Page 1 of 47

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF

PROPOSED REVISIONS TO THE WORKER PROTECTION STANDARD

APPENDIX B

Cost Estimation, Proposed Revisions

B.1. Training

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• Proposed options revise requirements for

o Worker training (TRAIN-02, 03, 06, and 08) with a common baseline. See 

Appendix A.1.a.

o Handler training (TRAIN-12 and 14) with a common baseline dependent on the 

size of the WPS farm. See Appendix A.1.d.

o Record keeping, for which there are currently no requirements. See Appendix 

A.1.c and A.1.e.

• Worker and handler baseline costs can be summed.

Table B.1-1. Baseline Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE, Training

Action/Material

wage/price

(wa)

unit 

time/quantity

(Hs,a,j

B)

annual 

probability

(Probt (j)) cost

Large WPS farm

Worker Training

Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.5 0.332 6.29

Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.5 0.237 4.49

Training by Certified Applicator 28.21 0.5 1.780 25.11

Training by WPS Handler 20.83 0.5 0.024 0.25

 Subtotal 2.37 36.15

Handler Training (Table A.1.d-1) 12.02

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 48.17

Large-Small WPS farm

Worker Training

Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.5 0.110 2.08

Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.5 0.079 1.49

Training by Certified Applicator 28.21 0.5 0.589 8.32

Training by WPS Handler 20.83 0.5 0.008 0.08

 Subtotal 0.79 11.97

Handler Training (Table A.1.d-1) 5.63

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 17.60

Medium/Small-Small WPS farm

Worker Training (See Large-Small) 11.97

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 11.97
Page 2 of 47

CPHES

Handler Training (Table A.1.d-1) 24.09

Expected per-firm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 24.09

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.1-2. Baseline Cost, per employee, Training

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker

Worker Training (Table A.1.a-2) 3.40

Training Verification (Table A.1.f-1) 0.53

Expected per-worker Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 3.92

WPS Handler

Handler Training (Table A.1.d-2) 5.12

Training Verification (Table A.1.f-1) 0.35

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 5.48

CPHE Handler

Handler Training (Table A.1.d-2) 4.94

Training Verification (Table A.1.f-1) 0.37

Expected per-worker Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

B ) 5.32

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, California

• Expanded worker training (see Appendix A.1.a)

• Annual, expanded handler training (see proposed requirements below (Table B.1-5)).

Table B.1-3. California Baseline Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE, Training

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

Worker Training 22.84

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.75 0.332 9.44

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.75 0.237 6.74

 Training by Certified Applicator 28.21 0.75 1.780 37.67

 Training by WPS Handler 20.83 0.75 0.024 0.37

 Subtotal 2.37 54.22

Handler Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 1 0.112 4.24

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 1 0.080 3.03

 Training by Cert. App. 28.21 1 0.608 17.15

 Subtotal 0.800 24.43

Record Keeping

 Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.16 0.10

 File Handler Acknowledgement 28.21 0.067 1.16 2.18

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 2.49

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 81.14
Page 3 of 47

Large-Small WPS farm

Worker Training 22.84

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.75 0.110 3.13

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.75 0.079 2.23

 Training by Certified Applicator 28.21 0.75 0.589 12.47

 Training by WPS Handler 20.83 0.75 0.008 0.12

 Subtotal 0.79 17.95

Handler Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 1 0.070 2.65

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 1 0.050 1.89

 Training by Cert. App. 28.21 1 0.380 10.72

 Subtotal 0.500 15.27

Record Keeping

 Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.16 0.10

 File Handler Acknowledgement 28.21 0.067 1.16 2.18

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 2.49

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 35.71

Medium/Small-Small WPS farm

Worker Training (See Large-Small) 17.95

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 17.95

CPHES

Handler Training (Table B.1-5) 41.75

Record Keeping (Table B.1-5) 2.94

Expected per-firm Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 44.70

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

• Handler training verification takes into account the annual training requirement in 

California

Table B.1-4. California Baseline Cost, per Employee, Training

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker

Worker Training (Table A.1.a-28) 5.04

Training Verification (Table A.1.f-1) 0.53

Expected per-worker Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 5.56

WPS Handler

Handler Training (Table B.1-6) 20.83

Record Keeping (Table B.1-6) 0.56

Training Verification

 Certificate of Training 0.06 1 1 0.06

 Distribute by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.033 0.14 0.18

 Distribute by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.033 0.10 0.13

 Distribute by Certified Applicator 28.21 0.033 0.76 0.71

 Subtotal 1.08

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 22.46
Page 4 of 47

CPHE Handler

Handler Training (Table B.1-6) 20.10

Record Keeping (Table B.1-6) 0.57

Training Verification

 Certificate of Training 0.06 1 1 0.06

 Distribute by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.033 0.14 0.18

 Distribute by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.033 0.10 0.13

 Distribute by Certified Applicator 30.30 0.033 0.76 0.77

 Subtotal 1.13

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costTRAIN,CA,a

B ) 21.80

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, Other Regions

• Roughly half the states in the Florida, New York, and Washington regions do not 

participate in the current, voluntary training verification program. Thus, costs are half 

that shown in the Training Verification lines of Table B.1-2. Resulting expected perworker cost is $3.66, per-WPS handler cost is $5.39, and per-CPHE handler cost is $5.22.

• Almost no states in the Iowa, Ohio, and Texas regions participate in the current, 

voluntary training verification program. Thus, there are no costs for the Training 

Verification lines of Table B.1-2. Resulting expected per-worker cost is $3.40, per-WPS 

handler cost is $5.12, and per-CPHE handler cost is $4.94.

Proposal

Worker Training. Immediate training with exceptions (TRAIN-02), annual (TRAIN-03), 

expanded material (+15 minutes) (TRAIN-06), elevated trainer standards (TRAIN-08).

• Only WPS handler trainers or individuals who have completed a Train-the-Trainers 

program may lead worker training sessions.

o Handler trainers will lead 85% of sessions, compared to 14% in baseline (see 

Table A.1.b-3).

o Train-the-Trainer graduates will lead 15% of sessions, compared to 10% in 

baseline (see Table A.1.b-3).

• Training session will last about 45 minutes (see Table A.1.a-27)

• Due to immediate training (with exceptions) on an annual basis, Large WPS farms will 

hold 3.33 trainings each year, on average, up from 2.37 per year and Small WPS farms 

will hold 1.21 trainings each year, on average, up from 0.79 per year.

o Handler trainers will therefore lead, on average, 2.8 and 1.0 sessions.

o Train-the-Trainer grads will lead 0.5 and 0.2 sessions, on average.

Handler Training. Annual training (TRAIN-12), expanded material (+15 minutes) (TRAIN-14).

• Training sessions last 1 hour.

• Large WPS farms will hold 0.8 sessions per year, on average, (4 sessions for every 5 

large WPS farms) compared to 0.525 session per year; Large-small WPS farms will hold 

0.5 session per year, on average, (1 session for every 2 farms) compared to 0.246; CPHEs 

will hold 1.3 sessions per year, on average, compared to 1 session. See A.1.d, TRAIN12, Table A.1.d-3.

Record keeping (2 years)

• See Table A.1.c-1 (worker, TRAIN-10) and Table A.1.e-1 (handler, TRAIN-16).
Page 5 of 47

Table B.1-5. Cost of Proposal, per WPS farm/CPHE, Training

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

Worker Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.75 2.827 80.31

 Training by Train-the-Trainers 37.87 0.75 0.499 14.17

 Subtotal 3.33 94.48

Handler Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 1 0.112 4.24

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 1 0.080 3.03

 Training by Cert. App. 28.21 1 0.608 17.15

 Subtotal 0.800 24.43

Record Keeping

 Worker Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 3.33 0.30

 File Worker Acknowledgement 28.21 0.117 3.33 10.95

 Folder 0.20 1 1.00 0.20

 Handler Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.16 0.10

 File Handler Acknowledgement 28.21 0.067 1.16 2.18

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 13.93

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 132.84

Large-Small WPS farm

Worker Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.75 1.028 29.19

 Training by Train-the-Trainers 37.87 0.75 0.181 5.15

 Subtotal 1.21 34.34

Handler Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 1 0.070 2.65

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 1 0.050 1.89

 Training by Cert. App. 28.21 1 0.380 10.72

 Subtotal 0.500 15.27

Record Keeping

 Worker Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.21 0.11

 File Worker Acknowledgement 28.21 0.117 1.21 3.98

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Handler Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.16 0.10

 File Handler Acknowledgement 28.21 0.067 1.16 2.18

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 6.77

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 56.38

Medium/Small-Small WPS farm

Worker Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.75 1.028 29.19

 Training by Train-the-Trainers 37.87 0.75 0.181 5.15

 Subtotal 1.21 34.34

Record Keeping

 Worker Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.21 0.11
Page 6 of 47

 File Worker Acknowledgement 28.21 0.117 1.21 3.98

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 4.29

Expected per-farm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 38.63

CPHES

Handler Training

 Training by Handler Trainer 37.87 1 0.182 6.89

 Training by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 1 0.130 4.92

 Training by Cert. App. 30.30 1 0.988 29.94

 Subtotal 1.300 41.75

Record Keeping

 Handler Training Acknowledgement 0.09 1 1.16 0.10

 File Handler Acknowledgement 30.30 0.067 1.16 2.34

 Folder 0.20 1 1 0.20

 Subtotal 2.65

Expected per-firm Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 44.40

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

• Wages and time spent on activities are as explained in Appendix A.1.

• Workers trained each year will account 90.3% of total workforce

o Exclude workers employed 2 days or less, which EPA assumes account for under 

0.83% of the workforce, i.e., 3% of part-time employees, who are 27.5% of total 

workforce (NASS, 2007 and 2008a).

o Excludes returning handlers, about 8.89% of workforce, who receive handler 

safety training.

• Workers obtaining hazard information under exception account for 4.8% of total 

workforce

o Workers employed two days or less (0.83%).

o Additional 3.975% of workforce. EPA assumes 25% of other new hires, who are 

15.9% of total workforce, receive hazard information prior to full training.

• Training verification adjusted to account for new, limited categories of qualified trainers.

