 1990-2002 period, attendance incr eased by 64,616 individuals, reflecting

an increase of 33%. With rather finite resour ces at the springs, the attendance growth rate

may not be sustained. Using spreadsheet analyses, we analyzed the seasonal pattern of

### 46 individuals attending the park for 13 year s of data and found the following seasonal

pattern in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5 Annual Attendance Estimation for Ponce de Leon Springs

**Quarter Months Percent of Annual Attendance**

1 st Jan-Mar 21%

2 nd Apr-June 33%

3 rd July-Sept 34%

4 th Oct-Dec 12%

Total 100.0%



### These seasonality factors were highly consistent throughout the 1990-2002 period

(i.e., year to year variations in percentages were nominal and any outliers were eliminated

from the statistical analyses). The pattern is familiar in that the peak of spring attendance

is from April through September. That is, 67% of annual attendance is accounted for by

these six months of the year. In contrast, th e seasonal peak for South and part of Central

Florida (e.g., Tampa) is in the first quarter of the year. It appears that seasonal peaks in

the case of springs may be based upon childre n being out of school with families visiting

on normally planned vacations during summer pe riods. Also, visitors to Ponce de Leon

Springs come not only from out of state, but also from surrounding Florida counties,

which further influences the seasonal analyses . Note that Volusia County is one of the

first counties encountered when entering Florida via I-95 on the east coast, and

consequently it is also one of the last counties encountered as visitors leave Florida via

this venue. Therefore, we would expect visitors from outside Florida to be well

represented among the users of Ponce de Leon Springs.

4.2.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outs ide the County – Spending, Wages, and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

The individual quarters along with a ssociated economic indicators are included in

Appendix A, Tables A.6.1 through Tables A.6.8. The economic impact of direct

spending by visitors from outside Volusia County varies from a high of approximately

### 47 $795 thousand in the 3 rd 

### period of 2003 to a low of $263 thousand in the 4 th 

### quarter of the

same year (Table 4.6). This spending fo llows the seasonal pattern discussed above,

where the 3 rd 

### quarter has the highest attendance while the 4 th 

### quarter has the lowest

attendance. For the entire year, sp ending reached $2.18 million generating $425

thousand in wages and salaries and approximate ly 36 full and part time jobs. Of the eight

priority springs, Ponce de Leon Springs wa s found to have received the second most

spending from visitors from outside the county.

Table 4.6 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $794.89 $263.05 $494.47 $633.03 $2,185.44

Wages Created $155.94 $51.55 $97.06 $121.05 $425.60

Employment Created* 52.41 18.16 33.18 40.70 36.11

Components of Spending** Lodging $103.53 $25.56 $71.68 $62.70 $263.47
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $222.02 $91.77 $144.08 $142.49 $600.36 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $137.06 $45.85 $94.75 $116.98 $394.64

Admission Fees $67.95 $23.41 $40.25 $51.08 $182.69 Evening Entertainment $137.39 $27.29 $70.17 $76.18 $311.03 Ground Transportation $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Shopping $106.62 $41.36 $59.23 $58.70 $265.91

Other $20.32 $7.81 $14.31 $19.38 $61.82

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### 4.2.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

Entrance fees to de Leon Springs are only $4 per car having up to eight people.

The resource is really owned by the State of Florida and can be regarded as a common

property resource similar to bass in a lake or beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore,

both residents of Volusia County and thos e coming to Ponce de Leon Springs from

### 48 outside the county derive use value from th e resource. With our contingent value

question, for the 400 people sampled over the four quarters, the average use value was

$4.37 per day with a high of $4.74 in the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 and a low of $3.60 in the 4 th



### quarter of the same year. Multiplying th e annual attendance of 259,000 by the average

use value of $4.37, we obtain an annual aggr egate flow of recreational value at $1.13

million. If this flow continued into the future, we would be able to de rive that asset value

of the natural resources at the springs by dividi ng by an interest rate of 3%. This would

amount to $37.7 million. The reader should not e that the $37.7 million is the asset value

of the land, water and general springs when used for recreational purposes. This analysis

does not address the issue of a lternative uses such as residential development, etc.

4.2.5. Visitor Profile

The Visitor profile for Ponce de Leon Sp rings can be found in Appendices B and

G.

4.3. Gemini Springs:

4.3.1. Description of Springs

The 210 acres Gemini Springs was purchased in 1994 through the combined

effort of Volusia County, the Trust for P ublic Lands and the St. Johns River Water

Management District. Approximately 6.5 million gallons of water bubble up from

Gemini’s two springs each day. Gemini Springs is located between the town of

Enterprise and the city of DeBary. Many ty pes of wildlife and vegetation can be observed

at Gemini Springs. Biking, canoeing and picnicking are the recreational activities of

choice since swimming is presently not permitted (i.e., see below for a further discussion

of swimming) and fishing is allowed only from the docks.

4.3.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

Gemini Springs has only been a recrea tionally active spring for a few years. Data

on attendance were obtained from Leisure Se rvices, Volusia County from 1998-2002. In

1998, over 100,000 persons visited Gemini Springs, but since then there was a decided

decline in estimated attendance to only 57,755 indi viduals. Officials at Leisure Services

### 49 indicated that the reason for the declining attendance is because the swimming area was

closed since June 8, 2001 due to high bacteria levels. Numerous actions have been taken

to improve the water quality, but no long te rm solution has been achieved. Officials from

Volusia County provided their estimate of se asonal attendance at Gemini Springs with

the following seasonal pattern observed in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 Annual Attendance Estimation for Gemini Springs

**Quarter Months Percent of Annual Attendance**

1 st Jan-Mar 19.7%

2 nd Apr-June 39.7%

3 rd July-Sept 23.9%

4 th Oct-Dec 16.7%

Total 100.0%



### This seasonal attendance follows the familiar pattern of the other springs in that

nearly 64% of annual demand ta kes place during the second two quarters of the year. It

is consistent with our hypot heses that spring’s seasonality is governed by traditional

vacations in the summer with children being out of school.

4.3.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Ou tside the County – Spending; Wages and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually:

Gemini Springs exhibited a peak in spending in 2 nd 

### quarter of 2004 by out of

county visitors of over $156 thousand which coincides with peak seasonal attendance

(Table 4.8). The lowest spending during the last 12 months was in the 4 th 

### quarter of 2003

with reported spending at just a little under $50 thousand. This also coincides with the

pattern of annual attendance. Direct spe nding by people connected with Gemini springs

from outside Volusia County on an annual ba sis was estimated at about $333 thousand

dollars. This generated wages and salaries of about $69 thousand and approximately 7

full and part time jobs in Volusia County. When swimming recreati on returns to Gemini

Springs, it is expected that attendance will return to the level of annual visitation as

reported for 1998.

### 50 Table 4.8 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Gemini Springs on Volusia County, Florida, 2003-2004

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $70.44 $47.36 $58.33 $156.74 $332.87

Wages Created $13.50 $9.54 $12.25 $33.62 $68.91

Employment Created* 4.63 3.39 4.37 12.65 6.26

Components of Spending** Lodging $8.89 $2.86 $5.61 $14.93 $32.29
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $21.15 $18.39 $23.54 $76.00 $139.08 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $10.26 $6.38 $5.12 $18.30 $40.06

Admission Fees $7.89 $5.65 $6.65 $12.38 $32.57 Evening Entertainment $6.12 $5.00 $6.95 $11.07 $29.14 Ground Transportation $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Shopping $12.95 $7.02 $6.79 $15.50 $42.26

Other $3.17 $2.06 $3.67 $8.56 $17.46

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### 4.3.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

Over the four quarters under study, 400 individuals were surveyed about their

willingness to pay for recreation at Gemini Springs. The admission fee to Gemini

Springs is $3.50 per vehicle carrying up to 8 people or about $.45 per person day.

Willingness to pay for recrea tion at Gemini Springs varied from $5.58 per person

day in the 3 rd 

### quarter of 2003 to as little as $4.20 in the 4 th 

### quarter of 2004. The average

use value for the 400 Gemini Springs users surveyed was $4.68. When multiplied by the

2002 annual attendance of 57,755, we obtained an annual aggregate use value of a little

over $270,000 per year. If this flow of use va lue was uninterrupted over time, then the

asset value of Gemini Spring s would be about $9 million.

4.3.5. Visitor Profile

A visitor profile for Gemini Springs can be found in Appendices B and H.

### 51 4.4. Green Springs

4.4.1. Description of the Spring

Green Springs is near Osteen. Volusia County owns the property and is now in

the design stage of this project. Construction started this year to improve the site which

will be geared to such passive recreational activities as walking/hiking trails and

picnicking areas. It will also serve as a tr ailhead for an upcoming rail to trails project

adjacent to the site. Swimming will not be allowed. The site is much smaller than

Gemini Springs and, according to Volusia County Leisure Services, Green Springs will

never lend itself to a large number of visitors. Currently, it is not very accessible to the

public according to the Director of Leisure Services for Volusia County (Apgar, 2003).

Green Springs has no recreational value at th is time although people are free to use the

springs providing they can get there.

4.4.2. Annual and Seasonal Attendance

Green Springs will be treated the sa me way as Apopka Spring and Buggs Spring.

In these cases, they were posed as devel oping springs with minimum attendance today.

Our discussion above on Green Springs indicat ed it will only attract a fraction of the

attendance of Gemini Springs when fully developed. To estimate future economic

development at Green Springs attendance was assumed to be 25% of that now existing at

Gemini Springs. We also assume that this attendance will occur sometime after the

renovation. Using our 25% rule, estimated a nnual attendance woul d be 14,439 (i.e., 25%

of 57,755 for Gemini) in 2005 or sometime later.

With respect to seasonality, Green Springs is expected to be similar to Gemini

Springs catering to more visitors during th e middle six months of the year, which has

been a recurring theme for springs.

