|LICENSE AGREEMENT
This License Agreement (Agreement) is made this 20th day of October, 2004 by and between
Milestone Scientific, Inc., a Delaware corporation (Licensor), whose business address
is 220 S. Orange Avenue, Livingston, New Jersey 07039, and International Media Enterprise, a California
corporation, dba United Systems, Inc. (Licensee), whose business address is1405 W. Pioneer Street, Brea, California 92821, with reference to the following facts:
A. Licensor is the owner of all right, title and interest in a proprietary dental whitening product,
now known as the CoolBlue Consumer Whitening System (hereinafter referred to as Product).
B.  Licensee is a manufacturer and marketer of certain products.
C.  On the terms and conditions set forth herein, Licensee desires to receive a license to manufacture,
market and sublicense the Product to the consumer market, and Licensor desires to grant a license
to manufacture, market and sublicense the Product to the consumer market to Licensee.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises, and the promises and covenants herein contained,
and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged,
the parties, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
1.             Term. The initial term of this Agreement, including the grant of the License (as defined below), shall
commence on the date of execution hereof and continue for twenty (20) years (the Initial Term),
provided that Licensor may terminate this Agreement if sales of the Product are less than 250,000
units per calendar year beginning in 2005 through 2008. Licensee shall have options to extend this
Agreement for up to 10 additional years, on a year-by-year basis (the Renewal Options)
provided that sales of Product in the prior year are at least 250,000 units. Licensee may exercise
its Renewal Options by delivering written notice to Licensor, at the address first written above
or such other address as Licensor may designate by written notice to Licensee, no later than sixty
(60) days prior to the expiration of the Term or any Renewal Option. The Initial Term and any Renewal
Options shall collectively be referred to as the Term.
2.             License. Licensor hereby grants to Licensee an exclusive worldwide license, subject to the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, to use, manufacture, market, distribute, sell and license the Product to the consumer
market.
3.             Sublicenses. Licensee may, on 15 days notice to Licensor, grant sublicenses under this Agreement to Licensees
reasonably acceptable to Licensor, provided such sublicenses are in conformity with the provisions
of this Agreement.
4.             Delivery of Materials. Licensor shall deliver to Licensee plans, drawings, schematics, prototypes, samples, any and all
related documentation, and other materials requested by Licensee as
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|may be necessary to manufacture and market the Product.
5.             Best Efforts. Licensee shall use its best efforts to manufacture, market, sell and distribute the Product. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the parties agree that there shall be no production quotas or minimum criteria that
Licensee is obligated to meet hereunder.
6.             Product Pricing.  Licensee shall set the pricing of Products sold to its customers in its sole discretion.
7.             Royalty and License Payments.
7.1           Royalty Rate. Licensee shall pay a royalty to Licensor equal to fifty percent (50%) of the gross profits derived
from Licensees sales or sublicense of the Product. Gross profits shall be defined,
for the purposes of this Agreement, as gross revenues less manufacturing and marketing costs of the
Product.
7.2           Royalty Payment. Payment of royalties shall be made quarterly by Licensee . Concurrently with the royalty payment
by Licensee, Licensee shall deliver to Licensor a royalty report disclosing all Product sales and
royalty payments occurring during the prior quarter.
7.3           Place of Payment. All amounts due Licensor shall be sent or delivered by Licensee to Licensor at the address first
written above or such other address as Licensor may designate from time to time by written notice
to Licensee.
8.             Updates and Improvements. Any updates, improvements, upgrades to, and new versions of the Product conceived, developed or acquired
by Licensor during the Term of this Agreement shall be promptly disclosed in writing to Licensee
and shall be, as of the date of such written notice, automatically included as part of the Product
and subject to the provisions of this Agreement.
9.             Restrictions on Authority.  Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the parties hereto shall have no authority to
bind or commit the other party to any contract or agreement or otherwise hold itself out as agent
of the other party. The parties shall have no authority to incur any liability or obligation on the
other partys behalf. Licensor shall exercise no control over, nor have a right to control the
activities or operations of Licensee, except as provided within this Agreement.