Table B.1-6. Cost of Proposal, per employee, Training

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker

Worker Training

 Full training session 13.43 0.75 0.903 9.09

 Receive Safety Information 13.43 0.167 0.048 0.11

 Provide Safety Information 28.21 0.167 0.048 0.23

 Written Information 0.09 1 0.048 0.00

 Subtotal 9.43

Record Keeping

 Acknowledge full training 13.43 0.008 0.903 0.10

 Acknowledge Right-to-Know info 13.43 0.008 0.048 0.01

 Acknowledgement of R2K info 0.09 1 0.048 0.00

 Store Ackmt of R2K info 28.21 0.017 0.048 0.02

 Subtotal 0.13
Page 7 of 47

Training Verification

 Copy of Training Record 0.09 1 0.903 0.08

 Distribute Certs (hndlr trnr) 37.87 0.008 0.767 0.24

 Distribute Certs (trn-the-trnr) 37.87 0.008 0.135 0.04

 Subtotal 0.37

Expected per-worker Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 9.93

WPS Handler

Training session 20.83 1 1 20.83

Record Keeping

 Acknowledge Training 20.83 0.008 1 0.17

 Handler Trainer Collects 

Acknowledgement 37.87 0.013 0.140 0.07

 Trn-the-Trnr Collects 

Acknowledgement 37.87 0.013 0.100 0.05

 Cert. App. Collects 

Acknowledgement 28.21 0.013 0.760 0.27

 Subtotal 0.56

Training Verification

 Certificate of Training 0.09 1 1.000 0.09

 Distribute by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.008 0.140 0.04

 Distribute by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.008 0.100 0.03

 Distribute by Cert. App. 28.21 0.008 0.760 0.18

 Subtotal 0.34

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 21.73

CPHE Handler

Training session 20.10 1 1 20.10

Record Keeping

 Acknowledge Training 20.10 0.008 1 0.17

 Handler Trainer Collects 

Acknowledgement 37.87 0.013 0.140 0.07

 Trn-the-Trnr Collects 

Acknowledgement 37.87 0.013 0.100 0.05

 Cert. App. Collects 

Acknowledgement 30.30 0.013 0.760 0.29

 Subtotal 0.57

Training Verification

 Certificate of Training 0.09 1 1.000 0.09

 Distribute by Handler Trainer 37.87 0.008 0.140 0.04

 Distribute by Train-the-Trainer 37.87 0.008 0.100 0.03

 Distribute by Cert. App. 30.30 0.008 0.760 0.19

 Subtotal 0.36

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costTRAIN,i,a

P ) 21.03

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Baseline

Table B.1-7. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor, for Year 1. (TRAIN only)
Page 8 of 47

Region

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Other 

Small 

WPS 

Farms

WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

RCRi

B

1

($1,000)

South

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.48 $ 3.92 $24.09 $ 5.32

Na,South 8,089 20,746 29,969 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $2,414

California

costTRAIN,a

B $81.14 $35.71 $17.95 $22.46 $ 5.56 $44.70 $21.80

Na,CA 3,366 8,633 12,470 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $3,378

Southwest

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.48 $ 3.92 $24.09 $ 5.32

Na,SW 1,737 4,456 6,436 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 597

Subtropics

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.39 $ 3.66 $24.09 $ 5.22

Na,Subtropic 1,357 3,481 5,028 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 632

Midwest

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.12 $ 3.40 $24.09 $ 4.94

Na,MW 11,781 30,214 43,646 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $2,947

Northeast

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.39 $ 3.66 $24.09 $ 5.22

Na,NE 5,592 14,341 20,717 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $1,943

Ohio Valley

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.12 $ 3.40 $24.09 $ 4.94

Na,OH Val 12,541 32,164 46,461 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $3,253

Texas and the Mountain West

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.12 $ 3.40 $24.09 $ 4.94

Na,TX/Mt W 6,678 17,126 24,739 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $1,725

Northwest

costTRAIN,a

B $48.17 $17.60 $11.97 $ 5.39 $ 3.66 $24.09 $ 5.22

Na,NW 3,149 8,076 11,666 14,373 346,069 162 991 $1,786

U.S. 54,289 139,237 201,132 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $18,675

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal

Table B.1-8. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, for Year 1. (TRAIN only)

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Other 

Small 

WPS 

Farms

WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

costTRAIN,a

P $132.84 $56.38 $38.63 $21.73 $ 9.93 $44.40 $21.03 RCRiP

t=1

Region N ($1,000) i at

South 8,089 20,746 29,969 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $ 6,997

California 3,366 8,633 12,470 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $ 5,700

Southwest 1,737 4,456 6,436 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 1,702

Subtropical 1,357 3,481 5,028 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 1,824

Midwest 11,781 30,214 43,646 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $ 9,203
Page 9 of 47

Northeast 5,592 14,341 20,717 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $ 5,723

Ohio 

Valley 12,541 32,164 46,461 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $10,135

Texas/Mt 

West 6,678 17,126 24,739 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $ 5,375

Northwest 3,149 8,076 11,666 14,373 346,069 162 991 $ 5,101

U.S. 54,289 139,237 201,132 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $51,761

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Case 1. All requirements implemented immediately

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 

0.47% rate of decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS workers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.03 to account for a 2.14% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (6.91 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHEs, regional costs are multiplied by 10.57 to account for a 4.27% rate of growth 

in numbers and a 3% discount rate (8.93 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.85 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.57 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.1-9. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (TRAIN only)

Region PV(RCTRAIN

P

i) PV(RCTRAIN

B

i) PV(RICTRAIN i) ARICTRAIN i

($1,000)

South 58,725 20,185 38,540 4,386

California 46,821 27,828 18,993 2,162

Southwest 14,215 4,968 9,247 1,052

Subtropical 15,075 5,208 9,867 1,123

Midwest 77,592 24,823 52,769 6,006

Northeast 47,711 16,153 31,557 3,592

Ohio Valley 85,315 27,353 57,962 6,597

Texas/Mountain West 45,254 14,506 30,749 3,500

Northwest 41,943 14,651 27,292 3,106

U.S. 432,652 155,675 276,976 31,524

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.1-10. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (TRAIN only)

Region

PV(RCTRAIN

P

i) PV(RCTRAIN

B

i) PV(RICTRAIN

i)

ARICTRAIN i

($1,000)

South 50,399 17,328 33,071 4,401

California 40,247 23,916 16,331 2,173

Southwest 12,204 4,266 7,938 1,056

Subtropical 12,952 4,476 8,477 1,128
Page 10 of 47

Midwest 66,568 21,298 45,270 6,024

Northeast 40,966 13,873 27,094 3,605

Ohio Valley 73,202 23,472 49,731 6,617

Texas/Mountain West 38,829 12,447 26,382 3,510

Northwest 36,051 12,595 23,456 3,121

U.S. 371,419 133,669 237,749 31,636

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

Case 2. All requirements implemented with 2 year delay

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) 

multiplied by 1.97 plus proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 6.65 to account for a 0.47% 

rate of decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.93 and 5.45 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS workers, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) multiplied by 1.95 

plus proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 6.08 to account for a 2.14% rate of decline in 

numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.91 and 5.00 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHEs, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) multiplied by 2.01 plus 

proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 8.56 to account for a 4.27% rate of growth in 

numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.97 and 6.95 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) multiplied by 

1.97 plus proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 6.88 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.94 and 5.63 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.1-11. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (TRAIN only)

Region

PV(RCTRAIN

P

i) PV(RCTRAIN

B

i) PV(RICTRAIN

i)

ARICTRAIN i

($1,000)

South 49,739 20,185 29,554 3,364

California 42,283 27,828 14,455 1,645

Southwest 12,050 4,968 7,081 806

Subtropical 12,741 5,208 7,533 857

Midwest 65,323 24,823 40,500 4,610

Northeast 40,305 16,153 24,151 2,749

Ohio Valley 71,820 27,353 44,467 5,061

Texas/Mountain West 38,096 14,506 23,591 2,685

Northwest 35,460 14,651 20,809 2,368

U.S. 367,816 155,675 212,141 24,145

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.1-12. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (TRAIN only)

Region PV(RCTRAIN

P

i) PV(RCTRAIN

B

i) PV(RICTRAIN

i)

ARICTRAIN i
Page 11 of 47

($1,000)

South 41,577 17,328 24,249 3,227

California 35,791 23,916 11,876 1,580

Southwest 10,078 4,266 5,812 773

Subtropical 10,661 4,476 6,186 823

Midwest 54,523 21,298 33,226 4,421

Northeast 33,696 13,873 19,823 2,638

Ohio Valley 59,955 23,472 36,483 4,855

Texas/Mountain West 31,802 12,447 19,355 2,575

Northwest 29,686 12,595 17,091 2,274

U.S. 370,770 133,669 174,101 23,166

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

B.2. Hazard Communication

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• Application information (HAZCOM-01), see Table A.2.a-1

• Pesticide-specific information (HAZCOM-02), no current requirements, but the label 

would be needed for a pesticide application. See Table A.2.b-1.

• Record keeping for 2 years (HAZCOM-05), no current requirements

Table B.2-1. Baseline Cost, per WPS farm, Hazard Communication

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

01 Application Information (Table A.2.a-1) 44.90

02 Pesticide Information (Table A.2.b-1) 14.51

Expected per-farm Cost (costHAZCOM,i,a

B ) 59.41

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, California

• Central posting and more extensive information required to be provided workers upon 

request. See Appendix A.2.a.

• SDS required to be available.

Table B.2-2. California Baseline Cost, per WPS farm, Hazard Communication

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

01 Application Information (Table A.2.a-2) 48.53

02 Pesticide Information (Table A.2.b-2) 38.55

Expected per-farm Cost (costHAZCOM,CA,a

B ) 87.08

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, Subtropics and Midwest
Page 12 of 47

• SDS required to be available.

Table B.2-3. Subtropics and Midwest Baseline Cost, per WPS farm, Hazard Communication

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

01 Application Information (Table A.2.a-1) 44.90

02 Pesticide Information (Table A.2.b-2) 38.55

Expected per-farm Cost (costHAZCOM,(Subtrop,MW),a

B ) 83.45

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, Texas/Mountain West

• Central posting and more extensive information required to be provided workers upon 

request. See Appendix A.2.a.

• SDS required to be available.

• Record keeping requirement as in EPA proposal.

