1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

KRISTIN A. HENRY (Cal. Bar No. 220908) 

Sierra Club 

85 Second Street, 2nd Floor 

San Francisco, CA 94105 

Telephone: (415) 977-5716 

Facsimile: (415) 977-5793 

Kristin.Henry@sierraclub.org 

Counsel for Plaintiff Sierra Club

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 

 

 ) 

 ) Case No. 

 ) 

SIERRA CLUB, ) 

) COMPLAINT 

) FOR DECLARATORY AND

 Plaintiff, ) INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 

 ) 

 v. ) 

 ) (Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401 et. seq.) 

GINA MCCARTHY, ) 

in her official capacity as Administrator of the ) 

United States Environmental Protection Agency, ) 

 ) 

 Defendant. ) 

 ) 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page1 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

1 

COMPLAINT 

INTRODUCTION 

1. Plaintiff Sierra Club brings this Clean Air Act citizen suit to compel the United States 

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) to undertake overdue mandatory duties. 

Specifically, Sierra Club challenges the failure of Defendant, Gina McCarthy, in her official 

capacity as Administrator of the EPA, to perform certain mandatory duties required by the Clean 

Air Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401-7671q. These duties include failure to approve or disapprove under 

42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4) state implementation plan elements submittals from Alabama, 

Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, 

Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, 

Texas, Virginia and West Virginia and failure to make a finding of failure to submit a state 

implementation plan element for Tennessee, all for the 2008 ozone National Ambient Air 

Quality Standard. 

JURISDICTION 

2. This case is a Clean Air Act citizen suit. Therefore, the Court has jurisdiction over this 

action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction) and 42 U.S.C. § 7604(a)(2) 

(citizen suits for failure to perform a non-discretionary duty required by the Clean Air Act). 

NOTICE 

3. Plaintiff Sierra Club mailed four letters via certified mail, return receipt requested, to 

EPA Administrators stating that Sierra Club intends to sue the EPA Administrators for the 

violations alleged in this Complaint. More than sixty days have passed since Sierra Club mailed 

these notice of intent to sue letters. To date, Defendant has not remedied the violations alleged 

in this Complaint. Therefore, an actual controversy exists. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page2 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

2 

COMPLAINT 

VENUE

4. Defendant EPA resides in this judicial district. This civil action is brought against an 

officer of the United States acting in her official capacity and a substantial part of the events or 

omissions giving rise to the claims in this case occurred in the Northern District of California. In 

addition, Plaintiff Sierra Club is headquartered in San Francisco and Sierra Club’s counsel is 

located in San Francisco. Therefore, venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 

1391(e). 

INTRADISTRICT ASSIGNMENT 

5. A substantial part of the events and omissions giving rise to the claims in this case 

occurred in the County of San Francisco. Accordingly, assignment to the San Francisco 

Division or the Oakland Division is proper pursuant to Civil L.R. 3-2(c) and (d). 

PARTIES

6. Plaintiff SIERRA CLUB is a national grassroots nonprofit conservation organization 

formed in 1892. 

7. Sierra Club’s purpose includes practicing and promoting the responsible use of earth’s 

ecosystems and resources, and protecting and restoring the quality of the natural and human 

environment. Sierra Club has over 600,000 members nationally. 

8. Members and staffs of Sierra Club live, work, recreate, and travel throughout the States 

at issue in this case and will continue to do so on a regular basis. Ozone in the affected States 

threatens and damages, and will continue to threaten and damage, the health and welfare of 

Plaintiff’s staffs and members. Ozone diminishes Sierra Club staff’s and members’, as well as 

the public’s ability to enjoy the aesthetic qualities and recreational opportunities of the respective 

areas. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page3 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

3 

COMPLAINT 

9. EPA’s failure to timely perform the mandatory duties described herein also adversely 

affect Sierra Club, as well as its staff and members, by depriving them of procedural protection 

and opportunities, as well as information that they are entitled to under the Clean Air Act. The 

failure of EPA to perform the mandatory duties also creates uncertainty for Sierra Club’s staff 

and members as to whether they are exposed to excess air pollution. 