10.           Proprietary Rights. Licensor hereby represents and warrants to Licensee that it is the exclusive owner of all right,
title, and interest in Product, including copyright, Trademarks and Patents (as defined below), and
that it has the right to grant to Licensee all rights granted pursuant to this Agreement. Licensor
has good and valid title to, free and clear of all liens, the intellectual property associated with
the Product, including the Trademarks and Patents. No claim adverse to Licensors rights in
the intellectual property associated with the Product is pending or has been made or, to the knowledge
of Licensor, threatened. To Licensors knowledge, no basis exists for any such
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|claim.  To Licensors knowledge, no person has infringed or otherwise violated Licensors
rights in any of the intellectual property associated with the Product. Licensor further hereby agrees
to defend, indemnify and hold Licensee harmless from any and all claims, losses, damages and liabilities
arising out of or incurred in connection with any infringement of intellectual property rights of
others, associated with the Product.
11.           (a)Trademark Rights. Licensor grants to Licensee an exclusive royalty free license to use any Licensors trademarks,
trade names and service marks listed on Exhibit A (the Trademarks) solely in the promotion, sale, marketing and distribution of Product
during the Term of this Agreement. The use of the Trademarks shall always be accompanied by the appropriate
trademark designation. Licensee agrees to comply with any and all instructions from Licensor regarding
the use, placement and design of the Trademarks. Licensee acknowledges Licensors right, title
and interest in the Trademarks, and Licensee shall not claim any right thereto.
(b)           Patent Rights. Licensor grants to Licensee an exclusive royalty free license to use the Licensors patent rights
claimed in United States patent application listed as Exhibit B and any US patent issued with respect thereto and any foreign patents related to such US patent application
or US patents (the Patents) during the Term of this Agreement.
12.           Rights and Obligations With Respect To Intellectual Property
(a) Licensor
shall have the right to inspect any of Licensees facilities, or those of its suppliers of Product,
during regular business hours and upon reasonable notice. If desired by Licensee any such inspection
shall be conducted in the presence of an officer, partner or authorized representative of Licensee.
(b) Prior
to use of any trademark, Licensee shall submit to Licensor for review and approval specimens of the
Product and its packaging. If Licensor does not respond to any such submission within five (5) business
days approval shall be deemed to have been granted. Once Licensor has approved the standard product
packaging, Licensee may make minor modifications without having to resubmit the packaging for approval.
Similarly, Licensee shall submit to Licensor all packaging, promotional literature and guidelines
for any advertising campaigns to be conducted by it or its sub-licensees to be used in connection
with marketing or merchandizing the Product. Product, packaging and promotional material and guidelines
(c) After
Licensor has given approval of product samples and specimen promotional material, the approved Product
quality and specifications packaging advertising promotional literature shall be standard for all
Products produced and sold thereafter (the Approved Quality).
(d) The
Licensee shall not at any time use, promote, advertise, display or otherwise publish any trademarks
or material utilizing the trademarks except as specifically provided in this agreement, without the
prior written consent of Licensor.
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|13.           Exclusion and Limitation of Damages. Each party hereto agrees that neither party shall be liable for incidental, special nor consequential
damages based upon the use of Product or related products or documentation by Licensee or the distribution,
marketing, and installation of Product, even if one party has been notified of the possibilities
of such damages. The parties hereby acknowledge that the other portions of this Agreement have been
made in reliance upon inclusion of this Section.
14.           Warranty, Remedy and Exclusions.
14.1    Warranty.
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| | 14.1.1      Licensor warrants that the Product will operate in conformance
  with existing technical specifications, so long as the Product has not been modified, and has been
  manufactured and used solely according to the specifications outlined by Licensor.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
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| |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
| | 14.1.2      Licensor represents and warrants that it is the exclusive
  owner of all right, title, and interest in Product, including Trademarks and Patents, and that it
  has the right to grant to Licensee all rights granted pursuant to this Agreement. Licensor has good
  and valid title to, free and clear of all liens, the intellectual property associated with the Product,
  including the Trademarks and Patents. No claim adverse to Licensors rights in the intellectual
  property associated with the Product is pending or has been made or, to the knowledge of Licensor,
  threatened. To Licensors knowledge, no basis exists for any such claim. To Licensors
  knowledge, no person has infringed or otherwise violated Licensors rights in any of the intellectual
  property associated with the Product.

