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[Congressional Record Volume 158, Number 114 (Monday, July 30, 2012)]
[Senate]
[Pages S5661-S5688]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

                           TEXT OF AMENDMENTS

  SA 2621. Mr. DeMINT submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

     SEC. __. BORDER FENCE COMPLETION.

       (a) Minimum Requirements.--Section 102(b)(1) of the Illegal 
     Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 
     (8 U.S.C. 1103 note) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (A), by adding at the end the 
     following: ``Fencing that does not effectively restrain 
     pedestrian traffic (such as vehicle barriers and virtual 
     fencing) may not be used to meet the 700-mile fence 
     requirement under this subparagraph.'';
       (2) in subparagraph (B)--
       (A) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (B) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (C) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(iii) not later than 1 year after the date of the 
     enactment of the Cybersecurity Act of 2012, complete the 
     construction of all the reinforced fencing and the 
     installation of the related equipment described in 
     subparagraph (A).''; and
       (3) in subparagraph (C), by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(iii) Funding not contingent on consultation.--Amounts 
     appropriated to carry out this paragraph may not be impounded 
     or otherwise withheld for failure to fully comply with the 
     consultation requirement under clause (i).''.
       (b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security 
     shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
       (1) the progress made in completing the reinforced fencing 
     required under section 102(b)(1) of the Illegal Immigration 
     Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 
     1103 note), as amended by subsection (a); and
       (2) the plans for completing such fencing not later than 1 
     year after the date of the enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2622. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Strike title I.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2623. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
     following:

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

       (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the 
     ``Strengthening and Enhancing Cybersecurity by Using 
     Research, Education, Information, and Technology Act of 
     2012'' or ``SECURE IT''.
       (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act 
     is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

       TITLE I--FACILITATING SHARING OF CYBER THREAT INFORMATION

Sec. 101. Definitions.
Sec. 102. Authorization to share cyber threat information.
Sec. 103. Information sharing by the Federal government.
Sec. 104. Construction.
Sec. 105. Report on implementation.
Sec. 106. Inspector General review.
Sec. 107. Technical amendments.
Sec. 108. Access to classified information.

     TITLE II--COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY

Sec. 201. Coordination of Federal information security policy.
Sec. 202. Management of information technology.
Sec. 203. No new funding.
Sec. 204. Technical and conforming amendments.
Sec. 205. Clarification of authorities.

                     TITLE III--CRIMINAL PENALTIES

Sec. 301. Penalties for fraud and related activity in connection with 
              computers.
Sec. 302. Trafficking in passwords.
Sec. 303. Conspiracy and attempted computer fraud offenses.
Sec. 304. Criminal and civil forfeiture for fraud and related activity 
              in connection with computers.
Sec. 305. Damage to critical infrastructure computers.
Sec. 306. Limitation on actions involving unauthorized use.
Sec. 307. No new funding.

            TITLE IV--CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 401. National High-Performance Computing Program planning and 
              coordination.
Sec. 402. Research in areas of national importance.
Sec. 403. Program improvements.
Sec. 404. Improving education of networking and information technology, 
              including high performance computing.
Sec. 405. Conforming and technical amendments to the High-Performance 
              Computing Act of 1991.
Sec. 406. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program.
Sec. 407. Study and analysis of certification and training of 
              information infrastructure professionals.
Sec. 408. International cybersecurity technical standards.
Sec. 409. Identity management research and development.
Sec. 410. Federal cybersecurity research and development.

       TITLE I--FACILITATING SHARING OF CYBER THREAT INFORMATION

     SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.

       In this title:
       (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
       (2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws''--
       (A) has the meaning given the term in section 1(a) of the 
     Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12(a));
       (B) includes section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act 
     (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that section 5 of that Act 
     applies to unfair methods of competition; and
       (C) includes any State law that has the same intent and 
     effect as the laws under subparagraphs (A) and (B).
       (3) Countermeasure.--The term ``countermeasure'' means an 
     automated or a manual action with defensive intent to 
     mitigate cyber threats.
       (4) Cyber threat information.--The term ``cyber threat 
     information'' means information that indicates or describes--
       (A) a technical or operation vulnerability or a cyber 
     threat mitigation measure;
       (B) an action or operation to mitigate a cyber threat;
       (C) malicious reconnaissance, including anomalous patterns 
     of network activity that appear to be transmitted for the 
     purpose of gathering technical information related to a 
     cybersecurity threat;
       (D) a method of defeating a technical control;
       (E) a method of defeating an operational control;
       (F) network activity or protocols known to be associated 
     with a malicious cyber actor or that signify malicious cyber 
     intent;
       (G) a method of causing a user with legitimate access to an 
     information system or information that is stored on, 
     processed by, or transiting an information system to 
     inadvertently enable the defeat of a technical or operational 
     control;
       (H) any other attribute of a cybersecurity threat or cyber 
     defense information that would foster situational awareness 
     of the United States cybersecurity posture, if disclosure of 
     such attribute or information is not otherwise prohibited by 
     law;
       (I) the actual or potential harm caused by a cyber 
     incident, including information exfiltrated when it is 
     necessary in order to identify or describe a cybersecurity 
     threat; or
       (J) any combination of subparagraphs (A) through (I).
       (5) Cybersecurity center.--The term ``cybersecurity 
     center'' means the Department

[[Page S5662]]

     of Defense Cyber Crime Center, the Intelligence Community 
     Incident Response Center, the United States Cyber Command 
     Joint Operations Center, the National Cyber Investigative 
     Joint Task Force, the National Security Agency/Central 
     Security Service Threat Operations Center, the National 
     Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center, and any 
     successor center.
       (6) Cybersecurity system.--The term ``cybersecurity 
     system'' means a system designed or employed to ensure the 
     integrity, confidentiality, or availability of, or to 
     safeguard, a system or network, including measures intended 
     to protect a system or network from--
       (A) efforts to degrade, disrupt, or destroy such system or 
     network; or
       (B) theft or misappropriations of private or government 
     information, intellectual property, or personally 
     identifiable information.
       (7) Entity.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``entity'' means any private 
     entity, non-Federal government agency or department, or 
     State, tribal, or local government agency or department 
     (including an officer, employee, or agent thereof).
       (B) Inclusions.--The term ``entity'' includes a government 
     agency or department (including an officer, employeee, or 
     agent thereof) of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth 
     of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the 
     Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or 
     possession of the United States.
       (8) Federal information system.--The term ``Federal 
     information system'' means an information system of a Federal 
     department or agency used or operated by an executive agency, 
     by a contractor of an executive agency, or by another 
     organization on behalf of an executive agency.
       (9) Information security.--The term ``information 
     security'' means protecting information and information 
     systems from disruption or unauthorized access, use, 
     disclosure, modification, or destruction in order to 
     provide--
       (A) integrity, by guarding against improper information 
     modification or destruction, including by ensuring 
     information nonrepudiation and authenticity;
       (B) confidentiality, by preserving authorized restrictions 
     on access and disclosure, including means for protecting 
     personal privacy and proprietary information; or
       (C) availability, by ensuring timely and reliable access to 
     and use of information.
       (10) Information system.--The term ``information system'' 
     has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, 
     United States Code.
       (11) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means 
     any borough, city, county, parish, town, township, village, 
     or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.
       (12) Malicious reconnaissance.--The term ``malicious 
     reconnaissance'' means a method for actively probing or 
     passively monitoring an information system for the purpose of 
     discerning technical vulnerabilities of the information 
     system, if such method is associated with a known or 
     suspected cybersecurity threat.
       (13) Operational control.--The term ``operational control'' 
     means a security control for an information system that 
     primarily is implemented and executed by people.
       (14) Operational vulnerability.--The term ``operational 
     vulnerability'' means any attribute of policy, process, or 
     procedure that could enable or facilitate the defeat of an 
     operational control.
       (15) Private entity.--The term ``private entity'' means any 
     individual or any private group, organization, or 
     corporation, including an officer, employee, or agent 
     thereof.
       (16) Significant cyber incident.--The term ``significant 
     cyber incident'' means a cyber incident resulting in, or an 
     attempted cyber incident that, if successful, would have 
     resulted in--
       (A) the exfiltration from a Federal information system of 
     data that is essential to the operation of the Federal 
     information system; or
       (B) an incident in which an operational or technical 
     control essential to the security or operation of a Federal 
     information system was defeated.
       (17) Technical control.--The term ``technical control'' 
     means a hardware or software restriction on, or audit of, 
     access or use of an information system or information that is 
     stored on, processed by, or transiting an information system 
     that is intended to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, or 
     availability of that system.
       (18) Technical vulnerability.--The term ``technical 
     vulnerability'' means any attribute of hardware or software 
     that could enable or facilitate the defeat of a technical 
     control.
       (19) Tribal.--The term ``tribal'' has the meaning given the 
     term ``Indian tribe'' in section 4 of the Indian Self-
     Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b).

     SEC. 102. AUTHORIZATION TO SHARE CYBER THREAT INFORMATION.

       (a) Voluntary Disclosure.--
       (1) Private entities.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
     of law, a private entity may, for the purpose of preventing, 
     investigating, or otherwise mitigating threats to information 
     security, on its own networks, or as authorized by another 
     entity, on such entity's networks, employ countermeasures and 
     use cybersecurity systems in order to obtain, identify, or 
     otherwise possess cyber threat information.
       (2) Entities.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
     an entity may disclose cyber threat information to--
       (A) a cybersecurity center; or
       (B) any other entity in order to assist with preventing, 
     investigating, or otherwise mitigating threats to information 
     security.
       (3) Information security providers.--If the cyber threat 
     information described in paragraph (1) is obtained, 
     identified, or otherwise possessed in the course of providing 
     information security products or services under contract to 
     another entity, that entity shall be given, at any time prior 
     to disclosure of such information, a reasonable opportunity 
     to authorize or prevent such disclosure, to request 
     anonymization of such information, or to request that 
     reasonable efforts be made to safeguard such information that 
     identifies specific persons from unauthorized access or 
     disclosure.
       (b) Significant Cyber Incidents Involving Federal 
     Information Systems.--
       (1) In general.--An entity providing electronic 
     communication services, remote computing services, or 
     information security services to a Federal department or 
     agency shall inform the Federal department or agency of a 
     significant cyber incident involving the Federal information 
     system of that Federal department or agency that--
       (A) is directly known to the entity as a result of 
     providing such services;
       (B) is directly related to the provision of such services 
     by the entity; and
       (C) as determined by the entity, has impeded or will impede 
     the performance of a critical mission of the Federal 
     department or agency.
       (2) Advance coordination.--A Federal department or agency 
     receiving the services described in paragraph (1) shall 
     coordinate in advance with an entity described in paragraph 
     (1) to develop the parameters of any information that may be 
     provided under paragraph (1), including clarification of the 
     type of significant cyber incident that will impede the 
     performance of a critical mission of the Federal department 
     or agency.
       (3) Report.--A Federal department or agency shall report 
     information provided under this subsection to a cybersecurity 
     center.
       (4) Construction.--Any information provided to a 
     cybersecurity center under paragraph (3) shall be treated in 
     the same manner as information provided to a cybersecurity 
     center under subsection (a).
       (c) Information Shared With or Provided to a Cybersecurity 
     Center.--Cyber threat information provided to a cybersecurity 
     center under this section--
       (1) may be disclosed to, retained by, and used by, 
     consistent with otherwise applicable Federal law, any Federal 
     agency or department, component, officer, employee, or agent 
     of the Federal government for a cybersecurity purpose, a 
     national security purpose, or in order to prevent, 
     investigate, or prosecute any of the offenses listed in 
     section 2516 of title 18, United States Code, and such 
     information shall not be disclosed to, retained by, or used 
     by any Federal agency or department for any use not permitted 
     under this paragraph;
       (2) may, with the prior written consent of the entity 
     submitting such information, be disclosed to and used by a 
     State, tribal, or local government or government agency for 
     the purpose of protecting information systems, or in 
     furtherance of preventing, investigating, or prosecuting a 
     criminal act, except that if the need for immediate 
     disclosure prevents obtaining written consent, such consent 
     may be provided orally with subsequent documentation of such 
     consent;
       (3) shall be considered the commercial, financial, or 
     proprietary information of the entity providing such 
     information to the Federal government and any disclosure 
     outside the Federal government may only be made upon the 
     prior written consent by such entity and shall not constitute 
     a waiver of any applicable privilege or protection provided 
     by law, except that if the need for immediate disclosure 
     prevents obtaining written consent, such consent may be 
     provided orally with subsequent documentation of such 
     consent;
       (4) shall be deemed voluntarily shared information and 
     exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United 
     States Code, and any State, tribal, or local law requiring 
     disclosure of information or records;
       (5) shall be, without discretion, withheld from the public 
     under section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code, 
     and any State, tribal, or local law requiring disclosure of 
     information or records;
       (6) shall not be subject to the rules of any Federal agency 
     or department or any judicial doctrine regarding ex parte 
     communications with a decision-making official;
       (7) shall not, if subsequently provided to a State, tribal, 
     or local government or government agency, otherwise be 
     disclosed or distributed to any entity by such State, tribal, 
     or local government or government agency without the prior 
     written consent of the entity submitting such information, 
     notwithstanding any State, tribal, or local law requiring 
     disclosure of information or records, except that if the need 
     for immediate disclosure prevents obtaining written consent, 
     such consent may be provided orally with subsequent 
     documentation of such consent; and
       (8) shall not be directly used by any Federal, State, 
     tribal, or local department or agency to regulate the lawful 
     activities of an

[[Page S5663]]

     entity, including activities relating to obtaining, 
     identifying, or otherwise possessing cyber threat 
     information, except that the procedures required to be 
     developed and implemented under this title shall not be 
     considered regulations within the meaning of this paragraph.
       (d) Procedures Relating to Information Sharing With a 
     Cybersecurity Center.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
     of enactment of this Act, the heads of each department or 
     agency containing a cybersecurity center shall jointly 
     develop, promulgate, and submit to Congress procedures to 
     ensure that cyber threat information shared with or provided 
     to--
       (1) a cybersecurity center under this section--
       (A) may be submitted to a cybersecurity center by an 
     entity, to the greatest extent possible, through a uniform, 
     publicly available process or format that is easily 
     accessible on the website of such cybersecurity center, and 
     that includes the ability to provide relevant details about 
     the cyber threat information and written consent to any 
     subsequent disclosures authorized by this paragraph;
       (B) shall immediately be further shared with each 
     cybersecurity center in order to prevent, investigate, or 
     otherwise mitigate threats to information security across the 
     Federal government;
       (C) is handled by the Federal government in a reasonable 
     manner, including consideration of the need to protect the 
     privacy and civil liberties of individuals through 
     anonymization or other appropriate methods, while fully 
     accomplishing the objectives of this title, and the Federal 
     government may undertake efforts consistent with this 
     subparagraph to limit the impact on privacy and civil 
     liberties of the sharing of cyber threat information with the 
     Federal government; and
       (D) except as provided in this section, shall only be used, 
     disclosed, or handled in accordance with the provisions of 
     subsection (c); and
       (2) a Federal agency or department under subsection (b) is 
     provided immediately to a cybersecurity center in order to 
     prevent, investigate, or otherwise mitigate threats to 
     information security across the Federal government.
       (e) Information Shared Between Entities.--
       (1) In general.--An entity sharing cyber threat information 
     with another entity under this title may restrict the use or 
     sharing of such information by such other entity.
       (2) Further sharing.--Cyber threat information shared by 
     any entity with another entity under this title--
       (A) shall only be further shared in accordance with any 
     restrictions placed on the sharing of such information by the 
     entity authorizing such sharing, such as appropriate 
     anonymization of such information; and
       (B) may not be used by any entity to gain an unfair 
     competitive advantage to the detriment of the entity 
     authorizing the sharing of such information, except that the 
     conduct described in paragraph (3) shall not constitute 
     unfair competitive conduct.
       (3) Information shared with state, tribal, or local 
     government or government agency.--Cyber threat information 
     shared with a State, tribal, or local government or 
     government agency under this title--
       (A) may, with the prior written consent of the entity 
     sharing such information, be disclosed to and used by a 
     State, tribal, or local government or government agency for 
     the purpose of protecting information systems, or in 
     furtherance of preventing, investigating, or prosecuting a 
     criminal act, except if the need for immediate disclosure 
     prevents obtaining written consent, consent may be provided 
     orally with subsequent documentation of the consent;
       (B) shall be deemed voluntarily shared information and 
     exempt from disclosure under any State, tribal, or local law 
     requiring disclosure of information or records;
       (C) shall not be disclosed or distributed to any entity by 
     the State, tribal, or local government or government agency 
     without the prior written consent of the entity submitting 
     such information, notwithstanding any State, tribal, or local 
     law requiring disclosure of information or records, except if 
     the need for immediate disclosure prevents obtaining written 
     consent, consent may be provided orally with subsequent 
     documentation of the consent; and
       (D) shall not be directly used by any State, tribal, or 
     local department or agency to regulate the lawful activities 
     of an entity, including activities relating to obtaining, 
     identifying, or otherwise possessing cyber threat 
     information, except that the procedures required to be 
     developed and implemented under this title shall not be 
     considered regulations within the meaning of this 
     subparagraph.
       (4) Antitrust exemption.--The exchange or provision of 
     cyber threat information or assistance between 2 or more 
     private entities under this title shall not be considered a 
     violation of any provision of antitrust laws if exchanged or 
     provided in order to assist with--
       (A) facilitating the prevention, investigation, or 
     mitigation of threats to information security; or
       (B) communicating or disclosing of cyber threat information 
     to help prevent, investigate or otherwise mitigate the 
     effects of a threat to information security.
       (5) No right or benefit.--The provision of cyber threat 
     information to an entity under this section shall not create 
     a right or a benefit to similar information by such entity or 
     any other entity.
       (f) Federal Preemption.--
       (1) In general.--This section supersedes any statute or 
     other law of a State or political subdivision of a State that 
     restricts or otherwise expressly regulates an activity 
     authorized under this section.
       (2) State law enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall 
     be construed to supersede any statute or other law of a State 
     or political subdivision of a State concerning the use of 
     authorized law enforcement techniques.
       (3) Public disclosure.--No information shared with or 
     provided to a State, tribal, or local government or 
     government agency pursuant to this section shall be made 
     publicly available pursuant to any State, tribal, or local 
     law requiring disclosure of information or records.
       (g) Civil and Criminal Liability.--
       (1) General protections.--
       (A) Private entities.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against any private entity for--
       (i) the use of countermeasures and cybersecurity systems as 
     authorized by this title;
       (ii) the use, receipt, or disclosure of any cyber threat 
     information as authorized by this title; or
       (iii) the subsequent actions or inactions of any lawful 
     recipient of cyber threat information provided by such 
     private entity.
       (B) Entities.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against any entity for--
       (i) the use, receipt, or disclosure of any cyber threat 
     information as authorized by this title; or
       (ii) the subsequent actions or inactions of any lawful 
     recipient of cyber threat information provided by such 
     entity.
       (2) Construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
     construed as creating any immunity against, or otherwise 
     affecting, any action brought by the Federal government, or 
     any agency or department thereof, to enforce any law, 
     executive order, or procedure governing the appropriate 
     handling, disclosure, and use of classified information.
       (h) Otherwise Lawful Disclosures.--Nothing in this section 
     shall be construed to limit or prohibit otherwise lawful 
     disclosures of communications, records, or other information 
     by a private entity to any other governmental or private 
     entity not covered under this section.
       (i) Whistleblower Protection.--Nothing in this Act shall be 
     construed to preempt or preclude any employee from exercising 
     rights currently provided under any whistleblower law, rule, 
     or regulation.
       (j) Relationship to Other Laws.--The submission of cyber 
     threat information under this section to a cybersecurity 
     center shall not affect any requirement under any other 
     provision of law for an entity to provide information to the 
     Federal government.

     SEC. 103. INFORMATION SHARING BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

       (a) Classified Information.--
       (1) Procedures.--Consistent with the protection of 
     intelligence sources and methods, and as otherwise determined 
     appropriate, the Director of National Intelligence and the 
     Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the heads of the 
     appropriate Federal departments or agencies, shall develop 
     and promulgate procedures to facilitate and promote--
       (A) the immediate sharing, through the cybersecurity 
     centers, of classified cyber threat information in the 
     possession of the Federal government with appropriately 
     cleared representatives of any appropriate entity; and
       (B) the declassification and immediate sharing, through the 
     cybersecurity centers, with any entity or, if appropriate, 
     public availability of cyber threat information in the 
     possession of the Federal government;
       (2) Handling of classified information.--The procedures 
     developed under paragraph (1) shall ensure that each entity 
     receiving classified cyber threat information pursuant to 
     this section has acknowledged in writing the ongoing 
     obligation to comply with all laws, executive orders, and 
     procedures concerning the appropriate handling, disclosure, 
     or use of classified information.
       (b) Unclassified Cyber Threat Information.--The heads of 
     each department or agency containing a cybersecurity center 
     shall jointly develop and promulgate procedures that ensure 
     that, consistent with the provisions of this section, 
     unclassified, including controlled unclassified, cyber threat 
     information in the possession of the Federal government--
       (1) is shared, through the cybersecurity centers, in an 
     immediate and adequate manner with appropriate entities; and
       (2) if appropriate, is made publicly available.
       (c) Development of Procedures.--
       (1) In general.--The procedures developed under this 
     section shall incorporate, to the greatest extent possible, 
     existing processes utilized by sector specific information 
     sharing and analysis centers.
       (2) Coordination with entities.--In developing the 
     procedures required under this section, the Director of 
     National Intelligence and the heads of each department or 
     agency containing a cybersecurity center shall coordinate 
     with appropriate entities to ensure that protocols are 
     implemented that will facilitate and promote the sharing of 
     cyber

[[Page S5664]]

     threat information by the Federal government.
       (d) Additional Responsibilities of Cybersecurity Centers.--
     Consistent with section 102, a cybersecurity center shall--
       (1) facilitate information sharing, interaction, and 
     collaboration among and between cybersecurity centers and--
       (A) other Federal entities;
       (B) any entity; and
       (C) international partners, in consultation with the 
     Secretary of State;
       (2) disseminate timely and actionable cybersecurity threat, 
     vulnerability, mitigation, and warning information, including 
     alerts, advisories, indicators, signatures, and mitigation 
     and response measures, to improve the security and protection 
     of information systems; and
       (3) coordinate with other Federal entities, as appropriate, 
     to integrate information from across the Federal government 
     to provide situational awareness of the cybersecurity posture 
     of the United States.
       (e) Sharing Within the Federal Government.--The heads of 
     appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall ensure 
     that cyber threat information in the possession of such 
     Federal departments or agencies that relates to the 
     prevention, investigation, or mitigation of threats to 
     information security across the Federal government is shared 
     effectively with the cybersecurity centers.
       (f) Submission to Congress.--Not later than 60 days after 
     the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of National 
     Intelligence, in coordination with the appropriate head of a 
     department or an agency containing a cybersecurity center, 
     shall submit the procedures required by this section to 
     Congress.

     SEC. 104. CONSTRUCTION.

       (a) Information Sharing Relationships.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed--
       (1) to limit or modify an existing information sharing 
     relationship;
       (2) to prohibit a new information sharing relationship;
       (3) to require a new information sharing relationship 
     between any entity and the Federal government, except as 
     specified under section 102(b); or
       (4) to modify the authority of a department or agency of 
     the Federal government to protect sources and methods and the 
     national security of the United States.
       (b) Anti-tasking Restriction.--Nothing in this title shall 
     be construed to permit the Federal government--
       (1) to require an entity to share information with the 
     Federal government, except as expressly provided under 
     section 102(b); or
       (2) to condition the sharing of cyber threat information 
     with an entity on such entity's provision of cyber threat 
     information to the Federal government.
       (c) No Liability for Non-participation.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed to subject any entity to liability 
     for choosing not to engage in the voluntary activities 
     authorized under this title.
       (d) Use and Retention of Information.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed to authorize, or to modify any 
     existing authority of, a department or agency of the Federal 
     government to retain or use any information shared under 
     section 102 for any use other than a use permitted under 
     subsection 102(c)(1).
       (e) No New Funding.--An applicable Federal agency shall 
     carry out the provisions of this title with existing 
     facilities and funds otherwise available, through such means 
     as the head of the agency considers appropriate.

     SEC. 105. REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.

       (a) Content of Report.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the 
     heads of each department or agency containing a cybersecurity 
     center shall jointly submit, in coordination with the privacy 
     and civil liberties officials of such departments or agencies 
     and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, a 
     detailed report to Congress concerning the implementation of 
     this title, including--
       (1) an assessment of the sufficiency of the procedures 
     developed under section 103 of this Act in ensuring that 
     cyber threat information in the possession of the Federal 
     government is provided in an immediate and adequate manner to 
     appropriate entities or, if appropriate, is made publicly 
     available;
       (2) an assessment of whether information has been 
     appropriately classified and an accounting of the number of 
     security clearances authorized by the Federal government for 
     purposes of this title;
       (3) a review of the type of cyber threat information shared 
     with a cybersecurity center under section 102 of this Act, 
     including whether such information meets the definition of 
     cyber threat information under section 101, the degree to 
     which such information may impact the privacy and civil 
     liberties of individuals, any appropriate metrics to 
     determine any impact of the sharing of such information with 
     the Federal government on privacy and civil liberties, and 
     the adequacy of any steps taken to reduce such impact;
       (4) a review of actions taken by the Federal government 
     based on information provided to a cybersecurity center under 
     section 102 of this Act, including the appropriateness of any 
     subsequent use under section 102(c)(1) of this Act and 
     whether there was inappropriate stovepiping within the 
     Federal government of any such information;
       (5) a description of any violations of the requirements of 
     this title by the Federal government;
       (6) a classified list of entities that received classified 
     information from the Federal government under section 103 of 
     this Act and a description of any indication that such 
     information may not have been appropriately handled;
       (7) a summary of any breach of information security, if 
     known, attributable to a specific failure by any entity or 
     the Federal government to act on cyber threat information in 
     the possession of such entity or the Federal government that 
     resulted in substantial economic harm or injury to a specific 
     entity or the Federal government; and
       (8) any recommendation for improvements or modifications to 
     the authorities under this title.
       (b) Form of Report.--The report under subsection (a) shall 
     be submitted in unclassified form, but shall include a 
     classified annex.

