Golden Nematode Program 

Manual
Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this 

manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in 

the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS 

does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any 

third party for patent infringement.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the 

basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, 

parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or 

part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases 

apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of 

program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 

720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil 

Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or 

(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

When using pesticides, read and follow all label instructions.

First Edition July 2008
04/2012-03 Golden Nematode Program Manual TOC-1

Golden 

Nematode 

Contents

Figures LOF-1-1

 LOF-1-1

Tables LOF-1-1

 LOF-1-1

Introduction 1-1-1

Procedures 2-1-1

 Introduction 2-1-1

Procedures 2-2-1

 Preparation, Disinfection, and Clean-up 2-2-1

Procedures 2-3-1

 Survey 2-3-1

Procedures 2-4-1

 Laboratory, Rack Room, and Wash Room 2-4-1

Procedures 3-1-1

 Regulatory Treatment and Certification 3-1-1

Procedures 4-1-1

 Control 4-1-1

 Appendix A A-1-1

 Forms and Worksheets A-1-1

Appendix B B-1-1

 Emergency Aid and Safety B-1-1

Glossary Glossary-1-1

Index Index-1-1
TOC-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 04/2012-03
11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual LOF-1

Golden 

Nematode 

Figures

Figure 2-1-1 Mature Golden Nematode Cysts (right cyst shows larvae 

movement) 2-1-5

Figure 2-1-2 Mature Female Cysts on Potato Plant Roots 2-1-5

Figure 2-1-3 Field of Potato Plants Showing First Visible Signs of Golden 

Nematode Infestation 2-1-6

Figure 2-2-1 Summary of the Survey Process 2-2-3

Figure 2-2-2 Items to Include in Field copy of Golden Nematode Survey 

Binder 2-2-7

Figure 2-2-3 Survey Supplies in Van 2-2-13

Figure 2-2-4 Example of Survey Sample Bag Labeling 2-2-14

Figure 2-2-5 Disinfecting Manual Survey Equipment 2-2-17

Figure 2-2-6 Sloped, Concrete Gravel Pad for Equipment Cleaning 2-2-18

Figure 2-2-7 Pressure Washing With a Single Orifice Nozzle 2-2-20

Figure 2-2-8 Pressure Washing Equipment and Supplies 2-2-20

Figure 2-3-1 Manual Soil Sampling 2-3-4

Figure 2-3-2 4 x 8 Sampling Method 2-3-5

Figure 2-3-3 Three-Wheeled Mechanical Sampler 2-3-7

Figure 2-3-4 Single Soil Sample Collection and Supplies Ready for Transport 

to the Work Unit Laboratory 2-3-13

Figure 2-4-1 Rack Number and Shelf Number Label 2-4-2

Figure 2-4-2 Soil Samples Drying in the Rack Room 2-4-4

Figure 2-4-3 Sample Beaker Number (50), Collection Number (DEM-03), 

Field Name (38-B-40), Sample Bag Number (24), and Collection 

Date (1/11) 2-4-6

Figure 2-4-4 Beaker Numbers to Sample Bags 2-4-7

Figure 2-4-5 Fenwick Can Washers (Soil Sample Washing Machine) in Sample Wash Room 2-4-8

Figure 2-4-6 Opening Sample Bags 2-4-10

Figure 2-4-7 Beaker Number Confirmation 2-4-11

Figure 2-4-8 Tank and Dumping Sample 2-4-12

Figure 2-4-9 Sieves and Skimming Debris 2-4-12

Figure 2-4-10 Sample Beakers on Laboratory Counter 2-4-15

Figure 2-4-11 Sample Reading Station 2-4-17

Figure 2-4-12 Golden Nematode Station 2-4-18

Figure 2-4-13 Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily 

Sheet 2-4-19

Figure 2-4-14 Pouring Sample from Beaker into Small #60 Sieve 2-4-20

Figure 2-4-15 Flotsam Examination for Cysts 2-4-21

Figure 2-4-16 Golden Nematode Cysts 2-4-21

Figure 2-4-17 Golden Nematode Cyst Placement in Vial 2-4-22
Figures

LOF-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Figure 2-4-18 Example of Vial Label 2-4-23

Figure A-1-1 Example of Golden Nematode Farm Survey 

Questionnaire A-1-3

Figure A-1-2 Example of Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing 

Daily Worksheet A-1-6

Figure A-1-3 Example of Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

 A-1-10

Figure A-1-4 Example of Sample Storage Worksheet A-1-14

Figure A-1-5 Example of Weekly Summary Record A-1-16

Figure A-1-6 Example of PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

 A-1-18

Figure A-1-7 Example of GIS Image of Survey Site (ArcView) A-1-19

Figure A-1-8 Hand-Drawn Diagram of Sample Collection Grid A-1-20

Figure A-1-9 Example of Hand-Drawn Nursery Survey with Grid A-1-21

Figure A-1-10 Example of PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey 

Log A-1-25

Figure A-1-11 Example of PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

 A-1-27

Figure A-1-12 Example of PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement A-1-30

Figure A-1-13 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement for Potato 

Growers A-1-31

Figure A-1-14 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement A-1-32

Figure A-1-15 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement A-1-33

Figure A-1-16 Example of PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit (blank) A-1-36

Figure A-1-17 Example of PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines A-1-38

Figure B-1-1 First Aid Rescue Breathing B-1-5
11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual LOF-1

Golden 

Nematode 

Tables

Table 1-1-1 Reporting Issues With or Suggestions For the Golden Nematode Program Manual 1-1-4

Table 1-1-2 How to Use Decision Tables 1-1-6

Table 2-3-1 Selection Guide for Collecting Soil Samples by Machine

 2-3-8

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated 

Articles 3-1-6

Table 3-1-2 Certificate and Permit Requirements for Used Containers and 

Used Equipment 3-1-16

Table 3-1-3 Methyl Bromide Fumigation at Normal Atmospheric Pressure 

(NAP) 3-1-18

Table 3-1-4 Temperature for Dry Heat Fumigation of Soil Samples 3-1-22

Table 3-1-5 Temperature and Exposure for Steam Fumigation of Bench and 

Potting Soil 3-1-22

Table 3-1-6 Dosage, Temperature, and Reading for Methyl Bromide Fumigation at Normal Atmospheric Pressure (NAP), Chamber or 

Tarpaulin 3-1-24

Table 4-1-1 List of Golden Nematode Resistant Potato Varieties 4-1-2

Table A-1-1 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Farm Survey 

Questionnaire A-1-4

Table A-1-2 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Sheet A-1-8

Table A-1-3 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Survey Data 

Worksheet A-1-11

Table A-1-4 Instructions for Completing Sample Storage Worksheet

 A-1-15

Table A-1-5 Instructions for the Weekly Summary Record A-1-17

Table A-1-6 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode 

Survey A-1-22

Table A-1-7 Instructions for Completing Cyst Nematode Field Survey 

Log A-1-26

Table A-1-8 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 391, Specimens for 

Determination A-1-28

Table A-1-9 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 519, Compliance 

Agreement A-1-34

Table A-1-10 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

 A-1-37

Table A-1-11 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines A-1-38
Tables

LOF-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Table B-1-1 Fumigant Monitoring via Route of Entry, Monitoring Device, and 

Exposure Source B-1-3

Table B-1-2 Signs and Symptoms of Fumigant Poisoning and Emergency 

Aid and Medical Treatment B-1-6
06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 1-1-1

Chapter

1

Introduction

Contents

Purpose 1-1-1

Scope 1-1-2

What the Manual Covers 1-1-2

What the Manual Does Not Cover 1-1-3

Users 1-1-3

Related Documents 1-1-3

Application 1-1-3

How to Use This Manual 1-1-4

How to Report Problems 1-1-4

Golden Nematode Program Contacts 1-1-4

Conventions 1-1-5

Advisories 1-1-5

Boldface 1-1-5

Bullets 1-1-5

Chapters 1-1-5

Control Data 1-1-6

Decision Tables 1-1-6

Examples 1-1-6

Footnotes 1-1-6

Heading Levels 1-1-7

Highlighting and Hypertext Links 1-1-7

Indentions 1-1-7

Italicized Brackets 1-1-7

Numbered Lists 1-1-7

Numbering Scheme 1-1-7

Using the Manual 1-1-8

Manual Updates 1-1-8

Ordering Additional Manuals and Revisions 1-1-8

Purpose

The United States Department of Agriculture Animal, Plant Health Inspection 

Service (USDA-APHIS) takes regulatory action to prevent the spread of 

Globodera rostochiensis (golden nematode), which causes a dangerous disease 

of potatoes and certain other plants. In the United States, golden nematode 

currently infests certain counties or areas within counties in the State of New 

York only, and is neither widely prevalent nor distributed throughout the 

United States. 
Introduction

Scope

1-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

The Golden Nematode Program Manual will help prepare you for the 

following tasks:

Performing detection and delimiting surveys for golden nematode in areas 

where the golden nematode is known or not known to occur

Conducting treatments and certifying regulated articles for movement 

from regulated areas

Determining the movement entry status of regulated and non-regulated 

articles

Taking regulatory action when golden nematode is detected

Scope

What the Manual Covers

The manual is divided into tabbed chapters:

Introduction

Procedures 

Control

The manual also contains appendixes, a glossary, and an index.

The Introduction provides basic information about the manual such as purpose, 

scope, and users. The introduction includes contact information for problems 

related to the manual, and also includes the a list of related documents, 

directions on how to use the manual, and a description of conventions 

(unfamiliar or unique symbols and highlighting) that appear throughout the 

manual.

The Procedures chapter contains the following information:

History of the golden nematode

Life cycle of the pest, host plants and infestations

Detection and delimiting surveys

Sample transport

Sample washing

Sample reading

Preparing the suspect cysts for identification

Cleaning and disinfection of supplies and equipment

Directions for the certification of articles moving from golden nematode 

regulated areas
Introduction

Users

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 1-1-3

Control methods used in the State of New York 

The appendixes contain the following information:

Examples and instructions for completing and issuing forms

Safety procedures

The Glossary defines specialized words, abbreviations and acronyms, and 

other terms that are used which may be difficult or unfamiliar.

The Index contains topics and page numbers for quick reference.

What the Manual Does Not Cover

The manual does not cover the following:

Detailed information about the golden nematode 

Detailed pest identification procedures used by the golden nematode 

identification specialist

Users

This manual is written for use by PPQ Plant Health Safety Specialists (PPQPHSS), PPQ Technicians, and PPQ Biological Aides; the Golden Nematode 

Program director; the Golden Nematode Program manager; and other Federal 

and State regulatory officers.

Related Documents

The authority for specific regulatory action is based on the Golden Nematode 

Quarantine 7 CFR 301.85 and the Plant Protection Act. The State of New York 

Plant Regulatory Agency has enacted an interior parallel quarantine known as 

Part 127 of the Agriculture and Markets Law.

Application

This manual contains the policy, guidelines, and instructions that officers must

follow as a basis for the treatment or other procedures to be used in authorizing 

the movement of regulated articles. This manual serves as a basis for 

explaining such procedures to persons interested in moving articles affected by 

quarantine regulations.
Introduction

How to Use This Manual

1-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

How to Use This Manual

Review the contents of this manual to get a feel for the scope of material 

covered. Glance through the section that you will be using, and familiarize 

yourself with the organization of the information. Use the table of contents 

which follows each tab to find the information you need.

If the table of contents is not specific enough, then turn to the index to find the 

topic and its page number.

How to Report Problems

Use Table 1-1-1 to report suggestions, problems, situations, and disagreements 

which directly affect the contents of the Golden Nematode Program Manual.

Golden Nematode Program Contacts

EXAMPLE

To find information on the first signs of plant infestation, see Plant 

Damage on page 2-1-5.

Table 1-1-1 Reporting Issues With or Suggestions For the Golden Nematode 

Program Manual

If you: Then:

 Are unable to access the online manual

 Have a suggestion for improving the format (layout, spelling, etc.)

CONTACT PPQ Manuals Unit at 

PPQ.IRM.ISMU.Manuals.Feedback@usda.gov

 Disagree with a policy, procedure

 Have an urgent situation requiring an 

immediate response

CONTACT the Golden Nematode Supervisor at 607-566-7057

 APHIS PPQ Golden Nematode Avoca 

Laboratory

8237 Kanona Road

Avoca, NY 14809

607-566-7057

 APHIS PPQ Golden Nematode 

Westhampton Beach Office

4 Stewart Ave 

Westhampton Beach, NY 11978

928-920-9602

 APHIS–PPQ Golden Nematode website APHIS PPQ NY Golden Nematode 

Director

Gina Stiltner

500 New Karner Road, Suite 2

Albany, NY 12205

518-218-7530

Gina.l.stiltner@usda.gov
Introduction

Conventions

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 1-1-5

Conventions

The conventions used in this manual are established by custom and are widely 

recognized and accepted.

Advisories

Advisories are used throughout the manual to bring important information to 

your attention. Please carefully review each advisory. The definitions coincide 

with American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and are in the format 

shown below. 

Boldface

Boldfaced type is used to highlight negative or important words throughout 

this manual. These words are: always, cannot do not, does not, except, 

mandatory, must, never, no, not, prohibited, only, other than.

Bullets

Bulleted lists indicate that there is no order to the information listed.

Chapters

The manual has chapters divided into chapter sections. Every chapter and 

chapter section has a table of contents at the beginning that lists the heading 

titles within.

! DANGER

Danger Table message is used in the event of imminent risk of death or serious 

injury.

! WARNING

Warning Table message is used in the event of possible risk of serious injury.

! CAUTION

Caution Table message is used for tasks involving minor to moderate risk of injury.

NOTICE

Notice Table message is used to alert a reader of important information or Agency 

policy.

SAFETY

Safety Table message is used for general instructions or reminders related to safety.
Introduction

Conventions

1-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Control Data

Information placed at the top and bottom of each page helps users keep track of 

where they are in the manual and updates to the manual. At the top of each 

page is the chapter and first-level heading. At the bottom of each page is the 

month, year, manual transmittal number, title, page number, and unit 

responsible for content.

Decision Tables

Decision tables are used throughout the manual. The first and middle columns 

in each table represent conditions, and the last column represents the action to 

take after all conditions listed for that row are considered. Begin with the 

column headings and move left-to-right, then continue one row at a time.

Examples

Examples are used to clarify a point by applying a real-world situation.

Footnotes

Footnotes comment on or cite a reference to text and are referenced by number. 

Two types of footnotes are used in this manual: general text footnotes and table 

or figure footnotes.

General text footnotes are located at the bottom of the page and are 

consecutively numbered throughout the manual.

Table and Figure footnotes are located at the bottom of the associated singlepage table or figure when space allows. However, for multi-page tables or 

tables that cover the length of a page, footnote numbers and footnote text 

cannot be listed on the same page. To locate footnote text, be sure to check the 

last page and the page following the end of the associated table or figure.

Table 1-1-2 How to Use Decision Tables

If you: And: Then:

Read this column first Continue in this row TAKE the action listed in this cell

Read this column Continue in this row TAKE the action listed in this cell

EXAMPLE Examples are graphically placed boxes within the text as a means of 

visually separating from other information on the page. Examples 

always appear in a box like this.
Introduction

Conventions

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 1-1-7

Heading Levels

Within each chapter there are three heading levels. The first heading is 

indicated by a horizontal line followed by the title which continues across both 

the left and right columns. The second heading is subordinate to the first 

heading, is in the right-hand column with the text beginning below it. The third 

heading is subordinate to the second heading, and located in the left-hand 

margin.

Highlighting and Hypertext Links 

When tables, figures, or other headings are cross-referenced in the body of the 

manual, they are emphasized in boldface and highlighted. Headings and titles 

are also italicized. These appear in blue hypertext in the on-line manual.

Indentions

Entry requirements which are summarized from CFRs, permits, or policies are 

indented on the page.

Italicized Brackets

When completing or reviewing certain certificates and forms, information that 

is to be entered, listed, or filled in is italicized and enclosed in brackets.

Numbered Lists

Numbered lists are used to indicate the specific order in which the information 

listed is to be followed.

Numbering Scheme

A two-level numbering scheme is used in this manual for pages, tables, and 

figures. The first number represents the chapter. The second number represents 

the page, table, or figure. This numbering scheme allows for easier updating 

and adding and removing pages without having to reprint an entire chapter. 

Dashes are used in page numbering to differentiate page numbers from decimal 

points.

EXAMPLE

Refer to Figure 2-1-1 on page 2-1-5.
Introduction

Using the Manual

1-1-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Using the Manual

Review the contents of this manual to get a feel for the scope of material 

covered. Glance through the section that you will be using, and familiarize 

yourself with the organization of the information. Use the table of contents 

which follows each tab to find the information you need. If the table of 

contents is not specific enough, then turn to the index to find the topic and 

corresponding page number.

Manual Updates 

The PPQ Manuals Unit issues and maintains manuals electronically on the 

Manuals Unit Web site. The online manuals contain the most up-to-date 

information.

Immediate update revisions to the manual are issued through the APHIS PPQ 

Stakeholder Registry. If you wish to receive updates to this manual, please visit 

the APHIS PPQ Stakeholder Registry Home Page and subscribe to that 

service.

Each immediate update contains the following information:

Link to access and download the online manual

List of the revised page numbers

Purpose of the revision(s)

Transmittal number

Ordering Additional Manuals and Revisions

Although using the online manuals is the preferred method, APHIS employees 

may order hard copies of manuals from the APHIS MRP Business Services, 

Acquisition & Asset Management, Printing, Distribution, Mail, Copier 

Solutions (PDMCS).Visit the PDMCS website for detailed information and 

printing costs. The Manuals Unit is not responsible for printing costs.
06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-1-1

Chapter

2

 Procedures

Introduction

Contents

Introduction 2-1-1

Golden Nematode Program 2-1-1

Cooperation With Other Agencies 2-1-2

Map of Regulated Areas 2-1-2

General Pest Information 2-1-2

Strains 2-1-3

Distribution 2-1-3

Hosts 2-1-3

Life History 2-1-4

Introduction

The Introduction section of the Procedures chapter provides information about 

the Golden Nematode Program: a map of areas in New York State that are 

currently regulated for golden nematode; and general information about the 

history of the pest, the life cycle, pest hosts, and plant and crop damage. 

Golden Nematode Program

The goal of the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Golden Nematode Program is to maintain 

a risk-based management system to prevent the spread of golden nematode 

(Globodera rostochiensis) and new infestations in potatoes, and to facilitate 

international and interstate agricultural shipments.

The Golden Nematode Program includes the following components:

Certification of regulated articles for movement from regulated areas

Decision-making on the movement of regulated and non-regulated articles 

into regulated areas

Survey of regulated land 

Survey of fields planted with susceptible crop varieties

Soil sample processing for golden nematode

Control of golden nematode infestations and regulated land

Treatment of equipment and supplies that enter, are used on, or exit 

regulated land
Procedures

Map of Regulated Areas

2-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Cooperation With Other Agencies

Sometimes the regulations of different Federal, State, and local agencies 

govern the same pests. As a result, USDA-APHIS-PPQ cooperates with the 

following Federal, State, and local agencies regarding golden nematode 

research, survey, and control.

Federal 

The USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) provides assistance with the 

Golden Nematode Program. 

State and Local 

The New York Department of Agriculture and Markets shares regulatory 

responsibility for the Golden Nematode Program with APHIS. APHIS 

supports the development of golden nematode-resistant potato varieties at 

Cornell University through cooperative agreement. The New York Certified 

Seed Potato Improvement Cooperative provides research. The Extension 

Service of the Cooperative State Research Service provides assistance.

Map of Regulated Areas

To view the most recent golden nematode quarantine map, please visit the PPQ 

Golden Nematode website.

General Pest Information

Of the many plant pests of foreign origin that have become established in the 

United States, potato cyst nematodes, including Globodera rostochiensis

(golden nematode), are potentially more dangerous than any of the other 

insects and diseases affecting the potato industry. Damaging populations of 

golden nematode develop when susceptible crops are planted in monoculture 

or rotation.

Potatoes and tomatoes are the principal crops of importance that are attacked 

by the golden nematode. Once golden nematode is established, the growing of 

potatoes and tomatoes must be done only by planting nematode-resistant 

varieties or in rotation with other crops for long periods. Continuous planting 

of non-resistant varieties of potatoes is impractical in golden nematode 

infested soil, due to decreases in crop yield caused by increases in the 

nematode population.
Procedures

General Pest Information

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-1-3

Strains

There are presently two strains of golden nematode (GN) infesting land in New 

York. The primary GN race that infests land in New York is Ro1; however, a 

second race Ro2 has also been found in a few fields. Data collected indicates 

Ro2 develops on land infested with Ro1 where the same Ro1 potato-resistant 

variety is grown. 

All survey and regulatory information in this manual apply to both GN Ro1 

and Ro2. Special crop rotation procedures are required on land where Ro2 has 

been detected. Grower options are very limited because Ro2 resistant potato 

varieties are still being developed.

Distribution

In the United States, golden nematode Ro1 was discovered in 1941 on Long 

Island, New York. Infestations have since been confirmed in the New York 

counties of Cayuga, Livingston, Nassau, Orleans, Seneca, Steuben, Suffolk, 

and Wayne. The two townships, Elba and Byron in Genesee County, NY were 

regulated due to their proximity to a regulated area in Orleans County, NY. GN 

was never detected in Genesee County and in 2010 Genesee County was 

removed from the list of regulated areas, based on multiple years of systematic 

soil survey.

New Castle County, Delaware was infested, but has since been eradicated of 

golden nematode. Delaware was removed from quarantine in 1970.

Today the golden nematode is a major pest of potatoes in Europe. In England 

alone, nearly 75 percent of potato production land has severe crop restrictions 

due to golden nematode infestation. In addition to the Europe and the U.S., 

golden nematode has been also been found in parts of South America and Asia.

The first recorded Golden nematode infestation was in Germany in 1881. At 

the time, golden nematode was considered to be a strain of Heteroda schachtii. 

By 1913, this nematode was discovered in Scotland. Finally in 1923, the 

golden nematode was described as a completely different species, and not a 

strain of Heteroda schachtii.

Hosts

Although potatoes and tomatoes are the primary crops established to be golden 

nematode hosts, the golden nematode also reproduces on the roots of eggplants 

and on some wild solanaceous weeds.

Damaging populations of the nematode develop in infested fields when 

susceptible crops are planted in a monoculture or rotation. The pest will 

develop when fields of crops are planted with potatoes following potatoes, 
Procedures

General Pest Information

2-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

tomatoes following tomatoes, and potatoes following tomatoes, or tomatoes 

following tomatoes.

Life History

Golden nematode eggs and larvae live within cysts produced during previous 

infestations, and over-winter in the soil. When soil temperatures become 

favorable during spring and summer, the larvae begin to emerge from the eggs 

in direct response to chemical exudates of host plant roots. As the larvae leave 

the cysts, they enter the soil, penetrate the host plant roots behind the root tip, 

and then migrate to a position near the host’s vascular system where feeding 

begins. Larvae continue to emerge from cysts throughout the growing season, 

and golden nematodes in various stages of development can be found in and on 

host roots. Normally only one golden nematode generation is produced per 

year in the New York temperature zone.

Golden Nematode Female Larvae

As the developing golden nematode female larvae enlarge and break through 

the surface of the roots of the host plant, they remain attached to the host plant 

roots by their necks. Females pass through pearly-white and yellow color 

phases and retain eggs within their bodies.

The female nematode continues to be attached to host-plant roots while being 

fertilized by the adult male nematode. At death, females become the brown 

cysts which are easily detached from host-plant roots and remain in the soil 

after harvest of the host-plant crop.