Table B.2-4. Texas/Mountain West Baseline Cost, per WPS farm, Hazard Communication

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

01 Application Information (Table A.2.a-2) 48.53

02 Pesticide Information (Table A.2.b-2) 38.55

05 Record Keeping (Table A.2.c-1) 8.79

Expected per-farm Cost (costHAZCOM,TX/Mt West,a

B ) 95.88

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal

• Application information provided on request (HACOM-01), see Table A.2.a-3

• Pesticide-specific information, i.e., label and SDS sheet, available (HAZCOM-02), see 

Table A.2.b-1

• Records kept for 2 years (HAZCOM-05), see Table A.2.c-1

• Duplicate/Additional Costs

o Printing label, SDS (HAZCOM-02) is not always needed since there is no central 

posting. EPA assumes 50% of farms will store information electronically.

o Information sheet (HAZCOM-01) becomes record (HAZCOM-05), separate 

document is not needed

Table B.2-5. Proposal Cost, per WPS farm, Hazard Communication

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

01 Record Application Information 28.21 0.083 15.4 36.26

 Information Sheet 0.09 1 15.4 1.39

 Provide Information 28.21 0.1 3.9 10.88

02 Obtain label 28.21 0.067 7.7 14.51

 Obtain SDS 28.21 0.067 7.7 14.51

 Copy of Label, SDS 0.09 13.7 3.9 4.77

 Print Label, SDS 0.09 13.7 3.9 4.77

05 Store Records 28.21 0.017 15.4 7.25
Page 13 of 47

 Information Sheets 0.09 1 15.4 1.39

 Folder 0.20 1 0.77 0.15

Subtotal 95.88

Store rather than print label, MSDS -2.38

Duplicate Information Sheet -1.39

Expected per-farm Cost (costHAZCOM,i,a

P ) 92.10

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Baseline

Table B.2-6. Regional Baseline Costs by Actor, Year 1 (HAZCOM only)

Region

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

RCRi

B

1

($1,000)

South

costHAZCOM,a

B $59.41 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $ 3,494

California

costHAZCOM,a

B $87.08 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,CA 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $ 2,131

Southwest

costHAZCOM,a

B $59.41 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 750

Subtropics, Midwest

costHAZCOM,a

B $83.45 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,Subtropics 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 823

Na,Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $ 7,147

Northeast, Ohio Valley

costHAZCOM,a

B $59.41 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $ 2,415

Na,Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $ 5,416

Texas/Mountain West

costHAZCOM,a

B $95.88 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,Texas/Mt West 48,543 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $ 4,654

Northwest

costHAZCOM,a

B $59.41 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00

Na,Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 $ 1,360

U.S. 394,658 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $28,190

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal
Page 14 of 47

Table B.2-7. Regional Proposal Cost, by actor, for Year 1. (HAZCOM only)

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

costHAZCOM,a

P $92.10 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 RCRi

P

t=1

Region N ($1,000) i at

South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $ 5,416

California 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $ 2,254

Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 1,163

Subtropical 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 909

Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $ 7,888

Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $ 3,744

Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $ 8,397

Texas/Mt 

West 48,543 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $ 4,471

Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 $ 2,108

U.S. 241,684 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $36,349

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms, regional costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 0.47% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.2-8. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (HAZCOM only)

Region

PV(RCHAZCOM

P

i) PV(RCHAZCOM

B

i) PV(RICHAZCOM

i)

ARICHAZCOM i

($1,000)

South 46,645 30,088 16,557 1,885

California 19,409 18,351 1,058 120

Southwest 10,018 6,462 3,556 405

Subtropical 7,826 7,092 735 84

Midwest 67,933 61,554 6,379 726

Northeast 32,245 20,799 11,446 1,303

Ohio Valley 72,316 46,646 25,670 2,922

Texas/Mountain West 38,506 40,083 -1,577 -180

Northwest 18,157 11,712 6,445 734

U.S. 313,055 242,787 70,269 7,998

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.2-9. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (HAZCOM only)

Region

PV(RCHAZCOM

P

i) PV(RCHAZCOM

B

i) PV(RICHAZCOM

i)

ARICHAZCOM i

($1,000)

South 39,957 25,773 14,183 1,887

California 16,626 15,720 907 121
Page 15 of 47

Southwest 8,581 5,535 3,046 405

Subtropical 6,704 6,075 630 84

Midwest 58,192 52,728 5,464 727

Northeast 27,621 17,816 9,805 1,305

Ohio Valley 61,946 39,957 21,989 2,926

Texas/Mountain West 32,984 34,335 -1,351 -180

Northwest 15,554 10,033 5,521 735

U.S. 268,165 207,972 60,192 8,009

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

B.3. Notify

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• Post signs if REI > 48 hours (NOTIFY-01), see Table A.3.a-1

• Allow oral notification in indoor production if REI ≤ 4 hours (NOTIFY-03), see Table 

A.3.a-13.

• Revise REI warning signs (NOTIFY-06), see Table A.3.c-1. Annual probabilities for 

small farms adjusted by size as for as in Table A.3.a-3.

• Post REI warning signs if within 100 feet of worker housing (NOTIFY-08), see Table 

A.3.d-1

• Oral notification for early entry events (NOTIFY-10), see Table A.3.e-1

• Record keeping of notification for early entry (NOTIFY-12), no current requirements

• Revised safety posters (NOTIFY-14), see Table A.3.g-1

o identical baseline for location of worker and handler safety displays (NOTIFY-15

and 16)

• Notification of WPS farms by CPHEs (NOTIFY-18), see Appendix A.3.h. Codification 

of guidance only.

• Duplicate Costs

o Warning signs listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 06)

o Warning signs and posting listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 08)

o Central safety poster listed in three lines (NOTIFY-14, 15, 16)

Table B.3-1. Baseline Cost, per WPS farm and greenhouse, Notification

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS large farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 13.9 19.60

 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.329 7.45

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 5.26 49.51

 Warning Signs 5.66 6 0.122 4.15

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 1.95 27.55

06 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.329 7.45

 Warning Signs 5.66 6 0.122 4.15

08 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.329 7.45
Page 16 of 47

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 5.26 49.51

 Warning Signs 5.66 6 0.122 4.15

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 1.95 27.55

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.68

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

Subtotal 217.21

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) -11.59

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -88.65

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 5.35

Expected per-large farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 111.61

WPS large-small farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 19.8 27.87

 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.368 4.17

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.47 13.86

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.081 1.37

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.32 4.55

06 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.368 4.17

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.081 1.37

08 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.368 4.17

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.47 13.86

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.081 1.37

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.32 4.55

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.68

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

Subtotal 89.98

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 5.54

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -23.95

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 5.32

Expected per-large small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 55.16

WPS medium-small farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 16.3 22.94

 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.342 3.88

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.37 12.88

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.027 0.46

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.11 1.54

06 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.342 3.88

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.027 0.46

08 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.342 3.88

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.37 12.88
Page 17 of 47

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.027 0.46

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.11 1.54

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.56

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

Subtotal 71.94

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 4.34

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -18.76

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 4.38

Expected per-medium small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 44.45

WPS small-small farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 11.3 15.88

 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.249 2.82

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.00 9.38

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.007 0.11

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.03 0.37

06 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.249 2.82

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.007 0.11

08 Warning Signs 5.66 2 0.249 2.82

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 1.00 9.38

 Warning Signs 5.66 3 0.007 0.11

 Post 3 Signs 28.21 0.5 0.03 0.37

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.39

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

Subtotal 49.12

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 2.93

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -12.68

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) -3.04

Expected per-small small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 30.47

WPS large greenhouse

03 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 1.64 2.32

 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.374 8.46

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 14.9 140.53

06 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.374 8.46

08 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.374 8.46

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 11.8 111.06

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.56

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51
Page 18 of 47

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

Subtotal 315.97

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 8.46

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -148.99

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 4.44

Expected per-greenhouse Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 154.09

WPS small greenhouse

03 Oral Notification 28.21 0.05 1.21 1.71

 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.276 6.25

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 11.0 103.79

06 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.276 6.25

08 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.276 6.25

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 11.0 103.79

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.72

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

Subtotal 233.35

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 6.25

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -110.03

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 3.28

Expected per-greenhouse Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 113.80

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

• Post signs if REI > 48 hours (NOTIFY-01), see Table A.3.a-2

• Allow oral notification in indoor production if REI ≤ 4 hours (NOTIFY-03), see Table

A.3.a-13.

• Oral notification for early entry events (NOTIFY-10), see Table A.3.e-2

Table B.3-2. Baseline Cost, per WPS worker, Notification

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker, large farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-2 7.12

10 Table A.3.e-2 0.13

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 7.24

WPS large-small farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-2 9.79

10 Table A.3.e-2 0.12

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 9.91

WPS medium & small-small farm, excluding 

greenhouse
Page 19 of 47

01 Table A.3.a-2 7.59

10 Table A.3.e-2 0.09

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 7.69

WPS large greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-13 0.84

10 Table A.3.e-2 0.11

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 0.95

WPS small greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-13 0.55

10 Table A.3.e-2 0.07

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

B ) 0.62

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Baseline, California

• As above, except for revisions to REI warning signs and safety displays, which are 

similar to the proposed revisions

• Revise REI warning signs (NOTIFY-06), see Table A.3.c-2

• Revised safety posters (NOTIFY-14), see Table A.3.g-2

• Duplicate Costs

o Warning signs listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 06), including less frequent 

revised signs for small greenhouse

o Warning signs and posting listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 08)

o Central safety poster listed in three lines (NOTIFY-14, 15, 16)

• Additional Cost, large greenhouses, for more frequent use of revised warning signs 

(NOTIFY-06)

Table B.3-3. California Baseline Cost, per WPS farm and greenhouse, Notification

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-1 108.25

06 Warning Signs 5.94 4 0.329 7.85

 Warning Signs 5.94 6 0.122 4.35

08 Table A.3.d-1 88.65

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.68

14 Table A.3.g-1 2.68

15 Table A.3.g-1 2.68

16 Table A.3.g-1 2.68

Subtotal 217.78

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) -11.59

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -88.65

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 5.35

Expected per-large farm Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 112.19

Large-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-1 51.82

06 Warning Signs 5.94 2 0.368 4.38

 Warning Signs 5.94 3 0.081 1.44
Page 20 of 47

08 Table A.3.d-1 23.95

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.68

14 Table A.3.g-1 2.66

15 Table A.3.g-1 2.66

16 Table A.3.g-1 2.66

Subtotal 90.26

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 5.54

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -23.95

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 5.32

Expected per-large small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 55.44

