[Cite as In re M.A.G., 2023-Ohio-1756.]

COURT OF APPEALS

FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

IN THE MATTER OF: : JUDGES:

: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.

 M.A.G., : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.

: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

 DOB: 09/08/2014 :

:

: Case No. 2022 CA 0032

:

 : O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Fairfield County 

Court of Common Pleas, Domestic 

Relations Division, Case No. 2015-

PA-0006

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: May 24, 2023

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant J.G. For Defendant-Appellee M.F. 

MICHAEL R. BASSETT LANCE R. GROVE

127 W. Perry Streetm Suite 203 6810 E. Main Street, Suite 302

Port Clinton, Ohio 43452 Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 2

Baldwin, J.

{¶1} Appellant appeals the trial court’s decision to designate appellee that 

residential parent and legal custodian of the parties’ minor child. 

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND THE CASE

{¶2} M.G. was born on September 8, 2014 to appellant J.G. (“appellant”). A 

paternity test was subsequently conducted, the results of which established that appellee 

M.F. (“appellee”) was M.G.’s biological father. On January 12, 2015, the appellant filed a 

complaint to establish paternity, and an administrative order signed by both parties was 

issued naming the appellee as M.G.’s father and ordering him to pay child support to the 

appellant. The administrative order did not, however, allocate parental rights and 

responsibilities. 

{¶3} On April 11, 2018, the appellee filed a motion for allocation of parental rights 

and responsibilities seeking custody of M.G. or, in the alternative, shared parenting. On 

May 11, 2018, he filed a motion for temporary orders for parenting time, which was set 

for hearing on June 25, 2018.

{¶4} The parties reached an agreement on June 25, 2018 in which the appellee 

would have two supervised visits at his parents’ home, and thereafter would have Local 

Rule parenting time to be exercised at his parents’ home. In addition, the appellee could 

exercise mid-week visitation with 24-hour notice, the location of which was not ordered. 

Finally, the parties moved for the appointment of a Guardian Ad Litem (“GAL”). On July 

11, 2018 the trial court issued an order appointing the GAL, and on August 6, 2018 the 

Magistrate issued an Order documenting parties’ agreement regarding visitation. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 3

{¶5} The GAL filed a motion for immediate drug testing, which was granted. In 

addition, the GAL reviewed the pleadings and discussed the matter with the parties’ 

respective counsel. The GAL then conducted an inspection of the appellee’s home and 

determined that it was appropriate for unsupervised parenting time. The appellant was 

opposed to unsupervised parenting time, and on August 20, 2018 filed a motion to remove 

and replace the GAL, alleging bias. The trial court scheduled the motion for a non-oral 

hearing on October 10, 2018.

{¶6} The GAL submitted a memorandum contra to the appellant’s motion on 

October 9, 2018 in which she asserted that, based upon her review of the file and her 

communications with the parties and their counsel, it was her understanding that the 

appellant’s main concerns were the safety of the appellee’s home and his criminal history 

and, because counsel for the parties were unable to reach an agreement on those issues 

for purposes of the temporary orders, they asked her to “weigh in.” She told the parties 

that she did not have concerns regarding the safety of the appellee’s home, or regarding 

his criminal history as related to M.G., and believed unsupervised Local Rule 17 parenting 

time was appropriate. The trial court found that the GAL’s position was not unreasonable, 

and denied the motion to remove and replace. Parenting time as set forth in the trial 

court’s June 25, 2018 order was continued. 

{¶7} On December 21, 2018, the appellee filed a motion for contempt against 

the appellant for refusing to make M.G. available for court ordered parenting time on 

multiple occasions, and for withholding telephone and FaceTime contact between M.G. 

and the appellee. In addition, the appellant failed to respond to requests for admissions, 

and as a result the following was deemed admitted: the appellee was not in any way a 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 4

threat to the well-being, health, or safety of M.G.; the appellant paid money to her older 

daughter to lie to the GAL about the appellee; the appellant physically assaulted the 

appellee within the past six years from the date of the admissions; the appellee is a good 

and loving father in regard to M.G.; M.G. loves the appellee; the appellant denied the 

appellee’s weekday parenting on two occasions; the appellant denied telephone contact 

between M.G. and the appellee; the appellant instructed M.G to call other men “Dad” or 

“Father”; and, the appellant denied weekend parenting time to the appellee on two 

occasions. 