Adult Golden Nematode Males

Adult golden nematode males are worm-like. They separate from the roots of 

the host-plant to search, find, and fertilize the female larvae.
Procedures

General Pest Information

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-1-5

Golden Nematode Cysts

A golden nematode cyst is the dead body of a female nematode. The cyst is a 

spheroid, brown, thick-walled structure, and small enough that several cysts 

will fit on a pinhead. The cyst gives considerable protection for the eggs and 

larvae within. Each cyst can contain up to 500 eggs and larvae. The eggs inside 

these cysts can remain viable at least 20 years. 

Plant Damage

Golden nematodes bore into the roots of host plants and feed on the plants’ 

juices. This feeding does not cause immediate damage the above-ground part 

of the infested plant, and consequently infestation often goes undetected for 

years. 

source: Zafar A. Handoo source: Zafar A. Handoo

Figure 2-1-1 Mature Golden Nematode Cysts (right cyst shows larvae 

movement)

source: Zafar A. Handoo

Figure 2-1-2 Mature Female Cysts on Potato Plant Roots
Procedures

General Pest Information

2-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Signs of Infestation

The first sign of infestation is usually poor plant growth in one or more areas of the 

potato, tomato, or eggplant field. Signs of infestation include wilting, stunted growth, 

poor root development, and early death of the plant. As nematode populations 

increase, poor plant growth areas enlarge and newly-damaged areas appear on plants 

in the field. Eventually, the entire field shows poor plant growth. 

Figure 2-1-3 Field of Potato Plants Showing First Visible Signs of Golden 

Nematode Infestation
07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-1

Chapter

2

Procedures

Preparation, Disinfection, and Clean-up

Contents

Introduction 2-2-2

Soil Survey 2-2-2

Exposed Land 2-2-2

Nonexposed Land 2-2-2

Soil Conditions 2-2-3

Survey Preparation 2-2-3

Step 1: Confirm the Reason for the Survey Is Valid 2-2-3

Step 2: Determine the Type of Survey to Conduct 2-2-4

Step 3: Prepare for the Survey 2-2-5

Step 4: Assemble the Survey Crew 2-2-7

Step 5: Prepare at the Survey Site 2-2-9

Survey Equipment and Materials 2-2-11

Equipment 2-2-11

Materials 2-2-11

Sample Bag Labeling 2-2-13

Survey Site Clean-up 2-2-14

Crew Leader Responsibilities 2-2-14

Manual Survey Crew Responsibilities 2-2-15

Mechanical Survey Tractor Operator Responsibilities 2-2-15

Sanitation 2-2-16

Cleaning Vehicles 2-2-16

Cleaning of Clothing, Equipment and Supplies During Survey of 

Commercial Potato Fields 2-2-16

Cleaning and Disinfection for Survey of Seed Potato Fields 2-2-17

Cleaning and Disinfection for Confirmatory and Other Surveys 2-2-17

Cleaning and Disinfecting Materials and Supplies 2-2-18

Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment 2-2-18

Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment 2-2-18

Pressure Washing Treatment 2-2-20

Steam Heat Treatment 2-2-21

Work Unit Clean-up 2-2-21

Crew Leader Responsibilities 2-2-21

Survey Crew Responsibilities 2-2-21
Procedures

Introduction

2-2-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Introduction

The Preparation and Disinfection section of the Procedures chapter provides 

information that will help personnel get ready to conduct a survey; procedures 

to follow during a survey; and instructions for proper cleaning and disinfecting 

of supplies, equipment, and vehicles after the survey is finished.

Soil Survey

Soil survey for golden nematode is conducted to determine whether or not the 

soil is infested. In the State of New York, survey for golden nematode is 

currently conducted every place that grows potatoes.

Exposed Land

Exposed land is land that meets any of the following criteria:

Land that was infested and has been fumigated, resurveyed, and released 

from quarantine regulation prior to 19721

Land operated by a farmer who has farmed infested land

Land farmed with equipment used in a field with a history of

infestation

Land bordering a field with a history of infestation

Land that receives direct drainage from a field with a history of infestation

Land exposed as a result of a regulatory violation

Nonexposed Land

Non-exposed land and fields are those that have never had golden nematode 

infestation. Nonexposed fields are sampled and tested for golden nematode 

when the fields are planted with a susceptible variety(ies) of potatoes, 

tomatoes, or eggplant in a county or area that is regulated for golden nematode.

Where surveying all potato or tomato fields is not possible, selection of fields 

to survey should be based on crop history. Select fields which have been 

planted to potatoes and/or tomatoes consecutively for the longest period of 

time. 

There is little likelihood of finding nematode in fields planted to a host crop for 

less than 3 consecutive years. If crop rotation is practiced on a field, then a 

1 All land found infested from 1972 to the present is regulated by New York State Part 127, Golden 

Nematode Quarantine. Under New York State Law, this land is officially called regulated land.
Procedures

Survey Preparation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-3

longer period of time (more than 3 consecutive years) is required for the 

nematode to build up to a detectable level.

Soil Conditions

If the soil is too wet, delay survey until the ground is dry. 

Survey Preparation

Review the survey process listed in Figure 2-2-1, then continue to Step 1: 

Confirm the Reason for the Survey Is Valid. 

Step 1: Confirm the Reason for the Survey Is Valid

Any of the following conditions are valid for conducting a golden nematode 

survey:

Farmer requests export certification for freedom from golden nematode 

(voluntary survey)

Land exposure to possible golden nematode infestation (mandatory

survey) 

Potato varieties susceptible to golden nematode have been planted and 

grown three (3) years or more, consecutively or in rotation (mandatory

survey)

Regulatory violation (i.e., someone moves equipment from an area that 

has golden nematode to an area that does not have golden nematode 

infestation (mandatory survey)

Seed potato certification (i.e., grower needs to certify potatoes for export 

certification or interstate movement) (mandatory survey)

Confirm the reason to conduct the survey falls under a category listed above. 

Continue to Step 2: Determine the Type of Survey to Conduct.

EXAMPLE If you can take a clump or handful of soil and squeeze the soil into a 

ball, then the soil is too wet to sample.

1. Confirm the reason for conducting the survey is valid.

2. Determine the type of survey to conduct. 

3. Prepare for the survey.

4. Assemble the survey crew.

5. Prepare at the survey site.

6. Conduct the survey.

7. Clean-up and disinfect survey materials and equipment.

8. Transport samples to the laboratory.

Figure 2-2-1 Summary of the Survey Process
Procedures

Survey Preparation

2-2-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Step 2: Determine the Type of Survey to Conduct

Field soil sampling is used for detection and delimiting purposes. The pattern 

and number of samples to be taken will vary depending upon the likelihood of 

infestation, acreage involved, personnel available, and other factors. 

The first-line supervisor or Program Manager will decide which type of survey 

to conduct based on the results of the initial survey or confirmation survey.

1. Prior to beginning the survey work, contact all growers involved in the 

survey to inquire and determine whether the growers have encountered any 

trouble spots in potato fields or tomato fields (refer to Plant Damage on 

page 2-1-5). 

2. Visit the proposed survey site. If the soil is too wet, then do not conduct the 

survey until the soil is dry. 

3. Obtain a GIS map of the site.

Survey Types

The survey types available are:

Confirmation survey (refer to page 2-3-9)

Grader survey (refer to page 2-3-8)

Manual survey/systematic manual soil sampling (refer to page 2-3-3)

8-by-8 block method (refer to page 2-3-4)

Simplified 8-by-8 block method (refer to page 2-3-5)

Modified 8-by-8 (4-by-8) block method (refer to page 2-3-6)

Mechanical survey/wheel soil sampling (refer to page 2-3-7)

Nursery survey (refer to page 2-3-9)

Peripheral survey (refer to page 2-3-9)

Post-crop survey (refer to page 2-3-10)

Post resistant-variety treatment survey (refer to page 2-3-10)

Rested field survey (refer to page 2-3-11)

Selected area soil sampling (refer to page 2-3-8)

Symptom survey (refer to page 2-3-12)

Survey to release land from exposed status (refer to page 2-3-11)

Survey of seed potato production areas (refer to page 2-3-2)

Survey outside regulated areas (refer to page 2-3-11)
Procedures

Survey Preparation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-5

Step 3: Prepare for the Survey 

Staff will follow the procedures listed below to prepare for the survey. Plant 

Health Safeguarding Specialists (PHSS) or PPQ Technicians may lead crews 

of temporary employees used for survey. 

PPQ Plant Health Safeguarding Specialist (PHSS)

The Plant Health Safeguarding Specialist’s (PHSS) responsibilities for the 

assigned area include the following:

1. Interview the grower to obtain information and complete the Golden 

Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire on page A-1-3 prior to the survey.

2. Use the data from the Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire on 

page A-1-3 to complete the Laboratory Leader removes the completed 

sheets weekly and files in the Golden Nematode File Folder in the Work 

Unit files. on page A-1-9.

3. Set up the survey.

4. Complete as much information as possible on PPQ Form 312, Golden 

Nematode Survey on page A-1-18 in advance.

5. Obtain an aerial map of the field to be surveyed.

A. If available, use GIS software to obtain the map (i.e., ArcGIS 

orthorimagery, Google Maps, etc.). GIS maps provide the highest 

quality and greatest detail.

B. If a GIS map is not available, then use an aerial photographic map, 

topographic map.

C. If none of the maps above are available, then use a hand-drawn map 

showing clear details (road names, landmarks, etc.).

6. Place the map on the back of PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey. 

Take a GPS reading at the entrance point of the field and enter the latitude 

and longitude on the form. Mark North on the map.

7. Coordinate all survey and regulatory responsibilities in the assigned area of 

coverage.

8. Oversee PPQ Technicians and temporary personnel hired to conduct the 

survey sampling.

9. Oversee the survey.

NOTICE

Depending on the size and quantity of fields to survey, the number of persons conducting a survey may be as few as one and as many as xx.

Duties will be adjusted accordingly.
Procedures

Survey Preparation

2-2-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

10. Check the weather status and determine if conditions are acceptable to 

conduct the survey.

A. If raining, then do not conduct the survey. 

B. If soil is too wet, then do not conduct the survey.

C. If the survey will not be conducted due to weather conditions, then 

notify the crew leader and the survey crew.

11. Review the completed PPQ Form 312, at end of each day. 

12. File the completed PPQ Form 312 in the appropriate county Record of 

Infestation folder. The form will remain in the folder while the sample bags 

are drying in the rack room (refer to Record of Infestation Folder on page 

2-4-24).

PPQ Technician Responsibilities

The PPQ Technician’s responsibilities may include the following:

1. Obtain maps from PHSS or prepare maps for next day’s sampling.

2. Assemble the survey crew.

3. Perform the crew leader duties.

4. Assist the PPQ Plant Health Safeguarding Specialist (PHSS).

Crew Leader Responsibilities

The crew leader (PPQ-PHSS, PPQ Technician, or a temporary personnel) 

responsibilities include the following, which are to be conducted before 

departing the USDA facility each day:

1. If raining, then check with the PPQ-PHSS to determine whether or not the 

survey will be conducted.

2. Gather supplies (steno notebook and pencil to sketch field). If supplies 

have already been gathered (at the end of the previous workday), then 

verify everything is in the survey vehicle. Place fresh drinking water in the 

thermos the morning of survey.

3. Determine how many fields to survey for the day.

4. Use the field maps to identify which field(s) to survey.

5. Review the survey maps.

6. Supervise the initial stocking of supplies (including boots for the crew) in 

the transport vehicle.
Procedures

Survey Preparation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-7

7. Distribute the sample bags and markers for the crew members to number 

on the way to the site (refer to Sample Bag Labeling on page 2-2-13).

Step 4: Assemble the Survey Crew

A typical field crew for a manual survey is 3 people, but the number of crew 

members may vary from 1 to 7 people, depending on the size and number of 

fields to sample, and the survey type.

Crew Leader Responsibilities

The crew leader will assemble the survey crew. 

Survey Crew Responsibilities

Prior to and on the way to the survey site, the survey crew’s responsibilities 

include the following:

1. In the event of bad weather, the GN Survey Crew should call the officer-incharge of their area before coming to work. If the officer-in-charge cannot

be reached, then call the Avoca office.

2. Use a vehicle which can be washed, cleaned, and disinfected, such as a 

work-type van without carpeting or a covered-bed pickup truck is 

preferred. If a vehicle with carpeting must be used, then place plastic 

sheathing over the seat back and on the carpeted area where samples will 

be loaded. 

3. Prepare the truck or van for the trip to sample site.

A. Gather supplies.

B. Confirm tools, bags, and equipment are clean.

 Crew guidelines

 Expense log

 Golden Nematode Quarantines Map and list of regulated articles that require a certificate 

or permit year-round

 Fact sheet: Golden Nematode A Pest of Importance

 Flyer: Reduce Your Risk of Tractor Overturn

 Flyer: What You Need to Know About Preventing Plant Poisoning

 Important phone numbers list

 Local hospital’s Poison and Drug Information Center phone number (taped to the inside 

binder)

 Paper, blank sheets (5)

 PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey (3)

 PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log (3)

 Reminders

 Safety procedures from the Avoca Work Unit Safety & Health Office

 Tractor operator guidelines

Figure 2-2-2 Items to Include in Field copy of Golden Nematode Survey Binder
Procedures

Survey Preparation

2-2-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

C. Arrange supplies in the rear of a covered-bed pickup truck or van in an 

organized manner, so that items can be easily removed from the 

vehicle.

D. Leave space toward the rear of the vehicle so that paper sample bags 

can be stacked side-to-side.

4. Review the survey maps.

5. Help label the bags on the way to the survey site (refer to Sample Bag 

Labeling on page 2-2-13).

6. Help clean and restock the survey van or truck with supplies for the next 

day’s work.

Tractor Operator Responsibilities

Mechanical surveys are conducted by tractor operators. The tractor operator’s 

responsibilities include the following:

1. Review the survey map with the PPQ-PHSS or PPQ Technician, and 

discuss the survey conditions and where to park.

2. Daily, know where you are going to sample and post the sampling location 

on the schedule board.

3. Daily, make sure you have all equipment and supplies for daily operation. 

Ensure that tools are not misplaced during the workday.

A. Check the tool box assigned to your tractor each morning before 

departing for the sampling location.

B. Check the tool box assigned to your tractor at the end of the day with 

your supervisor.

C. Remove the tool box and tools from your tractor, and store in the 

tractor shed as directed. Do not leave tools on the tractor overnight.

D. When samples are taken to the rack room, make sure the storage rack 

sheets are filled out.

4. Follow tractor operation and maintenance guidelines. As a tractor operator, 

you are responsible for the safe operation and routine maintenance of the 

equipment assigned to you.

A. First day of each week:

a. Check the oil level; and if needed, add oil.

b. Check the transmission fluid; and if needed, add fluid.

c. If applicable, check the battery fluid level.

B. Daily:

a. Check the oil level; and fill as needed.
Procedures

Survey Preparation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-9

b. Check the gas level; and add gas while the tank is cold and the 

engine is off.

c. Check the trailer tires, tie-downs, and lights, and secure the safety 

chain to be sure all are in working order.

5. Operate the tractor safely.

A. Keep the tractor a a speed low enough to prevent bouncing.

B. Do not attempt sharp turns at high speed.

C. When driving the tractor on a highway, lock the brakes together.

D. Use flashers and lights on roads and highways.

E. Use farm roads to enter and leave the fields.

F. If operating the tractor in the field, then unlock the brakes.

G. At field ends, raise the equipment before turning.

H. Make end turns slow and brake-assisted, but not locked.

6. Carry PPQ Form 312, Cyst Nematode Survey, with you. Have the form 

completed when the collection is done; and give the form to your 

supervisor.

7. The tractor must be washed before moving between divided and/or 

different growers’ fields. Open the tractor’s battery box; clean the battery 

box and the extra punches.

8. Clean and secure the tractor at the end of each work day.

9. Smoking is not allowed in vehicles or government buildings.

10. Obtain the supervisor’s approval before having lunch in restaurants or 

dinners during the work day.

Step 5: Prepare at the Survey Site

In addition to the procedures listed under Survey on page 2-3-1, follow the 

steps listed below at the survey site.

Crew Leader Responsibilities

At the sampling site, the crew leader will do as follows:

1. Park the vehicle on a hard-surface road. Do not park on the field or field 

roads. Place one (1) orange traffic cone in front of the vehicle and one (1) 

traffic cone at the rear of the vehicle.

2. Put lightweight neoprene boots on before entering the field, and make sure 

the crew members have boots on. 

3. Walk to the field entrance and record the GPS reading NW.

4. Use your judgment to determine which end of the field to start sampling.
Procedures

Survey Preparation

2-2-10 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

5. If conducting a manual survey, then take the mesh duffle bags, mesh 

backpacks, trowels, and paper sample bags with you to the field. You will 

use the mesh bags to collect and hold the filled sample bags.

6. If conducting a mechanical survey, then have the tractor operator remove 

the bags from the bag holders, fold and staple each bag, and place the bags 

in the bag basket.

7. Use the notebook to sketch an outline of the field, the location of each 

sample, and any landmarks (fences, mailboxes, road names, etc.).

8. Conduct and/or assist with the sampling.

9. When the field sampling is complete, carefully place all samples into the 

duffle bags and/or backpacks and carry them to the vehicle.

10. Remove the soil sample bags from duffle bags and/or backpacks, staple 

each sample bag closed, and stack in consecutive order in the transport 

vehicle. 

Manual Survey Crew Responsibilities

At the survey site, the manual survey field crew will do as follows:

1. Put boots on before entering the survey field.

2. Start sampling where directed by the crew leader.

3. Place the filled sample bags in the mesh tote/backpack located at the end of 

the sample row.

4. After finished sampling, be sure to keep your boots on and walk to the 

vehicle.

5. Remove the sample bags from the mesh backpack/tote and staple each bag 

closed

6. If a carpeted van or other carpeted vehicle is being used as the transport 

vehicle, then make sure plastic is placed over the carpet before loading the 

sample bags into the vehicle.

7. Load and stack the sample bags in consecutive order in the transport 

vehicle.

Mechanical Survey Tractor Operator Responsibilities

The tractor operator will do as follows to prepare at the survey site:

1. Review the survey map with the PPQ Technician, and discuss survey 

conditions and where to park.

2. Operate the tractor in a safe manner.

3. Unload the tractor from the transport trailer.
Procedures

Survey Equipment and Materials

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-11

4. Must wear boots while in the survey fields and wash at the same time as 

the tractor. 

5. Place prenumbered bags in bag holders on the mechanical sampling 

equipment.

6. Watch the bags so that each is no more than one-third to one-half full.

7. Stop the tractor; remove each bag; and fold and staple the top. Place the 

filled bags in the bag basket, and safeguard the sample bags.

8. Place new bags in the sample bag collection holder.

9. Complete PPQ Form 312, Cyst Nematode Survey. Give the completed 

form to the PHSS or PPQ technician at the end of each day.

Special Preparations for Seed Potato Field Survey

Before entering and sampling seed potato lands, personnel must put on 

lightweight neoprene boots; tuck trouser or pant legs inside the boots; and keep 

them tucked in while samples are being collected. Special sanitary procedures 

also apply (refer to Cleaning and Disinfection for Survey of Seed Potato Fields

on page 2-2-17).

Survey Equipment and Materials

Equipment

The following equipment is needed to conduct mechanical surveys:

Low pressure pump

Pick-up truck

Tank of water 

Tractor (for mechanical survey)

2-wheel sampling equipment (use on non-exposed field that has no

previous golden nematode infestation) 

3-wheel sampling equipment (use on exposed field)

Trailer (for mechanical survey to a tractor with a mechanical sampler and 

samples; and pulled by a pressure-washing, cleaning-equipment truck)

Truck (preferred) or van without carpet 

Materials 

Materials needed for the manual survey and the mechanical survey are listed 

below:

Boots, rubber or Tyvek (1 pair for each crew member and a few spare 

pairs)
Procedures

Survey Equipment and Materials

2-2-12 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Brushes, stiff bristle

Clipboard

First Aid kit

Hypochlorite, 5.25 percent (bleach)

Maps

Mesh backpacks

Orange safety vests

Paper bags, heavy duty

Permanent markers (red, green, and black)

Plastic tubs (3) (for cleaning and sanitizing boots and trowels)

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

Raincoats (for use while cleaning equipment or steam cleaning)

Rubber gloves, lined (3-7 pair)

Safety cones

Sponges

Stapler, heavy duty

Traffic cones (2 for manual survey)

Trowels (long-handled)

Water containers, 5-gallon (filled with clean drinking water) 
Procedures

Sample Bag Labeling

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-13

Refer to the survey materials in Figure 2-2-3.

Sample Bag Labeling

Regardless of the type of sampling followed, all bags used must be properly 

labeled and accurate records prepared and maintained.

Label each bag with the following information starting just below the top fold 

of the bag:

1. Use the designated permanent marker color: 

Red ink: Ro2 samples; post-treatment samples

Green ink: certified seed potato land samples

Black ink: all other samples

2. Print the crew leader’s initials, consecutive collection number, and year on 

the first line in the center of the bag. The crew leader must:

Exercise caution so that numbers are not duplicated

Continue with consecutive numbering through the same calendar year 

(even when moving the sampling to another township, county, or State

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-2-3 Survey Supplies in Van
Procedures

Survey Site Clean-up

2-2-14 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Do not start new numbering until the beginning of the next calendar 

year

3. Print the field number on the second line.

4. Print the date (month, day, and year) in the lower right-hand corner, only

on the first (START) and last (END) bags of each collection. 

5. Begin with 1 for the first sample bag, and then consecutively number each 

sample bag in the collection (each sample bag has a separate number) in 

the lower left-hand corner and circle the number, Write “END” above the 

last sample bag number in the collection. 

Survey Site Clean-up

After the survey is finished for each collection, then the crew leader and survey 

crew will clean-up and disinfect at the survey site. 

Crew Leader Responsibilities

After the survey is finished, the crew leader will make sure the supplies are 

cleaned and disinfected as follows:

EXAMPLE

JJD-01-07

(for John J. Doe, collection 1, in 2007)

Figure 2-2-4 Example of Survey Sample Bag Labeling
Procedures

Survey Site Clean-up

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-15

1. Set up three wash tubs for cleaning and sanitizing boots, mesh bags, and 

trowels. 

A. Prepare a bleach solution (1 part 5.25% bleach (hypochlorite) to 10 

parts of water) in one wash tub to use for sanitizing. 

B. Add clear water in the other two tubs to use for cleaning and rinsing 

before sanitizing.

2. Remove your boots and have each person remove their boots at the vehicle, 

and then have each person clean their boots (refer to Cleaning and 

Disinfecting Materials and Supplies on page 2-2-18). 

3. Do not allow anyone to re-enter the field after their boots have been 

removed. 

4. Clean and disinfect survey tractors and pickup trucks at the survey site 

(refer to Cleaning Vehicles on page 2-2-16).

5. If a van is used to transport samples, then stop at a car wash to wash the van 

on the way back to the lab from the survey site.

Manual Survey Crew Responsibilities

After completing a manual survey, the field crew will do as follows:

1. Clean boots, trowels, mesh bags/backpacks with the bleach solution (refer 

to Cleaning and Disinfecting Materials and Supplies on page 2-2-18).

2. Confirm boots, trowels and mesh bags have been thoroughly cleaned with 

the bleach solution before placing the trowels and boots in a clean 

container in transport vehicle.

3. Empty and rinse the buckets, containers, and brushes; and then clean and 

disinfect with bleach solution.

