p. 1


# OAR Box 

# 1865 Prepped by Charmelle Mathews



## Document

Number: 

# 96 ) IV-J-3 9 Docket Number: 

# A-83-2 7

Printed 12/3/20089:15:32 AM

Sheet 96 of 105

### P. 2 

# A-83-2 7 IV-J-3 9 

# DOR R OLIVE R 

# FLUID BED STEAM GENERATORS

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4 REVIEW

OF PRODUCTS

AND SERVICESP. 3 

# Why Fluid Bed Steam Generation
Respondin g to th e nee d to bur n th e lowest-cos t soli d fuel s i n th e mos t environmentall y satisfactor y way , Keeler/Dorr-Olive rflui d be d stea m generator s produc e stea m efficiently , usin g al l grade s o flo w to high-sulfu rfuels . Thes e stea m generators ar e adaptabl e to many types o fcoa l an d waste , suc h a s anthracit e minin g wast e (culm) , oi l shal e o rspen t shale , petroleu m coke , ta rsands , coa l slurrie s an d agricultura l wastes . Al l design s compl y wit h stringen t requirements fo rS0 2 an d othe remissio n control s an d ar e custom-designe d to utilize specifi c fuel s a s they ar e available . 

# Advantages

of our Fluid Bed Steam Generators

•Us e lowest cos

t fuel s availabl e •Broa d fue l flexibilit

y •Capita l an d operatin g cost les s tha n conventiona l equipmen t wit h flu e ga s desulfurizatio n •SO 2 capture withi n th e combustio n environmen t •Greatl y reduce d NO xemission s •Reduce d maintenanc e cost s •Slaggin g an d foulin g virtuall y eliminate d •Conventiona l particulat e emissio n contro l •As h rule d non-hazardou s b y EPA FLUI D HIG H FUE L BE D NITROGE N COMBUSTIO N

LO WFUE L NITROGE N

Figure 1 

# Reduced

NOx Emissions NO xformatio n i s suppresse d b y th e lo wcombustio n temperature o f a flui d be d an d clos e contro l ove r exces s air . Th e circulatin g flui d be d lend s itsel fconvenientl y t o stage d combustio n whic h limits NO , formatio n furthe rb

y th e presenc e o fcha r( a reductant) i n th e first stage . Circulatin g flui d be d boiler s ar e performin g especiall y wel l o n a ver y smal l particl e siz e fue l (flui d coke , cok

e breeze , -2 8 mes h coa l waste) an d o n high-volatile-conten t fue l (peat , woo d an d woo d residues , agricultura l wastes , waste-water treatmen t sludge) .P. 4



# Improved Combustion Flui d be d boilers ar e particularl y wel l suite d t o us e fuel s whic h ar e wet , o flo wheatin g value , o rhave lo was h meltin g points . Ther e i s clos e contro l ove rexces s ai ran d combustio n conditions . Thi s i s o f particula rimportanc e i n minimizin g emission s o

fCO , hydrocarbon s an d VOC . Chemica l recover y o f flu e ga s component s ca n b e improve d fo rmany wast e combustio n operations . 

# S0 2 

# Capture Th e strongest impetu s fo rth e developmen t an d acceptanc e o f flui d be d stea m generator s aros e fro m th e recognitio n that combus tio n i n a flui d be d woul d permi t th e reactio n o

fsulfur , release d durin g fue l combustio n a s sulfu rdioxide , wit h calciu m oxide . Th e calciu m oxid e i s generate d simultaneousl y b y th e calcinatio n o

flimeston e introduce d into th e flui d be d wit h th e fue l bein g burned . Groun d limeston e i s use d fo rthi s purpose . I t mixe s wit h th e as h i n th e flui d be d an d leave s th e botto m o fth e be d i n th e for m o

fcalciu m sulfate (gypsum) . CaCO , hea

t adde d Ca O "•

" C0 2 C a O + S0 2 + V2

0 2 hea t gaine d CaSO . Th e rat e an d exten t o

fabsorptio n o fSO 2 o n Ca O i s dependen t o n many variables : Fluid-be d density , pressure an d temperature Residenc e tim e Figure 2 Exces s ai ran d moistur e i n flu e ga s Reactivit y o flimeston e Pore volum e an d surfac e are a o f lim e particle s Lim e particl e siz e Sulfu rconten t o

