USDA Internal Use Only

United States 

Department of 

Agriculture

Animal and Plant 

Health Inspection 

Service

Veterinary Services

and

Farm Service 

Agency

and

Farm Production and 

Conservation 

Business Center

February 2022

 

USDA Indemnity Values for 

2022: Commercial Table
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 ii

Contributors

Ken Forsythe, Agricultural Economist and Project Lead, USDA:APHIS:VS

Charlotte Ham, Agricultural Economist, USDA:APHIS:VS

Georgi Gabrielyan, Agricultural Economist, USDA:FPAC-BC
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 iii

Table of Contents

Acronyms............................................................................................................................................................iv

Definitions........................................................................................................................................................... v

Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................................................vi

Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1 Background and Objectives............................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Overview of Updates...................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Indemnity Values............................................................................................................................................................. 3

Table 1. USDA Commercial Indemnity Table for 2022 ....................................................................................................... 3

Appendix. Calculation Methods and Data Sources for Commercial Indemnity Valuations............................................. 6

Methods.............................................................................................................................................................. 6

1 Beef Section..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Dairy Section.................................................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Buffalo/Bison and Beefalo Section.................................................................................................................................. 9

4 Swine Section................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 Sheep and Goat Section................................................................................................................................................. 12

6 Poultry Section............................................................................................................................................................... 13

7. Other Commodity Categories....................................................................................................................................... 15

References and Data Sources................................................................................................................................16
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 iv

Acronyms

AMS Agricultural Marketing Service

APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FPAC-BC Farm Production and Conservation Business Center

FSA Farm Service Agency

FMV Fair Market Value

LIP Livestock Indemnity Program

LMIC Livestock Marketing Information Center

NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

VS Veterinary Services

\
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 v

Definitions

Indemnity Monetary payment(s) made to a livestock owner for livestock deaths in 

excess of normal mortality caused by adverse weather or by attacks by 

animals reintroduced into the wild by the Federal Government; and animals 

and animal products taken/destroyed to control/eradicate a disease.

Valuation Method The method used to estimate the monetary value of an asset. Methods 

include establishment of indemnity tables, appraisal evaluation, and 

Farm Service Agency (FSA) historical evaluation.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 vi

Executive Summary

This document contains indemnity values for commercial animal agricultural commodities intended 

for use across U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies or business units that deal with 

indemnity programs. These entities include the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 

(APHIS) Veterinary Services (VS), USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the USDA Farm Production and 

Conservation Business Center (FPAC-BC). 

The commercial indemnity values presented here represent harmonized methods and data sources at 

the USDA level. Use of these values by APHIS-VS, FSA, and FPAC-BC will vary according to program 

differences across these agencies and business units. 

These commercial indemnity values are estimated based on observable market transactions available 

from nationally recognized data sources including the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), the 

USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and the Livestock Marketing Information Center

(LMIC). These data provide observations of market transactions occurring at fair market value (FMV),

which provide the basis for the estimates.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 1

Introduction

1 Background and Objectives

In 2019, USDA APHIS VS began work on a new approach to indemnity value determination for animals the APHIS

classifies as affected, suspect, or exposed to diseases of concern, to eradicate and control foreign animal diseases, 

emerging diseases, and program diseases as authorized by title 9, Code of Federal Regulations (9 CFR). 

This effort was initiated to meet the following goals:

• To harmonize valuation approaches across USDA agencies;

• Address stakeholder requests for a more simplified and unified approach;

• To develop an approach that uses currently available vetted data sources and replace calculators reliant on 

outdated data that cannot be updated due to issues related to data availability; 

• To simplify and document the methods used to calculate values.

To achieve these goals, economists in the USDA APHIS VS and USDA FSA worked together to develop a set of 

harmonized indemnity values and methods to determine values for use in commercial animal production classes with 

a goal for both agencies to use these to determine indemnity for animals. The result of this effort was a 2020 table of 

indemnity values for commercial animal agricultural commodities intended for use across agencies or business units 

that deal with indemnity programs. These entities include the USDA (APHISVS, FSA, and the FPAC-BC. An updated 

version of this table was produced for use in 2021. 

The commercial indemnity values presented here represent updated values for use in 2022. The values again reflect 

the use of harmonized methods and data sources at the USDA level. However, use of these values by APHIS-VS, FSA, 

and FPAC-BC will vary according to program differences across these agencies and business units. 