     SEC. 106. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW.

       (a) In General.--The Council of the Inspectors General on 
     Integrity and Efficiency are authorized to review compliance 
     by the cybersecurity centers, and by any Federal department 
     or agency receiving cyber threat information from such 
     cybersecurity centers, with the procedures required under 
     section 102 of this Act.
       (b) Scope of Review.--The review under subsection (a) shall 
     consider whether the Federal government has handled such 
     cyber threat information in a reasonable manner, including 
     consideration of the need to protect the privacy and civil 
     liberties of individuals through anonymization or other 
     appropriate methods, while fully accomplishing the objectives 
     of this title.
       (c) Report to Congress.--Each review conducted under this 
     section shall be provided to Congress not later than 30 days 
     after the date of completion of the review.

     SEC. 107. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

       Section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (8), by striking ``or'';
       (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``wells.'' and inserting 
     ``wells; or''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(10) information shared with or provided to a 
     cybersecurity center under section 102 of title I of the 
     Strengthening and Enhancing Cybersecurity by Using Research, 
     Education, Information, and Technology Act of 2012.''.

     SEC. 108. ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.

       (a) Authorization Required.--No person shall be provided 
     with access to classified information (as defined in section 
     6.1 of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 435 note; relating to 
     classified national security information)) relating to cyber 
     security threats or cyber security vulnerabilities under this 
     title without the appropriate security clearances.
       (b) Security Clearances.--The appropriate Federal agencies 
     or departments shall, consistent with applicable procedures 
     and requirements, and if otherwise deemed appropriate, assist 
     an individual in timely obtaining an appropriate security 
     clearance where such individual has been determined to be 
     eligible for such clearance and has a need-to-know (as 
     defined in section 6.1 of that Executive Order) classified 
     information to carry out this title.

     TITLE II--COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY

     SEC. 201. COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION SECURITY 
                   POLICY.

       (a) In General.--Chapter 35 of title 44, United States 
     Code, is amended by striking subchapters II and III and 
     inserting the following:

                 ``SUBCHAPTER II--INFORMATION SECURITY

     ``Sec. 3551. Purposes

       ``The purposes of this subchapter are--
       ``(1) to provide a comprehensive framework for ensuring the 
     effectiveness of information security controls over 
     information resources that support Federal operations and 
     assets;
       ``(2) to recognize the highly networked nature of the 
     current Federal computing environment and provide effective 
     government-wide management of policies, directives, 
     standards, and guidelines, as well as effective and nimble 
     oversight of and response to information security risks, 
     including coordination of information security efforts 
     throughout the Federal civilian, national security, and law 
     enforcement communities;
       ``(3) to provide for development and maintenance of 
     controls required to protect agency information and 
     information systems and contribute to the overall improvement 
     of agency information security posture;
       ``(4) to provide for the development of tools and methods 
     to assess and respond to real-time situational risk for 
     Federal information system operations and assets; and
       ``(5) to provide a mechanism for improving agency 
     information security programs through continuous monitoring 
     of agency information systems and streamlined reporting 
     requirements rather than overly prescriptive manual 
     reporting.

     ``Sec. 3552. Definitions

       ``In this subchapter:
       ``(1) Adequate security.--The term `adequate security' 
     means security commensurate with the risk and magnitude of 
     the harm resulting from the unauthorized access to or loss, 
     misuse, destruction, or modification of information.
       ``(2) Agency.--The term `agency' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 3502 of title 44.

[[Page S5665]]

       ``(3) Cybersecurity center.--The term `cybersecurity 
     center' means the Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, 
     the Intelligence Community Incident Response Center, the 
     United States Cyber Command Joint Operations Center, the 
     National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force, the National 
     Security Agency/Central Security Service Threat Operations 
     Center, the National Cybersecurity and Communications 
     Integration Center, and any successor center.
       ``(4) Cyber threat information.--The term `cyber threat 
     information' means information that indicates or describes--
       ``(A) a technical or operation vulnerability or a cyber 
     threat mitigation measure;
       ``(B) an action or operation to mitigate a cyber threat;
       ``(C) malicious reconnaissance, including anomalous 
     patterns of network activity that appear to be transmitted 
     for the purpose of gathering technical information related to 
     a cybersecurity threat;
       ``(D) a method of defeating a technical control;
       ``(E) a method of defeating an operational control;
       ``(F) network activity or protocols known to be associated 
     with a malicious cyber actor or that signify malicious cyber 
     intent;
       ``(G) a method of causing a user with legitimate access to 
     an information system or information that is stored on, 
     processed by, or transiting an information system to 
     inadvertently enable the defeat of a technical or operational 
     control;
       ``(H) any other attribute of a cybersecurity threat or 
     cyber defense information that would foster situational 
     awareness of the United States cybersecurity posture, if 
     disclosure of such attribute or information is not otherwise 
     prohibited by law;
       ``(I) the actual or potential harm caused by a cyber 
     incident, including information exfiltrated when it is 
     necessary in order to identify or describe a cybersecurity 
     threat; or
       ``(J) any combination of subparagraphs (A) through (I).
       ``(5) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
     the Office of Management and Budget unless otherwise 
     specified.
       ``(6) Environment of operation.--The term `environment of 
     operation' means the information system and environment in 
     which those systems operate, including changing threats, 
     vulnerabilities, technologies, and missions and business 
     practices.
       ``(7) Federal information system.--The term `Federal 
     information system' means an information system used or 
     operated by an executive agency, by a contractor of an 
     executive agency, or by another organization on behalf of an 
     executive agency.
       ``(8) Incident.--The term `incident' means an occurrence 
     that--
       ``(A) actually or imminently jeopardizes the integrity, 
     confidentiality, or availability of an information system or 
     the information that system controls, processes, stores, or 
     transmits; or
       ``(B) constitutes a violation of law or an imminent threat 
     of violation of a law, a security policy, a security 
     procedure, or an acceptable use policy.
       ``(9) Information resources.--The term `information 
     resources' has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of 
     title 44.
       ``(10) Information security.--The term `information 
     security' means protecting information and information 
     systems from disruption or unauthorized access, use, 
     disclosure, modification, or destruction in order to 
     provide--
       ``(A) integrity, by guarding against improper information 
     modification or destruction, including by ensuring 
     information nonrepudiation and authenticity;
       ``(B) confidentiality, by preserving authorized 
     restrictions on access and disclosure, including means for 
     protecting personal privacy and proprietary information; or
       ``(C) availability, by ensuring timely and reliable access 
     to and use of information.
       ``(11) Information system.--The term `information system' 
     has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44.
       ``(12) Information technology.--The term `information 
     technology' has the meaning given the term in section 11101 
     of title 40.
       ``(13) Malicious reconnaissance.--The term `malicious 
     reconnaissance' means a method for actively probing or 
     passively monitoring an information system for the purpose of 
     discerning technical vulnerabilities of the information 
     system, if such method is associated with a known or 
     suspected cybersecurity threat.
       ``(14) National security system.--
       ``(A) In general.--The term `national security system' 
     means any information system (including any 
     telecommunications system) used or operated by an agency or 
     by a contractor of an agency, or other organization on behalf 
     of an agency--
       ``(i) the function, operation, or use of which--

       ``(I) involves intelligence activities;
       ``(II) involves cryptologic activities related to national 
     security;
       ``(III) involves command and control of military forces;
       ``(IV) involves equipment that is an integral part of a 
     weapon or weapons system; or
       ``(V) subject to subparagraph (B), is critical to the 
     direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions; or

       ``(ii) is protected at all times by procedures established 
     for information that have been specifically authorized under 
     criteria established by an Executive Order or an Act of 
     Congress to be kept classified in the interest of national 
     defense or foreign policy.
       ``(B) Limitation.--Subparagraph (A)(i)(V) does not include 
     a system that is to be used for routine administrative and 
     business applications (including payroll, finance, logistics, 
     and personnel management applications).
       ``(15) Operational control.--The term `operational control' 
     means a security control for an information system that 
     primarily is implemented and executed by people.
       ``(16) Person.--The term `person' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 3502 of title 44.
       ``(17) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
     of Commerce unless otherwise specified.
       ``(18) Security control.--The term `security control' means 
     the management, operational, and technical controls, 
     including safeguards or countermeasures, prescribed for an 
     information system to protect the confidentiality, integrity, 
     and availability of the system and its information.
       ``(19) Significant cyber incident.--The term `significant 
     cyber incident' means a cyber incident resulting in, or an 
     attempted cyber incident that, if successful, would have 
     resulted in--
       ``(A) the exfiltration from a Federal information system of 
     data that is essential to the operation of the Federal 
     information system; or
       ``(B) an incident in which an operational or technical 
     control essential to the security or operation of a Federal 
     information system was defeated.
       ``(20) Technical control.--The term `technical control' 
     means a hardware or software restriction on, or audit of, 
     access or use of an information system or information that is 
     stored on, processed by, or transiting an information system 
     that is intended to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, or 
     availability of that system.

     ``Sec. 3553. Federal information security authority and 
       coordination

       ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security, shall--
       ``(1) issue compulsory and binding policies and directives 
     governing agency information security operations, and require 
     implementation of such policies and directives, including--
       ``(A) policies and directives consistent with the standards 
     and guidelines promulgated under section 11331 of title 40 to 
     identify and provide information security protections 
     prioritized and commensurate with the risk and impact 
     resulting from the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, 
     disruption, modification, or destruction of--
       ``(i) information collected or maintained by or on behalf 
     of an agency; or
       ``(ii) information systems used or operated by an agency or 
     by a contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf 
     of an agency;
       ``(B) minimum operational requirements for Federal 
     Government to protect agency information systems and provide 
     common situational awareness across all agency information 
     systems;
       ``(C) reporting requirements, consistent with relevant law, 
     regarding information security incidents and cyber threat 
     information;
       ``(D) requirements for agencywide information security 
     programs;
       ``(E) performance requirements and metrics for the security 
     of agency information systems;
       ``(F) training requirements to ensure that agencies are 
     able to fully and timely comply with the policies and 
     directives issued by the Secretary under this subchapter;
       ``(G) training requirements regarding privacy, civil 
     rights, and civil liberties, and information oversight for 
     agency information security personnel;
       ``(H) requirements for the annual reports to the Secretary 
     under section 3554(d);
       ``(I) any other information security operations or 
     information security requirements as determined by the 
     Secretary in coordination with relevant agency heads; and
       ``(J) coordinating the development of standards and 
     guidelines under section 20 of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) with agencies 
     and offices operating or exercising control of national 
     security systems (including the National Security Agency) to 
     assure, to the maximum extent feasible, that such standards 
     and guidelines are complementary with standards and 
     guidelines developed for national security systems;
       ``(2) review the agencywide information security programs 
     under section 3554; and
       ``(3) designate an individual or an entity at each 
     cybersecurity center, among other responsibilities--
       ``(A) to receive reports and information about information 
     security incidents, cyber threat information, and 
     deterioration of security control affecting agency 
     information systems; and
       ``(B) to act on or share the information under subparagraph 
     (A) in accordance with this subchapter.
       ``(b) Considerations.--When issuing policies and directives 
     under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider any 
     applicable standards or guidelines developed by the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology under section 11331 of 
     title 40.
       ``(c) Limitation of Authority.--The authorities of the 
     Secretary under this section

[[Page S5666]]

     shall not apply to national security systems. Information 
     security policies, directives, standards and guidelines for 
     national security systems shall be overseen as directed by 
     the President and, in accordance with that direction, carried 
     out under the authority of the heads of agencies that operate 
     or exercise authority over such national security systems.
       ``(d) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this subchapter 
     shall be construed to alter or amend any law regarding the 
     authority of any head of an agency over such agency.

     ``Sec. 3554. Agency responsibilities

       ``(a) In General.--The head of each agency shall--
       ``(1) be responsible for--
       ``(A) complying with the policies and directives issued 
     under section 3553;
       ``(B) providing information security protections 
     commensurate with the risk resulting from unauthorized 
     access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or 
     destruction of--
       ``(i) information collected or maintained by the agency or 
     by a contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf 
     of an agency; and
       ``(ii) information systems used or operated by an agency or 
     by a contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf 
     of an agency;
       ``(C) complying with the requirements of this subchapter, 
     including--
       ``(i) information security standards and guidelines 
     promulgated under section 11331 of title 40;
       ``(ii) for any national security systems operated or 
     controlled by that agency, information security policies, 
     directives, standards and guidelines issued as directed by 
     the President; and
       ``(iii) for any non-national security systems operated or 
     controlled by that agency, information security policies, 
     directives, standards and guidelines issued under section 
     3553;
       ``(D) ensuring that information security management 
     processes are integrated with agency strategic and 
     operational planning processes;
       ``(E) reporting and sharing, for an agency operating or 
     exercising control of a national security system, information 
     about information security incidents, cyber threat 
     information, and deterioration of security controls to the 
     individual or entity designated at each cybersecurity center 
     and to other appropriate entities consistent with policies 
     and directives for national security systems issued as 
     directed by the President; and
       ``(F) reporting and sharing, for those agencies operating 
     or exercising control of non-national security systems, 
     information about information security incidents, cyber 
     threat information, and deterioration of security controls to 
     the individual or entity designated at each cybersecurity 
     center and to other appropriate entities consistent with 
     policies and directives for non-national security systems as 
     prescribed under section 3553(a), including information to 
     assist the entity designated under section 3555(a) with the 
     ongoing security analysis under section 3555;
       ``(2) ensure that each senior agency official provides 
     information security for the information and information 
     systems that support the operations and assets under the 
     senior agency official's control, including by--
       ``(A) assessing the risk and impact that could result from 
     the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, 
     modification, or destruction of such information or 
     information systems;
       ``(B) determining the level of information security 
     appropriate to protect such information and information 
     systems in accordance with policies and directives issued 
     under section 3553(a), and standards and guidelines 
     promulgated under section 11331 of title 40 for information 
     security classifications and related requirements;
       ``(C) implementing policies, procedures, and capabilities 
     to reduce risks to an acceptable level in a cost-effective 
     manner;
       ``(D) actively monitoring the effective implementation of 
     information security controls and techniques; and
       ``(E) reporting information about information security 
     incidents, cyber threat information, and deterioration of 
     security controls in a timely and adequate manner to the 
     entity designated under section 3553(a)(3) in accordance with 
     paragraph (1);
       ``(3) assess and maintain the resiliency of information 
     technology systems critical to agency mission and operations;
       ``(4) designate the agency Inspector General (or an 
     independent entity selected in consultation with the Director 
     and the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and 
     Efficiency if the agency does not have an Inspector General) 
     to conduct the annual independent evaluation required under 
     section 3556, and allow the agency Inspector General to 
     contract with an independent entity to perform such 
     evaluation;
       ``(5) delegate to the Chief Information Officer or 
     equivalent (or to a senior agency official who reports to the 
     Chief Information Officer or equivalent)--
       ``(A) the authority and primary responsibility to implement 
     an agencywide information security program; and
       ``(B) the authority to provide information security for the 
     information collected and maintained by the agency (or by a 
     contractor, other agency, or other source on behalf of the 
     agency) and for the information systems that support the 
     operations, assets, and mission of the agency (including any 
     information system provided or managed by a contractor, other 
     agency, or other source on behalf of the agency);
       ``(6) delegate to the appropriate agency official (who is 
     responsible for a particular agency system or subsystem) the 
     responsibility to ensure and enforce compliance with all 
     requirements of the agency's agencywide information security 
     program in coordination with the Chief Information Officer or 
     equivalent (or the senior agency official who reports to the 
     Chief Information Officer or equivalent) under paragraph (5);
       ``(7) ensure that an agency has trained personnel who have 
     obtained any necessary security clearances to permit them to 
     assist the agency in complying with this subchapter;
       ``(8) ensure that the Chief Information Officer or 
     equivalent (or the senior agency official who reports to the 
     Chief Information Officer or equivalent) under paragraph (5), 
     in coordination with other senior agency officials, reports 
     to the agency head on the effectiveness of the agencywide 
     information security program, including the progress of any 
     remedial actions; and
       ``(9) ensure that the Chief Information Officer or 
     equivalent (or the senior agency official who reports to the 
     Chief Information Officer or equivalent) under paragraph (5) 
     has the necessary qualifications to administer the functions 
     described in this subchapter and has information security 
     duties as a primary duty of that official.
       ``(b) Chief Information Officers.--Each Chief Information 
     Officer or equivalent (or the senior agency official who 
     reports to the Chief Information Officer or equivalent) under 
     subsection (a)(5) shall--
       ``(1) establish and maintain an enterprise security 
     operations capability that on a continuous basis--
       ``(A) detects, reports, contains, mitigates, and responds 
     to information security incidents that impair adequate 
     security of the agency's information or information system in 
     a timely manner and in accordance with the policies and 
     directives under section 3553; and
       ``(B) reports any information security incident under 
     subparagraph (A) to the entity designated under section 3555;
       ``(2) develop, maintain, and oversee an agencywide 
     information security program;
       ``(3) develop, maintain, and oversee information security 
     policies, procedures, and control techniques to address 
     applicable requirements, including requirements under section 
     3553 of this title and section 11331 of title 40; and
       ``(4) train and oversee the agency personnel who have 
     significant responsibility for information security with 
     respect to that responsibility.
       ``(c) Agencywide Information Security Programs.--
       ``(1) In general.--Each agencywide information security 
     program under subsection (b)(2) shall include--
       ``(A) relevant security risk assessments, including 
     technical assessments and others related to the acquisition 
     process;
       ``(B) security testing commensurate with risk and impact;
       ``(C) mitigation of deterioration of security controls 
     commensurate with risk and impact;
       ``(D) risk-based continuous monitoring and threat 
     assessment of the operational status and security of agency 
     information systems to enable evaluation of the effectiveness 
     of and compliance with information security policies, 
     procedures, and practices, including a relevant and 
     appropriate selection of security controls of information 
     systems identified in the inventory under section 3505(c);
       ``(E) operation of appropriate technical capabilities in 
     order to detect, mitigate, report, and respond to information 
     security incidents, cyber threat information, and 
     deterioration of security controls in a manner that is 
     consistent with the policies and directives under section 
     3553, including--
       ``(i) mitigating risks associated with such information 
     security incidents;
       ``(ii) notifying and consulting with the entity designated 
     under section 3555; and
       ``(iii) notifying and consulting with, as appropriate--

       ``(I) law enforcement and the relevant Office of the 
     Inspector General; and
       ``(II) any other entity, in accordance with law and as 
     directed by the President;

       ``(F) a process to ensure that remedial action is taken to 
     address any deficiencies in the information security 
     policies, procedures, and practices of the agency; and
       ``(G) a plan and procedures to ensure the continuity of 
     operations for information systems that support the 
     operations and assets of the agency.
       ``(2) Risk management strategies.--Each agencywide 
     information security program under subsection (b)(2) shall 
     include the development and maintenance of a risk management 
     strategy for information security. The risk management 
     strategy shall include--
       ``(A) consideration of information security incidents, 
     cyber threat information, and deterioration of security 
     controls; and
       ``(B) consideration of the consequences that could result 
     from the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, 
     modification, or destruction of information and information 
     systems that support the operations and assets of the agency, 
     including any information system provided or managed by a 
     contractor, other agency, or other source on behalf of the 
     agency;

[[Page S5667]]

       ``(3) Policies and procedures.--Each agencywide information 
     security program under subsection (b)(2) shall include 
     policies and procedures that--
       ``(A) are based on the risk management strategy under 
     paragraph (2);
       ``(B) reduce information security risks to an acceptable 
     level in a cost-effective manner;
       ``(C) ensure that cost-effective and adequate information 
     security is addressed as part of the acquisition and ongoing 
     management of each agency information system; and
       ``(D) ensure compliance with--
       ``(i) this subchapter; and
       ``(ii) any other applicable requirements.
       ``(4) Training requirements.--Each agencywide information 
     security program under subsection (b)(2) shall include 
     information security, privacy, civil rights, civil liberties, 
     and information oversight training that meets any applicable 
     requirements under section 3553. The training shall inform 
     each information security personnel that has access to agency 
     information systems (including contractors and other users of 
     information systems that support the operations and assets of 
     the agency) of--
       ``(A) the information security risks associated with the 
     information security personnel's activities; and
       ``(B) the individual's responsibility to comply with the 
     agency policies and procedures that reduce the risks under 
     subparagraph (A).
       ``(d) Annual Report.--Each agency shall submit a report 
     annually to the Secretary of Homeland Security on its 
     agencywide information security program and information 
     systems.

     ``Sec. 3555. Multiagency ongoing threat assessment

       ``(a) Implementation.--The Director of the Office of 
     Management and Budget, in coordination with the Secretary of 
     Homeland Security, shall designate an entity to implement 
     ongoing security analysis concerning agency information 
     systems--
       ``(1) based on cyber threat information;
       ``(2) based on agency information system and environment of 
     operation changes, including--
       ``(A) an ongoing evaluation of the information system 
     security controls; and
       ``(B) the security state, risk level, and environment of 
     operation of an agency information system, including--
       ``(i) a change in risk level due to a new cyber threat;
       ``(ii) a change resulting from a new technology;
       ``(iii) a change resulting from the agency's mission; and
       ``(iv) a change resulting from the business practice; and
       ``(3) using automated processes to the maximum extent 
     possible--
       ``(A) to increase information system security;
       ``(B) to reduce paper-based reporting requirements; and
       ``(C) to maintain timely and actionable knowledge of the 
     state of the information system security.
       ``(b) Standards.--The National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology may promulgate standards, in coordination with the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security, to assist an agency with its 
     duties under this section.
       ``(c) Compliance.--The head of each appropriate department 
     and agency shall be responsible for ensuring compliance and 
     implementing necessary procedures to comply with this 
     section. The head of each appropriate department and agency, 
     in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management 
     and Budget and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall--
       ``(1) monitor compliance under this section;
       ``(2) develop a timeline and implement for the department 
     or agency--
       ``(A) adoption of any technology, system, or method that 
     facilitates continuous monitoring and threat assessments of 
     an agency information system;
       ``(B) adoption or updating of any technology, system, or 
     method that prevents, detects, or remediates a significant 
     cyber incident to a Federal information system of the 
     department or agency that has impeded, or is reasonably 
     likely to impede, the performance of a critical mission of 
     the department or agency; and
       ``(C) adoption of any technology, system, or method that 
     satisfies a requirement under this section.
       ``(d) Limitation of Authority.--The authorities of the 
     Director of the Office of Management and Budget and of the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security under this section shall not 
     apply to national security systems.
       ``(e) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
     enactment of the Strengthening and Enhancing Cybersecurity by 
     Using Research, Education, Information, and Technology Act of 
     2012, the Government Accountability Office shall issue a 
     report evaluating each agency's status toward implementing 
     this section.

     ``Sec. 3556. Independent evaluations

       ``(a) In General.--The Council of the Inspectors General on 
     Integrity and Efficiency, in consultation with the Director 
     and the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of 
     Commerce, and the Secretary of Defense, shall issue and 
     maintain criteria for the timely, cost-effective, risk-based, 
     and independent evaluation of each agencywide information 
     security program (and practices) to determine the 
     effectiveness of the agencywide information security program 
     (and practices). The criteria shall include measures to 
     assess any conflicts of interest in the performance of the 
     evaluation and whether the agencywide information security 
     program includes appropriate safeguards against disclosure of 
     information where such disclosure may adversely affect 
     information security.
       ``(b) Annual Independent Evaluations.--Each agency shall 
     perform an annual independent evaluation of its agencywide 
     information security program (and practices) in accordance 
     with the criteria under subsection (a).
       ``(c) Distribution of Reports.--Not later than 30 days 
     after receiving an independent evaluation under subsection 
     (b), each agency head shall transmit a copy of the 
     independent evaluation to the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
     the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Defense.
       ``(d) National Security Systems.--Evaluations involving 
     national security systems shall be conducted as directed by 
     President.

     ``Sec. 3557. National security systems.

       ``The head of each agency operating or exercising control 
     of a national security system shall be responsible for 
     ensuring that the agency--
       ``(1) provides information security protections 
     commensurate with the risk and magnitude of the harm 
     resulting from the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, 
     disruption, modification, or destruction of the information 
     contained in such system; and
       ``(2) implements information security policies and 
     practices as required by standards and guidelines for 
     national security systems, issued in accordance with law and 
     as directed by the President.''.
       (b) Savings Provisions.--
       (1) Policy and compliance guidance.--Policy and compliance 
     guidance issued by the Director before the date of enactment 
     of this Act under section 3543(a)(1) of title 44, United 
     States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of 
     enactment of this Act), shall continue in effect, according 
     to its terms, until modified, terminated, superseded, or 
     repealed pursuant to section 3553(a)(1) of title 44, United 
     States Code.
       (2) Standards and guidelines.--Standards and guidelines 
     issued by the Secretary of Commerce or by the Director before 
     the date of enactment of this Act under section 11331(a)(1) 
     of title 40, United States Code, (as in effect on the day 
     before the date of enactment of this Act) shall continue in 
     effect, according to their terms, until modified, terminated, 
     superseded, or repealed pursuant to section 11331(a)(1) of 
     title 40, United States Code, as amended by this Act.
       (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
       (1) Chapter analysis.--The chapter analysis for chapter 35 
     of title 44, United States Code, is amended--
       (A) by striking the items relating to sections 3531 through 
     3538;
       (B) by striking the items relating to sections 3541 through 
     3549; and
       (C) by inserting the following:

``3551. Purposes.
``3552. Definitions.
``3553. Federal information security authority and coordination.
``3554. Agency responsibilities.
``3555. Multiagency ongoing threat assessment.
``3556. Independent evaluations.
``3557. National security systems.''.
       (2) Other references.--
       (A) Section 1001(c)(1)(A) of the Homeland Security Act of 
     2002 (6 U.S.C. 511(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``section 
     3532(3)'' and inserting ``section 3552''.
       (B) Section 2222(j)(5) of title 10, United States Code, is 
     amended by striking ``section 3542(b)(2)'' and inserting 
     ``section 3552''.
       (C) Section 2223(c)(3) of title 10, United States Code, is 
     amended, by striking ``section 3542(b)(2)'' and inserting 
     ``section 3552''.
       (D) Section 2315 of title 10, United States Code, is 
     amended by striking ``section 3542(b)(2)'' and inserting 
     ``section 3552''.
       (E) Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is amended--
       (i) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``section 
     3532(b)(2)'' and inserting ``section 3552'';
       (ii) in subsection (c)(3), by striking ``Director of the 
     Office of Management and Budget'' and inserting ``Secretary 
     of Commerce'';
       (iii) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``Director of the 
     Office of Management and Budget'' and inserting ``Secretary 
     of Commerce'';
       (iv) in subsection (d)(8) by striking ``Director of the 
     Office of Management and Budget'' and inserting ``Secretary 
     of Commerce'';
       (v) in subsection (d)(8), by striking ``submitted to the 
     Director'' and inserting ``submitted to the Secretary'';
       (vi) in subsection (e)(2), by striking ``section 3532(1) of 
     such title'' and inserting ``section 3552 of title 44''; and
       (vii) in subsection (e)(5), by striking ``section 
     3532(b)(2) of such title'' and inserting ``section 3552 of 
     title 44''.
       (F) Section 8(d)(1) of the Cyber Security Research and 
     Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7406(d)(1)) is amended by striking 
     ``section 3534(b)'' and inserting ``section 3554(b)(2)''.

