UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT I ON AGENC Y WASHINGTON , D

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## OS 2015

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTIO N PREVENTION

SUBJECT: BEAD C hemical Profile (BCP) for Registration Review : Cyazofamid (085651) FROM:

THRU: Carl C hen , Biologist Biological Analysis Branch Rafael A. Prieto , Environmental Protection Specialist 

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# ~ Science Information and Analysis Branch f/ 

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--**~** Stephen Smearma n , Economist**AL._~** 1

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_. Economic Analysis Branch**~** Biolo g ical and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet Jones , C hief Bio logical Analysis Branch Diann Sims , Chief"""""'...--. Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely , Chief

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# ~ Economic Analysis Branch Biolo gical and Economic Analysi ivision (75 P ) TO: Jose Gayoso , Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 2 Pesticide Re-evaluation Divi s ion (7508P)

Peer Review Panel date: November 26, 2014 

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### SUMMARY Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States in 2004 (USEPA, 2004). This fungicide belongs to the cyano-imidiazole family of fungicides and it is applied by ground or aerial spray to control early and late blight downy mildew on the agricultural and non-agricultural use sites described below. The 20 14 Screening-level Usage Analysis (SLUA) reports usage on the crops with the highest pounds a.i. applied

. It s hows that carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 pounds a.i. applied , are the crops with highe st usage for this chemical. In terms of average percent crop treated, the top crops are again, carrots and cucumbers, with an average of 15% crop treated each. Per the SLUA, the remaining crops with usage are cantaloupes, peppers , potatoes , pumpkins, squash, tomatoes , and watermelons.

INTRODUCTION The Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) Chemical Profile (BCP) provides an overview of the pest managementroles and quantitative usage information for cyazofamid. The BCP includes summaries of previous BEAD products and availab le public and/or private use and usage data for cyazofamid to describe the role of this chemical in pest management. Additional information on u se is avai l able in the cyazofamid Label Data Report. Information provided in this BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) may be used by stakeholders (e.g., users and registrants), OPP risk assessors, and OPP risk managers , and the general public during the Registration Review process of thi s pesticide. USE SITES Agricultural uses Cyazofamid is registered for the following agricultural uses: carrots , grapes, hops , basil, crop gro up 9 cucurbit vegetables, crop group 5 Brassica (cole) leafy vegetables , crop subgroup 4A leafy greens, succulent podded and succulent

- shelled beans , crop subgroup 1 C tuberous and corm vegetables, and crop group 8-10 fruitin g vegetables. Non-agric ultural u ses Cyazofamid is registered for the following non-agricultural uses: turf (golf courses) and ornamentals.
FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Cyazofamid is formulated as a suspension concentrate and it can be applied by ground or aerial spray.

2HISTORY OF CYAZOFAMID AND BEAD PRODUCTS Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States as a fungicide in 2004 (US EPA, 2004). A Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) was prepared by BEAD for this chemical in 20 14 that provides the percent crop treated for nine crops (cantaloupes , carrots, cucumbers, p eppers , potatoes , pumpkins, squash , tomatoes, watermelons). For cyazofamid, according to the 2014 SLUA, the crops with the highest pounds a.i. app lied are carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 pounds a.i. applied. In terms of average percent crop treated the top crops are again, carrots and cucumbers , with 15% average percent crop treated each. Per the SLUA , the remaining crops with u sage are cantaloupes , peppers, potatoes , pumpkins , squas h , tomatoes, and watermelons. A search of BEAD's Official Records found two e mergency exempt ion requests for cyazofamid in the last 10 years. One was for use in greenhouse grown basil in Alabama to contro l basil downy mildew ( 1 2ALOI). Basil downy mi ldew was considered a new pest in 2008 and in 2012 was found in Al abama. The request was for the use of 0.14 pounds ai per acre on a total of 11.4 acres. B EAD concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and nonrout ine for greenhouse basil. The second was for the use of cyazofamid in Illinois on basi l to contro l downy mildew disease (I O-IL-02). The reque st was for treatin g up to 500 acres wi th a combinat ion of mandipropamid and cyazofamid with two sequential sprays (maximum of 6 sprays per growing season). BEAD concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and non-routine with up to a 50% y iel d loss of field grown basil. Subsequently , on September 4 , 2013 the labe l was amended to add basil as well as other crops. Emergency exempt ion s may indicate that there is a need for a particular chemical that is not registered for use on a particular site. An emergency exempt ion request m ay yield information about a particular chemical ' s importance or value that is not found in other EPA records. However, a lack of emergency exemption assessments by BEAD does not spec ifically indicate the relative importance of the chemical. There is no LUIS Report for this chemical.