As in 2020 and 2021, these commercial indemnity values for 2022 are estimated based on observable market 

transactions available from nationally recognized data sources including the USDA AMS, the NASS, and the LMIC. These 

data provide observations of market transactions occurring at FMV, which provide the basis for the estimates.

Table 1 is intended to replace APHIS VS indemnity calculators recently used for commercial cattle, swine, poultry, and 

sheep and goats. It is also intended to provide values for commercial livestock and poultry categories for which VS has 

not recently had indemnity calculators in use. 

The objectives of the changes to indemnity valuations are to:

(1) Develop a transparent and data-driven indemnity value matrix to set indemnity values for all 

regulated species (USDA APHIS 9 CFR, Parts 50-56) and other relevant species.

(2) Harmonize methods and data sources between the USDA APHIS VS, FSA, and the FPAC-BC.

2 Overview of Updates

Differences in the values presented here and in the 2021 document largely reflect the expected market-based changes 

in values. Other changes are highlighted below:
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 2

1. The adult open heifer (or cow) value was calculated using the average annual cwt value obtained from the 

Oklahoma National Stockyards Feeder Cattle sales report rather than the previously used AMS data which 

had become unavailable. Similarly, the bred heifer value was calculated using the NASS cattle, cows price 

received per cwt rather than the previously used AMS data for the same reason.

2. The formula for calculating the Layer 1st lay (18-45 weeks) was changed. Last year’s 2021 value was 

calculated using the layer value from the Chicken and Eggs Report published late February 2020 then 

indexed using the relative price of table eggs. This year’s value was calculated using last years indexed 

value indexed again using the relative price of table eggs. This method was selected because the 

publication date of the Chicken and Eggs Report is late February in the previous year and therefore is lagged 

two years from the date the value was being used. 

3. The data source for calculating the values for bucks and nannies was changed from using Eastanollee market 

values only to now include all of the following markets reports auction prices obtained from USDA AMS. 

Buffalo Livestock Market

Calhoun

Cullman Stockyards

Darlington Livestock Auction

Eastanollee

Humeston Livestock Auction

Kalona Livestock Auction

Montgomery County Livestock Auction

Orangeburg Livestock Auction

Producers Auction Yards (Missouri)

Producers Livestock Auction Co - San Angelo

Public Auction Yards

Russellville Stockyards

Saluda Livestock Auction

SEMO Livestock Sales

Sioux Falls Regional Livestock

St Joseph Stockyards Market

TS White Sheep and Goat Sale

4. Chicken broiler and turkey values are now categorized by age rather than by weight. Two additional turkey 

categories were added to create different values for older, heavier birds vs. younger, lighter birds. 
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 3 

3 Indemnity Values 

Table 1. USDA Commercial Indemnity Table for 2022 

Beef

$ Value per head 

2022 (100% market 

value)

Non-adult beef cattle, less than 12 months of age

Non-adult (< 250 lbs.) 233.69

Non-adult (<400 lbs., changed to 250-399 lbs. for 2020) 632.50

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) steers 1,042.41 

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) heifers 825.07 

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Feeder steers or heifers (800+ lbs.) 1,469.60 

Adult beef cattle, 12 months of age and older

Adult cull cow (non-bred) 841.60

Adult cow bred 1,315.98

Adult bull 1,710.77

Adult open heifer or cow (non-cull) 1,028.72 

Adult bred heifer 1,105.58

Dairy

Non-adult dairy cattle, less than 12 months of age

Non-adult (< 250 lbs.) 60.42

Non-adult (<400 lbs., changed to 250-399 lbs. for 2020) 340.63

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) steers 681.25

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) heifers 681.25

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Steers or heifers (800+ lbs.) 1,112,71

Adult dairy cattle, 12 months of age and older

Adult heifer or cow 1,362.50

Adult bull 1,477.32

Buffalo/Bison 

Non-adult buffalo/bison, less than 12 months of age

Non-adult (< 250 lbs.) 449.11

Non-adult (250-399 lbs.) 745.60

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) 1,629.21

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Steers or heifers (800+ lbs.) 2,187.14

Adult buffalo/bison, 12 months of age and older

Adult heifer or cow 1,982.49
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 4

Adult bull 2,391.79

Beefalo

Non-adult beefalo, less than 12 months of age

Non-adult (< 250 lbs.) 313.98

Non-adult (250-399 lbs.) 673.55

Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) 1,162.05

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Steers or heifers (800+ lbs.) 1,738.68