fcoa l Th e primar

y consideration , however , i s th e exten t o fsulfu r capture to mee

t emissio n regulations . Fo reac h o fth e identifie d reactio n variables , ther e i s a n optimu m amoun t o flim e neede d t o mee

t th e emissio n limits . Th e require d amoun t i s i n exces s o fthat neede d t o provid e stoichiometri c need s (chemicall y equivalen t amounts) . Th e genera l rang e o

fcalcium-to sulfu rratio s fo rcommercia l operation s i s show n i n Figure 2 . A n optimu m balanc e o fth e combustion , calcination , sulfatio n an d NO xformatio n reaction s i s struc k at temperature s betwee n 1550° F an d 1750°F . Dorr-Oliver' s experienc e wit h limeston e calciner s indicate s that thi s i s als o th e optimu m temperature rang e fo r th e generatio n o

fth e mos

t active for m o flim e (calciu m oxide ) possible . Dependin g upo n th e geologica l sourc e an d chemica l compositio n o fth e limeston e mos

t economicall y available , a n exces s o

flim e equa l to 1. 1 time s stoichiometrica l requirement s o rmuc h highe rmus t b e used . Th e rang e i s dictate d b y chemica l an d physica l considera tion s an d b

y th e choic e o

fbubblin g o rcirculatin g flui d be d boilers . Keeler/Dorr-Olive r ca n furnis h expert advic e o n th e source , utilizatio n an d effectivenes s o f limeston e t o users o

fit s flui d be d stea m generators .P. 5 

# The Economics

of Fluid Bed Steam Generation

Wh yshoul d anyon e conside rth e purchas e o fa flui d be d stea m generator ? Som e fuel s ca n onl yb e burne d i n flui d beds
. Flui d bed s ar e versatil e an d provid e fue l flexibility
. Abov e all , th e tota l economic s o f investmen t i n equipmen t an d th e operatin g cost s fo rdifferen t types o ffuel s hav e t o b e weighe d agains t eac h other
. I n pas t years , Keeler/Dorr-Olive r ha s furnishe d thousand s o foil - an d gas-fire d stea m generators . The y stil l woul d represen t th e choic e o f equipmen t wit h th e lowes t installe d cost s an d lowes t operatin g an d maintenanc e costs , excep t fo rth e cos t o ffuel
. Aflui d be d stea m generator , a s an yothe rsolid-fuel-fire d stea m generator , mean s highe rcapita l investmen t an d labo rcost s fo rfue l handling , continuou s attendance , as h handlin g an d additiona l maintenanc e costs...no t s o muc h fo rth e stea m generator , bu t fo rth e materia l handlin g system s require d fo rsoli d fuels
. However , substantia l saving s i n fue l cos t wil l resul t fro m switchin g t o alternat e fuel s (solid , coal-wate rmixture , etc. ) Compare d wit h conventiona l stoke ro rpulverize d coal-fire d stea m generator s wit h flu e ga s desulfurizatio n equipment , th e flui d be d stea m generato roffer s th e advantag e o flowe rmaintenanc e cost s becaus e o fth e absenc e o f interna l movin g parts , pulverizin g equipment , scrubbe rsludg e handlin g an d de-waterin g equipment , an d al l th e othe r complexitie s o fsuc h systems . Makin g a n investmen t decisio n wil l requir e th e financia l analysi s o f th e continuin g operatin g cos t saving s resultin g fro m th e us e o fa lower-cos t fuel , balance d agains t th e capita l require d fo rth e ne w equipment
. Thi s analysi s i s neede d fo ran ycompletel yne wpowe r plant , th e expansio n o fa n existin g facility , o rth e nee d t o reduc e expens e b yfue l switching
. Paybac k fro m fue l switchin g fo r varyin g fue l cost differentia l Analyse s ma yb e mad e o n th e basi s o fsimpl e payback , retur n o n investmen t o rinterna l rat e o freturn , whicheve rmayb e preferred
. Keeler/Dorr-Olive ri s prepare d t o assis t i n th e preparatio n o fth e capita l investmen t analysis
. Detaile d informatio n o n presen t operatin g expenses , presen t fue l costs , an d futur e fue l cost s wil l b e neede d i n orde rt o perfor m suc h a n analysis
. Studie s continu e t o substantiat e tha t th e typica l industria l plan t ca n expec t significan t paybac k fro m fue l switching
. Th e accompanyin g grap h illustrate s th e paybac k resultin g fro m switchin g fro m oi l t o coa l wit h th e attendan t capita l investmen t require d fo ra 100,00 0 PP H stea m generator . Paybac k wil l varywit h th e differentia l o fth e cos t o foi l t o th e cos t o fcoal , al l o n a delivere d basis
. Th e economic s o f usin g wast e fuel s depend s o n th e delivere d cos t o fth e fue l an d th e disposa l cos t savings
. Additiona l financia l incentive s ar e provide d i n th e us e o f investmen t ta xcredits , th e opportunitie s t o configurat e system s fo rcogeneratio n wit h th e benefit s o fusin g o rsellin g cogenerate d powe runde rth e provision s o fth e Publi cUtilitie s Regulatoryan d Polic yAc t (PURPA) , an d additiona l incentive s an d ta xcredit s offere d b ya n increasin g numbe ro fstate s intereste d i n supportin g th e us e o f coa l an d alternat e fuels
. Keeler/Dorr-Olive rwil l gladl y assis t i n th e evaluatio n o ftechno economi can d financia l consideration s o fyou rinvestmen t i n flui d be d boilers
.P. 6 

