## STATE OF CONNECTICUT v

. JUSTIN SKIPWITH (SC 19608)
Rogers, C. J., and Palmer, Eveleigh, McDonald, Espinosa,

Robinson and D’Auria, Js.*

Syllabus

Pursuant to the victim’s rights amendment set forth in the state constitution (Conn. Const., amend. XXIX [b]), in a criminal prosecution, the victim has the right to make a statement to the court objecting to or supporting any plea agreement prior to the court’s acceptance of that plea, and to make a statement to the court at sentencing. The plaintiffin error, whose daughter had died as a result ofthe defendant’s criminal conduct, filed a writ of error in this court, claiming that the trialcourthadimproperlydismissedhermotiontovacatethedefendant’s sentence. The plaintiff in error had not been afforded an opportunity to objecttothepleaagreementbetweenthe defendantandthe defendant in error, the state’s attorney for the judicial district of Waterbury, or to make a statement at the defendant’s sentencing. After learning that the defendant had been sentenced, the plaintiffin error filed her motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence on the ground that her rights under the victim’s rights amendment had been violated. The trial court concluded that the defendant’s sentence was not illegal and dismissed the motion for lack ofjurisdiction. After this court transferred the writ of error to the Appellate Court, that court dismissed the writ of error, concluding that the rule ofpractice (§ 43-22) providing that a court may correct an illegal sentence or a sentence imposed in an illegal manner did not authorize the trial court to vacate the defendant’s sentence. The Appellate Court reasoned that the plaintiff in error provided no authority supporting the proposition that the defendant’s sentence was imposed in an illegal mannerbecause ithadviolated ofthevictim’s constitutional rights. On the granting of certification, the plaintiff in error appealed to this court, claiming that she was entitled to have the defendant’s sentencevacated due to the factthat itwas imposed in an illegal manner because she had not been afforded her rights under the victim’s rights amendment. The defendant in error claimed, inter alia, that this court lackedjurisdiction over the writ of error because there was no express constitutional or statutory provision granting either this court or the Appellate Courtjurisdiction over a writ of error seeking to enforce the victim’s rights amendment. Held that this court had jurisdiction over the writ of error and had the authority to transfer it to the Appellate Court but upheld the Appellate Court’s dismissal of the writ of error because it sought a form ofreliefthat was barred by the victim’s rights amendment: because a writ of error is a common-law remedy, the lack of any express constitutional or statutory authorization for a victim to file a writ of error from a ruling ofthe trial court implicating his or her rights under the victim’s rights amendment did not affect this court’s jurisdiction, as long as the victim fell within the class ofpersons entitled tofileawritoferrorandnoconstitutionalorstatutoryprovisiondeprived this court ofjurisdiction; furthermore, the clauses in the victim’s rights amendment providing that the legislature shall provide by law for its enforcement and that it shall not be construed as creating a basis for vacating a conviction or ground for appellate reliefin any criminal case did not deprive this court of jurisdiction, as the legislative history of the amendment indicated that the legislature contemplated that victims would be able to seek relief in the courts and that appellate courts would have a role in interpreting and implementing the amendment, and the bar on appellate relief did not deprive this court ofjurisdiction but, rather, prohibited this court from granting any relief that would directly affect thejudgment in a criminal case or otherwise abridge the substantive rights of a defendant; moreover, although the plaintiff in

error had standing to file the writ of error to enforce her constitutional rights, because she sought a form of relief that was barred by the prohibition on appellate relief contained in the victim’s rights amendment, specifically, an order requiring the trial court to vacate the defen-dant’s sentence, this court upheld the Appellate Court’s dismissal ofthe

writ of error on this alternative ground.