4.4.3. Economic Impact of Visitors from Outs ide the County – Spending, Wages, and

Employment Generated by Quarter and Annually

Based on an attendance of a little under 15,000 per year and th e same seasonality

and economic parameters from Gemini Spring s (e.g., spending per person per day),

### 52 spending by people from outside Volusia C ounty is estimated at nearly $38 thousand in

the 2 nd 

### quarter of 2005 or 2006 when Green Springs is properly improved and advertised

as available to the public. As expected, this high in spending among quarters of the year

is dictated by the seasonality factor wher e nearly 40% of annual demand takes place in

the 2 nd 

### quarter shown in Table 4.9. Almost $12 t housand is expected to be spent in the

depressed seasonality of the 4 th 

### quarter by the out of county visitors. Annual spending at

Green Springs is projected at a little over $81 t housand. On an annual basis, the spending

generates a little under $17 thousand in wages and salaries supporting 2 full and part time

jobs. The nature and size of Green Springs makes Leisure Services officials doubtful that

this area will ever reach the attendance now present at nearby Gemini Springs.

Table 4.9 Quarterly and Annual Economic Impact of Out of County Visitors to Green Spring, Volusia County, Florida

2003 2003 2004 2004 Annual
3rd 4th 1st 2nd (03-04)
July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-June 4 Quarters Economic Indicators (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $) (Thous $)

Direct Spending $17.60 $11.83 $14.58 $37.54 $81.55

Wages Created $3.37 $2.38 $3.06 $8.06 $16.87

Employment Created* 1.16 0.85 1.09 3.03 1.53

Components of Spending** Lodging $2.22 $0.71 $1.40 $3.61 $7.94
Food & Beverages (Restaurant) $5.29 $4.60 $5.88 $18.16 $33.93 Food & Beverages (Groceries) $2.57 $1.60 $1.28 $4.20 $9.65

Admission Fees $1.97 $1.41 $1.66 $3.01 $8.05 Evening Entertainment $1.53 $1.25 $1.74 $2.69 $7.21 Ground Transportation $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Shopping $3.24 $1.75 $1.70 $3.78 $10.47

Other $0.78 $0.51 $0.92 $2.09 $4.30

* Full and Part time Jobs, in units, not in thousands. ** Rounding errors may occur. Source: Quarterly detail shown in Appendix A; Survey by Bonn Marketing, Inc.



### 4.4.4. Recreational and Aesthetic Use Value

Based upon the correspondence with Leisure Services in Volusia County, few if

any people presently use Green Springs for recreation. There are no barriers to enter

### 53 Green Springs so some individuals probably go there and derive some recreational use

value from this area. Because of the sparse attendance and the early stage of

development, it is not worth the effort to get data on willingness to pay or use value of

Green Springs. Since the present use value per person day of Green Springs is not known

and attendance is but conjecture, we were unable to measure the aggregate recreational

flow and/or the asset value of this area.

4.4.5. Visitor Profile

A visitor profile for Green Springs cannot be obtained due to its early development stage, and no recreational activities in the springs are available yet.

### 54 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY

During 2003-2004, nearly 2,300 visitors to select ed priority springs were interviewed in

order to better understand the ec onomic value natural springs ha ve to local economies and the

importance these natural resource s have to the quality of life of Florida residents and nonresidents. Study results indicated that the eigh t priority springs generated an economic impact of

over $65 million. Silver Springs, which has a larg e theme park in conjunction with the natural

springs environment, accounted for 94% of this total economic impact. Non-county visitation to

these eight springs was estimated at 1.85 million a nd attendance varied considerably due to

ownership (private vs. public) a nd level of on-site development (i .e., infrastructure). The most

heavily visited spring studied in this project was Silver Springs, which had an estimated 767,200

non-county visitors annually, representing 71% of the total. Bugg Spring, a privately owned

spring, was estimated to attract 1,756 non-county visito rs annually. This represented the lowest

number of non-county springs visitors among th e study sample. The study documented that

over $13 million in wages and 1,123 jobs were generated by visitor spending. Visitor spending

by category indicated “Admissions” ($16.24 million), “Restaurants” ($14.29 million),

“Shopping” ($11.80 million) and “Lodging” ($9.12 milli on) accounted for approximately 85% of

all visitor spending (Tables 5.1 and 5.2).

Study results of 2,298 interviewed visitors to selected priority springs suggested the

following representative market profile (Table 5.3 ). The most prevalent springs visitor was a

married (76.6%), Caucasian (80.9%) female (57.5%), having some co llege education or a college

degree (43.6%), living in a household earning between $50,000 - $79,999 annually (39.5%).

The most prevalent springs visitor spent an average of $64.96 per party per day, spent 1.4

days visiting the springs with 3.5 persons per part y. An interesting finding was that 63% of each

party was represented by non-count y residents, suggesting that locals often have a very high

level of influence upon visitors and their decision to visit springs. This was further substantiated

by documenting that 18.8% of springs visitors hear d about those springs from friends and family.

Also, 45.8% of all respondents indicated they woul d likely return to the springs within the next

six months. Over 72% of all respondents were identified as repeat springs visitors.

Overall, respondents indicated their main pur poses for visiting the springs were to “enjoy

the outdoors” (60.7%) and to “spend time with family” (23.2%). “Picnicking” (62.2%),

### 55 “swimming” (38.2%), “viewing wildlife” (20.9 %), “fishing” (18.2%) and “boating” (17.4%)

represented the top five visitor activities associated with spring visits.

By far, the typical springs visitor was a Fl orida resident (66.8%) living in those counties

where the springs were located. Non-Florida resi dents represented 38 different states with New

York (3.8%), Pennsylvania (2.6%), Michigan ( 2.0%), Massachusetts (1.9%), and Ohio (1.6%)

accounting for the greatest numbers of non-Florid a U.S. residents (Table 5.3). International

visitors accounted for 5.1% of all total visitors (Table 5.3).

In order to evaluate overall visitor satisf action with the springs experience, respondents

were asked to indicate on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being poor and 5 being excellent, how satisfied

they were with their visit. Overall, springs visitors rated their expe rience as a 4.22 indicating a

high level of satisfaction.

An important part of this study was to obtain information about willingness to pay for

an opportunity to access privately owned natural sp rings. Individuals were asked how much they

were willing to spend on the entrance fee for each visit to privately owned natural springs if they

knew the money would be used to protect those natural springs. Results indicated that on

average, individuals would be willing to pay $4.5 0 to enter privately owned springs currently

with no public access. This has far reachin g implications for potential public-private

management scenarios in Florida.

### 56 Table 5.1 Total Economic Impact for Eight Priority Springs

**Total Visitor Spending**  ( in thousands ) **Wages** (in thousands) **Employment**

Marion County
Silver Glen Springs 27,471 348.76 66.37 5.63

Silver Springs 767,200 61,460.00 12,610.00 1,060.50
Lake County
Alexander Springs 52,519 775.52 170.24 13.60

Apopka Spring 4,064 28.62 5.94 0.52

Bugg Spring 1,756 11.68 2.42 0.21
Volusia County
Ponce de Leon Springs 186,480 2,079.92 100.88 35.00

Gemini Springs 36,964 332.87 68.91 6.26

Green Springs 9,241 81.55 16.87 1.53

**Total 1,085,695**  **$65,118.92 $13,041.63**  **1,123.25**57Table 5.2 Visitor Spending Categories for Eight Priority Springs(in thousands)Lodging RestaurantGroceriesAdmissionEveningEntertainmentGroundTransportation Shopping Other**Total**Marion CountySilver Glen Springs $16.72$75.63$124.40$71.44$18.85$0.99 $22.31$18.42**$348.76**Silver Springs 8,670.0013,320.002,940.0015,760.001,920.004,330.00 11,400.003,120.00**61,460.00**Lake CountyAlexander Springs 121.68115.54206.67191.3160.2814.07 52.7313.24**775.52**Apopka Spring 6.107.0310.081.142.170.00 1.850.24**28.61**Bugg Spring 2.652.564.110.321.010.00 0.760.21**11.62**Volusia CountyPonce de Leon Springs263.47600.36394.64182.69311.030.00 265.9161.82**2,079.92**Gemini Springs 32.29139.0840.0632.5729.140.00 42.2617.46**332.86**Green Springs 7.9433.939.658.057.320.00 10.474.30**81.66 Total** **$9,120.85 $14,294.13** **$3,729.61 $16,247.52** **$2,349.80 $4,345.06 $11,796.29** **$3,235.69 $65,118.95** **Overall Visitor Profile for Eight Priority Springs TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size =2298** 58Table 5.3**Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?** 2003-2004 $64.96 1.4 3.5 2.2 33.1% 45.8% 13.7% 7.5% Yes 27.5% No 72.5%**Top Visitor County Origin**Florida Resident 66.8%Volusia 17.7Lake 15.8Marion 14.4Seminole 3.5Polk 3.1Non Florida Resident – U.S. 28.1%New York 3.8Pennsylvania 2.6Michigan 2.0Massachusetts 1.9Ohio 1.6Non Florida Resident–International5.1%**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 60.7%Spending time with family 23.2Enjoy the wildlife 8.8Entertaining guests 7.3**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 68.9%Family/Friends 18.8Internet 6.7Brochure 5.8**Educatio n** **Total Sex** **Total Marital Status** **Total Ethnicity** **Total Income** **Total**Some College/College Grad 43.6% Male 42.5% Married 76.6% Caucasian 80.9% Under $20,000 4.4%Post Graduate Degree 14.3 Female 57.5 Single 18.4 Hispanic 5.6 $20,000-$49,999 26.2High School Graduate 11.5 Divorced/Widowed 3.7 African-American 12.0 $50,000-$79,999 39.5Technical School 26.2 No Answer 1.3 Other 1.5 $80,000 or More 14.8**Average Daily Expenditures**Restaurants $14.89Admission Fees12.92Groceries 9.64Shopping 8.99Lodging 8.79Evening Entertainment 4.14Ground Transportation 2.81Other Items 2.78Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $64.96**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 62.2%Swimming 38.2View Wildlife 20.9Fishing 18.2Boating 17.4Photography 12.8Water Sports 9.0Snorkeling 8.5Scuba Diving 6.0Archeology3.1**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 70.8%Locally 23.6Another County5.6**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 68.1%Hotel/Motel 4.9Private Home 9.9Other 6.8Campground 10.3**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.22** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.52**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.50** 

### 59 REFERENCES

Apgar, William (2003). Director, Volusia Count y Leisure Services Department, personal

conversation.