# Principles

of Operation

I n a flui d bed , th e combustio n ai r agitate s th e be d o ffuel , limeston e an d as h s o a s t o behav e simila rt o a fluid
. Granula rsolid s ca n flo w freel ywithi n thi s environment
. Aflui d be d stea m generato rha s a stationar ygrate , ofte n referre d t o a s a n ai rdistributor , a water-coole d o rrefractor ywal l furnace , an d convectiv e evaporato rand/o r superheate rbanks
. Single-dru m an d two-dru m configuration s ar e used , dependin g upo n th e servic e an d stea m conditions
. Th e grat e support s th e be d an d distribute s th e fluidizin g underfir e air
. Primaryo runderfir e ai ri s blow n int o th e be d throug h nozzle s i n th e ai rdistributo ran d typicall y equal s 90 % t o 120 % o f stoichiometri ccombustio n ai r requirements
. Secondar yo r overfir e air , whe n used , i s blow n int o th e furnac e abov e th e flui d bed
. Hig h turbulenc e an d mixin g i s provide d b yfluidization
. Ever y particle' s surfac e i s expose d t o th e flo wo fcombustio n air
. Fluidizatio n exist s withi n a well define d regim e o fai rflo wvelocity , particl e size , particl e densit yan d particl e shape
. Thre e distinc t regime s ca n b e observed...th e bubblin g regim e a t low-to-moderat e air-flo wvelocities , th e entraine d flo wo rrecirculatin g regim e a t increase d velocities , an d th e pneumati ctranspor t regim e a t very hig h velocities
. Fluidizatio n regime s Aflui d be d consist s o fa mixtur e o fcoa l ash , activ e an d spen t sorben t (mostl ycalciu m oxid e an d calciu m sulfate , respectively ) an d onl yon e t o thre e percen t o ffres h fuel
. Abubblin g flui d be d generate s botto m as h an d fl yas h jus t a s conventiona l boiler s do
. Botto m as h i s withdraw n fro m th e flui d be d an d cooled
. Fl yas h i s collecte d afte rth e economize rand/o rai r preheate ri n particulat e contro l equipment
. Th e mos t commonl y use d contro l devic e ha s bee n th e fabri cfilte ro rbaghouse , bu t electrostati cprecipitator s hav e certai n applications
. Acirculatin g flui d be d boile r generate s mostl yfl yash , a s doe s a pulverized-coal-fire d unit
. Keeler/Dorr-Olive rfurnishe s bubbling-bed-typ e flui d be d stea m generator s unde rth e CPF S an d MKF S designation , an d circulating be d stea m generator s unde rth e HCF S designation
. 

# Fluidized Bed Combustion Characteristics

• Goo d mixin g • Hig h hea t transfe rrate s • Isotherma l fue l be d
• Stabl e operatio n • Lo wcombustio n temperature s • Hig h combustio n efficiencie s • Combustio n proces s precisel y adaptabl e t o fue l use d • Eas e o fcontro l an d operatio nP. 7 

# Keeler/Dorr-Oliver

Model CPFS

VERTICA L IM-BEO TUBE S

OVERBE D FEEDE R OBSERVATIO N PORTS COMPLETEL Y WATE RCOOLE D BE D CONTAINMEN T INACTIV E BE D


## CPFS SECTIONA L FRONT "
Th e smalle rMode l CPF S stea m generato ri s a shop-fabricate d sectiona l unit , bu t ca n b e field erected . Featurin g a 7: 1 turndow n ratio , i t i s adapte d fro m th e prove n Keele rMode l C P design , severa l thousand s o

fwhic h have bee n i n us e fo rove r3 0 years . Th e CPF S mode l ca n b e shop-fabricate d i n tw o module s i n th e 30,00 0 t o 80,00 0 pound s stea m pe rhou rrange , whil e th e field-erecte d desig n ca n b e use d fo rhighe rcapacities . 