Adult beefalo, 12 months of age and older

Adult heifer or cow 1,564.95

Adult bull 1,964.90

Swine 

Isoweans: up to 15 lbs. 49.02

Nursery: 15 to 50 lbs. 75.22

Swine, sows, boars, barrows, gilts (50-150 lbs.) 128.31

Swine, sows, boars, barrows, gilts (150-300 lbs.) 178.27

Swine, sows, boars, barrows, gilts (300-450 lbs.) 270.83

Swine, sows/boars (>450 lbs.) 352.10

Sheep

Baby lambs (< 50 lbs.) 131.03

Lambs (51-99 lbs.), includes replacement ewe lambs retained for breeding 284.38

Slaughter lambs (100+ lbs.) 303.69

Yearling ewes maintained for breeding (12-24 months) (not late gestation) 287.34

Yearling ewes (12-24 months) late gestation (last 4 weeks) 385.62

Young ewes maintained for breeding (25-48 months) (not late gestation) 257.23

Young ewes (25-48 months) late gestation (last 4 weeks) 355.50

Middle-aged ewes maintained for breeding (49-72 months) (not late gestation) 212.22

Middle-aged ewes (49-72 months) late gestation (last 4 weeks) 310.49

Aged ewes (73+ months) (not late gestation), includes mature sheep in slaughter channels and wethers 

too old to slaughter as lambs (12+ months based on eruption of first incisors) 192.77

Aged ewes (6+ years) late gestation (last 4 weeks) 291.04

Sire rams of reproductive age 732.18

Goats

Bucks maintained for breeding (12+ months) 285.74

Seedstock nannies/does maintained for breeding (12+ months) (not late gestation) 264.44

Seedstock nannies/does maintained for breeding (12+ months), late gestation (last 4 weeks) 359.47

Other adult goats (nannies/does/bucks) not maintained for breeding (12+ month) 232.75
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 5

Other adult nannies/does (12+ month), late gestation (last 4 weeks) 327.78

Kids (< 40 lbs.) 126.71

Kids (40-60 lbs.) 175.84

Kids (60-80 lbs.) 233.89

Kids (81+ lbs.) 280.37

Chickens, Layers

Table eggs ($/dozen) 0.73

Chick (0-1 week) 0.28

Pullet (2-17 weeks) 3.11

Layer 1st lay (18-45 weeks) 5.74

Layer 2nd lay (46-65 weeks) 2.87

Pre-spent hen (66-75 weeks) 1.44

Spent hen (76 weeks or more) 0.01

Chickens, Broilers

Chickens, deboning/roasters (super roasters/parts, 49+ days of age) 5.21

Chickens, (roasters, 42-48 days of age) 3.96

Chickens, (broilers, 32-41 days of age, and pullets regular size) 3.11

Chickens, (broilers, <32 days of age, and small Cornish hens) 2.09

Chickens, chicks 0.28

Turkeys

Turkeys, toms, 84+ days of age 30.10

Turkeys, toms, 49-83 days of age 24.62

Turkeys, hens, 77+ days of age 18.67

Turkeys, hens, 49-77 days of age 13.33

Turkeys, fryers and roasters, (<49 days of age) 9.45

Turkeys, poults 3.80

Other

Ducks (12 weeks of age and older) 5.60

Ducklings (less than 12 weeks of age) 0.90

Goose (12 weeks of age and older) 42.23

Gosling (less than 12 weeks of age) 8.87

Deer, caribou, & reindeer1 547.33

Elk2 759.75

1 This value is used by VS for adult animals produced for meat. It does not include non-adult animals.

2 This value is used by VS for adult animals produced for meat. It does not include non-adult animals.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 6 

Equine 927.88

Alpaca 405.32

Llama 327.63

Emu 218.33 

Appendix. Calculation Methods and Data Sources for Commercial Indemnity 

Valuations

(Note: All values are estimated at 100 percent of market value.)

Methods

1 Beef Section

Non-adult beef cattle, less than 12 months of age

Beef Non-adult (<250 lbs.)

This estimated value retains the proportional difference between beef non-adult (<250 lbs.) and beef non-adult 

(250-399 lbs.) estimated by FSA in 2020.

Beef Non-adult (250-399 lbs.)