4. Place disinfected buckets, containers, and brushes back into the transport 

vehicle.

5. At the end of the survey sampling day, transport the sample bags to the 

Work Unit Rack Room.

Mechanical Survey Tractor Operator Responsibilities

The tractor operator will clean-up at the survey site as follows:

1. Clean and disinfect the tractor and trailer (refer to Cleaning and 

Disinfecting Equipment on page 2-2-18).

2. Clean boots with the disinfectant solution.

NOTICE

Empty wash water onto the same side of the road as the field that was surveyed, so 

that the wash water will drain back into the survey area.
Procedures

Sanitation

2-2-16 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

3. Load the tractor onto the transport trailer.

Sanitation

Particular care must be taken when working in golden nematode infested 

fields. Each person and piece of equipment involved in the golden nematode 

quarantine program activities is a potential carrier of golden nematode. Every 

reasonable precaution must be taken to prevent the spread of golden nematode 

by program personnel and equipment.

Cleaning Vehicles 

Vehicles (cars, trucks, trailers, etc.) should remain on hard-surface roads. 

When driving vehicles on field roads is necessary, a mobile pressure washer 

must be available and used to thoroughly clean the vehicle before leaving the 

survey site. Tractors used on survey fields for a mechanical survey must also 

be thoroughly sanitize before leaving the survey site.

Follow the steps below:

1. Remove all soil from the vehicles and equipment. Use power washing 

equipment to remove soil from the vehicles. 

2. If driving on field roads is necessary, then a mobile pressure washer must 

be available and to thoroughly clean the vehicles and equipment with hot 

water under pressure before leaving the survey site. 

3. If the survey is of seed potato production areas, then additional sanitary 

procedures are required (refer to Cleaning and Disinfection for Survey of 

Seed Potato Fields on page 2-2-17).

Cleaning of Clothing, Equipment and Supplies During Survey 

of Commercial Potato Fields

On surveys of commercial potato fields, special cleaning must be completed as 

follows before leaving one field and entering the next field:

1. Each crew member must use a stiff bristle brush to clean all soil from their 

trousers, shoes, and materials.

2. Thoroughly clean trowels used for sample collection. Trowels must be free 

of recesses or grooves where soil may become impacted. 

3. Before leaving the survey property, clean mechanical sampling equipment 

with hot water under pressure, using a single orifice nozzle to remove all 

NOTICE

No vehicles or mechanical soil sampling equipment can be used or enter seed 

potato production land. No equipment for golden nematode survey that has been 

used on infested or exposed land can be used on seed potato production land.
Procedures

Sanitation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-17

soil from the equipment (refer to Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment on 

page 2-2-18). 

Cleaning and Disinfection for Survey of Seed Potato Fields

Personnel conducting survey on seed potato lands must take extra sanitary 

precautions before entering, moving from one field to the next, and exiting 

survey fields. 

When the seed potato field survey is complete, clean your boots, materials, and 

tools with a stiff bristle brush to remove all soil. Disinfect boots, materials, and 

tools by scrubbing with a solution of 5.25 percent hypochlorite in 10 parts 

water before leaving one field and continuing in another field.

Cleaning and Disinfection for Confirmatory and Other 

Surveys

Sanitary procedures outlined for seed potato fields will be followed while 

conducting confirmatory surveys and at any other time the inspector deems 

appropriate. 

All confirmatory surveys conducted will be accomplished by manual survey 

procedures. (These procedures are the same as used for seed potato fields.) 

Personnel sampling confirmatory surveys will be provided with lightweight 

neoprene boots. Tuck trouser or pant legs inside your boots before entering the 

sampling field and keep tucked in while samples are being collected.

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-2-5 Disinfecting Manual Survey Equipment
Procedures

Sanitation

2-2-18 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Cleaning and Disinfecting Materials and Supplies

Crew Leader

After the survey is finished, set up a cleaning site that is near the sampling site, 

and sloping downward. Follow the steps below:

1. Set up 3 stations for disinfecting supplies. Prepare a solution of one part 

5.25 percent hypochlorite (bleach) to 10 parts water in tubs. 

2. Remove your boots and have the crew remove their boots at the vehicle; 

and do not re-enter the field after boots have been removed. 

3. Use a stiff bristle brush to remove loose soil from boots, trowels, and mesh 

tote bags/backpacks.

4. Clean and disinfect boots, trowels, and mesh bags using the bleach solution 

and brush.

5. Empty the used cleaning solution to drain back into the field.

6. Use a whisk broom to remove any loose soil from the vehicle. 

7. Place the supplies in the vehicle. 

Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment

A concrete pad, blacktop area, or driveway is the ideal location for cleaning 

equipment; otherwise, a gravel area or a grassy area right next to the field 

sampled can be used. The location of the cleaning site must be sloping 

downward so that the runoff will drain back into the field sampled (refer to 

Figure 2-2-6 on page 2-18).

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-2-6 Sloped, Concrete Gravel Pad for Equipment Cleaning
Procedures

Sanitation

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-19

Follow the instructions below:

1. Move the equipment to the cleaning site.

2. Hook up the low pressure pump (small pump) to the tank of water, and use 

the low pressure pump to get most of the soil off first.

3. Use the high pressure washer to finish cleaning the equipment.

Always clean the equipment under the following conditions:

After a survey or after entering regulated land

Under the terms of a compliance agreement

Upon request from a farmer or landowner to clean the equipment

When anyone uses enters, uses equipment, and plans to exit golden 

nematode regulated land

When a grower/farmer contacts USDA about the sale of equipment used 

on golden-nematode regulated land

When custom farming equipment is used on regulated land (equipment is 

moved from farm-to-farm, such as fertilizer applicators, lime applicators, 

combines, etc.)

When drainage ditch digging equipment is used on regulated land 

(drainage ditches dug on GN infested land)

When well-drilling equipment has entered and plans to exit goldennematode regulated land

NOTICE

Equipment must be cleaned before moving from field to field or on an existing 

infested field and moving back onto the road.

NOTICE

Vehicles, trucks, and all other farm equipment must be steam cleaned before being 

sold or removed from any golden nematode infested farm.
Procedures

Sanitation

2-2-20 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Pressure Washing Treatment

Use a pressure washer and clean tractors, tractor equipment, farm implements, 

cultivators, and pickup trucks first. Then clean hoses, boots, raincoats, and 

anything else that could potentially move golden nematode cysts from a 

regulated field to a non-regulated field.

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-2-7 Pressure Washing With a Single Orifice Nozzle

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-2-8 Pressure Washing Equipment and Supplies
Procedures

Work Unit Clean-up

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-2-21

Steam Heat Treatment

Steam at a temperature of 212° F will destroy, in a short period of exposure, 

most pathogenic microorganisms of the common vegetative forms or the spore 

types when in the growing or vegetative state.

The steam jet method can be used for sterilizing equipment, since this method 

takes advantage of the considerable latent heat liberated when steam condenses 

into water.

If the necessary degree of heat is generated in all parts of the material, then the 

steam jet method is effective for quarantine purposes. Live steam from a jet or 

nozzle is forced into or through a more or less loose and open mass of material 

in such amount and for such period required to raise the temperature of all 

parts of the mass to approximately 212 °F.

Refer to the PPQ Treatment Manual for more information about steam heat 

treatment.

Work Unit Clean-up

After the samples have been placed in the Work Unit Rack Room, then finish 

clean-up and disinfection of vehicles and prepare for the next survey day. 

Crew Leader Responsibilities

After the samples are unloaded into the Work Unit Rack Room, the crew leader 

will do as follows:

1. Supervise the cleaning and disinfection of survey transport vehicle used 

during day.

2. Supervise or assist the restocking of supplies in the transport vehicle.

3. Make a copy of the day’s completed PPQ Form 312, Cyst Nematode 

Survey.

4. Give the completed PPQ Form 312 to the PHSS or PPQ Technician at the 

end of each day. (The technician will give the form to the PHSS to review 

and make sure all blocks are completed. The PHSS will give the form to 

the Laboratory Leader at end of each day.) 

5. Obtain the next day’s maps from the PPQ Technician.

6. Make sure the vehicle is clean and has been washed at a car wash to 

remove soil from the undercarriage. 

Survey Crew Responsibilities

After unloading the samples from the vehicle and placing them in the Work 

Unit Rack Room, the survey crew will do as follows:
Procedures

Work Unit Clean-up

2-2-22 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

1. Sweep the Rack Room.

2. Clean and disinfect inside the vehicle(s), 

3. Prepare the transport vehicle for the next day’s use.
11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-1

Chapter

2

Procedures

Survey

Contents

Introduction 2-3-1

Surveys in New York State 2-3-2

Survey of Seed Potato Production Areas 2-3-2

Soil Surveys 2-3-2

Survey of Commercial Potato Fields 2-3-3

Sanitation 2-3-3

Systematic Manual Soil Sampling 2-3-3

8-by-8 (8 x 8) Block Method 2-3-4

Simplified 8-by-8 Block Sampling Method 2-3-5

Modified 8-by-8 (4-by-8) Block Sampling Method 2-3-6

Mechanical (Wheel) Soil Sampling 2-3-7

Selected Area Soil Sampling 2-3-8

Grader Survey 2-3-8

Nursery Survey 2-3-9

Peripheral Survey 2-3-9

Survey Times and Types 2-3-9

Confirmation Survey 2-3-9

Post-crop Survey 2-3-10

Post Resistant-Variety Treatment Survey 2-3-10

Rested Field Survey 2-3-11

Survey to Release Land from Exposed Status 2-3-11

Survey Outside Regulated Areas 2-3-11

Symptom Surveys 2-3-12

Surveys Outside of New York State 2-3-12

Sample Collection Bag Transport 2-3-12

Sample Transport Vehicles 2-3-12

Loading Sample Collection Bags 2-3-13

Introduction

The Survey section of the Procedures chapter provides procedures for 

conducting systematic soil surveys, labeling samples, and disinfecting soil 

sampling equipment. Survey procedures apply to both golden nematode (GN) 

Race 1 (Ro1) and GN Race 2 (Ro2).
Procedures

Surveys in New York State

2-3-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Surveys in New York State

The general guidelines listed in this section apply to all survey regions in the 

State of New York. All surveys will be conducted in accordance with this 

manual. 

Routine soil surveys will not be conducted on land with less than a 3-year 

potato history (potatoes planted three consecutive years) or on land with 

whole-field plantings of golden nematode-resistant potato varieties.

Exposed fields will be surveyed at a low level of detection (200,000 cysts-peracre). Program personnel determine the intensity of the survey and the area of 

implementation.

Nonexposed fields will be surveyed either mechanically or manually. 

Mechanical surveys on nonexposed fields will be conducted at the 500,000 

cysts-per-acre level. Manual surveys on nonexposed fields will be conducted 

using the 4 x 8 block method, which gives a detection level of 500,000 cystsper-acre.

Do not routinely survey formerly-infested regulated fields that are planted in 

accordance with New York State regulatory requirements unless the prescribed 

crop rotation is violated. 

Survey of Seed Potato Production Areas

All land in New York State that is used for the production of certified seed 

potatoes is to be surveyed annually to ensure freedom from golden nematode.

All seed land is to be surveyed following each crop of golden nematode 

susceptible potatoes.

Special sanitary procedures apply when conducting a seed potato production 

area survey. Refer to Cleaning and Disinfection for Survey of Seed Potato 

Fields on page 2-2-17 and Special Preparations for Seed Potato Field Survey

on page 2-2-11.

Soil Surveys

Soil surveys are conducted using either manual or mechanical samplers. Prior 

to beginning the soil survey work, contact all growers involved in the survey 

and whether the growers have encountered any trouble spots in potato fields or 

tomato fields (refer to Plant Damage on page 2-1-5).
Procedures

Sanitation

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-3

Field soil sampling is used for detection and delimiting purposes. The pattern 

and number of samples to be taken will vary depending upon the likelihood of 

infestation, acreage involved, personnel available, and other factors. 

When surveying all potato or tomato fields is not possible, selection should be 

based on crop history. Fields which have been planted to potatoes and/or 

tomatoes consecutively for the longest period of time should be selected first. 

There is little likelihood of finding nematode in fields planted to a host crop for 

less than three (3) consecutive years. If crop rotation is practiced on a field, 

then a longer period of time is required for the nematode to build up to a 

detectable level.

Survey of Commercial Potato Fields

Special sanitary procedures apply when conduction a survey of commercial 

potato fields (refer to Cleaning of Clothing, Equipment and Supplies During 

Survey of Commercial Potato Fields on page 2-2-16).

Sanitation

Every reasonable precaution must be taken to prevent the spread of golden 

nematode by program personnel or equipment. Particular care must be taken 

when working in golden nematode infested fields. Each person and piece of 

equipment involved in program activities of the golden nematode quarantine is 

a potential carrier of this pest. This includes equipment and materials entering 

any golden nematode infested field or land (such as gas or electric company 

trucks and equipment, telephone company trucks and equipment, cable 

company, etc.). In addition, vehicles, trucks, and all other farm equipment 

must be steam cleaned before being sold or removed from any golden 

nematode infested farm.

Refer to Sanitation on page 2-2-16 for detailed instructions and requirements 

for cleaning clothing, boots, equipment, supplies, and vehicles before, during, 

and after conducting a survey.

Systematic Manual Soil Sampling

Upon arrival at the premises to be surveyed by systematic manual soil 

sampling, the inspector should do as follows:

1. Look over the land.

2. Determine the boundaries and size and shape of the field.

3. Look at the field and determine the width and length. 

4. Plan how the property should be surveyed.
Procedures

Systematic Manual Soil Sampling

2-3-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

5. Divide the property into a grid and record the grid on the field map or in the 

notebook. 

6. Sample the field following the map grid pattern. 

A. Completing sample in a uniform method should provide the correct soil 

sample size for processing at the laboratory.

B. If golden nematode infestation is found, then returning to a specific 

block within the grid should be easier. 

Continue with the instructions on the following pages for the specific survey 

type. 

8-by-8 (8 x 8) Block Method

In the manual survey 8 x 8 Block Method, fields are divided into units of 

approximately 2,080 square meters (half an acre), usually 16-by-224 paces (1 

pace = 2-1/2 feet long). The 8-by-8 block sampling method has 56 sample 

points. The soil sample bags should each contain 56 scoops of soil and weigh 

between 4 and 6 pounds.

1. Divide the field into units.

2. Determine the number of bags needed in the first tier (length of an edge of 

the field in a straight line), as follows

A. Pace the length of the field.

B. Divide the number of paces by 224 to get the number of sample bags 

required for each tier. If the remainder is over 80 paces, then add an 

additional bag to the tier.

source: Steve Kupper

Figure 2-3-1 Manual Soil Sampling
Procedures

Systematic Manual Soil Sampling

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-5

C. Place the sample bags for the first tier, then take 16 paces and place the 

sample bags for the second tier, and continue pacing and placing bags 

for each consecutive tier. 

D. If the last tier is less than 16 paces wide, then each soil sample bag for 

this tier will cover an area approximating the square area covered by 

the standard bags in the other tiers.

3. For the initial survey, sample each area in the grid pattern by collecting one 

scoop (or dip) of soil every eight paces and placing the soil in the sample 

bag.

4. For more intensive surveys, take one scoop or dip of soil at 4 x 8, 4-x-4 or 

2-x-2 pace intervals. 

Simplified 8-by-8 Block Sampling Method

The simplified 8 x 8 sampling may also be used. Instead of dividing the survey 

field into blocks, distribute the collection bags along the edge of the field at 

intervals in multiples of 8 paces, so that each will cover as close to a half-acre 

as possible. 

The advantages of the simplified 8-by-8 Block Sampling Method are: (1) 

carrying the extra weight of several soil samples while completing the last is 

not necessary; and (2) indicating the location of samples is simpler (show 

source: Steve Kupper

Figure 2-3-2 4 x 8 Sampling Method

EXAMPLE For a field approximately 450 paces long, pacing the length of the 

field one time (one trip) and taking a soil sample (one scoop each 8 

paces) yields one sample (8 paces per scoop = 56 scoops per 

sample).
Procedures

Systematic Manual Soil Sampling

2-3-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

where the first and last samples were taken and the width between sample 

lines).

Modified 8-by-8 (4-by-8) Block Sampling Method

The modified block sampling method (4 x 8) is a variation of the standard 8-

by-8 grid pattern. This modified method increases the sensitivity of the survey 

by doubling the number of sample points, and does not generate any additional 

samples per acre. Using the modified 8-by-8 (4-by-8) block sampling method, 

a complete sample will consist of 112 sample points.

The general procedure for the 4-by-8 modified sampling method is the same as 

the standard 8-by-8, except a sample is collected every 4 paces instead of 

every 8 paces. 

Follow the steps below:

1. Divide the field into units.

2. Determine the number of bags needed in the first tier (length of an edge of 

the field in a straight line).

A. Pace the length of the field.

B. Divide the number of paces by 224. This gives you the number of 

sample bags required for each tier. If the remainder is over 80 paces, 

then add an additional bag to the tier.

C. Place the sample bags for the first tier, then take 16 paces and place the 

sample bags for the second tier, and continue pacing and placing bags 

for each consecutive tier. 

D. If the last tier is less than 16 paces wide, then each soil sample bag for 

this tier will cover an area approximating the square area covered by 

the standard bags in the other tiers.

3. Collect one scoop every 4 paces and place the soil in the sample bag. 

Continue to maintain the 8-pace interval between sample lines (tiers). 
Procedures

Mechanical (Wheel) Soil Sampling

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-7

Mechanical (Wheel) Soil Sampling

A tractor-mounted machine is available for collecting soil samples at 

predetermined intervals. The tractor’s operating speed is determined by field 

conditions for both safe tractor operation and optimum sample collection. 

Mechanical (wheel) soil sampling is taken by a tractor mounted machine that 

has either two or three rotating wheels with probes which penetrate the ground 

to a maximum depth of 4 inches. The probes are removable, and the number of 

probes installed determines the spacing between soil sample points. Available 

selection for installation is 10, 20, 40, and 80 inches between points, with 8, 4, 

2, and 1 probe, respectively, per wheel. Approximately one gram of soil is 

collected at each point and deposited into a premarked paper bag. When 

possible, make the swath direction should be parallel to normal tillage, 

planting, and harvest operations (refer to Figure 2-3-3).

All mechanical equipment and probes must be cleaned prior to removal from 

the field and before entering the next field (refer to Sanitation on page 2-3-3). 

Mechanical survey equipment which has been used on infested or exposed 

land must never be used on seed potato production land.

Figure 2-3-3 Three-Wheeled Mechanical Sampler
Procedures

Selected Area Soil Sampling

2-3-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Table 2-3-1 contains a selection guide for collecting samples by machine.

Selected Area Soil Sampling

For areas where large acreage is involved and which are distant from known 

infestations, the preferred method may be sampling using a selected pattern. 

With the selected area soil sampling method, samples are collected from the 

spots most likely to be infested, as follows:

Dumping areas for debris from graders or storage debris

Edges where equipment is turned during cultivation and plowing

Entrances and exits

Low spots

Take samples in strips at intervals which are perpendicular to the direction of 

cultivation. The number of soil samples taken per field will depend upon the 

size of the field, likelihood of infestation, program objectives, and other 

factors.

Grader Survey

The grader survey offers a low-cost survey method that can be used where 

limited resources will not permit a more intensive survey. Timing and 

frequency of soil collection depend on harvest activity, program resources, and 

survey objectives. 

Table 2-3-1 Selection Guide for Collecting Soil Samples by Machine

Cysts per 

Acre1

1 Detection level based on sampling from top 4 inches, with vertical homogeneity of cysts assumed within the plow layer. Soil density assumed to be 86.09 lb. per square foot. Detection 

probability is 95 percent as determined by the Poisson approximation.

Number of 

Chisels/Wheels

Swath Width (in 

square feet)

Area per 

Sample Point

Pounds of Soil 

Per Acre2

2 Based on one gram of soil per sample point.

50,000 8 1.15 1.25 74.9

100,000 8 3 2.50 37.4

200,000 4 3 5 18.7

300,000 4 4.5 7.5 12.5

400,000 4 6 1. 9.3

500,000 4 7.5 12.5 7.4

1,000,000 2 7.5 5 3.75

NOTICE

A grader survey is not recommended for essential early detection or delimiting purposes.
Procedures

Survey Times and Types

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-9

With the grader survey, collect standard size soil samples at regular intervals 

during the harvest season, from soil which accumulates as potatoes are being 

unloaded from harvest trucks at soil facilities. 

Nursery Survey

Collecting soil samples using a nursery survey may present unique problems, 

especially with cold frames, greenhouses, nurseries, and plant beds. 

1. Divide the nursery into a grid pattern either according to type of stock 

grown or to the natural boundaries, such as roads and walkways (refer to 

nursery survey grid example in Figure A-1-9 on page A-1-21). 

2. Record the sampling grid on the map.

3. Collect the soil samples and mark the sample origin on each bag. 

4. If collecting samples from piles of potting soil, then take a sample from 

each pile and mark the location of each sample’s origin on the sample bag.

Peripheral Survey

Analysis of survey records (from previous surveys) indicates that over 90 

percent of all known infestations have been recovered from a peripheral area of 

a field that would be encompassed within 64 paces (160 feet) from each side, 

and 224 paces (560 feet) from each end of the field. 

If the central core of the field contains a low spot that receives drainage from 

other parts of the field, then the central core is tested. 

If the central core of the field does not contain a low spot that receives 

drainage, then this core is not tested. 

Survey Times and Types

Confirmation Survey

Confirm initial findings of infestation by a second (confirmation) survey of the 

property involved. This precaution is taken to preclude improper classification 

of properties. 

If multiple golden nematode cysts are recovered with a minimum of one 

viable cyst in two or more locations in areas of known infestation (such as 

Long Island, Livingston, Orleans, Seneca, Steuben, and Wayne counties in 

New York), then the confirmation survey may be omitted. However, the 

NOTICE

The collection of additional samples (confirmation survey) is particularly important in 

the case of a positive find (golden nematode infestation) in a new county or State.
Procedures

Survey Times and Types

2-3-10 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

decision regarding the need for additional soil sampling will be left to the 

discretion of the appropriate Federal and State supervisory field personnel. 

Where new county or new State records are involved, a confirmation survey is 

mandatory.

Preliminary identifications representing new county or State collections from 

Avoca, New York or Westhampton Beach, New York are confirmed by a 

nematologist in Beltsville, Maryland.

Post-crop Survey

The bulk of post-crop survey activities take place immediately after harvest to 

avoid interfering with normal post-harvest farming operations. 

The principal sampling methods for post-crop survey are systematic manual 

soil sampling or mechanical (wheel) soil sampling. 

Post Resistant-Variety Treatment Survey

With the post resistant-variety treatment survey soil samples are taken from 

infested fields where two successive crop years of resistant varieties have been 

grown as the primary control treatment. Soil samples are collected following 

harvest of the second annual crop of resistant varieties after a field is found 

infested. This procedure is used as the primary control treatment. 

Methods used for post resistant-variety treatment survey includes-0 the manual 

survey or the mechanical (wheel) survey. 

Manual survey should be done using the 4-by-4 block method 

Mechanical (wheel) survey should be done at the 200,000 cyst per acre 

level 

All cysts must be nonviable. If the post-resistant variety treatment survey is 

negative and the grower chooses to use crop rotation, then the field will be 

extensively surveyed again after the first-year susceptible crop varieties are 

grown. 

If the tests confirm all cysts are nonviable after the extensive the follow-up 

survey and the approved crop rotation system is not violated, then further 

survey does not need to be conducted. 