USAGE Usage Trends For the years 2006

- 2012 , cyazofamid annual usage averaged 6 , 000 pounds of active ingredient (A.I.) treating an annual average of 82 , 000 acres , and an overall average app li cation rate of 0.073 pounds A. I. per acre. As shown in Figure s 1 and 2 , use , both pounds A. I. and total area treated (TAT) , peaked in 2011. (Proprietary Data , 2006-2012)

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### FIGURE 1. 

### Cyazofamid Total Area Treated in Acres (2006-2012) 350,000

ro

...... 0I2006 2007

Source: Proprietary Data , 2006-201 2 2008 2009 Year 2010



### FIGURE 2. Cyazofamid Pound s Applied (2006-2012)

<{ V'I "O c :J 0 a.. 50,000

0 2011

2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011

Source : Proprietary Data , 2006-2012 2012

2012

4A s seen on Table 1 below , c u cumbers and carrot s are the top crops for cyaz ofamid , with California and F lorida b e in g the top states where 

### this chem ical is used. 

### Table 1. Crop s w · th 

### tt · h t U f 

### C f 0 d 

### p I 

### 12 es se o ,y azo am1 

## - ereent f 

### T t I 

### Lb A plied (2006-2012) 0 

### oa s. p Crop %Lbs C ucumbers 40

Carrots 28 Potatoes 11 Pumpkin s 9 Source: Proprietary Data , 2006-2012 

### Table 2. 

### States with H

. h 

### t U f 

### C f 0 d p If! 

### es se o . yazo am1 

# - t f 

### T t I 

### Lb A plied (2006-2012) 

### ercen o oa s. .p Crop O/o Ca li fornia 32 Florida 20 Georgia 13 Michigan 7 Source: Proprietary Data , 2006-2012 Applicatio n Rates 

### T bl 3 C f: 0 d 

## u

a e 

# . ; yazo am1 se on 

### T C op . hA rop s wit vera2e AIR 

# . . ate, 2006 2012 

## - Crop Pounds Applied Total Acres Avg. Al Rate (lbs Treated * a.i ./ acres ) Cucumbers 17,000 270 , 000 0

.063 Carrots 12 , 000 81 , 000 0.148 Potato es 4 , 700 64 , 000 0.073 Pumpki n s 4 , 900 58 , 000 0.084 * Total Acre s Treated s um s a ll acre s treated for a crop , in c ludin g thos e acres that rec e ive multiple treatments. So urce : Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 Non-agricultural Usage N on-agricultural us age data for cyazofam id are limited. The only av a il abl e e s timate o f use is 8 , 000 pounds on g olf c ours e s, and 1 , 100 pound s on nursery / greenhou se . ( Proprietary D ata, 201 2 )

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### C HEMICAL AND USE C HARACTERISTICS C yazofarnid belongs to t he c hem ical group of cyano-im id azo le. It is a Qi l (quinone inside inhibitor) fungicide c la ss ified by the Fungicide Re s is tance Action Committee (FRAC) as a FRAC Group 2 1 fung icide. R e sistance risk of the Gro u p 2 1 fungi c ide s is unknown but is a ss umed to be medium to high , and resistance manage ment is required (FRAC , 2014)