Estimated value is 375 lbs. worth of the NASS cattle, calves price received, measured in $ / cwt obtained through 

NASS Ag Prices --or-- through QuickStats: Survey > Animals & Products > Livestock > Cattle > Price Received > 

Cattle, Calves - Price Received, Measured in $ / cwt. 

Beef Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) Steers

Estimated value is 625 lbs. worth of the average annual cwt value obtained from the Oklahoma National 

Stockyards Feeder Cattle sales report: https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/ams_1280.pdf

Beef Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) Heifers

Estimated value is 550 lbs. worth of the average annual cwt value obtained from the Oklahoma National 

Stockyards Feeder Cattle sales report: https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/ams_1280.pdf. 

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Beef Feeder Steers or Heifers (800 lbs.+)

Estimated value is 1,000 lbs. worth of the average annual cwt value obtained from the Oklahoma National 

Stockyards Feeder Cattle sales report: https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/ams_1280.pdf. 

Adult beef cattle, 12 months of age and older

Adult Cull Cow (non-bred)

Estimated value is 1,200 lbs. worth of the NASS cattle, cows price received per cwt from NASS Ag Prices -ORthrough QuickStats: Survey > Animals & Products > Livestock > Cattle > Price Received > Cattle, Cows - Price 

Received, Measured in $ / cwt.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 7

Adult Cow Bred

Estimated value is based on the adult cull cow value plus 75 percent of the beef non-adult (250-400 lbs.) value.

Adult Bull

Estimated value is based on the adult cow bred value plus 30 percent.

Adult Open Heifers (or Cows)

Estimated value is 700 lbs. worth of the average annual cwt value obtained from the Oklahoma National 

Stockyards Feeder Cattle sales report: https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/ams_1280.pdf.

Bred Heifers

Estimated value is 900 lbs. worth of the NASS cattle, cows price received per cwt from NASS Ag Prices -ORthrough QuickStats: Survey > Animals & Products > Livestock > Cattle > Price Received > Cattle, Cows - Price 

Received, Measured in $ / cwt plus 75 percent of the beef non-adult (250-400 lbs.) value.

2 Dairy Section

Non-adult dairy cattle, less than 12 months of age

Dairy Non-adult (<250 lbs.)

This estimated value retains the proportional difference between Dairy Non-adult (<250 lbs.) and Dairy Nonadult (250-399 lbs.) estimated by FSA in 2020.

Dairy Non-adult (250-400 lbs.)

Value is based on 25 percent of the Adult Cow value.

Dairy Non-adult (400-799 lbs.) Steers and Heifers

Value is based on 50 percent of the Adult Cow value.

Non-age specific (intended for larger feeder animals rather than breeding animals)

Dairy Steers or Heifers (>800 lbs.) 

Assumes 1,000 lbs. of representative weight. Uses the average of per pound price of Adult Dairy Cows and Non-adult 

dairy cows (400-799 lbs.) as the price. 

The 2020 formula is:

1,000*(Average (Adult Dairy Cow value per head/Representative weight, Non-adult (400-799 lbs)/Representative 

weight).

Adult dairy cattle, 12 months of age and older

Dairy Adult Cow (or Heifer)

Based on an average of quarterly prices from NASS Quickstats, Cattle, Cows, Milk - Price Received, Measured in $/hd.

Dairy Adult Bull
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 8

The data source for bulls is the AMS report (LM_CT168) National Weekly Direct Cow and Bull Report - Negotiated Price. 

This report can be accessed through the AMS Data Mart.

To download the Data Mart File for lm_ct168, go to:

https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/

•Cattle

https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/menu.do?path=Products\Cattle

•Weekly Cattle

https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/menu.do?path=Products\Cattle\Weekly Cattle

•(LM_CT168) National Weekly Direct Cow and Bull Report - Negotiated Price

https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/menu.do?path=Products\Cattle\Weekly Cattle\(LM_CT168) National Weekly 

Direct Cow and Bull Report - Negotiated Price

Select “Detail” for “Sub Reports Type” and select dates for the report (in “Report Dates” field on the webpage).

Take rest of defaults and press “Continue.”

https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov/ 

Take defaults, select “CSV” file format and press “Generate Report”.

Select “Download Detail File.”