NOTICE

If there is any indication that approved cropping sequences are not being followed, 

then surveys should be resumed immediately.
Procedures

Survey Times and Types

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-11

Rested Field Survey

If requested by the farmer(s) and the land is to be removed from host-crop 

production during that year, then the land normally scheduled for fall survey 

(post-crop) in a particular year may be sampled in the spring of the same year.

Rested field survey methods include systematic manual soil sampling and 

mechanical (wheel sampling).

Survey to Release Land from Exposed Status

To establish eligibility for a survey to release land from exposed status, the 

exposed land must meet the following minimum criteria:

Five years must have passed after the last viable infestation is known to 

have occurred on a particular grower’s land; the five years are counted 

starting after the required negative survey has been accomplished

Five host crops (potato) minimum must be planted on the exposed land 

before the survey can be considered

The survey to release land from exposed status must be conducted at the 

200,000 cyst per acre level or less, in the top 4 inches of soil, and no sooner 

than the fifth (5) host-crop year. 

Surveys will be conducted after harvest to take advantage of soil mixing which 

occurs during harvesting operations. The survey method may be manual or 

mechanical (wheel). If a manual survey is used, then the 4-by-4 block method 

or 2-by-2 block method will give the desired level of detection. All surveys 

must be negative (negative survey).

Surveys for Surveillance

Surveys for surveillance purposes may made prior to the fifth host-crop year.

Survey Outside Regulated Areas

Surveys may be conducted outside of golden nematode regulated areas, except

in New York State where surveys are conducted in suspect areas. A biometrics 

survey of major growing areas may be made periodically.

NOTICE

Exposed land is not eligible for a survey to release land from exposed status until 

the following both of the following occur: five (5) years after the last viable infestation 

is known to have occurred on a particular grower’s land; and the required negative 

survey has been accomplished.
Procedures

Surveys Outside of New York State

2-3-12 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Symptom Surveys

Symptom surveys are conducted in potato and tomato production areas 

throughout the United States.

Symptoms of golden nematode infestation include stunting, yellowing, and 

failing of crops (crop failure). Infestation symptoms occur in a spotty manner 

in the field. These spotty areas tend to elongate in the direction of cultivation 

due to the spread of golden nematode by machinery.

Surveys Outside of New York State

Conduct detection surveys on host cropland in designated golden nematode 

suspect areas outside the State of New York. If golden nematode infestation is 

found, then continue to follow the procedures in this manual. 

Sample Collection Bag Transport

Sample Transport Vehicles

Each vehicle in which sample bags will be transported must be properly 

disinfected prior to placing sample bags in the vehicle (refer to Cleaning 

Vehicles on page 2-2-16).

Program vehicles for transporting samples must remain on the road, highway, 

or thoroughfare that is near, but not on the infested field property.

Seed Potato Soil Sample Transport Vehicle

Seed potato soil samples are only placed in vehicles1 that have never been in 

infested areas or carried samples from infested areas. 

If a program does not yet have a vehicle (van or truck) dedicated to seed potato 

soil sampling transport only, then another vehicle that has never been near an 

infested area may be used provided the interior and exterior has been 

completely disinfected with steam heat treatment.

NOTICE

The integrity of the samples must be maintained at all times.

1 Currently, one truck in Avoca is dedicated for seed sample collection transportation. 
Procedures

Sample Collection Bag Transport

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-3-13

Loading Sample Collection Bags

The survey crew will place the soil samples into the program vehicles. 

Transport vehicles must remain off the survey property, and on the highway, 

road, or thoroughfare. 

Load the sample bags into the transport vehicle (van or truck) as follows:

1. Place each sample bag in the vehicle in consecutive order (by bag number), 

either starting with the first bag (marked 1) and ending with the last bag 

(marked END), or reverse starting with the last bag (END) and ending with 

the first bag (1).

2. If there are sample bags from more than one collection, then keep each 

collection separate, and individually place the bags in consecutive order as 

stated above, on one side of the vehicle. Use cardboard or an empty space 

between the collections to prevent commingling. 

3. To prevent commingling of collections, either place a piece of cardboard or 

an empty space between the collections. 

4. Transport the soil samples to the Work Unit in Avoca, New York for drying 

and examination.

source: Steve Kupper

Figure 2-3-4 Single Soil Sample Collection and Supplies Ready for Transport to 

the Work Unit Laboratory
Procedures

Sample Collection Bag Transport

2-3-14 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01
11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-1

Chapter

2

Procedures

Laboratory, Rack Room, and Wash Room

Contents

Introduction 2-4-1

Work Unit 2-4-2

Rack Room 2-4-2

Step 1: Unload the Vehicles 2-4-2

Step 2: Disinfect and Restock Transport Vehicles 2-4-3

Step 3: Allow the Samples to Dry 2-4-4

Step 4: Gather a Sample Collection from the Rack Room 2-4-5

Sample Wash Room 2-4-8

Step 1: Gather Materials for Sample Washing 2-4-8

Step 2: Prepare the Cleaning Solution 2-4-9

Step 3: Wash Hands and Wear Proper Attire 2-4-9

Step 4: Prepare Sample Bags and Beakers for Sample Washing 2-4-10

Step 5: Wash the Mineral Soil Samples 2-4-11

Step 6: Wash the Muck Soil Samples 2-4-13

Step 7: Place Beakers on Laboratory Counter 2-4-14

Step 8: Clean and Disinfect the Sample Washroom 2-4-15

Laboratory Sample Reading 2-4-16

Materials Needed 2-4-16

Step 1: Set Up the Sample Reading Station 2-4-17

Step 2: Set Up the Golden Nematode Cyst Station 2-4-17

Step 3: Prepare for Sample Reading 2-4-18

Step 4: Read the Samples 2-4-20

Step 5: Remove Cysts 2-4-22

Golden Nematode Cyst Identification 2-4-23

Seed Sample Processing 2-4-24

Record of Infestation Folder 2-4-24

Introduction

The Laboratory, Rack Room, Wash Room section provides the work unit 

procedures for unloading and stacking soil sample bags, washing the soil 

samples, examining the samples, and preparing suspect cysts for positive 

identification. 
Procedures

Work Unit

2-4-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Work Unit

Upon arrival at the Avoca Work Unit, each sample passes through the 

following three areas:

Laboratory

Rack room

Wash room

Rack Room

The Work Unit rack room is climate-controlled with a dehumidifier and heater 

to assist with drying soil sample bags. Up to 10,000 sample bags can be dried 

and stored in this room prior to being moved to the wash room for sample 

washing. Seed samples are stored on separate racks. Racks and shelves are 

each labeled with a rack letter and sample numbers to designate the bags stored 

on each shelf (refer to Figure 2-4-1 below).

Continue to Step 1: Unload the Vehicles on page 2-4-2.

Step 1: Unload the Vehicles

Figure 2-4-1 Rack Number and Shelf Number Label

NOTICE

Maintain the integrity of each soil sample by keeping the bags in consecutive order 

by sample bag number while unloading from the vehicle(s) and carrying into the rack 

room. 
Procedures

Rack Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-3

Upon return to the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Work Unit facility from the sampling 

field, crew members will park the transport vehicle(s) (vans/trucks) in a row, 

and then unload the sample bags as follows:

1. Place the safety ladder at the racks where the sample bags will be stored for 

drying. 

2. Line up single file from the vehicle containing the sample bags to the 

laboratory rack room.

3. If the collection END bag was loaded last, then start unloading the highestnumbered bag (collection END bag), and pass each bag down the line. If 

the collection start bag (marked 1 in the lower left corner of the bag) was 

loaded last, then start unloading with this bag. Keep the collection together 

and in sequential order as the bags are being unloaded. 

4. Place the collection END bag at the front of the rack shelf, and stack each 

bag in consecutive order behind the END bag. 

5. If more than one collection was transported in the same vehicle, then finish 

unloading and stacking one entire collection before unloading the second 

collection. 

The Crew Leader will record on the Sample Storage Worksheet on page 

A-1-14, the date the collection is placed in the rack room, the collection bag 

number, the total number of samples in the collection, the soil type (mineral or 

muck), and the rack and shelf numbers where the collection is placed. The 

information on this sheet is used to identify the location of each sample bag 

while in the rack room (refer to Sample Storage Worksheet on page A-1-14 for 

an example of the worksheet).

Step 2: Disinfect and Restock Transport Vehicles

After all bags have been unloaded and placed in the rack room, then disinfect 

all vehicles used to transport samples from the field to the laboratory facility, 

as follows:

1. Move all vehicles used to transport samples from the field, away from the 

building.

2. Remove all supplies from the vehicle.

3. Vacuum the vehicle’s interior (carpet, seats, sides, ceiling, floor, floor mats, 

and rear area).

4. Prepare a bucket of bleach water solution (one part 5.25 percent 

hypochlorite to 10 parts water).

5. Wash and disinfect the entire interior with the bleach water solution and 

sponge wash the interior. 
Procedures

Rack Room

2-4-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

6. Wash and disinfect the supplies and equipment. 

7. Reload the sampling supplies and equipment into the transport vehicle.

8. Clean and disinfect the exterior of the water jugs, and then fill the jugs with 

water for the next day.

Step 3: Allow the Samples to Dry

Sample bags will remain on the racks in the drying rack room for 

approximately two months to dry, depending on the moisture content of the 

soil at the time of collection. Adjust the dehumidifier and thermostat as rack 

room humidity and temperature levels dictate. When heat is used, the 

temperature should be maintained at 60°-65°F. The soil and potential cysts 

must be dry to process.

Muck Soil Samples

Muck soil is generally friable and dries quicker than mineral soil.

Mineral Soil

Mineral soil dries much more slowly and is more susceptible to hardening.

Sample Moisture Content

Determine whether the soil in each sample bag is dry enough for sample 

washing, as follows:

NOTICE

At the end of each day’s trip from the field, each vehicle must be cleaned, disinfected, and spotless even if the vehicle will be driven back to the same field for sampling the next day. This is done to avoid contamination.

Figure 2-4-2 Soil Samples Drying in the Rack Room
Procedures

Rack Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-5

1. If the sample bag feels heavy, this could indicate the soil is still too moist.

2. Check the outside of the bag for wrinkled, damp, or wet spots. If any are 

found, this indicates the soil is too moist. Return the bag to the exact 

location on there shelf where removed.

Sample Clumps or Hardening

After confirming the sample bag’s contents are dry, feel the bag to determine if 

the soil has hardened or has clumps. The soil must be loose for processing in 

the sample washroom. To break up any clumps or hardness, do as follows:

1. Place the sample bag inside a 4-mil plastic bag, and secure closed to avoid 

contamination. 

2. Place the sample bag on the concrete floor.

3. Take a rubber mallet and pound the sample bag to break up all the clumps 

and chunks of soil. 

Step 4: Gather a Sample Collection from the Rack Room 

After all the sample bags in a collection have cured (dried) on the racks and all 

clumps or hardened soil have been broken up, then the samples are ready for 

processing. 

Two people (Biological Aides or Biological Laboratory Technicians) are 

needed to gather the sample bags and record numbers. One removes sample 

bags from the shelves, and the other assigns and records beaker and sample 

numbers and stacks the bags onto the appropriate cart. 

Complete this task as follows:

1. Gather the following materials:

Carts, flat-surface, different colors, no hooks (2)

Clipboards (2)

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily sheets 

Markers, permanent, same colors as carts (2)

Safety ladder (1)

Sample Storage worksheets (from rack)

2. If you need to remove sample bags from a high rack, then place the safety 

ladder at the rack and climb the ladder to remove the bags. 

3. Place a cart (red), a marker (red) and the clipboard with the Golden 

Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet on page A-1-6

(that has been completed by the Laboratory Leader) for the collection to be 

removed.
Procedures

Rack Room

2-4-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

4. Go to the shelf, look under the BEAKER NO. column (on the Golden 

Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet on page 

A-1-6), and verify the collection number listed on the sheet is the sample as 

the collection number on the bag. 

5. The collection END bag (look just above the bag number in the lower lefthand corner) should be at the front of the rack shelf. Remove the END bag 

first and hand to the second person. 

6. On the precompleted Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing 

Daily Worksheet on page A-1-6, locate the collection number, bag number, 

and beaker number. 

7. Write the preassigned beaker number in the center of the bag (refer to 

Figure 2-4-3 on page 2-4-6). 

Figure 2-4-3 Sample Beaker Number (50), Collection Number (DEM-03), Field 

Name (38-B-40), Sample Bag Number (24), and Collection Date (1/

11)

EXAMPLE For collection number DEM-03, sample bag 24 has been assigned to 

beaker number 50. Beaker number 50 is written in purple in the 

center of the sample bag. 
Procedures

Rack Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-7

8. Place the bag in consecutive order by Beaker No. onto the red cart. 

9. After completed each cart, the shelves are wiped down and the floor is 

swept and mopped.

10. If time allows after you gather the first cart, then get a second cart and 

repeat 1., through 8., above, except for the color. 

A. Use a different color cart and marker for the second batch of sample 

bags. 

B. After writing the beaker number on the bag, then place each bag in the 

second collection on the cart.

source: Dan Kepich source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-4-4 Beaker Numbers to Sample Bags
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

2-4-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Sample Wash Room

Sample washing is the process by which suspect golden nematodes are 

removed from the soil. Conduct sample processing daily. Do not wash more 

samples than can be read within three hours of washing and before the work 

day’s end. Wash soil samples using a Fenwick can washer, also known as the 

soil sample washing machine (refer to Figure 2-4-5 below).

Step 1: Gather Materials for Sample Washing

Gather the following materials for sample washing:

Beakers, empty and numbered1 through 50 (50)

Bleach (hypochlorite)

Bucket and mop

Carts (2 flat surface, no hooks; each cart must be a different color)

Lab sheet 

Pollen mask

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-4-5 Fenwick Can Washers (Soil Sample Washing Machine) in Sample 

Wash Room
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-9

Respirator 

Rubber apron

Rubber gloves

Safety glasses

Sieve, No. 20 mesh (top sieve)

Sieve, No. 60 mesh (bottom sieve)

Tank

There are two wash stations with two Fenwick cans each (total of 4 cans) for 

sample washing, so two people can process samples at a time. The collections 

must be kept separate during processing.

Step 2: Prepare the Cleaning Solution

A bucket of bleach solution is needed to mop the floor during the day. First 

thing each morning, prepare a bucket of disinfectant solution by mixing in the 

bucket: 1 cup of bleach to 3 gallons of hot water. 

Step 3: Wash Hands and Wear Proper Attire

Wear the proper attire. Put a pollen mask, rubber apron, rubber gloves, and 

safety glasses on before entering the laboratory wash room.

Wash your hands as follows: 

Before you begin sample washing

Before putting on rubber gloves

After emptying each sample bag

After pushing sample bags down into trash bag

After pushing the trash bag down into the trash can

After closing and removing the trash bag from the trash can and wash 

room

When wearing gloves, wash the gloves as follows:

NOTICE

Be careful not to cross-contaminate the samples during processing.

NOTICE

Some people choose not to wear rubber gloves during processing, due to sensitivity. If you do not wear gloves, then be sure to wash your hands before, during, and 

after sample washing. Wash your hands at the end of one collection and before 

starting a different collection.
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

2-4-10 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Before you begin sample washing

After emptying each sample bag

After pushing sample bags down into trash bag

After pushing the trash bag down into the trash can

After closing and removing the trash bag from the trash can and wash 

room

Step 4: Prepare Sample Bags and Beakers for Sample 

Washing

Remove the sample bags from the cart in consecutive order, in groups 25, and 

place on the wash room counter in consecutive order. 

1. Carefully slice the top of each bag open with a knife, but do not dig down 

into the sample soil. Be especially careful when opening muck soil sample 

bags as the soil is very dry and can be dusty. 

2. Wash your hands first, but do not hose them clean between opening the 

sample bags. Wash your hands again before picking up the sample beakers.

EXAMPLE Remove the sample bags numbered 1-25 from the cart, and place in 

them on the counter in consecutive order, starting with bag number 

1.

source: Debi Briggs

Figure 2-4-6 Opening Sample Bags
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-11

3. Select the beakers by the beaker number which corresponds with the 

sample bag number. Confirm that both the sample bag number and the 

beaker number are identical (refer to Figure 2-4-7 below).

4. Take both the sample bag and the beaker to the can washer. 

A. To wash mineral soil samples, continue to Step 5: Wash the Mineral 

Soil Samples on page 2-4-11. 

B. To wash muck soil samples, continue to Step 6: Wash the Muck Soil 

Samples on page 2-4-13.

Step 5: Wash the Mineral Soil Samples

The steps below are for washing mineral soil samples only. 

Wash mineral soil samples as follows: 

1. Turn the low water on so there will be a little water in the Fenwick can. 

Refer to Figure 2-4-8 on page 2-4-12 to view the large tank on the right.

2. Open a soil sample bag; and slowly dump the soil into the Fenwick can.

3. Throw the empty sample bag into the trash can. 

Figure 2-4-7 Beaker Number Confirmation
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

2-4-12 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

4. Turn the water on high; this roils and stirs the soil. 

5. Allow the high water to flow just up to the lip of the tank, then turn the 

high water off; this brings the soil up and gets everything to the top of the 

tank. 

6. Keep the low water flowing all through the washing process.

7. As the debris comes up to the top of the tank, carefully hose and skim the 

larger debris from the tank into the top sieve (No. 20) (refer to 

Figure 2-4-9).

8. As the larger debris is skimmed off with the running water, the golden 

nematode cysts will float and come right up to the top (you cannot see the 

source: Debi Briggs source: Debi Briggs

Figure 2-4-8 Tank and Dumping Sample

Figure 2-4-9 Sieves and Skimming Debris
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-13

cysts with the naked eye). Gently skim off smaller debris (which may 

contain suspect nematode cysts) into the top No. 20 sieve.

9. Thoroughly hose down the top screen and sieve sides to force everything 

remaining in the top sieve down into the lower No. 60 sieve (bottom 

screen). This forces the smaller material down onto the bottom sieve. 

10. Each sample must process for a minimum of two minutes. At this time you 

can start a second sample in the other can. 

11. Thoroughly hose the bottom screen and force all material (flotsam and 

cysts) from the bottom sieve into a beaker. Keep adding water to the screen 

until the water level is about 2 inches from the beaker’s top.

12. Remove the top screen from its holder and thoroughly clean the screen, 

then replace in its holder. 

13. Forcefully spray through the top screen into the bottom screen to rinse all 

murkiness from the bottom (water running out of the bottom screen should 

run clear) 

14. Take the hose and add clear water into the beaker until the water and 

flotsam is about 2" from the top. 

15. Thoroughly clean the bottom screen, then return to its holder.

16. Rinse your hands clean between every sample.

17. Prepare to start the next sample.

When processing mineral soil samples only, you can wash one sample and then 

start another in the second tank. While the first tank is filling with water, get a 

second sample bag and begin processing in the second tank. Do not mix the 

contents of sample bags together. 

Step 6: Wash the Muck Soil Samples

The steps below are for washing muck soil samples only. Washing muck soil 

samples is much more time-consuming due to the extremely dry nature of the 

soil. 

NOTICE

Do not mix the contents of the sample bags together.

NOTICE

Be extremely careful when processing muck soil samples. Muck soil can resist wetting. 
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

2-4-14 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Wash muck samples as follows:

1. Wear a pollen mask, respirator, and rubber apron.

2. Turn the low water on so there will be a little water in the tank. Refer to the 

large tank on the right in Figure 2-4-8 on page 2-4-12.

3. Open the soil sample bag carefully; slowly dump the soil into the Fenwick 

can; and keep the water on low while dumping the sample. 

4. Throw the empty sample bag into the trash can.

5. Use the high-pressure water hose and slowly break up the soil.

6. Allow the low water level to flow just up to the lip of the tank; this brings 

the soil up and gets everything to the top of the tank. 

7. As the debris comes up to the top of the tank, carefully hose and skim the 

larger debris from the tank into the top No. 20 sieve (refer to Figure 2-4-9

on page 2-4-12). 

8. As the larger debris is skimmed off with the running water, any golden 

nematode cysts that may be in the debris will float and come right up to the 

top (you cannot see the cysts with the naked eye). Gently skim off the 

smaller debris into the first No. 20 sieve. 

9. Thoroughly hose down the top screen and sieve sides to force remaining 

flotsam in the top sieve down into the lower (bottom) No. 60 sieve.

10. Thoroughly hose the bottom screen to force all the material (flotsam and 

cysts) from the bottom sieve into the sample numbered beaker. 

11. Take the hose and add clear water to the beaker until the water level is 

about 2" the top.

12. Remove the bottom screen from its holder; thoroughly clean; and return to 

its holder.

13. Rinse your hands clean between every sample.

14. Prepare to start the next sample.

Step 7: Place Beakers on Laboratory Counter

Beakers numbered1-83, are assigned to keep track of sample processing in the 

lab.

NOTICE

After each collection is washed, sanitize the Fenwick cans and sieves before starting 

a new collection.
Procedures

Sample Wash Room

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-15

1. As each sample is washed and poured into the correct beaker, place the 

beaker on the laboratory counter. 

2. After all sample washing is complete and all beakers have been moved 

from the wash room to the laboratory, then continue to Step 8: Clean and 

Disinfect the Sample Washroom on page 2-4-15.

Step 8: Clean and Disinfect the Sample Washroom 

After each sample collection has been processed in the wash room and all 

sample beakers have been placed in the laboratory, thoroughly clean and 

disinfect the washroom and carts, as follows:

1. Remove the rubber apron, place in the sink, and hose the apron clean.

2. Hose off the entire wash area. Spray the entire wash station with a 10% 

bleach solution (1 part 5.25% bleach to 9 parts water).

3. Make sure there is no dirt left on the sides and in the bottom of the sinks. 

Use the hose to rinse the sinks again to be sure.

4. Remove all dirt from the counters, and place the dirt in the wash room trash 

can.

5. Spray the countertops and backsplash with the bleach solution.

6. Sweep the washroom floor and place the debris in the wash room trash can.

7. Wash the washroom floor with mop and the bleach solution.

8. Clean and sanitize the carts.

9. Wash your hands thoroughly.

Figure 2-4-10 Sample Beakers on Laboratory Counter
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

2-4-16 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Laboratory Sample Reading

Materials Needed

Gather the following materials:

Ball point pen or thin permanent marker

Empty beakers, 600 mil

Daily Sample Processing Sheet

Dissecting microscope

Dissecting needle

Glass vials, 10 dram

Individual microscope light

Plastic muffin tin holder

Plastic vials, 20 mil with lids

Probe

Paper towels

Reading well

Sample beakers, 600 mil

Small #60 sieve

Spatula

Sponges

Spray bottle with 10% bleach solution

Spray bottle with soap solution

Stainless steel click counter 

Squirt water bottle with spout 

Tri-corner beaker

Tri-section plastic tray

Vial labels

Water

White laboratory coats

NOTICE

Everything used in the laboratory must be clean to avoid contaminating the samples.
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-17

Step 1: Set Up the Sample Reading Station

Gather the following materials for each sample reading station:

Beaker, 600 mil, empty

Dissecting microscope

Loop

Probe

Reading well

Scope light, individual

Spatula

Squirt water bottle with spout

Place the items at each sample reading station (refer to Figure 2-4-11 below).

Step 2: Set Up the Golden Nematode Cyst Station

Gather the following materials for each golden nematode station:

10 dram glass vials with lids

Parafilm

Pen, ball point or thin tip permanent marker

Scotch tape 

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-4-11 Sample Reading Station
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

2-4-18 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Specialty microscope slide labels

Step 3: Prepare for Sample Reading

Prepare for sample reading as follows: 

1. Put on a clean, white laboratory coat.

2. Take the small #60 sieve and the tri-corner beaker to the sink.

3. Take the first sequentially-numbered beaker sample from the counter. 

4. Locate the Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily sheet, 

and under BEAKER NO. find the collection number and the preassigned 

beaker number of the sample you will be reading. Place your initials on the 

sheet beside the beaker number (refer to Figure 2-4-13). 

