EX-4.6



 Exhibit 4.6 

SUBORDINATED INDENTURE 

BIOAMBER INC. 
 ISSUER

 and 

COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A. 
  

 
 TRUSTEE 

Dated as of 
  

 
  







 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
	 ARTICLE I
	 	 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
	  	 	1	  
	 Section 1.01
	 	 Definitions
	  	 	1	  
	 Section 1.02
	 	 Other Definitions
	  	 	4	  
	 Section 1.03
	 	 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act
	  	 	5	  
	 Section 1.04
	 	 Rules of Construction
	  	 	5	  
	 ARTICLE II
	 	 THE SECURITIES
	  	 	5	  
	 Section 2.01
	 	 Issuable in Series
	  	 	5	  
	 Section 2.02
	 	 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities
	  	 	6	  
	 Section 2.03
	 	 Execution and Authentication
	  	 	7	  
	 Section 2.04
	 	 Registrar and Paying Agent
	  	 	8	  
	 Section 2.05
	 	 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust
	  	 	8	  
	 Section 2.06
	 	 Holder Lists
	  	 	8	  
	 Section 2.07
	 	 Transfer and Exchange
	  	 	8	  
	 Section 2.08
	 	 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 2.09
	 	 Outstanding Securities
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 2.10
	 	 Treasury Securities
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 2.11
	 	 Temporary Securities
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 2.12
	 	 Cancellation
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 2.13
	 	 Defaulted Interest
	  	 	10	  
	 Section 2.14
	 	 Global Securities
	  	 	10	  
	 Section 2.15
	 	 CUSIP Numbers
	  	 	11	  
	 ARTICLE III
	 	 REDEMPTION
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 3.01
	 	 Notice to Trustee
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 3.02
	 	 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 3.03
	 	 Notice of Redemption
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 3.04
	 	 Effect of Notice of Redemption
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 3.05
	 	 Deposit of Redemption Price
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 3.06
	 	 Securities Redeemed in Part
	  	 	12	  


  
 i 









							
	 ARTICLE IV
	 	 COVENANTS
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 4.01
	 	 Payment of Principal and Interest
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 4.02
	 	 SEC Reports
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 4.03
	 	 Compliance Certificate
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 4.04
	 	 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws
	  	 	13	  
	 ARTICLE V
	 	 SUCCESSORS
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 5.01
	 	 When Company May Merge, Etc.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 5.02
	 	 Successor Corporation Substituted
	  	 	13	  
	 ARTICLE VI
	 	 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
	  	 	14	  
	 Section 6.01
	 	 Events of Default
	  	 	14	  
	 Section 6.02
	 	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment
	  	 	15	  
	 Section 6.03
	 	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee
	  	 	15	  
	 Section 6.04
	 	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim
	  	 	16	  
	 Section 6.05
	 	 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities
	  	 	16	  
	 Section 6.06
	 	 Application of Money Collected
	  	 	16	  
	 Section 6.07
	 	 Limitation on Suits
	  	 	16	  
	 Section 6.08
	 	 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.09
	 	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.10
	 	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.11
	 	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.12
	 	 Control by Holders
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.13
	 	 Waiver of Past Defaults
	  	 	17	  
	 Section 6.14
	 	 Undertaking for Costs
	  	 	18	  
	 ARTICLE VII
	 	 TRUSTEE
	  	 	18	  
	 Section 7.01
	 	 Duties of Trustee
	  	 	18	  
	 Section 7.02
	 	 Rights of Trustee
	  	 	19	  
	 Section 7.03
	 	 Individual Rights of Trustee
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 7.04
	 	 Trustee’s Disclaimer
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 7.05
	 	 Notice of Defaults
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 7.06
	 	 Reports by Trustee to Holders
	  	 	21	  
	 Section 7.07
	 	 Compensation and Indemnity
	  	 	21	  
	 Section 7.08
	 	 Replacement of Trustee
	  	 	21	  
	 Section 7.09
	 	 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.
	  	 	22	  
	 Section 7.10
	 	 Eligibility; Disqualification
	  	 	22	  
	 Section 7.11
	 	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company
	  	 	22	  
	 ARTICLE VIII
	 	 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
	  	 	22	  
	 Section 8.01
	 	 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture
	  	 	22	  
	 Section 8.02
	 	 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification
	  	 	23	  
	 Section 8.03
	 	 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series
	  	 	23	  
	 Section 8.04
	 	 Covenant Defeasance
	  	 	25	  
	 Section 8.05
	 	 Repayment to Company
	  	 	25	  
	 Section 8.06
	 	 Reinstatement
	  	 	25	  
	 ARTICLE IX
	 	 AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
	  	 	26	  
	 Section 9.01
	 	 Without Consent of Holders
	  	 	26	  
	 Section 9.02
	 	 With Consent of Holders
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 9.03
	 	 Limitations
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 9.04
	 	 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 9.05
	 	 Revocation and Effect of Consents
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 9.06
	 	 Notation on or Exchange of Securities
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 9.07
	 	 Trustee Protected
	  	 	28	  
	 ARTICLE X
	 	 MISCELLANEOUS
	  	 	28	  
	 Section 10.01
	 	 Trust Indenture Act Controls
	  	 	28	  
	 Section 10.02
	 	 Notices
	  	 	28	  
	 Section 10.03
	 	 Communication by Holders with Other Holders
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.04
	 	 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.05
	 	 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.06
	 	 Rules by Trustee and Agents
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.07
	 	 Legal Holidays
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.08
	 	 No Recourse Against Others
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.09
	 	 Counterparts
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 10.10
	 	 Governing Laws
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.11
	 	 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.12
	 	 Successors
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.13
	 	 Severability
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.14
	 	 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.15
	 	 Securities in a Foreign Currency
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.16
	 	 Judgment Currency
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 10.17
	 	 U.S.A. Patriot Act
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 10.18
	 	 Waiver of Jury Trial
	  	 	31	  
	 ARTICLE XI
	 	 SINKING FUNDS
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 11.01
	 	 Applicability of Article
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 11.02
	 	 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 11.03
	 	 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund
	  	 	32	  


  
 ii 








 BIOAMBER INC. 