Medium-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-1 41.70

06 Warning Signs 5.94 2 0.342 4.07

 Warning Signs 5.94 3 0.027 0.49

08 Table A.3.d-1 18.76

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.56

14 Table A.3.g-1 2.19

15 Table A.3.g-1 2.19

16 Table A.3.g-1 2.19

Subtotal 72.16

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 4.37

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -18.76

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 4.38

Expected per-medium small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 44.67

Small-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-1 28.56

06 Warning Signs 5.94 2 0.249 2.96

 Warning Signs 5.94 3 0.007 0.12

08 Table A.3.d-1 12.68

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.39

14 Table A.3.g-1 1.52

15 Table A.3.g-1 1.52

16 Table A.3.g-1 1.52

Subtotal 49.27

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 2.93

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -12.68

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 3.04

Expected per-small small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 30.61

WPS large greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-13 151.31

06 Warning Signs 5.94 4 0.374 8.88

08 Table A.3.d-1 148.99

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.56

14 Table A.3.g-1 2.22

15 Table A.3.g-1 2.22

16 Table A.3.g-1 2.22

Subtotal 316.39

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 8.46

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -148.99
Page 21 of 47

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 4.44

Expected per-greenhouse Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 154.51

WPS small greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-13 111.74

06 Warning Signs 5.94 4 0.276 6.56

08 Table A.3.d-1 110.03

10 Table A.3.e-1 0.42

14 Table A.3.g-1 1.64

15 Table A.3.g-1 1.64

16 Table A.3.g-1 1.64

Subtotal 233.66

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 6.25

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -110.03

Duplicate Central Safety Posters (14, 15, 16) - 3.28

Expected per-greenhouse Cost (costNOTIFY,CA,a

B ) 114.11

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

• Worker costs are as for all regions above (Table B.3-2).

Proposal

• Post signs if REI > 48 hours (NOTIFY-01). Large WPS farms, excluding greenhouses, 

as in baseline; for other, see Table A.3.a-3.

• Allow oral notification in indoor production if REI ≤ 4 hours (NOTIFY-03). Large WPS 

greenhouse, see Table A.3.a-13; for small WPS greenhouse, see Table A.3.a-14.

• Revise REI warning signs (NOTIFY-06), see Table A.3.c-2.

• Post REI warning signs if within 100 feet of worker housing (NOTIFY-08), see Table 

A.3.d-1.

• Oral notification for early entry events (NOTIFY-10), see Table A.3.e-3.

• Record keeping of notification for early entry (NOTIFY-12), see Table A.3.f-1.

• Revised safety posters (NOTIFY-14), see Table A.3.g-2. Annual probabilities adjusted 

for farm size. EPA assumes the displays last three years. Thus, annual probability of

purchase/update is 1/3, weighted by likelihood that a WPS farm will make a pesticide 

application

o Large WPS farms, 0.301 (0.902/3)

o Large-Small WPS farms, 0.299 (0.897/3)

o Medium-Small WPS farms, 0.246 (0.739/3)

o Small-Small WPS farms, 0.171 (0.512/3)

• Worker and handler safety (decontamination) displays (NOTIFY-15 and 16), see Tables 

A.3.g-6 and A.3.g-10. Annual probabilities adjusted for farm size as per NOTIFY-14.

• Duplicate/Additional Costs

o Warning signs listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 06)

o Warning signs and posting listed in two lines (NOTIFY-01, 08)

o Additional warning signs in NOTIFY-01 (small WPS farms, excluding 

greenhouses) must be revised as per NOTIFY-06

o Frequency of purchase of warning signs adjusted for size of greenhouse 

(NOTIFY-08)
Page 22 of 47

o Central safety display and posting listed in three lines (NOTIFY-14, 15, 16)

o Total number of safety displays adjusted for dual use

 Large WPS farm: 2 worker displays (NOTIFY-15) and 2 handler displays 

(NOTIFY-16), 1 overlapping location for total of 3 displays

 Large-Small WPS farm: 2 worker displays (NOTIFY-15) and 1 handler 

display (NOTIFY-16), 1 overlapping location for total of 2 displays

o Additional decontamination posters (NOTIFY-15 and 16) to be updated as per 

NOTIFY-14

Table B.3-4. Cost of Proposal, per WPS farm/CPHE, Notification

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-1 108.25

06 Warning Signs 5.94 4 0.329 7.82

 Warning Signs 5.94 6 0.122 4.35

08 Table A.3.d-1 88.65

10 Table A.3.e-3 2.04

12 Table A.3.f-1 1.29

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.301 0.42

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 2 0.301 4.78

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.902 1.70

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.301 1.83

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.902 0.85

 Handler Decontamination 

Poster 7.95 2 0.301 4.78

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.902 1.70

Subtotal 233.82

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) -11.59

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -88.65

Additional 3 Revised Displays 

(15, 16) 28.21 0.15 0.301 1.27

Duplicate Central Safety Posters,

Posting (14, 15, 16) - 5.35

Duplicate Display and Posting 

(15, 16) - 3.24

Expected per-Large farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 126.25

Large-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-3 104.23

06 Table A.3.c-2 5.82

08 Table A.3.d-1 23.95

10 Table A.3.e-3 2.03

12 Table A.3.f-1 1.29

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84
Page 23 of 47

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.299 0.42

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 2 0.299 4.76

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.898 1.69

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.299 1.82

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

 Handler Decontamination 

Display 7.95 1 0.299 2.38

 Post 1 Display 28.21 0.033 0.898 0.84

Subtotal 155.40

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) -11.08

Additional Revised Warning Signs (01, 06) 5.82

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -23.95

Additional 2 Revised Signs (15, 16) 28.21 0.10 0.299 0.84

Duplicate Central Safety Posters, 

Posting (14, 15, 16) - 5.33

Duplicate Display and Posting (15, 16) - 3.22

Expected per-Large-Small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 118.48

Medium-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-3 82.42

06 Table A.3.c-2 4.56

08 Table A.3.d-1 18.76

10 Table A.3.e-3 1.67

12 Table A.3.f-1 1.06

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.246 0.35

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 2 0.246 3.92

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.739 1.39

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.246 1.50

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.739 0.70

Subtotal 120.70

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 8.68

Additional Revised Warning Signs (01, 06) 4.56

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -18.76

Additional Revised Display (15, 16) 28.21 0.10 0.246 0.70

Duplicate Safety Central Posters (14, 15, 16) - 4.38

Expected per-Medium-Small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 94.13

Small-Small WPS, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-3 55.98

06 Table A.3.c-2 3.08

08 Table A.3.d-1 12.68

10 Table A.3.e-3 1.16

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.73

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04
Page 24 of 47

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.171 0.24

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 1 0.171 1.36

 Post Display 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.171 1.04

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.512 0.48

Subtotal 80.26

Duplicate Warning Signs (01, 06) - 5.84

Additional Revised Warning Signs (01, 06) 3.08

Duplicate Signs, Posting (01, 08) -12.68

Additional Revised Display (15, 16) 28.21 0.05 0.171 0.24

Duplicate Safety Central Posters (14, 15, 16) - 3.04

Expected per-Small-Small farm Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 62.00

Large WPS greenhouse

03 Oral Notification if REI < 4 hrs 28.21 0.05 1.6 2.32

 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.374 8.46

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 14.9 140.53

06 Revised Warning Signs 5.94 4 2.95 7.02

08 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.374 8.46

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 14.9 140.53

10 Table A.3.e-3 1.69

12 Table A.3.f-1 1.07

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.249 0.35

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 2 0.249 3.96

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.747 1.41

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.249 1.51

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.747 0.70

 Handler Decontamination 

Poster 7.95 2 0.249 3.96

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.747 1.41

Subtotal 327.80

Duplicate Warning Signs (03, 06) - 8.46

More frequent revised signs (06) 5.94 4 (0.374-0.295) 1.86

Duplicate Signs, Posting (03, 08) -148.99

Additional 3 Revised Displays 

(15, 16) 28.21 0.15 0.301 1.05

Duplicate Central Safety Posters, 

Posting (14, 15, 16) - 4.44

Duplicate Display and Posting (15, 16) - 2.68

Expected per-Large GH Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 166.16

Small WPS greenhouse

03 Oral Notification if REI < 4 hrs 28.21 0.05 3.6 5.14
Page 25 of 47

 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.276 6.25

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 8.8 83.03

06 Revised Warning Signs 5.94 4 2.95 7.02

08 Warning Signs 5.66 4 0.276 6.25

 Post 2 Signs 28.21 0.333 11.0 103.79

10 Table A.3.e-3 1.25

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.79

14 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

 Update Poster 28.21 0.05 0.184 0.26

15 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

 Worker Decontamination 

Display 7.95 2 0.184 2.92

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.067 0.522 1.04

16 Central Safety Poster 6.08 1 0.184 1.12

 Post sign 28.21 0.033 0.552 0.52

 Handler Decontamination 

Poster 7.95 1 0.080 0.64

 Post 2 Displays 28.21 0.033 0.240 0.23

Subtotal 223.49

Duplicate Warning Signs (03, 06) -6.25

Less frequent revised signs (06) 5.94 4 (0.265-0.276) - 0.46

Duplicate Signs, Posting (03, 08) -110.03

Additional 2 Revised Signs (15, 16) 28.21 0.10 0.299 0.52

Duplicate Central Safety Posters, 

Posting (14, 15, 16) - 3.28

Duplicate Display and Posting (15, 16) - 0.86

Expected per-Small GH Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 103.14

• Post signs if REI > 48 hours (NOTIFY-01), see Table A.3.a-4

• Allow oral notification in indoor production if REI ≤ 4 hours (NOTIFY-03), see Tables 

A.3.a-13 and A.3.a-14.