Figure 2-4-12 Golden Nematode Station

NOTICE

Samples must be read within three hours of washing. After about 3 hours, the cysts 

and floatsam no longer float and sink to the beaker’s bottom.
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-19

5. After all beaker samples listed on the sheet have been read and initialed, 

place the completed sheet underneath the blank sheets on the clipboard. 

The Laboratory Leader will collect the completed sheets weekly. 

Figure 2-4-13 Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Sheet
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

2-4-20 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

6. Take the sample beaker to the sink, slowly turn the beaker and pour the 

material into the #60 sieve, making sure to remove all floating material and 

anything sticking to the sides of the beaker. 

7. Take the same sample, small #60 sieve, and use the squirt water bottle to 

squirt water into the sieve to move any remaining material from the sieve 

and into the tri-section plastic tray. The sieve should now be completely 

empty.

8. Wash the laboratory counter and the sink with a clean sponge and water.

Step 4: Read the Samples

Read the samples as follows:

1. Take the tri-section tray to the sample reading station.

2. Place the tray under the microscope.

3. Use the squirt bottle and slowly add water to the sample material in each 

section of the tray so that any possible golden nematode cysts will float to 

the top, but not flow over. All cysts will float, whether viable (live) or nonviable (old, flattened, or dead).

4. Look into the microscope, and move the plastic sample tray around until 

just a little bit of white plastic is showing at the upper left top.

Figure 2-4-14 Pouring Sample from Beaker into Small #60 Sieve
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-21

5. Start in the upper left corner, and use the probe to move the sample material 

around to examine the sample.

6. Move the tri-section tray in small increments so that you see the top white 

middle portion of the tray. Use a probe to move material around and 

examine the sample. Continue moving the tray and probing the material 

until you have examined the entire sample in each section of the tray. 

7. Look for any round, spherical objects that appear to have a small spout or 

protrusion. Golden nematode cysts have a color range from golden-to 

shades of orange-to dark brown or black. Refer to the microscopic view of 

golden nematode cysts in Figure 2-4-16 below.

source: Dan Kepich source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-4-15 Flotsam Examination for Cysts

source: Zafar A. Handoo

Figure 2-4-16 Golden Nematode Cysts
Procedures

Laboratory Sample Reading

2-4-22 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

8. If you locate a suspect golden nematode cyst, then continue to the 

instructions for removing cysts Step 5: Remove Cysts on page 2-4-22. 

9. After you are finished examining the sample and have removed all suspect 

golden nematode cysts for identification, then dump the flotsam from the 

tray into the empty beaker.

10. Take the small #60 sieve, tri-section plastic tray, and reading well to the 

laboratory sink. Thoroughly clean each item, and make sure all material is 

removed.

11. Repeat each step above until all beaker samples have been examined.

Step 5: Remove Cysts

All golden cysts must be identified, whether they are considered to be viable 

or not. If you locate one or more golden nematode cysts when reading a 

sample, then do as follows:

1. Get one vial and a lid from the golden nematode station and take to the 

sampling station. 

A. Use only one vial per sample, even if there are multiple cysts from the 

same sample. 

B. Do not mix cysts from multiple samples into one vial. 

2. Look under the microscope and use the loop to locate and isolate each 

golden nematode cyst. 

3. Use the loop to remove the suspect golden nematode cyst(s) from the 

flotsam in the tray; and place each cyst into the vial. Screw on the lid (refer 

to Figure 2-4-17 below).

source: Dan Kepich

Figure 2-4-17 Golden Nematode Cyst Placement in Vial
Procedures

Golden Nematode Cyst Identification

11/2007-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 2-4-23

4. Prepare a label using a ballpoint pen or thin permanent marker to write the 

collection number, sample bag number, number of suspected golden 

nematode cysts found in the individual sample, and your initials (refer to 

Figure 2-4-18 below).

DEM-01 is the collection number; Bag 3 is the sample bag number; 1 is the 

number of suspect golden nematode cysts in the vial; and AD are the initials.

5. Attach the label to the sample vial and cover the label with scotch tape.

6. Keep all sample vials from the collection together (do not mix collections). 

7. Go to the Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily sheet, 

locate the BEAKER NO. (cysts were in) and record under COLL. NO. the 

number of cysts found.

8. Give the vial collection to the Laboratory Leader.

9. When cysts are found, then at the end of the collection clean and 

thoroughly sanitize all laboratory equipment, sinks, and countertops before 

starting a new collection.

Golden Nematode Cyst Identification

If a golden nematode identifier is available on site, then give the collection 

vials to the identifier.

If an on-site identifier is not available, then give the collection vials to the 

Director or designee who will send the vials for identification, as follows:

1. Complete PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination.

2. Pack the vials in packing material and place in a sturdy parcel to prevent 

breakage in-transit and danger of pest dissemination. Enclose the 

completed Form 391 in the parcel.

3. Attach a shipping label identifying the contents to the outside of the parcel. 

Ship using overnight delivery to the following address:

Figure 2-4-18 Example of Vial Label
Procedures

Seed Sample Processing

2-4-24 Golden Nematode Program Manual 11/2007-01

Dr. Zafar A. Handoo

USDA-ARS Nematology Laboratory

Bldg. 010A, Rm. 111, BARC-West

10300 Baltimore Avenue

Beltsville, MD 20705-2350

Phone: 301/504-6666

Seed Sample Processing

Before processing seed samples, thoroughly clean and sanitize the entire 

laboratory, wash room, rack room, and all equipment. Process seed samples 

last, after all other samples have been processed.

Record of Infestation Folder

When a property is found to be infested with golden nematode, the Laboratory 

Leader will prepare two folders: an original record of infestation folder and a 

duplicate record of infestation folder. 

Fasten the following information inside both the original Work Unit folder and 

the field office folder:

Maps

PPQ Form 391, Specimen for Determination

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

Records of finds

Records of no finds

Records from previous surveys on the property

Other important information 

Maintain both the original and the duplicate field office folder as the historic 

record of the property and safeguard as such. 

Maintain the original record of infestation folder in the file at the Work Unit 

Office. 

The Plant Health Safeguarding Specialist (PHSS) in charge of the regulated 

area will maintain the duplicate record of infestation folder in the field office. 
06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-1

Chapter

3

Procedures

Regulatory Treatment and Certification

Contents

Introduction 3-1-2

Regulated Articles 3-1-2

Special Procedures 3-1-4

Movement Under Limited Permit to Approved Destinations 3-1-4

Shipment to Mexico or Canada 3-1-4

Shipment to Foreign Countries 3-1-4

Certificates and Permits 3-1-4

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement 3-1-4

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit 3-1-6

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines 

3-1-6

Approved Containers and Equipment 3-1-15

Used Containers and Other Used Equipment 3-1-15

Sanitation and Treatment 3-1-17

Sanitation 3-1-17

Authorized Pesticides 3-1-18

Certification Period 3-1-18

Approved Treatments 3-1-18

Irish Potatoes, Grade A or Grade B (Except Seed Potatoes) 3-1-18

Movement of Potatoes Under Limited Permit (Except Seed Potatoes) 

3-1-19

Ear Corn With Shucks Attached 3-1-19

Hay, Straw, and Plant Litter 3-1-19

Plants With Roots, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Ornamental Plant Tubers, and 

Sod (Other than Tomato and Eggplant Transplants) 3-1-20

Root Crops (Other than Irish Potatoes and Sugar Beets) 3-1-20

Sugar Beets 3-1-20

Small Grains 3-1-21

Soybeans (Other than for Seed) 3-1-21

Soil 3-1-21

Dry Heat Fumigation of Soil Samples 3-1-22

Steam Fumigation for Bench and Potting Soil 3-1-22

Tomato and Eggplant Transplants 3-1-22

Used Farm Equipment, Mechanized Soil Moving Equipment, Used 

Containers, Used Farm Tools, and Other Similar Articles 3-1-23

Inspection of Grader Stations 3-1-24

Guidelines for Releasing Land from Regulation 3-1-25
Procedures

Introduction

3-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Category 1 Nonagricultural Land (20-Year Status) 3-1-25

Category 2 Nonagricultural Land (LESS THAN 20-Year Status) 3-1-25

Category 3 Agricultural Land 3-1-25

Seed Potato Certification for Interstate Movement 3-1-26

Introduction

The Regulatory Treatment and Certification section provides a list of the 

regulated articles in golden nematode quarantined areas; the conditions under 

which these regulated articles can be moved from the site of origin; the 

required certificate or permit that must accompany the regulated item for 

movement; and the procedures that the PPQ Officers must follow to authorize 

movement of the regulated articles, and guidelines for releasing land from 

regulation. All regulatory procedures apply to both GN Ro1 and GN Ro2.

Regulated Articles

The following articles are regulated in golden nematode quarantined areas, and 

require a certificate or permit year-round:

Compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, peat, and soil; both 

separately or with other things

Ear corn, unshucked (does not include shucked ear corn)

Grass sod

Hay, straw, fodder, and plant litter of any kind

NOTICE

Exemption to regulation: Soil samples shipped to approved laboratories do not

require attachment of a certificate or permit. Refer to the PPQ inspector for a list of 

approved laboratories.

NOTICE

Exemption to regulation: If the unshucked ear corn has been harvested in bulk or 

directly into approved containers, and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling, and if the corn and containers thereof have not come into 

contact with the soil, then unshucked ear corn is exempt from regulation unless notified otherwise by the inspector.

NOTICE

Exception to regulation: If hay, straw, fodder, and plant litter of any kind is moved in 

approved containers and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling, then hay, straw, fodder, and plant litter are exempt from regulation 

unless notified otherwise by the inspector.
Procedures

Regulated Articles

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-3

Irish potatoes and other root crops

Irish potatoes

Root crops other than Irish potatoes and sugar beets

Plant crowns and roots for propagation

Plants with roots (does not include soil-free aquatic plants)

Small grains and soybeans

Small grains

Soybeans other than for seed

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants

Used crates, boxes, burlap bags, and other used farm product containers

Used farm tools

Used mechanized cultivating equipment and used harvesting equipment

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment

NOTICE

Exception to regulation: If Irish potatoes are graded at an approved grader or 

washed free of soil, packaged in approved containers, and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling, then Irish potatoes other than for 

seed are exempt unless otherwise notified by an inspector.

NOTICE

Exception to regulation: If root crops other than Irish potatoes and sugar beets are 

moved in approved containers and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other 

prescribed handling, then root crops other than Irish potatoes and sugar beets are 

exempt unless otherwise notified by an inspector.

NOTICE

Exemption to regulation: If small grains have been harvested in bulk or directly into 

approved containers, cleaned to meet State seed sales requirements, and not

exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling and the containers 

have not come into contact with the soil, then small grains are exempt unless otherwise notified by an inspector.

NOTICE

Exemption to regulation: If soybeans other than for seed have been harvested in 

bulk or directly into approved containers and the soybeans not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling and containers have not come into 

contact with the soil, then soybeans other than for seed are exempt, unless otherwise notified by an inspector.
Procedures

Special Procedures

3-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Any other products, articles, or means of conveyance of any character 

whatsoever not covered by the above, and determined by an inspector 

that they present a hazard for spread of golden nematode, and the person 

in possession thereof has been so notified

Special Procedures

Movement Under Limited Permit to Approved Destinations

Movement Within Quarantined States

Movement under limited permit (PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit) by PPQ to 

destinations within quarantined States must be approved by the appropriate 

State regulatory official or his designee. 

Movement Outside Quarantined States

Movement under limited permit (PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit) to 

destinations in States other than the quarantined States must be approved by 

the PPQ Deputy Administrator or his designee in concurrence with the 

receiving State regulatory officials.

Shipments of regulated articles to offshore States, territories, or possessions of 

the United States shall be in accordance with the procedures outlined in this 

manual. 

Shipment to Mexico or Canada

Shipment of regulated articles to Mexico or Canada shall be in accordance 

with the procedures outlined in this manual and any other requirement which 

may be specified by officials of Mexico or Canada. 

Shipment to Foreign Countries

Shipment of regulated articles destined to other countries shall be made in 

accordance with import requirements of the destination country.

Certificates and Permits

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

Compliance agreements can be entered with persons who grow, handle, move 

or sell regulated land or articles from regulated land. 

To enter a compliance agreement, the person must do the following:

Review each stipulation of the compliance agreement with a PPQ 

inspector

Agree to the terms of the agreement
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-5

Follow the terms of the agreement

Sign the agreement 

Persons who may enter a compliance agreement with PPQ to clean equipment 

that is used or may have been used on, or entered regulated or suspected golden 

nematode infested land, would include the following:

Auction houses and auctioneers 

Compliance agreement to contact USDA of sale, especially of 

equipment used on GN land

PPQ PHSS will review the consignor’s list of items before each 

auction, and treat the items to be offered for sale (equipment cannot 

be moved before treated)

Cable company

Companies that apply fertilizer or lime on a regulated field

Electric company

Gas company

Phone companies

Towns and municipalities

Miscellaneous (such as a company that is installing wind towers on GN 

infested land

Wind tower installation company

The PPQ inspector should review each compliance agreement on a yearly basis 

and update, modify, or remove the agreement as needed. Compliance 

agreements are valid for one year from the date of signing. A new compliance 

agreement must be signed every year.

Compliance Agreement Cancellation

If the PPQ inspector determines that the person who has entered into a 

compliance agreement has not complied with the conditions of the agreement, 

then the inspector may cancel the compliance agreement orally or in writing 

(refer to 7 CFR 301.85.)

Refer to PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement on page A-1-30 for additional 

information.
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

3-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit, is used to authorize movement of 

noncertified, regulated material to a specific approved destination for 

processing or treatment. Refer to PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on page 

A-1-36 more information. 

Refer to Table 3-1-1.

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant 

Quarantines

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines, is 

used to certify specific regulated articles as free from golden nematode. Refer 

to PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 for more information.

NOTICE

Movement of noncertified regulated articles must be approved by the appropriate 

State Regulatory Official in the applicable State (if movement is within the quarantined State) and/or PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee and the receiving State 

regulatory official (if movement is outside the quarantined State. 

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles 

If the article is: And: Then:

 Bulbs (true)

 Corms

 Rhizomes

 Tubers of ornamental 

plants

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38, or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-7

Compost, separate or 

mixed with other things

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Corn, ear shucked Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate of 

Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Corn, ear not shucked 

(unshucked)

 Harvested in bulk or directly into approved 

containers (refer to Authorized Pesticides on 

page 3-1-18)

 Corn and containers have not come into 

contact with the soil

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed treatment and other prescribed handling

RELEASE; EXEMPT from regulation

Not as described in the cell immediately above CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

3-1-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Fodder  Moved in approved containers

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling

EXEMPT from regulation unless notified otherwise by inspector

 Not in approved containers or has been 

exposed to infestation after cleaning or prescribed handling

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Grass sod Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines on 

page 3-1-6 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page 3-1-6

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Grains, small  Harvested in bulk or directly into approved 

containers and have not come into contact 

with the soil after harvesting

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed treatment

EXEMPT

 Not in approved containers or have been 

exposed to soil or to infestation after cleaning or prescribed handling

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Hay  Moved in approved containers

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling

EXEMPT unless notified otherwise by 

inspector

Not in approved containers or has been 

exposed to infestation after prescribed handling

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-9

Humus, separate or mixed 

with other things

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Irish potatoes, for seed Certified free from golden nematode and not for 

shipment to Puerto Rico

ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

From noninfested fields for shipment to Puerto 

Rico and certified free from golden nematode

1. May SHIP in new burlap bags

2. ATTACH the required PPQ Form 

540, Certificate of Federal/State 

Domestic Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

3-1-10 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Irish potatoes, not for 

seed

 Graded at an approved grader or washed 

free of soil 

 Was not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling and is packaged in approved containers

RELEASE; EXEMPT from regulation

Not graded at an approved grader CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057 Not washed free of soil or exposed to infestation 

after cleaning or other prescribed handling

Not packaged in approved containers

Is from noninfested fields for shipment to Puerto 

Rico

1. May SHIP in new burlap bags

2. 2. ATTACH the required PPQ Form 

540, Certificate of Federal/State 

Domestic Plant Quarantine

Is from noninfested fields for shipment to Puerto 

Rico, but lacks the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page A-1-38

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Manure, decomposed; 

and separate or mixed 

with other things

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-11

Muck Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/

State Domestic Quarantines on page A-1-38 or 

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Peat Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

3-1-12 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Plant crowns and roots for 

propagation

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article to a specific location for processing and 

treatment

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Plant litter of any kind  Moved in approved containers

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling

EXEMPT from regulation unless otherwise notified by inspector

Not in approved containers or has been 

exposed to infestation after cleaning or other 

prescribed handling

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Plants with roots Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-13

Plants, aquatic with roots, 

and contain soil or soil is 

attached to roots

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36 because other than as listed in 

one of the 3 cells immediately above

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Soil-free (does not contain soil or no soil is 

attached to roots)

EXEMPT from regulation unless notified otherwise by inspector; EXIT this 

manual

Root crops, other than

Irish potatoes and sugar 

beets

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling 

 Moved in approved containers

EXEMPT from regulation unless notified otherwise by inspector; EXIT this 

manual

Not in approved containers CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Has been exposed to infestation after cleaning 

or other prescribed handling 

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Soil, separate or mixed 

with other things

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36 because other than as listed in 

one of the 3 cells immediately above

CONTACT th Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Certificates and Permits

3-1-14 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Soil samples, for shipment to an approved 

laboratory

Shipped to an approved laboratory EXEMPT from regulation; certificate 

or permit is not required

Soil samples, for shipment to other than an 

approved laboratory

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36 because other than as listed in 

one of the 3 cells immediately above

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Soybeans  Harvested in bulk or directly into approved 

containers

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling 

 Soybeans and containers thereof have not

come into contact with the soil

EXEMPT unless notified otherwise by 

an inspector; EXIT this manual

 Not harvested in bulk or not harvested 

directly into approved containers 

 Has been exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling or soybeans 

or containers have come into contact with 

the soil

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Straw  Moved in approved containers 

 Not exposed to infestation after cleaning or 

other prescribed handling

EXEMPT unless notified otherwise by 

inspector

Not in approved containers or straw CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057 Containers have been exposed to infestation 

after cleaning or other prescribed handling

Sugar beets 1. DO NOT MOVE (refer to Sugar 

Beets on page 3-1-20)

2. CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Other than listed above REFER to Certificate and Permit 

Requirements for Used Containers 

and Used Equipment on page 3-1-16.

Table 3-1-1 Determine if Certificate or Permit Is Required for Regulated Articles (continued)

If the article is: And: Then:
Procedures

Approved Containers and Equipment

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-15

Approved Containers and Equipment

Containers and Vehicles Approved for Use Without 

Certification

Only the following types of containers are approved to be used for the 

purposes described in this manual (such as transporting shipping articles or 

samples):

New paper bags

New consumer packages of most material 

Cannot be cloth

Cannot be burlap unless used for export shipment and approved by 

the importing country

If free of soil and approved by an inspector, then the following containers may 

also be used to ship the regulated articles listed in this manual:

Boxcars

Crates

Pallet boxes

Trucks

Used Containers and Other Used Equipment

Certain other used containers and used equipment are regulated, but must have 

proper cleaning, disinfecting, and certification as required before use. Continue 

to Table 3-1-2. 

NOTICE

All new burlap bags to be used for export only and approved by the importing country must be kept in storage in the United States prior to use and must be clearly 

marked and labeled “For Export”. 
Procedures

Approved Containers and Equipment

3-1-16 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Refer to Used Farm Equipment, Mechanized Soil Moving Equipment, Used 

Containers, Used Farm Tools, and Other Similar Articles on page 3-1-23 for 

cleaning and disinfection instructions. 

Table 3-1-2 Certificate and Permit Requirements for Used Containers and Used Equipment

If the item is: And: Then:

Containers:

 Burlap bags

 Boxes

 Crates

 Other used farm 

product containers 

Certified free from golden nematode ATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Not free of soil REFER to Used Farm Equipment, 

Mechanized Soil Moving Equipment, 

Used Containers, Used Farm Tools, 

and Other Similar Articles on page 

3-1-23

Exposed to infestation after cleaning

Approved (by the appropriate State regulatory 

official or designee) for movement within the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific destination for processing 

and treatment

ATTACH PPQ Form 530, Limited 

Permit

Approved (by PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee in concurrence with receiving State officials) for movement to a State outside the 

quarantined State, as a noncertified, regulated 

article, to a specific location for processing and 

treatment 

Lacks the required PPQ Form 540, Certificate 

of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines on page 

A-1-38 or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit on 

page A-1-36

CONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Used farm tools Cleaned free of soil and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling

RELEASE; exempt from regulation

Not cleaned free of soil 1. CLEAN free of soil (refer to Used 

Farm Equipment, Mechanized Soil 

Moving Equipment, Used Containers, Used Farm Tools, and Other 

Similar Articles on page 3-1-23)

2. VERIFY items have been cleaned 

and disinfected

3. RELEASE

Exposed to infestation after cleaning

 Used mechanized 

cultivating equipment

 Used mechanized 

harvesting equipment

 Used mechanized 

soil-moving equipment

Cleaned free of soil and not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handlingATTACH the required PPQ Form 540, 

Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantine

Is not cleaned free of soil 1. CLEAN free of soil (refer to Used 

Farm Equipment, Mechanized Soil 

Moving Equipment, Used Containers, Used Farm Tools, and Other 

Similar Articles on page 3-1-23)

2. VERIFY items have been cleaned 

and disinfected

3. RELEASE

Exposed to infestation after cleaning
Procedures

Sanitation and Treatment

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-17

Sanitation and Treatment

Officers must follow the instructions in this manual as a basis for treatment or 

other procedures to be used in authorizing the movement of regulated articles. 

This manual serves as a basis for explaining such procedures to persons 

interested in moving articles affected by quarantine regulations. 

Refer to the PPQ Treatment Manual for general instructions about regulatory 

fumigation. Specifications for authorized fumigants are included where 

necessary to guide proper treatment.

Officers will furnish complete information to anyone interested in moving 

regulated articles. Officers may aid shippers in the selection of authorized 

procedures. The shipper may select the procedure which appears to be most 

practical from the shipper’s standpoint.

Sanitation

Various sanitation procedures must be followed from the time a field is 

identified as infested with golden nematode until the field is officially surveyed 

and confirmed negative for golden nematode to prevent the spread of the pest. 

Procedures deemed appropriate by the officer will be implemented following 

each authorized activity on an infested field (refer to Sanitation on page 2-3-3).

Other than a used article, 

product, or means of conveyance listed above or in 

Table 3-1-1 on page 3-1-6

Inspector determined the item presents a hazard of spreading golden nematodeCONTACT the Golden Nematode 

Supervisor at 607-566-7057

Is not hazardous to the spread of golden nematode as determined by inspector

EXEMPT from regulation

Table 3-1-2 Certificate and Permit Requirements for Used Containers and Used Equipment (continued)

If the item is: And: Then:

NOTICE

Only the treatment procedures authorized in this manual may be utilized without

special permission from the PPQ Deputy Administrator.
Procedures

Approved Treatments

3-1-18 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Authorized Pesticides

Steam heat treatment is the established method of fumigating regulated 

articles. Refer to T-406C and T-406D in the PPQ Treatment Manual. Methyl 

bromide is authorized for treatment of regulated articles for golden nematode 

(refer to Table 3-1-3). 