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and 

Indenture, dated as of 
  

					
	 Section 310 (a)(1)
	  	 	7.10	  
	 (a)(2)
	  	 	7.10	  
	 (a)(3)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 (a)(4)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 (a)(5)
	  	 	7.10	  
	 (b)
	  	 	7.10	  
	 Section 311 (a)
	  	 	7.11	  
	 (b)
	  	 	7.11	  
	 (c)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 Section 312 (a)
	  	 	2.06	  
	 (b)
	  	 	10.03	  
	 (c)
	  	 	10.03	  
	 Section 313 (a)
	  	 	7.06	  
	 (b)(1)
	  	 	7.06	  
	 (b)(2)
	  	 	7.06	  
	 (c)(1)
	  	 	7.06	  
	 (d)
	  	 	7.06	  
	 Section 314 (a)
	  	 	4.02, 10.05	  
	 (b)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 (c)(1)
	  	 	10.04	  
	 (c)(2)
	  	 	10.04	  
	 (c)(3)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 (d)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 (e)
	  	 	10.05	  
	 (f)
	  	 	NOT APPLICABLE	  
	 Section 315 (a)
	  	 	7.01	  
	 (b)
	  	 	7.05	  
	 (c)
	  	 	7.01	  
	 (d)
	  	 	7.01	  
	 (e)
	  	 	6.14	  
	 Section 316 (a)
	  	 	2.10	  
	 (a)(1)(a)
	  	 	6.12	  
	 (a)(1)(b)
	  	 	6.13	  
	 (b)
	  	 	6.08	  
	 Section 317 (a)(1)
	  	 	6.03	  
	 (a)(2)
	  	 	6.04	  
	 (b)
	  	 	2.05	  
	 Section 318 (a)
	  	 	10.01	  

 Subordinated Indenture dated as of between BioAmber Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Company”), and
Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a national banking association, as trustee (“Trustee”). 
 Each party agrees as follows for the benefit
of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture. 
  

  
 iii 








 ARTICLE I 

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 

Section 1.01 Definitions 
 “Additional
Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and
which are owing to such Holders. 
 “Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or
controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control
with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by
agreement or otherwise. 
 “Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. 

“Applicable Procedures” means, with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the
rules and procedures of DTC or any successor Depositary, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time. 

“Authorized Newspaper” means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication customarily published at least once a day for
at least five days in each calendar week and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used. 
 “Bearer”
means anyone in possession from time to time of a Bearer Security. 
 “Bearer Security” means any Security, including any interest coupon
appertaining thereto, that does not provide for the identification of the Holder thereof. 
 “Board of Directors” means the Board of
Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof. 
 “Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.

 “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law,
regulation or executive order to close or be closed in the State of New York, the State of Colorado or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office. 

  
 1 








 “Capital Interests” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other
equivalents (however designated) of capital stock, including, without limitation, with respect to partnerships, partnership interests (whether general or limited) and any other interest or participation that confers on a person the right to receive
a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, such partnership. 
 “Company” means the party named as such above
until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor. 
 “Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the
Company by two Officers, and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Company Request” means a written request signed in the name of the Company by
its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee. 

“Corporate Trust Office” means the address of the Trustee specified in Section 10.02, or such other address as to which the Trustee may
give notice to the Holders and the Company. 
 “Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an
Event of Default. 
 “Depositary” means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or part in the form of
one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person,
“Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series. 

“Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02. 
 “Dollars” and “$” means the currency
of The United States of America. 
 “DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation. 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

“Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America. 

“Foreign Government Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct
obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or
instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option
of the issuer thereof. 
 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the
Accounting Principles Board of the American Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession. 

“Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established
pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee. 

“Holder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered in the records of the Registrar or the Bearer of a Bearer Security. 

  
 2 








 “Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include
the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder. 
 “interest” with respect to any Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity means interest payable after Maturity. 
 “Maturity,” when used with respect
to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of
acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. 
 “Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, any
Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company. 
 “Officers’
Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written
opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company. 
 “person” means
any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 

“principal” of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in
respect of, the Security. 
 “Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office with direct
responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a
particular subject. 
 “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

“Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture. 
 “Senior Indebtedness” of a person means the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, and any other payment due pursuant to
any of the following, whether outstanding at the date hereof or hereafter incurred or created: 
 (a) all of the indebtedness of that person for money
borrowed; 
 (b) all of the indebtedness of that person evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other securities sold by that person for money; 

(c) all of the lease obligations which are capitalized on the books of that person in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(d) all indebtedness of others of the kinds described in either of the preceding clauses (a) or (b) above and all lease obligations of others of the
kind described in the preceding clause (c) above that the person, in any manner, assumes or guarantees or that the person in effect guarantees through an agreement to purchase, whether that agreement is contingent or otherwise; and 

(e) all amendments, renewals, extensions or refundings of indebtedness of the kinds described in any of the preceding clauses (a), (b) and (d) and
all renewals or extensions of leases of the kinds described in either of the preceding clauses (c) or (d) above; 
 unless, in the case of
any particular indebtedness, lease, renewal, extension or refunding, the instrument or lease creating or evidencing it or the assumption or guarantee relating to it expressly provides that such indebtedness, lease, renewal, extension or refunding is
not superior in right of payment to the Securities. 