Bell, Frederick, Mark A. Bonn, and V. R. Leew orthy (1998). Economic Impact and Importance

of Artificial Reefs in Northw est Florida. Office of Fisheries Management and Assistance Service, Florida Department of Environmen tal Administration. Contract Number MR235, 1998.

Bonn Marketing Research Group, Inc. ( 2003). 2003 Annual Visitor’s Study for Tampa/Hillsborough County. Prepared for Tampa Bay Convention & Visitors Bureau, Inc.,

2003.

Bonn, Mark A. and Fredrick W. Bell (2003). Econo mic Impact of Selected Florida Springs and Surrounding Local Areas. FDEP, Division of Spring s, Florida Springs Task Force. Technical
Report.

Bonn, Mark A. and Fredrick W. Bell (2002). Economic Development Potential Through 2015

for the Suwannee River Counties in Florida.

Enterprise Florida, Inc. (2003). Volusia County Profile, 2003.

Florida Trend (2004). Ec onomic Yearbook 2004, (April).

Johns, Grace, Robert Leeworthy, F. W. Bell, and M. A. Bonn (2001). So cioeconomic Study of Reefs in Southeast Florida, Final Report. Spons ored by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation

Commission. NOAA and the Florida Counties of Miami-Dade; Palm Be ach; Broward and

Monroe.

Roff, R. (2004). Lake County Water Authority, Senior Environmenta l Specialist. Personal

conversation.

Shifflet, D.K. and Associates ( 2003). Visit Florida Annual Report 2003.

Tooley, Patricia (2003). Pers onal correspondence on Septembe r 19,2003. Lake George Ranger
District, U.S. Fo rest Service.

University of Florida (2003). 2003 Florida St atistical Abstract, Gainesville, Florida, 2003.

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regiona l Economic Information System, CD Rom-2003.

### 60 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: QUARTERLY VISITO R ECONOMIC IMPACT FOR EIGHT

PRIORITY SPRINGS

APPENDIX B: QUARTERLY VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX C: SILVER GLEN SPRINGS VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX D: SILVER SPRINGS VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX E: ALEXANDER SPRINGS VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX F: APOPKA SPRING VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX G: PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX H: GEMINI SPRINGS VISITOR PROFILE

APPENDIX I: FLORIDA SPRINGS SURVEY INSTRUMENT

### 61 Appendix A: Quarterly Visitor Economic Impact for Eight Priority Springs

Table A.1.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 39,235 0.43 0.7 11,809.7

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 3% 295 3.8 3.8

Friends and Family 17 9% 1,004 3.4 4.2

Camping 0 0% 0 0.0 0.0

Condominiums & Others 47 24% 2,775 3.4 2.4

Day Visitors 131 66% 7,735 3.4 1.0

Total 200 100% 11,810

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $85.80 $22.58

Friends and Family $41.18 $12.11

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $54.06 $15.90

Day Visitors $37.13 $10.92

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $6,666.28 $1,596.79 0.56

Friends and Family $12,158.12 $2,291.15 0.74

Camping $0.00 $0 0

Condominiums & Others $44,127.07 $6,841.29 2.19

Day Visitors $84,474.86 $17,073.89 5.75 **Total $147,426.34 $27,803.12**  **9.24**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 62 Table A.1.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter(July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $5,372 0.48 $1,332

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $28,401 3.34 $7,725

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $49,887 1.57 $4,988

Admission Fees $32,839 2.66 $9,260

Evening Entertainment $9,004 0.74 $2,539

Ground Transportation $989 0.01 $52.00

Shopping $9,994 0.21 $910

All Other $10,951 0.23 $997

**All $147,437 9.24**  **$27,803**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 63 Table A.1.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 39,235 0.06 0.4 641.6

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 2 2% 19 4.0 3.0

Friends and Family 5 5% 47 4.0 3.8

Camping 0 0% 0 0.0 0.0

Condominiums & Others 18 18% 169 3.5 2.7

Day Visitors 75 75% 706 3.5 1.0

Total 100 100% 942

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $89.50 $22.38

Friends and Family $30.40 $7.60

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $35.50 $10.14

Day Visitors $40.25 $11.60

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $421.88 $95.07 0.03

Friends and Family $357.82 $79.43 0.03

Camping $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Condominiums & Others $1,719.17 $336.45 0.11

Day Visitors $8,191.86 $1,599.44 0.53 **Total $10,690.23 $2,110.39**  **0.70**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 64 Table A.1.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $285 0.03 $71

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $1,948 0.23 $530

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $3,383 0.11 $338

Admission Fees $2,821 0.23 $796

Evening Entertainment $898 0.07 $253

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $865 0.02 $79

All Other $486 0.01 $44

**All $10,686 0.70**  **$2,111**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 65 Table A.1.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 39,235 0.07 0.5 1,373.2

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 3 3% 41 4.0 2.0

Friends and Family 7 7% 96 4.0 3.3

Camping 0 0% 0 0.0 0.0

Condominiums & Others 15 15% 206 3.1 2.5

Day Visitors 75 75% 1,030 3.4 1.0

Total 100 100% 1,373

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $118.66 $29.67

Friends and Family $23.86 $5.97

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $53.07 $17.29

Day Visitors $40.50 $11.88

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $1,222.10 $276.14 0.10

Friends and Family $573.39 $118.58 0.04

Camping $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Condominiums & Others $3,560.77 $590.98 0.19

Day Visitors $12,232.17 $2,326.42 0.79 **Total $17,588.43 $3,312.12**  **1.12**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 66 Table A.1.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $743 0.07 $184

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $3,491 0.41 $949

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $6,276 0.20 $628

Admission Fees $3,709 0.30 $1,046

Evening Entertainment $1,043 0.09 $294

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $1,022 0.02 $93

All Other $1,304 0.03 $118

**All $17,588 1.12**  **$3,312**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 67 Table A.1.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 39,235 0.44 0.7 12,084.4

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 483 4.0 2.5

Friends and Family 10 10% 1,208 4.3 3.0

Camping 0 0% 0 0.0 0.0

Condominiums & Others 22 22% 2,659 3.1 2.6

Day Visitors 64 64% 7,734 3.4 1.0

Total 100 100% 12,084

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $120.50 $30.13

Friends and Family $37.70 $8.77

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $68.36 $22.41

Day Visitors $37.13 $10.79

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $16,041.50 $4,005.39 1.47

Friends and Family $10,591.07 $2,408.36 0.83

Camping $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Condominiums & Others $59,596.47 $10,741.63 3.81

Day Visitors $86,827.64 $15,997.37 5.36 **Total $173,056.68 $33,152.75**  **11.47**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 68 Table A.1.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Glen Springs, Marion County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $10,320 0.92 $2,559

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) 41,793 4.91 $11,368

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $64,852 2.00 $6,485

Admission Fees $32,072 2.62 $9,044

Evening Entertainment $7,908 0.65 $2,230

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $10,425 0.21 $949

All Other $5,687 0.12 $518

**All $173,057 11.43**  **$33,153**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 69 Table A.2.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 1,096,000 0.27 0.7 207,144.0

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 54 30% 61,800 3.56 4.81

Friends and Family 52 29% 59,511 2.38 9.00

Camping 2 1% 2,289 3.50 5.50

Condominiums & Others 10 6% 11,444 3.70 6.78

Day Visitors 63 35% 72,100 3.40 1.00

Total 181 100% 207,144

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $320.74 $90.10

Friends and Family $259.81 $109.16

Camping $236.50 $67.57

Condominiums & Others $212.30 $57.38

Day Visitors $212.79 $62.59

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending (Mil) Wages (Mil) Employment

Hotel and Motels $5.57 $1.22 416

Friends and Family $6.49 $1.14 390

Camping $0.16 $0.04 12

Condominiums & Others $0.67 $0.15 49

Day Visitors $4.51 $0.96 310

**Total $17.40 $3.51**  **1,177**

Source: D.K. Shifflet and Associates; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 70 Table A.2.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $2,054,959 184 $509,629

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $3,929,551 462 $1,068,838

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $740,297 24 $74,029

Admission Fees $4,235,826 346 $1,194,503

Evening Entertainment $610,688 49 $172,214

Ground Transportation $1,329,062 20 $69,111

Shopping $3,509,718 72 $319,384

All Other $977,711 20 $88,972

**All $17,387,812 1,177**  **$3,496,680**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 71 Table A.2.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 1,096,000 0.2 0.7 153,440.0

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 20 23% 34,873 3.2 5.1

Friends and Family 13 15% 22,667 2.2 5.7

Camping 2 2% 3,487 3.5 5.5

Condominiums & Others 8 9% 13,949 3.6 3.9

Day Visitors 45 51% 78,464 2.8 1.0

Total 88 100% 153,440

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $319.25 $99.77

Friends and Family $395.54 $183.97

Camping $236.50 $67.57

Condominiums & Others $172.63 $47.56

Day Visitors $224.74 $80.26

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending (Mil) Wages (Mil) Employment

