T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T CARL OS M ARTI NEZ- RUI Z, P et i t i on er , v. E R I C H . H O L D E R , J r ., A tto rn e yG e n e r a l, R e s p o n d e n t. N o. 06- 75244 A ge nc yN o. A 074- 333- 884 ME MOR AN DU M *

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o rn ia B efo re: G O O D W IN , D . W . N E L S O N , an dN . R . S M IT H , C i rcu i tJu d g es. C a r l os M a rt i ne z - R ui z pe t i t i ons f orr e vi e w of

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j u r i s d i c t i o n p u r s u a n tt o 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 5 2 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( D ) t o r e v i e w “ c o n s t i tu t i o n a l c l a i ms or qu es t i on s of l aw . ” See Mej i a v. G on zales , 4 9 9 F .3 d9 9 1 , 9 9 8 - 9 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 7 ) . W e d e n yth e p e titio n f

o rr e v ie w . M art i nez- R ui z’ s argum entthatappl yi ng 8 C . F . R . § 1 21 2. 7(d) t o h i m has an i m p erm i ssi b l e retro act i v e effect i s fo recl o sed b y Me jia , 499 F . 3d a t997 ( a na l y z i ng id e n tic a l r e g u la tio n c o n ta in e d in 8 C .F .R . § 2 1 2 .7 ( d ) ) . “T h e r e g u la tio n s p e a k s o n ly t o the e xe r c i s e of

di s c r e t i on unde r§ 212( h) ( 2) , nott o the thr e s hol d de t e rm i na t i on of el i gi bi l i ty und er§ 2 12 (h)( 1). T he A tt orney G ener al has notchanged o r a l t er ed the s t a tut ory‘ e xtr e m e ha r ds hi p’ s t a nda r d. I ns t e a d, he ha s pr om ul ga t e d ar e gul a t i on t o gui de I J s i n the w a ythe ye xe r c i s e the i rr e l a t i ve l yunf e tt e r e d gr a ntof

di s c r e t i on af t erthe st atut ory r equi re m ent s are m et . ” I d. at99 6 (ci t at i on s om i tt ed). T here fore , ap p ly in g S e c tio n 1 2 1 2 .7 ( d ) to th e p e titio n e r“d o e s n o t h a v e a n im p e rm is s ib ly r e tr oa c t i ve e f

f e c tbe c aus e i tne i the ra tt a c he s ane w di s abi l i tyt o pa s tc onduc tnor up se t s s ett l ed expect at i on s. ” I d. a t998. M art i nez- R ui z’ s s ec on d argum entfa i l s a s w el l . T he B IA di d n otuse an i ncorrec tl egal st andard i n con cl ud i ng thatM art i nez- R ui z’ s c on vi ct i on const i tut ed a“v io le n t o rd a n g e r o u s c r im e ” s u b je c tin g h im to ah e ig h te n e dh a r d s h ip s ta n d a r d . 8 C .F .R . § 1 2 1 2 .7 ( d ) ( “T h e A tto rn e yG e n e r a l, in g e n e r a l, w ill n o t f a v o r ab ly e x e r c is e d is c r e tio n u n d e rs e c tio n 2 1 2 ( h ) ( 2 ) o f th e A c t ( 8 U .S .C . 1 1 8 2 ( h ) ( 2 ) ) . . .3

w i th r e s pe c tt o i m m i gr a nta l i e ns w ho a r e i na dm i s s i bl e unde rs e c t i on 212( a ) ( 2) of th e A c t in c a s e s in v o lv in g v io le n t o rd a n g e r o u s c r im e s , [ u n le s s ] . . . a n a lie n c le a r ly de m ons tr a t e s tha tthe de ni a l of the appl i c a t i on . . . w oul d r e s ul ti n e xc e pt i ona l a nd ex trem el y u n u su al h ard sh i p . ”). T h e B IA h adn o o b l i g at i o n t o co n d u cta case-b yca se anal ys i s of P et i t i on er ’ s off ense un der M

at terof Fre ntes cu , 18 I & N D e c . 244 ( B I A 1982) , w he r e , a s he r e , w e ha ve a l r e a dyde t e rm i ne d tha tvi ol a t i ons of C a lif o rn iaP e n a l C o d e § 2 1 1 a r e c a te g o r ic a llyc r im e s o f v io le n c e . See U

ni ted S ta tes v . McD o u g h e r ty , 92 0 F . 2d 56 9, 57 3 (9th C i r. 19 90 ) ( “ W e hol d thatrobb ery u n d e rC a lif

o rn iala w is [ ] b yd e f

in itio n ac r im e o f

v io le n c e .” ) ; s e e a ls o Me jia , 499 F . 3d at99 9 (re fe rr i ng t o “ cr i m es of vi ol ence ” i s “ no ti ncon si st entw i th the st atut ory s ta n d a r d ” f

o r“v io le n t a n d d a n g e r o u s ” c r im e s ) . P E T I T I ON DE NI E D.