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|14.2    Remedy. Licensor shall use its best efforts to correct any design defect of the Product that is documented
by Licensee. Upon correction of such documented defect, Licensor shall deliver to Licensee new plans,
drawings, schematics, and prototypes of the Product.
15.          Infringement. If any third party shall, in the reasonable opinion of either party to this Agreement, infringe any
of the Trademarks or Patents, such party to this Agreement shall promptly notify the other party.
Licensor and Licensee shall then jointly decide whether to institute and diligently prosecute proper
legal proceedings for infringement against the third party. If there is a mutual decision to prosecute,
both parties shall take all appropriate or necessary actions to assist in the prosecution of such
action. Each party shall bear its own internal expenses and both shall share 50/50 external legal
and other costs and expenses associated with the action (including without limitation court costs).
16.          Failure to Defend. In the event that the parties fail to take appropriate and diligent action with respect to any infringement,
pursuant to Section 15, within ninety (90) days after

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|discovery of the existence of the infringement, Licensee shall have the right to (i) take such action
in the name of Licensor with the right to enforce and collect any judgment thereon, or (ii) terminate
this Agreement with thirty (30) days prior written notice to Licensor.
17.           Indemnity. Each party shall indemnify, defend, and hold the other party harmless from and against any and all
claims, losses, damages and liabilities arising out of or incurred in connection with the indemnifying
partys negligent acts and omissions, willful misconduct, or material breaches of this Agreement.
The indemnified party shall give the indemnifying party written notice as soon as practicable of
any such claim or action to which the foregoing provisions apply.
18.           Arbitration. Any dispute, claim or controversy between the parties arising out of or relating to this Agreement,
or breach hereof, shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the applicable arbitration
rules of the American Arbitration Association which are in effect on the date of the delivery of
the demand for arbitration. Any arbitration proceedings shall take place in New York City before
a single arbitrator. The decision rendered by the arbitrator shall be binding. Judgment upon the
decision of the arbitrator may be entered into any court having jurisdiction thereof. Each party
shall pay the expenses of the American Arbitration Association and the arbitrator equally. Further,
each party shall have the same right to take depositions and to obtain discovery as if the proceedings
were pending in a civil action before a court of general jurisdiction in the State of New Jersey.
19.           Miscellaneous Provisions.
19.1         Entire Agreement and Severability Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding and agreement between Licensor and Licensee and
supersedes any and all prior, contemporaneous oral or written communications relating to the subject
matter hereof, all of which are merged herein. This Agreement can only be modified, amended, or altered
by an instrument in writing, mutually signed by the parties hereto. Such amendment shall be binding
with or without any additional consideration. If any provision of this Agreement is held unenforceable,
said holding shall not be deemed to impair the validity of the remaining provisions of the Agreement
which shall remain in full force and effect.
19.2         Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey
applicable to contracts wholly executed and wholly performed therein.
19.3         Attorneys Fees. The prevailing party in any action or proceeding between Licensee and Licensor arising out of or
related to this Agreement shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys fees and costs
incurred in connection therewith.
19.4         Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications required under this Agreement shall be deemed
duly given to the respective parties at the addresses first set forth above or at such other addresses
as designated in writing by either party in accordance with this Section upon (a) personal delivery,
or (b) delivery by U.S. mail, postage pre-paid, or (c) receipt by
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|the transmitting party of confirmation or answer back if delivery is by facsimile.
        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date and year first above written:
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|-------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---
|Licensor                                               |                     | Licensee                                                                                   
|                                                         |                     |                                                                                               |    
|Milestone Scientific, Inc.,
      a Delaware corporation |                     | International Media Enterprise,
      a California corporation
      dba United Systems, Inc.
|                                                         |                     |                                                                                               |    
|By:                                                      | /s/ Stuart Wildhorn |                                                                                               | By:
|                                                         |         |                                                                                               |    
|                                                         |                     |                                                                                               |    
|Title:  President                                        |                     | Title: President                                                                             
|                                                         |         |                                                                                               |    

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|EXHIBIT A
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|EXHIBIT B                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
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|PATENT APPLICATION NO. 10/925,820
    TEETH WHITENING COMPOSITION AND METHOD                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
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|CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  This Patent Application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/499,692,
filed on September 3, 2003, U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/498,990, filed on August 29,
2003 and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/ 505,196, filed on September 23, 2003, the contents
of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to light activated dental compositions and a light emitting dental tray
for treating teeth surfaces. In particular, the present invention is directed to dental compositions,
such as tooth bleaching compositions, used in combination with a light emitting dental tray having
reservoirs for holding the dental composition located adjacent the teeth surfaces to be treated.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Increasingly, it has become popular to whiten teeth that are naturally off white or have become stained
by smoking or food intake. In order to whiten teeth in the past, people either have had them capped
or have had veneers placed over them, which both entail costly and involved dental procedures. Recently,
chemical bleaching of teeth has allowed people to whiten their teeth without

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|resorting to these previously costly and involved dental procedures.