     SEC. 202. MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.

       (a) In General.--Section 11331 of title 40, United States 
     Code, is amended to read as follows:

[[Page S5668]]

     ``Sec. 11331. Responsibilities for Federal information 
       systems standards

       ``(a) Standards and Guidelines.--
       ``(1) Authority to prescribe.--Except as provided under 
     paragraph (2), the Secretary of Commerce shall prescribe 
     standards and guidelines pertaining to Federal information 
     systems--
       ``(A) in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland 
     Security; and
       ``(B) on the basis of standards and guidelines developed by 
     the National Institute of Standards and Technology under 
     paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 20(a) of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-
     3(a)(2) and (a)(3)).
       ``(2) National security systems.--Standards and guidelines 
     for national security systems shall be developed, prescribed, 
     enforced, and overseen as otherwise authorized by law and as 
     directed by the President.
       ``(b) Mandatory Standards and Guidelines.--
       ``(1) Authority to make mandatory standards and 
     guidelines.--The Secretary of Commerce shall make standards 
     and guidelines under subsection (a)(1) compulsory and binding 
     to the extent determined necessary by the Secretary of 
     Commerce to improve the efficiency of operation or security 
     of Federal information systems.
       ``(2) Required mandatory standards and guidelines.--
       ``(A) In general.--Standards and guidelines under 
     subsection (a)(1) shall include information security 
     standards that--
       ``(i) provide minimum information security requirements as 
     determined under section 20(b) of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3(b)); and
       ``(ii) are otherwise necessary to improve the security of 
     Federal information and information systems.
       ``(B) Binding effect.--Information security standards under 
     subparagraph (A) shall be compulsory and binding.
       ``(c) Exercise of Authority.--To ensure fiscal and policy 
     consistency, the Secretary of Commerce shall exercise the 
     authority conferred by this section subject to direction by 
     the President and in coordination with the Director.
       ``(d) Application of More Stringent Standards and 
     Guidelines.--The head of an executive agency may employ 
     standards for the cost-effective information security for 
     information systems within or under the supervision of that 
     agency that are more stringent than the standards and 
     guidelines the Secretary of Commerce prescribes under this 
     section if the more stringent standards and guidelines--
       ``(1) contain at least the applicable standards and 
     guidelines made compulsory and binding by the Secretary of 
     Commerce; and
       ``(2) are otherwise consistent with the policies, 
     directives, and implementation memoranda issued under section 
     3553(a) of title 44.
       ``(e) Decisions on Promulgation of Standards and 
     Guidelines.--The decision by the Secretary of Commerce 
     regarding the promulgation of any standard or guideline under 
     this section shall occur not later than 6 months after the 
     date of submission of the proposed standard to the Secretary 
     of Commerce by the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology under section 20 of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3).
       ``(f) Notice and Comment.--A decision by the Secretary of 
     Commerce to significantly modify, or not promulgate, a 
     proposed standard submitted to the Secretary by the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology under section 20 of the 
     National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
     278g-3) shall be made after the public is given an 
     opportunity to comment on the Secretary's proposed decision.
       ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
       ``(1) Federal information system.--The term `Federal 
     information system' has the meaning given the term in section 
     3552 of title 44.
       ``(2) Information security.--The term `information 
     security' has the meaning given the term in section 3552 of 
     title 44.
       ``(3) National security system.--The term `national 
     security system' has the meaning given the term in section 
     3552 of title 44.''.

     SEC. 203. NO NEW FUNDING.

       An applicable Federal agency shall carry out the provisions 
     of this title with existing facilities and funds otherwise 
     available, through such means as the head of the agency 
     considers appropriate.

     SEC. 204. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       Section 21(b) of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-4(b)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and the Director of the 
     Office of Management and Budget'' and inserting ``, the 
     Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Homeland 
     Security''; and
       (2) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, the Secretary of 
     Homeland Security,'' after ``the Secretary of Commerce''.

     SEC. 205. CLARIFICATION OF AUTHORITIES.

       Nothing in this title shall be construed to convey any new 
     regulatory authority to any government entity implementing or 
     complying with any provision of this title.

                     TITLE III--CRIMINAL PENALTIES

     SEC. 301. PENALTIES FOR FRAUD AND RELATED ACTIVITY IN 
                   CONNECTION WITH COMPUTERS.

       Section 1030(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
     to read as follows:
       ``(c) The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or 
     (b) of this section is--
       ``(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
     than 20 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(1) of this section;
       ``(2)(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), a fine 
     under this title or imprisonment for not more than 3 years, 
     or both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(2); 
     or
       ``(B) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
     than ten years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(2) of this section, if--
       ``(i) the offense was committed for purposes of commercial 
     advantage or private financial gain;
       ``(ii) the offense was committed in the furtherance of any 
     criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or 
     laws of the United States, or of any State; or
       ``(iii) the value of the information obtained, or that 
     would have been obtained if the offense was completed, 
     exceeds $5,000;
       ``(3) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
     than 10 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(3) of this section;
       ``(4) a fine under this title or imprisonment of not more 
     than 20 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(4) of this section;
       ``(5)(A) except as provided in subparagraph (C), a fine 
     under this title, imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or 
     both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(5)(A) of 
     this section, if the offense caused--
       ``(i) loss to 1 or more persons during any 1-year period 
     (and, for purposes of an investigation, prosecution, or other 
     proceeding brought by the United States only, loss resulting 
     from a related course of conduct affecting 1 or more other 
     protected computers) aggregating at least $5,000 in value;
       ``(ii) the modification or impairment, or potential 
     modification or impairment, of the medical examination, 
     diagnosis, treatment, or care of 1 or more individuals;
       ``(iii) physical injury to any person;
       ``(iv) a threat to public health or safety;
       ``(v) damage affecting a computer used by, or on behalf of, 
     an entity of the United States Government in furtherance of 
     the administration of justice, national defense, or national 
     security; or
       ``(vi) damage affecting 10 or more protected computers 
     during any 1-year period;
       ``(B) a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more 
     than 20 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(5)(B), if the offense caused a harm provided 
     in clause (i) through (vi) of subparagraph (A) of this 
     subsection;
       ``(C) if the offender attempts to cause or knowingly or 
     recklessly causes death from conduct in violation of 
     subsection (a)(5)(A), a fine under this title, imprisonment 
     for any term of years or for life, or both;
       ``(D) a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more 
     than 10 years, or both, for any other offense under 
     subsection (a)(5);
       ``(E) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
     than 10 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(6) of this section; or
       ``(F) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more 
     than 10 years, or both, in the case of an offense under 
     subsection (a)(7) of this section.''.

     SEC. 302. TRAFFICKING IN PASSWORDS.

       Section 1030(a)(6) of title 18, United States Code, is 
     amended to read as follows:
       ``(6) knowingly and with intent to defraud traffics (as 
     defined in section 1029) in any password or similar 
     information or means of access through which a protected 
     computer (as defined in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
     subsection (e)(2)) may be accessed without authorization.''.

     SEC. 303. CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPTED COMPUTER FRAUD OFFENSES.

       Section 1030(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
     by inserting ``as if for the completed offense'' after 
     ``punished as provided''.

     SEC. 304. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL FORFEITURE FOR FRAUD AND RELATED 
                   ACTIVITY IN CONNECTION WITH COMPUTERS.

       Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
     striking subsections (i) and (j) and inserting the following:
       ``(i) Criminal Forfeiture.--
       ``(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any person 
     convicted of a violation of this section, or convicted of 
     conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, in addition 
     to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any 
     provision of State law, that such person forfeit to the 
     United States--
       ``(A) such persons interest in any property, real or 
     personal, that was used, or intended to be used, to commit or 
     facilitate the commission of such violation; and
       ``(B) any property, real or personal, constituting or 
     derived from any gross proceeds, or any property traceable to 
     such property, that such person obtained, directly or 
     indirectly, as a result of such violation.
       ``(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under this 
     subsection, including any seizure and disposition of the 
     property, and any related judicial or administrative 
     proceeding, shall be governed by the provisions of section 
     413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control 
     Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853), except subsection (d) of that 
     section.
       ``(j) Civil Forfeiture.--
       ``(1) The following shall be subject to forfeiture to the 
     United States and no property right, real or personal, shall 
     exist in them:
       ``(A) Any property, real or personal, that was used, or 
     intended to be used, to commit

[[Page S5669]]

     or facilitate the commission of any violation of this 
     section, or a conspiracy to violate this section.
       ``(B) Any property, real or personal, constituting or 
     derived from any gross proceeds obtained directly or 
     indirectly, or any property traceable to such property, as a 
     result of the commission of any violation of this section, or 
     a conspiracy to violate this section.
       ``(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this subsection shall 
     be governed by the provisions in chapter 46 relating to civil 
     forfeitures, except that such duties as are imposed on the 
     Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws described in 
     section 981(d) shall be performed by such officers, agents 
     and other persons as may be designated for that purpose by 
     the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney 
     General.''.

     SEC. 305. DAMAGE TO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE COMPUTERS.

       (a) In General.--Chapter 47 of title 18, United States 
     Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 the 
     following:

     ``Sec. 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure 
       computer

       ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
       ``(1) the term `computer' has the meaning given the term in 
     section 1030;
       ``(2) the term `critical infrastructure computer' means a 
     computer that manages or controls systems or assets vital to 
     national defense, national security, national economic 
     security, public health or safety, or any combination of 
     those matters, whether publicly or privately owned or 
     operated, including--
       ``(A) oil and gas production, storage, conversion, and 
     delivery systems;
       ``(B) water supply systems;
       ``(C) telecommunication networks;
       ``(D) electrical power generation and delivery systems;
       ``(E) finance and banking systems;
       ``(F) emergency services;
       ``(G) transportation systems and services; and
       ``(H) government operations that provide essential services 
     to the public; and
       ``(3) the term `damage' has the meaning given the term in 
     section 1030.
       ``(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful, during and in 
     relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly 
     cause or attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastructure 
     computer if the damage results in (or, in the case of an 
     attempt, if completed, would have resulted in) the 
     substantial impairment--
       ``(1) of the operation of the critical infrastructure 
     computer; or
       ``(2) of the critical infrastructure associated with the 
     computer.
       ``(c) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (b) 
     shall be--
       ``(1) fined under this title;
       ``(2) imprisoned for not less than 3 years but not more 
     than 20 years; or
       ``(3) penalized under paragraphs (1) and (2).
       ``(d) Consecutive Sentence.--Notwithstanding any other 
     provision of law--
       ``(1) a court shall not place on probation any person 
     convicted of a violation of this section;
       ``(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no term of 
     imprisonment imposed on a person under this section shall run 
     concurrently with any other term of imprisonment, including 
     any term of imprisonment imposed on the person under any 
     other provision of law, including any term of imprisonment 
     imposed for a felony violation of section 1030;
       ``(3) in determining any term of imprisonment to be imposed 
     for a felony violation of section 1030, a court shall not in 
     any way reduce the term to be imposed for such crime so as to 
     compensate for, or otherwise take into account, any separate 
     term of imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for a violation 
     of this section; and
       ``(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a person for a 
     violation of this section may, in the discretion of the 
     court, run concurrently, in whole or in part, only with 
     another term of imprisonment that is imposed by the court at 
     the same time on that person for an additional violation of 
     this section, provided that such discretion shall be 
     exercised in accordance with any applicable guidelines and 
     policy statements issued by the United States Sentencing 
     Commission pursuant to section 994 of title 28.''.
       (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The chapter 
     analysis for chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is 
     amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1030 
     the following:

``1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.''.

     SEC. 306. LIMITATION ON ACTIONS INVOLVING UNAUTHORIZED USE.

       Section 1030(e)(6) of title 18, United States Code, is 
     amended by striking ``alter;'' and inserting ``alter, but 
     does not include access in violation of a contractual 
     obligation or agreement, such as an acceptable use policy or 
     terms of service agreement, with an Internet service 
     provider, Internet website, or non-government employer, if 
     such violation constitutes the sole basis for determining 
     that access to a protected computer is unauthorized;''.

     SEC. 307. NO NEW FUNDING.

       An applicable Federal agency shall carry out the provisions 
     of this title with existing facilities and funds otherwise 
     available, through such means as the head of the agency 
     considers appropriate.

            TITLE IV--CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

     SEC. 401. NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING PROGRAM 
                   PLANNING AND COORDINATION.

       (a) Goals and Priorities.--Section 101 of the High-
     Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is amended 
     by adding at the end the following:
       ``(d) Goals and Priorities.--The goals and priorities for 
     Federal high-performance computing research, development, 
     networking, and other activities under subsection (a)(2)(A) 
     shall include--
       ``(1) encouraging and supporting mechanisms for 
     interdisciplinary research and development in networking and 
     information technology, including--
       ``(A) through collaborations across agencies;
       ``(B) through collaborations across Program Component 
     Areas;
       ``(C) through collaborations with industry;
       ``(D) through collaborations with institutions of higher 
     education;
       ``(E) through collaborations with Federal laboratories (as 
     defined in section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
     Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703)); and
       ``(F) through collaborations with international 
     organizations;
       ``(2) addressing national, multi-agency, multi-faceted 
     challenges of national importance; and
       ``(3) fostering the transfer of research and development 
     results into new technologies and applications for the 
     benefit of society.''.
       (b) Development of Strategic Plan.--Section 101 of the 
     High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is 
     amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(e) Strategic Plan.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the Strengthening and Enhancing Cybersecurity by 
     Using Research, Education, Information, and Technology Act of 
     2012, the agencies under subsection (a)(3)(B), working 
     through the National Science and Technology Council and with 
     the assistance of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
     shall develop a 5-year strategic plan to guide the activities 
     under subsection (a)(1).
       ``(2) Contents.--The strategic plan shall specify--
       ``(A) the near-term objectives for the Program;
       ``(B) the long-term objectives for the Program;
       ``(C) the anticipated time frame for achieving the near-
     term objectives;
       ``(D) the metrics that will be used to assess any progress 
     made toward achieving the near-term objectives and the long-
     term objectives; and
       ``(E) how the Program will achieve the goals and priorities 
     under subsection (d).
       ``(3) Implementation roadmap.--
       ``(A) In general.--The agencies under subsection (a)(3)(B) 
     shall develop and annually update an implementation roadmap 
     for the strategic plan.
       ``(B) Requirements.--The information in the implementation 
     roadmap shall be coordinated with the database under section 
     102(c) and the annual report under section 101(a)(3). The 
     implementation roadmap shall--
       ``(i) specify the role of each Federal agency in carrying 
     out or sponsoring research and development to meet the 
     research objectives of the strategic plan, including a 
     description of how progress toward the research objectives 
     will be evaluated, with consideration of any relevant 
     recommendations of the advisory committee;
       ``(ii) specify the funding allocated to each major research 
     objective of the strategic plan and the source of funding by 
     agency for the current fiscal year; and
       ``(iii) estimate the funding required for each major 
     research objective of the strategic plan for the next 3 
     fiscal years.
       ``(4) Recommendations.--The agencies under subsection 
     (a)(3)(B) shall take into consideration when developing the 
     strategic plan under paragraph (1) the recommendations of--
       ``(A) the advisory committee under subsection (b); and
       ``(B) the stakeholders under section 102(a)(3).
       ``(5) Report to congress.--The Director of the Office of 
     Science and Technology Policy shall transmit the strategic 
     plan under this subsection, including the implementation 
     roadmap and any updates under paragraph (3), to--
       ``(A) the advisory committee under subsection (b);
       ``(B) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
     Transportation of the Senate; and
       ``(C) the Committee on Science and Technology of the House 
     of Representatives.''.
       (c) Periodic Reviews.--Section 101 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is amended by adding 
     at the end the following:
       ``(f) Periodic Reviews.--The agencies under subsection 
     (a)(3)(B) shall--
       ``(1) periodically assess the contents and funding levels 
     of the Program Component Areas and restructure the Program 
     when warranted, taking into consideration any relevant 
     recommendations of the advisory committee under subsection 
     (b); and
       ``(2) ensure that the Program includes national, multi-
     agency, multi-faceted research and development activities, 
     including activities described in section 104.''.
       (d) Additional Responsibilities of Director.--Section 
     101(a)(2) of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 
     U.S.C. 5511(a)(2)) is amended--

[[Page S5670]]

       (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
     subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
       ``(E) encourage and monitor the efforts of the agencies 
     participating in the Program to allocate the level of 
     resources and management attention necessary--
       ``(i) to ensure that the strategic plan under subsection 
     (e) is developed and executed effectively; and
       ``(ii) to ensure that the objectives of the Program are 
     met;
       ``(F) working with the Office of Management and Budget and 
     in coordination with the creation of the database under 
     section 102(c), direct the Office of Science and Technology 
     Policy and the agencies participating in the Program to 
     establish a mechanism (consistent with existing law) to track 
     all ongoing and completed research and development projects 
     and associated funding;''.
       (e) Advisory Committee.--Section 101(b) of the High-
     Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(b)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1)--
       (A) by inserting after the first sentence the following: 
     ``The co-chairs of the advisory committee shall meet the 
     qualifications of committee members and may be members of the 
     Presidents Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.''; 
     and
       (B) by striking ``high-performance'' in subparagraph (D) 
     and inserting ``high-end''; and
       (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
       ``(2) In addition to the duties under paragraph (1), the 
     advisory committee shall conduct periodic evaluations of the 
     funding, management, coordination, implementation, and 
     activities of the Program. The advisory committee shall 
     report its findings and recommendations not less frequently 
     than once every 3 fiscal years to the Committee on Commerce, 
     Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
     on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives. 
     The report shall be submitted in conjunction with the update 
     of the strategic plan.''.
       (f) Report.--Section 101(a)(3) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(3)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (C)--
       (A) by striking ``is submitted,'' and inserting ``is 
     submitted, the levels for the previous fiscal year,''; and
       (B) by striking ``each Program Component Area'' and 
     inserting ``each Program Component Area and each research 
     area supported in accordance with section 104'';
       (2) in subparagraph (D)--
       (A) by striking ``each Program Component Area,'' and 
     inserting ``each Program Component Area and each research 
     area supported in accordance with section 104,'';
       (B) by striking ``is submitted,'' and inserting ``is 
     submitted, the levels for the previous fiscal year,''; and
       (C) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
       (3) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (G); 
     and
       (4) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
       ``(E) include a description of how the objectives for each 
     Program Component Area, and the objectives for activities 
     that involve multiple Program Component Areas, relate to the 
     objectives of the Program identified in the strategic plan 
     under subsection (e);
       ``(F) include--
       ``(i) a description of the funding required by the Office 
     of Science and Technology Policy to perform the functions 
     under subsections (a) and (c) of section 102 for the next 
     fiscal year by category of activity;
       ``(ii) a description of the funding required by the Office 
     of Science and Technology Policy to perform the functions 
     under subsections (a) and (c) of section 102 for the current 
     fiscal year by category of activity; and
       ``(iii) the amount of funding provided for the Office of 
     Science and Technology Policy for the current fiscal year by 
     each agency participating in the Program; and''.
       (g) Definitions.--Section 4 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5503) is amended--
       (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs 
     (2) and (3), respectively;
       (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (6);
       (3) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs 
     (7) and (8), respectively;
       (4) by inserting before paragraph (2), as redesignated, the 
     following:
       ``(1) `cyber-physical systems' means physical or engineered 
     systems whose networking and information technology functions 
     and physical elements are deeply integrated and are actively 
     connected to the physical world through sensors, actuators, 
     or other means to perform monitoring and control 
     functions;'';
       (5) in paragraph (3), as redesignated, by striking ``high-
     performance computing'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology'';
       (6) in paragraph (6), as redesignated--
       (A) by striking ``high-performance computing'' and 
     inserting ``networking and information technology''; and
       (B) by striking ``supercomputer'' and inserting ``high-end 
     computing'';
       (7) in paragraph (5), by striking ``network referred to 
     as'' and all that follows through the semicolon and inserting 
     ``network, including advanced computer networks of Federal 
     agencies and departments''; and
       (8) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by striking 
     ``National High-Performance Computing Program'' and inserting 
     ``networking and information technology research and 
     development program''.

     SEC. 402. RESEARCH IN AREAS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE.

       (a) Research in Areas of National Importance.--Title I of 
     the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511 et 
     seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 104. RESEARCH IN AREAS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE.

       ``(a) In General.--The Program shall encourage agencies 
     under section 101(a)(3)(B) to support, maintain, and improve 
     national, multi-agency, multi-faceted, research and 
     development activities in networking and information 
     technology directed toward application areas that have the 
     potential for significant contributions to national economic 
     competitiveness and for other significant societal benefits.
       ``(b) Technical Solutions.--An activity under subsection 
     (a) shall be designed to advance the development of research 
     discoveries by demonstrating technical solutions to important 
     problems in areas including--
       ``(1) cybersecurity;
       ``(2) health care;
       ``(3) energy management and low-power systems and devices;
       ``(4) transportation, including surface and air 
     transportation;
       ``(5) cyber-physical systems;
       ``(6) large-scale data analysis and modeling of physical 
     phenomena;
       ``(7) large scale data analysis and modeling of behavioral 
     phenomena;
       ``(8) supply chain quality and security; and
       ``(9) privacy protection and protected disclosure of 
     confidential data.
       ``(c) Recommendations.--The advisory committee under 
     section 101(b) shall make recommendations to the Program for 
     candidate research and development areas for support under 
     this section.
       ``(d) Characteristics.--
       ``(1) In general.--Research and development activities 
     under this section--
       ``(A) shall include projects selected on the basis of 
     applications for support through a competitive, merit-based 
     process;
       ``(B) shall leverage, when possible, Federal investments 
     through collaboration with related State initiatives;
       ``(C) shall include a plan for fostering the transfer of 
     research discoveries and the results of technology 
     demonstration activities, including from institutions of 
     higher education and Federal laboratories, to industry for 
     commercial development;
       ``(D) shall involve collaborations among researchers in 
     institutions of higher education and industry; and
       ``(E) may involve collaborations among nonprofit research 
     institutions and Federal laboratories, as appropriate.
       ``(2) Cost-sharing.--In selecting applications for support, 
     the agencies under section 101(a)(3)(B) shall give special 
     consideration to projects that include cost sharing from non-
     Federal sources.
       ``(3) Multidisciplinary research centers.--Research and 
     development activities under this section shall be supported 
     through multidisciplinary research centers, including Federal 
     laboratories, that are organized to investigate basic 
     research questions and carry out technology demonstration 
     activities in areas described in subsection (a). Research may 
     be carried out through existing multidisciplinary centers, 
     including those authorized under section 7024(b)(2) of the 
     America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 1862o-10(2)).''.
       (b) Cyber-Physical Systems.--Section 101(a)(1) of the High-
     Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(1)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end 
     and inserting a semicolon; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(J) provide for increased understanding of the scientific 
     principles of cyber-physical systems and improve the methods 
     available for the design, development, and operation of 
     cyber-physical systems that are characterized by high 
     reliability, safety, and security; and
       ``(K) provide for research and development on human-
     computer interactions, visualization, and big data.''.
       (c) Task Force.--Title I of the High-Performance Computing 
     Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511 et seq.), as amended by section 
     402(a) of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:

     ``SEC. 105. TASK FORCE.

       ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the 
     date of enactment the Strengthening and Enhancing 
     Cybersecurity by Using Research, Education, Information, and 
     Technology Act of 2012, the Director of the Office of Science 
     and Technology Policy under section 102 shall convene a task 
     force to explore mechanisms for carrying out collaborative 
     research and development activities for cyber-physical 
     systems (including the related technologies required to 
     enable these systems) through a consortium or other 
     appropriate entity with participants from institutions of 
     higher education, Federal laboratories, and industry.
       ``(b) Functions.--The task force shall--
       ``(1) develop options for a collaborative model and an 
     organizational structure for such entity under which the 
     joint research and development activities could be planned,

[[Page S5671]]

     managed, and conducted effectively, including mechanisms for 
     the allocation of resources among the participants in such 
     entity for support of such activities;
       ``(2) propose a process for developing a research and 
     development agenda for such entity, including guidelines to 
     ensure an appropriate scope of work focused on nationally 
     significant challenges and requiring collaboration and to 
     ensure the development of related scientific and 
     technological milestones;
       ``(3) define the roles and responsibilities for the 
     participants from institutions of higher education, Federal 
     laboratories, and industry in such entity;
       ``(4) propose guidelines for assigning intellectual 
     property rights and for transferring research results to the 
     private sector; and
       ``(5) make recommendations for how such entity could be 
     funded from Federal, State, and non-governmental sources.
       ``(c) Composition.--In establishing the task force under 
     subsection (a), the Director of the Office of Science and 
     Technology Policy shall appoint an equal number of 
     individuals from institutions of higher education and from 
     industry with knowledge and expertise in cyber-physical 
     systems, and may appoint not more than 2 individuals from 
     Federal laboratories.
       ``(d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the Strengthening and Enhancing Cybersecurity by 
     Using Research, Education, Information, and Technology Act of 
     2012, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
     Policy shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
     and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science 
     and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 
     describing the findings and recommendations of the task 
     force.
       ``(e) Termination.--The task force shall terminate upon 
     transmittal of the report required under subsection (d).
       ``(f) Compensation and Expenses.--Members of the task force 
     shall serve without compensation.''.