10. The above injuries will continue until the Court grants the relief requested herein. 

11. Defendant Gina McCarthy is the Administrator of the United States Environmental 

Protection Agency. In that role Administrator McCarthy has been charged by Congress with the 

duty to administer the Clean Air Act, including the mandatory duties at issue in this case. 

LEGAL BACKGROUND 

12. Congress enacted the Clean Air Act to “speed up, expand, and intensify the war against 

air pollution in the United States with a view to assuring that the air we breathe throughout the 

Nation is wholesome once again.” H.R.Rep. No. 1146, 91st Cong., 2d Sess. 1,1, 1970 U.S.Code 

Cong. & Admin. News 5356, 5356. To promote this, the Clean Air Act requires EPA to set 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards establishing maximum allowable concentrations for 

certain pollutants, including ozone. 

13. Adverse impacts arise from ground-level ozone (“ozone”) pollution, commonly referred 

to as smog. Exposure to ozone pollution causes numerous impacts to a person’s respiratory 

system, including asthma, pneumonia, and bronchitis, and can result in the permanent scarring of 

lung tissue. Moreover, the detrimental effects extend beyond public health. Ozone pollution 

also interferes with vegetation’s ability to function properly. This interference results in injuries 

such as decreased crop yields and damage to native ecosystems. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page4 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

4 

COMPLAINT 

14. The Clean Air Act requires each state to submit a state implementation plan for every 

promulgation or revision of a National Ambient Air Quality Standard, within three years of that 

standard’s promulgation or revision, that provides for the “implementation, maintenance, and 

enforcement” of the standard. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(1). These are often referred to as 

“Infrastructure” state implementation plans. An Infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal must meet the requirements listed under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2). See 42 U.S.C. §§ 

7410(a)(2)(A)-(M). 

15. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to determine whether any state implementation plan 

submittal is administratively complete. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k)(1)(B). EPA must make this 

determination by “no later than 6 months after the date, if any, by which a State is required to 

submit the plan or revision.” Id.

16. EPA has a mandatory duty to take final action on any administratively complete state 

implementation plan submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part 

and disapproving in part, or conditionally approving, within 12 months of the date the submittal 

is deemed administratively complete. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2), (3) and (4). 

17. If a state fails to submit any required state implementation plan, there is no submittal that 

may be deemed administratively complete, and EPA must make a determination stating that the 

state failed to submit the required state implementation plan. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(1)(B). This is 

referred to as a “finding of failure to submit.” 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page5 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

5 

COMPLAINT 

CLAIMS FOR RELIEF 

CLAIM ONE 

(EPA’s Failure to find that Tennessee has not Submitted an 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) element of a 2008 

ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards Infrastructure State Implementation Plan) 

18. Plaintiff incorporates by reference paragraphs 1 through 17. 

19. Pursuant to the Clean Air Act, each state must submit an “Infrastructure” state 

implementation plan that provides for the “implementation, maintenance, and enforcement” of a 

National Ambient Air Quality Standard within three years of a standard’s promulgation or 

revision. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(1). 

20. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to determine whether a state implementation plan 

submittal is administratively complete. See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k)(1)(B). 

21. If a state fails to submit any required state implementation plan, there is no submittal that 

may be deemed administratively complete and EPA must make a determination stating that the 

state failed to submit the required state implementation plan. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(1)(B). 

This is referred to as a “finding of failure to submit.” 

22. Thus, if a state does not submit a state implementation plan, EPA must make a finding of 

failure to submit no later than six months after the date by which the state implementation plan 

submittal was due. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(1)(B). 

23. On March 12, 2008, the EPA promulgated National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 

ozone. See 73 Fed. Reg. 16436-16514 (March 27, 2008). EPA set a new standard limiting ozone 

concentrations to no more than 0.075 parts per million over an 8-hour period. See 40 C.F.R. § 

50.15. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page6 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

6 

COMPLAINT 

24. In accordance with Section 110(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act, States are required to submit 

SIPs to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards within three years of the 

promulgation or revision of a National Ambient Air Quality Standard. See 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(a)(1). In assuring that SIPs attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards in accordance with Section 110(a)(1), States must ensure their SIPs include 

requirements set forth under Section 110(a)(2). See 74 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2). 

