Filed 1/19/23 Guardianship of A.R. CA5

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

Guardianship of A.R, a Minor.

OCTAVIO LOPEZ,

Petitioner and Appellant,

v.

CONNIE HERNANDEZ et al.,

Objectors and Respondents.

F083167

(Super. Ct. No. 21PR-00140)

OPINION

THE COURT*

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Merced County. Donald J. 

Proietti, Judge.

Octavio Lopez, in pro. per., for Petitioner and Appellant.

No response for Objectors and Respondents.

-ooOoo-

* Before Levy, Acting P. J., Peña, J. and Smith, J.
2.

In this second appeal brought by appellant Octavio Lopez1 against the same party, 

he challenges the trial court’s decision to deny him guardianship over a child, and/or 

visitation as a stepgrandparent.2 For the reasons presented below, we affirm the order 

issued by the trial court. 

PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL SUMMARY

On May 4, 2021, appellant filed a petition asking to be appointed guardian for the 

youngest daughter of respondent Connie Hernandez (mother). As part of the petition, 

appellant alleged he used to live with the parents of the child and during that time he was 

the primary caregiver for the child. Appellant further alleged the parents were not fit to 

care for the child, and that despite his strong bond with the child, he was being prevented 

from seeing the child. Appellant also stated his desire to parent the child, and eventually 

adopt her. In a summary attached to a declaration filed with the court, appellant 

explained his relationship with mother’s family and at least two of her children. The 

attachment also explained in detail how he would care for the child who is the subject of 

the petition.

Following a hearing on May 10, 2021, the trial court denied the petition without 

prejudice, but set the matter for another hearing in July 2021, and asked child protective 

services (CPS) to conduct a nonrelative guardianship investigation before the next 

hearing. The minute order also stated the child is currently living with her parents and 

identifies appellant as a “former Step-Grandfather.” The order asking CPS to conduct a 

nonrelative guardianship investigation was rescinded on May 13, 2021. CPS determined 

the matter did not meet state requirements for intervention. 

1

In the prior appeal, appellant appears as Octavio Lopez Mendoza. 

2 On this court’s own motion, we take judicial notice of the record on appeal in 

Hernandez v. Mendoza, case No. F083011 pursuant to Evidence Code sections 452, 

subdivision (d) and 459.
3.

On May 10, 2021, mother filed a “Request for Domestic Violence Restraining 

Order,” alleging appellant posed a threat to her and her daughters. This proceeding was 

the subject of the prior appeal referenced above. Mother listed appellant as her “mother’s

ex-husband” in the request for the restraining order. In his response, appellant stated he 

and grandmother were never married but were in a long-term relationship while living in 

Mexico. A temporary restraining order was issued on May 11, 2021, directing appellant 

to, among other things, stay away from mother and her two daughters until the hearing 

scheduled for June 2, 2021. Following the June hearing, the trial court granted the 

request for a protective order in favor of mother and her two daughters, and against 

appellant, for a period of three years.

On June 14, 2021, appellant added new information to the petition he filed asking 

to be appointed guardian. Appellant now also sought “grand parental visitation rights,” 

due to his role as the “De Facto” parent of the child.

Following a hearing held on July 9, 2021, the trial court denied appellant’s request 

for a guardianship, and the request for court-ordered visitation as a grandparent. The 

court specifically noted that following an investigation, CPS had no concerns the child 

was in danger, or that her current placement with her parents was detrimental. Mother 

and the child’s father, Victor Rodriguez (father), stated during this hearing that appellant 

was not a stepgrandparent of the child, and that they had recently obtained a protective 

order against appellant for three years.3 The court took judicial notice of this protective

order.

Appellant filed a notice of appeal challenging the order denying his petition for 

guardianship and grandparent visitation. Respondent has not filed a responsive brief or 

made any appearance in this appeal. 

3 This is the same protective order that was the subject of the prior appeal. 
4.

DISCUSSION

I. A Guardianship Is Not Warranted in This Case

“A relative or other person on behalf of the minor, ... may file a petition for the 

appointment of a guardian of the minor.” (Prob. Code, § 1510, subd. (a), emphasis 

added.) 

“In considering an application for appointment of a guardian, however, a 

court must also consider the right of a parent to the care and custody of his 

or her children. [Citation.] California law presumes a parent is competent 

to care for his or her own children. For almost a century, our state’s law 

has provided: ‘In accordance with the general presumption in favor of 

competency, a parent is presumed to be competent to discharge the duties 

of guardianship in the absence of an affirmative showing to the contrary. 