In early bleaching methods, dental patients who desired to have their teeth bleached had to utilize
conventional dental office bleaching techniques. These techniques usually involved placing a peroxide
solution on the teeth, protecting the sensitive soft tissues with a ligated rubber dam, and applying
heat or light to the solution. Unfortunately, the lights used in dental office procedures are high
power high voltage lights that desiccate teeth and cause greater postoperative sensitivity. Additionally,
such dental office treatments are extremely time consuming as they typically required multiple appointments
for a significant color change. The need for multiple professional office visits results in a procedure
that is costly. Despite the expense and other problems associated with professional whitening of
teeth, these professional methods are primarily concerned with the whitening of only the buccal,
facial surface only.
Because of the time consuming nature of these multiple office visits and costs associated therewith,
there has been a growing interest within the dental profession for in-home tooth bleaching products
and methods. One of the first in-home approaches required a professional making an alginate impression
of a patients teeth; making a cast of the impression; vacuum forming a tray from the cast,
and trimming the impression to exclude gingival coverage. In using this early home use apparatus
and method, the patient is instructed to place several drops of bleaching solution into each area
of the tray for each tooth to be bleached, placing the tray containing the bleaching solution in
the mouth and expectorating any excess bleaching solution. Unfortunately, use of this apparatus and
method requires the patient to change the bleaching solution every 1 to 2.5 hours, and remove the
dental tray during meals. As a result, this in-home approach is expensive, time consuming, cumbersome
and suffers from a lack of compliance.
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|As a result of this inconvenient and expensive in-home method, there have been more recent in-home
approaches that embed various bleaching agents onto substrates such as fabric or fiber strips that
a patient applies to their teeth at bedtime. One known in-home method uses various peroxides within
gel foam as dental bleaching agents. The most commonly used dental bleaching agent is 10% carbamide
peroxide (CO(NH2)2 H2 O2), also called urea hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide carbamide, and perhydrol-urea.
While useful results have been experienced using the foregoing in-home techniques, their effectiveness
has been largely dependent upon such factors as type and intensity of tooth enamel stain, bleaching
agent contact time, and the amount of available active ingredient in the bleaching agent. The advantage,
however, is that the time commitment for the actual bleaching process takes place outside the dental
office and without the need for professional application. Thus, the cost for these in-home procedures
is substantially less than conventional in-office bleaching techniques.
Unfortunately, despite improvements in these in-home methods, there remain disadvantages and limitations
to in-home bleaching products and techniques. A significant disadvantage of the known in-home approaches
is the long application or contact time needed by these methods. Because of the required long contact
time, bleaching agent must be frequently replaced or replenished during application. Replenishment
is needed because of saliva dilution and swallowing of the bleaching agent causing the volume of
bleaching agent in the dental application tray to diminish rapidly over time. Various studies have
shown that after one hour, less than one-half the original volume of bleaching agent was present
in an application tray. Thus, existing bleaching agents, because of their method of application and
the need for a long contact time, need to be replenished about every hour in order to be effective.
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|Because of the inconvenience of replacing bleaching agents constantly and the long contact time needed,
patient compliance is difficult to maintain and therefore in-home methods have not achieved the level
of success as professional in-office bleaching techniques.
An additional problem with current in-home bleaching compositions and methods is that it often takes
several weeks of application to see desired results. Although some methods have promoted lightening
of teeth in shorter periods of time, noticeable results of in-home bleaching requires approximately
4 to 6 weeks. This lengthy period of treatment and compliance issues have resulted in dissatisfaction
with many if not all of the present in-home compositions and methods.