(One justice concurring separately) Argued April 5—officially released August 15, 2017

Procedural History 

## Writ oferror from the decision ofthe Superior Court in the judicial district of Waterbury, Fasano, Js., dismissing the plaintiff in error’s petition for a writ of
error coram nobis and dismissing the plaintiffin error’s motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence, brought to this court, whichtransferredthe mattertotheAppellate Court, Gruendel,Alvord andMullins, Js.;judgment dismissing the writ or error, from which the plaintiff in error, on the granting of certification, appealed to this court. Affirmed. Jeffrey D. Brownstein, for the appellant (plaintiff in
error Tabatha Cornell).
Denise B. Smoker, senior assistant state’s attorney, with whom, on the brief, were Maureen Platt, state’s attorney, and Jason Germain, senior assistant state’s attorney, for the appellee (defendant in error state’s attorney for the judicial district of Waterbury).Opinion 

## ROGERS, C. J. The question that we must answer in this certified appeal is whether a crime victim who has beendeprivedofherstate constitutionalrightsto object toapleaagreementbetweenthestateandthe defendant and to make a statement at the sentencing hearing is entitled to have the defendant’s sentence vacated so thatshe mayattendanewsentencinghearingandgive a statement. The defendant, Justin Skipwith, was charged with, inter alia, manslaughter inthe second degree with
a motor vehicle after the vehicle that he was driving struck and killed Brianna Washington, the daughter of the plaintiff in error, Tabatha Cornell. Although the plaintiff in error notified the defendant in error, the state’s attorney for the judicial district of Waterbury (state), that she was invoking her rights as a victim of the crime pursuant to article first, § 8, ofthe Connecticut constitution, as amended by articles seventeen and twenty-nine of the amendments,1 

## she was not afforded
an opportunityto objectto the pleaagreementbetween the defendant and the state or to make a statement at the defendant’s sentencing hearing. Thereafter, the plaintiff in error filed a motion to vacate the sentence, which the trial court dismissed for lack ofsubject matter jurisdiction.2 

## The plaintiff in error then filed a writ of error claiming that the trial court improperly dismissed her motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence, naming the state as the defendant in error.3 

## See State

v. Skipwith, 159 Conn. App. 502, 503, 123 A.3d 104 (2015). The Appellate Court determined that the trial court hadproperly concludedthat it lackedjurisdiction to entertain the motion to vacate and dismissed the writ of error. Id., 512. We then granted the plaintiff in error’s petition for certification to appeal.4 

## We affirm the judgment of the Appellate Court on the alternative ground that the writ of error must be dismissed on the merits5 

## because it seeks a form of relief that is barred bythevictim’srightsamendment. Accordingly, we need not reach the question of whether the Appellate Court properly found that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain the plaintiffin error’s motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence. The undisputed facts ofthis case are set forth in the opinion of the Appellate Court; see id., 503–506; and need not be repeated here, as the state concedes that the plaintiff in error was denied her right under article first, § 8, as amended, to object to the plea and to give
astatementatthe defendant’ssentencing. Conn. Const., amend. XXIX (b) (7) and (8). After learning that the defendant had been sentenced, the plaintiff in error filedamotiontovacatethesentencebasedonviolations of the victim’s rights amendment. The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion, at which the plaintiff in error and a family friend gave statements, and ultimately dismissed the motion for lack ofjurisdiction on

## the ground that the sentence was not illegal. Id., 505–506.
The plaintiff in error then filed this writ of error challengingthe decisionofthetrialcourt. TheAppellate Court concluded that the trial court properly had dismissed the motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence, and then dismissed the writ of error on the merits. Id., 512. The Appellate Court reasoned that Practice Book § 43-226 

## authorizes the trial courtto ‘‘correct asentence imposed in an illegal manner,’’ and the plaintiffin error had provided ‘‘no authority supporting the proposition that a defendant’s sentence is imposed in an illegal
manner

. . . when the sentencing proceeding was conducted in violation of the victim’s constitutional right to be present.’’ (Citation omitted; emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 510–12. In addition, the Appellate Court observed that victims have
no statutory authority to seek to vacate a defendant’s conviction. Id., 512. This certified appeal followed.
The plaintiff in error contends that, contrary to the Appellate Court’s determination, because the defendant’s sentence was imposed without affording her the right under article first, § 8, as amended, to give a statement at the defendant’s sentencing, the sentence was ‘‘imposed in an illegal manner’’ forpurposes ofPractice Book § 43-22, and, therefore, she was entitled to have thesentencevacated. Thestate contendsthattheAppellate Court correctly determined that the trial court had properly dismissed the plaintiff in error’s motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence and further claims, essentiallyas an alternative groundforaffirmance, that, inthe absence ofanyexpress constitutionalorstatutory provision, both the Appellate Court and this court lack jurisdiction to entertain a writ of error seeking to enforce the provisions of the victim’s rights amendment. We conclude that this court hadjurisdiction over thewritoferrorand, consequently, wehadtheauthority to transfer it to the Appellate Court.7 