     SEC. 403. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

       Section 102 of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 
     (15 U.S.C. 5512) is amended to read as follows:

     ``SEC. 102. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

       ``(a) Functions.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
     Technology Policy shall continue--
       ``(1) to provide technical and administrative support to--
       ``(A) the agencies participating in planning and 
     implementing the Program, including support needed to develop 
     the strategic plan under section 101(e); and
       ``(B) the advisory committee under section 101(b);
       ``(2) to serve as the primary point of contact on Federal 
     networking and information technology activities for 
     government agencies, academia, industry, professional 
     societies, State computing and networking technology 
     programs, interested citizen groups, and others to exchange 
     technical and programmatic information;
       ``(3) to solicit input and recommendations from a wide 
     range of stakeholders during the development of each 
     strategic plan under section 101(e) by convening at least 1 
     workshop with invitees from academia, industry, Federal 
     laboratories, and other relevant organizations and 
     institutions;
       ``(4) to conduct public outreach, including the 
     dissemination of the advisory committee's findings and 
     recommendations, as appropriate;
       ``(5) to promote access to and early application of the 
     technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from Program 
     activities to agency missions and systems across the Federal 
     Government and to United States industry;
       ``(6) to ensure accurate and detailed budget reporting of 
     networking and information technology research and 
     development investment; and
       ``(7) to encourage agencies participating in the Program to 
     use existing programs and resources to strengthen networking 
     and information technology education and training, and 
     increase participation in such fields, including by women and 
     underrepresented minorities.
       ``(b) Source of Funding.--
       ``(1) In general.--The functions under this section shall 
     be supported by funds from each agency participating in the 
     Program.
       ``(2) Specifications.--The portion of the total budget of 
     the Office of Science and Technology Policy that is provided 
     by each agency participating in the Program for each fiscal 
     year shall be in the same proportion as each agency's share 
     of the total budget for the Program for the previous fiscal 
     year, as specified in the database under section 102(c).
       ``(c) Database.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Office of Science 
     and Technology Policy shall develop and maintain a database 
     of projects funded by each agency for the fiscal year for 
     each Program Component Area.
       ``(2) Public accessibility.--The Director of the Office of 
     Science and Technology Policy shall make the database 
     accessible to the public.
       ``(3) Database contents.--The database shall include, for 
     each project in the database--
       ``(A) a description of the project;
       ``(B) each agency, industry, institution of higher 
     education, Federal laboratory, or international institution 
     involved in the project;
       ``(C) the source funding of the project (set forth by 
     agency);
       ``(D) the funding history of the project; and
       ``(E) whether the project has been completed.''.

     SEC. 404. IMPROVING EDUCATION OF NETWORKING AND INFORMATION 
                   TECHNOLOGY, INCLUDING HIGH PERFORMANCE 
                   COMPUTING.

       Section 201(a) of the High-Performance Computing Act of 
     1991 (15 U.S.C. 5521(a)) is amended--
       (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
     paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively; and
       (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
       ``(2) the National Science Foundation shall use its 
     existing programs, in collaboration with other agencies, as 
     appropriate, to improve the teaching and learning of 
     networking and information technology at all levels of 
     education and to increase participation in networking and 
     information technology fields;''.

     SEC. 405. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS TO THE HIGH-
                   PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ACT OF 1991.

       (a) Section 3.--Section 3 of the High-Performance Computing 
     Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5502) is amended--
       (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
     ``high-performance computing'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology'';
       (2) in paragraph (1)--
       (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
     ``high-performance computing'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology'';
       (B) in subparagraphs (A), (F), and (G), by striking ``high-
     performance computing'' each place it appears and inserting 
     ``networking and information technology''; and
       (C) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``high-performance'' 
     and inserting ``high-end''; and
       (3) in paragraph (2)--
       (A) by striking ``high-performance computing and'' and 
     inserting ``networking and information technology, and''; and
       (B) by striking ``high-performance computing network'' and 
     inserting ``networking and information technology''.
       (b) Title Heading.--The heading of title I of the High-
     Performance Computing Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1595) is amended 
     by striking ``HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING'' and inserting 
     ``NETWORKING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY''.
       (c) Section 101.--Section 101 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is amended--
       (1) in the section heading, by striking ``high-performance 
     computing'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology research and development'';
       (2) in subsection (a)--
       (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``National High-
     Performance Computing'' and inserting ``Networking and 
     Information Technology Research and Development'';
       (B) in paragraph (1)--
       (i) by striking ``National High-Performance Computing 
     Program'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology research and development program'';
       (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing, including networking'' and inserting ``networking 
     and information technology'';
       (iii) in subparagraphs (B) and (G), by striking ``high-
     performance'' each place it appears and inserting ``high-
     end''; and
       (iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing and networking'' and inserting ``high-end 
     computing, distributed, and networking''; and
       (C) in paragraph (2)--
       (i) in subparagraphs (A) and (C)--

       (I) by striking ``high-performance computing'' each place 
     it appears and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology''; and
       (II) by striking ``development, networking,'' each place it 
     appears and inserting ``development,''; and

       (ii) in subparagraphs (G) and (H), as redesignated by 
     section 401(d) of this Act, by striking ``high-performance'' 
     each place it appears and inserting ``high-end'';
       (3) in subsection (b)(1), in the matter preceding 
     subparagraph (A), by striking ``high-performance computing'' 
     each place it appears and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology''; and
       (4) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology''.
       (d) Section 201.--Section 201(a)(1) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5521(a)(1)) is amended by 
     striking ``high-performance computing and advanced high-speed 
     computer networking'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology research and development''.
       (e) Section 202.--Section 202(a) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5522(a)) is amended by 
     striking ``high-performance computing'' and inserting 
     ``networking and information technology''.
       (f) Section 203.--Section 203(a) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5523(a)) is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing and networking'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology''; and
       (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``high-performance'' 
     and inserting ``high-end''.
       (g) Section 204.--Section 204 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5524) is amended--

[[Page S5672]]

       (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
       (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing systems and networks'' and inserting ``networking 
     and information technology systems and capabilities'';
       (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``interoperability of 
     high-performance computing systems in networks and for common 
     user interfaces to systems'' and inserting ``interoperability 
     and usability of networking and information technology 
     systems''; and
       (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology''; and
       (2) in subsection (b)--
       (A) by striking ``High-Performance Computing and Network'' 
     in the heading and inserting ``Networking and Information 
     Technology''; and
       (B) by striking ``sensitive''.
       (h) Section 205.--Section 205(a) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5525(a)) is amended by 
     striking ``computational'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology''.
       (i) Section 206.--Section 206(a) of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5526(a)) is amended by 
     striking ``computational research'' and inserting 
     ``networking and information technology research''.
       (j) Section 207.--Section 207 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5527) is amended by striking 
     ``high-performance computing'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information technology''.
       (k) Section 208.--Section 208 of the High-Performance 
     Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5528) is amended--
       (1) in the section heading, by striking ``high-performance 
     computing'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technology''; and
       (2) in subsection (a)--
       (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``High-performance 
     computing and associated'' and inserting ``Networking and 
     information'';
       (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing'' and inserting ``networking and information 
     technologies'';
       (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``high-performance'' and 
     inserting ``high-end'';
       (D) in paragraph (4), by striking ``high-performance 
     computers and associated'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information''; and
       (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``high-performance 
     computing and associated'' and inserting ``networking and 
     information''.

     SEC. 406. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP-FOR-SERVICE PROGRAM.

       (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science 
     Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland 
     Security, shall carry out a Federal cyber scholarship-for-
     service program to recruit and train the next generation of 
     information technology professionals and security managers to 
     meet the needs of the cybersecurity mission for the Federal 
     government.
       (b) Program Description and Components.--The program 
     shall--
       (1) annually assess the workforce needs of the Federal 
     government for cybersecurity professionals, including network 
     engineers, software engineers, and other experts in order to 
     determine how many scholarships should be awarded annually to 
     ensure that the workforce needs following graduation match 
     the number of scholarships awarded;
       (2) provide scholarships for up to 1,000 students per year 
     in their pursuit of undergraduate or graduate degrees in the 
     cybersecurity field, in an amount that may include coverage 
     for full tuition, fees, and a stipend;
       (3) require each scholarship recipient, as a condition of 
     receiving a scholarship under the program, to serve in a 
     Federal information technology workforce for a period equal 
     to one and one-half times each year, or partial year, of 
     scholarship received, in addition to an internship in the 
     cybersecurity field, if applicable, following graduation;
       (4) provide a procedure for the National Science Foundation 
     or a Federal agency, consistent with regulations of the 
     Office of Personnel Management, to request and fund a 
     security clearance for a scholarship recipient, including 
     providing for clearance during a summer internship and upon 
     graduation; and
       (5) provide opportunities for students to receive temporary 
     appointments for meaningful employment in the Federal 
     information technology workforce during school vacation 
     periods and for internships.
       (c) Hiring Authority.--
       (1) In general.--For purposes of any law or regulation 
     governing the appointment of an individual in the Federal 
     civil service, upon the successful completion of the 
     student's studies, a student receiving a scholarship under 
     the program may--
       (A) be hired under section 213.3102(r) of title 5, Code of 
     Federal Regulations; and
       (B) be exempt from competitive service.
       (2) Competitive service.--Upon satisfactory fulfillment of 
     the service term under paragraph (1), an individual may be 
     converted to a competitive service position without 
     competition if the individual meets the requirements for that 
     position.
       (d) Eligibility.--The eligibility requirements for a 
     scholarship under this section shall include that a 
     scholarship applicant--
       (1) be a citizen of the United States;
       (2) be eligible to be granted a security clearance;
       (3) maintain a grade point average of 3.2 or above on a 4.0 
     scale for undergraduate study or a 3.5 or above on a 4.0 
     scale for postgraduate study;
       (4) demonstrate a commitment to a career in improving the 
     security of the information infrastructure; and
       (5) has demonstrated a level of proficiency in math or 
     computer sciences.
       (e) Failure to Complete Service Obligation.--
       (1) In general.--A scholarship recipient under this section 
     shall be liable to the United States under paragraph (2) if 
     the scholarship recipient--
       (A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of academic 
     standing in the educational institution in which the 
     individual is enrolled, as determined by the Director;
       (B) is dismissed from such educational institution for 
     disciplinary reasons;
       (C) withdraws from the program for which the award was made 
     before the completion of such program;
       (D) declares that the individual does not intend to fulfill 
     the service obligation under this section;
       (E) fails to fulfill the service obligation of the 
     individual under this section; or
       (F) loses a security clearance or becomes ineligible for a 
     security clearance.
       (2) Repayment amounts.--
       (A) Less than 1 year of service.--If a circumstance under 
     paragraph (1) occurs before the completion of 1 year of a 
     service obligation under this section, the total amount of 
     awards received by the individual under this section shall be 
     repaid.
       (B) One or more years of service.--If a circumstance 
     described in subparagraph (D) or (E) of paragraph (1) occurs 
     after the completion of 1 year of a service obligation under 
     this section, the total amount of scholarship awards received 
     by the individual under this section, reduced by the ratio of 
     the number of years of service completed divided by the 
     number of years of service required, shall be repaid.
       (f) Evaluation and Report.--The Director of the National 
     Science Foundation shall--
       (1) evaluate the success of recruiting individuals for 
     scholarships under this section and of hiring and retaining 
     those individuals in the public sector workforce, including 
     the annual cost and an assessment of how the program actually 
     improves the Federal workforce; and
       (2) periodically report the findings under paragraph (1) to 
     Congress.
       (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--From amounts made 
     available under section 503 of the America COMPETES 
     Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 4005), the Director 
     may use funds to carry out the requirements of this section 
     for fiscal years 2012 through 2013.

     SEC. 407. STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING OF 
                   INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROFESSIONALS.

       (a) Study.--The President shall enter into an agreement 
     with the National Academies to conduct a comprehensive study 
     of government, academic, and private-sector accreditation, 
     training, and certification programs for personnel working in 
     information infrastructure. The agreement shall require the 
     National Academies to consult with sector coordinating 
     councils and relevant governmental agencies, regulatory 
     entities, and nongovernmental organizations in the course of 
     the study.
       (b) Scope.--The study shall include--
       (1) an evaluation of the body of knowledge and various 
     skills that specific categories of personnel working in 
     information infrastructure should possess in order to secure 
     information systems;
       (2) an assessment of whether existing government, academic, 
     and private-sector accreditation, training, and certification 
     programs provide the body of knowledge and various skills 
     described in paragraph (1);
       (3) an analysis of any barriers to the Federal Government 
     recruiting and hiring cybersecurity talent, including 
     barriers relating to compensation, the hiring process, job 
     classification, and hiring flexibility; and
       (4) an analysis of the sources and availability of 
     cybersecurity talent, a comparison of the skills and 
     expertise sought by the Federal Government and the private 
     sector, an examination of the current and future capacity of 
     United States institutions of higher education, including 
     community colleges, to provide current and future 
     cybersecurity professionals, through education and training 
     activities, with those skills sought by the Federal 
     Government, State and local entities, and the private sector.
       (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the National Academies shall submit to 
     the President and Congress a report on the results of the 
     study. The report shall include--
       (1) findings regarding the state of information 
     infrastructure accreditation, training, and certification 
     programs, including specific areas of deficiency and 
     demonstrable progress; and
       (2) recommendations for the improvement of information 
     infrastructure accreditation, training, and certification 
     programs.

     SEC. 408. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS.

       (a) In General.--The Director of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology, in coordination with appropriate 
     Federal authorities, shall--
       (1) as appropriate, ensure coordination of Federal agencies 
     engaged in the development of international technical 
     standards related to information system security; and
       (2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
     this Act, develop and transmit to Congress a plan for 
     ensuring such Federal agency coordination.

[[Page S5673]]

       (b) Consultation With the Private Sector.--In carrying out 
     the activities under subsection (a)(1), the Director shall 
     ensure consultation with appropriate private sector 
     stakeholders.

     SEC. 409. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

       The Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology shall continue a program to support the 
     development of technical standards, metrology, testbeds, and 
     conformance criteria, taking into account appropriate user 
     concerns--
       (1) to improve interoperability among identity management 
     technologies;
       (2) to strengthen authentication methods of identity 
     management systems;
       (3) to improve privacy protection in identity management 
     systems, including health information technology systems, 
     through authentication and security protocols; and
       (4) to improve the usability of identity management 
     systems.

     SEC. 410. FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

       (a) National Science Foundation Computer and Network 
     Security Research Grant Areas.--Section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber 
     Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) 
     is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' after the 
     semicolon;
       (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``property.'' and 
     inserting ``property;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(J) secure fundamental protocols that are at the heart of 
     inter-network communications and data exchange;
       ``(K) system security that addresses the building of secure 
     systems from trusted and untrusted components;
       ``(L) monitoring and detection; and
       ``(M) resiliency and rapid recovery methods.''.
       (b) National Science Foundation Computer and Network 
     Security Grants.--Section 4(a)(3) of the Cyber Security 
     Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(3)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``2007.'' and 
     inserting ``2007;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(F) such funds from amounts made available under section 
     503 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 
     Stat. 4005), as the Director finds necessary to carry out the 
     requirements of this subsection for fiscal years 2012 through 
     2013.''.
       (c) Computer and Network Security Centers.--Section 4(b)(7) 
     of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 
     7403(b)(7)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``2007.'' and 
     inserting ``2007;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(F) such funds from amounts made available under section 
     503 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 
     Stat. 4005), as the Director finds necessary to carry out the 
     requirements of this subsection for fiscal years 2012 through 
     2013.''.
       (d) Computer and Network Security Capacity Building 
     Grants.--Section 5(a)(6) of the Cyber Security Research and 
     Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7404(a)(6)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``2007.'' and 
     inserting ``2007;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(F) such funds from amounts made available under section 
     503 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 
     Stat. 4005), as the Director finds necessary to carry out the 
     requirements of this subsection for fiscal years 2012 through 
     2013.''.
       (e) Scientific and Advanced Technology Act Grants.--Section 
     5(b)(2) of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act 
     (15 U.S.C. 7404(b)(2)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``2007.'' and 
     inserting ``2007;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(F) such funds from amounts made available under section 
     503 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 
     Stat. 4005), as the Director finds necessary to carry out the 
     requirements of this subsection for fiscal years 2012 through 
     2013.''.
       (f) Graduate Traineeships in Computer and Network Security 
     Research.--Section 5(c)(7) of the Cyber Security Research and 
     Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7404(c)(7)) is amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'';
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``2007.'' and 
     inserting ``2007;''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(F) such funds from amounts made available under section 
     503 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 
     Stat. 4005), as the Director finds necessary to carry out the 
     requirements of this subsection for fiscal years 2012 through 
     2013.''.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2624. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Strike title VII.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2625. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Strike title VII and insert the following:

      TITLE VII--FACILITATING SHARING OF CYBER THREAT INFORMATION

     SEC. 701. DEFINITIONS.

       In this title:
       (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
       (2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws''--
       (A) has the meaning given the term in section 1(a) of the 
     Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12(a));
       (B) includes section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act 
     (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that section 5 of that Act 
     applies to unfair methods of competition; and
       (C) includes any State law that has the same intent and 
     effect as the laws under subparagraphs (A) and (B).
       (3) Countermeasure.--The term ``countermeasure'' means an 
     automated or a manual action with defensive intent to 
     mitigate cyber threats.
       (4) Cyber threat information.--The term ``cyber threat 
     information'' means information that indicates or describes--
       (A) a technical or operation vulnerability or a cyber 
     threat mitigation measure;
       (B) an action or operation to mitigate a cyber threat;
       (C) malicious reconnaissance, including anomalous patterns 
     of network activity that appear to be transmitted for the 
     purpose of gathering technical information related to a 
     cybersecurity threat;
       (D) a method of defeating a technical control;
       (E) a method of defeating an operational control;
       (F) network activity or protocols known to be associated 
     with a malicious cyber actor or that signify malicious cyber 
     intent;
       (G) a method of causing a user with legitimate access to an 
     information system or information that is stored on, 
     processed by, or transiting an information system to 
     inadvertently enable the defeat of a technical or operational 
     control;
       (H) any other attribute of a cybersecurity threat or cyber 
     defense information that would foster situational awareness 
     of the United States cybersecurity posture, if disclosure of 
     such attribute or information is not otherwise prohibited by 
     law;
       (I) the actual or potential harm caused by a cyber 
     incident, including information exfiltrated when it is 
     necessary in order to identify or describe a cybersecurity 
     threat; or
       (J) any combination of subparagraphs (A) through (I).
       (5) Cybersecurity center.--The term ``cybersecurity 
     center'' means the Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, 
     the Intelligence Community Incident Response Center, the 
     United States Cyber Command Joint Operations Center, the 
     National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force, the National 
     Security Agency/Central Security Service Threat Operations 
     Center, the National Cybersecurity and Communications 
     Integration Center, and any successor center.
       (6) Cybersecurity system.--The term ``cybersecurity 
     system'' means a system designed or employed to ensure the 
     integrity, confidentiality, or availability of, or to 
     safeguard, a system or network, including measures intended 
     to protect a system or network from--
       (A) efforts to degrade, disrupt, or destroy such system or 
     network; or
       (B) theft or misappropriations of private or government 
     information, intellectual property, or personally 
     identifiable information.
       (7) Entity.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``entity'' means any private 
     entity, non-Federal government agency or department, or 
     State, tribal, or local government agency or department 
     (including an officer, employee, or agent thereof).
       (B) Inclusions.--The term ``entity'' includes a government 
     agency or department (including an officer, employeee, or 
     agent thereof) of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth 
     of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the 
     Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or 
     possession of the United States.
       (8) Federal information system.--The term ``Federal 
     information system'' means an information system of a Federal 
     department or agency used or operated by an executive agency, 
     by a contractor of an executive agency, or by another 
     organization on behalf of an executive agency.
       (9) Information security.--The term ``information 
     security'' means protecting information and information 
     systems from disruption or unauthorized access, use, 
     disclosure, modification, or destruction in order to 
     provide--
       (A) integrity, by guarding against improper information 
     modification or destruction, including by ensuring 
     information nonrepudiation and authenticity;
       (B) confidentiality, by preserving authorized restrictions 
     on access and disclosure, including means for protecting 
     personal privacy and proprietary information; or
       (C) availability, by ensuring timely and reliable access to 
     and use of information.
       (10) Information system.--The term ``information system'' 
     has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, 
     United States Code.

[[Page S5674]]

       (11) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means 
     any borough, city, county, parish, town, township, village, 
     or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.
       (12) Malicious reconnaissance.--The term ``malicious 
     reconnaissance'' means a method for actively probing or 
     passively monitoring an information system for the purpose of 
     discerning technical vulnerabilities of the information 
     system, if such method is associated with a known or 
     suspected cybersecurity threat.
       (13) Operational control.--The term ``operational control'' 
     means a security control for an information system that 
     primarily is implemented and executed by people.
       (14) Operational vulnerability.--The term ``operational 
     vulnerability'' means any attribute of policy, process, or 
     procedure that could enable or facilitate the defeat of an 
     operational control.
       (15) Private entity.--The term ``private entity'' means any 
     individual or any private group, organization, or 
     corporation, including an officer, employee, or agent 
     thereof.
       (16) Significant cyber incident.--The term ``significant 
     cyber incident'' means a cyber incident resulting in, or an 
     attempted cyber incident that, if successful, would have 
     resulted in--
       (A) the exfiltration from a Federal information system of 
     data that is essential to the operation of the Federal 
     information system; or
       (B) an incident in which an operational or technical 
     control essential to the security or operation of a Federal 
     information system was defeated.
       (17) Technical control.--The term ``technical control'' 
     means a hardware or software restriction on, or audit of, 
     access or use of an information system or information that is 
     stored on, processed by, or transiting an information system 
     that is intended to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, or 
     availability of that system.
       (18) Technical vulnerability.--The term ``technical 
     vulnerability'' means any attribute of hardware or software 
     that could enable or facilitate the defeat of a technical 
     control.
       (19) Tribal.--The term ``tribal'' has the meaning given the 
     term ``Indian tribe'' in section 4 of the Indian Self-
     Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b).

     SEC. 702. AUTHORIZATION TO SHARE CYBER THREAT INFORMATION.

       (a) Voluntary Disclosure.--
       (1) Private entities.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
     of law, a private entity may, for the purpose of preventing, 
     investigating, or otherwise mitigating threats to information 
     security, on its own networks, or as authorized by another 
     entity, on such entity's networks, employ countermeasures and 
     use cybersecurity systems in order to obtain, identify, or 
     otherwise possess cyber threat information.
       (2) Entities.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
     an entity may disclose cyber threat information to--
       (A) a cybersecurity center; or
       (B) any other entity in order to assist with preventing, 
     investigating, or otherwise mitigating threats to information 
     security.
       (3) Information security providers.--If the cyber threat 
     information described in paragraph (1) is obtained, 
     identified, or otherwise possessed in the course of providing 
     information security products or services under contract to 
     another entity, that entity shall be given, at any time prior 
     to disclosure of such information, a reasonable opportunity 
     to authorize or prevent such disclosure, to request 
     anonymization of such information, or to request that 
     reasonable efforts be made to safeguard such information that 
     identifies specific persons from unauthorized access or 
     disclosure.
       (b) Significant Cyber Incidents Involving Federal 
     Information Systems.--
       (1) In general.--An entity providing electronic 
     communication services, remote computing services, or 
     information security services to a Federal department or 
     agency shall inform the Federal department or agency of a 
     significant cyber incident involving the Federal information 
     system of that Federal department or agency that--
       (A) is directly known to the entity as a result of 
     providing such services;
       (B) is directly related to the provision of such services 
     by the entity; and
       (C) as determined by the entity, has impeded or will impede 
     the performance of a critical mission of the Federal 
     department or agency.
       (2) Advance coordination.--A Federal department or agency 
     receiving the services described in paragraph (1) shall 
     coordinate in advance with an entity described in paragraph 
     (1) to develop the parameters of any information that may be 
     provided under paragraph (1), including clarification of the 
     type of significant cyber incident that will impede the 
     performance of a critical mission of the Federal department 
     or agency.
       (3) Report.--A Federal department or agency shall report 
     information provided under this subsection to a cybersecurity 
     center.
       (4) Construction.--Any information provided to a 
     cybersecurity center under paragraph (3) shall be treated in 
     the same manner as information provided to a cybersecurity 
     center under subsection (a).
       (c) Information Shared With or Provided to a Cybersecurity 
     Center.--Cyber threat information provided to a cybersecurity 
     center under this section--
       (1) may be disclosed to, retained by, and used by, 
     consistent with otherwise applicable Federal law, any Federal 
     agency or department, component, officer, employee, or agent 
     of the Federal government for a cybersecurity purpose, a 
     national security purpose, or in order to prevent, 
     investigate, or prosecute any of the offenses listed in 
     section 2516 of title 18, United States Code, and such 
     information shall not be disclosed to, retained by, or used 
     by any Federal agency or department for any use not permitted 
     under this paragraph;
       (2) may, with the prior written consent of the entity 
     submitting such information, be disclosed to and used by a 
     State, tribal, or local government or government agency for 
     the purpose of protecting information systems, or in 
     furtherance of preventing, investigating, or prosecuting a 
     criminal act, except that if the need for immediate 
     disclosure prevents obtaining written consent, such consent 
     may be provided orally with subsequent documentation of such 
     consent;
       (3) shall be considered the commercial, financial, or 
     proprietary information of the entity providing such 
     information to the Federal government and any disclosure 
     outside the Federal government may only be made upon the 
     prior written consent by such entity and shall not constitute 
     a waiver of any applicable privilege or protection provided 
     by law, except that if the need for immediate disclosure 
     prevents obtaining written consent, such consent may be 
     provided orally with subsequent documentation of such 
     consent;
       (4) shall be deemed voluntarily shared information and 
     exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United 
     States Code, and any State, tribal, or local law requiring 
     disclosure of information or records;
       (5) shall be, without discretion, withheld from the public 
     under section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code, 
     and any State, tribal, or local law requiring disclosure of 
     information or records;
       (6) shall not be subject to the rules of any Federal agency 
     or department or any judicial doctrine regarding ex parte 
     communications with a decision-making official;
       (7) shall not, if subsequently provided to a State, tribal, 
     or local government or government agency, otherwise be 
     disclosed or distributed to any entity by such State, tribal, 
     or local government or government agency without the prior 
     written consent of the entity submitting such information, 
     notwithstanding any State, tribal, or local law requiring 
     disclosure of information or records, except that if the need 
     for immediate disclosure prevents obtaining written consent, 
     such consent may be provided orally with subsequent 
     documentation of such consent; and
       (8) shall not be directly used by any Federal, State, 
     tribal, or local department or agency to regulate the lawful 
     activities of an entity, including activities relating to 
     obtaining, identifying, or otherwise possessing cyber threat 
     information, except that the procedures required to be 
     developed and implemented under this title shall not be 
     considered regulations within the meaning of this paragraph.
       (d) Procedures Relating to Information Sharing With a 
     Cybersecurity Center.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
     of enactment of this Act, the heads of each department or 
     agency containing a cybersecurity center shall jointly 
     develop, promulgate, and submit to Congress procedures to 
     ensure that cyber threat information shared with or provided 
     to--
       (1) a cybersecurity center under this section--
       (A) may be submitted to a cybersecurity center by an 
     entity, to the greatest extent possible, through a uniform, 
     publicly available process or format that is easily 
     accessible on the website of such cybersecurity center, and 
     that includes the ability to provide relevant details about 
     the cyber threat information and written consent to any 
     subsequent disclosures authorized by this paragraph;
       (B) shall immediately be further shared with each 
     cybersecurity center in order to prevent, investigate, or 
     otherwise mitigate threats to information security across the 
     Federal government;
       (C) is handled by the Federal government in a reasonable 
     manner, including consideration of the need to protect the 
     privacy and civil liberties of individuals through 
     anonymization or other appropriate methods, while fully 
     accomplishing the objectives of this title, and the Federal 
     government may undertake efforts consistent with this 
     subparagraph to limit the impact on privacy and civil 
     liberties of the sharing of cyber threat information with the 
     Federal government; and
       (D) except as provided in this section, shall only be used, 
     disclosed, or handled in accordance with the provisions of 
     subsection (c); and
       (2) a Federal agency or department under subsection (b) is 
     provided immediately to a cybersecurity center in order to 
     prevent, investigate, or otherwise mitigate threats to 
     information security across the Federal government.
       (e) Information Shared Between Entities.--
       (1) In general.--An entity sharing cyber threat information 
     with another entity under this title may restrict the use or 
     sharing of such information by such other entity.