{¶8} On October 1, 2019, the appellant reported to the GAL, for the first time, 

that the appellee had allegedly abused M.G. eight months prior. The allegations had not 

been reported to the GAL earlier, and were not reported to child protective services until 

November 6, 2019. On December 26, 2019, the magistrate granted the appellee 

temporary, unsupervised parenting time pursuant to local rule. The appellant promptly 

moved for modification, seeking an order that the appellee’s parenting time be 

supervised. On February 6, 2020, appellant contacted the police and alleged that the 

appellee had physically abused M.G., and the police contacted child protective services. 

The appellant continued to withhold parenting time from the appellee in contravention of 

court order. 

{¶9} On February 13, 2020, the GAL filed a motion for an emergency ex parte 

custody order alleging emotional maltreatment and abuse of M.G. by the appellant. The 

GAL argued that emergency custody should be granted to the appellee because the 

appellant withheld parenting time from the appellee and continued to allege in M.G.’s 

presence that the appellee physically abused M.G., putting M.G. at risk of emotional 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 5

maltreatment and abuse. The Magistrate granted the motion on February 13, 2020, and 

emergency custody was awarded to the appellee. Further, the Magistrate issued a no 

contact order between appellant and M.G. On February 26, 2020, the Magistrate issued 

a continuing order maintaining the appellee’s emergency custody of M.G.

{¶10} The GAL moved for the appointment of a parenting coordinator on May 11, 

2020, which the trial court granted on June 14, 2020. The appellant thereafter filed various 

motions, including a motion to terminate the parenting coordinator and a motion to modify 

the temporary emergency orders. The Magistrate reaffirmed the appointment of the 

parenting coordinator. On April 30, 2021, the GAL submitted an updated report in which 

she recommended that the appellee remain the custodial parent and that the appellant 

have supervised parenting time. 

{¶11} A final hearing took place on May 3, 4, and 5, 2021, and November 22, 

2021, before the Magistrate on the following: the appellee’s motion for allocation of 

parental rights and responsibilities; the appellee’s motion for a ruling of contempt against 

the appellant; the GAL’s motion for contempt and other relief upon appellant; and, the 

GAL’s motion for contempt and other relief upon appellee. The court heard testimony from

Heather Stoneburner of the Fairfield County Protective Services; the appellee’s mother; 

Paul Dalton, a co-worker and friend of the appellee; the appellee; the appellant; the 

appellee’s longtime friend and, at the time, girlfriend; Dr. Amy Belcastro-Andrews, the 

appellant’s counselor; Michael Ramsey, the appellant’s former boyfriend; Dr. Amy 

Armstrong, the parenting coordinator; Officer Nathan Fries of the Pickerington Police 

Department; Tara Randall, a former acquaintance of the appellant; K.G., the appellant’s 

daughter and M.G.’s half-sister; and, Kathryn Cornelius-Blume, the GAL. In addition, over 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 6

fifty exhibits were admitted. The Magistrate heard the testimony, reviewed the exhibits, 

and on January 3, 2022 issued a decision in which she, inter alia, designated the appellee 

M.G.’s residential parent and legal custodian. The appellant thereafter filed timely 

objections to the Magistrate’s Decision.

{¶12} The trial court, stating that the case had had significant delays due in part 

to COVID and in part to the fact that the appellant had retained the services of five 

separate attorneys resulting in continuances, issued a sixty-four (64) page judgment entry 

on July 13, 2022 in which it made detailed findings on the case history and custody, 

parenting time of the non-residential parent, child support, tax exemptions, contempts, 

and other items. The trial court found, inter alia, that the crux of the case was the 

appellant’s unwillingness to acknowledge that M.G. should have a relationship with the 

appellee, and whether the appellant had endangered M.G.’s mental health and emotional 

health with her efforts to keep appellee and M.G. apart. Indeed, the record reveals that 

the appellant denied the appellee’s parenting time on thirty-four (34) occasions. 