25. States must submit Infrastructure SIPs for the 2008 ozone National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards by no later than March 12, 2011. See 73 Fed. Reg. 16436, 16503 (March 27, 2008). 

See also

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/al_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_

26. The state of Tennessee originally submitted a 2008 ozone infrastructure SIP to cover 

Clean Air Act 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). However, via a July 3, 2012 letter, Tennessee withdrew this 

submittal. Therefore, it is currently after September 27, 2011, Tennessee does not have a 2008 

ozone infrastructure SIP 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) submittal and EPA has not made a finding of failure 

to submit this element. 

27. The Administrator is required to make a finding as to whether a State has submitted the 

required SIP no later than six months after the date by which the State was required to submit 

such a SIP. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(1)(B). Thus, EPA must make findings of failure to submit 

SIPs for the 2008 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards by no later than September 12, 

2011. 

28. EPA has not made findings that Tennessee failed to submit the 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) element 

of an Infrastructure SIP for the 2008 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page7 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

7 

COMPLAINT 

29. Thus, EPA is in violation of its mandatory duty with regard to Tennessee for the 

110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) element. 

CLAIM TWO 

(EPA Failure to Take Final Action on States’ Infrastructure State Implementation Plan 

Submittals.) 

30. Plaintiff incorporates by reference paragraphs 1 through 29. 

31. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to determine whether any state implementation plan 

submittal is administratively complete. See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k)(1)(B). 

32. If, six months after a state submits a state implementation plan, EPA has not made the 

completeness finding and has not found the submittal to be incomplete, the submittal is deemed 

administratively complete by operation of law. Id. 

33. EPA must take final action on an administratively complete submittal by approving in 

full, disapproving in full, approving in part and disapproving in part or conditionally approving 

within 12 months of the date of the submittal’s completeness finding. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - 

(4). 

34. EPA has failed to take final action on Alabama’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) – (M) elements. By no later 

than December 14, 2012, either EPA or operation of law deemed Alabama’s state 

implementation plan submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) – (M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP 

Infrastructure Requirements—Alabama (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/al_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

35. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Alabama’s submittal 

that addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by no later than December 14, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(k)(2) - (4). 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page8 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

8 

COMPLAINT 

36. EPA has failed to do so. 

37. EPA has failed to take final action on Alaska’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(D)(i) elements. On October 4, 2011, 

either EPA or operation of law deemed Alaska’s state implementation plan submittal that 

included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(D)(i) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Alaska (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ak_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

38. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Alaska’s submittal that 

addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by October 4, 2012. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

39. EPA has failed to do so. 

40. EPA has failed to take final action on Alaska’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(A)-(C),(D)(ii), (E)-(H), (J)-(M) 

elements. On September 8, 2012, either EPA or operation of law deemed Alaska’s state 

implementation plan submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 110(a)(2)(A)-

(C),(D)(ii), (E)-(H), (J)-(M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP 

Infrastructure Requirements—Alaska (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ak_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013). 

41. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Alaska’s submittal that 

addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by September 8, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - 

(4). 

42. EPA has failed to do so. 

43. EPA has failed to take final action on Arizona’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) – (M) elements. By no later 

than January 3, 2013, either EPA or operation of law deemed Arizona’s state implementation 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page9 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

9 

COMPLAINT 

plan submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – 

(H), (J) – (M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure 

Requirements—Arizona (available 

athttp://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/az_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__20

08_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

44. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Arizona’s submittal that 

addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by no later than January 3, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(k)(2) - (4). 

45. EPA has failed to do so. 

46. EPA has failed to take final action on Colorado’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) – (M) elements. By no 

later than January 2, 2013, either EPA or operation of law deemed Colorado’s state 

implementation plan submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) – (M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP 

Infrastructure Requirements—Colorado (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/co_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ 

 (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

47. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Colorado’s submittal 

that addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by no later than January 2, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(k)(2) - (4). 

