July 25, 2012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5385 

lengthy DEA administrative process by 

continuing to create and market new 

derivative products by substituting and 

altering the testosterone molecule and 

then marketing them as ‘‘dietary supplements.’’ Very often, these new formulations have not been adequately 

tested. 

I worked in the previous Congress on 

legislation to address this issue and 

continued that work with Senator 

WHITEHOUSE to develop a bill that 

would amend the Controlled Substances Act to expand the list of substances defined as anabolic steroids, 

and authorize the Attorney General to 

issue a temporary order adding a drug 

or substance to the list of anabolic 

steroids. The bill would also create new 

criminal and civil penalties for importing, manufacturing, or selling any 

product containing an anabolic steroid 

unless it bears a label clearly identifying the chemicals contained in the 

product. 

This bill is supported by American 

Herbal Products Association, AHPA, 

Natural Products Association, NPA, 

Council for Responsible Nutrition, 

CRN, United Natural Products Alliance, UNPA, Consumer Healthcare 

Products Association, CHPA, Alliance 

for Natural Health, ANH, and the U.S. 

Anti-Doping Agency, USADA. 

By Ms. SNOWE (for herself and 

Mr. WARNER): 

S. 3433. A bill to require a radio spectrum inventory of bands managed by 

the Federal Communications Commission and the National Telecommunications & Information Administration; 

to the Committee on Commerce, 

Science, and Transportation. 

Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise 

today, along with Senator WARNER, to 

reintroduce the Radio Spectrum Inventory Act. Simply put, in order to make 

more spectrum available to meet the 

growing demand for wireless broadband 

and other radio-based services, decision 

makers at the FCC, NTIA, and Congress must have a clear, detailed, upto-date understanding of how spectrum 

is currently being used and by whom— 

data essential to sound policy decisions. 

Specifically, the Radio Spectrum Inventory Act directs the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, NTIA, the Federal Communications Commission, FCC, with 

assistance from the Office of Science 

and Technology, to create a comprehensive and accurate inventory of 

each spectrum band, at a minimum, between 300 Megahertz to 6.5 Gigahertz. 

The information collected would include the licenses assigned in that 

band, number and type of end-user devices deployed, amount of deployed infrastructure, type of missions and activities supported in the band, as well 

as any relevant unlicensed end user devices operating in the band. This information is fundamental to constructing 

a comprehensive framework for spectrum policy. 

The Radio Spectrum Inventory Act 

also provides more transparency related to spectrum use by creating a 

centralized website or portal that 

would include relevant spectrum and 

license information accessible by the 

public. Given that radio spectrum is a 

public good, we are obligated to provide the public more clarity and accountability on how it is being utilized 

by both Federal and non-Federal licensees. But let me be clear, given the 

sensitive nature of some spectrum assignments and allocations, this bill 

makes the appropriate disclosure exceptions for spectrum utilized or reserved for national security and public 

safety activities. 

A comprehensive inventory is a critical step in reforming our spectrum 

policy and management. The FCC manages over 2 million active licenses and 

NTIA administers more than 450,000 

frequency assignments. And while I appreciate the FCC’s effort in conducting 

a ‘‘baseline’’ inventory and NTIA’s 

evaluation—both the fast track and ten 

year plan—I do not believe they are 

sufficient substitutes to conducting a 

full inventory since those efforts were 

limited in scope and seemingly didn’t 

capture or make available more detailed data on spectrum use. 

In addition, there has been a growing 

call for a comprehensive spectrum inventory from Members of Congress, 

former FCC officials, and industry— 

even the House Energy & Commerce 

Committee bipartisan Federal Spectrum Working Group requested what 

amounts to a complete inventory of 

Federal frequency assignments between 300 MHz and 3 GHz. But if we are 

to examine Federal use, we must also 

look at non-Federal use in order to 

gain a truly comprehensive picture and 

understanding of the heterogeneous 

spectrum ecosystem. 

The ultimate goals this legislation 

sets the path towards achieving are to 

implement more efficient use of spectrum and to locate additional spectrum 

to meet the future demands of all spectrum users—commercial, Federal, and 

military. A comprehensive inventory 

would yield a significant amount more 

of data that would be extremely useful 

for conducting measurements, implementing more robust management, and 

developing greater strategic planning 

of spectrum resources. 

With the enactment of P.L. 112–96 

earlier this year, Congress took a notable but incremental step in an effort to 

free up additional spectrum to meet 

the growing demand of wireless 

broadband. As I have stated before, I 

believe more can and must be done to 

meet the future needs of all spectrum 

users and properly address existing 

spectrum challenges. This includes a 

comprehensive spectrum inventory, 

more strategic and longterm planning 

of spectrum resources, and greater collaboration between the FCC and NTIA. 

In addition, we must also continually 

promote more investment in infrastructure and foster greater technical 

innovation. That is why I sincerely 

hope that my colleagues join Senator 

WARNER and me in supporting this critical legislation and continuing our 

focus on implementing spectrum reform. 