[[Page S5675]]

       (2) Further sharing.--Cyber threat information shared by 
     any entity with another entity under this title--
       (A) shall only be further shared in accordance with any 
     restrictions placed on the sharing of such information by the 
     entity authorizing such sharing, such as appropriate 
     anonymization of such information; and
       (B) may not be used by any entity to gain an unfair 
     competitive advantage to the detriment of the entity 
     authorizing the sharing of such information, except that the 
     conduct described in paragraph (3) shall not constitute 
     unfair competitive conduct.
       (3) Information shared with state, tribal, or local 
     government or government agency.--Cyber threat information 
     shared with a State, tribal, or local government or 
     government agency under this title--
       (A) may, with the prior written consent of the entity 
     sharing such information, be disclosed to and used by a 
     State, tribal, or local government or government agency for 
     the purpose of protecting information systems, or in 
     furtherance of preventing, investigating, or prosecuting a 
     criminal act, except if the need for immediate disclosure 
     prevents obtaining written consent, consent may be provided 
     orally with subsequent documentation of the consent;
       (B) shall be deemed voluntarily shared information and 
     exempt from disclosure under any State, tribal, or local law 
     requiring disclosure of information or records;
       (C) shall not be disclosed or distributed to any entity by 
     the State, tribal, or local government or government agency 
     without the prior written consent of the entity submitting 
     such information, notwithstanding any State, tribal, or local 
     law requiring disclosure of information or records, except if 
     the need for immediate disclosure prevents obtaining written 
     consent, consent may be provided orally with subsequent 
     documentation of the consent; and
       (D) shall not be directly used by any State, tribal, or 
     local department or agency to regulate the lawful activities 
     of an entity, including activities relating to obtaining, 
     identifying, or otherwise possessing cyber threat 
     information, except that the procedures required to be 
     developed and implemented under this title shall not be 
     considered regulations within the meaning of this 
     subparagraph.
       (4) Antitrust exemption.--The exchange or provision of 
     cyber threat information or assistance between 2 or more 
     private entities under this title shall not be considered a 
     violation of any provision of antitrust laws if exchanged or 
     provided in order to assist with--
       (A) facilitating the prevention, investigation, or 
     mitigation of threats to information security; or
       (B) communicating or disclosing of cyber threat information 
     to help prevent, investigate or otherwise mitigate the 
     effects of a threat to information security.
       (5) No right or benefit.--The provision of cyber threat 
     information to an entity under this section shall not create 
     a right or a benefit to similar information by such entity or 
     any other entity.
       (f) Federal Preemption.--
       (1) In general.--This section supersedes any statute or 
     other law of a State or political subdivision of a State that 
     restricts or otherwise expressly regulates an activity 
     authorized under this section.
       (2) State law enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall 
     be construed to supersede any statute or other law of a State 
     or political subdivision of a State concerning the use of 
     authorized law enforcement techniques.
       (3) Public disclosure.--No information shared with or 
     provided to a State, tribal, or local government or 
     government agency pursuant to this section shall be made 
     publicly available pursuant to any State, tribal, or local 
     law requiring disclosure of information or records.
       (g) Civil and Criminal Liability.--
       (1) General protections.--
       (A) Private entities.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against any private entity for--
       (i) the use of countermeasures and cybersecurity systems as 
     authorized by this title;
       (ii) the use, receipt, or disclosure of any cyber threat 
     information as authorized by this title; or
       (iii) the subsequent actions or inactions of any lawful 
     recipient of cyber threat information provided by such 
     private entity.
       (B) Entities.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against any entity for--
       (i) the use, receipt, or disclosure of any cyber threat 
     information as authorized by this title; or
       (ii) the subsequent actions or inactions of any lawful 
     recipient of cyber threat information provided by such 
     entity.
       (2) Construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
     construed as creating any immunity against, or otherwise 
     affecting, any action brought by the Federal government, or 
     any agency or department thereof, to enforce any law, 
     executive order, or procedure governing the appropriate 
     handling, disclosure, and use of classified information.
       (h) Otherwise Lawful Disclosures.--Nothing in this section 
     shall be construed to limit or prohibit otherwise lawful 
     disclosures of communications, records, or other information 
     by a private entity to any other governmental or private 
     entity not covered under this section.
       (i) Whistleblower Protection.--Nothing in this Act shall be 
     construed to preempt or preclude any employee from exercising 
     rights currently provided under any whistleblower law, rule, 
     or regulation.
       (j) Relationship to Other Laws.--The submission of cyber 
     threat information under this section to a cybersecurity 
     center shall not affect any requirement under any other 
     provision of law for an entity to provide information to the 
     Federal government.

     SEC. 703. INFORMATION SHARING BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

       (a) Classified Information.--
       (1) Procedures.--Consistent with the protection of 
     intelligence sources and methods, and as otherwise determined 
     appropriate, the Director of National Intelligence and the 
     Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the heads of the 
     appropriate Federal departments or agencies, shall develop 
     and promulgate procedures to facilitate and promote--
       (A) the immediate sharing, through the cybersecurity 
     centers, of classified cyber threat information in the 
     possession of the Federal government with appropriately 
     cleared representatives of any appropriate entity; and
       (B) the declassification and immediate sharing, through the 
     cybersecurity centers, with any entity or, if appropriate, 
     public availability of cyber threat information in the 
     possession of the Federal government;
       (2) Handling of classified information.--The procedures 
     developed under paragraph (1) shall ensure that each entity 
     receiving classified cyber threat information pursuant to 
     this section has acknowledged in writing the ongoing 
     obligation to comply with all laws, executive orders, and 
     procedures concerning the appropriate handling, disclosure, 
     or use of classified information.
       (b) Unclassified Cyber Threat Information.--The heads of 
     each department or agency containing a cybersecurity center 
     shall jointly develop and promulgate procedures that ensure 
     that, consistent with the provisions of this section, 
     unclassified, including controlled unclassified, cyber threat 
     information in the possession of the Federal government--
       (1) is shared, through the cybersecurity centers, in an 
     immediate and adequate manner with appropriate entities; and
       (2) if appropriate, is made publicly available.
       (c) Development of Procedures.--
       (1) In general.--The procedures developed under this 
     section shall incorporate, to the greatest extent possible, 
     existing processes utilized by sector specific information 
     sharing and analysis centers.
       (2) Coordination with entities.--In developing the 
     procedures required under this section, the Director of 
     National Intelligence and the heads of each department or 
     agency containing a cybersecurity center shall coordinate 
     with appropriate entities to ensure that protocols are 
     implemented that will facilitate and promote the sharing of 
     cyber threat information by the Federal government.
       (d) Additional Responsibilities of Cybersecurity Centers.--
     Consistent with section 702, a cybersecurity center shall--
       (1) facilitate information sharing, interaction, and 
     collaboration among and between cybersecurity centers and--
       (A) other Federal entities;
       (B) any entity; and
       (C) international partners, in consultation with the 
     Secretary of State;
       (2) disseminate timely and actionable cybersecurity threat, 
     vulnerability, mitigation, and warning information, including 
     alerts, advisories, indicators, signatures, and mitigation 
     and response measures, to improve the security and protection 
     of information systems; and
       (3) coordinate with other Federal entities, as appropriate, 
     to integrate information from across the Federal government 
     to provide situational awareness of the cybersecurity posture 
     of the United States.
       (e) Sharing Within the Federal Government.--The heads of 
     appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall ensure 
     that cyber threat information in the possession of such 
     Federal departments or agencies that relates to the 
     prevention, investigation, or mitigation of threats to 
     information security across the Federal government is shared 
     effectively with the cybersecurity centers.
       (f) Submission to Congress.--Not later than 60 days after 
     the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of National 
     Intelligence, in coordination with the appropriate head of a 
     department or an agency containing a cybersecurity center, 
     shall submit the procedures required by this section to 
     Congress.

     SEC. 704. CONSTRUCTION.

       (a) Information Sharing Relationships.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed--
       (1) to limit or modify an existing information sharing 
     relationship;
       (2) to prohibit a new information sharing relationship;
       (3) to require a new information sharing relationship 
     between any entity and the Federal government, except as 
     specified under section 702(b); or
       (4) to modify the authority of a department or agency of 
     the Federal government to protect sources and methods and the 
     national security of the United States.
       (b) Anti-tasking Restriction.--Nothing in this title shall 
     be construed to permit the Federal government--
       (1) to require an entity to share information with the 
     Federal government, except as expressly provided under 
     section 702(b); or

[[Page S5676]]

       (2) to condition the sharing of cyber threat information 
     with an entity on such entity's provision of cyber threat 
     information to the Federal government.
       (c) No Liability for Non-Participation.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed to subject any entity to liability 
     for choosing not to engage in the voluntary activities 
     authorized under this title.
       (d) Use and Retention of Information.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed to authorize, or to modify any 
     existing authority of, a department or agency of the Federal 
     government to retain or use any information shared under 
     section 702 for any use other than a use permitted under 
     subsection 702(c)(1).
       (e) No New Funding.--An applicable Federal agency shall 
     carry out the provisions of this title with existing 
     facilities and funds otherwise available, through such means 
     as the head of the agency considers appropriate.

     SEC. 705. REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.

       (a) Content of Report.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the 
     heads of each department or agency containing a cybersecurity 
     center shall jointly submit, in coordination with the privacy 
     and civil liberties officials of such departments or agencies 
     and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, a 
     detailed report to Congress concerning the implementation of 
     this title, including--
       (1) an assessment of the sufficiency of the procedures 
     developed under section 703 of this Act in ensuring that 
     cyber threat information in the possession of the Federal 
     government is provided in an immediate and adequate manner to 
     appropriate entities or, if appropriate, is made publicly 
     available;
       (2) an assessment of whether information has been 
     appropriately classified and an accounting of the number of 
     security clearances authorized by the Federal government for 
     purposes of this title;
       (3) a review of the type of cyber threat information shared 
     with a cybersecurity center under section 702 of this Act, 
     including whether such information meets the definition of 
     cyber threat information under section 701, the degree to 
     which such information may impact the privacy and civil 
     liberties of individuals, any appropriate metrics to 
     determine any impact of the sharing of such information with 
     the Federal government on privacy and civil liberties, and 
     the adequacy of any steps taken to reduce such impact;
       (4) a review of actions taken by the Federal government 
     based on information provided to a cybersecurity center under 
     section 702 of this Act, including the appropriateness of any 
     subsequent use under section 702(c)(1) of this Act and 
     whether there was inappropriate stovepiping within the 
     Federal government of any such information;
       (5) a description of any violations of the requirements of 
     this title by the Federal government;
       (6) a classified list of entities that received classified 
     information from the Federal government under section 703 of 
     this Act and a description of any indication that such 
     information may not have been appropriately handled;
       (7) a summary of any breach of information security, if 
     known, attributable to a specific failure by any entity or 
     the Federal government to act on cyber threat information in 
     the possession of such entity or the Federal government that 
     resulted in substantial economic harm or injury to a specific 
     entity or the Federal government; and
       (8) any recommendation for improvements or modifications to 
     the authorities under this title.
       (b) Form of Report.--The report under subsection (a) shall 
     be submitted in unclassified form, but shall include a 
     classified annex.

     SEC. 706. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW.

       (a) In General.--The Council of the Inspectors General on 
     Integrity and Efficiency are authorized to review compliance 
     by the cybersecurity centers, and by any Federal department 
     or agency receiving cyber threat information from such 
     cybersecurity centers, with the procedures required under 
     section 102 of this Act.
       (b) Scope of Review.--The review under subsection (a) shall 
     consider whether the Federal government has handled such 
     cyber threat information in a reasonable manner, including 
     consideration of the need to protect the privacy and civil 
     liberties of individuals through anonymization or other 
     appropriate methods, while fully accomplishing the objectives 
     of this title.
       (c) Report to Congress.--Each review conducted under this 
     section shall be provided to Congress not later than 30 days 
     after the date of completion of the review.

     SEC. 707. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

       Section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (8), by striking ``or'';
       (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``wells.'' and inserting 
     ``wells; or''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(10) information shared with or provided to a 
     cybersecurity center under section 702 of title I of the 
     Cybersecurity Act of 2012.''.

     SEC. 708. ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.

       (a) Authorization Required.--No person shall be provided 
     with access to classified information (as defined in section 
     6.1 of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 435 note; relating to 
     classified national security information)) relating to cyber 
     security threats or cyber security vulnerabilities under this 
     title without the appropriate security clearances.
       (b) Security Clearances.--The appropriate Federal agencies 
     or departments shall, consistent with applicable procedures 
     and requirements, and if otherwise deemed appropriate, assist 
     an individual in timely obtaining an appropriate security 
     clearance where such individual has been determined to be 
     eligible for such clearance and has a need-to-know (as 
     defined in section 6.1 of that Executive Order) classified 
     information to carry out this title.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2626. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Beginning on page 30, strike line 10, and all that follows 
     through page 31, line 21, and insert the following:
       (1) Liability.--
       (A) In general.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against a certified owner for any 
     cyber-related incident that has impacted, or may impact, the 
     information security of an information system of such owner, 
     if such owner has been found to be in compliance with 
     applicable cybersecurity practices through an assessment 
     under subsection (b).
       (B) Ongoing assessment.--No cause of action shall lie or be 
     maintained in any court against an owner or operator for any 
     cyber-related incident that has impacted, or may impact, the 
     information security of an information system of such owner 
     or operator, if such owner or operator is, in good faith, in 
     the process of obtaining, disputing, or satisfying the 
     findings of an assessment under subsection (b).
       (C) No liability for non-participation.--Nothing in this 
     title shall be construed to subject any owner or operator for 
     choosing not to engage in the voluntary activities authorized 
     under this title.
       (D) Removal.--Any civil action arising from a cyber-related 
     incident that has impacted, or may impact, the information 
     security of an information system of an owner or operator 
     engaged in the voluntary activities authorized under this 
     title that is brought in a State court against any owner or 
     operator shall be deemed to arise under the Constitution and 
     laws of the United States and shall be removable under 
     section 1441 of title 28, United States Code.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2627. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Beginning on page 23, strike line 18, and all that follows 
     through page 25, line 8.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2628. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

                       TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATE

     SEC. 801. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       (a) In General.--This Act and the amendments made by this 
     Act shall be effective during the 3-year period beginning on 
     the date of the enactment of this Act.
       (b) Transition Procedures.--Notwithstanding subsection (a), 
     the limitations of liability in section 104(c)(1) and section 
     706 shall continue to apply to any actions described in such 
     sections.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2629. Mr. CHAMBLISS submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       Beginning on page 9, strike line 7, and all that follows 
     through page 25, line 24, and insert the following:
       (b) Membership.--The Council shall be comprised of 
     appropriate representatives appointed by the President from--
       (1) the Department of Commerce;
       (2) the Department of Defense;
       (3) the Department of Justice;
       (4) the intelligence community;
       (5) sector-specific Federal agencies, as appropriate;
       (6) Federal agencies with responsibility for regulating the 
     security of critical cyber infrastructure, as appropriate; 
     and
       (7) the Department.

     SEC. 102. VOLUNTARY CYBERSECURITY PRACTICES.

       Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, each sector coordinating council shall establish and 
     maintain voluntary cybersecurity practices sufficient to 
     effectively remediate or mitigate cyber risks identified by 
     such sector coordinating council.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2630. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and

[[Page S5677]]

communications infrastructure of the United States; which was ordered 
to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

     SEC. 801. LIMITATIONS ON BILLS IMPLEMENTING TRADE AGREEMENTS.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 151 of the Trade 
     Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2191) or any other provision of law, 
     any bill implementing a trade agreement between the United 
     States and a country described in subsection (b) shall be 
     subject to a point of order pursuant to subsection (c).
       (b) Country Described.--A country described in this 
     subsection is a country the government of which is identified 
     as perpetrating foreign economic collection or industrial 
     espionage that threatens the economic security of the United 
     States in a report to Congress of the Office of the National 
     Counterintelligence Executive.
       (c) Point of Order in Senate.--
       (1) In general.--The Senate shall cease consideration of a 
     bill to implement a trade agreement if--
       (A) a point of order is made by any Senator against the 
     bill because the bill implements a trade agreement between 
     the United States and a country described in subsection (b); 
     and
       (B) the point of order is sustained by the presiding 
     officer.
       (2) Waivers and appeals.--
       (A) Waivers.--Before the presiding officer rules on a point 
     of order described in paragraph (1), any Senator may move to 
     waive the point of order and the motion to waive shall not be 
     subject to amendment. A point of order described in paragraph 
     (1) is waived only by the affirmative vote of a majority of 
     the Members of the Senate, duly chosen and sworn.
       (B) Appeals.--After the presiding officer rules on a point 
     of order under this paragraph, any Senator may appeal the 
     ruling of the presiding officer on the point of order as it 
     applies to some or all of the provisions on which the 
     presiding officer ruled. A ruling of the presiding officer on 
     a point of order described in paragraph (1) is sustained 
     unless a majority of the Members of the Senate, duly chosen 
     and sworn, vote not to sustain the ruling.
       (C) Debate.--Debate on a motion to waive under subparagraph 
     (A) or on an appeal of the ruling of the presiding officer 
     under subparagraph (B) shall be limited to 1 hour. The time 
     shall be equally divided between, and controlled by, the 
     majority leader and the minority leader of the Senate, or 
     their designees.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2631. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title IV, add the following:

     SEC. 416. STUDY AND REPORT ON CYBERWORK BY SMALL BUSINESS 
                   CONCERNS.

       (a) Definitions.--In this section--
       (1) the term ``covered Federal agency'' means--
       (A) the Department of Homeland Security;
       (B) the Department of Defense; and
       (C) each element of the intelligence community;
       (2) the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 3(4) of the National Security Act 
     of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4)); and
       (3) the term ``small business concern'' has the meaning 
     given that term under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
     U.S.C. 632).
       (b) Study.--The heads of the covered Federal agencies, in 
     consultation with the Administrator of the Small Business 
     Administration, shall jointly conduct a study of cyberwork 
     performed by small business concerns for the covered Federal 
     agencies.
       (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the heads of the covered Federal 
     agencies shall jointly submit to the Committee on Small 
     Business and Entrepreneurship, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
     Affairs, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
     Senate and the Committee on Small Business, the Committee on 
     Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security, and the 
     Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives a 
     report on the results of the study under subsection (b) that 
     contains--
       (1) the number of small business concerns with top secret 
     or sensitive compartmented information site clearances and an 
     evaluation of whether small business concerns are carrying 
     out a proportional amount of cyberwork for covered Federal 
     agencies;
       (2) a description of challenges faced by small business 
     concerns in--
       (A) securing cyberwork with covered Federal agencies;
       (B) securing classified information technology work with 
     covered Federal agencies;
       (C) securing sponsorship by covered Federal agencies for 
     site security clearances;
       (D) obtaining security clearances for employees; and
       (E) matters relating to the matters described in 
     subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D);
       (3) recommendations for overcoming the challenges described 
     in paragraph (2);
       (4) an evaluation of the feasibility of and benefits to the 
     Federal Government, the private sector, and small business 
     concerns of establishing a program that would use small 
     business concerns as incubators for developing cyberworkers 
     who have top secret or sensitive compartmented information 
     security clearances while the small business concerns perform 
     other cyberwork for covered Federal agencies; and
       (5) recommendations, if any, for legislation that would 
     enable covered Federal agencies to better use the talents of 
     small business concerns for cleared cyberwork.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2632. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 108, line 6, insert ``, including through the use 
     of quantum entanglement for secured satellite and other 
     point-to-point wireless communications'' before the 
     semicolon.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2633. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 150, strike line 24 and all that follows through 
     page 151, line 8, and insert the following:
     Congress reports--
       (1) on available technical options, consistent with 
     constitutional and statutory privacy rights, for enhancing 
     the security of the information networks of entities that own 
     or manage critical infrastructure through--
       (A) technical improvements, including developing a secure 
     domain; or
       (B) increased notice of and consent to the use of 
     technologies to scan for, detect, and defeat cyber security 
     threats, such as technologies used in a secure domain; and
       (2) providing an evaluation of the effort to implement the 
     Domain Name System Security Extensions by owners and 
     operators of critical infrastructure and Internet service 
     providers, which shall--
       (A) identify challenges hampering implementation; and
       (B) provide proposals--
       (i) to resolve any challenges identified under subparagraph 
     (A); and
       (ii) regarding how owners and operators of critical 
     infrastructure and Internet service providers can streamline 
     implementation of Domain Name System Security Extensions.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2634. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

              TITLE VIII--FCC TECHNICAL EXPERTISE CAPACITY

     SECTION 801. SHORT TITLE.

       This title may be cited as the ``FCC Technical Expertise 
     Capacity Heightening Act'' or the ``FCC TECH Act''.

     SEC. 802. APPOINTMENT OF TECHNICAL STAFF.

       Section 4(f)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
     U.S.C. 154(f)(2)) is amended by inserting after the first 
     sentence the following new sentence: ``Each commissioner may 
     also appoint an electrical engineer or computer scientist to 
     provide the commissioner technical consultation when 
     appropriate and to interface with the Office of Engineering 
     and Technology, Commission Bureaus, and other technical staff 
     of the Commission for additional technical input and 
     resources, provided that such engineer or scientist holds an 
     undergraduate or graduate degree from an institution of 
     higher education in their respective field of expertise.''.

     SEC. 803. TECHNICAL POLICY AND PERSONNEL STUDY.

       (a) Study.--
       (1) Requirements of study.--The Chairman of the Federal 
     Communications Commission (referred to in this section as the 
     ``Commission'') shall enter into an arrangement with the 
     National Academy of Sciences to complete a study of the 
     technical policy decision-making and the technical personnel 
     at the Commission.
       (2) Contents.--The study required under paragraph (1) 
     shall--
       (A) review the technical policy decision making of the 
     Commission, including if the Commission has the adequate 
     resources and processes in place to properly evaluate and 
     account for the technical aspects and impact of the 
     Commission's regulatory rulemaking;
       (B) review--
       (i) the timeliness of the rulemaking process utilized by 
     the Commission; and
       (ii) the impact of regulatory delay on telecommunications 
     innovation;
       (C) based upon the review undertaken pursuant to 
     subparagraph (B), make recommendations for the Commission to 
     streamline its rulemaking process;
       (D) evaluate the current staffing levels and skill sets of 
     technical personnel at the Commission to determine if such 
     staffing levels and skill sets are aligned with the current 
     and future needs of the Commission, as well as with current 
     and future issues that come or may come under the 
     jurisdiction of the

[[Page S5678]]

     Commission and shall include a recommendation on the 
     appropriate number or percentage of technical personnel that 
     should constitute the Commission workforce;
       (E) examine the current technical staff and engineering 
     recruiting procedures at the Commission and make 
     recommendations on how the Commission can improve its efforts 
     to hire and retain engineers and other technical staff 
     members;
       (F) examine--
       (i) the reliance of the Commission on external contractors 
     in the development of policy and in evaluating the technical 
     aspects of services, devices, and issues that arise under the 
     jurisdiction of the Commission; and
       (ii) the potential costs and benefits of the development of 
     ``in-house'' resources to perform the duties that are 
     currently being outsourced to external contractors; and
       (G) compare the decision-making process of the Commission 
     with the decision-making process used by similar regulatory 
     authorities in other industrialized countries, including the 
     European Union, Japan, Canada, Australia, and the United 
     Kingdom.
       (b) Report.--The Commission shall transmit a report 
     describing the results of the study and recommendations 
     required by subsection (a) to the Committee on Commerce, 
     Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
     on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
       (c) Offset of Administrative Costs.--Section 4(a) of Public 
     Law 109-34 (47 U.S.C. 703(a)) is amended by striking 
     ``annual'' and inserting ``biennial''.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2635. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

     SEC. __. SMALL BUSINESS REGULATORY TRANSPARENCY.