• Oral notification for early entry events (NOTIFY-10), see Table A.3.e-3

• Record keeping of oral notification for early entry events (NOTIFY-10) , see Table A.3.f1

Table B.3-5. Cost of Proposal, per employee, Notification

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker, large farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-4 7.12

10 Table A.3.e-3 0.25

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.02

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 7.39

WPS large-small farm, excluding greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-4 6.85

10 Table A.3.e-3 0.24

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.02
Page 26 of 47

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 7.12

WPS medium & small-small farm, excluding 

greenhouse

01 Table A.3.a-4 5.32

10 Table A.3.e-3 0.19

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.02

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 5.52

WPS large greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-13 0.84

10 Table A.3.e-3 0.21

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.02

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 1.07

WPS small greenhouse

03 Table A.3.a-14 1.11

10 Table A.3.e-3 0.14

12 Table A.3.f-1 0.01

Expected per-worker Cost (costNOTIFY,i,a

P ) 1.26

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Baseline

Table B.3-6a. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor (farm), for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Region

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Medium

-Small 

WPS 

Farm

SmallSmall 

WPS Farm

Large 

WPS 

Greenhouse

Large 

WPS 

Greenhouse

WPS 

Farm

RCRi

B

1

($1,000)

South

costNOTIFY,a

B $111.61 $55.16 $44.45 $30.47 $154.09 $113.80

Na,South 8,063 20,704 18,011 11,895 26 105 $ 3,221

California

costNOTIFY,a

B $112.19 $55.44 $44.67 $30.61 $154.51 $114.11

Na,California 3,355 8,615 7,495 4,950 11 44 $ 1,340

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mountain West, Northwest

costNOTIFY,a

B $111.61 $55.16 $44.45 $30.47 $154.09 $113.80

Na,Southwest 1,732 4,446 3,868 2,555 6 23 $ 692

Na,Subtropical 1,353 3,474 3,022 1,996 4 18 $ 540

Na,Midwest 11,743 30,152 26,231 17,323 38 153 $ 4,691

Na,Northeast 5,574 14,312 12,451 8,223 18 73 $ 2,227

Na,Ohio Valley 12,501 32,098 27,924 18,441 40 163 $ 4,994

Na,Texas 6,656 17,091 14,868 9,819 21 87 $ 2,659

Na,Northwest 3,139 8,059 7,011 4,630 10 41 $ 1,254

U.S. 54,115 138,951 120,882 79,831 174 705 $21,617

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 27 of 47

Table B.3-6b. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor (worker), for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Worker 

Large 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

MediumSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

SmallSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

Large WPS 

Greenhouse

Worker 

Small WPS 

Greenhouse

All WPS 

Farmworkers

RCRi

P

t=1

cost ($1,000) NOTIFY,a

B $7.24 $9.91 $7.69 $7.69 $0.95 $0.62

Region Ni at

South 125,508 76,452 45,649 23,528 2,418 513 $ 2,201

California 180,817 110,142 65,766 33,896 3,484 739 $ 3,171

Southwest 36,163 22,028 13,153 6,779 697 148 $ 634

Subtropical 51,054 31,099 18,569 9,571 984 209 $ 895

Midwest 137,208 83,579 49,905 25,721 2,643 561 $ 2,406

Northeast 127,635 77,748 46,423 23,927 2,459 521 $ 2,239

Ohio Valley 161,672 98,480 58,803 30,307 3,115 660 $ 2,835

Texas/Mt 

West 85,090 51,832 30,949 15,951 1,639 348 $ 1,492

Northwest 158,481 96,537 57,642 29,709 3,053 647 $ 2,780

U.S. 1,063,629 647,896 386,860 199,388 20,492 4,345 $18,654

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.3-6c. Regional Baseline Costs, total, for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Region

WPS Farm WPS Farmworker RCRi

B

1

($1,000)

South $ 3,221 $ 2,201 $ 5,422

California $ 1,340 $ 3,171 $ 4,518

Southwest $ 692 $ 634 $ 1,326

Subtropical $ 540 $ 895 $ 1,436

Midwest $ 4,691 $ 2,406 $ 7,097

Northeast $ 2,227 $ 2,239 $ 4,465

Ohio Valley $ 4,994 $ 2,835 $ 7,829

Texas/Mt West $ 2,659 $ 1,492 $ 4,151

Northwest $ 1,254 $ 2,780 $ 4,033

U.S. $21,617 $18,654 $40,279

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal

Table B.3-7a. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor (farm), for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

MediumSmall 

WPS 

Farm

SmallSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Large WPS 

Greenhouse

Large WPS 

Greenhouse

WPS 

Farm

RCRi

P

1

($1,000)

costNOTIFY,a

P $126.25 $118.48 $94.13 $62.00 $168.16 $103.14

Region Ni at

South 8,063 20,704 18,011 11,895 26 105 $ 5,919

California 3,355 8,615 7,495 4,950 11 44 $ 2,463
Page 28 of 47

Southwest 1,732 4,446 3,868 2,555 6 23 $ 1,271

Subtropical 1,353 3,474 3,022 1,996 4 18 $ 993

Midwest 11,743 30,152 26,231 17,323 38 153 $ 8,620

Northeast 5,574 14,312 12,451 8,223 18 73 $ 4,092

Ohio Valley 12,501 32,098 27,924 18,441 40 163 $ 9,176

Texas/Mt 

West 6,656 17,091 14,868 9,819 21 87 $ 4,886

Northwest 3,139 8,059 7,011 4,630 10 41 $ 2,304

U.S. 54,115 138,951 120,882 79,831 174 705 $39,724

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.3-7b. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor (worker), for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Worker 

Large 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

MediumSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

SmallSmall 

WPS 

Farm

Worker 

Large WPS 

Greenhouse

Worker 

Small WPS 

Greenhouse

All WPS 

Farmworkers

RCRi

P

t=1

cost ($1,000) NOTIFY,a

P $7.39 $7.12 $5.52 $5.52 $1.07 $1.26

Region Ni at

South 125,508 76,452 45,649 23,528 2,418 513 $ 1,857

California 180,817 110,142 65,766 33,896 3,484 739 $ 2,675

Southwest 36,163 22,028 13,153 6,779 697 148 $ 535

Subtropical 51,054 31,099 18,569 9,571 984 209 $ 755

Midwest 137,208 83,579 49,905 25,721 2,643 561 $ 2,030

Northeast 127,635 77,748 46,423 23,927 2,459 521 $ 1,888

Ohio Valley 161,672 98,480 58,803 30,307 3,115 660 $ 2,392

Texas/Mt 

West 85,090 51,832 30,949 15,951 1,639 348 $ 1,259

Northwest 158,481 96,537 57,642 29,709 3,053 647 $ 2,345

U.S. 1,063,629 647,896 386,860 199,388 20,492 4,345 $15,737

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.3-7c. Regional Proposal Costs, total, for Year 1. (NOTIFY only)

Region

WPS Farm WPS Farmworker RCRi

P

1

($1,000)

South $ 5,919 $ 1,857 7,776

California $ 2,463 $ 2,675 5,138

Southwest $ 1,271 $ 535 1,806

Subtropical $ 993 $ 755 1,748

Midwest $ 8,620 $ 2,030 10,650

Northeast $ 4,092 $ 1,888 5,980

Ohio Valley $ 9,176 $ 2,392 11,568

Texas/Mt West $ 4,886 $ 1,259 6,145

Northwest $ 2,304 $ 2,345 4,649

U.S. $39,724 $15,737 $55,461

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 29 of 47

Case 1. All requirements implemented immediately

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 

0.47% rate of decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS workers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.03 to account for a 2.14% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (6.91 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.3-8. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (NOTIFY only)

Region PV(RCNOTIFY

P

i) PV(RCNOTIFY

B

i) PV(RICNOTIFY i) ARICNOTIFY i

($1,000)

South 65,885 45,413 20,471 2,330

California 42,690 37,062 5,629 641

Southwest 15,244 11,050 4,194 477

Subtropical 14,618 11,843 2,774 316

Midwest 90,539 59,721 30,818 3,508

Northeast 50,400 37,149 13,251 1,508

Ohio Valley 98,234 65,772 32,462 3,695

Texas/Mountain West 52,188 34,882 17,307 1,970

Northwest 38,669 33,114 5,555 632

U.S. 468,466 336,006 132,460 15,076

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.3-9. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (NOTIFY only)

Region PV(RCNOTIFY

P

i) PV(RCNOTIFY

B

i) PV(RICNOTIFY i) ARICNOTIFY i

($1,000)

South 56,504 38,981 17,523 2,332

California 36,665 31,861 4,804 639

Southwest 13,077 9,488 3,589 478

Subtropical 12,549 10,177 2,371 316

Midwest 77,629 51,244 26,385 3,511

Northeast 43,241 31,902 11,338 1,509

Ohio Valley 84,234 56,443 27,791 3,698

Texas/Mountain West 44,750 29,933 14,817 1,972

Northwest 33,208 28,466 4,742 631

U.S. 401,856 288,495 113,361 15,084

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

Case 2. All requirements implemented with 2 year delay

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) 

multiplied by 1.97 plus proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 6.65 to account for a 0.47% 

rate of decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.93 and 5.45 for a 7% discount rate).
Page 30 of 47

• For WPS workers, proposal costs are regional baseline costs (Year 1) multiplied by 1.95 

plus proposal costs (Year 1) multiplied by 6.08 to account for a 2.14% rate of decline in 

numbers and a 3% discount rate (1.91 and 5.00 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.3-10. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (NOTIFY only)

Region PV(RCNOTIFY

P

i) PV(RCNOTIFY

B

i) PV(RICNOTIFY i) ARICNOTIFY i

($1,000)

South 61,251 45,413 15,838 1,803

California 41,463 37,062 4,402 501

Southwest 14,298 11,050 3,248 370

Subtropical 14,001 11,843 2,157 246

Midwest 83,547 59,721 23,826 2,712

Northeast 47,416 37,149 10,267 1,169

Ohio Valley 90,875 65,772 25,103 2,857

Texas/Mountain West 48,264 34,882 13,383 1,523

Northwest 37,451 33,114 4,337 494

U.S. 438,566 336,006 102,560 11,673

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.3-11. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (NOTIFY only)

Region PV(RCNOTIFY

P

i) PV(RCNOTIFY

B

i) PV(RICNOTIFY i) ARICNOTIFY i

($1,000)

South 51,956 38,981 12,975 1,727

California 35,461 31,861 3,599 479

Southwest 12,149 9,488 2,660 354

Subtropical 11,943 10,177 1,766 235

Midwest 70,765 51,244 19,522 2,598

Northeast 40,311 31,902 8,409 1,119

Ohio Valley 77,010 56,443 20,567 2,737

Texas/Mountain West 40,898 29,933 10,965 1,459

Northwest 32,013 28,466 3,548 472

U.S. 372,506 288,495 84,011 11,179

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

B.4. Age

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• No interactions or adjustments. See Appendix A.4.
Page 31 of 47

Table B.4-1. Baseline Cost, per employee, Age Requirements

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability

cost

(costAGE,a

B )

WPS worker (Table A.4.a-1)

Expected per-worker Cost 0.50

WPS Handler

Expected per-handler Cost 12.43

CPHE Handler

Expected per-handler Cost 77.18

• Florida baseline for WPS worker is same as under the proposal.