  
 3 








 “Series” or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or
other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof. 
 “Stated Maturity” means when used with respect
to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable. 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any person, any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total
voting power of shares of Capital Interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the partners’
Capital Interests (considering all partners’ Capital Interests as a single class), is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such person or combination thereof. 

“TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended. 

“Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with
respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series. 
 “U.S. Government Obligations”
means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or
instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof,
and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount
received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt. 
 Section 1.02 Other
Definitions. 
  

					
	 TERM
	  	DEFINED
IN
SECTION	 
	 Bankruptcy Law
	  	 	6.01	  
	 Custodian
	  	 	6.01	  
	 Event of Default
	  	 	6.01	  
	 Judgment Currency
	  	 	10.16	  
	 Legal Holiday
	  	 	10.07	  
	 mandatory sinking fund payment
	  	 	11.01	  
	 Market Exchange Rate
	  	 	10.15	  
	 New York Banking Day
	  	 	10.16	  
	 optional sinking fund payment
	  	 	11.01	  
	 Paying Agent
	  	 	2.04	  
	 Registrar
	  	 	2.04	  
	 Required Currency
	  	 	10.16	  
	 Service Agent
	  	 	2.04	  
	 successor person
	  	 	5.01	  


  
 4 








 Section 1.03 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. 

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA
terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: 
 “Commission” means the SEC. 

“indenture securities” means the Securities. 

“indenture security holder” means a Holder. 

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture. 

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee. 

“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities. 

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not
otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined. 
 Section 1.04 Rules of Construction. 

Unless the context otherwise requires: 
 (a) a term has the
meaning assigned to it; 
 (b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles; 
 (c) references to “generally accepted accounting principles” and “GAAP’ shall mean generally accepted accounting
principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied; 
 (d) “or” is not exclusive;

 (e) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and 

(f) provisions apply to successive events and transactions. 

ARTICLE II 
 THE
SECURITIES 
 Section 2.01 Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture or Officers’ Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers’
Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date
from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. 

  
 5 








 Section 2.02 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities. At or prior to the
issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.02(a) and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections
2.02(b) through 2.02(s)) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate: 

(a) the form and title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series); 

(b) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued; 

(c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for
Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.07, 2.08, 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06); 

(d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable; 

(e) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited
to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such
interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date; 
 (f) the place or places
where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in
respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means; 
 (g)
if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; 

(h) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the
option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 

(i) the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders
thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations; 
 (j) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable; 
 (k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02; 

(l) the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and the agency or organization, if any,
responsible for overseeing such composite currency and the Paying Agent for such Foreign Currency Securities (which shall not be the Trustee without the consent of the Trustee); 

(m) the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series; 

(n) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the
requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02; 

  
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 (o) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the
Series; 
 (p) the provisions, if any, relating to conversion of any Securities of such Series, including, if applicable, the securities into which the
Securities are convertible, the conversion price, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price
and provisions affecting conversion if such Series of Securities are redeemed; 
 (q) whether payment on the Securities of such Series will be subordinated
to the payment of Senior Indebtedness and, if applicable, a description of the subordination terms thereof; 
 (r) any depositaries, interest rate
calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein; and 

(s) any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series), but
which shall not affect the rights, duties, obligations or immunities of the Trustee without the consent of the Trustee. 
 All Securities of any one Series
need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate referred to
above, and, unless otherwise provided, a Series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for increases in the aggregate principal amount of such Series and issuances of additional Securities of such Series. 

Section 2.03 Execution and Authentication. At least one Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile
signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of
the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature of the Trustee shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. At any time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Securities executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication
and delivery pursuant to electronic instructions in PDF from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officers’ Certificate. The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.02 or 2.08. Prior to the first issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to
Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers’ Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the
terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers’ Certificate complying with Section 10.04 relating to the issuance, authentication and delivery of the Securities and (c) an Opinion of
Counsel complying with Section 10.04 relating to the issuance, authentication and delivery of the Securities. The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being
advised by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; (b) if the Trustee shall determine in good faith that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities;
or (c) if the issuance of such Securities will affect the rights, powers, duties or immunities of the Trustee under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The Trustee may
appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes
authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company. 

  
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 Section 2.04 Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company shall maintain, with respect to
each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”),
where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be
served (“Service Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any
change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional service
agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent in each place so
specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any
additional paying agent; and the term “Service Agent” includes any additional service agent. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying
Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued. 
 Section 2.05
Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all
money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee
may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a
Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities
all money held by it as Paying Agent. 
 Section 2.06 Holder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee at least ten (10) days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of
Holders of each Series of Securities. 
 Section 2.07 Transfer and Exchange. Where Securities of a Series are presented to the
Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the
exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Securities at the Company’s request upon receipt of a
Company Order. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or similar charge payable in
connection therewith (other than any such tax or similar charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06). Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange
Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day
of such mailing, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for
redemption in part. All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon
such transfer or exchange. Every Security presented or surrendered for transfer or exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in writing. 

  
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 Section 2.08 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. 

(a) If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, authenticate and
make available for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee
(i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of
notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is
about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 
 (b) Upon the issuance of any new
Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith. Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen
Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder. The provisions of this Section are
exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. 

Section 2.09 Outstanding Securities. The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee
except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser. If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a
Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding
and interest on them ceases to accrue. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities
have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that
would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02. 

Section 2.10 Treasury Securities. In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have
concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on
any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. 

Section 2.11 Temporary Securities. Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon receipt of a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary
Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and execute and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities.
Until so exchanged, temporary Securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities. 
 Section 2.12
Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment.
The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has
paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 

  
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 Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest. If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a
Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest at the rate established for the particular Series, if any, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series
on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the special record date and payment date. At least ten (10) days before the special record date, the Company shall mail to the Trustee and to each Holder of the Series a notice that
states the record date, the related payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may also pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner. 