## We also conclude, however, that the writ of error must be dismissed on the meritsbecause itseeks aform ofreliefthatisbarred by the victim’s rights amendment.8


## Because it implicates this court’s appellate jurisdiction, we first address the state’s claim that this court lacks authority to entertain a writ of error seeking to enforce the victim’s rights amendment because neither the state constitution nor any statute expressly confers such authority. This is a question of law over which
our review is plenary. See Pritchard v. Pritchard, 281 Conn. 262, 274–75, 914 A.2d 1025 (2007) (whetherparty ‘‘properly invoked the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court is a question of law subject to plenary review’’).
In support ofits contentionthatthis courtlacksjurisdiction over a writ of error seeking to enforce the victim’s rights amendment, the state relies primarily on this court’s decision in State v. Gault, 304 Conn. 330,

## 39 A.3d 1105 (2012). In that case, the victim9 

## appealed fromanorderofthetrialcourtrequiringthatanaffidavit supporting the arrest warrant for the defendant, which had been redacted to remove information that could identify the victim, be unsealed. Id., 335–36. She contended, among otherthings, that this orderviolated her right under article first, § 8, as amended, to be treated with fairness and respect throughout the criminal justice process. Id., 336; see also Conn. Const., amend. XXIX (b) (1). The state claimed on appeal that, because the victim was not a party to the criminal proceeding, she had no standing to appeal. State v. Gault, supra, 333, 337–38. This court agreed with the state. Id., 338. We observedin Gaultthat ‘‘exceptinsofarasthe constitution bestows upon this courtjurisdiction to hear certain cases

. . . the subject matter jurisdiction of

. . . this court is governed by statute.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 339. Wethennotedthatthevictim’s rights amendmentdidnot containarightto appealfrom
a ruling by the trial court implicating the rights created bythatamendment. Id. Wefurthernotedthatthe statute authorizing appeals, General Statutes § 52-263, provided that the remedy of appeal was available only to parties to the case. Id., 342. Finally, we observed that, although Public Acts 1998, No. 98-231, § 2, as amended byPublicActs2001, No. 01-211, § 12, codifiedatGeneral Statutes § 46a-13c (5), authorized the Office ofthe Victim Advocate to ‘‘[f]ile a limited special appearance in any court proceeding for the purpose ofadvocating for any right guaranteed [by the victim’s rights amendment or] the general statutes,’’ the legislature did not intend that victims would have full party status or the right to appeal from rulings ofthe trial court. SeeStatev. Gault, supra, 347. Accordingly, we concluded that victims
were not parties with standing to appeal from an order inacriminal case, andwe dismissedthevictim’s appeal. Id., 348.
In the present case, the state contends that Gault stands for the proposition that, because the victim’s rights amendment contains no self-executing remedial procedures; see id., 340–41; if the legislature has not expressly provided a remedy by which the rights protected by that constitutional provision may be vindicated, no such remedy exists.10 

## Our decision in Gault, however, was premised on the principle that the right of appeal is created purely by statute. See id., 339. Because no statute provides victims with a right to appeal from rulings of the trial court, no such right exists. In contrast, a writ of error is a common-law remedy. See, e.g., State v. McCahill, 261 Conn. 492, 499–500, 811 A.2d 667 (2002) (‘‘[t]he writ of error

. . . is aconceptdeeplyrootedinourcommonlaw’’ and ‘‘the right to bring a writ of error

. . . exists independent of [any] statutory authorization’’ [citations omitted; footnote omitted; internal quotation marks omitted]); State

v. Assuntino, 173 Conn. 104, 112, 376 A.2d 1091 (1977)

## (‘‘The writ [of error] has long lain to this court

. . . in accordance with statutes which have been merely declaratory of the common law. It is therefore concluded that the writ, at common law, lies to this court

. . . .’’); State v. Caplan, 85 Conn. 618, 622, 84 A. 280 (1912) (‘‘[t]he writ of error is the common-law method