Hotel and Motels $3.48 $0.76 259

Friends and Family $4.17 $0.68 233

Camping $0.24 $0.06 19

Condominiums & Others $0.67 $0.16 53

Day Visitors $6.30 $1.42 463

**Total $14.86 $3.08**  **1,027**

Source: D.K. Shifflet and Associates; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 72 Table A.2.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,536,972 138 $381,169

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $3,302,731 388 $898,343

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $625,316 20 $62,532

Admission Fees $4,152,264 339 $1,170,938

Evening Entertainment $646,674 53 $182,362

Ground Transportation $1,006,428 15 $52,334

Shopping $2,905,081 60 $264,362

All Other $670,599 14 $61,025

**All $14,846,065 1,027**  **$3,073,065**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 73 Table A.2.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 1,096,000 0.25 0.7 191,800.0

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 12 17% 32,417 2.8 2.0

Friends and Family 7 10% 18,910 4.4 5.0

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 29 41% 78,341 2.7 6.9

Day Visitors 23 32% 62,132 3.5 1.0

Total 71 100% 191,800

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $392.66 $138.75

Friends and Family $244.15 $55.11

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $286.24 $107.61

Day Visitors $265.29 $76.23

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending (Mil) Wages (Mil) Employment

Hotel and Motels $4.50 $0.82 271

Friends and Family $1.04 $0.15 49

Camping $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Condominiums & Others $8.43 $1.90 657

Day Visitors $4.74 $0.92 316

**Total $18.71 $3.79**  **1,293**

Source: D.K. Shifflet and Associates; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 74 Table A.2.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $4,067,718 365 $1,008,794

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $3,733,354 439 $1,015,472

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $889,107 28 $88,910

Admission Fees $3,786,706 309 $1,067,851

Evening Entertainment $535,470 44 $151,003

Ground Transportation $1,582,331 24 $82,281

Shopping $3,100,238 64 $282,122

All Other $1,011,782 21 $92,072

**All $18,706,706 1,294**  **$3,788,505**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 75 Table A.2.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to
Marion 1,096,000 0.27 0.7 207,144.0

Visitors from Outside Marion County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 7 15% 31,522 3.05 2

Friends and Family 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 27 59% 121,585 3 4

Day Visitors 12 26% 54,038 3.17 1

Total 46 100% 207,144

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $173.72 $56.96

Friends and Family $0.00 $0.00

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $135.66 $45.22

Day Visitors $136.42 $43.03

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending (Mil) Wages (Mil) Employment

Hotel and Motels $2.67 $0.47 154

Friends and Family $0.00 $0.00 0

Camping $0.00 $0.00 0

Condominiums & Others $5.50 $1.23 413

Day Visitors $2.32 $0.54 178

**Total $10.49 $2.24**  **745**

Source: D.K. Shifflet and Associates; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 76 Table A.2.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Silver Springs, Marion County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,009,105 90 $250,258

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $2,360,234 277 $641,984

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $677,935 22 $67,793

Admission Fees $3,579,262 292 $1,009,352

Evening Entertainment $116,747 10 $32,923

Ground Transportation $408,750 6 $21,255

Shopping $1,877,911 38 $170,890

All Other $464,902 10 $42,306

**All $10,494,846 745**  **$2,236,761**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 77 Table A.3.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident – Day Visitors 55,819 0.37 0.68 14,044.1
Non-Resident – Camping 21,414 0.17 0.68 2,475.5

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 3% 387 3.0 2.0

Friends and Family 20 14% 1,937 3.9 2.5

Condominiums & Others 1 1% 97 3.0 1.0

Day Visitors 120 83% 11,623 3.7 1.0
Subtotal 145 100% 14,044

Camping 55 100% 4,951 3.9 2.5

Estimated Spending per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $47.75 $15.92

Friends and Family $29.65 $7.70

Condominiums & Others $9.00 $3.00

Day Visitors $37.03 $10.12

Camping $56.74 $14.66

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $6,160 $1,556 0.49

Friends and Family $14,917 $2,986 0.95

Condominiums & Others $291 $86 0.02

Day Visitors $117,596 $23,747 7.93
Subtotal $138,964 $28,375 9.39

Camping $72,589 $16,762 5.08

**Total $211,553 $45,137**  **14.47**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 78 Table A.3.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $21,990 1.80 $7,015

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $30,668 4.00 $7,943

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $52,855 1.67 $5,127

Admission Fees $56,432 4.74 $16,647

Evening Entertainment $19,276 1.62 $5,686

Ground Transportation $5,530 0.08 $288

Shopping $21,532 0.48 $2,110

All Other $3,272 0.08 $321

**All $211,555 14.47**  **$45,137**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 79 Table A.3.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident – Day Visitors 55,819 0.07 0.68 2,657.0
Non-Resident – Camping 21,414 0.21 0.68 3,058.0

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Friends and Family 10 14% 380 4.2 3.1

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 60 86% 2,277 3.6 1.0
Subtotal 70 100% 2,657

Camping 30 100% 6,116 4.1 2.9

Estimated Spending per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $0.00 $0.00

Friends and Family $30.90 $7.36

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $41.46 $11.42

Camping $57.90 $14.23

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $0 $0 0.00

Friends and Family $2,796 $554 0.17

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $26,007 $5,155 1.77
Subtotal $28,803 $5,709 1.94

Camping $87,006 $20,495 6.25

**Total $115,809 $26,204**  **8.19**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 80 Table A.3.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $24,043 1.97 $7,670

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $15,551 2.03 $4,028

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $28,010 0.89 $2,717

Admission Fees $26,310 2.21 $7,762

Evening Entertainment $10,132 0.85 $2,989

Ground Transportation $2,458 0.03 $128

Shopping $7,043 0.16 $690

All Other $2,263 0.05 $222

**All $115,810 8.19**  **$26,206**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 81 Table A.3.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident – Day Visitors 55,819 0.15 0.68 5,693.5
Non-Resident – Camping 21,414 0.31 0.68 4,514.0

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 1 1% 80 3.0 2.0

Friends and Family 7 10% 561 3.1 2.0

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 63 89% 5,052 3.6 1.0
Subtotal 71 100% 5,694

Camping 29 100% 9,028 4.0 2.4

Estimated Spending per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $24.00 $8.00

Friends and Family $21.43 $6.82

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $41.46 $11.42

Camping $57.90 $14.58

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $640 $189 0.05

Friends and Family $2,464 $499 0.14

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $57,702 $11,439 3.93
Subtotal $60,806 $12,127 4.12

Camping $131,668 $31,015 9.46

**Total $192,474 $43,142**  **13.58**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 82 Table A.3.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $36,385 2.98 $11,607

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $26,899 3.51 $6,967

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $47,168 1.49 $4,575

Admission Fees $44,238 3.71 $13,050

Evening Entertainment $17,343 1.47 $5,116

Ground Transportation $3,847 0.06 $200

Shopping $12,771 0.28 $1,252

All Other $3,822 0.08 $375

**All $192,473 13.58**  **$43,142**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 83 Table A.3.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident – Day Visitors 55,819 0.41 0.6 13,731.5
Non-Resident – Camping 21,414 0.31 0.6 3,983.0

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 2 3% 371 3.0 1.3

Friends and Family 5 7% 928 4.0 2.2

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 67 91% 12,433 3.7 1.0
Subtotal 74 100% 13,731

Camping 26 100% 7,966 4.1 2.5

Estimated Spending per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $92.50 $30.83

Friends and Family $35.80 $8.95

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $36.07 $9.83

Camping $58.26 $14.28

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $11,439 $3,578 0.94

Friends and Family $8,303 $1,748 0.59

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $122,196 $25,278 9.03
Subtotal $141,938 $30,604 10.56

Camping $113,750 $25,145 7.6

**Total $255,688 $55,749**  **18.16**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 84 Table A.3.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Alexander Springs, Lake County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $39,261 3.21 $12,524

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $42,437 5.54 $10,991

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $78,625 2.49 $7,627

Admission Fees $64,329 5.40 $18,977

Evening Entertainment $13,633 1.15 $4,022

Ground Transportation $2,127 0.03 $110

Shopping $11,391 0.25 $1,116

All Other $3,885 0.09 $382

**All $255,688 18.16**  **$55,749**

### 85 Table A.4.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 5,776 0.37 0.72 1,538.7

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 3% 38 3.8 1.2

Friends and Family 20 10% 154 3.7 2.7

Camping 41 21% 315 3.5 2.6

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 134 67% 1,031 3.2 1.0

Total 200 100% 1,539

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $77.00 $20.26

Friends and Family $13.55 $3.66

Camping $32.28 $9.12

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $14.55 $4.52

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $770.00 $234.00 0.06

Friends and Family $564.00 $120.00 0.05

Camping $2,873.00 $673.00 0.22

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $4,659.00 $844.00 0.32
**Total $8,866.00 $1,871.00**  **0.65**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 86 Table A.4.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,932 0.16 $616

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $2,287 0.30 $593

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $2,994 0.09 $291

Admission Fees $285 0.02 $84

Evening Entertainment $775 0.07 $229

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $594 0.01 $59

All Other $0 0.00 $0

**All $8,867 0.65**  **$1,872**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 87 Table A.4.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 5,776 0.07 0.72 291.1

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 1 1% 3 3.0 1.6

Friends and Family 11 11% 32 3.4 2.8

Camping 22 22% 64 3.4 2.9

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 66 66% 192 2.9 1.0

Total 100 100% 291

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $67.00 $22.04

Friends and Family $14.90 $4.43

Camping $28.09 $8.36

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $17.76 $6.17

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $66.12 $21.04 0.01

Friends and Family $141.91 $31.02 0.01

Camping $535.05 $126.02 0.04

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $1,184.00 $215.38 0.09
**Total $1,927.08 $393.46**  **0.15**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 88 Table A.4.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $320 0.03 $102