Convert the .csv file to an .xlsx file. In the converted file, create a pivot table as follows. “Selling Basis” goes in the 

“Filters” area. Select the options of DRESSED and DRESSED – DOMESTIC for Selling Basis. “Classification,” “Weight 

Range,” and “Sum Values” go into the “Columns” area (“Sum Values” shows up automatically). “Region Name” goes in 

the “Rows” area. “Head Count,” “Average Weight,” and “Weighted Avg Price,” go into the “Sum Values” area. In the 

“Sum Values” area, click on each of the fields there to bring up a pull-down menu. Pick “Value Field Settings” from the 

pull-down menu. This brings up options for summarizing each of the fields in the area. For “Head Count,” select “Sum.” 

For the other two fields, select “Average.” 

This pivot table includes carcass prices in $/cwt for bulls 600+ lbs. along with average carcass weights. The assumed 

dressing percentage is 60 percent based on an analysis of USDA NASS data (USDA NASS, February 2020). These data 

were downloaded from:

https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov

The parameters for downloading the necessary report are:

Program: Survey

Sector: Animals & Products

Group: Livestock

Commodity: Cattle

Category: Slaughtered
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 9

Data Item(s): “CATTLE, GE 500 LBS, SLAUGHTER, COMMERCIAL, FI - SLAUGHTERED, MEASURED IN LB / HEAD, DRESSED 

BASIS” and “CATTLE, GE 500 LBS, SLAUGHTER, COMMERCIAL - SLAUGHTERED, MEASURED IN LB / HEAD, LIVE BASIS”

Domain: Total

Geographic Level: National

State: US Total

Year: [enter year as needed]

Period Type: Monthly

Period: January through December

Multiply the carcass prices by the dressing percentage to get the price of a 1,000+ lbs. live weight bull in $/cwt.

Divide the average carcass weights of bulls in the 600+ lbs. category by the dressing percentage to get the average live 

weight of bulls in the 1,000+ lbs. category.

Multiple the live weight price in $/cwt by the average live weight and divide the result by 100 to get $/head for bulls 

in the 1,000+ lbs. category.

3 Buffalo/Bison and Beefalo Section

Buffalo/Bison

Estimated values for all buffalo/bison categories are indexed forward from the previous year’s values using weighted 

annual average bison carcass values (weighted by type and number of head). Bison carcass values are obtained from 

the AMS NW_LS_526 reports.

Beefalo

Values for all beefalo categories are assumed to be a weighted average of 3/8 of the value of bison and 5/8 of the value 

of beef cattle for the equivalent cohort category. For the beef 400 to 799 lbs. category, an average of the steer and 

heifer value is used. 

4 Swine Section

Unless otherwise noted, all values for the swine section are calculated using information from the LMIC website 

(LMIC, January 2021). The specific information is found in the following spreadsheets posted on the LMIC site:

Weekly National Feeder Pig Prices (FeederPigsNational.xls)

Daily National Sow Price (PriorDaySowPurchaseNational.xls)

Weekly Prices & Volumes for Barrows & Gilts and Sows (WeeklyDirectSwine.xls)

To download these spreadsheets, go to the LMIC website at:

http://www.lmic.info/
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 10

Accessing the necessary information from LMIC requires member access (USDA is a member), including 

username and password. Once logged in, go to “Members Only” on the toolbar to get a drop-down menu and 

select “Spreadsheets,” then “Hogs” and “Prices.” The spreadsheets listed above can be found in this Prices 

section.

Isoweans: up to 15 lbs.

The data used for these calculations is found in the FeederPigsNational.xls spreadsheet in the “EW10-12” tab 

under the column headings of Total Composite (Price per Head) > Formula & Cash > Wtd Avg Price. The values 

in this column are reported weekly. The calculation is an annual average across the weekly prices. The assumed 

average weight for isoweans is 11 lbs. (The weight is not used in the calculations.)

Nursery Pigs: 15 lbs. to 50 lbs.

The data used for these calculations is found in the FeederPigsNational.xls spreadsheet in the “40” tab under 

the column headings of Total Composite (Price per Head) > Formula & Cash > Wtd Avg Price. The values in this 

column are reported weekly. The calculation is an annual average across the weekly prices. The assumed 

average weight for nursery pigs is 40 lbs. (The weight is not used in the calculations.)

Swine, Sows, Boars, Barrows, Gilts: 50 to 150 lbs.3

This value is calculated as an average of the nursery pigs value described above and the value for swine, sows, 

boars, barrows, gilts: 150 to 300 lbs. described below4

.