48. EPA has failed to do so. 

49. EPA has failed to take final action on Connecticut’s infrastructure state implementation 

plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS 110(a)(2)(A) – (C), (D)(i)(II), (D)(ii), (E) – 

(H), (J) - (M) elements. By no later than January 3, 2013, either EPA or operation of law 

deemed Colorado’s state implementation plan submittal that included the infrastructure 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page10 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

10 

COMPLAINT 

requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – – (C), (D)(i)(II), (D)(ii), (E) – (H), (J) - (M) 

administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

Connecticut (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ct_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ 

 (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

50. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Connecticut’s submittal 

that addresses these infrastructure requirements by approving in full, disapproving in full, or 

approving in part and disapproving in part by no later than January 3, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 

7410(k)(2) - (4). 

51. EPA has failed to do so. 

52. EPA has failed to take final action on Florida’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than April 30, 2012, either EPA or 

operation of law deemed Florida’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II)(Prong 4 visibility 

only). See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Florida (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/fl_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__2008

_ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013). 

53. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Florida’s submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than April 30, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

54. EPA has failed to do so. 

55. EPA has failed to take final action on Georgia’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than September 6, 2012, either EPA 

or operation of law deemed Georgia’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (C), (D)(i)(II) - (H), (J)-(M) 

administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Georgia 

(available at 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page11 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

11 

COMPLAINT 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ga_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013). 

56. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on Georgia’s submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than September 6, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

57. EPA has failed to do so. 

58. EPA has failed to take final action on an Idaho submittal of the infrastructure state 

implementation plan for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. By no later than September 15, 2008, June 

25, 2010, and October 25, 2010, Idaho submitted to EPA a SIP submittal intended to meet the 

infrastructure requirements for the 2008 ozone NAAQS including Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). 

See WildEarth Guardians v. EPA, 11-cv-5651-YGR (N.D.Cal.), “Defendant’s Statement of 

Material Facts in Support of Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment,” Dk. No. 44-3, Fact 2. 

Either EPA or operation of law deemed these submittals administratively complete by no later 

than April 25, 2011. 

59. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to take final action by approving in full, disapproving in 

full, or approving in part and disapproving in part Idaho’s submittals by no later than April 25, 

2012. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

60. EPA has failed to do so for Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). 

61. EPA has failed to take final action on Illinois’ infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than January 2, 2013, either EPA or 

operation of law deemed Illinois’ state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J)-(M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Illinois (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/il_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__2008

_ (last viewed April 21, 2014). 

62. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Illinois submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than January 2, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page12 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

12 

COMPLAINT 

63. EPA has failed to do so. 

64. EPA has failed to take final action on Indiana’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than June 12, 2012, either EPA or 

operation of law deemed Indiana’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J)-(M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Indiana (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/in_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8__ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013). 

65. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Indiana submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than June 12, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

66. EPA has failed to do so. 

67. EPA has failed to take final action on Maryland’s infrastructure state implementation 

plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than January 2, 2013, either EPA 

or operation of law deemed Maryland’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J)-(M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Maryland (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/il_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__2008

_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

68. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Maryland submittal 

by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no 

later than January 2, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

69. EPA has failed to do so. 

70. EPA has failed to take final action on Mississippi’s infrastructure state implementation 

plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than December 18, 2012, either 

EPA or operation of law deemed Mississippi’s state implementation plan submittal that included 

the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J)-(M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Mississippi (available at 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page13 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

13 

COMPLAINT 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ms_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__20

08_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

71. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Mississippi 

submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part 

by no later than December 18, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

72. EPA has failed to do so. 

73. EPA has failed to take final action on North Carolina’s infrastructure state 

implementation plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By not later than November 

15, 2012, either EPA or operation of law deemed North Carolina’s state implementation plan 

submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), 

(J)-(M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

North Carolina (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/nc_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

74. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this North Carolina 

submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part 

by no later than November 15, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