By Ms. SNOWE (for herself and 

Mr. WARNER): 

S. 3439. A bill to amend title 40, 

United States Code, to direct the Administrator of General Services to install Wi-Fi hotspots and wireless neutral host systems in all Federal buildings in order to improve in-building 

wireless communications coverage and 

commercial network capacity by offloading wireless traffic onto wireline 

broadband networks; to the Committee 

on Environment and Public Works. 

Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise 

today, along with Senator WARNER, to 

reintroduce pro-consumer wireless legislation, which will improve wireless 

coverage indoors. Specifically, the Federal Wi-Net Act would require the installation of small wireless base stations, such as femtocells or similar 

technologies, and Wi-Fi hot-spots in all 

publicly accessible Federal buildings to 

improve wireless coverage and network 

capacity. 

Over the past several years, there has 

been growing concern about a looming 

spectrum crisis given the significant 

growth in the wireless industry. Currently, there are more than 331 million 

wireless subscribers in the U.S., and 

American consumers used more than 

2.3 trillion minutes in 2010—that is 

more than 6.4 billion minutes per day. 

And while the foundation for wireless 

services has been voice communication, more subscribers are utilizing it 

for broadband. According to Cisco, 

global mobile data traffic grew 159 percent in 2010, nearly tripling for the 

third year in a row. That growth is 

only expected to continue—there is expected to be over seven billion mobile 

devices globally by 2015 producing more 

than six exabytes per month. To put it 

in context, all the words ever spoken 

by human beings would equate to five 

exabytes worth of data. 

To meet this growing demand, a 

multi-faceted solution is required that 

includes fostering technological advancement and more robust spectrum 

management. Technologies, such as 

femtocells, distributed antenna system, DAS, and Wi-Fi hotspots, will 

help alleviate growing wireless demand 

by offloading that traffic onto wireline 

broadband networks. The Chairman of 

the Federal Communications Commission recently announced plans to open 

a proceeding on utilizing small cells in 

the 3.5 GHz band. And a recent spectrum report by the President’s Council 

of Advisors on Science and Technology, 

PCAST, highlighted how reducing cell 

sizes of wireless networks to femtocell 

or Wi-Fi ranges could provide 400 times 

as much aggregate network capacity 

than current macro cells network 

topologies. 

To that point, the need is there—approximately 40 percent of cell phone 


tjames on DSK6SPTVN1PROD with SENATE
S5386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 25, 2012 

calls are made indoors and more than 

26 percent of U.S. households have 

‘‘cut-the-cord,’’ relying solely on cell 

phones to make voice calls. On the 

data side, Cisco’s Virtual Network 

Index reports approximately 60 percent 

of mobile Internet use is done inside— 

either at home or at work. Consumers 

are also utilizing Wi-Fi more frequently—more than 80 percent of 

smartphone users prefer Wi-Fi connections over cellular for mobile data 

usage, and approximately 75 percent of 

tablet users use Wi-Fi connections 

only. In addition, several new tablets, 

such as the Microsoft Surface, Google 

Nexus 7, and Samsung Galaxy Tab, 

were introduced as Wi-Fi only versions. 

As the FCC’s National Broadband 

Plan highlights, most smartphones 

sold today have Wi-Fi capabilities to 

take advantage of the growing ubiquity 

of Wi-Fi routers and devices. According 

to a May 2011 report from comScore, 

approximately 48 percent of all iPhone 

traffic was transported over Wi-Fi/LAN 

networks. So installing more mini-base 

stations, such as femtocells, DAS, and 

Wi-Fi hotspots will improve indoor 

coverage and wireless network capacity. It will also increase battery life of 

phones and tablets since the indoor signal will be stronger so devices will use 

less power. 

The increasing importance of wireless communications and broadband 

has a direct correlation to our nation’s 

competitiveness, economy, and national security and therefore demands 

we make the appropriate changes to 

current spectrum policy and management to avert a spectrum crisis and 

continue to realize the boundless benefits of spectrum-based services. Congress has taken some steps but more 

must be done. That is why I sincerely 

hope that my colleagues join Senator 

WARNER and me in supporting this important legislation. 

By Ms. LANDRIEU: 

S. 3442. A bill to provide tax incentives for small businesses, improve programs of the Small Business Administration, and for other purposes; to the 

Committee on Finance. 

Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I 

come to the floor today to discuss the 

importance of small businesses in the 

United States. It cannot be stated 

enough that small businesses are the 

economic engines of our country. 

Small businesses also represent the essence of the American Dream. They are 

creators of new jobs and innovative 

technologies. In fact, over the last 15 

years, businesses employing less than 

500 people have created 93 percent of all 

new jobs and employed 58.6 million 

workers. Businesses employing less 

than 20 people alone employed 21.3 million workers. In my home state of Louisiana, small businesses make up about 

98 percent of businesses. As Chair of 

the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, I remain focused on the needs of these small businesses. That is why I am here today to 

introduce a bill that I believe will help 

spur job creation among small businesses. 