Swine, Sows, Boars, Barrows, Gilts: 150 to 300 lbs. 1,5

The value for this category is based on the HOGS, BARROWS & GILTS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $ / CWT

from NASS Quickstats, https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov

The parameters for downloading the necessary report are:

Program: Survey

Sector: Animals & Products

Group: Livestock

Commodity: Hogs

Category: Prices Received

3 The breakpoint between the 50 to 150 lbs and the 150 lb. to 300 lb. groups is based on prior USDA Farm Service Agency swine categories. 

Weights of market hogs have been increasing rapidly in recent years. This breakpoint may need to be re-evaluated in the future.

4 This category differs from FSA because it is based on different datasets due to differences in categories. FSA averages values for feeder pigs and 

swine 150-450 lbs. 

5 Used NASS data for these categories rather than the LMIC data used for the previous year, due to COVID-19 market disruptions evident in the 

data source. Using the NASS data as described gave a slightly higher value for the 300 to 450 lb. category.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 11

Data Item(s): “HOGS, BARROWS & GILTS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $ / CWT”

Domain: Total

Geographic Level: National

State: US Total

Year: [enter year as needed]

Period Type: Monthly

Period: January through December

The calculation is an annual average across the monthly prices. The prices are presented in $/cwt. To convert 

to $/head, this price is multiplied by an assumed average weight (260 lbs.) and then divided by 100.

Swine, Sows, Boars, Barrows, Gilts: 300 to 450 lbs.5

The data used for these calculations are also based on the HOGS, BARROWS & GILTS - PRICE RECEIVED, 

MEASURED IN $ / CWT from NASS Quickstats (same as above: Swine, sows, boars, barrows, gilts: 150 to 300 

lbs.) The calculation is an annual average across monthly prices. To convert to $/head, this price is multiplied 

by an assumed average weight (395 lbs.) and then divided by 100.

Swine, Sows, Boars, Barrows, Gilts: > 450 lbs.5

The data used for these calculations are NASS Quickstats values for HOGS, SOWS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED 

IN $ / CWT. 

https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov

The parameters for downloading the necessary report are:

Program: Survey

Sector: Animals & Products

Group: Livestock

Commodity: Hogs

Category: Prices Received

Data Item(s): “HOGS, SOWS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $ / CWT”

Domain: Total

Geographic Level: National

State: US Total

Year: [enter year as needed]

Period Type: Monthly

Period: January through December
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 12

The calculation is an annual average across monthly prices. To convert to $/head this price is multiplied by an 

assumed average weight (525 lbs.) and then divided by 100.

5 Sheep and Goat Section

Sheep

The values for the sheep section can be obtained from reports downloaded from the AMS website below (USDA AMS, 

January 2021b):

https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/search-market-news

From this page search for the National Monthly Replacement Sheep Report GL_LS336. This report is released on a 

monthly basis. Values for the sheep categories shown in Table 1 can be found in these reports. An annual average is 

taken of the monthly prices shown in these reports.

The value from this report for ewe lambs under 12 months of age is used as representative of lambs from 51-99 lbs., 

including replacement ewe lambs retained for breeding. 

For ewes in late gestation (last 4 weeks), 75 percent of the baby lamb value is added to the corresponding ewe category. 

The ram value is calculated using the reported values for rams under 12 months (because that is all that was available) 

times 1.3 to account for cost of feeding older rams. 

The slaughter lamb price is calculated using weekly values in cents per pound value from the AMS St. Joseph report 

(https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/lm_lm352.txt) times the representative weight (140 lbs.) divided by 100 to get 

the dollar value.

Goats

Values for bucks and nannies are calculated from the following markets reports auction prices obtained from USDA 

AMS. 

Buffalo Livestock Market

Calhoun

Cullman Stockyards

Darlington Livestock Auction

Eastanollee

Humeston Livestock Auction

Kalona Livestock Auction

Montgomery County Livestock Auction

Orangeburg Livestock Auction

Producers Auction Yards (Missouri)

Producers Livestock Auction Co - San Angelo

Public Auction Yards

Russellville Stockyards

Saluda Livestock Auction

SEMO Livestock Sales

Sioux Falls Regional Livestock
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

 13

St Joseph Stockyards Market

TS White Sheep and Goat Sale

https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/viewReport/2110

An annual average is calculated from the monthly reported values. The annual average buck value is multiplied by 1.3 

to allow for the cost of feeding bucks to maturity since the bucks sold at market are young animals less than 12 months 

of age. 