It should therefore be appreciated that what is needed in the art are improved compositions and methods
for faster and more efficient treatment of tooth surfaces which facilitate greater patient compliance
and satisfaction. Additionally, it would be a significant advancement in the art to provide fast
acting dental bleaching compositions for treating tooth surfaces which do not need to be continuously
replaced so that patient compliance is enhanced.
Thus there is a need for a tooth whitening method that will bleach stained teeth and inhibit tooth
yellowing that does not require complex, time consuming and expensive equipment.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
In a first illustrative embodiment, according to the invention, a tablet formulation containing a metal
ion catalyst and an alkaline pH raising compound is chewed by a patient followed by rinsing their
teeth with a peroxide composition having a concentration of about 1 percent to about 15 percent peroxide.
The combination of the tablet formulation containing the metal ion within an alkaline composition
along with the peroxide rinse forms a dental composition having foam like consistency,
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|which whitens substantially all of the surfaces of the patients teeth. The process of whitening
the patients teeth is accelerated by using a light-emitting device producing a selected wavelength
range to assist the decomposition of the peroxide intra orally by activating the metal ion catalyst
within the dental composition. The light emitting device can be incorporated into a dental tray that
captures the whitening composition and holds the whitening composition on the surface of the teeth.
In a further illustrative embodiment, according to the invention, a solution having a gel consistency
comprising selected peroxides and selected transitional metal ions, such as ionized silver, zinc,
manganese or the like is sprayed onto the surface of a patients teeth. The sprayed solution
is followed by a rinse of an additional low concentration peroxide, such as hydrogen period or carbamide
peroxide, or calcium peroxide. The additional peroxide can be applied to the teeth using a conventional
dental tray or by merely rinsing the oral cavity with a low concentration solution. The dental tray
can further include a light source having a selected wavelength that activates the metal ion within
the dental composition. The pH of the above spray is adjusted to about 6 to about 8 or above by the
use of an alkaline agent, which allows for a faster decomposition of the peroxide. The light source
is directed within the oral cavity for a period of about two minutes to about 20 minutes. The selected
light source activates the photo sensitive metal ions and further produces heat hastening the decomposition
of peroxides thereby accelerating the whitening effect.
It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that the light source may be embedded into a conventional
dental tray, where the dental tray further allows the containment of the above dental composition
allowing the patient to hold the whitening composition within the mouth for a desired period of time.
The light source in one illustrative embodiment uses light emitting diodes or traditional small
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|bulbs that are either blue, cyan, amber or white in color. The temperature produced by such a bulb
or LED illumination raises the temperature of the dental composition. The increased temperature helps
decompose the peroxides by a factor of about 2.4 for every 10oC rise in temperature. The light source according to the invention is battery powered allowing hands
free operation of the light equipped dental tray. The lighting system according to the invention
is a low voltage, low intensity system that works well because of proximity of the treating surfaces
to the light source itself. It is envisioned that other power sources may be employed, such as, for
example, A/C wall outlet, etc.
In a further illustrative embodiment the dental try is fabricated from a light transmitting polymer
that acts as a fiber optic transmitter allowing the light source to be emitted from substantially
all surfaces of the dental tray whitening front, sides and the back of teeth.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood
from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram depicting an illustrative method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting an alternative illustrative method according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a dental tray according to the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of the dental tray, with parts separated, according to the invention.
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|DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
|-------------------------------------
|                                     

| | Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein, however, it is to be understood
  that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various
  forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting,
  but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the
  art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
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|According to the invention, a dental whitening composition having teeth whitening properties is disclosed.
In a first illustrative embodiment, the dental whitening composition is formed from a first gel and
a second gel. The first gel, according to the invention, is a peroxide gel having about 1 to about
15 percent peroxide by weight. The peroxide gel composition, according to the invention, is formed
by mixing approximately 3 gm of a gelling powder, Micropore Gel® powder, Bioserve, San Diego,
California, with approximately 97 gm of deionized water. The gelling powder is mixed with the deionized
water for approximately one-half hour until a clear flowable gel is formed.