. C yazofami d has a li m it e d or local systemic acti v ity and i s typicall y us e d a s a protectant fungicide to prevent infectio n from Oomycete di seas es. The pre-harve s t interval (PHI) is 0 days
5for use on many crops including cucurbits , frui ting vegetab les , Brassica leafy vegetab le s, and leafy greens. Carrots and potatoes have a hi gher PHI , 14 and 7 days, respective ly. Cyazofam id is a reduced risk fungicide , granted by the Agency for cucurbit vegetables , potato , and tomato in 2004, and Brassica leafy vegetables, hops , spinach , and turnip (greens) in 20 l 0. ROLE OF CY AZOF AMID IN PEST MANAGEMENT Cyazofamid is registered for contro l of many important di seases including downy mildew on cucurbits , basi l, spinach , hops , and grapes , Phytophthora blight on cucurbits and tomatoes, club root on Brassica leafy vegetables (an alternative to PCNB) , l ate blight on potatoes, tomatoes , and pepp er s, and Pythium diseases such as cavity spot on carrots. The major agricu ltural use of cyazofamid is on cucurbits and carrots. On cucumber, approximately 30 percent of cucumber acreage was recently treated by cyazofamid, the fifth most-appl ied fungicide on cucumber in the period of 2011-2012 (Proprietary Data, 20 11- 2012). The total area treated by a ll fungicides on cucumber increased approximately 200 , 000 acres each year from 2008 to 2011 and leveled off in 2012 (Proprietary Data 200 8- 20 1 2). In California , the most-applied fungicides , in term of cumulative acres treated in 20 12 , were s ulfur, mefenoxam , pyraclostrobin , and cyazofamid (CDPR, 20 12). Cyazofamid is a relatively new fungicide for contro l of cavity spot on carrots, a major soi l borne disease, and has been often used in rotation with mefenoxam (C DPR, 2012). Proprietary Data (2011 -201 2) indicate that the uses on cucumber and carrots are the main drivers for a spike in 2011 and a drop off in 2012 depicted in Figure 1. Cyazofamid may also have potential of contro lling or suppressing diseases that are not li sted o n the label. A FIFRA Section 2(ee) recommendation for Ranrnan®400SC, a si ngle active ingre di ent product of cyazofamid, has been issued for use o n potatoes to suppress Pythium ultimum in approximately 20 states including Ca lifornia , Michigan , New Jersey , and Washington (C DMS , 2014). DATA NEEDS The Agency currentl y does not have comp lete information on cyazofamid. Obtaining the fo ll owing informatio n may improve future assessments conducted by the Agency re lated to the use and importance of cyazofamid

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. Site/crop specific information o n the target pests , damage , economic thresho ld s, best time to treat , as well as alternatives to cyazofamid. 2. Site /crop specific information on th e form ulation , application method, application rates , frequency of app licat ion , and timing of applications. 3. Site /crop specific information on barriers of adopting chemical and non- chemical alternatives to cyazofamid (e.g. price, efficacy, app li cation methods, use restrictions , etc.).

6REFERENCES

BEAD , 2010. BEAD Review of Illinois Emergency Exemption Request for Mandipropamid ( 10- 11-01, DP# 375687) and Cyazofamid (10- 11-02, DP # 376369) Use on Basil to Control Downy Mildew Disease.pdf BEAD , 2012. Review of a Request for an Emergency Exemption for Cyazofamid (12-AL-01 ; DP# 400207) and Mandipropamid (12-AL-02; # DP 400208) to Manage Downy Mildew on Basil in Greenhouses in Alabama.pdf BEAD, 20 14

. Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) for cyazofam id. CDMS. 2014. Crop Data Management Systems. http :// pre mier .cdm s. net/webapl s . Accessed August 2014. CDPR. 2012. Summary of pesticide use data

- Indexed by Chemicals. California Department of Pesticide Registration (CDPR)

. http ://www.c dpr

.c a. go v/do c s/ pur /pur l 2 rep/ l 2s um.htm Accessed August 2014. FRAC. 2014. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http : //www. frac .in fo/frac/index. htm Accessed August 2014. Proprietary Data, 1998-2012. US EPA. Office of Pesticide Programs. Petition for Cyazofamid. April 2014. http ://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-04/ documents/cyazof amid-peti tion-sep4. pdf Accessed November 20, 2014.

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