Remaining values for the goat section are calculated from San Angelo, TX, auction prices obtained from the LMIC. For 

the other adult goats category, an annual average is taken across meat goats for slaughter bucks and nannies

(converted from $/cwt to $/head at a representative live weight of 100 lbs.). For each of the kid categories, an annual 

average is taken across all grades for the given weight categories of feeder and slaughter kids (converted from $/cwt 

to $/head at representative live weights of 35, 50, 70, and 90 lbs. for each of the four kid goat categories).

For nannies in late gestation (last 4 weeks), 75 percent of the kid goat (< 40 lbs.) value is added to the corresponding 

adult goat category.

6 Poultry Section

Chickens, Broilers

Based on (a) NASS Quickstats broiler value times (b) representative weight within weight range. 

(a) NASS Quickstats Broiler Value

https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/

The parameters for downloading the necessary report are:

Program: Survey

Sector: Animals & Products

Group: Poultry

Commodity: Chickens

Category: Prices Received

Data Item(s): “CHICKENS. BROILERS-PRICES RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $/LB”

Domain: Total

Geographic Level: National

State: US Total

Year: [enter year as needed]

Period Type: Monthly

Period: January through December
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

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(b) Representative Weight within Weight Range

Category Pounds

Chickens, deboning/roasters (>7.75 lbs.) 

[Super Roasters/Parts] 9.2

Chickens, (6.26-7.75 lbs.) [Roasters] 7

Chickens, (4.26-6.25 lbs.) [Broilers/Pullets] 5.5

Chickens, (<4.25 lbs.) [Broilers/Cornish hens 

small] 3.7

Chickens, chicks 0.5

Weights were converted to age ranges using the publicly available Aviagen Ross 308 and Ross 308 FF 

performance objectives for 2019 (Aviagen, 2019).

Chickens, Layers

Layer 1st lay (18-45 weeks)

NASS Chicken and Eggs Annual Summary (Page 63) reported in January 2021:

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/1v53jw96n?locale=en

Value per head; United States: December 1, 2018-2019 [Excludes commercial broilers]

2022 value= 2021 value per head times (table egg price 2022/table egg price 2021)

Layer 2nd lay (46-65 weeks): half layer 1st lay value

Pre-spent hen (66-75 weeks): half layer 2nd lay value

Pullets and chicks are the same values as in the broiler section.

Spent hens are assigned a value of $0.01.

Table Eggs ($/dozen) 

Access NASS Quick Stats at the website: https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/ The parameter values for 

downloading the necessary report are as follows:

Program: Survey

Sector: Animals and Products

Group: Poultry

Commodity: Eggs

Category: Price Received

Data Item: Eggs, Table – Price Received, Measured in $/dozen
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

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Domain: Total

Geographic Level: National

State: US Total

Year: [enter year as needed]

Period Type: Monthly 

Period: [enter month as needed]

The annual value is calculated using the monthly data for the previous calendar year.

Turkeys

Hens and Toms

The AMS Weekly National Fresh and Frozen Whole Young Turkeys Report is the data source recommended for 

the turkey commercial indemnity values. It can be found at the website below (USDA AMS, January 2021b):

https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/turkey-market-news-reports

The report provides weekly values for fresh hens (8-16 lbs.) and toms (16-24 lbs.) in cents per pound to be used 

when calculating the annual values for the previous calendar year. The estimated value for hens and toms is

calculated by selecting the midpoint weight for each range (hens=12; toms=20) then multiplying by the average 

annual value for each classification. An additional category for roasters and fryers (5-9 lbs.) is calculated using 

the midpoint weight, 7 lbs., times the average price per pound for hens and toms combined. 

Weights were converted to age ranges using the publicly available Aviagen performance objectives for Nicholas 

Select, B.U.T 6, and Premium turkeys (Aviagen, undated).

Poults

Annual average value based on weekly reports from Graystone Small Animal Auction Sale

https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/livestock-poultry-and-grain-other-reports

https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/filerepo/sites/default/files/2753/2020-05-

14/199332/ams_2753_00012.txt

7. Other Commodity Categories

(Methods and data sources adopted from USDA FSA LIP Table for 2021 adjusted to 100 percent of market value (USDA 

FSA, January 2021).)