The flowable gel is then mixed with approximately 10.98 gm of a 50 percent hydrogen peroxide solution
and stirred slowly for approximately 15 minutes. In this first illustrative embodiment Peralkali®,
a 50% peroxide solution, Degussa Manufacturing, was used. It is contemplated that other peroxides
known in the art may be used such as carbamide peroxide, potassium peroxide, calcium peroxide, or
the like. A citric acid buffer is added until the mixture achieves a pH of approximately 3.5. Approximately
2 gm of a dry flavoring is added to the buffered gel composition. The formed buffered peroxide gel
will stabilized to about a pH of 5 after about 24 hours.

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|The second gel, is an accelerating gel formed by mixing approximately 3 gm of Micropore® Gel powder
with approximately 97 gm of deionized water. This mixture is stirred for approximately one-half hour
until a clear flowable gel is formed. The flowable gel is mixed with approximately 3.2 gm of silver
ion solution (500ppm). Approximately 10.40 gm of Tri (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, Angus Chemical
Company, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, is added to approximately 1 gm of water forming a buffering solution.
The buffering solution is added to the ionized gel solution forming the accelerating gel. The accelerating
gel is contained within an opaque container until use with the peroxide gel.
The whitening composition is formed by applying the peroxide gel to the inventive dental tray along
with the accelerating gel. The combined gels form a whitening composition that is activated by a
selected light source within the inventive dental tray.
In a further illustrative embodiment, a metal ion accelerator is provided in a tablet formulation having
a metal ion catalyst and an alkaline component. After apply a peroxide gel composition according
to the invention, the accelerator tablet is chewed by a patient. Transitional metal ions such
as ionized silver, zinc, manganese or the like may be used as a catalyst according to the invention.
It is contemplated that other ions that are photo sensitive and strongly reactive to light may be
used. Alkaline compounds such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, [tri(dydroxymethyl)aminomethane]
or the like may be used to raise the pH of the whitening composition. In this further illustrative
embodiment the tablets are comprised of deionized water approximately 75% by weight; ionized silver
ion approximately 21% by weight; Tris Amine approximately 4% by weight; and flavoring.
In yet a further illustrative embodiment a peroxide solution rather than a gel can be used as an
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|oral rinse containing about 1 percent to about 15 percent hydrogen peroxide. It is contemplated that
other peroxides known in the art may be used such as carbamide peroxide, potassium peroxide, calcium
peroxide, or the like. The combination of the metal ion alkaline tablet with the peroxide rinse forms
a dental composition within a patients oral cavity having foam like consistency. This dental
composition whitens the surface of the patients teeth.
According to a further illustrative embodiment, an activated dental whitening composition can be formed
from two solutions. The first solution contains approximately between 1 percent and 15 percent hydrogen
peroxide with selected flavoring. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that the first
solution can also contain colorants such as pigments and dyes to impart a desired color to the solution.
The second solution contains an activating silver ion solution having approximately 10 ppm to 1000
ppm of silver ion. In an illustrative embodiment the second solution contains approximately 125 ppm
of silver ion in about 100 gm of deionized water. The second solution is buffered by adding approximately
10.32 grams of Tri(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane added to about 1 gm of water forming a buffering solution
having a pH of about 10. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that a buffers such
as Tri(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane can be used in a concentration in the second solution of about
1 percent by weight to about 15 percent by weight. This buffering solution is added to the silver
ion solution along with approximately 2 gm of dry flavoring. According to the invention the first
solution containing the peroxide and the second solution containing the silver ion are applied to
the patients teeth by spraying each solution in a predetermined amount onto the patients
teeth. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that these solutions can be used alone
or in conjugation with the peroxide gel and accelerator gel
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|according to the invention. It is further contemplated that these solutions and gels can be used along
with the accelerator tablets according to the invention.
A light source having a wavelength selected that is specific to the photo-sensitive metal ion within
the dental whitening composition may be used to activate the dental whitening composition by increasing
the decomposition of the peroxide used. This decomposition allows for a hastening of the whitening
effect and a dramatic decrease in contact time. According to the invention, a light bulb or LED producing
wavelengths forming blue, cyan, amber or white light can be used to activate the photo ions. It is
contemplated, within the scope of the invention, that the desired selected light wavelength can be
produced by a bulb or LED selected or by the use of an optical wavelength filter allowing for the
selection of a desired wavelength range.