Section 2.14 Global Securities. 
 (a)
Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers’ Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the
Depositary for such Global Security or Securities. 
 (b) Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in
Section 2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its
nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and,
in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating
that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing and the Depositary requests the Company to exchange the
Securities. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms. 
 (c) A Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to
such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor
Depositary. 
 (d) Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 

“This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a
nominee of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a
whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor
Depositary.” 
 (e) Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture. 
 (f) Payments.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof. 

(g) [Reserved]. 

  
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 (h) The Depositary or its nominee, as registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global
Security for all purposes under the Indenture and the Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant to the Applicable Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner’s beneficial interest in a
Global Security will be shown only on, and the transfer of such interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee and such owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security will not be considered the
owners or holders thereof. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Global Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption or repurchase) to a Holder of a Global
Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance with
applicable Depositary procedures. 
 Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP”
numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, “CUSIP” numbers shall be used in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such
numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any
defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in “CUSIP” numbers of which the Company becomes aware. 

ARTICLE III 
 REDEMPTION

 Section 3.01 Notice to Trustee. The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and
pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is
redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the
principal amount of the Series of Securities to be redeemed at least 40, and not more than 60, days before the redemption date. 

Section 3.02 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed. Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a
supplemental indenture or an Officers’ Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate
or in accordance with the procedures of the applicable Depositary. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Securities of a Series and portions selected for redemption shall
be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.02(j), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof.
Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption. The Trustee shall not be liable for the selection made in accordance with this
Section 3.02. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed. 
 Section 3.03 Notice of Redemption. 

(a) At least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail a notice of redemption by first-class mail to each Holder whose
Securities are to be redeemed and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish on one occasion a notice in an Authorized Newspaper. The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state: 

(i) the redemption date; 
 (ii) the redemption price or the manner
of the calculation of the redemption price; 
 (iii) the name and address of the Paying Agent; 

  
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 (iv) that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the
redemption price; 
 (v) that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; 

(vi) the CUSIP number, if any; and 
 (vii) any other information
as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed. 
 At the Company’s written request, the Trustee
shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense; provided that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least five Business Days (or such shorter period as the Trustee may consent to in writing) before
notice of redemption is required to be mailed or caused to be mailed to Holders pursuant to this Section 3.03, an Officers’ Certificate of the Company requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be
stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph. 
 Section 3.04 Effect of Notice of Redemption. Once notice of
redemption is mailed or published as provided in Section 3.03, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender
to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date; provided that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the redemption date shall be payable to the
Holders of such Securities (or one or more predecessor Securities) registered at the close of business on the relevant record date therefor according to their terms and the terms of this Indenture. 

Section 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price. On or before 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall
deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date. 

Section 3.06 Securities Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and execute
and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order, shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered. 

ARTICLE IV 
 COVENANTS

 Section 4.01 Payment of Principal and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each
Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture by 10:00 a.m., New York City time on the due date.

 Section 4.02 SEC Reports. The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, electronically file with the
Commission the annual, quarterly and other periodic reports that the Company is required to file (or would be otherwise required to file) with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with
the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a). Delivery of any reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information
contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officers’ Certificate). 

Section 4.03 Compliance Certificate. The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee,
within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (which on the date hereof ends on December 31) of the Company, an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not to the knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the
performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder), and if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, specifying all such
Defaults or Events of Default and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. 

  
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 The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, within thirty
(30) days after becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers’ Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto; provided that no notice
shall be required to the extent that the event that would constitute a Default or Event of Default has been cured or waived. 

Section 4.04 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at
any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this
Indenture or the Securities and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of
any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. 

Section 4.05 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain an office or agency required under Section 2.04. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and of any change in location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the
Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands. 
 ARTICLE V 

SUCCESSORS 

Section 5.01 When Company May Merge, Etc. The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease
all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, another person (a “successor person”) unless: 
 (a) the Company is the surviving
person or the successor person (if other than the Company) is organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture pursuant to
a supplemental indenture; and 
 (b) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be
continuing. 
 For the avoidance of doubt, notwithstanding the foregoing, the sale, conveyance or transfer of intellectual property and similar or related
assets and the Company’s equity ownership interests in foreign Subsidiaries to one or more of its Subsidiaries, in each case, in connection with its global tax optimization strategies in conjunction with business operations will not be
considered “all or substantially all of its properties and assets.” 
 The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the
proposed transaction an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture. 

Section 5.02 Successor Person Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of
all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section
 5.01, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into or with
which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this
Indenture and the Securities. 

  
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 ARTICLE VI 

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 

Section 6.01 Events of Default. 

“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the
establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers’ Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default: 

(a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30
days; or 
 (b) default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or 

(c) default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty for which the
consequences of nonperformance or breach are addressed elsewhere in this Section 6.01 and other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a Series of Securities other than that Series), which
default continues uncured for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or 

(d) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: 

(i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding; 
 (ii) consents to
the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, 
 (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all
of its property, 
 (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or 

(v) makes an admission in writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or 

(e) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: 

(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, 

(ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or 

(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains un-stayed and in effect for 90 days; or

 (f) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officers’ Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.02(n). 
 The term “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11 of the U.S.
Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 

  
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 Section 6.02 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. If an Event of Default
with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e)), then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities)
of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal
amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect
to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that
Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if (a) the Company has paid and deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (1) all overdue instalments of
interest on all Securities of that Series, (2) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that Series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate borne by the
Securities of that Series, (3) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue instalments of interest at the rate borne by the Securities of that Series, and (4) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee
hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and (b) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the
non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13. No
such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon. 
 Section 6.03 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for
Enforcement by Trustee. 
 The Company covenants that if: 

(a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30
days, or 
 (b) default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay
to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
 If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the
Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company
or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated. 