Ducks (12 weeks of age and older): Initial data source: USDA AMS WEEKLY CENTRAL REGION DUCKLING (NW_PY046). 

(1) Assuming 4.5 lbs. per duck times the average annual mid-point price per lbs. (2). Take farm price of broilers Nass 

Quickstats; (3) AMS report 2758 monthly composite weighted average. (4) Obtain the ratio of (2)/(3) for the reporting 

year. (5) Take the 4-year rolling average of the ratio (4). (6) Multiply the price obtained in (1) by the ratio obtained in 

(5).

Ducklings (less than 12 weeks of age): Assumes 16 percent of the value of mature duck.
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

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Goose (12 weeks of age and older): Initial data source: USDA AMS WHOLESALE NEW YORK CITY GOOSE PRICE 

(AJ_PY038). (1) Assuming 12lbs. per goose times the average annual mid-point price per lbs. (2). Take farm price of 

broilers NASS Quickstats; (3) AMS report 2758 monthly composite weighted average (4) Obtain the ratio of (2)/(3) for 

the reporting year. (5) Take the 4-year rolling average of the ratio (4). (6) Multiply the price obtained in (1) by the ratio 

obtained in (5).

Gosling (less than 12 weeks of age): Assumes 21 percent value of mature goose.

Deer, Caribou & Reindeer: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by 

the year-over-year value change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

Elk: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by the year-over-year value 

change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

Equine: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by the year-over-year 

value change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

Alpaca: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by the year-over-year 

value change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

Llama: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by the year-over-year 

value change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

Emu: Initial public data source: None. Adjusts the FSA LIP payment rate of the previous year by the year-over-year 

value change in adult beef (cull) cow (see Beef Cattle section above).

References and Data Sources 

Aviagen, 2019. Ross 308 and Ross 308 FF performance objectives. 

https://en.aviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/Ross_Broiler/Ross308-308FF-BroilerPO2019-EN.pdf

Aviagen, undated. Nicholas Select, B.U.T 6, and Premium turkey performance objectives.

https://www.aviagenturkeys.us/uploads/2021/01/14/Nicholas%20Comm%20Perf%20Obj%20Select.pdf

https://www.aviagenturkeys.us/uploads/2018/06/27/BUT%206%20Comm%20Perf%20Obj.pdf

https://www.aviagenturkeys.us/uploads/2021/08/11/Premium%20Commercial%20Performance%20Objectives.pdf

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2010. Agribusiness Handbook for 

Poultry Meat & Eggs http://www.fao.org/3/al175e/al175e.pdf

Livestock Marketing Information Center (LMIC) website, accessed January 15, 2021. 

https://www.lmic.info/

Penn State (Pennsylvania State University) Extension, July 2017. Growth Charts for Dairy Heifers. 

https://extension.psu.edu/growth-charts-for-dairy-heifers

USDA AMS (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service), January 2021. 

Custom Reports. https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/custom-reports

USDA AMS (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service), January 2021a. 

Data Mart. https://mpr.datamart.ams.usda.gov
Commercial Indemnity Values for 2022 

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USDA AMS (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service), January 2021b. 

Market News. https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/search-market-news

USDA APHIS 9 CFR, Parts 50-56 (United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health 

Inspection Service). U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

USDA APHIS VS (United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 

Veterinary Services), July 2018. “Policy and Process Recommendations to Improve Indemnity for

Species Regulated Under Title 9, Parts 50-56, in the Code of Federal Regulations.”

USDA FPAC-BC (United States Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation Business 

Center), January 2020. Livestock Values 1_15_2021. xlsx, unpublished Excel Spreadsheet. Washington, 

DC.

USDA FSA (United States Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency), January 2021. Livestock 

Indemnity Program, Fact Sheet. Washington, DC. (draft). Most recent public version of this factsheet is 

available at:

https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSAPublic/usdafiles/FactSheets/livestock_indemnity_program_lip-fact_sheet.pdf

USDA NASS (United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service), January

2021. https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/

USDA NASS (United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service) Chickens 

and Eggs Annual Summary, January 2021, 

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/1v53jw96n?locale=en

For more information

Project Lead: Kenneth Forsythe (970) 494-7285, kenneth.w.forsythe@usda.gov or the USDA APHIS 

Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health at 970-494-7000.