## Construction
•Sectiona l constructio n units shippabl e i n module s •Completel y water-coole d membran e wal l be d containmen t prevent s ai rleakag e problem s •Vertica l in-bed , waterwal l an d convectio n tube s preven t erosio n problem s •Sparg e pip e ai rdistributo rsyste m eliminate s nee d fo rbe d o r windboxsegmentatio n •Botto m as h withdrawa l betwee n sparg e pipe s eliminate s segrega tio n o flarg e as h particle s •Lo whea d roo m (n o basemen t required ) 

## Specifications
• Stea m capacities : 30,00 0 pound s stea m pe rhou ran d abov e •Stea m pressure : 85 0 psi g desig n maximu m •Stea m temperatures : t o 850 ° F •Desig n freedo m t o sui t fuel s an d sorbent s o

fchoic e •7: 1 turndow n •Rapi d loa d respons e •Natura l circulatio n •Liberall y size d stea m dru m •Mechanica l an d gravit y reinjectio n •Fo rSO , control : be d dept h o f4 f t (variabl e ±1 ft ) an d minimu m freeboar d heigh t o

f8 f t •Overbe d fee d wit h spreade rstoke r 

## Applications
• Bituminou s coa l •Soli d fuel s wit h heatin g value s ove r400 0 BT U pe rpoun d a s fire dP. 8

COA L AN O LIMESTON E
FEEDE R ~-~^J «

FRONTWAL L HEADE R

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## a VARIABL E ^ VARIABL E 

# Sectional Concept Th e sectiona l concep t i s base d o n usin g fixe d maximu m heigh t an d widt h limitation s t o permi t rai l an d roa d shipmen t Adaptatio n t o fuel , limeston e an d capacityi s mad e b y customizin g th e lengt h o

fbot h to p an d botto m modules
.P. 9 

# Keeler/Dorr-Oliver

Model CPFS Duplex

VERTICA L IN-SEO TUBE S >

MtNSRAN I WALU^ v M I 

### KEELER/DORR-OLIVE R

CPF S DUPLE XBOILER

M O ORA M MODRAI N HAL F SECTIO N HAL F SECTIO N THR U IN4E D SURFAC

fTHR U SUPERHEATS* VERTICAL SUPERHEATE R jS TUBE S

snuia i /PIPE S FUHOA S

COA L AN O umtTo m STEAMOUTU T1

UPPF R SIOFWAL l HfADEf l
.

FEEDE R -—^BH H 

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•^mL^ML^^^^ T^^^"•^JsRmojwA u 1 1 FRONTWAU . | B > SM I *- H HSAOt R •• HEADE R •W M m K wW+^ I no _J B I •» •— satS
•URAI H Mj y •HEADERVM W •-•'SLOWE R

START-U P OUOROA B AS H REMIECTM N SYSTE M REMJECTIO N HOPPE R

AI R CONTRO L VALVE S

CPF S DUPLEX-SECTIONA L SIDE 

### Thi s versio n o

fth e CPFS has al l th e sam e feature s a s th e field erecte d CPFS mode l bu t offer s highe rcapacities
. Two complet e CPFS furnace s are place d side-by sid e bu t utiliz e a commo n convectio n ban k

an d commo n drums
. Eac h furnac e has it s ow n spreade rstoker , limeston e supply , as h withdrawa l screws an d controls
. Thi s concep t offer s especiall yhig h operatin g flexibility an d th e advantag e o

fth e lo w headroo m provide d b

yth e CPFS design
. 

# Unique Features of our Bubbling Fluid .Bed Designs

• Hig h turndow n capabilitie s • Rapi d loa d followin g • Vertica l tube s fo rlon g lif eP.1 0



# Keeler/Dorr-Oliver

Model MKFS

Th e MKFS stea m generato ri s field-erecte d an d utilize d primaril y fo rhigher-capacityinstallation s an d fo rcertai n fuel s where th e CPFS uni t i s not practica l (low grade , hig h fine s content)
. MKFS stea m generator

s are simila ri n desig n t o Keeler' s M Kan d MK B stea m generators whic h have bee n prove n i n operatio n i n hundred s o f installations
. Theyar e custom designe d t o mee

t specifi cfue l requirements
. 