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $564 0.07 $146

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $694 0.02 $67

Admission Fees $119 0.01 $35

Evening Entertainment $104 0.01 $31

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $127 0.01 $13

All Other $0 0.00 $0

**All $1,928 0.15**  **$394**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 89 Table A.4.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 5,776 0.15 0.72 623.81

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 25 3.5 3.0

Friends and Family 11 11% 69 3.8 2.3

Camping 20 20% 125 3.4 2.6

Condominiums & Others 4 4% 25 3.5 3.0

Day Visitors 61 61% 381 3.2 1.0

Total 100 100% 624

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $80.75 $23.07

Friends and Family $20.12 $5.29

Camping $35.15 $10.34

Condominiums & Others $80.75 $23.07

Day Visitors $18.81 $5.86

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $576.79 $169.18 0.04

Friends and Family $365.33 $60.14 0.02

Camping $1,292.28 $271.85 0.09

Condominiums & Others $576.79 $169.18 0.04

Day Visitors $2,232.59 $403.21 0.16
**Total $5,043.78 $1,073.56**  **0.35**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 90 Table A.4.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,476 0.12 $471

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $847 0.11 $220

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,788 0.06 $174

Admission Fees $106 0.01 $32

Evening Entertainment $496 0.03 $146

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $249 0.01 $25

All Other $83 0.01 $8

**All $5,045 0.35**  **$1,076**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 91 Table A.4.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 5,776 0.41 0.68 1,610.4

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 64 3.3 2.8

Friends and Family 6 6% 97 4.0 2.5

Camping 20 20% 322 3.2 2.7

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 70 70% 1,127 3.2 1.0

Total 100 100% 1,610

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $66.00 $20.31

Friends and Family $10.33 $2.58

Camping $38.40 $12.19

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $18.90 $5.89

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $507.69 $157.92 0.05

Friends and Family $178.19 $18.45 0.01

Camping $1,523.81 $325.31 0.10

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $2,278.77 $399.44 0.15
**Total $4,488.46 $901.12**  **0.31**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 92 Table A.4.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Apopka Spring, Lake County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,018 0.08 $325

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $900 0.12 $233

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,622 0.05 $157

Admission Fees $111 0.01 $33

Evening Entertainment $362 0.03 $107

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

. Shopping $331 0.01 $33

All Other $146 0.01 $15

**All $4,490 0.31**  **$903**

Source: U.S. Forest Service; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 93 Table A.5.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 2,886 0.37 0.6 640.7

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 3% 16 3.8 1.2

Friends and Family 20 10% 64 3.7 2.7

Camping 41 21% 131 3.5 2.6

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 134 67% 492 3.2 1.0

Total 200 100% 641

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $77.00 $20.26

Friends and Family $13.55 $3.66

Camping $32.28 $9.12

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $14.55 $4.52

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $324.00 $98.26 0.03

Friends and Family $234.38 $49.72 0.02

Camping $1,194.54 $279.72 0.09

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $1,938.49 $351.16 0.13
**Total $3,691.41 $778.86 0.27**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Apopka Spring

### 94 Table A.5.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 3rd Quarter(July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $807 0.07 $257

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $952 0.12 $246

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,245 0.04 $121

Admission Fees $119 0.01 $35

Evening Entertainment $322 0.02 $95

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $247 0.01 $24

All Other $0 0.00 $0

**All $3,692 0.27**  **$778**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 95 Table A.5.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 2,886 0.07 0.72 145.45

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 3% 4 3.0 1.6

Friends and Family 20 10% 15 3.4 2.8

Camping 41 21% 30 3.4 2.9

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 134 67% 97 2.9 1.0

Total 200 100% 145

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $67.00 $22.04

Friends and Family $14.90 $4.43

Camping $28.09 $8.36

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $17.76 $6.17

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $88.16 $28.06 0.01

Friends and Family $66.52 $14.54 0.01

Camping $250.80 $59.07 0.02

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $598.17 $108.81 0.04

**Total $1003.65 $210.48**  **0.07**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Apopka Spring

### 96 Table A.5.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $206 0.02 $66

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $279 0.04 $72

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $343 0.01 $33

Admission Fees $61 0.01 $18

Evening Entertainment $52 0.00 $15

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $63 0.00 $6

All Other $0 0.00 $0

**All $1,004 0.07**  **$210**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 97 Table A.5.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 2,886 0.15 0.6 259.7

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 10 3.5 3.0

Friends and Family 11 11% 29 3.8 2.3

Camping 20 20% 52 3.4 2.6

Condominiums & Others 4 4% 10 3.5 3.0

Day Visitors 61 61% 158 3.2 1.0

Total 100 100% 260

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $80.75 $23.07

Friends and Family $20.12 $5.29

Camping $35.15 $10.34

Condominiums & Others $80.75 $23.07

Day Visitors $18.81 $5.86

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $230.71 $67.67 0.02

Friends and Family $153.55 $25.28 0.01

Camping $537.59 $113.09 0.03

Condominiums & Others $230.71 $67.67 0.02

Day Visitors $925.85 $167.21 0.06
**Total $2,078.41 $440.92**  **0.14**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Apopka Spring

### 98 Table A.5.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $599 0.05 $191

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $352 0.05 $91

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $741 0.02 $72

Admission Fees $44 0.01 $13

Evening Entertainment $206 0.02 $60

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $103 0.01 $10

All Other $34 0.01 $3

**All $2,079 0.17**  **$440**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 99 Table A.5.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida

2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Lake County 2,886 0.41 0.6 710.0

Visitors from Outside Lake County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 28 3.2 1.1

Friends and Family 6 6% 43 4.0 2.5

Camping 20 20% 142 3.2 2.7

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 70 70% 497 3.2 1.0

Total 100 100% 710

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $66.00 $20.56

Friends and Family $10.33 $2.58

Camping $38.40 $12.19

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $18.90 $5.89

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment

Hotel and Motels $568.61 $176.86 0.05

Friends and Family $111.05 $12.00 0.01

Camping $1,731.05 $369.55 0.11

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00 0.00

Day Visitors $2,972.56 $521.06 0.19
**Total $5,383.27 $1,079.47**  **0.36**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Apopka Spring

### 100 Table A.5.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Bugg Spring, Lake County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,149 0.09 $366

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $1,125 0.14 $291

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,941 0.06 $188

Admission Fees $136 0.01 $40

Evening Entertainment $465 0.03 $137

Ground Transportation $0 0.01 $0

Shopping $386 0.01 $38

All Other $182 0.01 $18

**All $5,384 0.36**  **$1,078**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 101 Table A.6.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 259,000 0.34 0.72 63,403.2

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 16 8% 5,072 3.8 2.3

Friends and Family 22 11% 6,974 3.7 2.6

Camping 12 6% 3,804 3.9 2.3

Condominiums & Others 2 1% 634 3.5 3.0

Day Visitors 148 74% 46,918 3.7 1.0

Total 200 100% 63,403

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $116.06 $30.46

Friends and Family $52.46 $14.06

Camping $47.17 $12.03

Condominiums & Others $39.00 $11.14

Day Visitors $35.62 $9.68

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $154,503 $32,565 11

Friends and Family $98,085 $20,042 8

Camping $45,774 $10,109 4

Condominiums & Others $42,388 $9,232 2

Day Visitors $454,136 $83,987 29 **Total $794,886 $155,935**  **54**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 102 Table A.6.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $103,523 8 $24,328

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) 222,019 27 $61,005

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $137,063 4 $14,118

Admission Fees $67,951 4 $14,677

Evening Entertainment $137,391 7 $29,951

Ground Transportation $0 0 $0.00

Shopping $106,618 2 $9,915

All Other $20,321 1 $1,890

**All $794,886 53**  **$155,884**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 103 Table A.6.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 259,000 0.12 0.72 22,377.6

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 895 3.5 2.5

Friends and Family 9 9% 2,014 3.8 2.6

Camping 12 12% 2,685 3.9 2.3

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 75 75% 16,783 3.7 1.0

Total 100 100% 22,378

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $92.75 $26.50

Friends and Family $40.78 $10.79

Camping $47.17 $12.03

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $40.63 $11.04

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $23,718 $5,063 2

Friends and Family $21,728 $4,520 2

Camping $32,309 $7,136 3

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0

Day Visitors $185,297 $34,828 12 **Total $263,052 $51,547**  **19**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 104 Table A.6.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $25,560 2 $6,006

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) 91,780 11 $25,240

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $45,852 2 $4,723

Admission Fees $23,407 1 $5,056

Evening Entertainment $27,289 2 $5,949

Ground Transportation $0 0 $0

Shopping $41,355 1 $3,846

All Other $7,809 1 $726

**All $263,052 20**  **$51,546**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 105 Table A.6.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 259,000 0.21 0.72 39,160.8

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 10 10% 3,916 4.1 2.2

Friends and Family 10 10% 3,916 3.4 2.6

Camping 4 4% 1,566 4.0 2.8

Condominiums & Others 1 1% 392 4.0 3.0

Day Visitors 75 75% 29,371 3.6 1.0

Total 100 100% 39,161

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $132.40 $32.29

Friends and Family $46.60 $13.71

Camping $42.75 $10.69

Condominiums & Others $49.00 $12.25

Day Visitors $35.59 $9.97

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $126,458 $26,402 8

Friends and Family $53,672 $11,359 5

Camping $16,737 $3,939 2

Condominiums & Others $4,802 $1,046 1

Day Visitors $292,805 $54,311 19 **Total $494,474 $97,057**  **35**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 106 Table A.6.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $71,680 6 $16,845

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) 144,081 17 $39,622

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $94,756 3 $9,760

Admission Fees $40,250 2 $8,695

Evening Entertainment $70,166 3 $15,296

Ground Transportation $0 0 $0

Shopping $59,225 1 $5,508

All Other $14,315 1 $1,331

**All $494,473 33**  **$97,057**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 107 Table A.6.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 259,000 0.33 0.72 61,538.4