{¶13} After reviewing all of the evidence adduced during the four day trial, the trial 

court ordered that appellee shall be M.G.’s residential parent and legal custodian; that the 

appellant shall have supervised parenting time not less than one time per week as 

scheduled through a visitation center; that the appellant may have FaceTime calls with 

M.G. at least one time per week, and more by agreement of the parties; and, that the 

appellant may send M.G. gifts, cards, or family pictures, and the appellee shall ensure 

that M.G. receives said items so long as they are appropriate. The trial court ordered

further that neither party shall disparage the other or speak negatively about other in the 

presence of M.G., and shall not allow others to do so. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 7

{¶14} The appellant has appealed, setting forth the following four assignments of 

error:

{¶15} “1. THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO MAKE THE STATUTORILY 

REQUIRED FINDINGS IN AWARDING CUSTODY TO APPELLEE, WHO HAD BEEN 

CONVICTED OF A CRIME AGAINST A HOUSEHOLD MEMBER RESULTING IN 

PHYSICAL HARM, AND DID NOT GIVE APPROPRIATE WEIGHT TO THE RELATED 

STATUTORY FACTOR.”

{¶16} “2. THE COURT OVERRELIED [SIC] UPON THE GUARDIAN’S REPORT, 

AND THE LACK OF OVERSIGHT OF THE GUARDIAN DEPRIVED APPELLANT OF 

HER FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTY INTEREST IN THE CUSTODY OF HER CHILD.”

{¶17} “3. THE COURT OVEREMPHASIZED THE ISSUE OF WHICH PARENT 

WAS MORE LIKELY TO HONOR AND FACILITATE VISITAITON [SIC] UNDER 

§3109.04(F)(1).”

{¶18} “4. THE DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE 

EVIDENCE.”

STANDARD OF REVIEW

{¶19} A trial court enjoys broad discretion in custody proceedings. Davis v. 

Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 1997-Ohio-260, 674 N.E.2d 1159, paragraph one 

of the syllabus. Accordingly, a trial court's decision may not be disturbed unless the trial 

court has abused its discretion. Id.; see, also, Miller v. Miller (1988), 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 

523 N.E.2d 846. 

{¶20} In order to rise to the level of an abuse of discretion, the trial court's decision 

must be unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable, and not merely an error of law or 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 8

judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983) 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140. 

Furthermore, a judgment supported by some competent, credible evidence will not be 

reversed by a reviewing court as against the manifest weight of the evidence. C.E. Morris 

Co. v. Foley Construction Co. (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578; Myers v. 

Garson, 66 Ohio St.3d 610, 614, 1993-Ohio-9, 614 N.E.2d 742. “The reason for this 

standard of review is that the trial judge has the best opportunity to view the demeanor, 

attitude, and credibility of each witness, something that does not translate well on the 

written page.” Davis, supra, at 418.

{¶21} As an appellate court reviewing evidence in custody matters, we do not 

function as fact finders. We neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of 

witnesses. “Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent, and credible 

evidence upon which the fact finder could base his or her judgment.” Dinger v. Dinger, 

5th Dist. Stark No. 2001CA00039, 2001-Ohio-1386, at 1. Because custody issues are 

some of the most difficult and agonizing decisions a trial judge must make, he or she must 

have wide latitude in considering all the evidence. Davis, supra.

{¶22} The trial court is “best able to view the witnesses and observe their 

demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the 

credibility of the proffered testimony.” Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 

461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). Deferential review in a child custody determination is especially 

crucial “where there may be much evidence by the parties’ demeanor and attitude that 

does not translate to the record well.” Davis, supra. We are mindful that the knowledge a 

trial court gains through observing the witnesses and the parties in a custody proceeding 

cannot be conveyed to a reviewing court by a printed record, and the reviewing court 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 9

should be guided by the presumption that the trial court's findings were correct. Miller, 

supra, at 74.

ANALYSIS

Assignment of Error Number 1

{¶23} The appellant submits that the trial court failed to make statutorily required 

findings of fact regarding the appellee’s 2015 plea to assault of the appellant, and did not 

give appropriate weight to the related statutory factor in the best interest analysis. We 

disagree. 