Proposal

• Workers involved in early entry events must be at least 16 years old (AGE-01)

o No interactions or adjustments. See Appendix A.4.

• Handlers must be at least 16 years old (AGE-03)

o No interactions or adjustments. See Appendix A.4.

Table B.4-2. Proposal Cost, per employee, Age Requirements

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability

cost

(costAGE,a

P )

WPS worker (Table A.4.a-2)

Expected per-worker Cost 0.58

WPS Handler (Table A.4.b-4)

Expected per-WPS handler Cost 14.35

CPHE Handler (Table A.4.b-4)

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost 77.18

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Baseline

Table B.4-3. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor, for Year 1. (AGE only)

Region

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

RCRi

B

1

($1,000)

South, California, Southwest

costAGE,a

B $ 0.00 $12.43 $ 0.50 $ 0.00 $77.18

Na,South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $ 792

Na,California 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $ 470

Na,Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 180

Subtropics

costAGE,a

B $ 0.00 $12.43 $ 0.58 $ 0.00 $77.18

Na,Subtropical 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 174

Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mountain West, Northwest

costAGE,a

B $ 0.00 $12.43 $ 0.50 $ 0.00 $77.18
Page 32 of 47

Na,Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $1,104

Na,Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $ 592

Na,Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $ 1,192

Na,Texas/Mtn West 48,543 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $ 634

Na,Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 $ 428

U.S. 394,658 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $5,565

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal

Table B.4-4. Regional Proposal Cost, by actor, for Year 1. (AGE only)

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

costAGE,a

P $ 0.00 $14.35 $ 0.58 $ 0.00 $77.18 RCRi

P

t=1

Region N ($1,000) i at

South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 $ 884

California 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 $ 529

Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 $ 201

Subtropical 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 $ 186

Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 $ 1,230

Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 $ 662

Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 $ 1,329

Texas/Mt 

West 48,543 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 $ 706

Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 $ 482

U.S. 394,658 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 $ 6,211

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 

0.47% rate of decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS workers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.03 to account for a 2.14% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (6.91 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHEs, regional costs are multiplied by 10.57 to account for a 4.27% rate of growth 

in numbers and a 3% discount rate (8.93 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.85 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.57 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.4-5. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (AGE only)

Region PV(RCAGE

P

i) PV(RCAGE

B

i) PV(RICAGE i) ARICAGE i

($1,000)

South 7,568 6,788 780 89

California 4,447 3,948 498 57

Southwest 1,718 1,538 180 20

Subtropical 1,572 1,470 102 12
Page 33 of 47

Midwest 10,561 9,487 1,074 122

Northeast 5,644 5,049 594 68

Ohio Valley 11,400 10,236 1,165 133

Texas/Mountain West 6,060 5,441 619 70

Northwest 4,052 3,600 452 51

National 53,023 47,558 5,465 622

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.4-6. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (AGE only)

Region PV(RCAGE

P

i) PV(RCAGE

B

i) PV(RICAGE i) ARICAGE i

($1,000)

South 6,485 5,816 669 89

California 3,816 3,388 428 57

Southwest 1,473 1,318 154 21

Subtropical 1,349 1,261 88 12

Midwest 9,049 8,128 921 123

Northeast 4,838 4,328 510 68

Ohio Valley 9,768 8,770 999 133

Texas/Mountain West 5,193 4,662 531 71

Northwest 3,477 3,089 388 52

National 45,448 40,761 4,687 624

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

B.5. Entry

This Section intentionally left blank. 

The proposed changes to entry restrictions (Entry-01, -02, -03, and -05) are not anticipated to 

have measurable impacts, as explained in Chapter 3.3.6 and Appendix A.4. Accordingly, the 

regional and national incremental costs are all zero, and no tables are provided in this section. 

B.6. PPE

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• Respirator fit (PPE-01), revisions to the Certified Crop Advisor (CCA) exemptions (PPE02, 03), and specification of the disposal of contaminated PPE (PPE-05) impose no perfarm or per-firm costs.

• Revised standards for closed systems (PPE-04), see Table A.6.c-1. Frequencies are 

adjusted to distinguish between large and large-small farms. Seventy-five percent of 

farms are assumed to use closed systems (25% do not), weighted by the proportion of 

farms in each size category that use pesticides in a given year (90.2% of large WPS farms 

and 89.7% of large-small WPS farms).
Page 34 of 47

Table B.6-1. Baseline Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE/CCA firm, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

02 (Table A.6.b-1) 111.01

04 Standards for Closed Systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.225 20.25

 Filters 17.97 1 0.676 12.15

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.135 11.70

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 155.12

Large-Small WPS farm

04 Standards for Closed Systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.224 20.16

 Filters 17.97 1 0.673 12.10

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.135 11.64

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 43.90

Large Family farm

04 (Table A.6.c-1) 43.93

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 43.93

CPHE

04 (Table A.6.c-1) 70.54

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 70.54

self-employed CPHE

04 (Table A.6.c-1) 35.27

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 35.27

CCA Contracting Firm

03 (Table A.6.b-1) 111.01

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 111.01

• Respirator fit (PPE-01) imposes costs for each handler, see Tables A.6.a-1, A.6.a-2

• CCA exemptions impose costs for those working under the direction of a CCA (PPE-02, 

03), see Table A.6.b-1

Table B.6-2. Baseline Cost, per Employee, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS handler

01 (Table A.6.a-1) 3.74

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 3.74

WPS worker under a CCA

02 (Table A.6.b-1) 0.30

Expected per-WPS CCA Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 0.30

CPHE handler

01 (Table A.6.a-2) 82.29

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 82.29

self-employed CPHE handler
Page 35 of 47

01 (Table A.6.a-2) 102.34

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 102.34

CCA firm employee

03 (Table A.6.b-1) 4.09

Expected per-CCA employee Cost (costPPE,a

B ) 4.09

Baseline, California

• Respirator fit (PPE-01) for WPS and CPHEs, see Tables A.6.a-4. All other costs are as in 

the baseline.

Table B.6-3. California Baseline Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE/CCA firm, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 1.59

02 (Table A.6.b-1) 111.01

04 (Table B.6-1) 44.10

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

B ) 156.70

Large-Small WPS farm

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 1.59

04 (Table B.6-1) 43.90

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

B ) 45.48

CPHE

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 2.22

04 (Table B.6-1) 70.54

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

B ) 72.76

self-employed CPHE

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 2.22

04 (Table B.6-1) 35.27

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

B ) 37.49

• Respirator fit (PPE-01) for WPS handlers, see Tables A.6.a-3.

Table B.6-4. California Baseline Cost, per Employee, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS handler

01 (Table A.6.a-3) 48.74

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costPPE,CA,a

B ) 48.74

Proposal

• Respirator fit (PPE-01), see Tables A.6.a-4

• Certified Crop Advisor exemptions (PPE-02, 03), see Table A.6.b-2

• Revised standards for closed systems (PPE-04), see Table A.6.c-2. Probabilities adjusted 

for specific size of farm.

o Costs in Years 2 through 10 do not include the cost of the new closed system
Page 36 of 47

Table B.6-5. Proposal Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE/CCA firm, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 1.59

02 (Table A.6.b-1) 111.01

04 Standards for closed systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.451 40.51

 Filters 17.97 1 0.451 8.10

 Closed System 484.92 1 0.250 121.23

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.090 7.80

 Record of Maintenance 0.09 1 0.090 0.01

 File Record of Maintenance 28.21 0.017 0.090 0.04

 Folder 0.20 1 0.090 0.02

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 1 (costPPE,i,a

P

1) 290.30

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 2-10 (costPPE,i,a

P t) 169.07

Large-Small WPS farm

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 1.59

04 Standards for closed systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.449 40.32

 Filters 17.97 1 0.449 8.06

 Closed System 484.92 1 0.250 121.23

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.090 7.76

 Record of Maintenance 0.09 1 0.090 0.01

 File Record of Maintenance 28.21 0.017 0.090 0.04

 Folder 0.20 1 0.090 0.02

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 1 (costPPE,i,a

P

1) 179.03

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 2-10 (costPPE,i,a

P t) 57.80

Large Family farm

04 See Table A.6.c-2 107.11

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 1 (costPPE,i,a

P

1) 107.11

Expected per-farm Cost, Year 2-10 (costPPE,i,a

P t) 50.35

CPHE

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 2.22

04 (Table A.6.c-2) 442.02

Expected per-firm Cost, Year 1 (costPPE,i,a

P

1) 444.24

Expected per-firm Cost, Year 2-10 (costPPE,i,a

P t) 120.96

self-employed CPHE

01 (Table A.6.a-4) 2.22

04 (Table A.6.c-2) 221.03

Expected per-firm Cost, Year 1 (costPPE,i,a

P

1) 223.25

Expected per-firm Cost, Year 2-10 (costPPE,i,a

P t) 61.61

CCA Contracting Firm

03 (Table A.6.b-1)

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,a

P ) 111.01

• Respirator fit (PPE-01), see Tables A.6.a-3
Page 37 of 47

• Certified Crop Advisor exemptions (PPE-02, 03), see Table A.6.b-2

Table B.6-6. Proposal Cost, per Employee, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS handler

01 (Table A.6.a-3) 48.74

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costPPE,i,a

P ) 48.74

WPS worker under a CCA

02 (Table A.6.b-2) 0.31

Expected per-WPS CCA Cost (costPPE,i,a

P ) 0.31

CPHE handler

01 (Table A.6.a-3) 82.29

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costPPE,i,a

P ) 82.29

CCA firm employee

03 (Table A.6.b-6) 4.12

Expected per-CCA employee Cost (costPPE,i,a

P ) 4.12

Proposal, California

• Costs are as in Table B.6-5, except for revision of standards for closed systems, which are 

already in use in California. No new investment is needed.