. . . of carrying up a cause from an inferior to a higher courtforthe revision ofquestions oflaw’’). Thus, unlike in Gault, the lack ofany express constitutional orstatutory authorization for a victim to file a writ of error from a ruling of the trial court implicating his or her rights under the victim’s rights amendment does not affect the victim’s right to file a writ of error or this court’sjurisdictionto entertainit. Rather, intheabsence ofanyconstitutionalprovision orstatute deprivingthis court of its common-law jurisdiction over writs of error,11 

## this court hasjurisdiction ifavictim falls within the class of persons who are entitled to file a writ of error. The state has not claimed that any statute deprives this court ofitsjurisdiction over writs of error seeking relief for a violation of the victim’s rights amendment, and we conclude that nothing in the state constitution does so. Article first, § 8, as amended, provides in relevant part: ‘‘The general assembly shall provide by law for the enforcement of this subsection. Nothing in this subsection or in any law enacted pursuant to this subsection shall be construed as creating abasis forvacating a conviction or ground for appellate relief in any criminal case.’’ Conn. Const., amend. XXIX (b). With respect to the first quoted sentence, that provision merely authorizes the legislature to enforce through legislationtherights createdbythe constitutionalprovision. It does not abrogate the basic constitutional obligation of courts to interpret and implement constitutional provisions.12 

## See Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 177, 2 L. Ed. 60 (1803) (‘‘[i]t is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is’’). Indeed, to the extent that there is any ambiguity as to whether the constitutionalprovision deprives courts oftheirauthority to adjudicate claims arising from the victim’s rights amendment, thelegislativehistoryrevealsthatthelegislature expressly contemplated that victims would be able to seek relief both in the trial court and in the appellate courts.13


## The second quoted sentence, providing that the victim’srightsamendmentshallnotbe ‘‘construedascreating a basis for vacating a conviction or ground for appellate relief in any criminal case’’; Conn. Const., amend. XXIX (b); also does not deprive the appellate courts entirely oftheir authority to interpret and implement the constitutional provision. First, as we have indicated, the legislative history ofthe provision clearly indicates that the legislature contemplated that both the trial courts and the appellate courts would have a

## role in interpreting and implementing it. See footnote 13 ofthis opinion. Second, in ordinaryusage, thephrase ‘‘appellate relief’’ connotes relief granted on appeal from ajudgment disposing of the case, not relief providedto anonpartyin connectionwith acollateralissue that will not directly affect the substantive issues or the ultimate disposition ofthe case. See State v. Moore, 158 Conn. 461, 463, 262 A.2d 166 (1969) (‘‘[a]n appeal lies only from a final judgment, and there can be no judgment in a criminal case until sentence is pronounced’’). Indeed, the legislative history indicates that the purpose of the provision barring ‘‘appellate relief’’
wasto ensurethatanyreliefprovidedwouldnotdeprive defendants of their existing substantive rights; its purpose wasnotto deprivevictims ofanyappellate redress foraviolation oftheirrights, evenwhenprovidingrelief wouldnotaffectthejudgmentorthe rights ofthe defendant.14 

## Third, we can perceive no reason why, before the victim’s rights amendment was adopted, a victim could not have obtained relief by filing a writ of error in this court to vindicate rights conferred by chapter 968 of the General Statutes governing victim services, including the right to present a statement to the prosecutor and the trial court prior to the acceptance of a plea and the right to submit a statement to the prosecutor before sentencing.15 

## See General Statutes § 54-203 (b) (7) (B) and (C). There is no evidence, and it would be anomalous to conclude, that the victim’s rights amendment was intended to eliminate preexisting mechanisms for obtaining such relief from this court. Rather, it is reasonable to conclude that the bar on appellate relief was intended to be the constitutional equivalent to General Statutes § 54-223, whichprovides that the ‘‘[f]ailure to afford the victim of a crime any of the rights provided pursuant to any provision of the general statutes shall not constitute grounds for vacating an otherwise lawful conviction or voiding an otherwise lawful sentence or parole determination.’’16


## We conclude, therefore, that the bar on appellate relief set forth in article first, § 8, as amended, merely prohibits this court from granting any reliefthat would directly affect thejudgment in a criminal case or otherwise abridge the substantive rights of a defendant.17 