{¶24} R.C. 3109.04 addresses the consideration of past criminal conduct in the 

allocation of parental rights and responsibilities, and provides in pertinent part: 

(C) If the court determines that either parent previously has been convicted 

of or pleaded guilty to any criminal offense involving any act that resulted in 

a child being a neglected child, that either parent previously has been 

determined to be the perpetrator of the neglectful act that is the basis of an 

adjudication that a child is a neglected child, or that there is reason to 

believe that either parent has acted in a manner resulting in a child being a 

neglected child, the court shall consider that fact against naming that parent 

the residential parent and against granting a shared parenting decree. 

When the court allocates parental rights and responsibilities for the care of 

children or determines whether to grant shared parenting in any proceeding, 

it shall consider whether either parent or any member of the household of 

either parent has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of section 

2919.25 of the Revised Code or a sexually oriented offense involving a 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 10

victim who at the time of the commission of the offense was a member of 

the family or household that is the subject of the proceeding, has been 

convicted of or pleaded guilty to any sexually oriented offense or other 

offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the offense 

was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the 

proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of the 

offense, or has been determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive act 

that is the basis of an adjudication that a child is an abused child. If the court 

determines that either parent has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a 

violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code or a sexually oriented 

offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the offense 

was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the 

proceeding, has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any sexually oriented 

offense or other offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission 

of the offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject 

of the proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission 

of the offense, or has been determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive 

act that is the basis of an adjudication that a child is an abused child, it may 

designate that parent as the residential parent and may issue a shared 

parenting decree or order only if it determines that it is in the best interest 

of the child to name that parent the residential parent or to issue a shared 

parenting decree or order and it makes specific written findings of fact to 

support its determination. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 11

{¶25} The appellee was not charged with an offense that would result in M.G. 

being adjudicated a neglected or abused child. He was not convicted of, nor did he plead 

guilty to, domestic violence in violation of R.C. 2919.25, or a sexually oriented offense. 

The portion of R.C. 3109.04(C) that applies to the appellee, in light of his 2015 guilty plea 

to assault, is the language regarding an “other offense involving a victim who at the time 

of the commission of the offense was a member of the family or household that is the 

subject of the proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of 

the offense.” Thus, in order to designate the appellee as residential parent the trial court 

was required to determine that such an allocation was in the best interest of M.G., and

was required to make specific written findings of fact to support its determination, both of 

which the trial court satisfied in its sixty-four (64) page judgment entry. 

{¶26} With regard to the appellee’s 2015 guilty plea to assault, the trial court made 

the following findings of fact:

266. On November 10, 2014, charges were filed against DefendantFather in Case No. CRB1402786B. (Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5, admitted without 

objection.) The charges were assault and domestic violence regarding the 

August 11, 2014 incident, where Plaintiff-Mother alleged that DefendantFather had punched her in the arm.

267. On April 10 2015, Defendant-Father pled guilty to one charge of 

assault against Plaintiff-Mother. The domestic violence charge was 

dismissed. He received a suspended sentence of 180 days, was placed on 

two years of non-reporting probation, was ordered to participate in an 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 12

assessment for counseling and follow the recommendations, and was 

allowed to have peaceful contact with Plaintiff-Mother.

268. Defendant’s Exhibit 2 (Defendant’s Video 1, track 4 on a thumb drive) 

is video from the plea hearing in the assault case. Plaintiff-Mother agreed 

with the plea agreement, including dropping of the charge of domestic 

violence. (Defendant’s Exhibit 2, admitted without objection.)

269. Plaintiff-Mother testified at the criminal hearing that she had “no fear 

for her personal safety” concerning Defendant-Father and that she “gets 

along ok with Mike.” (Defendant’s Exhibit 2, admitted without objection.) 

270. Defendant-Father also gave a statement at the sentencing hearing 

that he “never hit a woman in his life,” and that he pled to assault because 

he did not want a domestic violence conviction on his record. (Defendant’s 

Exhibit 2.) 

271. The parties lived together with the minor child from 2016 until they 

broke up on May 25, 2017. (Plaintiff’s Exhibit 5, admitted without objection.) 

272. Defendant-Father testified that he signed the Parenting Proceeding 

Affidavit dated April 11, 2018, and failed to list his conviction for assault.

(Plaintiff’s Exhibit 7, admitted without objection.)