Certification Period

Once the infested field is treated, the certification period lasts as long the 

treated area is protected from recontamination.

Approved Treatments

Irish Potatoes, Grade A or Grade B (Except Seed Potatoes)

Potatoes must be washed, brushed, or flumed to remove soil. 

When Grade A or Grade B Irish Potatoes (except seed potatoes) meet the 

requirements below, the potatoes may be moved from golden nematoderegulated (but not golden nematode infested) areas without certification:

1. Fields that have received two years of a resistant variety treatment, 

followed by a negative post-treatment survey before the fields are 

replanted to potatoes.

2. Subsequent production from such fields would move as described below:

Table 3-1-3 Methyl Bromide Fumigation at Normal Atmospheric Pressure (NAP)

Dosage Temperature and 

Exposure Time Reading

15 lb. per 1,000 square feet 

(ft.)

24 hours (hr.) @ 15.5 °C (60 

°F) or above

180 grams (g) ounce (oz.) 

minimum concentration 

reading at 1/2 hour

120 grams (g) ounce (oz.) 

minimum concentration 

reading at 24 hours

128 (g/m3) (8 lb./1000 ft.3)

(grams/m3 = oz./1000 ft.3)

48 hours (hr.) @ 15.5 °C (60 

°F) or above

100 g oz. minimum concentration reading at 1/2 hour

75 g oz. minimum concentration reading at 24 hours

50 g oz. minimum concentration reading at 48 hours

! WARNING

Grade A or B Irish potatoes from golden nematode infested fields cannot be moved 

without certification.
Procedures

Approved Treatments

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-19

A. Potatoes will be free of soil, including soil clods, soil clumps, soil peds, 

aggregates, etc.

B. Shipping container will be free of soil.

3. Subsequent potato production from formerly-infested fields which have 

undergone successful resistant-variety treatment verified by intensive 

negative survey may move in accordance with procedures described above 

(refer to Survey to Release Land from Exposed Status on page 2-3-11).

4. Resistant varieties grown as a control treatment on infested fields must be 

graded and cleaned under the observation of an officer who will permit the 

movement of these potatoes when cleaned to the officer’s satisfaction, and 

transported for consumption in approved containers (refer to Approved 

Containers and Equipment on page 3-1-15). In some instances, satisfactory 

cleaning may require washing, grading, and/or fluming.

Movement of Potatoes Under Limited Permit (Except Seed 

Potatoes)

Potatoes (except seed potatoes) may be moved under limited permit only as 

listed below.

Potatoes from Noninfested Fields

If one or more of the criteria described under Approved Treatments on page 

3-1-18 are not met, then potatoes from noninfested fields may be moved only 

under limited permit to an approved processing plant or marketing site.

Potatoes from Fields Found Infested After Planting

Potatoes from fields that are found infested after planting must be washed 

under direct supervision of an officer, and moved to an approved destination in 

approved containers under limited permit.

Ear Corn With Shucks Attached

If ear corn with shucks attached are harvested in bulk or directly into approved 

containers and neither the corn nor containers have come into contact with the 

soil, then the corn is eligible for movement without a certificate or permit 

(PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines or 

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit).

Hay, Straw, and Plant Litter

Hay, straw, and plant litter movement shall be in approved containers in 

accordance with the conditions listed below:

If free of soil, then hay, straw or plant litter is eligible for movement 

without a certificate or permit (PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/

State Domestic Plant Quarantines and PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

are not required)
Procedures

Approved Treatments

3-1-20 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

If such products are felt by a PPQ Officer to constitute a risk of moving 

golden nematode and the owner of the premise has been notified, then the 

PPQ Officer may do either of the following:

Require the product to be fumigated and a certificate to be attached 

(PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant 

Quarantines) 

Require the product to be moved under limited permit to an approved 

destination (PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit)

Plants With Roots, Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Ornamental 

Plant Tubers, and Sod (Other than Tomato and Eggplant 

Transplants)

Movement of plants with roots (other than and not including tomato and 

eggplant transplants), bulbs, corns, rhizomes, ornamental plant tubers, and sod 

shall be in accordance with the conditions prescribed below:

If from noninfested fields in regulated areas, then move the items under 

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines or 

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit (refer to Table 3-1-1 on page 3-6)

If from infested fields or exposed fields, then the items must move under 

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit, in accordance with the stipulations of the 

compliance agreement to an approved local nonagricultural destination 

(refer to PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement on page A-1-30)

Root Crops (Other than Irish Potatoes and Sugar Beets)

Movement of root crops (other than Irish potatoes and sugar beets) shall be in 

approved containers in accordance with the conditions prescribed below:

If from noninfested fields in regulated areas, then the items are eligible for 

movement without a certificate or permit

If from infested or exposed fields and a PPQ Officer judges such products 

constitute a risk of moving golden nematode and the owner of the 

premise has been notified in writing, then the PPQ Officer may do either

of the following:

Require the product to be washed free of soil and the certificate (PPQ 

Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines) 

must be attached

Require the product to be moved under limited permit to an approved 

destination (PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit) 

Sugar Beets

There is no known method of certifying sugar beets for movement from 

regulated areas. Sugar beets are prohibited from movement.
Procedures

Approved Treatments

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-21

Small Grains

Small grains are eligible for movement under either of the following 

conditions:

If harvested in bulk or directly into approved containers and neither the 

small grains nor the containers have come into contact with soil, then the 

small grains and containers are eligible for movement without a 

certificate

If cleaned to meet State seed sales requirements, then small grains may be 

moved in new burlap bags without a certificate or permit

Soybeans (Other than for Seed)

When soybeans (other than for seed) are harvested in bulk or directly into 

approved containers and neither the soybeans nor the containers have come 

into contact with the soil, then soybeans are eligible for movement without a 

certificate or permit (PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Plant Quarantines or PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit).

Soil

Limitations of Soil for Fumigation

Soil for fumigation should be friable and moist but not wet. Lids should be 

removed from small boxes containing soil, and individual sacks should be 

opened and then placed in a fumigation chamber as follows:

1. Level soil mass of bulk soil to a maximum depth of 30 centimeters (1 ft.).

2. Provide the required minimum headspace of 15 centimeters (one-half ft.).

Soil for Movement to Approved Non-agricultural Areas

Soil moving to approved non-agricultural areas (such as urban areas), is 

eligible for movement under PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit, in accordance 

with the stipulations of a compliance agreement (refer to PPQ Form 519, 

Compliance Agreement on page A-1-30). 

Soil Samples, Bulk Soil, Potting Soil, and Bench Soil

After fumigation with methyl bromide, then soil samples, bulk soil, potting 

soil, and bench soil may be moved with PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/

State Domestic Quarantines on page A-1-38 attached.

! DANGER

Plants intended for use as feed or food crops (except tomatoes and strawberries) 

cannot be grown to maturity in soil that was fumigated with methyl bromide.
Procedures

Approved Treatments

3-1-22 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Dry Heat Fumigation of Soil Samples

Exposure time begins after the entire soil mass has been brought to the 

required temperature (refer to Table 3-1-4).

Steam Fumigation for Bench and Potting Soil

If the source of the bench or potting soil has been approved in advance by a 

PPQ Officer/PHSS and the bench soil or potting soil is treated in accordance 

with the time and temperature shown in Table 3-1-5, then the bench or potting 

soil may be certified. 

Soil for Movement to Approved Laboratory

Soil moving to an approved laboratory does not require a certificate or permit.

Tomato and Eggplant Transplants

If tomato and eggplant transplants are from nonexposed fields in a regulated 

area, are washed free of soil as directed by a PPQ Officer, and are packaged in 

approved containers with a certificate (PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/

State Domestic Quarantines on page A-1-38) attached, then the transplants are 

eligible for movement to any destination.

There are no approved treatment procedures for tomato or eggplant transplants 

are from infested fields (treated or not treated). There are no approved 

treatment procedures for exposed fields.

Table 3-1-4 Temperature for Dry Heat Fumigation of Soil Samples

Temperature Exposure Time

105 °C (221 °F) 60 minutes

114 °C (237 °F) 45 minutes

NOTICE

Only soil from sources that are not known to be infested or exposed may be 

approved. 

Table 3-1-5 Temperature and Exposure for Steam Fumigation of Bench and 

Potting Soil

Type of Enclosure Temperature Exposure Time

Greenhouse benches or 

other containers

82.2 °C (180 °F) 1 hour1

1 Exposure time begins when the entire soil mass reaches 82.2 °C (180 °F) and must be maintained throughout the entire treatment.
Procedures

Approved Treatments

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-23

Transplants from Greenhouse Establishments on Noninfested Property

Tomato and eggplant transplants may be produced and shipped with soil from 

greenhouse establishments on noninfested property, when as prescribed below:

Source of the soil has been approved in advance by a PPQ Officer 

Approved soil has been treated with schedules as outlined in this manual; 

and only soil from sources that have not been known to be infested or 

exposed to golden nematode may be approved

Required certificates must be attached for each shipment (refer to Table 

3-1-1 on page 3-6)

If grown in a soil-free medium, then tomato and eggplant transplants may also 

be moved; certificates (must be attached for each shipment. 

Used Farm Equipment, Mechanized Soil Moving Equipment, 

Used Containers, Used Farm Tools, and Other Similar 

Articles

Movement of used farm equipment, mechanized soil moving equipment, used 

containers, and other similar articles from the regulated area shall be in 

accordance with the conditions described below.

Noncropland and Nonhost Cropland

Used farm equipment, used farm tools, used mechanized soil moving 

equipment, used containers and other similar articles have been used on 

noncropland and nonhost cropland are eligible for movement without

treatment or certification. Equipment and articles are to be inspected and 

certified only when deemed necessary by a PPQ Officer.

Host Cropland

If all soil can be removed by cleaning the used farm equipment, used 

mechanized soil moving equipment, used farm tools, used containers, and 

other similar articles, then clean and certify using water or steam treatment.

If the soil cannot be removed by cleaning, then fumigate and certificate (PPQ 

Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Plant Quarantines) 

equipment and articles listed above and used on golden nematode host 

cropland, as follows:

If treated using water-under-pressure, then use a single orifice nozzle and 

water must remove all soil and other debris
Procedures

Inspection of Grader Stations

3-1-24 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

If treated using steam (portable steam jennies or other steam equipment), 

then the steam must remove all soil and other debris

All soil and debris must be removed. If in the judgment of the PPQ Officer 

equipment and articles cannot be adequately cleaned by water-under-pressure 

(washing) or steam cleaning, then the equipment must be fumigated. Soil 

should be removed prior to fumigation. Particular attention must be paid to 

removing compacted soil. Refer to Table 3-1-6 for fumigation dosage.

Certification Period

Once fumigated, the certification period lasts as long the treated area is 

protected from recontamination.

Movement from Infested or Exposed Portions of Regulated Area

When the equipment and articles are cleaned to the satisfaction of a PPQ 

Officer and the required PPQ Form 530, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Quarantines, is attached to the equipment and articles, then movement of the 

equipment from infested or exposed fields to nonexposed portions of the 

regulated area is permitted.

Inspection of Grader Stations

All grader stations under compliance agreement will be inspected to insure that 

stipulations of the compliance agreement are being followed on a schedule 

determined by the appropriate officer-in-charge (refer to PPQ Form 519, 

Compliance Agreement on page A-1-30).

! CAUTION

Steam may remove loose paint on equipment and is not recommended for use on 

machinery with conveyer belts or rubber parts.

Table 3-1-6 Dosage, Temperature, and Reading for Methyl Bromide Fumigation 

at Normal Atmospheric Pressure (NAP), Chamber or Tarpaulin

Dosage Temperature Reading

240 g/m3 (15 lb./1000 ft.3) 24 hours @ 15.5° C (60° F) 

or above

180 g oz. minimum concentration reading at 1/2 hour

120 g oz. minimum concentration reading at 24 hours

128 g/m3 (8 lb./1000 ft.3) 48 hours @ 15.5° C (60° F) 

or above

100 g oz. minimum concentration reading @ 1/2 hour

75 g oz. minimum concentration reading @ 24 hours

50 g oz. minimum concentration reading @ 48 hours
Procedures

Guidelines for Releasing Land from Regulation

06/2022-05 Golden Nematode Program Manual 3-1-25

Guidelines for Releasing Land from Regulation

Land previously found infested with golden nematode that has not been 

fumigated under PPQ supervision may be released from regulations1 if the land 

meets the criteria of one of the categories listed below:

Category 1, nonagricultural land (20-year status)

Category 2, nonagricultural land (less than 20-year status)

Category 3, agricultural land

Category 1 Nonagricultural Land (20-Year Status)

Category 1 nonagricultural land is land which was infested with golden 

nematode and which has been in non-agricultural status for 20 years. Category 

1 land will be released from regulation upon a review of the records to 

determine that the land has been in non-agricultural status for the past 20 years.

Non-agricultural land includes the following:

Highways

Industrial areas

Recreational land (such as golf courses, racetracks, riding academies, etc.)

Residential areas (including home gardens)

Category 2 Nonagricultural Land (LESS THAN 20-Year Status)

Category 2 nonagricultural land is land which was infested with golden 

nematode and which has been in nonagricultural status for less than 20 years. 

Category 2 land may be released if construction for non-agricultural purposes 

has rendered the acreage nontillable.

Nontillable land acreage includes the following: 

Office buildings and parking complex

Mall and parking complex

Shopping center and parking complex

Category 3 Agricultural Land

Category 3 agricultural land, is land which has been planted to nonhost crops. 

Category 3 land would be released from regulations after being planted in 

nonhost crops for 20 years, followed by a negative soil survey on either a 4 x 4 

sampling pattern or a mechanical sampler with a level of detection of 100,000 

cysts per acre in the top 4 inches of soil. 

1 Prior to 1959, infested land was removed from agricultural use because fumigation was not

available.
Procedures

Seed Potato Certification for Interstate Movement

3-1-26 Golden Nematode Program Manual 06/2022-05

Agricultural land planted to nonhost crops includes the following:

Fallow fields

Forage crops

Grain fields

Nurseries

Sod farms

Truck farms

Category 3 land is sampled because of the close association with and possible 

contamination by erosion, equipment, water, wind, etc.

Seed Potato Certification for Interstate Movement

Certification is not required for seed potatoes. Survey/soil sampling of all seed 

potato land is done only to confirm that the soil is free of golden nematode in 

New York. Work with the State of New York for all growers that have seed 

potatoes.
07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 4-1-1

Chapter

4

Procedures

Control

Contents

Introduction 4-1-1

Nonchemical Control 4-1-1

Systematic Use of Resistant Potato Varieties 4-1-1

Restrictions on Infested Property 4-1-3

Crop Management Sequence 4-1-4

Steam Treatment 4-1-5

Golden Nematode Race 2 (Ro2) Treatment 4-1-8

Chemical Control 4-1-8

Introduction

The Control section of the Procedures chapter provides information about nonchemical methods used to treat and control the spread of golden nematode and 

to help eradicate golden nematode in infested areas.

Nonchemical Control

The following methods of non-chemical control are used to help prevent the 

spread of golden nematode:

Federal and State regulations

Steam heat treatment (of equipment)

Survey

Systematic use of resistant-varieties of potatoes to reduce golden 

nematode populations below detectable levels

Require growers are to plant resistant varieties on land treated since 

1972

Require growers to plant resistant varieties on exposed land

Systematic Use of Resistant Potato Varieties

The primary authorized control mechanism is the mandated planting of 

approved golden nematode resistant varieties of potatoes. The use of host-plant 
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

4-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

resistance to reduce the population of golden nematode is a biological means 

of pest control. Golden nematode cysts hatch when stimulated by Solanaceae 

potato root exudates. The nematodes then penetrate the host plant roots and 

establish a feeding site. 

With resistant potato varieties, juvenile nematodes exist on the roots in part 

because the nematode must feed on live cells in the potato plant’s roots. The 

cells around the nematode’s feeding site in the resistant roots die, and most of 

the nematodes die, too. Of the few surviving nematodes, reproduction is 

diminished and the offspring have a lowered rate of infestation.

Refer to the list of potato varieties that are currently resistant to golden 

nematode in Table 4-1-1 on page 4-2.

Table 4-1-1 List of Golden Nematode Resistant Potato Varieties (page 1 of 2)

Year Introduced Potato Variety Agency

1966 Peconic Cornell University

1967 Wauseon USDA-MD

1972 Hudson Cornell University

1976 Atlantic USDA-MD

1977 Campbell Cornell University

1978 Campbell 13 Cornell University

1979 Belchip USDA-MD1

1980 Highlat Russet USDA-ARS2

1981 Rosa Cornell University

1982 Simcoe Agriculture Canada

1984 Islander University of Maine

1985 Elba Cornell University

1985 Hampton Cornell University

1985 Sunrise University of Maine

1986 Donna Agriculture Canada

1989 Kanona Cornell University

1989 NemaRus USDA-MD

1990 Alleghany Cornell University

1990 Steuben Cornell University

1991 Castile Cornell University and USDA-MD

1991 LaBelle Louisiana State University

1992 Coastal Chip USDA

1992 Sparton Pearl Michigan State University

1992 Michigold Michigan State University

1993 Genesee (NY78) Cornell University

1993 St. John’s (AF838-5) University of Maine

1993 Sunchip USDA-MD
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 4-1-3

Restrictions on Infested Property

When property is found to be infested with the golden nematode disease in the 

State of New York, then the owner or operator must enter into an agreement 

with the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. The 

agreement restricts the crops that may be grown to either varieties of potatoes 

that are resistant to golden nematode or to an approved non-host crop. A nonhost crop is defined as any crop which is not in the Solanaceae family. (Potato, 

tomato, and eggplant are in the Solanaceae family).

Post-Resistant Variety Treatment (PRVT)

If the golden-nematode infested land is to continue in potato production, then a 

minimum of two (2) successive crop years of golden nematode-resistant potato 

variety must be grown. Following harvest of the second crop, the field will be 

intensively surveyed in accordance with the procedures described in Post 

Resistant-Variety Treatment Survey on page 2-3-10. All surveys must be 

negative for viability. If the survey is negative, then the farmer/grower may 

continue to grow either golden nematode-resistant varieties or non-host crops.

The farmer/grower may also enter into an approved pest management program 

agreement (refer to Pest Management Program on page 4-1-4).

1995 Pike Cornell University

1995 Andover Cornell University

1997 Salem Cornell University

1999 Keuka Gold Cornell University

1999 Eva Cornell University

1999 Amey USDA-MD

2003 Marcy Cornell University

2003 Sante GN Ro1 and Ro2 resistant variety Germicopa, France

2004 Fabula HZPC, Netherlands

1 USDA in Beltsville, Maryland.

2 USDA-ARS in Palmer, Alaska.

Table 4-1-1 List of Golden Nematode Resistant Potato Varieties (page 2 of 2)

Year Introduced Potato Variety Agency

EXAMPLE Nonhost crops include alfalfa, carrots, corn, cucumbers, pumpkins, 

rye, and wheat. 
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

4-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Crop Management Sequence

Pest Management Program

Farmers or growers may enter an approved pest management program that 

uses resistant varieties, nonhost varieties, and susceptible varieties in a fouryear crop rotation (refer to Systematic Use of Resistant Potato Varieties on 

page 4-1-1).

Following two consecutive crop years of resistant varieties grown on infested 

land and a negative survey, growers may enter the crop rotation system at the 

resistant variety or nonhost year. 

If a farmer/grower chooses to enter the pest management program at year 3 

(nonhost) and a susceptible variety is planted the following year, then the field 

must be surveyed after the susceptible variety is harvested in accordance with 

the survey procedures. If the survey is negative for golden nematode, then 

there is no need for conducting further on the land as long as the approved 

NOTICE

The approved crop rotation system cannot be entered at the susceptible variety 

year under any case or circumstance.
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 4-1-5

rotation system is followed.

An additional option is available for growers who wish to plant a nonhost crop 

on an infested field without having to plant a resistant potato variety for 2 

years. With this option, the grower applies a single application of a registered 

fumigant at the legal dosage rate to the regulated property. The planting of 

potatoes or other host crops on this field is still prohibited.

Steam Treatment

Steam heat treatments can be performed at farm or warehouse locations. Steam 

treatment takes 1 hour and commodities can be released to the owner 

immediately after steam treatment. Steam treatment is not harmful to the 

environment and is noncorrosive. No special precautions are necessary for the 

transportation of steam treatment equipment. 

The following items can be treated with steam heat before moving interstate 

from any regulated area:

Used construction equipment without cabs

Used containers

Used farm equipment without cabs

Steam treatment is not recommended for equipment or vehicles with cabs due 

to possible damage to electrical or plastic components.

Treatment T406-d, Steam at NAP, Tarpaulin or Tent

Steam heat treatment T406-d, Steam at NAP, tarpaulin or tent, used farm 

equipment without cabs, construction equipment without cabs, and used 

containers must be conducted under the following minimum ambient air 

temperatures, which vary with the volume of the treatment enclosure:

1. Determine if the following temperature and volume requirements can be 

met: 

A. If the treatment enclosure is 4,000 ft3

, then the minimum air 

temperature is 40 °F.

B. If the treatment enclosure is greater than 4,000 ft and less than or equal 

to 6,000 ft3, then the minimum air temperature is 60 °F.
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

4-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

C. If the enclosure is greater than 6,000 ft3, then this treatment is not 

recommended. 

2. Assemble the articles to be treated.

A. Articles to be treated should be placed as close together as possible.

B. Arrange articles to allow space for placement of the steam distribution 

manifold. 

3. Place the steam distribution manifold pipe beneath the articles to be 

treated.

A. The steam distribution manifold should be assembled and placed 

beneath the articles to be treated in order to facilitate steam distribution.

B. A flexible steam introduction hose approximately 20 ft in length, 

connects the steam generator to a 10 ft long U-shape pipe capped at the 

ends, with 0.5 inch holes every 12 inches. The pipe serves as the steam 

distribution manifold.

4. Place temperature recording sensors on the article to be treated. 

5. When the treatment is being conducted in enclosures 4,000 ft3 or less, use 

at least 4 recording sensors in addition to the sensor on the steam generator. 

Place sensors in hard-to-treat cracks or crevices on the equipment or 

containers. Position sensors in the following locations:

A. Front high—near the top of the front of the equipment or load.

B. Center middle—midway from the top and bottom of the center of the 

equipment or load.

C. Center bottom—bottom of the center of the equipment or load; but if 

the equipment is flush with the floor, then at least 3 inches above the 

floor.

D. Rear bottom—bottom of the rear of the equipment or load on the left 

side; but if the equipment is flush with the floor, then at least 3 inches 

above the floor.

6. When the treatment is being conducted in enclosures greater than 4,000 ft3

and less than or equal to 600 ft3

, then use at least 8 temperature recording 

sensors in addition to the sensor on the steam generator. Place sensors in 

hard-to-treat cracks or crevices on the equipment or containers. Position 

sensors in the following locations:

NOTICE

If you cannot meet the temperature and enclosure volume requirements, then do 

not use this treatment. 

Use only a steam generator approved by APHIS.
Procedures

Nonchemical Control

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual 4-1-7

A. Front high—near the top of the left side of the front of the equipment or 

load.

B. Front low—bottom of the right side of the front of the equipment or 

load; but if the equipment is flush with the floor, then at least 3 inches 

above the floor.

C. Center high—near the top of the center of the equipment or load on the 

right side.

D. Center middle—midway from the top and bottom of the center of the 

equipment or load.