## Accordingly, we conclude that this provision does not deprive this court of itsjurisdiction over writs of error arising from the victim’s rights amendment.
With this background in mind, we must address an issue that we left unresolved in our decision in Gault. Specifically, we stated in that case that it was unclear whether the prohibition on appellate relief contained in article first, § 8, as amended, ‘‘is intended to apply to victims or only to criminal defendants.’’ State v. Gault, supra, 304 Conn. 339–40 n.12. Our conclusion here that the prohibition on appellate relief was intended to bar any form of relief that would directly affect the judgment or abridge the defendant’s rights makes it clear,

## however, that the focus of the prohibition is on the substance of the relief, not on the identity of the party seeking the relief. Accordingly, we now conclude that the prohibition was intended to apply to any person seeking a prohibited form of relief, including victims. Similarly, becausetheprohibitiongoesto the substance of the relief sought, and not to the vehicle by which the reliefis sought, we conclude that, to the extent that there is any doubt as to whether a writ of error is technically aform ofappellate reliefin this context, the constitutionalprohibition imposes the same limitations
on writs of error that it would impose on appeals by victims, if they were statutorily authorized. See State

v. Caplan, supra, 85 Conn. 622; see alsoStatev. Salmon, 250 Conn. 147, 153–54, 735 A.2d 333 (1999) (writ of
error is proper vehicle for appellate review when party is unable to appeal). Thus, what our analysis also makes clear is that, although the plaintiff in error has standing to file the writ of error,18 

## she seeks a form of relief—an order requiring the trial court to vacate the defendant’s sentence—that is barred by the prohibition on appellate relief contained in the victim’s rights amendment. Although the victim’s rights amendment does not deprive victims of their right to file a writ of error to enforce their constitutional rights, it also does not expand their rights to seek a form of appellate relief that previously had been barred by statute. Because victims were barred by § 54-223 from seeking to vacate
acriminalsentencefortheviolationoftheirrightswhen the victim’s rights amendment was adopted; see footnote 16 ofthis opinion;19 

## we conclude that this form of relief is barred, and, therefore, we affirm thejudgment of the Appellate Court on this alternative ground.20


## The judgment of the Appellate Court is affirmed.
In this opinion PALMER, EVELEIGH, ESPINOSA, ROBINSON and D’AURIA, Js., concurred.

* This case originally was scheduled to be argued before a panel of this court consisting of Chief Justice Rogers, and Justices Palmer, Eveleigh, McDonald, Espinosa, Robinson and D’Auria. AlthoughJustice Espinosawas not present when the case was argued before the court, she has read the briefs and appendices, and listened to a recording of oral argument prior to participating in this decision. The listing ofjustices reflects their seniority status on this court as of the date of oral argument.
1 Article first, § 8, of the constitution of Connecticut, as amended by articles seventeen and twenty-nine ofthe amendments, provides in relevant part: ‘‘In all criminal prosecutions, a victim, as the general assembly may define by law, shall have the following rights: (1) The right to be treated with fairness and respect throughout the criminal justice process; (2) the right to timely disposition of the case following arrest of the accused, provided no right of the accused is abridged; (3) the right to be reasonably protected from the accused throughout the criminaljustice process; (4) the right to notification of court proceedings; (5) the right to attend the trial and all other court proceedings the accused has the right to attend, unless such person is to testify and the court determines that such person’s testimony would be materially affected if such person hears other testimony; (6) the right to communicate with the prosecution; (7) the right to object to or support any plea agreement entered into by the accused and the prosecution and to make a statement to the court prior to the acceptance by the court of the plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the accused; (8)the right to make a statement to the court at sentencing; (9) the right to restitution which shall be enforceable in the same manner as any other

cause of action or as otherwise provided by law; and (10) the right to informationaboutthearrest, conviction, sentence, imprisonmentandrelease of the accused. The general assembly shall provide by law for the enforcement of this subsection. Nothing in this subsection or in any law enacted pursuanttothis subsectionshallbe construedas creatingabasisforvacating

aconviction orgroundforappellate reliefin any criminal case.’’ Hereinafter,

we refer to this provision as article first, § 8, as amended, or the victim’s rights amendment.

2 In addition, the plaintiffin error filed apetition for a writ of error coram nobis, which the trial court also dismissed. The Appellate Court concluded that the trial court properly dismissed that petition; see State v. Skipwith, 159 Conn. App. 502, 512, 123 A.3d 104 (2015); and that ruling is not at issue in this certified appeal.
3 Theplaintiffinerrorfiledthewritoferrorinthiscourt, andwetransferred it to the Appellate Court pursuant to General Statutes § 51-199 (c) and Practice Book § 65-1.