If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or
agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

  
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 Section 6.04 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any
receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other
obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on
the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any) and interest
owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any
custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to
the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under
Section 7.07. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or
the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 

Section 6.05 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or
the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own
name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the
Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 6.06 Application of Money Collected.
Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of
the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 
 First: To the payment of all
amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07; and 
 Second: Subject to the terms of Article XII, to the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
principal (and premium, if any) of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such
Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and 
 Third: To the Company. 

Section 6.07 Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial
or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless: 
 (a) such Holder
has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series; 
 (b) the Holders of at
least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(c) such Holder or Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; 
 (d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity
has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 

  
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 (e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series; 
 it being
understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to
obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders. 

Section 6.08 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this
Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. 

Section 6.09 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or
remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the
Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted. 
 Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.08, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and
remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder,
or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 

Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any
right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the
Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. 

Section 6.12 Control by Holders. Subject to Section 7.02(f), the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such Series, provided that: 
 (a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, expose the Trustee to personal
liability or be unduly prejudicial to Holders not joining therein, and 
 (b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not
inconsistent with such direction. 
 Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default (i) in the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences,
including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration) or (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such Series
affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default
or impair any right consequent thereon. 

  
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 Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
Holder of any Security by its acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable
attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any
Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date). 

Section 6.15 Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any
time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this
Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee,
but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. 
 ARTICLE VII 

TRUSTEE 
 Section 7.01 Duties of
Trustee. 
 (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. 

(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: 
 (i)
The Trustee need perform only those duties that are expressly and specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. 

(ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely and is fully protected, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness
of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provisions hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical
calculations or other facts stated therein). 
 (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to
act or its own willful misconduct, except that: 
 (i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section. 

(ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent
in ascertaining the pertinent facts. 

  
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 (iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it
with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture. 
 (iv) No provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds
for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. 
 (d) Whether or not
therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the conduct or affects the liability of or affords protection to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this Section. 

(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power at the request or direction of any Holder unless it receives indemnity
satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense. 
 (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as
the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

(g) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including the right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be
enforceable by the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and to its agents. The provisions set forth in this Section 7.01 shall apply to the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and its agents. 

Section 7.02 Rights of Trustee. 
 (a) The Trustee may
rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person or persons. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document. 

(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting in connection with this Indenture, it may require an Officers’ Certificate. The Trustee shall not be
liable for any action it takes or omits to take in reliance on such Officers’ Certificate. Any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order and any resolution of
the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution. 
 (c) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform
any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent or attorney appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the
Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary. 
 (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes
or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute negligence. 

(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in
respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon. 
 (f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to
exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request or direction. 

  
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 (g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or
investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or
attorney. 
 (h) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default, other than a failure by the Company to make any payment
hereunder when due, unless written notice is received by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture and states
that it is a notice of Default or Event of Default. 
 (i) The permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as
duties. 
 (j) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any special, indirect, punitive, incidental or consequential loss or damage of any
kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, lost profits) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. 

(k) Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations under this Indenture
arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; wars; acts of terrorism; civil or military disturbances; sabotage; epidemic;
riots; interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, computer (hardware or software) or communications services; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority or governmental action; it being understood that each of the Trustee
and Agents shall use commercially reasonable efforts to resume performance as soon as reasonably practicable under the circumstances. 
 (l) The Trustee
shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder. 
 (m) The Trustee may request that the
Company deliver an Officers’ Certificate setting forth the names of the individuals and/or titles of Officers (with specimen signatures) authorized at such times to take specific actions pursuant to this Indenture. 

Section 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of
Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11. 

Section 7.04 Trustee’s Disclaimer. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities (except for the Trustee’s
certificate of authentication) shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities
and it shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. 
 Section 7.05
Notice of Defaults. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has received written notice thereof, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder of
the Securities of that Series and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the
Trustee has received written notice of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as a Responsible Officer of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders of that Series. 

  
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 Section 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders. Within 60 days after May 15 in each
year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish once in an Authorized Newspaper, a brief report dated as of
such May 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313. A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of
that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange. 

Section 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity. The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the
Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, expenses and disbursements of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify each of the
Trustee and any predecessor Trustee and hold each of them harmless against any loss, liability or expense, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it arising out of or in
connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. This
indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders, advisors, representatives and agents of the Trustee. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any
officer, director, employee, shareholder, advisor, representative or agent of the Trustee through the negligence or bad faith of the Trustee. The obligations of the Company under this Section shall not be subordinated to the payment of Senior
Indebtedness pursuant to Article XII. To secure the Company’s obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money, funds or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that funds
held in trust to pay principal of or interest on particular Securities of that Series. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the
compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any insolvency, bankruptcy or similar law. The provisions of this Section shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this
Indenture. 
 Section 7.08 Replacement of Trustee. A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee
shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days
prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may
remove the Trustee (by written notice to the Trustee) with respect to Securities of one or more Series if: 
 (a) the Trustee fails to comply with
Section 7.10; 
 (b) the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any insolvency,
bankruptcy or similar law; 
 (c) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or 

(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. 
 If the Trustee
resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. 
 If a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. 

  
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 If a successor trustee is appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the
Issuer, the predecessor trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of any applicable series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto which shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or
desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the predecessor trustee with respect to the Securities of any Series as to which the predecessor trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the predecessor trustee,
and shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such
supplemental indenture shall constitute such trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts under separate indentures. 

No successor trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall accept appointment as provided in this Section 7.08 unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and eligible under the provisions of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. 