75. EPA has failed to do so. 

76. EPA has failed to take final action on New Hampshire’s infrastructure state 

implementation plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By not later than January 3, 

2013, either EPA or operation of law deemed New Hampshire’s state implementation plan 

submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), 

(J)-(M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

New Hampshire (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/nh_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page14 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

14 

COMPLAINT 

77. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this New Hampshire 

submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part 

by no later than January 3, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

78. EPA has failed to do so. 

79. EPA has failed to take final action on Ohio’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By not later than January 3, 2013, either EPA or 

operation of law deemed Ohio’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J)-(M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Ohio (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/oh_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

80. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Ohio submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than January 3, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

81. EPA has failed to do so. 

82. EPA has failed to take final action on an Oregon submittal of certain requirements of the 

infrastructure state implementation plan for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. By no later than June 23, 

2010, Oregon submitted to EPA a SIP submittal intended to meet the 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) element 

of the infrastructure requirements for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. See WildEarth Guardians v. 

EPA, 11-cv-5651-YGR (N.D.Cal.), “Defendant’s Statement of Material Facts in Support of 

Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment,” Dk. No. 44-3, Fact 4. Either EPA or operation of law 

deemed this Oregon submittal administratively complete by no later than December 23, 2010. 

83. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to take final action by approving in full, disapproving in 

full, or approving in part and disapproving in part Oregon’s 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) submittal by no 

later than December 23, 2011. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

84. EPA has failed to do so. 

85. EPA has failed to take final action on Rhode Island’s infrastructure state implementation 

plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than January 3, 2013, either EPA 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page15 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

15 

COMPLAINT 

or operation of law deemed Rhode Island’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (C), (D)(i)(II), (D)(ii), (E) – (H), 

(J) – (M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

Rhode Island (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/ri_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__2008

_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

86. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than January 3, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

87. EPA has failed to do so. 

88. EPA has failed to take final action on South Carolina’s infrastructure state 

implementation plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than April 24, 

2012, either EPA or operation of law deemed South Carolina’s state implementation plan 

submittal that included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), 

(J) - (M) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

South Carolina (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/sc_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013). 

89. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this South Carolina 

submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part 

by no later than April 24, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) and (3). 

90. EPA has failed to do so. 

91. EPA has failed to take final action on Texas’ infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than December 20, 2012, either EPA 

or operation of law deemed Texas’ state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(A) – (H), (J) - (M) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Texas (available at 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page16 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

16 

COMPLAINT 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/tx_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

92. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Texas submittal by 

approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no later 

than December 20, 2014. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

93. EPA has failed to do so. 

94. EPA has failed to take final action on Virginia’s infrastructure state implementation plan 

submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than December 20, 2012, either EPA 

or operation of law deemed Virginia’s state implementation plan submittal that included the 

infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)(PSD prong) administratively 

complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—Virginia (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/va_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__200

8_ (last viewed July 14, 2014). 

95. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this Virginia submittal 

by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part by no 

later than December 20, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

96. EPA has failed to do so. 

97. EPA has failed to take final action on West Virginia’s infrastructure state implementation 

plan submittal for the 2008 ozone 8-hour NAAQS. By no later than August 22, 2012, either 

EPA or operation of law deemed West Virginia’s state implementation plan submittal that 

included the infrastructure requirements under 42 U.S.C. § 7410(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)(prong 4) and 

(E)(ii) administratively complete. See EPA, Status of State SIP Infrastructure Requirements—

West Virginia (available at 

http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/reports/wv_infrabypoll.html#x110_a__2__ozone__20

08_ (last viewed Dec. 18, 2013); See also DRAFT West Virginia State Implementation Plan 

Revision for Clean Air Act Section 110(a)(2)(A)-(M) Requirements for the 2008 8-Hour Ozone 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards at 7. 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page17 of 18
1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

28 

17 

COMPLAINT 

98. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA is required to take final action on this West Virginia 

submittal by approving in full, disapproving in full, or approving in part and disapproving in part 

by no later than August 22, 2013. See 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(2) - (4). 