       Section 609(d) of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
       (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
       (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(4) the Department of Homeland Security.''.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2636. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title I, add the following:

     SEC. 111. SMALL BUSINESS MEMBERSHIP ON THE CRITICAL 
                   INFRASTRUCTURE PARTNERSHIP ADVISORY COUNCIL.

       The Secretary shall ensure that the members of the Critical 
     Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council include--
       (1) a representative of the Office of Advocacy of the Small 
     Business Administration; and
       (2) the owner of a small business concern or an advocate 
     for small business concerns from the private sector.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2637. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title IV, add the following:

     SEC. 416. REPORT BY SMALL BUSINESS INFORMATION SECURITY TASK 
                   FORCE.

       Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, the Small Business Information Security Task Force, in 
     consultation with the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small 
     Business Administration, shall submit to Congress a report 
     that--
       (1) analyzes the impact of this Act, and the amendments 
     made by this Act, on small business concerns; and
       (2) describes methods for mitigating any costs or 
     unnecessary burdens imposed on small business concerns by 
     regulations issued under this Act or the amendments made by 
     this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2638. Mr. RUBIO submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

     SEC. __. PROHIBITION ON TREASURY REGULATIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
                   INFORMATION REPORTING ON CERTAIN INTEREST PAID 
                   TO NONRESIDENT ALIENS.

       Except to the extent provided in Treasury Regulations as in 
     effect on February 21, 2011, the Secretary of the Treasury 
     shall not require (by regulation or otherwise) that an 
     information return be made by a payor of interest in the case 
     of interest--
       (1) which is described in section 871(i)(2)(A) of the 
     Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
       (2) which is paid--
       (A) to a nonresident alien; and
       (B) on a deposit maintained at an office within the United 
     States.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2639. Mr. DeMINT submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

     SEC. __. REPEAL OF RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD.

       Section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545) is 
     amended by striking subsection (o).
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2640. Mr. LEAHY (for himself and Mr. Hoeven) submitted an 
amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to 
enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications 
infrastructure of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the 
table; as follows:

       Beginning on page 109, strike line 4 and all that follows 
     through page 110, line 20, and insert the following:
       (d) Cybersecurity Modeling and Test Beds.--
       (1) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Director shall conduct a review of 
     cybersecurity test beds in existence on the date of enactment 
     of this Act to inform the program established under paragraph 
     (2).
       (2) Establishment of program.--
       (A) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
     Foundation, the Secretary, and the Secretary of Commerce 
     shall establish a program for the appropriate Federal 
     agencies to award grants to institutions of higher education 
     or research and development non-profit institutions and to 
     provide funds to the military service academies and senior 
     military colleges (as defined in section 2111a of title 10, 
     United States Code) to establish cybersecurity test beds 
     capable of realistic modeling of real-time cyber attacks and 
     defenses. The test beds shall work to enhance the security of 
     public systems and focus on enhancing the security of 
     critical private sector systems such as those in the finance, 
     energy, and other sectors.
       (B) Requirements.--
       (i) Size of test beds.--The test beds established under the 
     program established under subparagraph (A) shall be 
     sufficiently large in order to model the scale and complexity 
     of real world networks and environments.
       (ii) Use of existing test beds.--The test bed program 
     established under subparagraph (A) shall build upon and 
     expand test beds and cyber attack simulation, experiment, and 
     distributed gaming tools developed by the Under Secretary of 
     Homeland Security for Science and Technology prior to the 
     date of enactment of this Act.
       (3) Purposes.--The purposes of the program established 
     under paragraph (2) shall be to--
       (A) support the rapid development of new cybersecurity 
     defenses, techniques, and processes by improving 
     understanding and assessing the latest technologies in a 
     real-world environment; and
       (B) to improve understanding among private sector partners 
     of the risk, magnitude, and consequences of cyber attacks.
       (e) Coordination With Other Research Initiatives.--The 
     Director shall to the extent practicable, coordinate research 
     and development activities under this section with other 
     ongoing research and development security-related 
     initiatives, including research being conducted by--
       (1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
       (2) the Department;
       (3) other Federal agencies;
       (4) other Federal and private research laboratories, 
     research entities, the military service academies, senior 
     military colleges (as defined in section 2111a of title 10, 
     United States Code), and universities and institutions of 
     higher education, and relevant nonprofit organizations; and
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2641. Mr. CARPER (for himself and Mr. Blunt) submitted an 
amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to 
enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications 
infrastructure of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the 
table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

                   TITLE VIII--ACCOUNT DATA SECURITY

     SEC. 801. SHORT TITLE.

       This title may be cited as the ``Data Security Act of 
     2012''.

     SEC. 802. DEFINITIONS.

       For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall 
     apply:
       (1) Affiliate.--The term ``affiliate'' means any company 
     that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control 
     with another company.
       (2) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the same meaning as in 
     section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code.
       (3) Breach of data security.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``breach of data security'' means 
     the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive account information 
     or sensitive personal information.

[[Page S5679]]

       (B) Exception for data that is not in usable form.--
       (i) In general.--The term ``breach of data security'' does 
     not include the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive account 
     information or sensitive personal information that is 
     maintained or communicated in a manner that is not usable--

       (I) to commit identity theft; or
       (II) to make fraudulent transactions on financial accounts.

       (ii) Rule of construction.--For purposes of this 
     subparagraph, information that is maintained or communicated 
     in a manner that is not usable includes any information that 
     is maintained or communicated in an encrypted, redacted, 
     altered, edited, or coded form.
       (4) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal 
     Trade Commission.
       (5) Consumer.--The term ``consumer'' means an individual.
       (6) Consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains 
     files on consumers on a nationwide basis.--The term 
     ``consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files 
     on consumers on a nationwide basis'' has the same meaning as 
     in section 603(p) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 
     1681a(p)).
       (7) Covered entity.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``covered entity'' means any--
       (i) entity, the business of which is engaging in financial 
     activities, as described in section 4(k) of the Bank Holding 
     Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1843(k));
       (ii) financial institution, including any institution 
     described in section 313.3(k) of title 16, Code of Federal 
     Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this 
     Act;
       (iii) entity that maintains or otherwise possesses 
     information that is subject to section 628 of the Fair Credit 
     Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681w); or
       (iv) other individual, partnership, corporation, trust, 
     estate, cooperative, association, or entity that maintains or 
     communicates sensitive account information or sensitive 
     personal information.
       (B) Exception.--The term ``covered entity'' does not 
     include any agency or any other unit of Federal, State, or 
     local government or any subdivision of such unit.
       (8) Financial institution.--The term ``financial 
     institution'' has the same meaning as in section 509 of the 
     Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6809).
       (9) Sensitive account information.--The term ``sensitive 
     account information'' means a financial account number 
     relating to a consumer, including a credit card number or 
     debit card number, in combination with any security code, 
     access code, password, or other personal identification 
     information required to access the financial account.
       (10) Sensitive personal information.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``sensitive personal 
     information'' means the first and last name, address, or 
     telephone number of a consumer, in combination with any of 
     the following relating to such consumer:
       (i) Social security account number.
       (ii) Driver's license number or equivalent State 
     identification number.
       (iii) Taxpayer identification number.
       (B) Exception.--The term ``sensitive personal information'' 
     does not include publicly available information that is 
     lawfully made available to the general public from--
       (i) Federal, State, or local government records; or
       (ii) widely distributed media.
       (11) Substantial harm or inconvenience.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``substantial harm or 
     inconvenience'' means--
       (i) material financial loss to, or civil or criminal 
     penalties imposed on, a consumer, due to the unauthorized use 
     of sensitive account information or sensitive personal 
     information relating to such consumer; or
       (ii) the need for a consumer to expend significant time and 
     effort to correct erroneous information relating to the 
     consumer, including information maintained by a consumer 
     reporting agency, financial institution, or government 
     entity, in order to avoid material financial loss, increased 
     costs, or civil or criminal penalties, due to the 
     unauthorized use of sensitive account information or 
     sensitive personal information relating to such consumer.
       (B) Exception.--The term ``substantial harm or 
     inconvenience'' does not include--
       (i) changing a financial account number or closing a 
     financial account; or
       (ii) harm or inconvenience that does not result from 
     identity theft or account fraud.

     SEC. 803. PROTECTION OF INFORMATION AND SECURITY BREACH 
                   NOTIFICATION.

       (a) Security Procedures Required.--
       (1) In general.--Each covered entity shall implement, 
     maintain, and enforce reasonable policies and procedures to 
     protect the confidentiality and security of sensitive account 
     information and sensitive personal information which is 
     maintained or is being communicated by or on behalf of a 
     covered entity, from the unauthorized use of such information 
     that is reasonably likely to result in substantial harm or 
     inconvenience to the consumer to whom such information 
     relates.
       (2) Limitation.--Any policy or procedure implemented or 
     maintained under paragraph (1) shall be appropriate to the--
       (A) size and complexity of a covered entity;
       (B) nature and scope of the activities of such entity; and
       (C) sensitivity of the consumer information to be 
     protected.
       (b) Investigation Required.--
       (1) In general.--If a covered entity determines that a 
     breach of data security has or may have occurred in relation 
     to sensitive account information or sensitive personal 
     information that is maintained or is being communicated by, 
     or on behalf of, such covered entity, the covered entity 
     shall conduct an investigation--
       (A) to assess the nature and scope of the breach;
       (B) to identify any sensitive account information or 
     sensitive personal information that may have been involved in 
     the breach; and
       (C) to determine if such information is reasonably likely 
     to be misused in a manner causing substantial harm or 
     inconvenience to the consumers to whom the information 
     relates.
       (2) Neural networks and information security programs.--In 
     determining the likelihood of misuse of sensitive account 
     information under paragraph (1)(C), a covered entity shall 
     consider whether any neural network or security program has 
     detected, or is likely to detect or prevent, fraudulent 
     transactions resulting from the breach of security.
       (c) Notice Required.--If a covered entity determines under 
     subsection (b)(1)(C) that sensitive account information or 
     sensitive personal information involved in a breach of data 
     security is reasonably likely to be misused in a manner 
     causing substantial harm or inconvenience to the consumers to 
     whom the information relates, such covered entity, or a third 
     party acting on behalf of such covered entity, shall--
       (1) notify, in the following order--
       (A) the appropriate agency or authority identified in 
     section 805;
       (B) an appropriate law enforcement agency;
       (C) any entity that owns, or is obligated on, a financial 
     account to which the sensitive account information relates, 
     if the breach involves a breach of sensitive account 
     information;
       (D) each consumer reporting agency that compiles and 
     maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis, if the 
     breach involves sensitive personal information relating to 
     5,000 or more consumers; and
       (E) all consumers to whom the sensitive account information 
     or sensitive personal information relates; and
       (2) take reasonable measures to restore the security and 
     confidentiality of the sensitive account information or 
     sensitive personal information involved in the breach.
       (d) Presumed Compliance by Certain Entities.--
       (1) In general.--An entity shall be deemed to be in 
     compliance with--
       (A) in the case of a financial institution--
       (i) subsection (a), and any regulations prescribed under 
     such subsection, if such institution maintains policies and 
     procedures to protect the confidentiality and security of 
     sensitive account information and sensitive personal 
     information that are consistent with the policies and 
     procedures of such institution that are designed to comply 
     with the requirements of section 501(b) of the Gramm-Leach-
     Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6801(b)) and any regulations or 
     guidance prescribed under that section that are applicable to 
     such institution; and
       (ii) subsections (b) and (c), and any regulations 
     prescribed under such subsections, if such financial 
     institution--

       (I)(aa) maintains policies and procedures to investigate 
     and provide notice to consumers of breaches of data security 
     that are consistent with the policies and procedures of such 
     institution that are designed to comply with the 
     investigation and notice requirements established by 
     regulations or guidance under section 501(b) of the Gramm-
     Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6801(b)) that are applicable to 
     such institution; or
       (bb) is an affiliate of a bank holding company that 
     maintains policies and procedures to investigate and provide 
     notice to consumers of breaches of data security that are 
     consistent with the policies and procedures of a bank that is 
     an affiliate of such institution, and that bank's policies 
     and procedures are designed to comply with the investigation 
     and notice requirements established by any regulations or 
     guidance under section 501(b) of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 
     (15 U.S.C. 6801(b)) that are applicable to that bank; and
       (II) provides for notice to the entities described under 
     subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (c)(1), if 
     notice is provided to consumers pursuant to the policies and 
     procedures of such institution described in subclause (I); 
     and

       (B) subsections (a), (b), and (c), if the entity is a 
     covered entity for purposes of the regulations promulgated 
     under section 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and 
     Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. 1320d-2 note), to the 
     extent that such entity is in compliance with such 
     regulations.
       (2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
     terms ``bank holding company'' and ``bank'' have the same 
     meanings as in section 2 of the Bank Holding Company Act of 
     1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841).

     SEC. 804. IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
     law, and except as provided under section 806, the agencies 
     and authorities identified in section 805, with respect to 
     the covered entities that are subject to the respective 
     enforcement authority of such agencies and authorities, shall 
     prescribe regulations to implement this title.

[[Page S5680]]

       (b) Coordination.--Each agency and authority required to 
     prescribe regulations under subsection (a) shall consult and 
     coordinate with each other agency and authority identified in 
     section 805 so that, to the extent possible, the regulations 
     prescribed by each agency and authority are consistent and 
     comparable.
       (c) Method of Providing Notice to Consumers.--The 
     regulations required under subsection (a) shall--
       (1) prescribe the methods by which a covered entity shall 
     notify a consumer of a breach of data security under section 
     803; and
       (2) allow a covered entity to provide such notice by--
       (A) written, telephonic, or e-mail notification; or
       (B) substitute notification, if providing written, 
     telephonic, or e-mail notification is not feasible due to--
       (i) lack of sufficient contact information for the 
     consumers that must be notified; or
       (ii) excessive cost to the covered entity.
       (d) Content of Consumer Notice.--The regulations required 
     under subsection (a) shall--
       (1) prescribe the content that shall be included in a 
     notice of a breach of data security that is required to be 
     provided to consumers under section 803; and
       (2) require such notice to include--
       (A) a description of the type of sensitive account 
     information or sensitive personal information involved in the 
     breach of data security;
       (B) a general description of the actions taken by the 
     covered entity to restore the security and confidentiality of 
     the sensitive account information or sensitive personal 
     information involved in the breach of data security; and
       (C) the summary of rights of victims of identity theft 
     prepared by the Commission under section 609(d) of the Fair 
     Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681g), if the breach of data 
     security involves sensitive personal information.
       (e) Timing of Notice.--The regulations required under 
     subsection (a) shall establish standards for when a covered 
     entity shall provide any notice required under section 803.
       (f) Law Enforcement Delay.--The regulations required under 
     subsection (a) shall allow a covered entity to delay 
     providing notice of a breach of data security to consumers 
     under section 803 if a law enforcement agency requests such a 
     delay in writing.
       (g) Service Providers.--The regulations required under 
     subsection (a) shall--
       (1) require any party that maintains or communicates 
     sensitive account information or sensitive personal 
     information on behalf of a covered entity to provide notice 
     to that covered entity if such party determines that a breach 
     of data security has, or may have, occurred with respect to 
     such information; and
       (2) ensure that there is only 1 notification responsibility 
     with respect to a breach of data security.
       (h) Timing of Regulations.--The regulations required under 
     subsection (a) shall--
       (1) be issued in final form not later than 6 months after 
     the date of enactment of this Act; and
       (2) take effect not later than 6 months after the date on 
     which they are issued in final form.

     SEC. 805. ADMINISTRATIVE ENFORCEMENT.

       (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
     law, section 803, and the regulations required under section 
     804, shall be enforced exclusively under--
       (1) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 
     U.S.C. 1818), in the case of--
       (A) a national bank, a Federal branch or Federal agency of 
     a foreign bank, or any subsidiary thereof (other than a 
     broker, dealer, person providing insurance, investment 
     company, or investment adviser), or a savings association, 
     the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit 
     Insurance Corporation, or any subsidiary thereof (other than 
     a broker, dealer, person providing insurance, investment 
     company, or investment adviser), by the Office of the 
     Comptroller of the Currency;
       (B) a member bank of the Federal Reserve System (other than 
     a national bank), a branch or agency of a foreign bank (other 
     than a Federal branch, Federal agency, or insured State 
     branch of a foreign bank), a commercial lending company owned 
     or controlled by a foreign bank, an organization operating 
     under section 25 or 25A of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 
     601, 604), or a bank holding company and its nonbank 
     subsidiary or affiliate (other than a broker, dealer, person 
     providing insurance, investment company, or investment 
     adviser), by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
     System; and
       (C) a bank, the deposits of which are insured by the 
     Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than a member of 
     the Federal Reserve System), an insured State branch of a 
     foreign bank, or any subsidiary thereof (other than a broker, 
     dealer, person providing insurance, investment company, or 
     investment adviser), by the Board of Directors of the Federal 
     Deposit Insurance Corporation;
       (2) the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.), 
     by the National Credit Union Administration Board with 
     respect to any federally insured credit union;
       (3) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et 
     seq.), by the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect 
     to any broker or dealer;
       (4) the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et 
     seq.), by the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect 
     to any investment company;
       (5) the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80b-1 et 
     seq.), by the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect 
     to any investment adviser registered with the Securities and 
     Exchange Commission under that Act;
       (6) the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), by the 
     Commodity Futures Trading Commission with respect to any 
     futures commission merchant, commodity trading advisor, 
     commodity pool operator, or introducing broker;
       (7) the provisions of title XIII of the Housing and 
     Community Development Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.), 
     by the Director of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (and 
     any successor to such functional regulatory agency) with 
     respect to the Federal National Mortgage Association, the 
     Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and any other entity 
     or enterprise (as defined in that title) subject to the 
     jurisdiction of such functional regulatory agency under that 
     title, including any affiliate of any such enterprise;
       (8) State insurance law, in the case of any person engaged 
     in providing insurance, by the applicable State insurance 
     authority of the State in which the person is domiciled; and
       (9) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 
     seq.), by the Commission for any other covered entity that is 
     not subject to the jurisdiction of any agency or authority 
     described under paragraphs (1) through (8).
       (b) Extension of Federal Trade Commission Enforcement 
     Authority.--The authority of the Commission to enforce 
     compliance with section 803, and the regulations required 
     under section 804, under subsection (a)(8) shall--
       (1) notwithstanding the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 
     U.S.C. App. 1301 et seq.), include the authority to enforce 
     compliance by air carriers and foreign air carriers; and
       (2) notwithstanding the Packers and Stockyards Act (7 
     U.S.C. 181 et seq.), include the authority to enforce 
     compliance by persons, partnerships, and corporations subject 
     to the provisions of that Act.
       (c) No Private Right of Action.--
       (1) In general.--This title, and the regulations prescribed 
     under this title, may not be construed to provide a private 
     right of action, including a class action with respect to any 
     act or practice regulated under this title.
       (2) Civil and criminal actions.--No civil or criminal 
     action relating to any act or practice governed under this 
     title, or the regulations prescribed under this title, shall 
     be commenced or maintained in any State court or under State 
     law, including a pendent State claim to an action under 
     Federal law.

     SEC. 806. PROTECTION OF INFORMATION AT FEDERAL AGENCIES.

       (a) Data Security Standards.--Each agency shall implement 
     appropriate standards relating to administrative, technical, 
     and physical safeguards--
       (1) to insure the security and confidentiality of the 
     sensitive account information and sensitive personal 
     information that is maintained or is being communicated by, 
     or on behalf of, that agency;
       (2) to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards 
     to the security of such information; and
       (3) to protect against misuse of such information, which 
     could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to a 
     consumer.
       (b) Security Breach Notification Standards.--Each agency 
     shall implement appropriate standards providing for 
     notification of consumers when such agency determines that 
     sensitive account information or sensitive personal 
     information that is maintained or is being communicated by, 
     or on behalf of, such agency--
       (1) has been acquired without authorization; and
       (2) is reasonably likely to be misused in a manner causing 
     substantial harm or inconvenience to the consumers to whom 
     the information relates.

     SEC. 807. RELATION TO STATE LAW.

       No requirement or prohibition may be imposed under the laws 
     of any State with respect to the responsibilities of any 
     person to--
       (1) protect the security of information relating to 
     consumers that is maintained or communicated by, or on behalf 
     of, such person;
       (2) safeguard information relating to consumers from 
     potential misuse;
       (3) investigate or provide notice of the unauthorized 
     access to information relating to consumers, or the potential 
     misuse of such information for fraudulent, illegal, or other 
     purposes; or
       (4) mitigate any loss or harm resulting from the 
     unauthorized access or misuse of information relating to 
     consumers.

     SEC. 808. DELAYED EFFECTIVE DATE FOR CERTAIN PROVISIONS.

       (a) Covered Entities.--Sections 803 and 807 shall take 
     effect on the later of--
       (1) 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act; or
       (2) the effective date of the final regulations required 
     under section 804.
       (b) Agencies.--Section 806 shall take effect 1 year after 
     the date of enactment of this Act.

[[Page S5681]]

                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2642. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3406, to authorize the extension of 
nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations treatment) to 
products of the Russian Federation and Moldova, to require reports on 
the compliance of the Russian Federation with its obligations as a 
member of the World Trade Organization, and to impose sanctions on 
persons responsible for gross violations of human rights, and for other 
purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 25, line 14, insert ``or any other foreign 
     government'' before the semicolon.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2643. Mr. JOHNSON of Wisconsin submitted an amendment intended to 
be proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and 
resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United 
States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 8, after line 22, insert the following:

     SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), 
     this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not take 
     effect until the date on which the Congressional Budget 
     Office submits to Congress a report regarding the budgetary 
     effects of this Act.
       (b) CBO Score.--
       (1) Report.--The Congressional Budget Office shall submit 
     to Congress a report regarding the budgetary effects of this 
     Act.
       (2) Effective date.--Paragraph (1) shall take effect on the 
     date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2644. Mr. TOOMEY (for himself, Ms. Snowe, Mr. DeMint, Mr. Blunt, 
Mr. Rubio, and Mr. Heller) submitted an amendment intended to be 
proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and 
resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United 
States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

           TITLE VIII--DATA SECURITY AND BREACH NOTIFICATION

     SEC. 801. REQUIREMENTS FOR INFORMATION SECURITY.

       Each covered entity shall take reasonable measures to 
     protect and secure data in electronic form containing 
     personal information.

     SEC. 802. NOTIFICATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY BREACH.

       (a) Notification.--
       (1) In general.--A covered entity that owns or licenses 
     data in electronic form containing personal information shall 
     give notice of any breach of the security of the system 
     following discovery by the covered entity of the breach of 
     the security of the system to each individual who is a 
     citizen or resident of the United States whose personal 
     information was or that the covered entity reasonably 
     believes to have been accessed and acquired by an 
     unauthorized person and that the covered entity reasonably 
     believes has caused or will cause, identity theft or other 
     financial harm.
       (2) Law enforcement.--A covered entity shall notify the 
     Secret Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the 
     fact that a breach of security has occurred if the number of 
     individuals whose personal information the covered entity 
     reasonably believes to have been accessed and acquired by an 
     unauthorized person exceeds 10,000.
       (b) Special Notification Requirements.--
       (1) Third-party agents.--
       (A) In general.--In the event of a breach of security of a 
     system maintained by a third-party entity that has been 
     contracted to maintain, store, or process data in electronic 
     form containing personal information on behalf of a covered 
     entity who owns or possesses such data, such third-party 
     entity shall notify such covered entity of the breach of 
     security.
       (B) Covered entities who receive notice from third 
     parties.--Upon receiving notification from a third party 
     under subparagraph (A), a covered entity shall provide 
     notification as required under subsection (a).
       (C) Exception for service providers.--A service provider 
     shall not be considered a third-party agent for purposes of 
     this paragraph.
       (2) Service providers.--
       (A) In general.--If a service provider becomes aware of a 
     breach of security involving data in electronic form 
     containing personal information that is owned or possessed by 
     a covered entity that connects to or uses a system or network 
     provided by the service provider for the purpose of 
     transmitting, routing, or providing intermediate or transient 
     storage of such data, such service provider shall notify the 
     covered entity who initiated such connection, transmission, 
     routing, or storage if such covered entity can be reasonably 
     identified.
       (B) Covered entities who receive notice from service 
     providers.--Upon receiving notification from a service 
     provider under subparagraph (A), a covered entity shall 
     provide notification as required under subsection (a).
       (c) Timeliness of Notification.--
       (1) In general.--Unless subject to a delay authorized under 
     paragraph (2), a notification required under subsection (a) 
     with respect to a security breach shall be made as 
     expeditiously as practicable and without unreasonable delay, 
     consistent with any measures necessary to determine the scope 
     of the security breach and restore the reasonable integrity 
     of the data system that was breached.
       (2) Delay of notification authorized for law enforcement or 
     national security purposes.--
       (A) Law enforcement.--If a Federal law enforcement agency 
     determines that the notification required under subsection 
     (a) would impede a civil or criminal investigation, such 
     notification shall be delayed upon the written request of the 
     law enforcement agency for any period which the law 
     enforcement agency determines is reasonably necessary. A law 
     enforcement agency may, by a subsequent written request, 
     revoke such delay or extend the period set forth in the 
     original request made under this subparagraph by a subsequent 
     request if further delay is necessary.
       (B) National security.--If a Federal national security 
     agency or homeland security agency determines that the 
     notification required under this section would threaten 
     national or homeland security, such notification may be 
     delayed upon the written request of the national security 
     agency or homeland security agency for any period which the 
     national security agency or homeland security agency 
     determines is reasonably necessary. A Federal national 
     security agency or homeland security agency may revoke such 
     delay or extend the period set forth in the original request 
     made under this subparagraph by a subsequent written request 
     if further delay is necessary.
       (d) Method and Content of Notification.--
       (1) Direct notification.--
       (A) Method of notification.--A covered entity required to 
     provide notification to an individual under subsection (a) 
     shall be in compliance with such requirement if the covered 
     entity provides such notice by one of the following methods:
       (i) Written notification, sent to the postal address of the 
     individual in the records of the covered entity.
       (ii) Telephone.
       (iii) Email or other electronic means.
       (B) Content of notification.--Regardless of the method by 
     which notification is provided to an individual under 
     subparagraph (A) with respect to a security breach, such 
     notification, to the extent practicable, shall include--
       (i) the date, estimated date, or estimated date range of 
     the breach of security;
       (ii) a description of the personal information that was 
     accessed and acquired, or reasonably believed to have been 
     accessed and acquired, by an unauthorized person as a part of 
     the security breach; and
       (iii) information that the individual can use to contact 
     the covered entity to inquire about--

       (I) the breach of security; or
       (II) the information the covered entity maintained about 
     that individual.