A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring
Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have
all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Holder of each such Series and, if
any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish such notice on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall
continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee. 
 Section 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. If the Trustee consolidates
with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business (including administration of this Indenture) to, another person, the successor person without any further act shall be the successor Trustee. In
case any Securities of any Series shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the
Securities of any Series so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities of such Series. 

Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification. This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA
Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5) and has a combined capital and surplus (together with its parent and Affiliates) of at least $50,000,000. The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b). 

Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any
creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated. 

ARTICLE VIII 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE 

Section 8.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.01), and the Trustee, upon Company
Request and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 
 (a) any of
the following shall have occurred: 
 (i) no Securities have been issued hereunder; 

(ii) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or
paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 

  
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 (iii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (1) have become due and
payable, or (2) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (3) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company; 
 and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust
funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case
of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; 

(b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable by the Company under this Indenture; and 

(c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. 
 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.01, 8.02 and
8.05 shall survive. 
 Section 8.02 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification. 

(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01, all money and U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (other than the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or analogous payments as contemplated by
Sections 8.03 or 8.04; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 
 (b) The Company shall pay and shall
indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 or the interest and principal received in respect of
such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders. 
 (c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.03 or 8.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or
money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture. 

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if the Trustee cannot reasonably deal with such Foreign Government Obligations, upon notification by the
Trustee of such inability, the Company shall appoint a Paying Agent with respect to such Foreign Government Obligations. The Trustee shall have no duty to supervise, and shall in no event be liable for, the acts or omissions of such Paying Agent.

 Section 8.03 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series. Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified, pursuant to
Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit
referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request,
execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to: 

  
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 (a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph
(d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal (and
premium, if any) or interest, and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the
Securities of such Series; and 
 (b) the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.02, 8.03 and 8.05 and Article VII; and 

(c) the rights and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; 
 provided
that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied: 
 (i) with reference to this Section 8.03, the Company shall have deposited or caused to be
irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of
such Securities (A) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (B) subject to Section 8.02(d) herein, in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in
a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, in each case which through the payment of interest and principal (and premium, if any) in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide
(and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the
Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal (and premium, if any) and such sinking fund payments are due; 
 (ii) such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

(iii) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during
the period ending on the 91st day after such date; 
 (iv) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of
Counsel to the effect that (A) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (B) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal
income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such
deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred; 

(v) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of
preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; 

(vi) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent
provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and 
 (vii) such defeasance shall not result in the trust
arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder. 

  
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 Section 8.04 Covenant Defeasance. Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise specified,
pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of
any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03, and 5.01 as well as any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’
Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.01) and the occurrence of any event specified
in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default
hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied: 
 (a) with reference to this
Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as
security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities
of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or, subject to Section 8.02(d) herein, Foreign Government Obligations, in each case which through the payment of interest and principal (and premium,
if any) in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash,
sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (and premium, if any) of
and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal (and premium, if any) and such sinking fund payments are due; 

(b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which it is bound; 
 (c) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be
continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date; 
 (d) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred; 
 (e) the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied
with; and 
 (f) Such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder. 

Section 8.05 Repayment to Company. The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company, upon Company Request, any money held
by them for the payment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest that remains unclaimed for two years, and after such time, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned
property law designates another person. 
 Section 8.06 Reinstatement. If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any
money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with Section 8.01 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise
prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to
Section 8.01 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance 

  
 25 








 
with Section 8.01; provided, however, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because
of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent; provided, however, that the Trustee shall not be
responsible for monitoring or enforcing the accuracy of sufficiency of such Additional Amounts. The Company shall provide the Trustee and Paying Agent with an Officers’ Certificate describing any Additional Amounts to be included in any
payment. 
 ARTICLE IX 

AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS 

Section 9.01 Without Consent of Holders. The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one
or more Series without the consent of any Holder: 
 (a) to evidence the succession of another person to the Company under this Indenture and the Securities
and the assumption by any such successor person of the obligations of the Company hereunder and under the Securities; 
 (b) to add or remove covenants of
the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any Series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all Series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such
Series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company provided such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders (as determined by the Company); 

(c) to add any additional Events of Default; 
 (d) to add to or
change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit
or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; 
 (e) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of
one or more Series of Securities, provided that any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any Series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of
such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; 

(f) to establish the forms or terms of the Securities of any Series issued pursuant to the terms hereof; 

(g) to cure any ambiguity or defect or correct any inconsistency in this Indenture; 

(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add
to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; 

(i) to qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; 
 (j)
to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to certificated Securities; 
 (k) [Reserved].; and 

(l) to comply with the rules or regulations of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may be listed or traded.


  
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 Section 9.02 With Consent of Holders. The Company and the Trustee may enter into a
supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender
offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner
the rights of the Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in
connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series. It shall not be necessary for the consent of
the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or
waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby and, if any Bearer Securities affected thereby are outstanding, publish on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, a notice briefly
describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver. 

Section 9.03 Limitations. Without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not: 

(a) reduce the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; 

(b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security; 

(c) reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking
fund; 
 (d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; 

(e) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of
acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration); 

(f) make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security; 

(g) make any change in Sections 6.08, 6.13, or 9.03; or 
 (h)
waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security. 
 Section 9.04 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment to
this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect. 

Section 9.05 Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes
effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of
the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture
or the date the waiver becomes effective. Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of
Section 9.03. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s
Security. 
 Section 9.06 Notation on or Exchange of Securities. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment
or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and execute and the Trustee shall authenticate, upon Company Order, new Securities of that Series that reflect the
amendment or waiver. 

