*After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has

determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the

determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.

34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and

judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,

res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of

orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the

terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

JAN 4 2005

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

SHAWN PAUL LOYD,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

PATRICK SNEDEKER, Warden, Lea

County Correctional Facility;

ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE

STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 04-2140

(D.C. No. CIV-03-1158-WPJ/DJS)

(New Mexico)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before SEYMOUR, LUCERO, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.

Shawn Paul Loyd, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of

his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition and seeks a certificate of
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appealability (COA) from this court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c). Because

Mr. Loyd failed, in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), to file objections to

the magistrate judge’s findings and recommendation to the district court, he

waived his right to appeal the district court’s order and judgment. We therefore

deny his request for COA.

Mr. Loyd was convicted by a jury in New Mexico state court of first degree

murder and bribery of a witness. He was sentenced to a term of life imprisonment

plus eighteen months, to be served consecutively with a sentence he was serving

at the time of conviction. After unsuccessfully challenging his conviction and

sentence in state court, Mr. Loyd sought habeas relief in federal court. 

In his habeas action, Mr. Loyd alleged (1) he was denied due process as a

result of the trial court’s erroneous admission of a hearsay statement, and the

court’s limitation of his cross-examination of a witness; and (2) insufficient

evidence was presented at trial to support either his conviction for first degree

murder or his conviction for bribery of a witness. The district court referred the

case to a magistrate judge who issued a proposed finding and recommendation

that Mr. Loyd’s petition be denied. The magistrate’s report specifically stated

that pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), the parties had ten days upon receiving the

report to file written objections with the district court, and failure to do so would

bar their ability to seek appellate review of the court’s findings and
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recommendations. Neither party filed objections. The district court adopted the

magistrate judge’s report, and subsequently denied Mr. Loyd’s request for COA. 

We issued a show cause order directing Mr. Loyd to address whether his failure to

file written objections to the magistrate judge’s report constituted a waiver of

appellate review. 

Our court follows a “firm waiver rule when a party fails to object to the

findings and recommendations of the magistrate.” Moore v. United States, 950

F.2d 656, 659 (10th Cir. 1991); see also Talley v. Hesse, 91 F.3d 1411, 1412-13

(10th Cir. 1996); Fottler v. United States, 73 F.3d 1064, 1065 (10th Cir. 1996).

We do make exceptions to this rule “where the interests of justice so require,”

Fottler, 73 F.3d at 1065, or “when the magistrate’s order does not clearly apprise

the pro se litigant of the consequences of a failure to object.” Talley, 91 F.3d at

1413. This case falls easily within the ambit of the firm waiver rule.

In his submissions to us, and contrary to our show cause order, Mr. Loyd

provides absolutely no discussion regarding his failure to object to the magistrate

judge’s proposed findings and recommendations. Moreover, nothing in the record

on appeal persuades us that either exception to the firm waiver rule is applicable

here. First, in compliance with Talley, the magistrate’s recommendation clearly

indicated to the pro se Mr. Loyd that he was required to file objections within ten

days of receiving the proposed order, and that failure to do so would bar his
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ability to seek appellate review. Rec., doc. 13 at 1 n.1. Second, neither Mr.

Loyd’s arguments on appeal, nor any material in the record, convinces us that

application of the firm waiver rule in this case would be contrary to the interests

of justice.

Accordingly, COA is DENIED and the appeal DISMISSED.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephanie K. Seymour

Circuit Judge