273. As of June 6, 2018, Defendant-Father’s probation was terminated, 

and the criminal case was closed. Plaintiff-Mother does not believe that 

Defendant-Father was assessed for counseling. The psychological 

evaluation of Defendant-Father, completed by David J. Tennenbaum, Ph.D. 

as part of this custody proceeding, admitted in evidence as Plaintiff’s Exhibit 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 13

8, found Defendant-Father to be an “emotionally well-functioning adult 

personality.” 

274. At the custody trial hearings in May 2021, Plaintiff-Mother admitted 

that she said she felt safe with Defendant-Father. She also admitted that 

she received no treatment for the assault. She testified that she never gave 

the police medical information.

275. Defendant-Father testified in this hearing that an assault did not 

occur.

276. Defendant-Father testified that the above assault conviction is the 

only criminal conviction he has.

{¶27} In addition, the trial court made findings in which it determined that it was in 

M.G.’s best interest to designate the appellee as her residential parent:

361. When asked how Plaintiff-Mother could fulfill her goals, Amy 

Armstrong, Parenting Coordinator, testified that Plaintiff-Mother must 

develop coping skills to share parenting time with Defendant-Father 

including not making disparaging remarks about Defendant-Father. She 

further testified that Plaintiff-Mother would not cooperate and suggested to 

the Parenting Coordinator that she “does not know what she went through.” 

362. Plaintiff-Mother testified that she heard the conditions requested by 

the Parenting Coordinator. She testified that she would give the minor child 

permission to love her dad, Defendant-Father. She testified that she has 

regrets. She testified that it is accurate to say the minor child does well in 

Defendant-Father’s care, but Plaintiff-Mother states that the minor child 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 14

does better in her (Plaintiff-Mother’s) care. Despite this testimony of 

Plaintiff-Mother presented at trial, throughout the duration of this litigation, 

from April 18, 2018 through November 22, 2021, the final day of trial, 

Plaintiff-Mother’s actions have not met those statements.

363. Plaintiff-Mother testified that she does not really understand what a 

“functional co-parenting relationship” is.

364. The Magistrate appointed a Parenting Coordinator to facilitate 

Plaintiff-Mother’s parenting time with the minor child. The Parenting 

Coordinator testified that Plaintiff-Mother did not meet her goals. DefendantFather, the Guardian ad Litem and the Parenting Coordinator testified that 

Plaintiff-Mother has specifically not been able to give the minor child 

permission to love and enjoy her dad; the acknowledge that the minor child 

is doing well in Defendant-Father’s care; to acknowledge that it would hurt 

the minor child to undermine the relationship with Defendant-Father, and to 

show a general interest in the minor child’s day-to-day life.

365. It is in the best interest of the minor child that Defendant-Father, 

[M.F.], be named her residential parent and legal custodian. DefendantFather has attempted to engage Plaintiff-Mother in the minor child’s life. The 

reverse is not true. Plaintiff-Mother fought to keep Defendant-Father out of 

the minor child’s life, regardless of what is good for the minor child. The 

minor child suffered mental and emotional stress because of PlaintiffMother’s actions. Plaintiff-Mother had many opportunities to work with 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 15

Defendant-Father, through the Guardian ad Litem and the Parenting 

Coordinator, for parenting time and she was unable or unwilling to do so. 

366. The Defendant-Father can meet the minor child’s physical, mental, 

and emotional needs. He has been her sole parent since February 2020.

* * *

375. The crux of this case is Plaintiff-Mother’s unwillingness to 

acknowledge that the minor child should have a relationship with 

Defendant-Father. According to the testimony referenced above, PlaintiffMother has endangered the minor child’s mental health and emotional 

health with her efforts to keep Defendant-Father and the minor child apart.

376. Plaintiff-Mother has not taken advantage of opportunities to 

reconnect with the minor child during in-person supervised parenting time 

at Care-Fit while this action has been pending. Further, Defendant-Father 

offered to provide a supervisor at his home and offered that he would not 

be present when Plaintiff-Mother is there.

377. Plaintiff-Mother does not participate in FaceTime calls on Mondays, 

other than to watch [K.G.] and the minor child interact and to say hello and 

“I love you.”