E. Center low—bottom of the center of the equipment or load on the left 

side; but if the equipment is flush with the floor, then at least 3 inches 

above the floor.

F. Rear high—near the top of the rear of the equipment on the right side.

G. Rear middle—midway from the top and bottom of the rear of the 

equipment.

H. Rear low—bottom of the rear of the equipment or load on the left side; 

but if the equipment is flush with the floor, then at least 3 inches above 

the floor.

7. Enclose the article to be treated with a tarpaulin or tent.

A. If the equipment or containers will be moved into an enclosure (such as 

a tent), then placing the temperature sensors may be more practical 

after completing this step.

B. If a tarpaulin (6 mil plastic) is used instead of tent, then pad the sharp 

edges of the equipment or containers before covering with the tarp. 

C. The front of the equipment or load and the front of the enclosure should 

face in the same direction. 

8. Place the steam generator at an open end of the enclosure and seal the 

enclosure. 

A. Place the steam generator approximately 20 ft from the front of the 

enclosure and connect the generator to a steam introduction line (hose).

B. Connect the steam introduction line to the steam distribution manifold 

pipe which is situated under the articles to be treated. 

C. Seal the enclosure at the base, including the point at which the 

introduction line enters the enclosure. An airtight seal is not essential 

for steam treatment; and pinholes are acceptable.
Procedures

Chemical Control

4-1-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

9. Steam heat the enclosure for 60 minutes after all temperature sensors reach 

a minimum of 140 °F (60 °C).

10. Record temperatures at least once every 2 minutes throughout the 

treatment.

Refer to the PPQ Treatment Manual for detailed steam heat treatment 

instructions.

Golden Nematode Race 2 (Ro2) Treatment

Special crop rotation procedures are required on land where golden nematode 

Race 2 (Ro2) has been detected. Grower options are very limited because Ro2 

resistant potato varieties are still being developed. The Sante potato variety is 

resistant to both golden nematode Ro1 and Ro2.

Chemical Control

Chemical control procedures are no longer approved for routine program use 

in the State of New York.

NOTICE

The maximum temperature should not exceed 160 °F (71 °C).
07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-1

Appendix

A Appendix A

Forms and Worksheets

Contents

Introduction A-1-2

Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire A-1-3

Purpose A-1-4

Instructions A-1-4

Distribution A-1-5

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet A-1-6

Purpose A-1-6

Instructions A-1-7

Distribution A-1-9

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet A-1-6

Purpose A-1-11

Instructions A-1-11

Distribution A-1-13

Sample Storage Worksheet A-1-14

Purpose A-1-15

Instructions A-1-15

Distribution A-1-15

Weekly Summary Record A-1-16

Purpose A-1-17

Instructions A-1-17

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey A-1-18

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey A-1-18

Purpose A-1-21

Instructions A-1-22

Distribution A-1-24

PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log A-1-25

Purpose A-1-26

Instructions A-1-26

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination A-1-27

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination A-1-27

Purpose A-1-28

Instructions A-1-28

Distribution A-1-29

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement A-1-30

Purpose A-1-34

Instructions A-1-34

Distribution A-1-35
Appendix A

Introduction

A-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit A-1-36

Purpose A-1-37

Instructions A-1-37

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines A-1-38

Purpose A-1-38

Instructions A-1-38

Introduction

The Forms appendix provides examples of the Golden Nematode Program 

logs and worksheets; PPQ forms, certificates, and permits; and instructions for 

completing and distributing the worksheets and forms.
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-3

Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire

Figure A-1-1 Example of Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire 
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire

A-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Purpose

The Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire on page A-1-3 is used to 

document why the survey will take place, how many acres are in the survey, 

and how many samples to expect during the interview with the farmer or 

grower. The form is also for PPQ Officers to keep a record of the entire crop 

production per year, per grower. 

Instructions

Complete the Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire as shown in 

Table A-1-3. The information from the completed questionnaire is then 

transferred to the laboratory. 

Table A-1-1 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Farm Survey 

Questionnaire

Block Instructions

1 COUNTY LIST the name of the county where the land for 

survey is located

2 YEAR LIST the year the survey will be conducted (If a 

confirmation survey, then interview could take 

place in the fall of one year, but the survey 

won’t be conducted until the next year)

3 GROWER LIST the name of the grower or the farm

4 DATE LIST the date the interview is being conducted

5 TOTAL ACRES IN POTATOES LIST the total number of acres planted to potatoes (all varieties)

6 TOTAL ACRES IN RESISTANT 

VARIETY POTATOES

LIST the total number of acres planted to resistant varieties (RV) of potatoes

7 TOTAL ACRES TO SURVEY SUBTRACT the number listed in Block 6 from 

the number listed in Block 5 and ENTER the 

difference in this block

10 SURVEY METHOD PLACE an X in the appropriate block

MECHANICAL If a mechanical survey will be conducted, then 

PLACE an X in this block; otherwise leave 

blank

MANUAL If a manual survey will be conducted, then 

PLACE an X in this block; otherwise leave 

blank

FIELD NO. LIST the field number to be surveyed 

VARIETY LIST the variety of potatoes planted in the field 

to be surveyed. If more than one variety is 

planted, then LIST all varieties
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Farm Survey Questionnaire

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-5

Distribution

Distribute the questionnaire as follows:

1. Give a copy to the farmer/grower?

2. Give a copy to xx.

3. Place the original in xx.
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

A-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

Purpose

The purpose of the Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily 

Worksheet (processing daily sheet) is used by the Laboratory Leader to assign 

beaker numbers to the sample collections; to complete other forms; to 

reconcile samples with a positive or negative determination; and to determine 

Figure A-1-2 Example of Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-7

who made the determination on a particular bag or beaker. 

The sheet is also used by Biological Laboratory Technicians to record the 

beaker numbers assigned on the sheet to the sample bags in each collection 

before processing.

Instructions

Continue to Table A-1-1 on page A-4 to complete the Golden Nematode 

Laboratory Sample Processing Daily sheet.
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

A-1-8 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Table A-1-2 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Sheet

Block Completed by Instructions

BEAKER NO. Laboratory Leader This column is pre-numbered 1-50 on the front side of the sheet and 51-

83 on the back. Beaker numbers 1-83 are used throughout sample processing to track samples 

1. TAKE the Sample Storage Worksheet from the rack room shelf

2. GO to the collection that is ready for sample processing

3. ENTER the collection number in the first blank BEAKER NO. block

COLL. NO. Biological 

Laboratory 

Technician

1. If you have collected and placed all the cysts in a vial, then GO to the 

BEAKER NO. column and LOCATE the sample bag collection number and beaker number 

2. CONFIRM the actual beaker sample you are reading and the sample 

bag collection number listed under BEAKER NO. are the same.

3. ENTER under COLL. NO., the number of cysts collected for identification

BAG NO. Laboratory Leader 1. FIND the sample bag collection number listed in the BEAKER NO. 

block 

2. GO to the Sample Storage Worksheet under COLLECTION to FIND 

the same collection number; and FIND under NO. OF SAMPLE the 

number of samples in the collection 

3. GO to the Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily 

Worksheet sheet in the BEAKER NO. column and LOCATE the 

sample bag collection number

4. GO across the row to the BAG NO. column, ENTER a 1, and continue entering the sample bag numbers until you have listed every 

bag in the collection 

5. If there are more than 83 bags in a collection, then START a new 

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

sheet (place a 2 in upper right corner of sheet) and CONTNUE numbering at BEAKER NO. 1 again

EXAMPLE There are 18 sample bags in 

the collection DEM-02. The 

collection number is listed in 

BEAKER NO. Block 9., List 

sample bag number 1 in the 

BAG NO. block across from 

BEAKER NO. 9, and ENTER 2 

across from BEAKER NO. 10., 

and CONTINUE until you enter 

an 18 under the BAG NO.block 

across from BEAKER NO. 26. 
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-9

Distribution

Distribute the completed Golden Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing 

Daily worksheet as follows:

1. Biological laboratory aide clips each completed sheet beneath the blank 

sheets on the clipboard.

2. Laboratory Leader removes the completed sheets weekly and files in the 

Golden Nematode File Folder in the Work Unit files.
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

A-1-10 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

Figure A-1-3 Example of Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-11

Purpose

The Survey Data Worksheet is used to collect and record information during 

the interview with the grower/farmer prior to conducting the survey.

Instructions

The Survey Data Worksheet is completed by the PPQ Plant Health 

Safeguarding Specialist (PHSS) or designee, PPQ Technician, during the 

presurvey interview with the farmer/grower. The PHSS will review and give 

the worksheet to the Laboratory Leader. The Laboratory Leader will then 

transfer the information into a spreadsheet. Follow the instructions in 

Table A-1-3 to complete the form.

Table A-1-3 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet (page 1 of 2)

Block Instructional

1 COUNTY LIST the name of the county where land to survey is located

2 YEAR LIST the year the survey will be conducted 

3 GROWER LIST the name of the grower or the name of the farm where the 

survey will be conducted

4 DATE LIST the date the interview is being conducted to complete this 

questionnaire

5 TOTAL ACRES IN POTATOES LIST the total number of acres planted to potatoes

6 TOTAL ACRES 

(RESISTANT VARIETIES)

LIST the total number of acres planted to resistant varieties of potatoes
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

A-1-12 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

7 TOTAL ACRES TO SURVEY LIST the total number of acres to survey

Total acres of potatoes - Total acres/resistant varieties = Total acres 

to survey

FIELD NUMBER  If there is a historical record, then OBTAIN the field number 

from the file and LIST the field number (prior to survey/questionnaire interview or before survey) 

 If there is no historical record, then leave blank

NONEXPOSED ACRES LIST the number of acres surveying as non-exposed (to golden 

nematode); if land is not regulated then enter the number of acres 

as non-exposed; if none, then leave blank

EXPOSED ACRES LIST the number of exposed acres; if none leave blank

SEED ACRES If any acreage is planted to seed potatoes, then LIST the number 

of acres; otherwise leave blank

Ro2 ACRES If the land or field had a previous positive find for Ro2 golden nematode, then LIST the total acres; otherwise leave blank

POST RV TREATMENT ACRES If the acreage is planted to resistant variety (RV) potatoes, then 

LIST the number of acres (survey the first year after RV harvest); 

otherwise, leave blank

1ST SUSCEPTIBLE AFTER TREATMENT ACRESIf the acreage is planted is planted to a non-resistant variety the 

first year after resistant variety (RV) treatment 2-3 years previous, 

the LIST the number of acres; otherwise leave blank

MECH 200K If a Mechanical Survey 200K (3 wheels, 4 probes each) is recommended, then PLACE an X in this block; otherwise leave blank

MECH 500K If a Mechanical Survey 500K (2 wheels, 4 probes each) is recommended, then PLACE an X in this block; otherwise leave blank

MAN 4 X 8 If a Manual Survey 4 x 8 block method is recommended, then 

PLACE an X in this block; otherwise leave blank

NOTES LIST any other relevant information

Table A-1-3 Instructions for Completing Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet (page 2 of 2)

Block Instructional

NOTICE

If a grower has acreage elsewhere that is regulated, then 

all the grower’s acreage is counted as exposed acres.

EXAMPLE Field DEM-02 planted 1/3 RV potatoes; 1/3 

susceptible potatoes; 1/3 corn.
Appendix A

Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-13

Distribution

Distribute the completed Golden Nematode Survey Data Worksheet as 

follows:

1. GIVE a copy to the Laboratory Technician.

2. PHSS keeps a copy.

3. Place the original in the Work Unit file under xx.

4. Does the farmer/grower get a copy? xx
Appendix A

Sample Storage Worksheet

A-1-14 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Sample Storage Worksheet

Figure A-1-4 Example of Sample Storage Worksheet
Appendix A

Sample Storage Worksheet

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-15

Purpose

The Sample Storage Worksheet on page A-1-14 is used to record and track 

each collection from the time the sample bags are brought into the Work Unit 

facility, placed onto the shelves, and moved from the rack room to the sample 

wash room for processing.

Instructions

The crew leader completes Sample Storage Worksheet on page A-1-14 upon 

each collection’s arrival at the Work Unit rack room. After all samples in the 

collection listed on the sheet are dried and ready to be moved to the Wash 

Room, then the Laboratory Leader will transfer the information to the Golden 

Nematode Laboratory Sample Processing Daily Worksheet on page A-1-6 and 

draw a line through the collection on the Sample Storage Worksheet on page 

A-1-14. Follow the instructions in Table A-1-4 to complete this worksheet.

Distribution

Distribute the Sample Storage Worksheet as follows:

1. Keep the sheet on the Rack Room clipboard while the samples are drying.

2. After the collections listed on the worksheet have been moved to the Wash 

Room for Processing, then place in the file.

Table A-1-4 Instructions for Completing Sample Storage Worksheet

Block Completed by Instructions

DATE Crew leader LIST the date the collection is placed in the rack 

room

COLLECTION Crew leader LIST the collection number (listed on the top 

row of the sample bag (field number)

NO. OF SAMPLES Crew leader LIST the number of sample bags in the collection (located on the lower left of the bag; number indicated with END

SOIL TYPE Crew leader  If the type of soil in the sample collection is 

mineral, then LIST “Mineral”

 If the type of soil in the sample collection is 

muck, then LIST “Muck”

RACK Crew leader LIST the rack number where the collection is 

stacked in the Rack Room

SHELF NOS. Crew leader LIST the shelf numbers where the collection is 

stacked in the Rack Room

PROCESSED Crew leader As each collection is processed, PLACE an X in 

this block
Appendix A

Weekly Summary Record

A-1-16 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Weekly Summary Record

Figure A-1-5 Example of Weekly Summary Record
Appendix A

Weekly Summary Record

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-17

Purpose

The Weekly Summary Record is used by xx to xx. NEED INFO

Instructions

The Weekly Summary Record is completed by the xx.

Table A-1-5 Instructions for the Weekly Summary Record

Block Instructions

PERIOD LIST the first and last day of the period

METHOD xx

MDN xx

OPERATOR xx

SAMPLES xx

ACRES xx

POSITIVE/NEGATIVE xx

COUNTY xx

DATE xx
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

A-1-18 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

Figure A-1-6 Example of PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey 
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-19

Figure A-1-7 Example of GIS Image of Survey Site (ArcView) 
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

A-1-20 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Figure A-1-8 Hand-Drawn Diagram of Sample Collection Grid
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-21

Purpose

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey, is used to document information 

collected during field surveys for golden nematode. A map of the property 

inspected is placed on the reverse side of the map. The map is important for 

locating and returning to the same field in the event that golden nematode is 

found or further survey is needed.

Figure A-1-9 Example of Hand-Drawn Nursery Survey with Grid
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

A-1-22 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Instructions

The collecting officer or crew leader completes the upper half of the front side 

and the reverse side of PPQ Form 312. Work Unit personnel complete the 

lower half of the front side.

The crew leader completes the remaining information in the field when 

conducting the survey. The PHSS reviews the completed PPQ Form 312.

Prior to going to the survey site, the PHSS or technician will obtain a GIS map 

of the survey site (Google Maps Satellite, and add the GPS reading NW

(latitude/longitude) on the field map. Attach the map to the reverse side of PPQ 

Form 312. 

If a satellite map is not available, then the crew leader will draw a simple 

diagram of the property and indicate NW on the map. This diagram is 

important for locating and returning to the same field in the event golden 

nematode is found or further survey is needed. The rough sketch should 

include enough landmarks, telephone pole numbers, and road names so that the 

field may be easily located. Refer to the Example of GIS Image of Survey Site 

(ArcView) on page A-1-19, and the hand-drawn maps in Figure A-1-8 on page 

A-1-20 and Figure A-1-9 on page A-1-21.

During the actual sample collection, the crew leader uses the map to indicate 

the number of dips taken from first row and last row of each field sampled.

Continue to Table A-1-6 on page A-1-22 and follow the instructions for 

completing the form.

Table A-1-6 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey (page 1 of 2)

Block Completed by Instructions

1 STATE Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

If not preprinted, then LIST the State where the collection was made

2 COUNTY Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the county where the samples were taken

3 DATE OF SURVEY Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the date of the survey. If the survey will be conducted more than one day, then LIST the dates of the 

first through last days)

4 COLLECTION NUMBER Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the collection number

5 FIELD NUMBER Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the field number (SEE the historical files or 

maps in the Work Unit files)

6 LATTITUDE/LONGITUDE 

OF ENTRACE POINT

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the latitude and longitude of entrance to the 

field (GPS coordinates)

7 NAME OF FARM 

OPERATOR

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the name of the farmer or grower where the collection was made
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-23

8 MAILING ADDRESS Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the farm operator’s mailing address

9 FIELD LOCATION Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

WRITE a short narration of the location of the field on 

the property; may also LIST odometer readings for 

mileage directions

10 TYPE OF SURVEY Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

PLACE an X in the appropriate box to indicate the 

type of survey (refer to the information recorded 

under MECH 200K, MECH 500K, or Manual 4 x 8)

11 NO. SAMPLES Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the total number of sample bags taken in the 

collection

12 SURVEY PATTERN Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

PLACE an X in the appropriate survey pattern box 

(8x8, 4x8, 4x4, 2x2)

13 METHOD OF SURVEY Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

PLACE an X in the box to indicate the method of survey taken (Manual or Mechanical (200K) or (500K))

14 NO. ACRES SURVEYED Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the quantity of acres surveyed

15 SOIL TYPE Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the type of soil in the survey (mineral or muck)

16 FIELD STATUS AT TIME 

OF SURVEY

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

PLACE an X in the box to indicate the status of the 

field at the time of survey (plowed, cover crop, other 

(crop name, etc.); if planted to potatoes then LIST 

“Potatoes”

17 NAMES OF 

COLLECTORS

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the names of the crew members collecting the 

samples

18 REMARKS Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST any remarks related to the area survey area

19 DETERMINED BY PPQ Identifier Identifier with official golden nematode identification 

authority completes this block 

POSITIVE SAMPLE 

NUMBER

PPQ Officer or Lab 

Supervisor

NO. OF CYSTS PPQ Officer or Lab 

Supervisor

IDENTIFICATION OF 

SLIDES AND VIALS 

FILED

PPQ Officer or Lab 

Supervisor

POSITIVE SAMPLE NO. PPQ Identifier

NO. OF CYSTS PPQ Identifier

IDENTIFICATION OF 

SLIDES AND VIALS 

FILED

PPQ Identifier

DETERMINED BY PPQ Officer or Lab 

Supervisor

PPQ Officer or Lab Supervisor signs after samples 

have been processed

20 DATE PPQ Officer or Lab 

Supervisor

ENTER date PPQ Officer or Lab Supervisor signed 

the form

Table A-1-6 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey (page 2 of 2)

Block Completed by Instructions
Appendix A

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey

A-1-24 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Distribution

Distribute PPQ Form 312 as follows:

1. File the original in the program folder.

2. If the field is confirmed as infested, then file a copy in the Infested Field 

Folder.

3. Send a copy to the Supervisor
Appendix A

PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-25

PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log

Figure A-1-10 Example of PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log
Appendix A

PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log

A-1-26 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Purpose

PPQ Form 333 is a summary of survey collections made by county during a 

specific period of time. A separate log is maintained weekly for each county in 

which surveys were conducted.

Instructions

The Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log is completed by the crew leader or the 

tractor driver. For each county, gather the completed Golden Nematode 

Laboratory Sample Processing Daily sheets for the specified time period and 

the completed PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey sheets for the 

specified time period, and refer to Table A-1-7 to complete the Cyst Nematode 

Field Survey Log. 

Table A-1-7 Instructions for Completing Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log

Block Completed by Instructions

County Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

REER to PPQ Form 312 and LIST the 

county where the surveys have been 

conducted

State Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

REFER to PPQ Form 312 and LIST the 

State where the survey have been conducted

Period Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the begin and end dates covered on 

the log

Inspector Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the name of the PPQ inspector

Collection Number Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the collection number from each 

PPQ Form 312

Collection Date Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the date each collection was made

Operator Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST the name of the tractor operator (if 

mechanical survey) or the name of the 

person(s) conducting the manual survey

Field number Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

LIST each field number in the survey

Mechanical 

Samples/Acres

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

If a mechanical survey, then LIST the 

number of samples collected and acres 

sampled from each field number for each 

collection; otherwise leave blank

Manual 

Samples/Acres

Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

If a manual survey, then LIST the number 

of samples collected and acres sampled 

from each field number for each collection; otherwise leave blank

TOTAL Crew Leader or 

Tractor Driver

ADD the number of samples collected 

and LIST the total; and ADD the acres 

surveyed for all the collections, and LIST 

the total 
Appendix A

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-27

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

Figure A-1-11 Example of PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination
Appendix A

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

A-1-28 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Purpose

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination on page A-1-27, is used to 

submit along with collections the from golden nematode survey for 

identification.

In addition to the Golden Nematode Program, PPQ Form 391 is also used for 

other domestic collections (other special survey programs, export certification, 

local and individual collections, and warehouse inspections).

Instructions

Follow the instructions in Table A-1-8 to complete PPQ Form 391.

Table A-1-8 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination (page 1 of 2)

Block Instructions

1 COLLECTION NUMBER 1. ASSIGN a collection number for each collection as follows: 

last 2 digits of the current year-collector’s initials’-3-digit number, starting with -001

2. CONTINUE consecutive numbering for each subsequent collection

3. ENTER the collection number

2 DATE ENTER the date of the collection

3 SUBMITTING AGENCY PLACE an X in the PPQ block

4 NAME OF SENDER LIST the sender’s or collector’s name

5 TYPE OF PROPERTY LIST the type of property where the specimen was collected 

(farm, feed mill, nursery, etc.)

6 ADDRESS OF SENDER List the sender’s or collector’s address

7 NAME AND ADDRESS OF PROPERTY 

OR OWNER

List the name and address of the property where the specimen 

was collected

8A-8H REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION PLACE X in the SURVEY block

9 IF PROMPT OR URGENT IDENTIFICATION IS REQUESTED, PLEASE PROVIDE A BRIEF EXPLANATION UNDER 

"REMARKS"

LEAVE blank; ENTER remarks in Block 22

10 HOST INFORMATION NAME OF HOST If known, ENTER the scientific name of the host

11 QUANTITY OF HOST If applicable, ENTER the number of acres planted with the host

12 PLANT DISTRIBUTION PLACE an X in the applicable box

13 PLANT PARTS AFFECTED LEAVE blank

14 PEST DISTRIBUTION FEW/COMMON/

ABUNDANT/EXTREME

PLACE an X in the appropriate block

EXAMPLE In 2007, Samuel A. Jones collected his first 

specimen for determination of the year. His 

first collection number is 07-SAJ-001.
Appendix A

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-29

Distribution

Distribute PPQ Form 391 as follows:

1. Retain Part 1 at the Work Unit file.

2. Send Parts 2, 3, 4, and 5 to the official golden nematode identifier.

3. Place a Part 6 in the program file.

4. If confirmed as a non-infested field (negative survey), then file Part 2 in the 

county file folder. If the field is numbered with a Roman numeral, file in 

the field folder (i.e., Upstate NY).

5. If confirmed as an infested field (positive survey), then attach PPQ Form 

391 to PPQ Form 312, and file in the infested field folder.