Table B.6-7. California Proposal Cost, per WPS farm/CPHE/CCA firm, PPE

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

Large WPS farm

01 (Table B.6-5) 1.59

02 (Table A.6.b-1) 111.01

04 Standards for closed systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.225 20.25

 Filters 17.97 1 0.676 12.15

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.135 11.70

 Record of Maintenance 0.09 1 0.135 0.01

 File Record of Maintenance 28.21 0.033 0.135 0.06

 Folder 0.20 1 0.135 0.03

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

P ) 156.80

Large-Small WPS farm

01 (Table B.6-5) 1.59

04 Standards for closed systems

 Filters 17.97 5 0.224 20.16

 Filters 17.97 1 0.673 12.10

 Maintenance Kit 86.50 1 0.135 11.64

 Record of Maintenance 0.09 1 0.135 0.01

 File Record of Maintenance 28.21 0.033 0.135 0.06

 Folder 0.20 1 0.135 0.03

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

P ) 45.59
Page 38 of 47

Large Family farm

04 (Table A.6.c-3) 43.98

Expected per-farm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

P ) 43.98

CPHE

01 (Table B.6-5) 2.22

04 (Table A.6.c-3) 70.82

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

P ) 73.04

self-employed CPHE

01 (Table B.6-5) 2.22

04 (Table A.6.c-3) 35.43

Expected per-firm Cost (costPPE,CA,a

P ) 37.65

• Per-employee costs as for other regions (Table B.6-6)

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Baseline

Table B.6-8a. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor. (PPE only)

Region

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

WPS 

Handler

WPS

employee 

under a 

CCA

WPS 

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

Large 

Family 

Farm 

using 

pesticides

Family 

Farm

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,a

B $155.12 $43.90 $3.74 $0.30 $43.93

Na,South 8,089 20,746 36,924 8,089 $2,306 1,378 $ 61

California

costPPE,a

B $156.70 $45.48 $48.74 $0.30 $43.93

Na,California 3,366 8,633 15,365 3,366 $ 1,670 573 $ 25

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,a

B $155.12 $43.90 $3.74 $0.30 $43.93

Na,Southwest 1,737 4,456 7,930 1,737 $ 495 296 $ 13

Na,Subtropics 1,357 3,481 6,195 1,357 $ 387 231 $ 10

Na,Midwest 11,781 30,214 53,776 11,781 $3,359 2,006 $ 88

Na,Northeast 5,592 14,341 25,525 5,592 $ 1,594 952 $ 42

Na,Ohio Valley 12,541 32,164 57,245 12,541 $ 3,575 2,136 $ 94

Na,Texas/Mtn West 6,678 17,126 30,481 6,678 $ 1,904 1,137 $ 50

Na,Northwest 3,149 8,076 14,373 3,149 $ 898 536 $ 24

U.S. 54,289 139,237 247,815 54,289 $16,188 9,246 $406

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 39 of 47

Table B.6-8b. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor, continued. (PPE only)

Region

CPHE CPHE

Handler

selfemployed 

CPHE

(firm)

selfemployed 

CPHE

CCA 

Firm

CCA 

Employee Commercial

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,a

B $70.54 $82.29 $35.27 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.09

Na,South 416 2,545 1,684 3,061 1,119 4,477 $ 754

California

costPPE,a

B $72.76 $82.29 $37.49 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.09

Na,California 173 1,059 1,924 3,498 452 1,810 $ 587

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,a

B $70.54 $82.29 $35.27 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.09

Na,Southwest 89 547 1,214 2,208 345 1,381 $ 364

Na,Subtropics 70 427 220 399 179 714 $ 111

Na,Midwest 606 3,706 15,318 27,852 3,858 15,430 $ 4,230

Na,Northeast 288 1,759 6,207 11,286 893 3,572 $ 1,653

Na,Ohio Valley 645 3,945 4,407 8,012 4,227 16,907 $ 1,884

Na,Texas/Mtn West 344 2,101 1,630 2,964 393 1,572 $ 608

Na,Northwest 162 991 5,707 10,376 441 1,762 $ 1,412

U.S. 2,793 17,080 38,311 69,656 11,906 47,624 $11,604

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.6-8c. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor, Total. (PPE only)

Region

WPS 

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

Family Farm 

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

Commercial

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

Total

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South $ 2,306 $ 61 $ 754 $ 3,121

California $ 1,670 $ 25 $ 587 $ 2,283

Southwest $ 495 $ 13 $ 364 $ 872

Subtropical $ 387 $ 10 $ 111 $ 508

Midwest $3,359 $ 88 $ 4,230 $ 7,677

Northeast $ 1,594 $ 42 $ 1,653 $ 3,289

Ohio Valley $ 3,575 $ 94 $ 1,884 $ 5,553

Texas/Mountain West $ 1,904 $ 50 $ 608 $ 2,562

Northwest $ 898 $ 24 $ 1,412 $ 2,334

U.S. $16,188 $406 $11,604 $28,198

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 40 of 47

Proposal, Year 1

Table B.6-9a. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, Year 1. (PPE only)

Region

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

WPS 

Handler

WPS 

employee 

under a

CCA

WPS 

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

Large 

Family 

Farm 

using 

pesticides

Family 

Farm 

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,i,a

P

1 $290.30 $179.03 $48.74 $ 0.31 $107.11

Na,South 8,089 20,746 36,924 8,089 $ 7,865 1,378 $ 148

California

costPPE,i,a

P $169.07 $45.59 $63.45 $ 0.31 $43.98

Na,California 3,366 8,633 15,365 3,366 $ 1,897 573 $ 25

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,i,a

P

1 $290.30 $179.03 $48.74 $ 0.31 $107.11

Na,Southwest 1,737 4,456 7,930 1,737 $ 1,689 296 $ 32

Na,Subtropics 1,357 3,481 6,195 1,357 $ 1,320 231 $ 25

Na,Midwest 11,781 30,214 53,776 11,781 $11,454 2,006 $ 215

Na,Northeast 5,592 14,341 25,525 5,592 $ 5,437 952 $ 102

Na,Ohio Valley 12,541 32,164 57,245 12,541 $12,193 2,136 $ 229

Na,Texas/Mtn West 6,678 17,126 30,481 6,678 $ 6,492 1,137 $ 122

Na,Northwest 3,149 8,076 14,373 3,149 $ 3,061 536 $ 57

U.S. 54,289 139,237 247,815 54,289 $51,408 9,246 $ 954

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.6-9b. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, Year 1, continued. (PPE only)

Region

CPHE CPHE

Handler

selfemployed 

CPHE

(firm)

selfemployed 

CPHE

CCA 

Firm

CCA 

Employee Commercial

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,a

B $444.24 $82.29 $223.25 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,South 416 2,545 1,684 3,061 1,119 4,477 $ 1,226

California

costPPE,a

B $73.04 $82.29 $37.65 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,California 173 1,059 1,924 3,498 452 1,810 $ 588

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,a

B $444.24 $82.29 $223.25 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,Southwest 89 547 1,214 2,208 345 1,381 $ 626

Na,Subtropics 70 427 220 399 179 714 $ 179

Na,Midwest 606 3,706 15,318 27,852 3,858 15,430 $ 7,336

Na,Northeast 288 1,759 6,207 11,286 893 3,572 $ 2,927

Na,Ohio Valley 645 3,945 4,407 8,012 4,227 16,907 $ 2,954

Na,Texas/Mtn West 344 2,101 1,630 2,964 393 1,572 $ 1,043

Na,Northwest 162 991 5,707 10,376 441 1,762 $ 2,546

U.S. 2,793 17,080 38,311 69,656 11,906 47,624 $19,425

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 41 of 47

Table B.6-9c. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, Total, Year 1. (PPE only)

Region

WPS 

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

Family Farm 

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

Commercial

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

Total

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

South $ 7,865 $ 148 $ 1,226 $ 9,238

California $ 1,897 $ 25 $ 588 $ 2,510

Southwest $ 1,689 $ 32 $ 626 $ 2,347

Subtropical $ 1,320 $ 25 $ 179 $ 1,523

Midwest $11,454 $ 215 $ 7,336 $19,005

Northeast $ 5,437 $ 102 $ 2,927 $ 8,466

Ohio Valley $12,193 $ 229 $ 2,954 $15,376

Texas/Mountain West $ 6,492 $ 122 $ 1,043 $ 7,657

Northwest $ 3,061 $ 57 $ 2,546 $ 5,665

U.S. $51,408 $ 954 $19,425 $71,787

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Proposal, Years 2 - 10

Table B.6-10a. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, Years 2-10. (PPE only)

Region

Large 

WPS 

Farm

LargeSmall 

WPS 

Farm

WPS 

Handler

WPS 

employee 

under a

CCA

WPS 

RCRi

P

t=1

($1,000)

Large 

Family 

Farm 

using 

pesticides

Family 

Farm 

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,i,a

P t $169.07 $57.80 $48.74 $ 0.31 $50.35

Na,South 8,089 20,746 36,924 8,089 $ 4,369 1,378 $ 69

California

costPPE,i,a

P $169.07 $45.59 $63.45 $ 0.31 $43.98

Na,California 3,366 8,633 15,365 3,366 $ 1,897 573 $ 25

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,i,a

P t $169.07 $57.80 $48.74 $ 0.31 $50.35

Na,Southwest 1,737 4,456 7,930 1,737 $ 938 296 $ 15

Na,Subtropics 1,357 3,481 6,195 1,357 $ 733 231 $ 12

Na,Midwest 11,781 30,214 53,776 11,781 $ 6,363 2,006 $ 101

Na,Northeast 5,592 14,341 25,525 5,592 $ 3,020 952 $ 48

Na,Ohio Valley 12,541 32,164 57,245 12,541 $ 6,773 2,136 $ 108

Na,Texas/Mtn West 6,678 17,126 30,481 6,678 $ 3,607 1,137 $ 57

Na,Northwest 3,149 8,076 14,373 3,149 $ 1,7,01 536 $ 27

U.S. 54,289 139,237 247,815 54,289 $29,401 9,246 $ 462

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 42 of 47

Table B.6-10b. Regional Baseline Costs, by actor, Years 2-10, continued. (PPE only)

Region

CPHE CPHE

Handler

selfemployed 

CPHE

(firm)

selfemployed 

CPHE

CCA 

Firm

CCA 

Employee Commercial

RCRi

B

t=1

($1,000)

South

costPPE,a

B $120.96 $82.29 $61.61 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,South 416 2,545 1,684 3,061 1,119 4,477 $ 819

California

costPPE,a

B $73.04 $82.29 $37.65 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,California 173 1,059 1,924 3,498 452 1,810 $ 588