99. EPA has failed to do so. 

REQUEST FOR RELIEF 

WHEREFORE, Sierra Club respectfully requests that the Court: 

A. Declare that the Administrator is in violation of the Clean Air Act with regard to her 

failure to perform each mandatory duty listed above; 

B. Issue a mandatory injunction requiring the Administrator to perform her mandatory 

duties by certain dates; 

C. Retain jurisdiction of this matter for purposes of enforcing and effectuating the Court’s 

order; 

D. Grant Sierra Club its reasonable costs of litigation, including attorneys’ and experts’ fees; 

and 

E. Grant such further relief as the Court deems just and proper. 

 Respectfully submitted, 

 

 /s/Kristin A. Henry x

 Kristin A. Henry (Cal. Bar No. 220908) 

Sierra Club 

85 Second Street, 2nd Floor 

San Francisco, CA 94105 

Telephone: (415) 977-5716 

Facsimile: (415) 977-5793 

Kristin.Henry@sierraclub.org

Counsel for Sierra Club 

Dated: July 15, 2014 

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1 Filed07/15/14 Page18 of 18
JS 44 (Rev. 12/12) cand rev (1/15/13) CIVIL COVER SHEET

The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as

provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the

purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ON NEXT PAGE OF THIS FORM.)

I. (a) PLAINTIFFS DEFENDANTS

(b) County of Residence of First Listed Plaintiff County of Residence of First Listed Defendant

(EXCEPT IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES) (IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES ONLY)

NOTE: IN LAND CONDEMNATION CASES, USE THE LOCATION OF 

THE TRACT OF LAND INVOLVED.

 

(c) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone Number) Attorneys (If Known)

II. BASIS OF JURISDICTION(Place an “X” in One Box Only) III. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES (Place an “X” in One Box for Plaintiff

(For Diversity Cases Only) and One Box for Defendant) 

’ 1 U.S. Government ’ 3 Federal Question PTF DEF PTF DEF

Plaintiff (U.S. Government Not a Party) Citizen of This State ’ 1 ’ 1 Incorporated or Principal Place ’ 4 ’ 4

 of Business In This State

’ 2 U.S. Government ’ 4 Diversity Citizen of Another State ’ 2 ’ 2 Incorporated and Principal Place ’ 5 ’ 5

Defendant (Indicate Citizenship of Parties in Item III) of Business In Another State

Citizen or Subject of a ’ 3 ’ 3 Foreign Nation ’ 6 ’ 6

 Foreign Country

IV. NATURE OF SUIT (Place an “X” in One Box Only)

CONTRACT TORTS FORFEITURE/PENALTY BANKRUPTCY OTHER STATUTES

’ 110 Insurance PERSONAL INJURY PERSONAL INJURY ’ 625 Drug Related Seizure ’ 422 Appeal 28 USC 158 ’ 375 False Claims Act

’ 120 Marine ’ 310 Airplane ’ 365 Personal Injury - of Property 21 USC 881 ’ 423 Withdrawal ’ 400 State Reapportionment

’ 130 Miller Act ’ 315 Airplane Product Product Liability ’ 690 Other 28 USC 157 ’ 410 Antitrust

’ 140 Negotiable Instrument Liability ’ 367 Health Care/ ’ 430 Banks and Banking

’ 150 Recovery of Overpayment ’ 320 Assault, Libel & Pharmaceutical PROPERTY RIGHTS ’ 450 Commerce

 & Enforcement of Judgment Slander Personal Injury ’ 820 Copyrights ’ 460 Deportation

’ 151 Medicare Act ’ 330 Federal Employers’ Product Liability ’ 830 Patent ’ 470 Racketeer Influenced and

’ 152 Recovery of Defaulted Liability ’ 368 Asbestos Personal ’ 840 Trademark Corrupt Organizations

 Student Loans ’ 340 Marine Injury Product ’ 480 Consumer Credit

 (Excludes Veterans) ’ 345 Marine Product Liability LABOR SOCIAL SECURITY ’ 490 Cable/Sat TV