4 We granted the petition for certification to appeal on the following issue: ‘‘Did the Appellate Court properly determine that the trial court properly dismissed the plaintiff in error’s motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence because it was not an illegal sentence?’’ State v. Skipwith, 320 Conn. 911, 128 A.3d 955 (2015). Upon review ofthe record and the claims raised before the Appellate Court, we now conclude that the certified question is not an adequate statement ofthe issue properly before this court. Accordingly, we reformulate the certified question as follows: ‘‘Could the Appellate Court grant the relief requested by the plaintiff in error? If so, did the Appellate Courtproperly determine thatthe trial courtproperly dismissedthe plaintiff in error’s motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence because it was not an illegal sentence?’’ See State v. Ouellette, 295 Conn. 173, 183–84, 989 A.2d 1048 (2010) (court may reformulate certified question to conform to issue actually presented and to be decided on appeal).

5 For some time, this court and the Appellate Court have dismissed writs of error that lack merit. See, e.g., Hardy v. Superior Court, 305 Conn. 824, 827, 48 A.3d 640 (2012); State v. Ross, 272 Conn. 577, 613, 863 A.2d 654 (2005); Ullmann v. State, 230 Conn. 698, 724, 647 A.2d 324 (1994); Sowell

v. DiCara, 161 Conn. App. 102, 122, 133, 127 A.3d 356, cert. denied, 320 Conn. 909, 128 A.3d 953 (2015); State v. Peay, 111 Conn. App. 427, 428, 959 A.2d 655 (2008), cert. denied, 291 Conn. 915, 970 A.2d 729 (2009); Daniels

v. Alander, 75 Conn. App. 864, 883, 818 A.2d 106 (2003), aff’d, 268 Conn. 320, 844 A.2d 182 (2004). For purposes of clarity, in this opinion we use the phrase dismissed on the merits to distinguish that disposition from one where the writ of error is dismissed on a jurisdictional ground.
6 Practice Book § 43-22 provides: ‘‘The judicial authority may at any time correct an illegal sentence or other illegal disposition, or it may correct a sentence imposed in an illegal manner or any other disposition made in an illegal manner.’’

7 See footnote 3 of this opinion.
8 We therefore need not resolve the question of whether the defendant’s sentence otherwise was imposed in an illegal manner for purposes of Practice Book § 43-22. Even if we were to assume that it was, we conclude that the victim’s rights amendment prohibits the form of relief that the plaintiff in error is seeking, namely, an order requiring the trial court to vacate the defendant’s sentence.
9 The victim in Gault was not identified in order to protect her privacy. See State v. Gault, supra, 304 Conn. 333.

10 We emphasize that this court did not hold in Gault that the provisions of article first, § 8, as amended, expressly conferring rights on victims, are not self-executing inthe sense thatthey are not effective until the legislature passes implementing legislation. See State v. Gault, supra, 304 Conn. 340 (constitutional provisions that are not self-executing are not effective until implementing legislation is passed). We held only that the victim’s rights amendment contains no self-executing provision conferring on victims the right to appeal from rulings in a criminal case. Id., 341, 347. Indeed, the state in the present case does not dispute that prosecutors and trial courts have regularly afforded victims their rights under the victim’s rights amendment, including those that have not been expressly implemented by statute. The state has also consistently and forthrightly conceded that the failure to afford the plaintiff in error her rights in the present case was a rare and unfortunate exception to that general practice and violated theplaintiffinerror’s state constitutional rights, despite the fact that those rights are not the subject of any implementing legislation

. The state claims only that the state constitution contains no self-executing provisions providing ajudicial remedyforsuchviolations. Thus,properlyunderstood,thestate’scontention is not that the victim’s rights amendment is not self-executing in its entirety; rather, its contention is that claims that the self-executing provisions ofthe amendmenthave beenviolatedarenonjusticiable. See Viethv. Jubelirer, 541 U.S. 267, 277, 124 S. Ct. 1769, 158 L. Ed. 2d 546 (2004) (claim ofunlawfulness is nonjusticiable when it ‘‘involves no judicially enforceable rights’’). We conclude that such claims are justiciable, but that the scope of the relief that the courts can provide is limited.