  
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 Section 9.07 Trustee Protected. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts
created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall receive, in addition to the documents required by Section 10.04, and (subject to
Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that all conditions precedent in this Indenture to the execution of such supplemental indenture, have been complied with, such supplemental indenture is
authorized under this Indenture, and, such supplemental indenture is the valid and legally binding obligation of the Company. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, sign any supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights,
duties, powers, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 
 ARTICLE X 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Section 10.01 Trust Indenture Act Controls. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision
which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control. 

Section 10.02 Notices. 
 (a) Any notice
or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person, by overnight courier or mailed by first-class mail or sent by facsimile addressed as
follows: 
 if to the Company: 
 BioAmber Inc. 

1250 Rene Levesque West, Suite 4310 
 Montreal, Quebec 

Canada H3B 4W8 
 Attn: Chief Financial Officer 

Fax: 514-844-1414 

With a copy to: 
 Goodwin Procter LLP 

Exchange Place 
 Boston, MA 02109 

Attn: Jocelyn M. Arel and Michael J. Minahan 
 Fax: 617-523-1231 
 if to the Trustee: 

Computershare Trust Company, N.A. 
 (b) The Company or the Trustee
by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first-class mail to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar
and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, published once in an Authorized Newspaper (or such other frequency as is expressly provided in the Indenture). Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder of any Series or any defect in it
shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders of that or any other Series. If a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Holder
receives it. If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time. 
 (c) Unless
otherwise provided in this Indenture, any notice or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Company may, upon Company Request received by the Trustee not fewer than ten (10) Business
Days prior (or such shorter period of time as may be acceptable to the Trustee) to the date on which such notice must be given or served, be given or served by the Trustee in the name of and at the expense of the Company. 

  
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 Section 10.03 Communication by Holders with Other Holders. Holders of any Series may
communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and
anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c). 
 Section 10.04 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions
Precedent. Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee: 

(a) an Officers’ Certificate (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 10.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all
conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and 
 (b) an Opinion of Counsel (which
shall include the statements set forth in Section 10.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with. 

Section 10.05 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include: 

(a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions relating thereto; 

(b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or
opinion are based; 
 (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 
 (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the
opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 
 Section 10.06 Rules by Trustee and Agents. The
Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions. 

Section 10.07 Legal Holidays. Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture
hereto for a particular Series, a “Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal
Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. 
 Section 10.08 No Recourse Against Others. A director,
officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their
creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities. 

Section 10.09 Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate
counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF
transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be
deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes. 

  
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 Section 10.10 Governing Laws. This Indenture and the Securities will be governed by,
and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the laws of the State of New York. 

Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or
debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 

Section 10.12 Successors. All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All
agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor. 
 Section 10.13 Severability. In case any provision in this
Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

Section 10.14 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and
Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. 

Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or
an Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in
aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than
Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such
time. For purposes of this Section 10.15, “Market Exchange Rate” shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If such Market
Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Company shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available
date, or quotations from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or such other quotations as the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in
determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. All decisions and
determinations of the Company regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be
conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company, the Trustee and all Holders. The Trustee shall be fully justified and protected and shall incur no liability in relying and acting upon information received by it from the Company
and shall not otherwise have any duty or obligation to determine the accuracy or validity of such information independent of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if the Trustee cannot reasonably process a payment in a
Foreign Currency, upon notification by the Trustee of such inability, the Company shall appoint a Paying Agent for such payment in Foreign Currency. The Trustee shall have no duty to supervise, and shall in no event be liable for, the acts or
omissions of such Paying Agent. 
 Section 10.16 Judgment Currency. The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may
effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the
“Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Company
could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final un-appealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate
of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Company could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final
un-appealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant
to any judgment (whether or 

  
 30 








 
not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the
payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount,
if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of
the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. 

Section 10.17 U.S.A. Patriot Act. The Company acknowledges that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the
Trustee, like all financial institutions, and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or
opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees that it will provide the Trustee with such information as it may reasonably request as required in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act. 

Section 10.18 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING AS BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE ONLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES. 

ARTICLE XI 
 SINKING
FUNDS 
 Section 11.01 Applicability of Article. The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the
Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund
payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of
Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series. 
 Section 11.02 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund
Payments with Securities. The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of
such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is
applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an
Officers’ Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in
such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this
Section 11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt
of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to
time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an
unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company. 

  
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 Section 11.03 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 45 days prior to
each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that
Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.02, and the optional
amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution,
Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner
specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.03. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities
shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06. Prior to any sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the Trustee or a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate
and hold in trust) in cash a sum equal to any interest that will accrue to the date fixed for redemption of Securities or portions thereof to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to this Section. 

ARTICLE XII 

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES 

Section 12.01 Agreement of Subordination. The Company covenants and agrees, and each holder of Securities issued hereunder by
its acceptance thereof likewise covenants and agrees, that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this Article XII; and each Holder, whether upon original issue or upon transfer or assignment thereof, accepts and agrees to be
bound by such provisions. 
 The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on all Securities issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in
the manner hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company, whether outstanding at the date of this Indenture or thereafter incurred. 

The provisions of this Article XII define the subordination of the Securities, as obligations of the Company, with respect to Senior Indebtedness of the
Company. 
 No provision of this Article XII shall prevent the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default hereunder. 

Section 12.02 Payments to Holders. 
 (a) In the event
and during the continuation of any default in the payment of principal, premium, interest or any other payment due on any Senior Indebtedness of the Company continuing beyond the period of grace, if any, specified in the instrument or lease
evidencing such Senior Indebtedness of the Company, then, unless and until such default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no payment shall be made by the Company with respect to the principal of, or premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities, except sinking fund obligations satisfied by credit of acquired Securities under Section 11.02 prior to the happening of such default and payments made pursuant to Article VIII hereof from monies deposited with the
Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such default. The provisions of this Section 12.02(a) shall not apply to any payment to which Section 12.02(b) would be applicable. 