[Citations.]’ ” (Suleman v. Superior Court (2010) 180 Cal.App.4th 1287, 

1296 (Suleman).) 

The right of parents to make decisions about raising their own children has been 

recognized as a matter of federal due process. (Suleman, supra, 180 Cal.App.4th at 

p. 1296.) 

The Suleman court addressed the question of standing when a petition for 

guardianship is filed by someone other than a relative of the minor. Specifically, for 

someone other than a parent to have standing to pursue guardianship over a child they are 

not related to, they must provide actual information that is sufficient to warrant a trial 

court’s intervention. (Suleman, supra, 180 Cal.App.4th at p. 1299.) The court must then 

investigate the information to determine its impact on the best interest of the child. 

(Ibid.) Mere speculation or allegations about possibly inappropriate activity or potential 

dangers to the child will not be enough. (Id. at p. 1302.) 

We cannot simply apply this legal standard without acknowledging an obvious 

impediment to appellant’s request to become the guardian for mother’s youngest 

daughter. Appellant is legally prohibited from coming into contact with mother and her 

daughters under the terms of the domestic violence protective order issued in June 2021. 
5.

The allegations made by appellant that the child is living in a harmful environment repeat 

the allegations he made in opposition to the request for a protective order, which were 

already rejected by the trial court. Moreover, while the record suggests the initial CPS 

investigation ordered by the court was rescinded, both the minute order and the transcript 

indicate CPS did in fact investigate, concluding the child was not at risk of being harmed 

in her current placement with her parents.

Based on the facts presented at the July 2021 hearing, the trial court had an 

adequate basis for denying appellant’s guardianship petition. 

II. Appellant Was Not Entitled to Any Visitation as a Grandparent

After filing the initial guardianship petition, appellant amended it to add a separate 

request that he be granted visitation as a “step grandfather.” While there is no evidence 

in the record proving appellant was ever considered a grandparent in any form, the 

standard for obtaining this type of visitation would have been difficult for appellant to 

meet. 

A grandparent’s right to court-ordered visitation with a grandchild is purely 

statutory. (In re Marriage of Harris (2004) 34 Cal.4th 210, 219.) Generally, a request 

for visitation by a grandparent must be brought during proceedings seeking the 

dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or when one party to the marriage seeks 

exclusive custody of the child. (Fam. Code, §§ 3021, 3103.) Under Family Code 

section 3104, subdivision (b)(1), a petition for visitation by a grandparent may also be 

brought when the parents are not married or are living “separately and apart on a 

permanent or indefinite basis.” Family Code section 3104, subdivision (f), however, 

further warns courts considering visitation orders for grandparents:

“There is a rebuttable presumption affecting the burden of proof that the 

visitation of a grandparent is not in the best interest of a minor child if the 

parent who has been awarded sole legal and physical custody of the child in 

another proceeding, or the parent with whom the child resides if there is 
6.

currently no operative custody order objects to visitation by the 

grandparent.” (Fam. Code, § 3104, subd. (f).)

It should be noted, the statutory scheme that governs child custody decisions in California 

expresses a strong policy preference for the rights of a parent over those of a nonparent. 

(Fam. Code, §§ 3040, 3041.) 

In a case considering the constitutional right of parents to make decisions for their 

child, this court concluded a parent’s decision to oppose a formal order granting visitation 

to a grandparent must be given deference. (Zasueta v. Zasueta (2002) 102 Cal.App.4th 

1242, 1253 [discussing the fundamental nature of parental rights presented in Troxel v. 

Granville (2000) 530 U.S. 57].) To overcome the presumption that parents are acting in 

the best interest of their child, a grandparent must prove by clear and convincing 

evidence that the denial of visitation is not in the best interest of the child or would be

detrimental. (See Ian J. v. Peter M. (2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 189, 205–206, disapproved 

on other grounds by Conservatorship of O.B. (2020) 9 Cal.5th 989, 1010.) 

First, there is no evidence in the record appellant is a grandparent or even a 

stepgrandparent. Furthermore, appellant cannot overcome the fact that both parents 

object to him having any contact with their daughter, let alone visitation. Their 

objections were formalized when mother sought and obtained a protective order against 

appellant that is set to stay in place for a period of three years. The trial court’s denial of 

appellant’s request for grandparent visitation is supported by the record.

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed. Appellant is awarded no costs in this appeal.