       (2) Substitute notification.--
       (A) Circumstances giving rise to substitute notification.--
     A covered entity required to provide notification to an 
     individual under subsection (a) may provide substitute 
     notification in lieu of the direct notification required by 
     paragraph (1) if such direct notification is not feasible due 
     to--
       (i) excessive cost to the covered entity required to 
     provide such notification relative to the resources of such 
     covered entity; or
       (ii) lack of sufficient contact information for the 
     individual required to be notified.
       (B) Form of substitute notification.--Such substitute 
     notification shall include at least one of the following:
       (i) A conspicuous notice on the Internet Web site of the 
     covered entity (if such covered entity maintains such a Web 
     site).
       (ii) Notification in print and to broadcast media, 
     including major media in metropolitan and rural areas where 
     the individuals whose personal information was acquired 
     reside.
       (e) Treatment of Persons Governed by Other Federal Law.--
     Except as provided in section 4(b), a covered entity who is 
     in compliance with any other Federal law that requires such 
     covered entity to provide notification to individuals 
     following a breach of security shall be deemed to be in 
     compliance with this section.

     SEC. 803. APPLICATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

       (a) General Application.--The requirements of sections 801 
     and 802 apply to--
       (1) those persons, partnerships, or corporations over which 
     the Commission has authority pursuant to section 5(a)(2) of 
     the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)); and
       (2) notwithstanding section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade 
     Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)), common carriers subject 
     to the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).
       (b) Application to Cable Operators, Satellite Operators, 
     and Telecommunications Carriers.--Sections 222, 338, and 631 
     of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222, 338, and 
     551), and any regulations promulgated thereunder, shall not 
     apply with respect to the information security practices,

[[Page S5682]]

     including practices relating to the notification of 
     unauthorized access to data in electronic form, of any 
     covered entity otherwise subject to those sections.
       (c) Enforcement by Federal Trade Commission.--
       (1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices.--A violation of 
     section 801 or 802 shall be treated as an unfair or deceptive 
     act or practice in violation of a regulation under section 
     18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 
     57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or deceptive acts or 
     practices.
       (2) Powers of commission.--
       (A) In general.--Except as provided in subsection (a), the 
     Commission shall enforce this title in the same manner, by 
     the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and 
     duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the 
     Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were 
     incorporated into and made a part of this title.
       (B) Privileges and immunities.--Any person who violates 
     section 801 or 802 shall be subject to the penalties and 
     entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in such 
     Act.
       (3) Maximum total liability.--Notwithstanding the number of 
     actions which may be brought against a covered entity under 
     this subsection, the maximum civil penalty for which any 
     covered entity may be liable under this subsection for all 
     actions shall not exceed--
       (A) $500,000 for all violations of section 801 resulting 
     from the same related act or omission; and
       (B) $500,000 for all violations of section 802 resulting 
     from a single breach of security.
       (d) No Private Cause of Action.--Nothing in this title 
     shall be construed to establish a private cause of action 
     against a person for a violation of this title.

     SEC. 804. DEFINITIONS.

       In this title:
       (1) Breach of security.--The term ``breach of security'' 
     means unauthorized access and acquisition of data in 
     electronic form containing personal information.
       (2) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal 
     Trade Commission.
       (3) Covered entity.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``covered entity'' means a sole 
     proprietorship, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, 
     cooperative, association, or other commercial entity that 
     acquires, maintains, stores, or utilizes personal 
     information.
       (B) Exemptions.--The term ``covered entity'' does not 
     include the following:
       (i) Financial institutions subject to title V of the Gramm-
     Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6801 et seq.).
       (ii) An entity covered by the regulations issued under 
     section 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and 
     Accountability Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-191) to the extent 
     that such entity is subject to the requirements of such 
     regulations with respect to protected health information.
       (4) Data in electronic form.--The term ``data in electronic 
     form'' means any data stored electronically or digitally on 
     any computer system or other database and includes recordable 
     tapes and other mass storage devices.
       (5) Personal information.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``personal information'' means an 
     individual's first name or first initial and last name in 
     combination with any one or more of the following data 
     elements for that individual:
       (i) Social Security number.
       (ii) Driver's license number, passport number, military 
     identification number, or other similar number issued on a 
     government document used to verify identity.
       (iii) Financial account number, or credit or debit card 
     number, and any required security code, access code, or 
     password that is necessary to permit access to an 
     individual's financial account.
       (B) Exclusions.--
       (i) Public record information.--Personal information does 
     not include information obtained about an individual which 
     has been lawfully made publicly available by a Federal, 
     State, or local government entity or widely distributed by 
     media.
       (ii) Encrypted, redacted, or secured data.--Personal 
     information does not include information that is encrypted, 
     redacted, or secured by any other method or technology that 
     renders the data elements unusable.
       (6) Service provider.--The term ``service provider'' means 
     an entity that provides electronic data transmission, 
     routing, intermediate, and transient storage, or connections 
     to its system or network, where such entity providing such 
     services does not select or modify the content of the 
     electronic data, is not the sender or the intended recipient 
     of the data, and does not differentiate personal information 
     from other information that such entity transmits, routes, 
     stores, or for which such entity provides connections. Any 
     such entity shall be treated as a service provider under this 
     title only to the extent that it is engaged in the provision 
     of such transmission, routing, intermediate and transient 
     storage, or connections.

     SEC. 805. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

       This title preempts any law, rule, regulation, requirement, 
     standard, or other provision having the force and effect of 
     law of any State, or political subdivision of a State, 
     relating to the protection or security of data in electronic 
     form containing personal information or the notification of a 
     breach of security.

     SEC. 806. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       This title shall take effect on the date that is 1 year 
     after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2645. Mr. BINGAMAN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed 
by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of 
the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which 
was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of the bill, add the following:

                    TITLE VIII--GRID CYBER SECURITY

     SEC. 801. SHORT TITLE.

       This title may be cited as the ``Grid Cyber Security Act''.

     SEC. 802. CRITICAL ELECTRIC INFRASTRUCTURE.

       Part II of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824 et seq.) is 
     amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 224. CRITICAL ELECTRIC INFRASTRUCTURE.

       ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
       ``(1) Critical electric infrastructure.--The term `critical 
     electric infrastructure' means systems and assets, whether 
     physical or virtual, used for the generation, transmission, 
     or distribution of electric energy affecting interstate 
     commerce that, as determined by the Commission or the 
     Secretary (as appropriate), are so vital to the United States 
     that the incapacity or destruction of the systems and assets 
     would have a debilitating impact on national security, 
     national economic security, or national public health or 
     safety.
       ``(2) Critical electric infrastructure information.--The 
     term `critical electric infrastructure information' means 
     critical infrastructure information relating to critical 
     electric infrastructure.
       ``(3) Critical infrastructure information.--The term 
     `critical infrastructure information' has the meaning given 
     the term in section 212 of the Critical Infrastructure 
     Information Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 131).
       ``(4) Cyber security threat.--The term `cyber security 
     threat' means the imminent danger of an act that disrupts, 
     attempts to disrupt, or poses a significant risk of 
     disrupting the operation of programmable electronic devices 
     or communications networks (including hardware, software, and 
     data) essential to the reliable operation of critical 
     electric infrastructure.
       ``(5) Cyber security vulnerability.--The term `cyber 
     security vulnerability' means a weakness or flaw in the 
     design or operation of any programmable electronic device or 
     communication network that exposes critical electric 
     infrastructure to a cyber security threat.
       ``(6) Electric reliability organization.--The term 
     `Electric Reliability Organization' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 215(a).
       ``(7) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
     of Energy.
       ``(b) Authority of Commission.--
       ``(1) Initial determination.--Not later than 120 days after 
     the date of enactment of this section, the Commission shall 
     determine whether reliability standards established pursuant 
     to section 215 are adequate to protect critical electric 
     infrastructure from cyber security vulnerabilities.
       ``(2) Initial order.--Unless the Commission determines that 
     the reliability standards established pursuant to section 215 
     are adequate to protect critical electric infrastructure from 
     cyber security vulnerabilities within 120 days after the date 
     of enactment of this section, the Commission shall order the 
     Electric Reliability Organization to submit to the 
     Commission, not later than 180 days after the date of 
     issuance of the order, a proposed reliability standard or a 
     modification to a reliability standard that will provide 
     adequate protection of critical electric infrastructure from 
     cyber security vulnerabilities.
       ``(3) Subsequent determinations and orders.--If at any time 
     following the issuance of the initial order under paragraph 
     (2) the Commission determines that the reliability standards 
     established pursuant to section 215 are inadequate to protect 
     critical electric infrastructure from a cyber security 
     vulnerability, the Commission shall order the Electric 
     Reliability Organization to submit to the Commission, not 
     later than 180 days after the date of the determination, a 
     proposed reliability standard or a modification to a 
     reliability standard that will provide adequate protection of 
     critical electric infrastructure from the cyber security 
     vulnerability.
       ``(4) Reliability standards.--Any proposed reliability 
     standard or modification to a reliability standard submitted 
     pursuant to paragraph (2) or (3) shall be developed and 
     approved in accordance with section 215(d).
       ``(5) Additional time.--The Commission may, by order, grant 
     the Electric Reliability Organization reasonable additional 
     time to submit a proposed reliability standard or a 
     modification to a reliability standard under paragraph (2) or 
     (3).
       ``(c) Emergency Authority of Secretary.--
       ``(1) In general.--If the Secretary determines that 
     immediate action is necessary to protect critical electric 
     infrastructure from a cyber security threat, the Secretary 
     may require, by order, with or without notice, persons 
     subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under this 
     section to take such actions as the Secretary determines will 
     best avert or mitigate the cyber security threat.

[[Page S5683]]

       ``(2) Coordination with canada and mexico.--In exercising 
     the authority granted under this subsection, the Secretary is 
     encouraged to consult and coordinate with the appropriate 
     officials in Canada and Mexico responsible for the protection 
     of cyber security of the interconnected North American 
     electricity grid.
       ``(3) Consultation.--Before exercising the authority 
     granted under this subsection, to the extent practicable, 
     taking into account the nature of the threat and urgency of 
     need for action, the Secretary shall consult with the 
     entities described in subsection (e)(1) and with officials at 
     other Federal agencies, as appropriate, regarding 
     implementation of actions that will effectively address the 
     identified cyber security threat.
       ``(4) Cost recovery.--The Commission shall establish a 
     mechanism that permits public utilities to recover prudently 
     incurred costs required to implement immediate actions 
     ordered by the Secretary under this subsection.
       ``(d) Duration of Expedited or Emergency Rules or Orders.--
     Any order issued by the Secretary under subsection (c) shall 
     remain effective for not more than 90 days unless, during the 
     90 day-period, the Secretary--
       ``(1) gives interested persons an opportunity to submit 
     written data, views, or arguments; and
       ``(2) affirms, amends, or repeals the rule or order.
       ``(e) Jurisdiction.--
       ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 201, this 
     section shall apply to any entity that owns, controls, or 
     operates critical electric infrastructure.
       ``(2) Covered entities.--
       ``(A) In general.--An entity described in paragraph (1) 
     shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission for 
     purposes of--
       ``(i) carrying out this section; and
       ``(ii) applying the enforcement authorities of this Act 
     with respect to this section.
       ``(B) Jurisdiction.--This subsection shall not make an 
     electric utility or any other entity subject to the 
     jurisdiction of the Commission for any other purpose.
       ``(3) Alaska and hawaii excluded.--Except as provided in 
     subsection (f), nothing in this section shall apply in the 
     State of Alaska or Hawaii.
       ``(f) Defense Facilities.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Defense 
     shall prepare, in consultation with the Secretary, the States 
     of Alaska and Hawaii, the Territory of Guam, and the electric 
     utilities that serve national defense facilities in those 
     States and Territory, a comprehensive plan that identifies 
     the emergency measures or actions that will be taken to 
     protect the reliability of the electric power supply of the 
     national defense facilities located in those States and 
     Territory in the event of an imminent cybersecurity threat.
       ``(g) Protection of Critical Electric Infrastructure 
     Information.--
       ``(1) In general.--Section 214 of the Critical 
     Infrastructure Information Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 133) shall 
     apply to critical electric infrastructure information 
     submitted to the Commission or the Secretary under this 
     section, or developed by a Federal power marketing 
     administration or the Tennessee Valley Authority under this 
     section or section 215, to the same extent as that section 
     applies to critical infrastructure information voluntarily 
     submitted to the Department of Homeland Security under that 
     Act (6 U.S.C. 131 et seq.).
       ``(2) Rules prohibiting disclosure.--Notwithstanding 
     section 552 of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary and 
     the Commission shall prescribe regulations prohibiting 
     disclosure of information obtained or developed in ensuring 
     cyber security under this section if the Secretary or 
     Commission, as appropriate, decides disclosing the 
     information would be detrimental to the security of critical 
     electric infrastructure.
       ``(3) Procedures for sharing information.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Secretary and the Commission shall 
     establish procedures on the release of critical 
     infrastructure information to entities subject to this 
     section, to the extent necessary to enable the entities to 
     implement rules or orders of the Commission or the Secretary.
       ``(B) Requirements.--The procedures shall--
       ``(i) limit the redissemination of information described in 
     subparagraph (A) to ensure that the information is not used 
     for an unauthorized purpose;
       ``(ii) ensure the security and confidentiality of the 
     information;
       ``(iii) protect the constitutional and statutory rights of 
     any individuals who are subjects of the information; and
       ``(iv) provide data integrity through the timely removal 
     and destruction of obsolete or erroneous names and 
     information.
       ``(h) Access to Classified Information.--
       ``(1) Authorization required.--No person shall be provided 
     with access to classified information (as defined in section 
     6.1 of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 435 note; relating to 
     classified national security information)) relating to cyber 
     security threats or cyber security vulnerabilities under this 
     section without the appropriate security clearances.
       ``(2) Security clearances.--The appropriate Federal 
     agencies or departments shall cooperate with the Secretary or 
     the Commission, to the maximum extent practicable consistent 
     with applicable procedures and requirements, in expeditiously 
     providing appropriate security clearances to individuals that 
     have a need-to-know (as defined in section 6.1 of that 
     Executive Order) classified information to carry out this 
     section.
       ``(i) Nuclear Safety.--No order issued by the Secretary or 
     the Commission under this section, no reliability standard 
     issued or modified by the Electric Reliability Organization 
     pursuant to this section, and no temporary emergency order 
     issued by the Electric Reliability Organization under section 
     215(d)(7) shall require or authorize a licensee of the 
     Nuclear Regulatory Commission to operate a facility licensed 
     by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in a manner inconsistent 
     with the terms of the license of the facility.''.

     SEC. 803. LIMITED ADDITION OF ERO AUTHORITY FOR CRITICAL 
                   ELECTRIC INFRASTRUCTURE.

       Section 215(a)(1) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
     824o(a)(1)) is amended--
       (1) in the first sentence--
       (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses 
     (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;
       (B) by striking ``(1) The term'' and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(1) Bulk-power system.--
       ``(A) In general.--The term'';
       (C) in clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking ``and'' 
     after the semicolon at the end;
       (D) in clause (ii) (as so redesignated), by striking the 
     period at the end and inserting ``; and'';
       (E) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(iii) for purposes of section 224, facilities used for 
     the local distribution of electric energy that the Commission 
     determines to be critical electric infrastructure pursuant to 
     section 224.''; and
       (2) in the second sentence, by striking ``The term'' and 
     inserting the following:
       ``(B) Exclusion.--Except as provided in subparagraph (A), 
     the term''.

     SEC. 804. LIMITATION.

       Section 215(i) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824o(i)) 
     is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(6) Limitation.--The ERO shall have authority to develop 
     and enforce compliance with reliability standards and 
     temporary emergency orders with respect to a facility used in 
     the local distribution of electric energy only to the extent 
     the Commission determines the facility is so vital to the 
     United States that the incapacity or destruction of the 
     facility would have a debilitating impact on national 
     security, national economic security, or national public 
     health or safety.''.

     SEC. 805. TEMPORARY EMERGENCY ORDERS FOR CYBER SECURITY 
                   VULNERABILITIES.

       Section 215(d) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824o(d)) 
     is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(7) Temporary emergency orders for cyber security 
     vulnerabilities.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (6), 
     if the Commission determines that immediate action is 
     necessary to protect critical electric infrastructure for a 
     cyber security vulnerability, the Commission may, without 
     prior notice or hearing, after consulting the ERO, require 
     the ERO--
       ``(A) to develop and issue a temporary emergency order to 
     address the cyber security vulnerability;
       ``(B) to make the temporary emergency order immediately 
     effective; and
       ``(C) to keep the temporary emergency order in effect 
     until--
       ``(i) the ERO develops, and the Commission approves, a 
     final reliability standard under this section; or
       ``(ii) the Commission authorizes the ERO to withdraw the 
     temporary emergency order.''.

     SEC. 806. EMP STUDY.

       (a) DOE Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, in 
     consultation with appropriate experts at the National 
     Laboratories (as defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy 
     Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)), shall prepare and publish a 
     report that assesses the susceptibility of critical electric 
     infrastructure to electromagnetic pulse events and 
     geomagnetic disturbances.
       (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall--
       (1) examine the risk of electromagnetic pulse events and 
     geomagnetic disturbances, using both computer-based 
     simulations and experimental testing;
       (2) assess the full spectrum of possible events and 
     disturbances and the likelihood that the events and 
     disturbances would cause significant disruption to the 
     transmission and distribution of electric power; and
       (3) seek to quantify and reduce uncertainties associated 
     with estimates for electromagnetic pulse events and 
     geomagnetic disturbances.
       (c) FERC Assessment.--Not later than 1 year after 
     publication of the report under subsection (a), the Federal 
     Energy Regulatory Commission, in coordination with the 
     Secretary of Energy and in consultation with electric 
     utilities and the ERO (as defined in section 215(a) of the 
     Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824o(a)), shall submit to 
     Congress an assessment of whether and to what extent 
     infrastructure affecting the transmission of electric power 
     in interstate commerce should be hardened against 
     electromagnetic events and geomagnetic disturbances, 
     including an estimate of the costs and benefits of options to 
     harden the infrastructure.

[[Page S5684]]

     SEC. 807. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.

       The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of 
     complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go-Act of 2010, shall 
     be determined by reference to the latest statement titled 
     ``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' for this Act, 
     submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the 
     Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, provided that such 
     statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2646. Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself and Mr. Kerry) submitted an 
amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to 
enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications 
infrastructure of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the 
table; as follows:

       At the end of title III, add the following:

     SEC. 305. CYBERSECURITY UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY TASK FORCE.

       (a) Establishment of University-industry Task Force.--Not 
     later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
     the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
     shall convene a task force to explore mechanisms for carrying 
     out collaborative research, development, education, and 
     training activities for cybersecurity through a consortium, 
     or other appropriate entity, with participants from 
     institutions of higher education and industry.
       (b) Functions.--The task force established under subsection 
     (a) shall--
       (1) develop options for a collaborative model and an 
     organizational structure for such entity under which the 
     joint research and development activities could be planned, 
     managed, and conducted effectively, including mechanisms for 
     the allocation of resources among the participants in the 
     consortium;
       (2) propose a process for developing a research and 
     development agenda for such entity, including guidelines to 
     ensure an appropriate scope of work focused on nationally 
     significant challenges and requiring collaboration;
       (3) define the roles and responsibilities for the 
     participants from institutions of higher education and 
     industry in such entity;
       (4) propose guidelines for assigning intellectual property 
     rights and for the transfer of research and development 
     results to the private sector; and
       (5) make recommendations for how such entity could be 
     funded from Federal, State, and nongovernmental sources.
       (c) Composition.--In establishing the task force under 
     subsection (a), the Director of the Office of Science and 
     Technology Policy shall appoint an equal number of 
     individuals from institutions of higher education, including 
     minority-serving institutions and community colleges, and 
     from industry with knowledge and expertise in cybersecurity.
       (d) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science 
     and Technology Policy shall transmit to the Congress a report 
     describing the findings and recommendations of the task force 
     established under subsection (a).
       (e) Termination.--The task force established under 
     subsection (a) shall terminate upon transmittal of the report 
     required under subsection (d).
       (f) Compensation and Expenses.--Members of the task force 
     established under subsection (a) shall serve without 
     compensation.

     SEC. 306. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 
                   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

       (a) NIST Cybersecurity Checklists, Configuration Profiles, 
     and Deployment Recommendations.--Subsection (c) of section 8 
     of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 
     7406) is amended to read as follows:
       ``(c) Security Automation and Checklists for Government 
     Systems.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
     of Standards and Technology shall develop, and revise as 
     necessary, security automation standards, associated 
     reference materials (including protocols), and checklists 
     providing settings and option selections that minimize the 
     security risks associated with each information technology 
     hardware or software system and security tool that is, or is 
     likely to become, widely used within the Federal Government 
     in order to enable standardized and interoperable 
     technologies, architectures, and frameworks for continuous 
     monitoring of information security within the Federal 
     Government.
       ``(2) Priorities for development, identification, revision, 
     and adaptation.--The Director of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology shall establish priorities for the 
     development of standards, reference materials, and checklists 
     under this subsection on the basis of--
       ``(A) the security risks associated with the use of each 
     system;
       ``(B) the number of agencies that use a particular system 
     or security tool;
       ``(C) the usefulness of the standards, reference materials, 
     or checklists to Federal agencies that are users or potential 
     users of the system;
       ``(D) the effectiveness of the associated standard, 
     reference material, or checklist in creating or enabling 
     continuous monitoring of information security; or
       ``(E) such other factors as the Director of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology determines to be 
     appropriate.
       ``(3) Excluded systems.--The Director of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology may exclude from the 
     requirements of paragraph (1) any information technology 
     hardware or software system or security tool for which such 
     Director determines that the development of a standard, 
     reference material, or checklist is inappropriate because of 
     the infrequency of use of the system, the obsolescence of the 
     system, or the inutility or impracticability of developing a 
     standard, reference material, or checklist for the system.
       ``(4) Dissemination of checklists, configuration profiles, 
     and deployment recommendations.--The Director of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology shall ensure that 
     Federal agencies are informed of the availability of any 
     standard, reference material, checklist, or other item 
     developed under this subsection.
       ``(5) Agency use requirements.--The development of 
     standards, reference materials, and checklists under 
     paragraph (1) for an information technology hardware or 
     software system or tool does not--
       ``(A) require any Federal agency to select the specific 
     settings or options recommended by the standard, reference 
     material, or checklist for the system;
       ``(B) establish conditions or prerequisites for Federal 
     agency procurement or deployment of any such system;
       ``(C) imply an endorsement of any such system by the 
     Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology; or
       ``(D) preclude any Federal agency from procuring or 
     deploying other information technology hardware or software 
     systems for which no such standard, reference material, or 
     checklist has been developed, or identified under paragraph 
     (1).''.
       (b) NIST Cybersecurity Research and Development.--Section 
     20 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
     (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is amended by redesignating subsection (e) 
     as subsection (f), and by inserting after subsection (d) the 
     following:
       ``(e) Intramural Security Research.--As part of the 
     research activities conducted in accordance with subsection 
     (d)(3), the Institute shall--
       ``(1) conduct a research program to develop a unifying and 
     standardized identity, privilege, and access control 
     management framework for the execution of a wide variety of 
     resource protection policies and that is amenable to 
     implementation within a wide variety of existing and emerging 
     computing environments;
       ``(2) carry out research associated with improving the 
     security of information systems and networks;
       ``(3) carry out research associated with improving the 
     testing, measurement, usability, and assurance of information 
     systems and networks; and
       ``(4) carry out research associated with improving security 
     of industrial control systems.''.
       (c) NIST Identity Management Research and Development.--The 
     Director shall continue a program to support the development 
     of technical standards, metrology, testbeds, and conformance 
     criteria, taking into account appropriate user concerns--
       (1) to improve interoperability among identity management 
     technologies;
       (2) to strengthen authentication methods of identity 
     management systems;
       (3) to improve privacy protection in identity management 
     systems, including health information technology systems, 
     through authentication and security protocols; and
       (4) to improve the usability of identity management 
     systems.
       (d) Federal Government Cloud Computing Strategy.--
       (1) In general.--The Director, in collaboration with the 
     Federal Chief Information Officers Council, and in 
     consultation with other relevant Federal agencies and 
     stakeholders from the private sector, shall continue to 
     develop and encourage the implementation of a comprehensive 
     strategy for the use and adoption of cloud computing services 
     by the Federal Government.
       (2) Activities.--In carrying out the strategy developed 
     under subsection (a), the Director shall give consideration 
     to activities that--
       (A) accelerate the development, in collaboration with the 
     private sector, of standards that address interoperability 
     and portability of cloud computing services;
       (B) advance the development of conformance testing 
     performed by the private sector in support of cloud computing 
     standardization; and
       (C) support, in consultation with the private sector, the 
     development of appropriate security frameworks and reference 
     materials, and the identification of best practices, for use 
     by Federal agencies to address security and privacy 
     requirements to enable the use and adoption of cloud 
     computing services, including activities--
       (i) to ensure the physical security of cloud computing data 
     centers and the data stored in such centers;
       (ii) to ensure secure access to the data stored in cloud 
     computing data centers;
       (iii) to develop security standards as required under 
     section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3); and
       (iv) to support the development of the automation of 
     continuous monitoring systems.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2647. Ms. SNOWE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
her to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the

[[Page S5685]]

security and resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure 
of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as 
follows:

       At the appropriate place, insert the following:

     SEC. __. SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY AND SECURITY FUND.