In a first illustrative embodiment, a LED, Nichia Corporation, of Japan, part number, NSPB 310a, is
employed producing a wavelength within the range of about 430 nm to about 490 nm. The LED used in
this illustrative embodiment has the following specifications: Chromaticity Coordinate Typical
(x,y) 0.130 to 0.75; Luminous intensity (mcd) 3900; Forward Voltage 3.5 max 4.0; Direction Characteristics
30 degrees Size 3.0mm.
Referring to FIG. 1, the dental whitening composition is employed in a teeth whitening procedure that
includes brushing a patients teeth (step 110). The dental whitening composition is formed from
a peroxide gel and an accelerator gel forming an activated gelling agent (step 112). The activated
gelling agent is then coated onto the teeth and added to a dental trays dental receiving area
before the patient inserts the tray into their mouth and illuminates the surfaces of their teeth
with the light source embedded into the Dental tray. (step 114). The light source illuminates the
coated teeth for approximately two minutes (step 116). The activated gelling agent mixture is swished
about the
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|patients mouth after illumination (step 118). The patients teeth are brushed (step 120).
Referring to FIG. 2, the dental whitening composition is employed in a teeth whitening procedure that
includes brushing the patients teeth (step 201) and placing a peroxide gel onto the patients
teeth surfaces (step 202). The patient then chews an activator tablet (step 203) forming a whitening
composition. The patient then places peroxide gel into the dental receiving area along with activator
gel (step 204), which is placed on top of the peroxide gel. The resulting whitening composition is
illuminated for approximately two minutes or more (step 205). The illuminated composition is then
swished around the oral cavity for as long as desired (step 206). The oral cavity is rinsed and the
patient brushes their teeth (step 207).
According to the invention, the light source can be embedded in a dental tray 300 or be in optical
communication with the dental tray 300. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the dental tray 300 has a
bottom rigid tray 302 having a dental receiving area 304. The dental receiving area 304 is formed
in the shape of orthodontic wire and the curvature of a patients teeth. The dental receiving
area 304 is loose fitting allowing both sides of the teeth to receive gel or rinse material.
The bottom rigid tray 302 is formed from a rigid polymeric material. The dental receiving area 304
is formed from a pliable polymeric material and is fixably attached to the bottom rigid tray 302.
In a first illustrative embodiment, the dental receiving area 304 is formed from a pliable silicone
that is transparent to the wavelength range of a light source attached to the bottom rigid tray 302.
It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that the dental receiving area 304 can be fabricated
from any polymeric compound that is pliable and translucent to a selected wavelength range. It is
further contemplated within the scope of the invention that the polymeric composition forming the
dental receiving area 304 has light transmitting properties allowing the dental receiving
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|area 304 to act as a fiber optic bundle transmitting light to all areas of the dental receiving area
304.
The bottom tray 302 in this first illustrative embodiment is equipped with at least one LED 306 that
produces a light having a selected wavelength. In a first illustrative embodiment several LED 306
are mounted in the bottom tray 302 so that their emitted light is directed around the curvature of
the dental receiving area 304. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that focusing
optics or filtering optics can be mounted in front of the light emitting portion of the LEDs 306.
These optics can direct the emitted light or filter the emitted light to a desired wavelength range.
It is also contemplated within the scope of the invention that a singular LED or light source can
be positioned in optical communication with a fiber optic bundle that delivers the emitted light
from the light source to desired locations within the dental receiving area 304.
The LEDs 306 are powered by a battery pack 308 that is in electrical communication with each LED 306.
The battery pack 308 in a first illustrative embodiment is a standard 9 volt battery. It is contemplated
within the scope of the invention that a rechargeable battery or batteries may be used that produce
the needed electrical power specifications for the LED 306 or other light source used. It is also
contemplated that the LEDs 306 can be powered by standard household electricity using a transformer
capable of providing the desired voltage or recharging rechargeable batteries. The electrical communication
of the LEDs 306 is controlled by a single pole electrical switch 310 allowing a user to power on
and off the LEDs 306. In a first illustrative embodiment an electrical resistant element (not shown)
is incorporated into the electrical circuit allowing the dental tray to warm to approximately 100o Fahrenheit. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that the electrical switch 310 may
further contain a timer element allowing the user to select a desired operational time and in one
illustrative embodiment a pre-selected operational time.