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 4 4% 2,462 3.8 2.3

Friends and Family 5 5% 3,077 4.0 2.6

Camping 10 10% 6,154 3.6 2.9

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 81 81% 49,846 3.7 1.0

Total 100 100% 61,538

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $109.00 $29.07

Friends and Family $43.60 $10.90

Camping $60.50 $16.81

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $31.34 $8.52

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $71,562 $16,152 5.6

Friends and Family $33,539 $8,446 3.4

Camping $103,421 $21,293 6.9

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0

Day Visitors $424,504 $75,157 24.8 **Total $633,026 $121,048**  **40.7**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 108 Table A.6.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Ponce de Leon Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $75,258 5.9 $17,686

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $170,993 20.8 $47,023

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $140,383 4.3 $14,460

Admission Fees $61,297 3.1 $13,240

Evening Entertainment $91,414 4.7 $19,928

Ground Transportation $0 0.0 $0.00

Shopping $70,437 1.5 $5,550

All Other $23,244 0.5 $2,162

**All $633,026 40.7**  **$120,049**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 109 Table A.7.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 57,755 0.24 0.64 8,871.2

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 12 6% 532 4.2 3.4

Friends and Family 28 14% 1,242 3.8 3.3

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 160 80% 7,097 4.0 1.0

Total 200 100% 8,871

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $96.67 $23.18

Friends and Family $24.89 $6.64

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $27.75 $7.03

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $12,333 $2,649 0.87

Friends and Family $8,244 $1,584 0.57

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $49,859 $9,268 3.19 **Total $70,436 $13,501**  **4.63**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 110 Table A.7.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $8,888 0.70 $2,089

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $21,150 2.57 $5,816

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $10,263 0.31 $1,057

Admission Fees $7,894 0.40 $1,705

Evening Entertainment $6,124 0.31 $1,335

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $12,947 0.27 $1,204

All Other $3,168 0.07 $295

**All $70,434 4.63**  **$13,501**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 111 Table A.7.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 57,755 0.16 0.64 5,914.1

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 3 3% 177 4.3 2.3

Friends and Family 13 13% 769 3.8 2.6

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 84 84% 4,968 3.6 1.0

Total 100 100% 5,914

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $101.17 $23.36

Friends and Family $22.88 $5.99

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $28.14 $7.77

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $4,136 $924 0.30

Friends and Family $4,606 $1,002 0.38

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $38,619 $7,614 2.70 **Total $47,361 $9,540**  **3.38**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 112 Table A.7.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $2,862 0.22 $673

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $18,389 2.23 $5,057

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $6,388 0.19 $658

Admission Fees $5,651 0.29 $1,221

Evening Entertainment $4,997 0.26 $1,089

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $7,018 0.15 $653

All Other $2,056 0.04 $191

**All $47,361 3.38**  **$9,542**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 113 Table A.7.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 57,755 0.2 0.64 7,392.6

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 5% 370 3.9 1.0

Friends and Family 15 15% 1,109 3.6 3.0

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 80 80% 5,914 4.0 1.0

Total 100 100% 7,393

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $78.50 $20.18

Friends and Family $22.56 $6.27

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $29.33 $7.43

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $7,467 $1,750 0.57

Friends and Family $6,950 $1,405 0.53

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $43,913 $9,090 3.27
**Total $58,330 $12,245**  **4.37**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 114 Table A.7.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $5,612 0.44 $1,319

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $23,538 2.86 $6,473

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $5,121 0.16 $528

Admission Fees $6,651 0.34 $1,437

Evening Entertainment $6,945 0.35 $1,514

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $6,792 0.14 $632

All Other $3,670 0.08 $341

**All $58,329 4.37**  **$12,244**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 115 Table A.7.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 57,755 0.4 0.64 14,785.3

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 5% 739 3.8 1.3

Friends and Family 16 16% 2,366 3.6 3.4

Camping 1 1% 148 6.0 4.0

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 78 78% 11,533 3.8 1.0

Total 100 100% 14,785

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $138.50 $36.26

Friends and Family $45.83 $12.63

Camping $178.50 $29.75

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $31.77 $8.30

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $26,794 $6,634 2.49

Friends and Family $29,872 $6,786 2.73

Camping $4,403 $969 0.39

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $95,667 $19,229 7.04
**Total $156,736 $33,618**  **12.65**

Source: Florida Department of Environment Protection; Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 116 Table A.7.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Gemini Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $14,932 1.17 $3,509

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $75,998 9.22 $20,900

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $18,300 0.56 $1,885

Admission Fees $12,380 0.63 $2,674

Evening Entertainment $11,065 0.57 $2,412

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $15,497 0.32 $1,441

All Other $8,562 0.18 $796

**All $156,734 12.65**  **$33,617**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 117 Table A.8.1 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 14,439 0.24 64% 2,217.8

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 12 6% 133 4.2 3.4

Friends and Family 28 14% 310 3.8 3.3

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 160 80% 1,774 4.0 1.0

Total 200 100% 2,218

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $96.67 $23.18

Friends and Family $24.89 $6.64

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $27.75 $7.03

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $3,083 $662 0.22

Friends and Family $2,058 $395 0.14

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $12,463 $2,317 0.80
**Total $17,604 $3,374**  **1.16**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Gemini Springs

### 118 Table A.8.2 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 3rd Quarter (July-Sept), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $2,222 0.17 $522

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $5,286 0.64 $1,453

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $2,565 0.08 $264

Admission Fees $1,973 0.10 $426

Evening Entertainment $1,531 0.08 $334

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0.00

Shopping $3,236 0.07 $301

All Other $792 0.02 $74

**All $17,605 1.16**  **$3,374**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 119 Table A.8.3 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 14,439 0.16 0.64 1,478.6

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 3 3% 44 4.3 2.3

Friends and Family 13 13% 192 3.8 2.6

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 84 84% 1,242 3.6 1.0

Total 100 100% 1,479

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $101.17 $23.36

Friends and Family $22.88 $5.99

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $28.14 $7.77

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $1,028 $230 0.08

Friends and Family $1,150 $250 0.09

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $9,655 $1,904 0.68
**Total $11,833 $2,384**  **0.85**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Gemini Springs

### 120 Table A.8.4 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 4th Quarter (Oct.-Dec.), 2003

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $711 0.06 $168

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $4,596 0.57 $1,264

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,597 0.05 $165

Admission Fees $1,412 0.07 $305

Evening Entertainment $1,249 0.06 $272

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $1,754 0.03 $163

All Other $514 0.01 $48

**All $11,833 0.85**  **$2,385**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 121 Table A.8.5 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 14,439 0.2 64% 1,848.2

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 5% 92 3.9 1.0

Friends and Family 15 15% 277 3.6 3.0

Camping 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 80 80% 1,479 4.0 1.0

Total 100 100% 1,848

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $78.50 $20.18

Friends and Family $22.56 $6.27

Camping $0.00 $0.00

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $29.33 $7.43

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $1,857 $435 0.14

Friends and Family $1,736 $351 0.13

Camping $0 $0 0.00

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $10,982 $2,273 0.82
**Total $14,575 $3,059**  **1.09**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Gemini Springs

### 122 Table A.8.6 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 1st Quarter (Jan.-Mar.), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $1,395 0.11 $328

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $5,885 0.71 $1,618

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $1,281 0.04 $132

Admission Fees $1,663 0.09 $359

Evening Entertainment $1,736 0.09 $378

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $1,698 0.03 $158

All Other $918 0.02 $85

**All $14,576 1.09**  **$3,058**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.

### 123 Table A.8.7 Estimation of the Direct Economic Impact of Visitors Associated with Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Annual Annual

Attend. in

Quarter (Seasonal) Percent of Quarterly

Attendees

Visitors = Estimated Quarterly Visitors to Springs

Non-Resident Visitors to Volusia County 14,439 0.4 0.64 3,696.4

Visitors from Outside Volusia County by Accommodation Sample

Size Accom.

% Visitors by Accom Party

Size Length of Stay

(LS)

Hotels and Motels 5 5% 185 3.8 1.3

Friends and Family 16 16% 591 3.6 3.4

Camping 1 1% 37 6.0 4.0

Condominiums & Others 0 0% 0 N/A N/A

Day Visitors 78 78% 2,883 3.8 1.0

Total 100 100% 3,696

Estimated Spending Per Party and Person by Accommodation $EPPD (Daily Spending per Party) $EPPED (Daily Spending per Person)

Hotel and Motels $138.50 $36.26

Friends and Family $45.83 $12.63

Camping $178.50 $29.75

Condominiums & Others $0.00 $0.00

Day Visitors $31.77 $8.30

Estimated Spending, Wages and Employment Spending Wages Employment
Hotel and Motels $6,708 $1,661 0.62

Friends and Family $7,462 $1,695 0.68

Camping $179 $40 0.02

Condominiums & Others $0 $0 0.00

Day Visitors $23,188 $4,661 1.71
**Total $37,537 $8,057**  **3.03**

Source: Data Based on Economic Parameters for Gemini Springs

### 124 Table A.8.8 Estimation of Quarterly Spending, Created Employment and Wages at Green Springs, Volusia County, Florida 2nd Quarter (Apr.-June), 2004