       (a) Retention of Unused Funds.--Section 118(d)(4) of the 
     National Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 928(d)(4)) is amended by striking 
     ``8 years'' and inserting ``20 years''.
       (b) Use of Fund for Planning and Research.--
       (1) In general.--Section 118(c) of the National 
     Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 928(c)) is amended to read as 
     follows:
       ``(c) Uses of Funds.--The amounts in the Fund are 
     authorized to be used--
       ``(1) to pay relocation costs;
       ``(2) to fund planning and research with the goal of 
     improving the efficiency of Federal use of spectrum and 
     security of Federal wireless networks and systems; and
       ``(3) to cover the costs of eligible Federal entities to 
     upgrade their equipment and facilities as long as such 
     upgrades include spectrum sharing, reuse, and layering, and 
     result in more efficient use of spectrum and more secure 
     networks and systems by such entities.''.
       (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 118(d)(2) of the 
     National Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 928(d)(2)) is amended, in the 
     matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ``to pay 
     relocation costs'' after ``subsection''.
       (c) National Science Foundation.--Section 118(e) of the 
     National Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 928(e)) is amended by adding at 
     the end the following:
       ``(3) Eligible federal entity; national science 
     foundation.--In this section, the term `eligible Federal 
     entity' shall include the National Science Foundation. As an 
     eligible Federal entity, the National Science Foundation may 
     submit to the Director of OMB requests for funds under this 
     section to support spectrum research and experimental 
     facilities by the Foundation, provided that such requests 
     have, in the determination of the Director of OMB, in 
     consultation with the NTIA, clear benefits to existing and 
     future Federal users of spectrum. The Director of OMB shall 
     give priority to research that improves spectral efficiency 
     or security of wireless network or systems.''.
       (d) Spectrum Efficiency and Security Fund.--
       (1) In general.--Section 118 of the National 
     Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 928) is amended--
       (A) in the section heading, by striking ``spectrum 
     relocation fund'' and inserting ``spectrum efficiency and 
     security fund''; and
       (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``Spectrum Relocation 
     Fund'' and inserting ``Spectrum Efficiency and Security 
     Fund''.
       (2) Technical and conforming amendments.--
       (A) Communications act of 1934.--Section 309(j)(8)(D) of 
     the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 309(j)(8)(D)) is 
     amended--
       (i) in clause (i), by striking ``Spectrum Relocation Fund'' 
     and inserting ``Spectrum Efficiency and Security Fund''; and
       (ii) in clause (ii), in the first sentence, by striking 
     ``Spectrum Relocation Fund'' and inserting ``Spectrum 
     Efficiency and Security Fund''.
       (B) National telecommunications and information 
     administration organization act.--Section 113 of the National 
     Telecommunications and Information Administration 
     Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 923) is amended--
       (i) in subsection (g)(3), in the first sentence, by 
     striking ``Spectrum Relocation Fund'' and inserting 
     ``Spectrum Efficiency and Security Fund''; and
       (ii) in subsection (h)(2)(G)(i), by striking ``Spectrum 
     Relocation Fund'' and inserting ``Spectrum Efficiency and 
     Security Fund''.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2648. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

     SEC. 801. ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN ECONOMIC OR INDUSTRIAL 
                   ESPIONAGE IN CYBERSPACE.

       (a) Report Required.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the 
     Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the 
     appropriate congressional committees a report on foreign 
     economic and industrial espionage in cyberspace during the 
     12-month period preceding the submission of the report that--
       (A) identifies--
       (i) foreign countries that engage in economic or industrial 
     espionage in cyberspace with respect to trade secrets owned 
     by United States persons;
       (ii) foreign countries identified under clause (i) that the 
     Director determines engage in the most egregious economic or 
     industrial espionage in cyberspace with respect to trade 
     secrets owned by United States persons (in this section 
     referred to as ``priority foreign countries'');
       (iii) technologies developed by United States persons 
     that--

       (I) are targeted for economic or industrial espionage in 
     cyberspace; and
       (II) to the extent practicable, have been appropriated 
     through such espionage; and

       (iv) articles manufactured or otherwise produced using 
     technologies described in clause (iii);
       (B) describes the economic or industrial espionage engaged 
     in by the foreign countries identified under subparagraph 
     (A); and
       (C) describes--
       (i) actions taken by the Director and other Federal 
     agencies to decrease the prevalence of economic or industrial 
     espionage in cyberspace; and
       (ii) the progress made in decreasing the prevalence of 
     economic or industrial espionage in cyberspace.
       (2) Determination of foreign countries engaging in economic 
     or industrial espionage in cyberspace.--For purposes of 
     paragraph (1)(A), the Director shall identify a foreign 
     country as a foreign country that engages in economic or 
     industrial espionage in cyberspace with respect to trade 
     secrets owned by United States persons if the government of 
     the foreign country--
       (A) engages in economic or industrial espionage in 
     cyberspace with respect to trade secrets owned by United 
     States persons; or
       (B) facilitates, supports, fails to prosecute, or otherwise 
     tolerates such espionage by--
       (i) individuals who are citizens or residents of the 
     foreign country; or
       (ii) entities that are organized under the laws of the 
     foreign country or are otherwise subject to the jurisdiction 
     of the government of the foreign country.
       (3) Form of report.--Each report required by paragraph (1) 
     shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a 
     classified annex.
       (b) Referral to United States International Trade 
     Commission.--The Director of National Intelligence shall 
     refer the report required by subsection (a) to the United 
     States International Trade Commission for appropriate action 
     under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1337).
       (c) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
     ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
       (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 
     Finance, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
     Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
       (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Homeland Security, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
     Committee on Ways and Means, and the Permanent Select 
     Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
       (2) Cyberspace.--The term ``cyberspace''--
       (A) means the interdependent network of information 
     technology infrastructures; and
       (B) includes the Internet, telecommunications networks, 
     computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers.
       (3) Economic or industrial espionage.--The term ``economic 
     or industrial espionage'' means--
       (A) stealing a trade secret or appropriating, taking, 
     carrying away, or concealing, or by fraud, artifice, or 
     deception obtaining, a trade secret without the authorization 
     of the owner of the trade secret;
       (B) copying, duplicating, downloading, uploading, 
     destroying, transmitting, delivering, sending, communicating, 
     or conveying a trade secret without the authorization of the 
     owner of the trade secret; or
       (C) knowingly receiving, buying, or possessing a trade 
     secret that has been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or 
     converted without the authorization of the owner of the trade 
     secret.
       (4) Own.--The term ``own'', with respect to a trade secret, 
     means to hold rightful legal or equitable title to, or 
     license in, the trade secret.
       (5) Person.--The term ``person'' means an individual or 
     entity.
       (6) Technology.--The term ``technology'' has the meaning 
     given that term in section 16 of the Export Administration 
     Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) (as in effect pursuant to 
     the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
     1701 et seq.)).
       (7) Trade secret.--The term ``trade secret'' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 1839 of title 18, United 
     States Code.
       (8) United states person.--The term ``United States 
     person'' means--
       (A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States or 
     an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the 
     United States; or
       (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States 
     or any jurisdiction within the United States.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2649. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title VII, add the following:

     SEC. 709. REPORTS TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ON PENETRATIONS OF 
                   NETWORKS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF CERTAIN 
                   CONTRACTORS.

       (a) Process for Reporting Penetrations.--The Under 
     Secretary of Defense for

[[Page S5686]]

     Intelligence shall, in coordination with the officials 
     specified in subsection (c), establish a process by which 
     cleared defense contractors shall report to elements of the 
     Department of Defense designated by the Under Secretary for 
     purposes of the process when a network or information system 
     of such contractors designated pursuant to subsection (b) is 
     successfully penetrated.
       (b) Designation of Networks and Information Systems.--The 
     Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence shall, in 
     coordination with the officials specified in subsection (c), 
     establish criteria for designating the cleared defense 
     contractors' networks or information systems that contain or 
     process information created by or for the Department of 
     Defense to be subject to the reporting process established 
     pursuant to subsection (a).
       (c) Officials.--The officials specified in this subsection 
     are the following:
       (1) The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.
       (2) The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, 
     Technology, and Logistics.
       (3) The Chief Information Officer of the Department of 
     Defense.
       (4) The Commander of the United States Cyber Command.
       (d) Process Requirements.--
       (1) Rapid reporting.--The process required by subsection 
     (a) shall provide for rapid reporting by contractors of 
     successful penetrations of designated network or information 
     systems.
       (2) Report elements.--The report by a contractor on a 
     successful penetration of a designated network or information 
     system under the process shall include the following:
       (A) A description of the technique or method used in the 
     penetration.
       (B) A sample of the malicious software, if discovered and 
     isolated by the contractor.
       (3) Access.--The process shall include mechanisms by which 
     Department of Defense personnel may, upon request, obtain 
     access to equipment or information of a contractor necessary 
     to conduct a forensic analysis to determine whether 
     information created by or for the Department in connection 
     with any Department program was successfully exfiltrated from 
     a network or information system of the contractor and, if so, 
     what information was exfiltrated.
       (e) Cleared Defense Contractor Defined.--In this section, 
     the term ``cleared defense contractor'' means a private 
     entity granted clearance by the Defense Security Service to 
     receive and store classified information for the purpose of 
     bidding for a contract or conducting activities under a 
     contract with the Department of Defense.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2650. Mr. UDALL of Colorado submitted an amendment intended to be 
proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and 
resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United 
States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title IV, add the following:

     SEC. 416. CYBER TRAINING AND RESEARCH AT THE UNITED STATES 
                   AIR FORCE ACADEMY, COLORADO.

       (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
       (1) The training of cyber security leaders is a critical 
     function of the United States Air Force Academy.
       (2) The Center for Cyberspace Research at the United States 
     Air Force Academy has been instrumental in educating and 
     developing highly skilled cyber innovators for the Department 
     of Defense.
       (3) The Center for Cyberspace Research benefits greatly 
     from interagency funding, information-sharing, and other 
     collaboration, and it is in the national interest that such 
     funding, information-sharing and collaboration continue.
       (4) The Cyber Training Range operated by the Computer 
     Science Department at the United States Air Force Academy 
     provides realistic cyber training for cadets that will 
     benefit the entire Air Force.
       (5) The establishment of a civilian director for the 
     Cyberspace Research Center and the Cyber Training Range as 
     permanent faculty positions at the United States Air Force 
     Academy will help assure that the Center and Range are both 
     maintained and staffed with highly-experienced cyber experts.
       (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
     the partner organizations for the Center for Cyberspace 
     Research and the Cyber Training Range, including the Air 
     Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the Defense 
     Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), the Defense 
     Information Assurance Program (DIAP) of the Department of 
     Defense, the National Security Agency, and the National 
     Reconnaissance Office, maintain their funding, information-
     sharing, and other collaborative commitments to the Center 
     for Cyberspace Research and the Cyber Training Range.
       (c) Civilian Director for Center for Cyberspace Research.--
       (1) In general.--The head of the Center for Cyberspace 
     Research at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado, 
     shall be the Director of the Center for Cyberspace Research, 
     who shall be a civilian employee of the Air Force.
       (2) Permanent billet in excepted service.--The position of 
     Director of the Center for Cyberspace Research shall be a 
     permanent civilian billet in the excepted service (as that 
     term is defined in section 2103(a) of title 5, United States 
     Code).
       (3) Pay grade.--The level of pay of the person serving in 
     the position of Director of the Center for Cyberspace 
     Research shall be a level of pay not below that payable for 
     paygrade GS-14 of the General Schedule.
       (d) Civilian Director for Cyber Training Range.--
       (1) In general.--The head of the Cyber Training Range in 
     the Computer Science Department of the United States Air 
     Force Academy, Colorado, shall be the Director of the Cyber 
     Training Range, who shall be a civilian employee of Air 
     Force.
       (2) Permanent billet in excepted service.--The position of 
     Director of the Cyber Training Range shall be a permanent 
     civilian billet in the excepted service (as so defined).
       (3) Pay grade.--The level of pay of the person serving in 
     the position of Director of the Cyber Training Range shall be 
     a level of pay not below that payable for paygrade GS-12 of 
     the General Schedule.
       (e) Amounts Available for Pay.--Amounts for the pay and 
     allowances of the directors covered by subsections (c) and 
     (d) shall be derived from amounts available to the Air Force 
     for the pay and allowances of civilian employees of the Air 
     Force.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2651. Mr. UDALL of Colorado submitted an amendment intended to be 
proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and 
resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United 
States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title IV, add the following:

     SEC. 416. REPORT ON DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, SECURITY, AND 
                   AVAILABILITY OF EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE 
                   TRANSFORMERS.

       (a) Finding.--Based on reports provided by the Department 
     of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security, Congress 
     finds that the lack of a secured stockpile of domestically-
     produced Extra High Voltage (EHV) transformers, and the 
     current manufacturing backlog for Extra High Voltage 
     transformers in the United States, are likely to contribute 
     to extended blackouts and power shortages in the event of a 
     physical or network-based attack on the electric power 
     infrastructure of the United States.
       (b) Report.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
     the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, in 
     collaboration with the Secretary of Defense, submit to the 
     appropriate committees of Congress a report on the domestic 
     production, security, and availability of Extra High Voltage 
     transformers.
       (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
     include the following:
       (A) An assessment whether the number of Extra High Voltage 
     transformers currently held in reserve by utilities and 
     public and private manufacturers in the United States is 
     sufficient, and is secured in a manner adequate, to maintain 
     national security operations in the event of loss or damage 
     to multiple Extra High Voltage transformers in the United 
     States, Canada, or Mexico.
       (B) An identification and assessment of the risks 
     associated with having no spare Extra High Voltage 
     transformers stockpiled and securely stored for national 
     security purposes.
       (C) An estimate of the time that national security 
     operations would be negatively impacted if two or more Extra 
     High Voltage transformers in the United States were destroyed 
     by cyber attack, physical attack, or a natural disaster.
       (D) An estimate of the feasability and cost of establishing 
     a stockpile of not fewer than 30, and as many 60, Extra High 
     Voltage transformers at disbursed Department of Defense 
     installations or other national security locations in the 
     continental United States.
       (E) Recommendation as to the best locations to store Extra 
     High Voltage transformers stockpiled as described in 
     subparagraph (D) in order to ensure security and the rapid 
     distribution of such transformers in emergency circumstances.
       (3) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be 
     submitted in unclassified form, and shall include a 
     classified annex containing a detailed description of the 
     relationship between national security functions and 
     locations of Extra High Voltage Transformers.
       (4) Appropriate committees of congress defined.--In this 
     subsection, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
     means--
       (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Committee 
     on Appropriations of the Senate; and
       (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Oversight and Reform, and the Committee on Appropriations of 
     the House of Representatives.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2652. Mr. UDALL of Colorado submitted an amendment intended to be 
proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and 
resiliency of the cyber and communications infrastructure of the United 
States; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 132, strike lines 16 through 21 and insert the 
     following:
       (2) Contents.--The strategy developed under paragraph (1) 
     shall include--

[[Page S5687]]

       (A) a 5-year plan on recruitment of personnel for the 
     Federal workforce that includes--
       (i) a description of Federal programs for identifying, 
     recruiting, training, and retaining individuals with 
     outstanding computer skills for service in the Federal 
     Government; and
       (ii) a description of any bonuses or any non-traditional or 
     non-standard recruiting practices that are employed by the 
     Federal Government to locate and recruit individuals for 
     career fields related to cybersecurity; and
       (B) a 10-year projection of Federal workforce needs that 
     includes an identification of any staffing or specialty 
     shortfalls in career fields related to cybersecurity.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2653. Mr. GRAHAM submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

                  TITLE VIII--IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM

     SEC. 801. IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM.

       (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
       (1) Since at least the late 1980s, the Government of the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran has engaged in a sustained and well-
     documented pattern of illicit and deceptive activities to 
     acquire nuclear capability.
       (2) The United Nations Security Council has adopted 
     multiple resolutions since 2006 demanding the full and 
     sustained suspension of all uranium enrichment-related and 
     reprocessing activities by the Government of the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran and its full cooperation with the 
     International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on all outstanding 
     issues related to its nuclear activities, particularly those 
     concerning the possible military dimensions of its nuclear 
     program.
       (3) On November 8, 2011, the IAEA issued an extensive 
     report that--
       (A) documents ``serious concerns regarding possible 
     military dimensions to Iran's nuclear programme'';
       (B) states that ``Iran has carried out activities relevant 
     to the development of a nuclear device''; and
       (C) states that the efforts described in paragraphs (1) and 
     (2) may be ongoing.
       (4) As of November 2008, Iran had produced, according to 
     the IAEA--
       (A) approximately 630 kilograms of uranium hexaflouride 
     enriched up to 3.5 percent uranium-235; and
       (B) no uranium hexaflouride enriched up to 20 percent 
     uranium-235.
       (5) As of November 2011, Iran had produced, according to 
     the IAEA--
       (A) nearly 5,000 kilograms of uranium hexaflouride enriched 
     up to 3.5 percent uranium-235; and
       (B) 79.7 kilograms of uranium hexaflouride enriched up to 
     20 percent uranium-235.
       (6) On January 9, 2012, IAEA inspectors confirmed that the 
     Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran had begun 
     enrichment activities at the Fordow site, including possibly 
     enrichment of uranium hexaflouride up to 20 percent uranium-
     235.
       (7) Section 2(2) of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, 
     Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-
     195) states, ``The United States and other responsible 
     countries have a vital interest in working together to 
     prevent the Government of Iran from acquiring a nuclear 
     weapons capability.''.
       (8) If the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran were 
     successful in acquiring a nuclear weapon capability, it would 
     likely spur other countries in the region to consider 
     developing their own nuclear weapons capabilities.
       (9) On December 6, 2011, Prince Turki al-Faisal of Saudi 
     Arabia stated that if international efforts to prevent Iran 
     from obtaining nuclear weapons fail, ``we must, as a duty to 
     our country and people, look into all options we are given, 
     including obtaining these weapons ourselves''.
       (10) Top leaders of the Government of the Islamic Republic 
     of Iran have repeatedly threatened the existence of the State 
     of Israel, pledging to ``wipe Israel off the map''.
       (11) The Department of State has designated Iran as a state 
     sponsor of terrorism since 1984 and characterized Iran as the 
     ``most active state sponsor of terrorism''.
       (12) The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has 
     provided weapons, training, funding, and direction to 
     terrorist groups, including Hamas, Hezbollah, and Shiite 
     militias in Iraq that are responsible for the murders of 
     hundreds of United States forces and innocent civilians.
       (13) On July 28, 2011, the Department of the Treasury 
     charged that the Government of Iran had forged a ``secret 
     deal'' with al Qaeda to facilitate the movement of al Qaeda 
     fighters and funding through Iranian territory.
       (14) In October 2011, senior leaders of Iran's Islamic 
     Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force were implicated 
     in a terrorist plot to assassinate Saudi Arabia's Ambassador 
     to the United States on United States soil.
       (15) On December 26, 2011, the United Nations General 
     Assembly passed a resolution denouncing the serious human 
     rights abuses occurring in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 
     including torture, cruel and degrading treatment in 
     detention, the targeting of human rights defenders, violence 
     against women, and ``the systematic and serious restrictions 
     on freedom of peaceful assembly'' as well as severe 
     restrictions on the rights to ``freedom of thought, 
     conscience, religion or belief''.
       (16) President Barack Obama, through the P5+1 process, has 
     made repeated efforts to engage the Government of the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran in dialogue about Iran's nuclear program and 
     its international commitments under the Treaty on the Non-
     Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, 
     and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970 
     (commonly known as the ``Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty'').
       (17) Representatives of the P5+1 countries (the United 
     States, France, Germany, the People's Republic of China, the 
     Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom) and 
     representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran held 
     negotiations on Iran's nuclear program in Istanbul, Turkey on 
     April 14, 2012, and these discussions are set to resume in 
     Baghdad, Iraq on May 23, 2012.
       (18) On March 31, 2010, President Obama stated that the 
     ``consequences of a nuclear-armed Iran are unacceptable''.
       (19) In his State of the Union Address on January 24, 2012, 
     President Obama stated, ``Let there be no doubt: America is 
     determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and 
     I will take no options off the table to achieve that goal.''.
       (20) On March 4, 2012, President Obama stated ``Iran's 
     leaders should understand that I do not have a policy of 
     containment; I have a policy to prevent Iran from obtaining a 
     nuclear weapon''.
       (21) Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta stated, in December 
     2011, that it was unacceptable for Iran to acquire nuclear 
     weapons, reaffirmed that all options were on the table to 
     thwart Iran's nuclear weapons efforts, and vowed that if the 
     United States gets ``intelligence that they are proceeding 
     with developing a nuclear weapon then we will take whatever 
     steps necessary to stop it''.
       (22) The Department of Defense's January 2012 Strategic 
     Guidance stated that United States defense efforts in the 
     Middle East would be aimed ``to prevent Iran's development of 
     a nuclear weapons capability and counter its destabilizing 
     policies''.
       (23) On April 2, 2010, President Obama stated, ``All the 
     evidence indicates that the Iranians are trying to develop 
     the capacity to develop nuclear weapons. They might decide 
     that, once they have that capacity that they'd hold off right 
     at the edge in order not to incur more sanctions. But, if 
     they've got nuclear weapons-building capacity and they are 
     flouting international resolutions, that creates huge 
     destabilizing effects in the region and will trigger an arms 
     race in the Middle East that is bad for U.S. national 
     security but is also bad for the entire world.''.
       (b) Sense of Congress.--Congress--
       (1) reaffirms that the United States Government and the 
     governments of other responsible countries have a vital 
     interest in working together to prevent the Government of 
     Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability;
       (2) warns that time is limited to prevent the Government of 
     the Islamic Republic of Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons 
     capability;
       (3) urges continued and increasing economic and diplomatic 
     pressure on the Islamic Republic of Iran until the Government 
     of the Islamic Republic of Iran agrees to and implements--
       (A) the full and sustained suspension of all uranium 
     enrichment-related and reprocessing activities and compliance 
     with United Nations Security Council resolutions;
       (B) complete cooperation with the IAEA on all outstanding 
     questions related to the nuclear activities of the Government 
     of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the implementation 
     of the additional protocol to Iran's Safeguards Agreement 
     with the IAEA; and
       (C) a permanent agreement that verifiably assures that 
     Iran's nuclear program is entirely peaceful;
       (4) expresses the desire that the P5+1 process successfully 
     and swiftly leads to the objectives identified in paragraph 
     (3);
       (5) warns that, as President Obama has said, the window for 
     diplomacy is closing;
       (6) expresses support for the universal rights and 
     democratic aspirations of the people of Iran;
       (7) strongly supports United States policy to prevent the 
     Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran from acquiring a 
     nuclear weapons capability;
       (8) rejects any United States policy that would rely on 
     efforts to contain a nuclear weapons-capable Iran; and
       (9) joins the President in ruling out any policy that would 
     rely on containment as an option in response to the Iranian 
     nuclear threat.
       (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
     construed as an authorization for the use of force or a 
     declaration of war.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2654. Mr. CRAPO (for himself and Mr. Johanns) submitted an 
amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 3414, to 
enhance the security and resiliency of the cyber and communications 
infrastructure of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the 
table; as follows:

       At the end, add the following:

[[Page S5688]]

     SEC. __. BUSINESS RISK MITIGATION AND PRICE STABILIZATION.

       (a) Margin Requirements.--
       (1) Commodity exchange act amendment.--Section 4s(e) of the 
     Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6s(e)), as added by section 
     731 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer 
     Protection Act, is amended by adding at the end the following 
     new paragraph:
       ``(4) Applicability with respect to counterparties.--The 
     requirements of paragraphs (2)(A)(ii) and (2)(B)(ii) shall 
     not apply to a swap in which a counterparty qualifies for an 
     exception under section 2(h)(7)(A) or satisfies the criteria 
     in section 2(h)(7)(D).''.
       (2) Securities exchange act amendment.--Section 15F(e) of 
     the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78o-10(e)), as 
     added by section 764(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform 
     and Consumer Protection Act, is amended by adding at the end 
     the following new paragraph:
       ``(4) Applicability with respect to counterparties.--The 
     requirements of paragraphs (2)(A)(ii) and (2)(B)(ii) shall 
     not apply to a security-based swap in which a counterparty 
     qualifies for an exception under section 3C(g)(1) or 
     satisfies the criteria in section 3C(g)(4).''.
       (b) Implementation.--The amendments made by this section to 
     the Commodity Exchange Act shall be implemented--
       (1) without regard to--
       (A) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code; and
       (B) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of 
     title 5, United States Code;
       (2) through the promulgation of an interim final rule, 
     pursuant to which public comment will be sought before a 
     final rule is issued; and
       (3) such that paragraph (1) shall apply solely to changes 
     to rules and regulations, or proposed rules and regulations, 
     that are limited to and directly a consequence of such 
     amendments.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2655. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 23, strike line 18 and all that follows through 
     page 25, line 8.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2656. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table, as follows:

       On page 145, strike lines 5 through 11 and insert the 
     following:
       ``(f) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2657. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table, as follows:

       On page 124, strike line 7 and all that follows through 
     page 128, line 14.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2658. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table, as follows:

       On page 121, strike lines 13 through 24.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2659. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table, as follows:

       On page 142, strike line 3 and all that follows through 
     page 145, line 4.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2660. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 154, strike line 9 and all that follows through 
     page 156, line 13.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2661. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 122, strike line 1 and all that follows through 
     page 124, line 6.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2662. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title I, add the following:

     SEC. 111. SUNSET.

       This title is repealed effective on the date that is 3 
     years after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2663. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of title I, add the following:

     SEC. 111. SUNSET.

       This title is repealed effective on the date that is 5 
     years after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 ______
                                 
  SA 2664. Mr. McCAIN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by 
him to the bill S. 3414, to enhance the security and resiliency of the 
cyber and communications infrastructure of the United States; which was 
ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       On page 122, strike lines 18 through 25, and insert the 
     following:

     vulnerabilities; and
       (2) in accordance with subsection (d), a program for 
     carrying out collaborative education and

                          ____________________
```