## Constmction
• Field-erecte d • Completel ywater-coole d membran e wal l be d containmen t an d ai rdistributo r • Vertica l in-bed , waterwal l an d convectio n tube s preven t erosio n problem s • Segmente d plenu m chambe ro r sparg e pip e ai rdistributio n syste m • Gravit yan d mechanica l reinjectio n fro m interna l hoppe r and/o rexterna l collecto r 

## Specifications
• Stea m capacities : 50,00 0 pound s stea m pe rhou ran d above • Stea m pressure : t o sui t • Stea m temperatures : t o 900° F • Custo m desig n • Standar

d turndow n 4:1 ; highe r ratio s optiona l • Rapi d loa d respons e • Natura l circulatio n desig n • Liberall ysize d stea m dru m • Simpl e fue l feedin g b

yscre w conveyo ro rspreade rstoke r 

## Applications
• Al l type s o

fsoli d fuels , especiall y thos e wit h lowheatin g valu e (wastes )
• Highl yvolatil e fuel s o rver ysmal l particle-siz e fuel s STEA M OU T

FLU E GA S OU T

STEA M DRU M

WATE R DRU M

INTERNA L REM-JECTIO N HOPPE R

FLUIDIZE D BE D ARE A

AI R DISTRIBUTO R

AI R R M

WINDBO X 

# MKF S 'SECTIONA L SIDE "P.1 1 

# Keeler/Dorr-Oliver

Model HCFS

ELEV . 106'-0 * ATTEMPERATO R
PRIMAR Y SUPERHEATE R

ELEV . «7*0 "

Configuratio n fo rhig h pressure , high-temperatur e generatio n

1 0P.1 2

Th e HCF S stea m generato r represent s th e evolutio n o fth e MKF S concep t t o high-velocity circulatin g be d operations . Thes e units ar e designe d t o meet th e large-capacity , continuous-duty stea m generatio n need s o fth e larg e processin g industries , especiall y fo rcogeneration . Th e stea m generato r incorporate s al l th e prove n desig n concept s o

fKeeler/Dorr-Oliver' s water-coole d membran e wal l combusto rwit h th e additio n o fth e externa l cyclon e collectio n an d reinjectio n equipmen t require d fo r th e hig h rate s o

fparticl e recirculatio n resultin g fro m hig h be d velocit

y operations . HCF S design s require tal l installations , bu t are particularl y suitabl e fo rstage d combustion , wher e eve n lowe rNO , emission s have t o b e obtaine d tha n ca n normall y b e achieve d i n a flui d bed . Thes e units offe rth e highest efficiencie s an d leas t sorben t consumptio n fo rSO

2 control . A n optiona l externa l flui d be d heat exchange r(solid s cooler) ca n b e adde d fo reve n greate rsyste m flexibility . 

## Constmction
•Field-erecte d •Completel y water-coole d membran e wal l furnac e an d ai r distributo r •Membran e wal l •2-dru m convectio n ban k •Close-couple d cyclon e collecto r •Proprietar

y Fluoseal * reinjectio n contro l HCF S FLU © BE D STEA M GENERATO R

Alternat e configuratio n forlow-to-mediu m pressure systems , especiall y thos e withou t significan t superhea t 

## Specifications
•Stea m capacities : 60,00 0 pound s pe rhou ran d abov e •Stea m pressure : t o sui t •Stea m temperatures : t o sui t •Natura l circulatio n desig n •Turndow n rati o 3: 1 •Rapi d loa d respons e 

## Applications
•Bituminou s an d sub-bituminou s coa l 

### • Lignit e • Cok e •Culm , Go b •Agricultura l waste s •Coal/wate rmixture •Fin e particl e fuel s •Stringen t emissio n limitation s o n NOx, CO , hydrocarbon s

1 1P.1 3 

# 1 Manufacturing,Shipping,lnst3liation Aite U>
Designed , manufacture d an d teste d i n ou rWilliamspor t plant , al l Keeler/Dorr-Olive rproducts are manufacture d b

y peopl e wh o tak

e prid e i n thei rwork . Fro m rollin g an d weldin g drums , makin g state of-the-ar t membran e walls , drillin g tub e holes , X-rayin g al l welds , stress-relievin g th e drums , bendin g tube s throug h automate d operations , to fina l assembl y an d qualit y control , Keeler/Dorr-Olive r assure s that it

s products ar e responsiv

e to today' s need s fo r energy-efficien t an d reliabl e equipmen t Authorize d inspectors supervis e ou rwork . They ar e qualifie d a s require d b y th e State rule s adoptin g th e ASM E code , holdin g al l necessar

y commission s o fth e Nationa l Board o

fBoile ran d Pressure Vesse l Inspectors .