As you know, right now our country 

is still mired in an historic economic 

downturn. This economic downturn is 

disproportionately affecting small 

businesses and, in turn, stifling opportunities for them to generate economic 

growth for the country. Sadly, since 

November 2008 80 percent of the job 

losses have come from small businesses. 2.16 million jobs were lost in 

the private sector from July to February 2008—nearly half from businesses 

with less than 50 employees. While corporate layoffs get the headlines, small 

business layoffs increase the breadlines. Ten jobs lost here and five jobs 

there add up. These are the job losses 

that hurt our economy, our communities and our families. 

With this in mind, I was proud to 

lead Congressional efforts to enact the 

Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, Public 

Law 111–240. President Obama signed 

this legislation into law on September 

27, 2010. This legislation focused on the 

three ‘‘C’s’’ important to small businesses: Capital, Contracting, and Counseling. 332 community banks in 47 

states have received $4.01 billion in 

funding from the Small Business Lending Fund in the bill, which is $9.3 billion in leverage potential for small 

businesses. Furthermore, a total of 54 

states/territories applied for funding 

through the Small Business State 

Credit Initiative Program to support 

State-run small business lending programs. Approximately, $1.3 billion for 

47 states and territories has been approved. Lastly, $30 million of Round 1 

of State Trade and Export, STEP, export grant funding was awarded in the 

Fall 2011 to 52 states and territories to 

promote small business exports. To 

date, the Small Business Jobs Act has 

provided an important boost to small 

businesses looking to get credit or open 

new markets overseas. 

Given the importance of small businesses to our economy, I believe that 

there is no better time than now for 

Congress to build off the success of the 

Small Business Jobs Act. But the key 

question is how to best assist our country’s 28 million small businesses? This 

is complicated because Federal law defines a small business as ‘‘those having 

500 employees or less.’’ They may all 

fit under the same broad category of 

small business, but they are not all the 

same. So it makes no sense for the Federal government or Congress to have a 

‘‘one size fits all’’ policy for helping 

them grow. We must put a special focus 

on maximizing strategies to help those 

small firms that have the capacity to 

grow in the near term. 

The approach I have taken is to focus 

on the entrepreneurial ecosystems in 

our communities. This is because an 

ecosystem is defined as ‘‘a system 

formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.’’ I am particularly interested in 

the relationship between entrepreneurs, the current environment for 

entrepreneurship, and how we can 

make them more robust. In my view 

strengthening these ecosystems is an 

avenue to spur small business growth, 

create jobs, and grow our economy. 

Babson College, one of the country’s 

top colleges for undergraduate/graduate entrepreneurship programs, has 

looked into what makes up an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Babson has identified the ‘‘six domains’’ of any entrepreneurial ecosystem: a conducive culture that rewards innovation, creativity and experimentation; enabling 

policies and leadership that provide 

regulatory and capital support; availability of appropriate finance, including micro-loans, private equity and 

public capital; quality human capital 

that include both skilled and unskilled 

workers from at home and abroad; venture-friendly markets for products by 

creating distribution channels and entrepreneurship networks; and a range 

of institutional and infrastructural 

supports, including incubation centers 

and legal and accounting advisers. 

Building off this research and with 

feedback from other stakeholders, late 

last year my committee began preparations to conduct a series of roundtables 

on strengthening the entrepreneurial 

ecosystem for small businesses. The 

goal of these roundtables, which were 

conducted between February and April 

2012, was to take the ideas that come 

out of these discussions and use them 

as the foundation for a major piece of 

legislation to support the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The first roundtable 

on February 1, 2012, was entitled ‘‘Developing and Strengthening HighGrowth Entrepreneurship.’’ This 

roundtable set the stage for our discussions by exploring the recent success of 

high-growth firms in job creation and 

why it is so important that we replicate that success. The second roundtable was on March 22, 2012, and was 

entitled ‘‘A Spotlight on Small Business Investment Companies and Their 

Role in the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem.’’ That roundtable looked at 

how we could enhance an already successful program that gets capital into 

the hands of America’s job creators. 

The last roundtable was on April 18, 

2012, and was entitled ‘‘Perspectives 

from the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: 

Creating Jobs and Growing Businesses 

through Entrepreneurship.’’ That 

roundtable discussed how different 

stakeholders in the entrepreneurial 

ecosystem are creating new entrepreneurs and growing businesses. It 

brought together key stakeholders 

from different levels of an entrepreneurial ecosystem: universities and entrepreneurship programs, Federal and 

local officials, investors, private sector 

accelerators, mentors, and successful 

entrepreneurs. 

As a result of these three 

roundtables, my committee received 

almost 60 specific policy recommendations from the 41 participants. Some of 

these recommendations fell under the 


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