’ 153 Recovery of Overpayment Liability PERSONAL PROPERTY ’ 710 Fair Labor Standards ’ 861 HIA (1395ff) ’ 850 Securities/Commodities/

 of Veteran’s Benefits ’ 350 Motor Vehicle ’ 370 Other Fraud Act ’ 862 Black Lung (923) Exchange

’ 160 Stockholders’ Suits ’ 355 Motor Vehicle ’ 371 Truth in Lending ’ 720 Labor/Management ’ 863 DIWC/DIWW (405(g)) ’ 890 Other Statutory Actions

’ 190 Other Contract Product Liability ’ 380 Other Personal Relations ’ 864 SSID Title XVI ’ 891 Agricultural Acts

’ 195 Contract Product Liability ’ 360 Other Personal Property Damage ’ 740 Railway Labor Act ’ 865 RSI (405(g)) ’ 893 Environmental Matters

’ 196 Franchise Injury ’ 385 Property Damage ’ 751 Family and Medical ’ 895 Freedom of Information

’ 362 Personal Injury - Product Liability Leave Act Act

 Medical Malpractice ’ 790 Other Labor Litigation ’ 896 Arbitration

 REAL PROPERTY CIVIL RIGHTS PRISONER PETITIONS ’ 791 Employee Retirement FEDERAL TAX SUITS ’ 899 Administrative Procedure

’ 210 Land Condemnation ’ 440 Other Civil Rights Habeas Corpus: Income Security Act ’ 870 Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff Act/Review or Appeal of 

’ 220 Foreclosure ’ 441 Voting ’ 463 Alien Detainee or Defendant) Agency Decision

’ 230 Rent Lease & Ejectment ’ 442 Employment ’ 510 Motions to Vacate ’ 871 IRS—Third Party ’ 950 Constitutionality of

’ 240 Torts to Land ’ 443 Housing/ Sentence 26 USC 7609 State Statutes

’ 245 Tort Product Liability Accommodations ’ 530 General

’ 290 All Other Real Property ’ 445 Amer. w/Disabilities - ’ 535 Death Penalty IMMIGRATION

 Employment Other: ’ 462 Naturalization Application

’ 446 Amer. w/Disabilities - ’ 540 Mandamus & Other ’ 465 Other Immigration

 Other ’ 550 Civil Rights Actions

’ 448 Education ’ 555 Prison Condition

’ 560 Civil Detainee -

 Conditions of 

 Confinement

V. ORIGIN (Place an “X” in One Box Only)

’ 1 Original

Proceeding

’ 2 Removed from

State Court

’ 3 Remanded from

Appellate Court

’ 4 Reinstated or

Reopened

’ 5 Transferred from

Another District

(specify)

’ 6 Multidistrict

Litigation

VI. CAUSE OF ACTION

Cite the U.S. Civil Statute under which you are filing (Do not cite jurisdictional statutes unless diversity):

Brief description of cause:

VII. REQUESTED IN

 COMPLAINT:

’ CHECK IF THIS IS A CLASS ACTION

UNDER RULE 23, F.R.Cv.P.

DEMAND $ CHECK YES only if demanded in complaint:

JURY DEMAND: ’ Yes ’ No

VIII. RELATED CASE(S)

 IF ANY (See instructions):

JUDGE DOCKET NUMBER

DATE SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD

,;',9,6,21$/$66,*10(17&LYLO/5

(Place an “X” in One Box Only) ( ) SAN FRANCISCO/OAKLAND ( ) SAN JOSE ( ) EUREKA

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1-1 Filed07/15/14 Page1 of 2
JS 44 Reverse (Rev. 12/12)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATTORNEYS COMPLETING CIVIL COVER SHEET FORM JS 44

Authority For Civil Cover Sheet

The JS 44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replaces nor supplements the filings and service of pleading or other papers as

required by law, except as provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September 1974, is

required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. Consequently, a civil cover sheet is submitted to the Clerk of

Court for each civil complaint filed. The attorney filing a case should complete the form as follows:

I.(a) Plaintiffs-Defendants. Enter names (last, first, middle initial) of plaintiff and defendant. If the plaintiff or defendant is a government agency, use 

only the full name or standard abbreviations. If the plaintiff or defendant is an official within a government agency, identify first the agency and 

then the official, giving both name and title.