Automati c continuou s welde r Clos e coordinatio n betwee n ou r Fiel d Engineerin g Grou p an d ou r Productio n Departmen t insure s that finishe d component s arrive at ou r customer' s site whe n needed . Ou rerectio n superintenden t constantl y monitors constructio n progress . Whe n plan t site condition s chang e du e to weathe r o rothe runforesee n circumstance s whic h require a chang e i n project shippin g schedules , th e superintenden t work

s wit h Productio n an d Traffi c personne l t o hel p mee

t thos e challenges . Wher e possible , modula r constructio n shorten s field erectio n tim e fro m star t to finish . Afte rhydrostati c testing , ou rfiel d enginee rhelp s prepar e th e uni t fo r start-u p b

y performin g preliminar y check-out s an d advisin g an d helpin g t o trai n th e plan t personnel . CPF S lowe r modul e Durin g earl y operation , th e fiel d enginee rhelp s fine-tun e th e unit , makin g i t read y fo rcommercia l operation . Onc e th e uni t perform s its intende d function—reliabl e an d efficien t productio n o

fsteam — Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s Fiel d Engineerin g Grou p stand s read y to provid e continuin g servic e an d assistance . Whe n fuel s o r processe s change , o rwhe n schedule d o runschedule d maintenanc e occurs , ou rfiel d engineer s ar e availabl e wit h practica l know-ho wan d experience .

Loadin g stea m generato rdestine d fo r majo rindustria l manufacturer .

Tw o module s ar e mate d togethe rb y welding . 1 2P.1 4 

# Parts and Service

Keeler/Dorr-Olive rplan t i n Williamsport , Pa
. Boile rhous e an d Burne rTes t facility
. We share you rconcer n fo rspare part s availability an d repai rservic e expertise . That' s wh y w e stoc k 75 % o fal l part s fo rou rstea m generator s an d burners an d w e ca n shi p thes e parts immediately . Remainin g parts ar e availabl e fro m stoc k o fou rO.E.M . suppliers . Ou rstaf fprovide s exac t duplica tio n o fpart s fro m in-hous e drawing s fro m on e tub e t o ful l sets o ftube s fo r an y Keeler/Dorr-Olive rboiler . Fo rbes t servic e fro m you rboiler , w e provide : •Guarantee d workmanshi p an d materia l fo ron e yea r •Assistance wit h fue l conversion s •Boile rinspectio n wit h a writte n repor t •Al l types o

festimate s fo rstea m generato rrepai r •Hands-o n an d classroo m operato rtrainin g •Equipmen t chec k

ou t •Start-u p assistanc e •Complet e stea m generato r repairs , includin g tubes , tile , insulatio n an d casin g replacemen t •Stea m generato rrebuild s •Surveys fo rreactivatio n o fcoal fire d stea m generators •Burne rtune-u p servic e •Burne rretrofits •Turn-ke y responsibilit y •Quic k deliver y o fpart s o r material s Fiel d servic e enginee rattache s thermo coupl e o n downcome ro t CPF S boiler
. ASM E Cod e Keeler/Dorr-Olive rhold s U , S , an d P P Cod e stamps .

1 3

# Other Steam Products from Keeler/Dorr-Oliver P.1 5

I n additio n to flui d be d stea m generators , Keeler/Dorr-Olive r offer s a broa d lin e o

fproducts fo r use b y industry , institutions , utilities an d governmen t 

# Packaged

Steam Generators Designate d "DS" , thes e units bur n eithe roi l o rgas . A n advance d doubl e casin g i s designe d to prolon g casin g life whe n firin g high-sulfu rfue l oi l i n a pressurize d furnace . Furnishe d a s a complete package , "DS " units require onl y fiel d connection s fo rfuel , water , stea m an d electricity . Th e largest uni t i n th e serie s has 100,00 0 PP H stea m capacity . 

