IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21-1930

Filed August 31, 2022

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

JOHN HENRY WALKER,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Marshall County, John J. Haney, 

Judge.

A defendant appeals his consecutive sentences for two counts of domestic 

abuse assault and one count of kidnapping. AFFIRMED.

Christine E. Branstad of Branstad & Olson Law Office, Des Moines, for 

appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Sheryl Soich, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee.

Considered by Bower, C.J., Tabor, J., and Vogel, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 

(2022).
2

TABOR, Judge.

John Walker pleaded guilty to domestically abusing his pregnant girlfriend. 

The victim of his abuse suffered a black eye, forehead bruises, and a ruptured 

eardrum. Walker entered Alford pleas to domestic abuse assault causing bodily 

injury, third or subsequent offense; domestic abuse assault, strangulation causing 

bodily injury; and kidnapping in the third degree.1 Walker requested concurrent 

sentences for his assault offenses. The State requested consecutive sentences 

for all offenses.

At the sentencing hearing, Walker flip-flopped from taking responsibility for 

his actions to shifting fault. His allocution started by “apologizing for the crimes 

I’ve done,” yet veered to contesting his guilt and blaming his substance abuse. 

Walker wished he “would have known to approach this differently,” yet already had 

such learning opportunities with his previous domestic abuse convictions. Moved 

by Walker’s lack of remorse in the context of his criminal history, the district court 

imposed consecutive sentences for all three offenses. Now, Walker contends that 

sentence was too harsh. Because the record shows the district court considered 

appropriate sentencing factors, we affirm its exercise of discretion.2

1

“An Alford plea is a variation of a guilty plea.” State v. Burgess, 639 N.W.2d 564, 

567 (Iowa 2001). Under the practice approved in North Carolina v. Alford, 400 

U.S. 25, 37 (1970), Walker did not admit committing the crimes but pleaded guilty 

because the evidence “strongly negate[d]” his claim of innocence. See State v. 

Knight, 701 N.W.2d 83, 85 (Iowa 2005) (citation omitted).

2 We review the sentencing order for the correction of legal error. See State v. 

Damme, 944 N.W.2d at 103. We will reverse if the prison term reveals an abuse 

of discretion or arises from a defect in the sentencing procedure. Id. (citing State 

v. Formaro, 638 N.W.2d 720, 724 (Iowa 2002)).
3

In contesting the consecutive sentences for his domestic abuse offenses, 

Walker argues the district court should have followed the presentence investigation 

(PSI) report recommendation to run those sentences concurrently or given a 

reason for diverting from the PSI recommendation. He highlights the domestic 

abuse offenses involved the same victim, same time frame, and same 

circumstances.

We reject Walker’s argument. Starting from the top: although the 

sentencing court may consider recommendations in the PSI report, it is not bound 

by them. See State v. Headley, 926 N.W.2d 545, 551 (Iowa 2019). Additionally, 

a court’s “failure to acknowledge a particular sentencing circumstance does not 

necessarily mean it was not considered.” State v. Boltz, 542 N.W.2d 9, 11 (Iowa 

Ct. App. 1995). The court noted that it considered the PSI report and information 

when sentencing Walker. The PSI report stated the reporter’s belief that Walker 

was a threat to public safety and noted he claimed he was going to “dog” the victim

upon release from incarceration. While the report recommended concurrent 

instead of consecutive sentences, the court gave greater weight to Walker’s threat 

to public safety along with his own allocution.

The court focused on the callousness of Walker’s repeated assaults and his 

failure to accept responsibility or learn from the past:

One of the things that is most telling to me, Mr. Walker, is that you

wish you would have had the knowledge to approach this 

differently. . . . 

. . . .

You did have that knowledge, sir. You’d been provided 

numerous prior opportunities in the treatment and rehabilitation 

efforts that you’d received based on your prior convictions for 

domestic abuse assault to know different approaches to handle 

these matters. You made decisions, life choices, that not only 
4

impacted you but impacted the victim of these offenses. You show 

a marked lack of insight as to the impact your actions have had upon 

the victim in this matter. . . .

Your acts were violent. They were methodical and they were 

outrageous. They were separate and distinct acts of violence toward 

this woman. They caused her bodily injury. Your lack of remorse, 

your lack of accepting responsibility is telling, and you’ve minimized 

your actions as they relate specifically to the harm you caused this 

victim.

For those reasons and the fact that I agree that I believe you 

are indeed a threat to public safety, I think the record establishes 

strong reasons for me to run these sentences consecutively to each 

other.

The fact that the assaults were against the same victim in the same time frame 

does not preclude consecutive terms. The blows causing bodily injury—either the 

bruising, black eye, or ruptured ear drum—and the strangulation were distinct acts 

of violence creating unique harms to the victim and could merit separate 

punishment.

We discern no abuse of discretion in the sentencing decision. The court 

was free to highlight Walker’s failure to take responsibility for his actions and his 

criminal history. See Knight, 701 N.W.2d at 88 (holding lack of remorse was “highly 

pertinent” to defendant’s need for rehabilitation and chances of reform); see also 

Iowa Code § 907.5(1)(b) (2021). Beyond this reasoning, the court considered 

other appropriate sentencing factors, including Walker’s age, his employment 

history, his criminal record, the nature of each offense, the harm to the victim, and

the treatment available to Walker in the correctional system. See Iowa Code 

§ 907.5(1). Because the district court properly exercised its discretion, we will not 

disturb the consecutive sentences. 

AFFIRMED.