(b) Upon any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors
upon any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other proceedings, all amounts due or to
become due upon all Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall first be paid in full, or payment thereof provided for in money in accordance with its terms, before any payment is made on account of the principal (and premium, if any) or interest on
the Securities (except payments made pursuant to Article 10 hereof from monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to the happening of such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or
reorganization); and upon any such dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash,
property or securities, to which the Holders of the Securities would be entitled, except for the provisions of this Article XII, shall (except 

  
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as aforesaid) be paid by the Company or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other person making such payment or distribution, or by the Holders of the Securities
if received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by such holders, as calculated by the Company) or
their representative or representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness of the Company may have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, to the
extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Company in full, in money or money’s worth, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, before any payment or
distribution is made to the Holders of the Securities. 
 In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment or distribution of assets of the
Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, prohibited by the foregoing, shall be received by the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities before all Senior Indebtedness of the Company is paid in full, or provision is
made for such payment in money in accordance with its terms, and if such fact shall at or prior the time of such distribution have been made known to such Holder or the Trustee, as the case may be, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust
for the benefit of and shall be paid over or delivered to the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee, agent or other person making payment or distribution of assets of the Company for application to the payment of
all Senior Indebtedness of the Company remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness of the Company in full in money in accordance with its terms, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the
holders of such Senior Indebtedness. 
 For purposes of this Article XII, the words, “cash, property or securities” shall not be deemed to include
shares of stock of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other person provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the payment of which is subordinated at least to the extent provided in this
Article XII with respect to the Securities to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company which may at the time be outstanding; provided that (i) the Senior Indebtedness of the Company is assumed by the new person, if any, resulting
from any such reorganization or readjustment, and (ii) the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company (other than leases) and of leases which are assumed are not, without the consent of such holders, altered by such
reorganization or readjustment. 
 The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another person or the liquidation or
dissolution of the Company following the conveyance or transfer of its property as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to another person upon the terms and conditions provided for in Article V hereof shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the purposes of this Section 12.02 if such other person shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions stated in
Article V hereof. 
 (c) Nothing contained in this Article XII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any Security shall prevent the Company, at any time
except during the pendency of any case, proceeding, dissolution, liquidation or other winding-up, assignment for the benefit of creditors or other marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company referred
to in Section 12.02(b) or under the conditions described in Section 12.02(a), from making payment at any time or principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities. 

Section 12.03 Subrogation of Securities. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company, the rights of the
Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the rights of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company to receive payments or distributions of cash, property or securities of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness of the Company
until the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company of any cash, property
or securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article XII to or for the benefit of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company by Holders of the Securities or the
Trustee, shall, as between the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and the holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company.
It is understood that the provisions of this Article XII are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of the Company, on the
other hand. 

  
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 Nothing contained in this Article XII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall
impair, as between the Company, its creditors other than the holders of its Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders of the Securities the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities and creditors
of the Company other than the holders of its Senior Indebtedness, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this
Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article XII of the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company in respect of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy. 

Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article XII, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, and
the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are
pending, or a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of the Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the
persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts
pertinent thereto or to this Article XII. 
 Section 12.04 Authorization by Holders. Each Holder of a Security by its acceptance
thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on its behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in this Article XII and appoints the Trustee its attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. 
 Section 12.05 Notice to Trustee. The
Company shall give prompt written notice to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of
this Article XII or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities, unless and
until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee from the Company or a holder or holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or from any trustee therefor; and before
the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice
provided for in this Section 12.05 at least three Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any money may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
or interest on any Security), then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and shall not be
affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it during or after such three Business Day period. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary hereinbefore set forth, nothing shall prevent any payment by the Company or the Trustee to
the Holders of monies in connection with a redemption of Securities if (i) notice of such redemption has been given hereof prior to the receipt by the Trustee of written notice as aforesaid, and (ii) such notice of redemption is given not
earlier than 60 days before the redemption date. 
 The Trustee conclusively shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a person
representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company (or a trustee on behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or a trustee on behalf of any such
holder or holders. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required with respect to the right of any person as a holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article XII, the Trustee may request such person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Indebtedness of the Company held by such person, the extent to which such person is
entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such person under this Article XII, and if such evidence is not furnished the Trustee may defer any payment to such person pending judicial
determination as to the right of such person to receive such payment. 
 Section 12.06 Trustee’s Relation to Senior
Indebtedness. The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article XII in respect of any Senior Indebtedness of the Company at any time held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of
Senior Indebtedness of the Company and nothing elsewhere in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder. 

  
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 With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company, the Trustee undertakes to perform or to
observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Article XII, and no implied covenants or obligations with respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall be read into this Indenture against
the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Indebtedness of the Company and the Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company if it shall pay over or deliver to
Holders of Securities, the Company or any other person money, property, securities or assets to which any holder of Senior Indebtedness of the Company shall be entitled by virtue of this Article XII or otherwise. 

Section 12.07 No Impairment of Subordination. No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness of the
Company to enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any
noncompliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any such holder may have or otherwise be charged with. 

Section 12.08 Rights of Trustee. Nothing in this Article XII shall apply to or subordinate the claims of, or payments to, the
Trustee under or pursuant to Section 7.07. 
 Section 12.09 Article Applicable to Paying Agents. In case at any time any
Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term “Trustee” as used in this Article shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed as extending to
and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however, that Section 12.08 and the first paragraph
of Section 12.06 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company if it or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent. 

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank] 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written. 

 

			
	BIOAMBER INC.
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title:	 	
	
	COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A., as Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

	Name:	 	
	Title:	 	



  
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