378. Defendant-Father testified that Care-Fit had available an 

appointment on Wednesdays from 6:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m. for PlaintiffMother to visit with the minor child in person as of the last date of the 

hearing, November 22, 2021, Plaintiff-Mother had chosen not to have inperson supervised visits in person with the minor child.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 16

379. On November 22, 2021, Defendant-Father testified that PlaintiffMother has not undertaken any initiatives to his knowledge to meet the 

conditions of the Parenting Coordinator to begin unsupervised parenting 

time since May 2021.

380. The parties are using Our Family Wizard for communication. 

Defendant-Father testified in November 2021 that they have communicated 

three or four times since May 2021.

381. Plaintiff-Mother testified that she cannot deal with Defendant-Father 

because of abuse.

382. At one point, Plaintiff-Mother participated in counseling that was 

supposed to help her move forward in learning to parent with DefendantFather. It is unclear whether she is still engaged in counseling.

383. Plaintiff-Mother’s behavior in limiting contact between the minor child 

and Defendant-Father, telling the minor child that Defendant-Father hit 

them, or telling the minor child that Defendant-Father is not her father 

anymore has put the child at risk of anxiety, confusion, and mental distress. 

Such behavior is not in the best interest of the minor child.

384. In addition, Plaintiff-Mother has not used the parenting time available 

to her. She does not wish to travel to Marion to see the minor child once a 

week, even though she only works on Friday and Saturday nights and has 

no children at home. She takes only a small part in FaceTime calls with the 

minor child, really only observes while her daughter [K.G.] interacts with the 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 17

minor child. She rejected an opportunity to give the minor child a Christmas 

gift wherein she would have had no contact with the Defendant-Father.

385. It is difficult to find a path forward under these circumstances unless 

Plaintiff-Mother chooses to do the work necessary to reestablish her 

relations with the minor child.

386. Defendant Father has shown that he is able to provide a stable home 

for the minor child and to recognize what is in her best interest.

387. Supervised parenting time for Plaintiff-Mother is in the best interest 

of the minor child at this time. 

{¶28} We find that the trial court made the necessary statutory findings regarding 

the appellee’s criminal conduct, as well as what was in M.G.’s best interest, in rendering 

its decision. The trial court did not abuse its discretion, and the appellant’s assignment of 

error number 1 is overruled.

Assignments of Error Numbers 2 & 3

{¶29} Assignment of error numbers 2 and 3 both deal with evaluating the factors 

the trial court must consider in determining what is M.G.’s best interest, and as such we 

will address them together. 

{¶30} The appellant submits in her second assignment of error that the trial court 

“overrelied” on the GAL report and that a lack of GAL oversight deprived her of a 

fundamental liberty interest. She submits in her third assignment of error that the trial 

court overemphasized the issue of which party would be more likely to honor and facilitate 

visitation. We disagree. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 18

{¶31} The GAL was appointed by the Magistrate on July 22, 2018 pursuant to 

R.C. 3109.04(B)(2)(a) and Civ.R. 75(B)(2) following the June 25, 2018 hearing and the 

parties’ request for a GAL. On August 7, 2018 the GAL moved for an order that both 

parties submit to drug testing. In addition, she reviewed the pleadings and discussed the 

matter with the parties’ respective counsel, as well as the parties, and conducted an 

inspection of the appellee’s home to determine whether it was appropriate for 

unsupervised parenting time. 

{¶32} The appellant was opposed to unsupervised parenting time, and on August 

20, 2018 filed a motion to remove and replace the GAL, alleging bias. The GAL filed a 

brief contra on October 9, 2018 to which she attached emails documenting her 

communications with the parties’ counsel, and her statement for services which outlined

her work on matter. The GAL submitted that, based upon her communications with the 

parties and their counsel, it was her understanding that the parties had entered into an 

agreed entry with regard to temporary orders, including visitation as set forth therein, that 

the appellant’s main concerns were the safety of appellee’s home and his criminal history, 

and that because counsel for the parties were unable to reach an agreement on that issue 

they asked her to “weigh in.” The appellee also filed a brief in response to the appellee’s 

motion to remove the GAL. The Magistrate undertook a non-oral consideration of the 

issue and denied the motion to remove and replace the GAL. 