Spending Category Spending Related Employment Related Wages

Lodging $3,609 0.28 $848

Food & Beverages(Restaurants) $18,154 2.20 $4,992

Food & Beverages(Groceries) $4,203 0.13 $433

Admission Fees $3,005 0.15 $649

Evening Entertainment $2,694 0.15 $588

Ground Transportation $0 0.00 $0

Shopping $3,780 0.07 $352

All Other $2,091 0.05 $195

**All $37,536 3.03**  **$8,057**

Source: Bonn Marketing Survey.**APPENDIX B: QUARTERLY VISITOR PROFILE**125Table B.1: Eight Priority Springs Visitor Profile: Q3 2003Sample Size = 593**Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?** Q3 2003 $71.19 1.3 3.6 2.6 31.4% 49.0% 10.4% 9.2% Yes 29.4% No 70.6%**Top Visitor County Origin**Volusia 15.7%Lake 14.8Alachua11.5Seminole 3.5Polk 3.4Citrus 1.9Polk 1.7Orange 1.7Non Florida Residents 34.7**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 55.0%Spending time with family 26.0Entertaining guests 9.6Enjoy the wildlife 9.4**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 67.2%Family/Friends 21.4Brochure 5.8Internet 5.6**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 42.4% Male 43.6% Married 77.0% Caucasian 79.0% Under $20,000 4.8%Post Graduate Degree 11.6 Female 56.4 Single 20.2 Hispanic 6.6 $20,000-$49,999 30.4High School Graduate 14.8 Divorced/Widowed 2.4 African-American 12.8 $50,000-$79,999 38.6Technical School 28.2 No Answer 0.4 Other 1.6 $80,000 or More 12.6**Average Daily Expenditures**Restaurants $14.65Admission Fees12.96Lodging 11.57Shopping 10.86Groceries 9.28Evening Entertainment 4.34Ground Transportation 3.91Other Items 3.62Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $71.19**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 54.4%Swimming 38.6View Wildlife 18.2Fishing 17.6Boating 15.4Photography 13.2Water Sports 10.4Snorkeling 8.4Archeology6.6Scuba Diving 6.4**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 66.6%Locally 27.8Another County5.6**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 66.6%Private Home 11.8Campground 8.8Hotel/Motel 6.4Other 6.4**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.** **13 Rate Importance of Springs to** **Your Quality of Life 3.43** (On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.74** **APPENDIX B: QUARTERLY VISITOR PROFILE**126Table B.2: Springs Visitor Profile for Q4, 2003Sample Size = 588**Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?** 2003-2004 $70.33 1.5 3.4 2.2 33.8% 42.4% 17.2% 6.6% Yes 27.8% No 72.2%**Top Visitor County Origin**Volusia 16.3%Lake 15.5Marion 15.3Polk 3.7Citrus 3.2Seminole 2.9Alachua1.7Sumter 1.5Non-Florida Residents 34.8**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 70.0%Spending time with family 16.6Entertaining guests 7.8Enjoy the wildlife 5.6**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 70.0%Family/Friends 16.6Internet 7.8Brochure 5.6**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 46.4% Male 39.4% Married 75.6% Caucasian 80.0% Under $20,000 3.8%Post Graduate Degree 15.4 Female 60.6 Single 17.0 Hispanic 7.0 $20,000-$49,999 23.6High School Graduate 9.4 Divorced/Widowed 5.2 African-American 12.2 $50,000-$79,999 43.4Technical School 26.2 No Answer 2.2 Other 0.8 $80,000 or More 17.2**Average Daily Expenditures**Groceries $9.01Restaurants 16.49Admission Fees16.79Shopping 10.52Evening Entertainment 4.49Lodging 7.70Ground Transportation 3.02Other Items 2.32Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $70.33**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 61.6%Swimming 36.6View Wildlife 21.2Boating 17.0Photography 11.8Snorkeling 8.2Fishing 7.2Water Sports 7.0Scuba Diving 6.8Archeology1.2**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 71.6%Locally 22.4Another County5.8**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 72.0%Private Home 9.6Campground 12.8Hotel/Motel 2.0Other 3.6**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.35** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.60**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.40** **APPENDIX B: QUARTERLY VISITOR PROFILE**127Table B.3: Springs Visitor Profile for Q1, 2004Sample Size = 571**Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?** 2003-2004 $67.86 1.5 3.5 2.3 33.6% 45.2% 14.0% 7.2% Yes 26.8% No 73.2%**Top Visitor County Origin**Volusia 18.8%Marion 16.6Lake 16.0Seminole 4.0Orange 3.2Polk 3.0Sumter 2.4Alachua2.0Non Florida Residents 29.0**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 60.6%Spending time with family 23.2Enjoy the wildlife 9.0Entertaining guests 7.2**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 70.0%Family/Friends 17.6Internet 6.2Brochure 6.2**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 39.6% Male 43.2% Married 76.9% Caucasian 80.9% Under $20,000 4.4%Post Graduate Degree 15.8 Female 56.8 Single 17.3 Hispanic 5.6 $20,000-$49,999 25.7High School Graduate 10.3 Divorced/Widowed 3.9 African-American 11.9 $50,000-$79,999 36.4Technical School 25.6 No Answer 2.0 Other 1.6 $80,000 or More 13.7**Average Daily Expenditures**Restaurants $15.40Admission Fees12.12Groceries 9.87Lodging 9.61Shopping 9.21Evening Entertainment 4.76Ground Transportation 3.58Other Items 3.31Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $67.86**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 63.2%Swimming 37.8View Wildlife 21.2Fishing 20.2Boating 16.8Photography 13.2Water Sports 8.6Snorkeling 8.6Scuba Diving 6.8Archeology4.4**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 72.8%Locally 21.8Another County5.4**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 66.0%Private Home 10.7Campground 9.3Hotel/Motel 6.1Other7.9**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.21** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.48**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.36** **APPENDIX B: QUARTERLY VISITOR PROFILE**128Table B.4: Springs Visitor Profile for Q2, 2004Sample Size = 546**Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?** 2003-2004 $49.37 1.4 3.5 1.8 33.6% 46.4% 13.2% 6.8% Yes 25.8% No 74.2%**Top Visitor County Origin**Volusia 20.5%Lake 17.2Marion 14.4Sumter 4.0Seminole 3.6Polk 2.0Flagler 1.8Orange 1.6Pasco 1.4Non Florida Residents 27.6**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 62.6%Spending time with family 21.0Entertaining guests 7.8Enjoy the wildlife 8.6**How Heard About the Springs**Enjoy the outdoors 62.6%Spending time with family 21.0Entertaining guests 7.8Enjoy the wildlife 8.6**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Tota** **l Ethnicity** **Total Income** **Total**Some College/College Grad 46.3% Male 43.4% Married 76.7% Caucasian 83.5% Under $20,000 4.8%Post Graduate Degree 14.3 Female 56.6 Single 19.0 Hispanic 3.3 $20,000-$49,999 25.1High School Graduate 11.5 Divorced/Widowed 3.5 African-American 11.0 $50,000-$79,999 40.1Technical School 25.1 No Answer 0.7 Other 2.2 $80,000 or More 15.8**Average Daily Expenditures**Restaurants $12.91Groceries 10.48Admission Fees9.54Lodging 6.07Shopping 5.10Evening Entertainment 2.92Other Items 1.78Ground Transportation 0.58Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $49.37**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 69.4%Swimming 39.6View Wildlife 22.8Boating 20.4Fishing 17.8Photography 13.0Water Sports 10.0Snorkeling 8.8Scuba Diving 3.8Archeology0.0**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 72.1%Locally 22.4Another County5.6**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 68.1%Campground 10.4Private Home 7.7Hotel/Motel 4.8Other9.0**Rate your Visit to the Springs** **4.21 Rate Importance of Springs to** **Your Quality of Life 3.54** (On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.51** **Silver Glen Springs Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 400** 129**Appendix C Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $44.31 1.6 3.5 2.6 27.8% 55.0% 12.3% 5.0% Yes 21.5% No 78.5%**Top Visitor County Origin**Marion 48.0%Lake 13.0Volusia 7.3Sumter 4.0Alachua3.5Citrus 2.8Hillsborough 1.5Polk 0.8Pinellas 0.5Non Florida Resident 18.5**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 67.2%Spending time with family 17.5Entertaining guests 9.3Enjoy the wildlife 6.0**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 80.5%Family/Friends 20.6Internet 4.0Brochure 1.5**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 48.5% Male 32.0% Married 75.0% Caucasian 87.8% Under $20,000 6.8%Post Graduate Degree 7.8 Female 68.0 Single 17.5 Hispanic 3.8 $20,000-$49,999 33.5High School Graduate 16.8 Divorced/Widowed 4.5 African-American 8.5 $50,000-$79,999 37.8Technical School 27.0 No Answer 3.0 Other 0.0 $80,000 or More 15.3**Average Daily Expenditures**Groceries $15.40Restaurants 9.14Admission Fees9.34Shopping 2.85Evening Entertainment 2.55Lodging 2.14Ground Transportation 0.14Other Items 2.76Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $44.31**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 59.0%Boating 48.8Swimming 45.8Water Sports 32.0Fishing 20.0View Wildlife 19.0Photography 18.0Snorkeling 12.8Scuba Diving 11.8Archeology4.5**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 67.3%Locally 26.0Another County6.7**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 67.5%Hotel/Motel 3.0Private Home 8.5Other 21.0**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.36** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.95**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.17** **Silver Springs Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 298** 130**Appendix D Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $248.60 2.3 3.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A**Top Visitor County Origin**N/A**Main Purpose for Visit**N/A**How Heard About the Springs**N/A**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 42.7% Male 51.3% Married 82.1% Caucasian 92.3% Under $20,000 4.3%Post Graduate Degree 27.4 Female 48.7 Single 8.5 Hispanic 1.7 $20,000-$49,999 24.8High School Graduate 10.3 Divorced/Widowed 3.4 African-American 0.9 $50,000-$79,999 32.5Technical School 13.7 No Answer 6.0 Other 5.1 $80,000 or More 14.5**Average Daily Expenditures**Admission Fees $61.85Restaurants 53.53Shopping 45.06Lodging 35.27Ground Transportation 20.20Other Items 12.43Groceries 11.64Evening Entertainment 8.61Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $248.60**Where Stayed Overnight**N/A**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 29.9%Hotel/Motel 16.2Private Home 6.0Other 47.9**Alexander Springs Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 400** 131**Appendix E Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $43.85 1.2 3.7 2.0 21.0% 66.8% 11.0% 1.3% Yes 20.0% No 80.0%**Top Visitor County Origin**Lake 35.5%Marion 14.8Volusia 10.3Citrus 4.0Sumter 3.5Polk 3.0Seminole 3.0Non Florida Resident 19.3**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 58.5%Spending time with family 23.5Enjoy the wildlife 10.0Entertaining guests 8.0**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 75.5%Family/Friends 20.8Internet 3.0Brochure 0.8**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 42.0% Male 43.0% Married 75.8% Caucasian 83.0% Under $20,000 6.3%Post Graduate Degree 8.3 Female 57.0 Single 22.3 Hispanic 6.0 $20,000-$49,999 33.3High School Graduate 14.5 Divorced/Widowed 2.0 African-American 11.0 $50,000-$79,999 44.5Technical School 35.3 No Answer 0.0 Other 0.0 $80,000 or More 14.3**Average Daily Expenditures**Admission Fees$11.03Groceries 11.01Lodging 6.54Restaurants 6.54Evening Entertainment 3.68Shopping 3.49Ground Transportation 0.94Other Items 0.02Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $43.85**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 63.0%Swimming 48.0Fishing 32.5Snorkeling 29.8View Wildlife 29.5Scuba Diving 16.5Boating 16.0Photography 16.0Water Sports 10.5Archeology9.0**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 66.3%Locally 25.0Another County8.8**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 62.5%Campground 27.5Private Home 8.0Hotel/Motel 1.8Other 0.3**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.67** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.86**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.57** **Apopka Spring Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 400** 132**Appendix F Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $22.21 1.3 3.3 2.2 41.8% 29.3% 22.5% 6.5% Yes 34.3% No 65.7%**Top Visitor County Origin**Lake 27.8%Polk 9.0Volusia 6.5Marion 6.5Sumter 4.8Citrus 3.8Orange 2.8Non Florida Residents 32.0**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 59.5%Spending time with family 22.0Enjoy the wildlife 10.0Entertaining guests 8.5**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 63.0%Brochure 17.0Family/Friends 11.3Internet 8.8**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status** **Total Ethnicity** **Total Income** **Total**Some College/College Grad 43.5% Male 53.8.0%Married 82.8% Caucasian 84.3% Under $20,000 5.0%Post Graduate Degree 8.5 Female 46.3 Single 16.0 Hispanic 5.0 $20,000-$49,999 25.8High School Graduate 16.5 Divorced/Widowed 1.3 African-American 10.8 $50,000-$79,999 42.8Technical School 31.5 No Answer 0.0 Other 0.0 $80,000 or More 7.8**Average Daily Expenditures**Groceries $7.82Lodging 5.12Restaurants 4.91Evening Entertainment 1.99Shopping 1.40Admission Fees0.60Other Items 0.32Ground Transportation 0.00Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $22.21**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 68.0%Swimming 50.3View Wildlife 18.8Photography 12.0Water Sports 2.5Fishing 1.3Archeology1.0Boating 0.0Snorkeling 0.0Scuba Diving 0.0**Where Stayed Overnight** No Overnight Stay 65.3%Locally 32.3Another County2.3**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 66.3%Campground 20.3Private Home 10.3Hotel/Motel 3.1**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.02** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **2.97**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.50** **Ponce de Leon Springs Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 400** 133**Appendix G Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $43.50 1.1 3.7 2.3 39.0% 39.3% 13.0% 8.8% Yes 43.8% No 56.3%**Top Visitor County Origin**Volusia 32.0Seminole 6.5Polk 6.5Marion 6.3Lake 5.5Orange 5.3Brevard 4.5Flagler 3.8Non Florida Resident 27.0**Main Purpose for Visit**Enjoy the outdoors 54.9%Spending time with family 24.3Entertaining guests 10.8Enjoy the wildlife 10.0**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 54.9%Family/Friends 24.3Internet 10.8Brochure 10.0**Education Total** **Sex Total** **Marital Status Total** **Ethnicity Total** **Income Total** Some College/College Grad 39.3% Male 41.0% Married 69.5% Caucasian 73.8% Under $20,000 3.3%Post Graduate Degree 27.3 Female 59.0 Single 23.8 Hispanic 6.8 $20,000-$49,999 24.3High School Graduate 3.5 Divorced/Widowed 4.5 African-American 17.3 $50,000-$79,999 35.3Technical School 23.0 No Answer 2.3 Other 2.3 $80,000 or More 21.8Restaurants $12.38Groceries 8.31Evening Entertainment 6.16Lodging 6.13Shopping 5.54Admission Fees3.73Other Items 1.26Ground Transportation 0.00Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $43.50**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 56.5%Swimming 46.8Fishing 23.5Boating 19.0View Wildlife 13.5Photography 12.3Scuba Diving 1.5Archeology0.8Water Sports 0.0Snorkeling 0.0**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 76.0%Locally 16.8Another County 7.3**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 76.0%Private Home 9.3Hotel/Motel 7.5Campground 6.5Other 0.8**Rate your Visit to the Springs 3.96** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.47**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.59** **Gemini Springs Visitors Study 2003-2004 TOTAL SPRINGS VISITORS: Sample Size = 400** 134**Appendix H Expenditures Avg. Nights Avg. # In Party Likely To Return: Will Not Is This** **Date Per Party Spent Party Size Not Resident Next Year 6 Mos. Don’t Know Return Your First Visit?**2003-2004 $34.10 1.2 3.9 2.0 36.0% 38.5% 9.8% 15.8% Yes 17.8% No 82.3%**Top Visitor County Origin**Marion 48.0%Lake 13.0Volusia 7.3Sumter 4.0Alachua3.5Citrus 2.8Hillsborough 1.5Polk 0.8Pinellas 0.5Non Florida Resident 18.5**Mai n Purpose for Visit** Enjoy the outdoors 63.5%Spending time with family 28.5Enjoy the wildlife 8.0Entertaining guests 0.0**How Heard About the Springs**Repeat Visitor 77.8%Family/Friends 17.3Internet 3.3Brochure 1.3**Education T** **otal Sex** **Total Marital Status** **Total Ethnicity** **Total Income** **Total**Some College/College Grad 51.0% Male 40.0% Married 78.3% Caucasian 72.5% Under $20,000 1.5%Post Graduate Degree 15.8 Female 60.0 Single 15.3 Hispanic 7.5 $20,000-$49,999 17.8High School Graduate 8.3 Divorced/Widowed 6.5 African-American 12.5 $50,000-$79,999 44.3Technical School 18.0 No Answer 0.0 Other 4.5 $80,000 or More 15.3**Average Daily Expenditures**Restaurants $12.73Shopping 4.77Lodging 4.27Groceries 4.18Admission Fees3.42Evening Entertainment 3.01Other Items 1.72Ground Transportation 0.00Total Avg. Daily Expenditure $34.10**Top Visitor Activities**Picnicking 64.3%View Wildlife 23.5Fishing 13.8Boating 11.3Photography 5.8Swimming 0.0Scuba Diving 0.0Archeology0.0Water Sports 0.0Snorkeling 0.0Other 6.8**Where Stayed Overnight**No Overnight Stay 79.3%Locally 18.0Another County2.8**Accommodation Used**No Overnight Stay 79.5%Private Home 14.8Hotel/Motel 5.5Campground 0.3**Rate your Visit to the Springs 4.11** **Rate Importance of Springs to Your Quality of Life** **3.33**(On a 1-5 Scale, with 5 being the highest)**Willingness to Pay for Access to Private Springs $4.67** 