11 We express no opinion here as to whether such a statute would pass muster under the state constitution. See Banks v. Thomas, 241 Conn. 569, 585 n.16, 698 A.2d 268 (1997) (because court rejected claim that statute had limited court’s jurisdiction over writs of error, court was not required to ‘‘determine whether such a bar would be a constitutionally impermissible encroachmentuponthis court’s authorityto entertain awrit oferror’’); State

v. Assuntino, supra, 173 Conn. 110 (because legislature had not attempted to abrogate common-law writ of error by statute, it was ‘‘unnecessary for this court to consider whether the jurisdiction to hear such a writ is an essential attribute of the constitutional role of this court’’); see also Moore

v. Ganim, 233 Conn. 557, 573, 660 A.2d 742 (1995) (‘‘article first, § 10, [of the Connecticut constitution] prohibits the legislature from abolishing or significantly limiting common law and certain statutory rights that were redressable in court as of 1818’’ [footnote omitted]).

12 In this regard, we note that § 5 of the fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution, providing that ‘‘[t]he Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article,’’ has

never been construed to deprive the courts of their authority to interpret and implement that amendment.
13 See 39 H.R. Proc., Pt. 9, 1996 Sess., p. 2833, remarks of Representative Ellen Scalettar (proposed constitutional amendment ‘‘really gives the courts the ability to be the primary interpreter of what the obligations ofthe state are, and in certain ways we are giving up our power to do that and giving it to the courts’’); id., p. 2837, remarks of Representative Michael P. Lawlor (explaining that remedy for victim who was deprived of right created by proposed amendment ‘‘would be for an appellate court or a trial court to decide what the state’s obligation is under the terms of the constitutional amendment’’); id., p. 2872, remarks ofRepresentative Dale W. Radcliffe (‘‘[i]t is naturally left to a court to interpret sections of a constitution’’); id., p. 2873, remarks ofRepresentative Marie L. Kirkley-Bey (‘‘we’repassing apiece ofpaper onto ajudicial systemthat cantherefore incorporate and determine the law’’).

14 See 39 S. Proc., Pt. 6, 1996 Sess., p. 1991, remarks of Senator Martin M. Looney (rights createdbyproposed amendment ‘‘directly conflictwiththose of the defendant and fashioning a remedy for one without affecting the rights of the other would be extremely difficult’’); 39 S. Proc., Pt. 10, 1996 Sess., p. 3247, remarks ofSenator Thomas F. Upson (clarifying that purpose of provision prohibiting vacation of conviction and barring appellate relief

was to ensure that no right of defendant was abridged); 39 H.R. Proc., Pt. 9, 1996 Sess.,p. 2817, remarks ofRepresentativeMichaelP. Lawlor(proposed amendment ‘‘is not intended to deprive any person of any liberty right that they have under the federal or state constitution’’); 39 H.R. Proc., Pt. 9, 1996 Sess., p. 2840, remarks of Representative Michael P. Lawlor (proposed amendment ‘‘doesn’t deprive any liberty or due process rights ofanyperson who is a citizen of the state who might be accused of a crime’’).

15 General Statutes § 54-224 provides that the state and its agents cannot be held liable for damages for the failure to afford a victim any rights protected by the General Statutes. That statute does not bar victims, however, from seeking to enforce their rights.
16 Indeed, the legislative historyofthevictim’s rights amendmentindicates that the intent of the amendment was to give constitutional status to the statutory rights that victims already had. See 39 H.R. Proc., Pt. 9, 1996 Sess., p. 2817, remarks of Representative Michael P. Lawlor (‘‘[the amendment] onlyprovides rights tovictims ofcrime as they’re defined in our statute[s]’’); id., p. 2830, remarks of Representative Michael P. Lawlor (‘‘everything in the amendmentis somethingthat’s alreadylawin the state ofConnecticut’’). Section 54-223 was enacted in 1986, ten years before the victim’s rights amendment was adopted. See 1986 Public Acts, No. 86-401, §§ 3, 7.