{¶33} Thus, the trial court did engage in oversight of the GAL, and considered the 

appellant’s arguments regarding the efficacy of the GAL’s work on the matter. Ultimately, 

the trial court ruled that the GAL was acting reasonably in the exercise of her duties as 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 19

GAL. The appellant’s disagreement with the conclusions of the GAL is not a sufficient 

basis upon which to remove her, nor does it provide the basis for reversal. 

{¶34} Furthermore, R.C. 3109.04(F) states that the trial court consider all relevant 

factors when determining what is in a child’s best interest, and provides:

(F)(1) In determining the best interest of a child pursuant to this section, 

whether on an original decree allocating parental rights and responsibilities 

for the care of children or a modification of a decree allocating those rights 

and responsibilities, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, 

but not limited to:

(a) The wishes of the child's parents regarding the child's care;

(b) If the court has interviewed the child in chambers pursuant to division 

(B) of this section regarding the child's wishes and concerns as to the 

allocation of parental rights and responsibilities concerning the child, the 

wishes and concerns of the child, as expressed to the court;

(c) The child's interaction and interrelationship with the child's parents, 

siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the child's best 

interest;

(d) The child's adjustment to the child's home, school, and community;

(e) The mental and physical health of all persons involved in the 

situation;

(f) The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-approved 

parenting time rights or visitation and companionship rights;
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 20

(g) Whether either parent has failed to make all child support payments, 

including all arrearages, that are required of that parent pursuant to a child 

support order under which that parent is an obligor;

(h) Whether either parent or any member of the household of either 

parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any criminal 

offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused child or a 

neglected child; whether either parent, in a case in which a child has been 

adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child, previously has been 

determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act that is the 

basis of an adjudication; whether either parent or any member of the 

household of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded 

guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code or a sexually 

oriented offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the 

offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the 

current proceeding; whether either parent or any member of the household 

of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any 

offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the offense 

was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the current 

proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of the 

offense; and whether there is reason to believe that either parent has acted 

in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or a neglected child;
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 21

(i) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents subject to a 

shared parenting decree has continuously and willfully denied the other 

parent's right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the court;

(j) Whether either parent has established a residence, or is planning to 

establish a residence, outside this state.

(2) In determining whether shared parenting is in the best interest of the 

children, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not 

limited to, the factors enumerated in division (F)(1) of this section, the 

factors enumerated in section 3119.23 of the Revised Code, and all of the 

following factors:

(k) The ability of the parents to cooperate and make decisions jointly, 

with respect to the children;

(l) The ability of each parent to encourage the sharing of love, affection, 

and contact between the child and the other parent;

(m) Any history of, or potential for, child abuse, spouse abuse, other 

domestic violence, or parental kidnapping by either parent;

(n) The geographic proximity of the parents to each other, as the 

proximity relates to the practical considerations of shared parenting;

(o) The recommendation of the guardian ad litem of the child, if the child 

has a guardian ad litem.

(3) When allocating parental rights and responsibilities for the care of 

children, the court shall not give preference to a parent because of that 

parent's financial status or condition.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 22

{¶35} As set forth above, the trial court spent four days in trial on this matter during 

which it heard the testimony of twelve witnesses in addition to the GAL, one of which was 

the court-appointed parenting coordinator, and admitted over fifty exhibits. The trial court 

was in the best position to ascertain the veracity of the witnesses and make a 

determination regarding the facts of this case, and spent sixty-four pages discussing how 

the best interest factors listed in R.C. 3109.04(F) applied to those facts. The trial court did 

not disproportionately consider the GAL report, but rather, considered evidence as to all 

the requisite factors. There was testimony from the parties, as well as their respective 

family members and other witnesses. There was also testimony from a law enforcement 

official, a representative of child protective services, a counselor, and a parenting 

coordinator. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in its best interest analysis. 

Accordingly, the appellant’s assignments of error numbers 2 and 3 are overruled. 

Assignment of Error No. 4

{¶36} The appellant submits in her fourth assignment of error that the trial court’s 

decision was against the weight of the evidence. We disagree.