# Field-Erected Steam Generators Designate d "MK" , th e Keeler / Dorr-Olive rlin e o

fcustom designed , field-erecte d units enabl e th e use rt o mee t specifi c spac e requirements . "MK " units ar e adaptabl e t o al l type s o ffuel s an d ar e availabl e wit h stea m capacitie s u p t o 250,00 0 PPH , at pressure s u p to 150 0 psi g an d stea m temperature s t o 1000°F . 

# CP, CPM Steam Generators Invente d i n 1935 , thes e water tube-typ e units brough t th e advantag e o

fwater-coole d furnace s to bot h larg e an d smal l stea m generato rusers i n industr y an d institutions . Th e patente d lin e o f"CP " stea m generator s provide s mor e heat absorbin g surfac e withou t increasin g th e stea m generato rsiz e an d als o offers bette rradian t heatin g an d highe r furnac e temperatures . Thei r introductio n als o marke d th e firs t us e o froun d rathe rtha n square waterwal l headers . Industria l waste-fire d boile r

Modula r4-gan g burne r 

# Solid-Fuel

Steam Generators N o othe rcompan y ha s more experienc e i n soli d fue l firing . Keeler/Dorr-Olive rstea m generator s ar e designe d fo rbest fuel-alternative efficiency whil e complyin g wit h th e mos t rigi d emissio n contro l requirements . Coal , lignite , wood , industria l an d agricultura l waste s ar e amon g th e lower-cos t fuel s successfull y burne d t o generat e stea m b y Keeler/Dorr-Olive requipmen t 

# Refuse-Fired Steam Generators Th e successfu l applicatio n o f Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s soli d fue l stea m generato rtechnolog y to th e burnin g o

fmunicipa l refus e produce s a two-fol d benefit.. . environmentall y soun d solutio n t o th e proble m o

fwast e disposa l an d a low-cos t energy-savin g metho d fo rstea m generation . 

# Faber Burners Fabe rburners have bee n use d fo rmore tha n 5 0 year s i n oi l an d gas-fire d equipmen t Today , Keeler/Dorr-Olive rals o design s an d manufacture s specia l burners t o handl e a wid e rang e o fby product an d wast e fuels , bot h liqui d an d gaseous . Th e Fabe rlin e extend s fro m simpl e single-uni t burners t o custom-designe d multipl e burne rsystem s complet e wit h micro-processo rcontro l packages . Lo

wexces s air , lo

wNO x an d coal/wate rslurr

y burners ar e als o available . 

# Accessories Keeler/Dorr-Olive roffers a broa d lin e o

faccessor

y equipmen t fo rstea m generato rsystems , includin g superheaters , econo mizers an d ai rheaters . Tub e expander s ar e availabl e fo r sal e o r ren t

1 4P.1 6



# Other Fluid Bed Products from Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Fluid Bed Waste Incinerators Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s wast e incinerators economicall y solv e th e proble m o

fdisposin g o

findustria l waste s withou t environmenta l pollution . Thi s compact , low-cos t syste m burn s liquids , slurries , sludge s an d solid s i n a fluidize d be d an d permits downstrea m energ y recover

y o fa significan t portio n o fth e fue l valu e o

fth e feed . Desig n o fthi s syste m incorporate s flui d be d technolog y derive d fro m ove r3 5 year s o

fexperience . Ove r 80 0 flui d be d system s have bee n installed . 

# Coal-Fired

Fluid Bed Dryers Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s dryers ar e successfull y use d to dr y coal , stee l mil l sla g an d variou s mineral s efficiently ; othe rfuel s have bee n an d ca n b e used . Flui d Bed Incinerato r



# Fluid Bed Chemical Recovery

Units Th e basi c advantag e o fou r recover y units i s th e low temperature , smelt-fre e combustio n at lo wspen t liquo rconcentration . Thi s assure s th e continuou s productio n o

funiforml y high qualit y chemical s an d th e complete combustio n o

forganic s wit h optimu m utilizatio n o

finheren t heatin g valu e o

fth e spen t liquor , thereby eliminatin g th e requiremen t fo rauxiliar

y fue l i n th e reactor . 

# Fluid

Bed Roasters Th e first commercia l utilizatio n o f Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s flui d be d syste m wa s starte d u p i n 194 7 wit h th e roastin g o

fgold-bearin g sulfide . It ha s sinc e bee n widel y extende d t o nearl y al l kind s o f sulfid e ore s an d concentrates . Ou r roasters have foun d application s i n wel l ove r20 0 installation s throughou t th e world . 