17 We recognize that this conclusion severely limits the reliefthat is avail-able to victims for violations oftheir constitutional rights. Because it is not clear, however, thatthebaronappellatereliefthatwouldaffectthejudgment

orabridge adefendant’s rights effectivelybars all appellate relief, we cannot conclude at thisjuncture that it deprives this court ofjurisdiction over writs of error arising from the victim’s rights amendment. Accordingly, we leave it for another day to resolve the question of whether, if a trial court failed to comply with the provisions of article first, § 8, as amended, the victim could file an interlocutory writ of error before the plea was entered or the defendant was sentenced, seeking an order requiring the trial court to comply,providedthatthevictimcouldestablishthatthe criteriaforanappealable interlocutory order under State v. Curcio 191 Conn. 27, 31, 463 A.2d 566 (1983), were met and that granting relief would not abridge any of the defendant’s existing rights, including the right to a speedy trial. See, e.g., WoodburyKnoll, LLCv. Shipman & Goodwin, LLP, 305 Conn. 750, 755–56, 48 A.3d 16 (2012) (this court hadjurisdiction over writ of error challenging interlocutory discovery orderthat satisfied criteriaforappealable finaljudgment under Curcio).

18 The common-law requirements for standing to file a writ of error are
now codified in Practice Book § 72-1 (a). See State v. Rupar, 293 Conn. 489, 501–502, 978 A.2d 502 (2009) (concluding that plaintiff in error who hadsatisfiedrequirements of§ 72-1 hadstandingtofilewritoferror). Section 72-1 provides in relevant part: ‘‘(a) Writs of error for errors in matters of law only may be brought from a finaljudgment ofthe superior court to the supreme court in the following cases: (1) a decision binding on an aggrieved nonparty

. . . and (4) as otherwise necessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction and agreeable to the usages and principles of law. ‘‘(b) No writ of error may be brought in any civil or criminal proceeding forthe correction ofany errorwhere (1) the errormighthave been reviewed by process ofappeal, or by way of certification, or (2) the parties, by failure timely to seek a transfer or otherwise, have consented to have the case determined by a court or tribunal from whose judgment there is no right of appeal or opportunity for certification.’’ Theplaintiffinerrorinthepresent casemeetsthese requirementsbecause she has raised a pure question oflaw from a finaljudgment ofthe Superior Court that is binding on her and by which she is aggrieved, namely, the ruling of the trial court dismissing her motion to vacate the defendant’s sentence. In addition, under State v. Gault, supra, 304 Conn. 347, she has

no right to appeal from that decision, and she did not consent to have the issue finally decided by the trial court.
19 See also 39 H. R. Proc., Pt. 9, 1996 Sess., p. 2819, remarks ofRepresentative Michael P. Lawlor (‘‘[i]t is certainly not the intent [of the proposed amendment] to provide a veto power to a victim of a crime’’).

20 But see Kenna v. United States District Court, 435 F.3d 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2006) (when trial court denied victim his right to give statement at defendant’s sentencing hearing andvictim filedwrit ofmandamus as authorized by federal law, reviewing court concluded that trial court ‘‘must avoid upsetting constitutionally protected rights, but it must also be cognizant that the only way to give effect to [the victim’s] right to speak

. . . is to vacate the sentence and hold a new sentencing hearing’’); State v. Barrett, 350 Or. 390, 406–407, 255 P.3d 472 (2011) (when victim was denied right to be heard at defendant’s sentencing and appealed as authorized by statute from trial court’s ruling that there was no remedy for violation, reviewing court concluded that vacating defendant’s sentence and conducting new sentencing hearing at which defendant could receive harsher sentence did not violate defendant’s doublejeopardy rights); State v. Casey, 44 P.3d 756, 765–66 (Utah 2002) (whenvictimwas denied rightto make statement atplea hearing, trial court properly determined that remedy was to ‘‘ ‘informally’ ’’ reopen the plea hearing at sentencing and accept testimony from victim). These cases, however, are distinguishable from the present case. Neither KennanorBarrettinvolvedconstitutionalprovisionsbarring appellaterelief that would affect the judgment. The constitutional provision at issue in Casey barred ‘‘relieffrom any criminaljudgment’’; see State v. Casey, supra, 761 n.5; but relief was granted in that case before the defendant was sentenced. Because we conclude in the present case that an order vacating the defendant’s sentence would affect the judgment in violation of the state constitutionalprohibitiononappellaterelief, weneednotdeterminewhether doing so would violate the defendant’s double jeopardy or other substantive rights.