Southwest, Subtropics, Midwest, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Texas/Mt West, Northwest

costPPE,a

B $120.96 $82.29 $61.61 $102.34 $111.01 $ 4.12

Na,Southwest 89 547 1,214 2,208 345 1,381 $ 401

Na,Subtropics 70 427 220 399 179 714 $ 121

Na,Midwest 606 3,706 15,318 27,852 3,858 15,430 $ 4,664

Na,Northeast 288 1,759 6,207 11,286 893 3,572 $ 1,831

Na,Ohio Valley 645 3,945 4,407 8,012 4,227 16,907 $ 2,033

Na,Texas/Mtn West 344 2,101 1,630 2,964 393 1,572 $ 668

Na,Northwest 162 991 5,707 10,376 441 1,762 $ 1,571

U.S. 2,793 17,080 38,311 69,656 11,906 47,624 $12,696

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.6-10c. Regional Proposal Costs, by actor, Years 2-10, Total. (PPE only)

Region

WPS 

RCRi

P

t=2-10

($1,000)

Family Farm 

RCRi

P

t=2-10

($1,000)

Commercial

RCRi

P

t=2-10

($1,000)

Total

RCRi

P

t=2-10

($1,000)

South $ 4,369 $ 69 $ 819 $ 5,258

California $1,897 $ 25 $ 588 $ 2,510

Southwest $ 938 $ 15 $ 401 $ 1,354

Subtropical $ 733 $ 12 $ 121 $ 865

Midwest $ 6,363 $ 101 $ 4,664 $11,128

Northeast $ 3,020 $ 48 $ 1,831 $ 4,899

Ohio Valley $ 6,773 $ 108 $ 2,033 $ 8,914

Texas/Mountain West $ 3,607 $ 57 $ 668 $ 4,332

Northwest $ 1,7,01 $ 27 $ 1,571 $ 3,299

U.S. $29,401 $ 462 $12,696 $42,560

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers and WPS employees working under a CCA, regional 

baseline costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 0.47% rate of decline in numbers 

and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS farms and WPS handlers and WPS employees working under a CCA, PV of 

regional proposal costs is the total cost for Year 1 plus proposal costs for Years 2-10, 

where the latter is multiplied by 7.61 to account for a 0.47% rate of decline in numbers 

and a 3% discount rate (6.38 for a 7% discount rate).
Page 43 of 47

• For CPHEs, including self-employed CPHEs, regional baseline costs are multiplied by 

10.57 to account for a 4.27% rate of growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (8.93 for 

a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHEs, including self-employed CPHEs, PV of proposal costs is the total cost for 

Year 1 plus proposal costs for Years 2-10 where the latter is multiplied by 9.57 to 

account for a 4.27% rate of growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.93 for a 7% 

discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.85 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.57 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, PV of proposal costs is the total cost for Year 1 plus proposal costs 

for Years 2-10 where the latter is multiplied by 7.85 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (6.57 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CCA firms and employees, regional baseline and proposal costs are multiplied by 

8.79 to account for a 3% discount rate (7.52 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.6-11. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (PPE only)

Region PV(RCPPE

P

i) PV(RCPPE

B

i) PV(RICPPE i) ARICPPE i

($1,000)

South 50,254 27,739 22,515 2,563

California 22,520 20,558 1,962 223

Southwest 13,282 8,071 5,211 593

Subtropical 8,247 4,497 3,750 427

Midwest 111,461 73,005 38,456 4,377

Northeast 48,897 31,113 17,784 2,024

Ohio Valley 85,698 49,998 35,700 4,063

Texas/Mountain West 41,558 22,867 18,692 2,127

Northwest 33,614 22,626 10,988 1,251

U.S. 415,531 260,473 155,058 17,648

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.6-12. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (PPE only)

Region PV(RCPPE

P

i) PV(RCPPE

B

i) PV(RICPPE i) ARICPPE i

($1,000)

South 43,838 23,989 19,849 2,641

California 19,349 17,669 1,683 224

Southwest 11,539 6,938 4,601 612

Subtropical 7,197 3,892 3,305 440

Midwest 96,507 62,492 34,015 4,526

Northeast 42,385 26,663 15,722 2,092

Ohio Valley 74,614 43,126 45,956 6,115

Texas/Mountain West 36,250 19,769 16,480 2,193
Page 44 of 47

Northwest 29,055 19,324 9,731 1,295

U.S. 360,735 223,863 136,872 18,213

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.

B.7. Decontamination Supplies 

Step 1. Calculate the costs per actor (baseline and proposal)

Baseline

• Water for routine worker decontamination (SUPPLY-01), definitional in nature and no 

impacts are anticipated.

• Water for worker decontamination in case of early entry events (SUPPLY-02), see Table 

A.7.b-1.

• Water for routine handler decontamination (SUPPLY-03), definitional in nature and no 

impacts are anticipated.

• Water for handler eyewash (SUPPLY-05), see Table A.7.d-1.

Table B.7-1. Baseline Cost, per employee, Supply Requirements

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker

SUPPLY-02 Table A.7.b-1 0.001

Expected per-worker Cost (costSUPPLY,a

B ) 0.001

WPS Handler

SUPPLY-05 Table A.7.d-1 1.11

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costSUPPLY,a

B ) 1.11

CPHE Handler

SUPPLY-05 Table A.7.d-1 1.23

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costSUPPLY,a

B ) 1.23

Proposal

• Water for worker decontamination in case of early entry events (SUPPLY-02), see Table 

A.7.b-2.

• Water for routine handler decontamination (SUPPLY-03), definitional in nature and no 

impacts are anticipated.

• Water for handler eyewash (SUPPLY-05), see Table A.7.d-1.

Table B.7-2. Proposal Cost, per employee, Supply Requirements

Action/Material wage/price

unit 

time/quantity

annual 

probability cost

WPS worker

02 Table A.7.b-2 0.002

Expected per-worker Cost (costSUPPLY,a

P ) 0.002
Page 45 of 47

WPS Handler

05 Table A.7.d-1 1.11

Expected per-WPS handler Cost (costSUPPLY,a

P ) 1.11

CPHE Handler

05 Table A.7.d-1 1.23

Expected per-CPHE handler Cost (costSUPPLY,a

P ) 1.23

Step 2. Estimate regional level costs for the baseline and proposal

Cost per actor is multiplied by the number of actors in each region and then costs are summed 

over actors.

Table B.7-3. Regional Baseline Cost, by actor, for Year 1. (SUPPLY only)

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

costSUPPLY,a

B $ 0.00 $ 1.11 $ 0.001 $ 0.00 $ 1.23 RCRi

B

t=1

Region N ($1,000) i at

South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 44,137

California 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 18,533

Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 9,491

Subtropical 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 7,445

Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 64,221

Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 30,564

Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 68,384

Texas/Mountain 

West 48,543 30,481 185,809

344 2,101

36,411

Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 17,324

U.S. 394,658 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 296,510

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Table B.7-4. Regional Proposal Cost, by actor, for Year 1. (SUPPLY only)

WPS Farm WPS 

Handler

WPS 

Worker

CPHE CPHE 

Handler

costSUPPLY,a

P $ 0.00 $ 1.11 $ 0.002 $ 0.00 $ 1.23 RCRi

P

t=1

Region N ($1,000) i at

South 58,804 36,924 274,068 416 2,545 44,464

California 24,469 15,365 394,844 173 1,059 19,005

Southwest 12,629 7,930 78,969 89 547 9,585

Subtropical 9,866 6,195 111,485 70 427 7,578

Midwest 85,641 53,776 299,617 606 3,706 64,578

Northeast 40,650 25,525 278,713 288 1,759 30,897

Ohio Valley 91,166 57,245 353,037 645 3,945 68,806

Texas/Mountain 

West 48,543 30,481 185,809 344 2,101 36,633

Northwest 22,890 14,373 346,069 162 991 17,737

U.S. 394,658 247,815 2,322,610 2,793 17,080 299,282

Source: EPA estimates. Numbers may not sum due to rounding.
Page 46 of 47

Step 3. Calculate the PV of regional costs

• For WPS handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.61 to account for a 0.47% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.38 for a 7% discount rate).

• For WPS workers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.03 to account for a 2.14% rate of 

decline in numbers and a 3% discount rate (6.91 for a 7% discount rate).

• For CPHE handlers, regional costs are multiplied by 8.85 to account for a 0.17% rate of 

growth in numbers and a 3% discount rate (7.57 for a 7% discount rate).

Step 4. Calculate regional level incremental costs

Step 5. Calculate the annualized incremental cost of the proposed requirements

Table B.1-11. PV (3%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (SUPPLY only)

Region PV(RCSUPPLY

P

i) PV(RCSUPPLY

B

i) PV(RICSUPPLY i) ARICSUPPLY i

($1,000)

South 383 381 2.6 0.3

California 164 160 3.8 0.4

Southwest 83 82 0.8 0.1

Subtropical 65 64 1.1 0.1

Midwest 557 554 2.9 0.3

Northeast 266 264 2.7 0.3

Ohio Valley 593 590 3.4 0.4

Texas/Mountain 

West 316 314 1.8 0.2

Northwest 153 149 3.3 0.4

U.S. 2,580 2,558 22 2.5

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 3% discount rate.

Table B.1-12. PV (7%) of Baseline and Proposed Costs, Incremental Costs. (SUPPLY only)

Region PV(RCSUPPLY

P

i) PV(RCSUPPLY

B

i) PV(RICSUPPLY i) ARICSUPPLY i

($1,000)

South 328 326 2.3 0.3

California 140 137 3.3 0.4

Southwest 71 70 0.7 0.1

Subtropical 56 55 0.9 0.1

Midwest 477 475 2.5 0.3

Northeast 228 226 2.3 0.3

Ohio Valley 508 505 2.9 0.4

Texas/Mountain West 271 269 1.5 0.2

Northwest 131 128 2.9 0.4

U.S. 2,210 2,191 19 2.6

Source: EPA estimates. NPV calculated over 10 years using a 7% discount rate.
Page 47 of 47

B.8. Emergency Response

This Section intentionally left blank. 

The proposed changes to emergency response (Emerg-01, and Emerg-03) are largely 

clarifications of existing requirements. None of these potential requirements are anticipated to 

have measurable impacts, as explained in Chapter 3.3.8 and Appendix A.6. Accordingly, the 

regional and national incremental costs are all zero, and no tables are provided in this section.