# Fluid Bed Calciners Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s multi compartmen t syste m incorporate s th e operatin g flexibilit

y an d clos e contro l o fth e fluidize d be d whil e minimizin g th e heat requiremen t

1 5P.1 7 

# Experience

that Spans Two Centuries

Th e E . Keele rCompan y wa s establishe d i n Williamsport , Pa . i n 186 4 an d has bee n a recognize d leade ri n stea m generato rdesig n an d manufacture . Today , a s a wholly-owne d compan y o fDorr Oliver , Incorporate d i n Th e Standar d Oi l Company , Keeler/Dorr-Olive rcontinue s its excellen t reputatio n fo rqualit y an d servic e an d ha s establishe d itsel f a s a leadin g industria l watertub e stea m generato rsupplier . Ther e are more tha n 500 0 activ e Keeler/Dorr-Olive runits i n th e Unite d State s an d othe rcountries , includin g som e 50 % o

fal l solid fuele d units sol d i n recen t years . Keeler/Dorr-Olive rflui d be d stea m generator s represen t expertis e gaine d b

y E . Keele r Compan y i n buildin g industria l stea m generators , combine d wit h th e flui d be d combustio n an d applicatio n experienc e develope d b y Dorr-Oliver . Sinc e mergin g int o Dorr-Olive ri n 1982 , Keeler/Dorr Olive rha s develope d a complet e lin e o fflui d be d boiler s that provid e a n economical , practical , environ mentall y soun d solutio n t o th e us e o fsoli d fuel s t o meet curren t an d future requirement s o

fal l stea m users . Dorr-Oliver , ove r7 5 year s old , wa s th e first compan y to commer cializ e fluidize d be d technolog y outsid e o

fth e oi l refinin g industry . Sinc e 1946 , flui d be d calciners , roasters , dryers an d wast e combustio n system s have bee n increasingl y accepte d i n man y industrie s throughou t th e world . Ove r80 0 installation s have bee n pu t into operation . Keeler/Dorr Olive rha s ful l responsibilit y fo r thes e products . Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s headquarter s i n Williamsport , P a B*3*»3gp* S ••<.:^f>F*3»^J|& p

. - -•• • -:.-J2>;v!



# 4 :.*..• - Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s Circulatin g Flui d Be d Boile r Plan t i n Williamsport , Pa . 

# DORR-OLIUE R P.O . Bo x54 8 Williamsport , PA 17703-054 8 (717)326-336 1 Telex : .84143 5 Bulleti n No . K/O- 0 3B18 6* • P.1 8



# Keeler/Dorr-Oliver' s Flui d Bed Boile rProject

s

Name . Locatio n Shamoki nAre a Industria l Corporatio n Shamokin . P

A Stea mHea t

Authorit y Wilkes-Barre . P

A Clairvivre , Franc e Cit y of Th e Standar dOi l C a(Ohio ) Lima . O H Quake r Stat e Oi l Refinin g Corporatio n Newell . W

V Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Williamsport . P

A Capacity , Conditio n

23.40 0 pp h 20 0 PSIG . Sat . 60.00 0 pp h 15 0 PSIG . Sat . 1 x 13.00 0 pp h 1 x 20.00 0 pp h 70.00 0 pp h 70 0 PSIG/705° F 2 x 120.00 0 pp h 26 5 PSIG/525° F
9.00 0 pp h 12 5 PSIG . Sat . Fue l

Anthracit e Minin g Wast e (Culm ) Cul m Coal/Woo d
Bituminou s Coa l Bituminou s Coa l
Variety Us e

Proces s Stea m Sol dt o Papermil l
Distric t Heatin g Distric t Heatin g
Refiner y & Chemica l Plan t Proces s Stea m 10.00 0 BPS D Lub e Oi l Refinin g Proces s Stea m Pilo t & Fue l Testin g Plan t Yea r o f Start-u p 198 1

198 4
198 4
198 4
198 5

198 5 Boile r Mode l MKF S

CPF S Specia l Typ e CPF S
CPF S

HCF S
Archer Daniel s Midland Decatur . I

L Ceda r Rapids . I

A 5 x 425,00 0

131 0 PSIG/900° F 3 x 477.00 0 131 0 PSIG/900° F Bituminou s

Coa l Co mProcessin g

Co-generatio n 198 6 HCFS 198 7 HCF

S 

# keele r DORR-OLIUE R P.O
. Bo x548
. Williamsport , PA1770 3 (717)326-336 1