 (b) County of Residence. For each civil case filed, except U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county where the first listed plaintiff resides at the 

time of filing. In U.S. plaintiff cases, enter the name of the county in which the first listed defendant resides at the time of filing. (NOTE: In land 

condemnation cases, the county of residence of the "defendant" is the location of the tract of land involved.)

 (c) Attorneys. Enter the firm name, address, telephone number, and attorney of record. If there are several attorneys, list them on an attachment, noting

in this section "(see attachment)".

II. Jurisdiction. The basis of jurisdiction is set forth under Rule 8(a), F.R.Cv.P., which requires that jurisdictions be shown in pleadings. Place an "X" 

in one of the boxes. If there is more than one basis of jurisdiction, precedence is given in the order shown below.

United States plaintiff. (1) Jurisdiction based on 28 U.S.C. 1345 and 1348. Suits by agencies and officers of the United States are included here.

United States defendant. (2) When the plaintiff is suing the United States, its officers or agencies, place an "X" in this box.

Federal question. (3) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1331, where jurisdiction arises under the Constitution of the United States, an amendment 

to the Constitution, an act of Congress or a treaty of the United States. In cases where the U.S. is a party, the U.S. plaintiff or defendant code takes 

precedence, and box 1 or 2 should be marked.

Diversity of citizenship. (4) This refers to suits under 28 U.S.C. 1332, where parties are citizens of different states. When Box 4 is checked, the 

citizenship of the different parties must be checked. (See Section III below; NOTE: federal question actions take precedence over diversity 

cases.)

III. Residence (citizenship) of Principal Parties. This section of the JS 44 is to be completed if diversity of citizenship was indicated above. Mark this

section for each principal party.

IV. Nature of Suit. Place an "X" in the appropriate box. If the nature of suit cannot be determined, be sure the cause of action, in Section VI below, is 

sufficient to enable the deputy clerk or the statistical clerk(s) in the Administrative Office to determine the nature of suit. If the cause fits more than 

one nature of suit, select the most definitive.

V. Origin. Place an "X" in one of the six boxes.

Original Proceedings. (1) Cases which originate in the United States district courts.

Removed from State Court. (2) Proceedings initiated in state courts may be removed to the district courts under Title 28 U.S.C., Section 1441. 

When the petition for removal is granted, check this box.

Remanded from Appellate Court. (3) Check this box for cases remanded to the district court for further action. Use the date of remand as the filing 

date.

Reinstated or Reopened. (4) Check this box for cases reinstated or reopened in the district court. Use the reopening date as the filing date.

Transferred from Another District. (5) For cases transferred under Title 28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a). Do not use this for within district transfers or 

multidistrict litigation transfers.

Multidistrict Litigation. (6) Check this box when a multidistrict case is transferred into the district under authority of Title 28 U.S.C. Section 1407. 

When this box is checked, do not check (5) above.

VI. Cause of Action. Report the civil statute directly related to the cause of action and give a brief description of the cause. Do not cite jurisdictional 

statutes unless diversity. Example: U.S. Civil Statute: 47 USC 553 Brief Description: Unauthorized reception of cable service

VII. Requested in Complaint. Class Action. Place an "X" in this box if you are filing a class action under Rule 23, F.R.Cv.P.

Demand. In this space enter the actual dollar amount being demanded or indicate other demand, such as a preliminary injunction.

Jury Demand. Check the appropriate box to indicate whether or not a jury is being demanded.

VIII. Related Cases. This section of the JS 44 is used to reference related pending cases, if any. If there are related pending cases, insert the docket 

numbers and the corresponding judge names for such cases.

Date and Attorney Signature. Date and sign the civil cover sheet.

Case4:14-cv-03198-JSW Document1-1 Filed07/15/14 Page2 of 2