### 135 **APPENDIX I: FLORIDA SPRINGS VISITOR SURVEY**

Surveyor’s Initials________

Q01 Date: ______________________

Q02 Site (circle one): WS IS HS VB

Q03 Gender: 1=Male 2=Female

What is your: Q04 City: ______________________

Q05 County: ____________________

Q06 State: ______ Country: _______

Q07 Zip Code: __________________

Q08 What best describe your reason for today’s visit?

______________________

Q8B What activities have you pursued during this visit?

________________________________________

Q09 Number of nights spent in the area during this trip:

__________

Q10 Where did you stay overnight? 1= Locally 2= In another county 3= Other (specify)___________

Q11 Accommodations Used: 1= No nights spent in area

2= Hotel/Motel

3= Condominium

4= Private Home

5= Other _______________

Q12 How many people are in your travel party? ________

Q13 How many in your travel party are NOT county residents?

_______

Q14 Is this your first visit to this spring? Y N

Q15 If Y, how did you hear about this spring?

_______________________

Q16 Will you come back to this spri ng in the near future? Y N

Q17 If Y, Within the next 6 months? Y N Within the next year? Y N

Q26 Please rate your visit to this spring:

Poor 1 2 3 4 5 Excellent During the past 24 hours, please indicate the amount spent by your party:

Q18 $_____ Lodging Q19 $_____ Restaurant Meals/Beverages Q20 $_____ Grocery/Convenience Stores Q21 $_____ Admission Fees Q22 $_____ Evening Entertainment Q23 $_____ Ground Transportation Q24 $_____ Shopping Q25 $_____ All Other

Q27 Ethnicity:

1= Caucasian

2= African-American 3= Hispanic

4= Asian

5= Other_______________

Q28 Education: 1= High School Graduate

2= Technical School 3= Some College/College Graduate 4= Post Graduate Degree

Q29 Total Household Income: 1=Under $20,000 3=$50,000-$79,999
2=$20,000-$49,999 4=$80,000+

Q30 Marital Status: 1=Married 2=Single 3=Widowed/Divorced

Q31 If privately owned springs in this area were opened to the public on a limited access basis, how much would you be willing to spend on the entrance fee for each visit if you knew the money would go to the protection of those natural springs? $

________

Q32 Please rate the importance Florida springs have upon your quality of life: Extremely 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Extremely Important Unimportant

Thank you for your help

### 136