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|The battery pack 308, the electrical communication to the LED 306 and the electrical switch 310 are
protected from dental compositions utilized and outside elements by the use of a cover plate 312
that is removably attached to the bottom plate 302. The cover plate 312 is formed from a polymeric
material such as ABS, polycarbonate, or the like. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention
that the bottom plate 302 and the cover plate 312 can be fabricated from various metals.
Although the illustrative embodiments show the use of metal ions within the activating solution, gel
or tablet, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that ions other than metal ions may
be used to accelerate the breakdown of peroxides during the bleaching process. Likewise it will also
be understood that ions that are highly sensitive to heat may be used to accelerate the breakdown
of peroxides during the bleaching process.
The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the presently disclosed light activated
dental whitening composition and light embedded tray have been described in the foregoing specification.
The presently disclosed light activated dental whitening composition and light embedded tray, however,
is not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments shown, as these embodiments are regarded
as illustrious rather than restrictive. Moreover, variations and changes may be made by those skilled
in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the light activated dental whitening composition
and light embedded tray and disclosed herein and recited in the appended claims.
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|PATENT
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|      

| | Attorney Docket No.: 813126/7
| | -----------------------------

|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
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|WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1.             A method for whitening teeth
comprising the steps of :
providing
an alkaline composition having a photo-sensitive ion;
providing
a bleaching agent;
mixing
the alkaline composition with the bleaching agent forming a whitening composition; and
irradiating
the whitening composition with a selected wavelength range that excites said photo-sensitive ion.
2.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said photo-sensitive ion is a metal-ion selected from the group consisting of ionized
silver, ionized zinc and ionized manganese.
3.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said alkaline composition is formed from an alkaline compound selected from the
group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and [tri(dydroxymethyl)aminomethane].
4.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said bleaching agent is a peroxide.
5.             The method according to
claim 4, wherein said peroxide is selected from the group consisting of carbamide peroxide, calcium
peroxide, potassium peroxide and hydrogen peroxide.
6.             The method of claim 1, further
comprising the step of heating said whitening

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|composition.
7.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said whitening composition is a viscous foam that allows greater contact time with
said teeth.
8.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said excited photo-sensitive ion decreases the time needed for decomposition of
said bleaching agent.
9.             The method according to
claim 1, wherein said selected wavelength range is from about 430nm to about 490nm.
10.           The method according to claim 1, wherein
said selected wavelength range is produced by the emittance of a light source.
11.           The method according to claim 1, wherein
said selected wavelength range is produced by the filtered emittance of a light source.
12.           The method according to claim 10 and
11, wherein said light source is a LED.
13.           The method of claim 1, wherein said
selected wavelength is delivered to all exposed surfaces of said teeth.
14.           An apparatus for whitening teeth comprising:
a bottom
plate and a cover plate;
a dental
receiving area fixably attached to said bottom plate; and
a light
emitting device incorporated into said dental receiving area, said light emitting device producing
a selected wavelength range.
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|15.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 14, wherein said light emitting device comprises at least one LED.
16.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 15, wherein said at least one LED is in optical communication with said dental receiving
area.
17.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 15, wherein said at least one LED emits light in a selected wavelength range of about 430
nm to about 490 nm.
18.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 15, wherein said dental receiving area is fabricated from a light transmitting composition.
19.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 14, wherein said light emitting device is in optical communication with a fiber optic bundle
said fiber optic bundle directing light to at least one portion of said dental receiving area.
20.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 14, wherein said selected wavelength range is produced by the emittance of a light source.
21.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 14, wherein said selected wavelength range is produced by the filtered emittance of a light
source.
22.           The dental whitening apparatus according
to claim 14, wherein said selected wavelength is delivered to all exposed surfaces of said teeth.
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|ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dental
whitening composition is formed from tablet formulation containing a metal ion catalyst and an alkaline
pH raising compound and a peroxide solution having a concentration of about 1 percent to about 15
percent peroxide. The combination of the tablet formulation containing the metal ion within an alkaline
composition along with the peroxide rinse forms a dental composition having foam like consistency,
which whitens the surface of teeth. The tablet formulation can also be in the form of a gel or solution.
The process of whitening teeth is accelerated by using a light emitting device producing a selected
wavelength range. The light emitting device can be incorporated into a dental tray having a dental
receiving area formed from a polymer having optical properties.
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