Weight of the evidence concerns “the inclination of the greater 

amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the 

issue rather than the other. It indicates clearly to the jury that the party 

having the burden of proof will be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing the 

evidence in their minds, they shall find the greater amount of credible 

evidence sustains the issue which is to be established before them. Weight 

is not a question of mathematics, but depends on its effect in inducing 

belief.”
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 23

(Emphasis sic.) Id. at 387, 678 N.E.2d 541, quoting Black's at 1594.

Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St. 3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12 (citing 

State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997), paragraph two of the 

syllabus.) 

{¶37} The appellant argues that the trial court acted unreasonably, arbitrarily, and 

unconscionably, and its decision was therefore against the weight of the evidence 

because the appellant had been M.G.’s “primary and sole caretaker her entire life,” M.G. 

was doing well in her care, and “appellee’s involvement was sporadic at best and only 

when it met appellee’s convenience;” the appellee “was shown to be an abusive, 

manipulative, individual who the trial court found not be not credible;” and, the appellant 

“was shown to have been upset in situations which it was not unusual for her to be upset. 

However, there had been substantial compliance with the visitation laid out by the Court.”

{¶38} The record belies the appellant’s claims. First, the evidence establishes 

that, at least for some period of time after M.G.’s birth, the parties lived together. In 

addition, M.G. had been in the appellee’s custody since February 26, 2020. Finally, 

evidence was presented that the appellant endangered M.G.’s mental and emotional 

health with her efforts to keep the appellee and M.G. apart by telling M.G. that the 

appellee hit them and that he was not her father anymore, which put the child at risk of 

anxiety, confusion, and mental distress. 

{¶39} Second, the appellant has not cited to where in the record the trial court 

specifically found the appellee to be not credible. Regardless, the trial court was in the 

best position to ascertain the veracity of the numerous witnesses who provided testimony 

in this matter and to render its decision based upon the evidence presented.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 24

{¶40} Third, the appellant’s assertion that “there had been substantial compliance 

with the visitation laid out by the Court” is wholly inaccurate in light of the fact that she 

denied the appellee’s parenting time on thirty-four (34) occasions. 

{¶41} The father in Blessing v. Blessing, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2019-01-011, 

2019-Ohio-3951, appealed the trial court’s decision to modify a shared parenting plan 

and designate the child’s mother as the residential parent and legal custodian, alleging 

inter alia that the decision was against the weight of the evidence. While Blessing

addressed a change in the allocation of parental rights as opposed to an initial allocation 

as this case, its analysis of the weight of the evidence issue is nonetheless instructive:

. . . A manifest weight of the evidence challenge concerns “ ‘the inclination 

of the greater amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one 

side of the issue rather than the other.’ ” (Emphasis omitted.) Eastley v. 

Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 12, 972 N.E.2d 517, 

quoting State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 

(1997). “In reviewing the manifest weight of the evidence, this court weighs 

the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of 

witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the 

finder of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of 

justice that the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” Brown 

v. Brown, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2018-08-064, 2019-Ohio-2164, ¶ 30, 

citing Eastley at ¶ 20. “[R]eversing a judgment on manifest weight grounds 

should only be done in exceptional circumstances, when the evidence 

weighs heavily against the judgment.” Jones v. Wall, 12th Dist. Warren No. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 25

CA2015-10-088, 2016-Ohio-2780, ¶ 14, citing In re G.S., 10th Dist. Franklin 

No. 05AP-1321, 2006-Ohio-2530, ¶ 4.

Id. at 14. 

{¶42} The trial court heard from over a dozen witnesses, and reviewed over fifty 

exhibits. It prepared a detailed analysis of the facts and the requisite statutory factors in 

rendering its decision regarding the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities in this 

case. 

{¶43} The case sub judice “is not one of those exceptional cases where the 

domestic relations court clearly lost its way so as to create a manifest miscarriage of 

justice.” Id. at 19. The trial court’s finding that it was in M.G.’s best interest to designate 

the appellee as her residential parent and legal custodian was not an abuse of discretion, 

nor was it against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, appellant’s 

assignment of error number 4 is overruled. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2022 CA 0032 26

CONCLUSION

{¶44} Based upon the foregoing, the appellant’s assignments of error are 

overruled, and the decision of the Fairfield Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic 

Relations is affirmed.

By: Baldwin, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Delaney, J. concur.