15 INSECTS/NEMATODES/MOLLUSKS PLACE an X in the NEMOTODES box to indicate type of specimen

NUMBER SUBMITTED ENTER the number of specimens submitted as ALIVE or DEAD 

under the appropriate stage (i.e., CYSTS) 

16 SAMPLING METHOD LIST “Soil sample”

17 TYPE OF TRAP AND LURE LIST “Samples”

18 TRAP NUMBER LIST the soil sample numbers

19 PLANT PATHOLOGY-PLANT SYMPTOMSIf applicable, check appropriate box; otherwise LEAVE blank

20 WEED DENSITY LEAVE blank; not applicable

21 WEED GROWTH STAGE LEAVE blank; not applicable

22 REMARKS If PROMPT or URGENT identification is required, indicate and 

give a brief explanation

23 TENTATIVE DETERMINATION LIST the quantity of suspected golden cysts being sent; and DET: 

[initials and last name] for tentative determination

24 DETERMINATION AND NOTES (Not for 

Field Use)

LEAVE blank; will be completed by the official identifier

Table A-1-8 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination (page 2 of 2)

Block Instructions
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

A-1-30 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

Figure A-1-12 Example of PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement (page 1 of 4)
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-31

Figure A-1-13 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement for Potato Growers (page 2 of 4)
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

A-1-32 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Figure A-1-14 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement (page 3 of 4)
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-33

Figure A-1-15 Example of Attachment to Compliance Agreement (page 4 of 4) 
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

A-1-34 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Purpose

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement, is completed by the PPQ Office/Plant 

Health Safeguarding Specialist for the area of coverage. 

Instructions

Complete PPQ Form 519 as shown in Table A-1-9.

Table A-1-9 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

Block Instructions

1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERSON 

OR FIRM

LIST the name and address of the person or firm with whom 

the agreement is made

2 LOCATION LIST the location of the land 

3 REGULATED ARTICLES LIST the name of the regulated article 

4 APPLICABLE FEDERAL 

QUARANTINE(S) OR REGULATIONS

LIST “Golden Nematode 7CFR§301.85”

5 I/we agree to the following LIST the terms of the agreement

6 SIGNATURE Person authorizing agreement SIGNS

7 TITLE LIST your title

8 DATE SIGNED LIST the date signed

9 AGREEMENT NO. LIST the agreement number

10 DATE OF AGREEMENT LIST the date the agreement is signed

11 PPQ/CBP OFFICIAL LIST the name and title of the PPQ Official authorized to execute the agreement

12 ADDRESS If the agreement is made in with the USDA in New York, then 

ENTER the following information:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, APHIS

Plant Protection and Quarantine

8237 Kanona Road

Avoca, NY 14809

607/566-2212

13 SIGNATURE PPQ Official SIGNS 

14 U.S. GOVERNMENT/STATE AGENCY 

OFFICIAL 

LIST the name and title of the agency official entering the 

agreement

15 ADDRESS 1. ENTER the address of the State agency

2. For the State of New York, the agency is: 

New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets

Division of Plant Industry

PO Box 57

Little Valley, NY 14755

16 SIGNATURE State agency official SIGNS

EXAMPLE Soil samples for analysis.
Appendix A

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-35

Distribution

Distribute PPQ Form 519 and attachments, as follows:

1. Give a copy to person signing the agreement.

2. Send a copy to the State Official.

3. Place the original in the PPQ County file Compliance Agreements folder.
Appendix A

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

A-1-36 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

Figure A-1-16 Example of PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit (blank)
Appendix A

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual A-1-37

Purpose

PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit, is issued or authorized to be issued by a 

inspector to allow the interstate movement of noncertifiable regulated articles 

to a specified approved destination for limited handling, utilization, 

processing, or treatment. 

Instructions

Refer to Special Procedures on page 3-1-4. Complete PPQ Form 530 as shown 

in Table A-1-10 below.

NOTICE

Movement of noncertified regulated articles must be approved by the appropriate 

State Regulatory Official in the applicable State and/or the PPQ Deputy Administrator or designee.

Table A-1-10 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 530, Limited Permit

Block Instructions

1 DATE ISSUED

2 VOID AFTER

3 NAME OF CONSIGNOR

4 SHIPPING POINT

5 NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONSIGNEE

6 VEHICLE LICENSE NO. & STATE

7 R.R. CAR INITIALS & NO.

8 DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY A

QUANTITY B

QUANTITY C

9 SIGNATURE OF ISSUING INSPECTOR

10 DATE RECEIVED

11 SIGNATURE OF DESIGNATION 

INSPECTOR
Appendix A

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines

A-1-38 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines

Purpose

PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines, is used by 

the Golden Nematode Program to certify that the regulated articles (listed on 

the form) are certified free from golden nematode only. This permit is issued 

by xx.

Instructions

Complete PPQ Form 540 as shown in Table A-1-11. 

Need current 540 certificate

Figure A-1-17 Example of PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic Quarantines

Table A-1-11 Instructions for Completing PPQ Form 540, Certificate of Federal/State Domestic 

Quarantines

Block Instructions

1 DATE ISSUED xx Need instructions

2 VOID AFTER

3 NAME OF CONSIGNOR

4 SHIPPING POINT

5 NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONSIGNEE

6 VEHICLE LICENSE NO. & STATE

7 R.R. CAR INITIALS & NO.

8 DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY A

QUANTITY B

QUANTITY C

9 SIGNATURE OF INSPECTING OFFICER
07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual B-1-1

Appendix

B Appendix B

Emergency Aid and Safety

Contents

Introduction B-1-1

Fumigant Safety Precautions B-1-1

Safety Procedures B-1-1

Guidelines for Using Fumigants Safety B-1-2

Emergency Action B-1-4

Self (You) B-1-4

Co-worker B-1-4

First Aid Rescue Breathing B-1-5

Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning and Emergency Aid and Medical Treatment 

for Some Fumigants Used by APHIS B-1-6

Introduction

The Emergency Aid and Safety appendix covers emergency precautions, aid, 

and safety for some fumigants. The information in this appendix is from the 

USDA–APHIS–PPQ Treatment Manual.

Fumigant Safety Precautions

Fumigants are generally toxic when inhaled or spilled on skin or clothing. 

You carefully must read the label of each product used in the treatment of 

golden nematode before using the product. Review Fumigant Monitoring 

before applying any pesticide. 

If an accident should occur, then immediately follow and implement the First 

Aid measures listed on the label of the pesticide being used.

Safety Procedures

Follow specific precautions listed on the label of each fumigant to be used. 

Hazards of each fumigant vary with the following:

Dosage rate and concentration

Enclosure size

Enclosure tightness
Appendix B

Fumigant Safety Precautions

B-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Physical condition of employee (allergies, heart condition, respiratory 

ailments, etc.)

Relative toxicity of each fumigant 

Guidelines for Using Fumigants Safety

Review and follow the guidelines below:

1. Know the characteristics of the fumigants you are working with.

2. Have the proper equipment to carry out the fumigation.

3. Be familiar with the emergency aid that would be required should and 

accident occur.

4. If there is any chance of exposure to highly-toxic fumigants, then wear 

protective equipment as follows:

Face shield or respirator should be used when liquids are being 

transferred and there is a possibility of splattering

Gloves should be impermeable to the liquid fumigant being used

Rubber aprons should be long enough to prevent legs from being 

exposed

5. Dispensers for measuring the amount of fumigant should have shatterproof shields.

6. The area surrounding the fumigation enclosure should be well-aerated. 

Operators should be located upwind from treatment.

7. If necessary to stay in the treatment area, then the air should be monitored 

to determine whether harmful levels of fumigant are present.

8. Under no circumstance should an inspector be exposed to concentrations 

above minimum safe standards.

9. A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is required at all fumigation 

sites and should always be readily available in case an emergency 

develops. 

A. You must have a medical evaluation and clearance to use SCBA 

equipment. The evaluation must be performed by a physician or 

licensed health care professional. 

B. You must follow OSHA standards for respirator use (refer to APHIS 

Health and Safety Manual, Chapter 11, Section 3).

10. Use of SCBA respirators are mandatory for all PPQ Officers who are 

within 30 feet of tarpaulin fumigation or when TLV is exceeded (5 ppm for 

methyl bromide). 
Appendix B

Fumigant Safety Precautions

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual B-1-3

11. If warranted by supervisor’s consultation with local medical authorities, 

then persons working regularly with toxic fumigants should have blood 

tests and physical examinations.

12. A first-aid kit equipped with the proper materials should be readily 

available at the treatment site.

13. Telephone numbers of local hospitals, doctors, and poison control centers 

should be prominently displayed.

14. Learn to recognize the signs and symptoms of fumigant poisoning. 

Training should be given to each inspector.

15. Supervisors should be aware of the signs of fatigue. The risk of accidents 

increases in tired employees.

16. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or carry tobacco in areas where fumigants are 

being used.

Table B-1-1 Fumigant Monitoring via Route of Entry, Monitoring Device, and Exposure Source

Fumigant Route of Entry Detector Unit or 

Monitoring Device Source of Exposure

Chloropicrin Inhalation None  Application of liquid

 Leakage from enclosure

 Aeration

Methyl bromide Inhalation; skin  Gas detector tubes

 Halide detector

 T/C unit

 Cylinder connection

 Leaks in tarpaulin, applicators, aeration

Phosphine (from 

aluminum phosphide

Inhalation Gas detector tubes  Application of pellets

 Leakage from enclosure

 Aeration

Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane) Inhalation T/C Unit  Applicator and cylinder 

connections

 Leakage from enclosure

 Aeration
Appendix B

Emergency Action

B-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Emergency Action

Self (You) 

If you are exposed to a fumigant, then immediately move away from the 

contaminated area. Notify your coworkers of the danger and that you have 

been exposed. Onset symptoms may be delayed with some fumigant. Notify 

your supervisor promptly of the details.

If liquid fumigants have spilled on your skin or clothing, then immediately 

remove the contaminated clothing and gently wash your skin with large 

quantities of soap and water. Do not use abrasive cloths or brushes. Be sure to 

clean the area under your fingernails and toenails with soap and water. You 

may also rinse contaminated skin with rubbing alcohol.

Contaminated Clothing

After you have removed your contaminated clothing, be sure not to use or wear 

the clothing again until the clothing has been thoroughly aired, washed, and 

dried. Properly dispose of any clothing that has been damaged by the fumigant. 

Co-worker 

If chemical intoxication due to exposure is suspected at any time, then do as 

follows:

1. Immediately move the victim out of the exposed area and into fresh air. 

2. If there is evidence of respiratory weakness, then given artificial 

respiration. Oxygen can be beneficial. Artificial respiration, when needed, 

takes precedence over all other first aid (refer to First Aid Rescue 

Breathing). 

3. If symptoms suggest immediate care is needed, then call a physician.

4. Keep the patient warm, comfortable, and quiet as possible.

5. If convulsions occur, then use gentle restraint to prevent injury.

! DANGER

Dangerous vapors will be produced by the liquid fumigant during evaporation from 

skin and clothing.

! CAUTION

Do not enter a contaminated area without a proper respirator, even to effect rescue.
Appendix B

First Aid Rescue Breathing

07/2008-01 Golden Nematode Program Manual B-1-5

First Aid Rescue Breathing

If you believe a person has stopped breathing, give First Aid rescue breathing 

immediately. Ask someone else to get medical help.

1. Is the person breathing?

To find out, place the person on his/her back and put your ear close to his/her mouth.If the person is breathing you will 

see his/her breath, and see his/her chest rise and fall. If the person is not breathing, then continue to 2., Open the airway.

2. Open the airway.

If the person has stopped breathing, then lift up his/her neck with one hand and push down on the person’s forehead 

with the other hand. This opens the airway and the person may start to breathe. If the person doesn’t breathe, then 

begin rescue breathing at once.

3. Start rescue breathing.

Keep one hand under the person’s neck so that his/her chin is tilted backward and the chin is up. Pinch the nostrils shut 

using the fingers of your other hand. Take a deep breath and cover the person’s mouth completely with your own. Blow 

air into his/her mouth. When the person’s chest moves up, move your mouth away and let the person’s chest go down 

by itself. Repeat this procedure every 5 seconds. Do not stop until the person starts breathing or medical help arrives.

Figure B-1-1 First Aid Rescue Breathing
Appendix B

Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning and Emergency Aid and Medical Treatment for Some Fumigants Used by APHIS

B-1-6 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2008-01

Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning and Emergency Aid and Medical 

Treatment for Some Fumigants Used by APHIS

Table B-1-2 Signs and Symptoms of Fumigant Poisoning and Emergency Aid and Medical Treatment

Fumigant Signs and Symptoms Emergency Aid Medical Treatment

Chloropicrin  Powerful irritant that affects 

all body surfaces

 Lacrimation, vomiting, 

bronchitis, pulmonary 

edema

 Inhalation causes anemia, 

weak and irregular heartbeat, recurrent asthmatic 

attacks

 Artificial respiration

 Oxygen if available

Symptomatic—oxygen

Sample analysis might be 

helpful in diagnosis and 

prognosis

Methyl Bromide  Central nervous system

depression

 Nausea, fever, pulmonary 

edema

 Confusion, delirium, mania, 

staggering, tremors, visual 

disturbances

 Abdominal pain, convulsions, coma

 Onset may be delayed 

4-12 hours

 On skin, severe irritation, 

blisters, dermatitis

 Artificial respiration 

 Oxygen if available

 Do not use mechanical resuscitation

 If fumigant contacts 

skin, wash 15 minutes 

with large amounts of 

water

 If fumigant contacts 

clothing, vapors may 

be released in toxic 

quantities

Symptomatic—artificial 

respiration

Analysis of breath and 

blood may help in diagnosis 

and prognosis

For nausea accompanied 

by vomiting, give intravenous glucose-bearing vehicles

Phosphine (from 

aluminum phosphide)

 2,000 ppm in air is rapidly 

fatal; death may be delayed 

several days

 Chest pain, headache, 

dyspnea, restlessness, 

vomiting

 Convulsions, coma, paralysis

 Low blood pressure, slow 

heart rate

 Artificial respiration 

 Oxygen if available

Symptomatic—oxygen

Control convulsions with 

sedatives

Restore fluid balance with 

glucose and saline

Sulfuryl Fluoride Central nervous system depression; excitation may follow Place patient in fresh 

air, face downward, 

with head slightly 

below level of lungs, 

and keep the water 

warm

 If breathing stops, give 

artificial respiration

First symptoms expected 

are those of respiratory irritation and central nervous 

system depression—treat 

symptomatically
07/2007 Golden Nematode Program Manual Glossary-1-1

Golden 

Nematode 

Glossary

Use this Glossary to find the meaning of specialized words, abbreviations, 

acronyms, and terms used in the Golden Nematode Program. To locate where 

in the manual a given definition, term, or abbreviation is mentioned, refer to 

Index.

Definitions, Terms, and Abbreviations

certificate. a document issued or authorized to be issued.by an inspector to 

allow the interstate movement of regulated articles to any destination

compliance agreement. a written agreement between a person engaged in 

growing, handling, or moving regulated articles, and the Plant Protection 

Programs, wherein the former agrees to comply with the requirements of this 

subpart identified in the agreement by the inspector who executes the 

agreement on behalf of the Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs as 

applicable to the operations of such person

exposure period. time required for the soil to become free of fumigant. The 

duration of the exposure period is influenced by both temperature and soil 

moisture. The higher the temperature, the shorter the fumigation time. The 

cooler the temperature, the longer the fumigation time

delimiting survey. survey conducted to establish the boundaries of golden 

nematode infestation in a field or property

detection survey. survey conducted to determine whether a field or land is 

infested with golden nematode

farm tools. an instrument worked or used by hand (such as hoes, rakes, 

shovels, axes, hammers, and saws)

fluming. an old cleaning process where potatoes are run down a flume to 

remove soil from the potatoes without the use of water. Not commonly used 

today, but still an option for growers to use

generally infested area. any part of a regulated area not designated as a 

suppressive area in accordance with 7 CFR 301.85.2
Glossary

Definitions, Terms, and Abbreviations

Glossary-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2007

golden nematode. the nematode known as the golden nematode (Globodera 

rostochiensis), in any stage of development

infestation. the existence of golden nematode or the existence of 

circumstances that make it reasonable to believe that the golden nematode is 

present

inspector. any employee of the Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, 

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

or other person, authorized by the Deputy Administrator to enforce the 

provisions of the Quarantine and regulations

interstate. movement from any State into or through any other State

limited permit. a document issued or authorized to be issued by an inspector 

to allow the interstate movement of noncertifiable regulated articles to a 

specified destination for limited handling, utilization, or processing for 

treatment

mechanized cultivating equipment. mechanized equipment used for soil 

tillage, including tillage attachments for farm tractors (disks, plows, harrows, 

planters, and subsoilers)

mechanized harvesting equipment. mechanized equipment used for 

harvesting purposes (combines, potato conveyors, harvesters, and hay balers)

mechanized soil-moving equipment. equipment used for moving or 

transporting soil (draglines, bulldozers, dump trucks, road scrapers, etc.)

mineral soil. soil consisting primarily of mineral (such as sand, silt, and clay) 

material

monoculture. a single crop planted on a farm or in a region or county

moved, movement, move. shipped, deposited for transmission in the mail, 

otherwise offered for shipment, received for transportation, carried, or 

otherwise transported, or moved, or allowed to be moved, by mail or otherwise

muck soil. soil consisting primarily of organic matter

person. any individual, corporation, company, society, association, or other 

organized group of any of the foregoing
Glossary

Definitions, Terms, and Abbreviations

07/2007 Golden Nematode Program Manual Glossary-1-3

regulated area. any quarantined State or any portion thereof, listed as a 

regulated area in 7 CFR 301.85-2(a) or otherwise designated as a regulated 

area in accordance with 7 CFR 301.85-2(b)

regulated article. any article described as regulated in 7 CFR 301.85

resistant variety treatment. planting a golden nematode resistant variety of 

potatoes which controls the golden nematode population in the same manner as 

a chemical treatment. Although the nematode is caused to hatch by the 

resistant potato plants, the nematode is unable to survive

restricted destination permit. a document issued or authorized to be issued 

by an inspector to allow the interstate movement of regulated articles not

certifiable under all applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines to a 

specified destination for other than scientific purposes

Ro1. Race 1; the traditional golden nematode strain

Ro2. Race 2; new golden nematode biotype

sample. in the Golden Nematode Program, a small portion of soil (mineral or 

muck in New York) that is collected for processing

scientific permit. a document issued by the Deputy Administrator to allow the 

interstate movement to a specified destination of regulated articles for 

scientific purposes

soil. that part of the upper layer of earth in which plants can grow

State. any State, territory, or district of the United States, including Puerto 

Rico

suppressive area. that portion of a regulated area where eradication of 

infestation is undertaken as an objective as designated under 7CFR §301.85-

2(a)

T/C Unit (thermal conductivity). device used to measure gas concentration 

levels in tarpaulins and chambers

tier. length of an edge of the field in a straight line
Glossary

Definitions, Terms, and Abbreviations

Glossary-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2007
07/2007 Golden Nematode Program Manual Index-1-1

Golden 

Nematode

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Index

A

agricultural land

category 3 3-1-25

aluminum phosphide B-1-3

articles 3-1-2

B

bags

labeling example 2-2-14

labeling instructions 2-2-13

new 3-1-15

beets, sugar 3-1-20

bench soil 3-1-21

biometrics survey 2-3-11

boxcars 3-1-15

boxes, used 3-1-3

bulbs 3-1-3, 3-1-20

bulk soil 3-1-21

burlap

bags 3-1-3

containers 3-1-16

C

Canada 3-1-4

carriers 2-2-16

category 1 non-agricultural land 3-1-25

category 2 non-agricultural land 3-1-25

certificates

determine if required 3-1-6

regulated articles 3-1-2

certification period 3-1-18, 3-1-24

chemicals

exudates 2-1-4

chloropicrin B-1-3

cleaning

clothing and equipment 2-2-16

confirmatory surveys 2-2-17

other surveys 2-2-17

cloth containers 3-1-15

commercial potato fields 2-2-16

compliance agreements 3-1-24

compost

regulated article 3-1-2

confirmation survey 2-3-9

consumer packages 3-1-15

containers

approved 3-1-15

movement of used 3-1-15

regulated 3-1-16

contaminated clothing B-1-4

control 3-1-19, 4-1-2

control mechanism

primary authorized 4-1-2

cooperative agreements 2-1-2

cooperators 2-1-2

corms 3-1-20

corn

ear with shucks 3-1-19

unshucked ears 3-1-2

Cornell University 2-1-2

corns 3-1-20

crates 3-1-3, 3-1-15

crop rotation system 4-1-4

crops

management sequence 4-1-4

cyst nematode field survey log

instructions A-1-23, A-1-27

cysts 2-1-4, 2-1-5, 2-3-9

D

Delimiting 2-3-3

delimiting 2-2-4, 2-3-3

detection 2-2-4, 2-3-3

detection surveys

outside New York State 2-3-12

diagram

example A-1-21

inspected property A-1-22

dry heat fumigation 3-1-22

duties 2-2-5

E

ear corn 3-1-19

eggplants 2-1-3, 3-1-22, 3-1-23

eggs 2-1-4

eligibility

movement 3-1-20

survey 2-3-11

emergency

action B-1-4

aid B-1-1, B-1-6

equipment

mechanized soil moving 3-1-23

regulated 3-1-16

establishments 3-1-23

exceptions 3-1-2

export shipment 3-1-15

exposed land 2-2-2

F

fallow fields 3-1-26

farm

equipment movement 3-1-23

product containers 3-1-3

tools 3-1-3

farmer 4-1-4

female larvae 2-1-4

female nematode 2-1-4

field

soil sampling 2-3-3

first aid rescue breathing B-1-5

forage crops 3-1-26

fumigant

monitoring B-1-3

safety precautions B-1-1

fumigation

dry heat 3-1-22

G

Globodera rostochiensis (golden nematode) 2-1-1, 2-1-2

Golden Nematode Quarantine 7CFR§301.85 1-1-3

golf courses 3-1-25

grader stations 3-1-24

grader survey 2-2-4

grain

fields 3-1-26

small 3-1-3

grass sod 3-1-2

greenhouse 3-1-23

grid pattern 2-3-4

growers 2-2-4, 2-3-2

guidelines
Index 

Index-1-2 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2007

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

fumigant safety B-1-1

H

harvest 2-3-7

equipment 3-1-3

hay

movement in approved containers 3-1-19

highways 3-1-25

home gardens 3-1-25

hosts 2-1-3, 3-1-23

I

industrial areas 3-1-25

infestation

areas 2-3-8

property restrictions 4-1-4

signs 2-1-6

symptoms 2-3-12

viable 2-3-9

inspection

grader station 3-1-24

inspector

approved containers 3-1-15

duties 2-3-3

Irish potatoes 3-1-3

L

labeling, bag 2-2-14

laboratories

soil samples 3-1-2

land

category 3 non-agricultural 3-1-25

guidelines for releasing from regulation 3-1-25

non-agricultural 3-1-25

release from exposed status 2-3-11

larvae 2-1-4

limitations 3-1-21

list 4-1-3

litter, plant 3-1-2

M

mandatory surveys 2-3-10

manual samplers 2-3-2

manuals

ordering 1-1-8

manure, decomposed 3-1-2

maps 2-4-24

mechanical

(wheel) soil sampling 2-3-7

cultivating equipment 3-1-3

equipment 3-1-4

soil moving equipment 3-1-23

soil sampling equipment 2-2-16

methyl bromide 3-1-18, B-1-2

fumigant monitoring B-1-3

fumigation at NAP, chamber, or tarpaulin 3-1-

24

Mexico 3-1-4

modified 8-by-8 block method 2-3-6

monitoring fumigant B-1-3

movement

potatoes under limited permit (except seed potatoes) 3-1-19

regulated articles 3-1-17

soil to approved laboratory 3-1-22

soil to approved non-agricultural areas 3-1-21

muck

regulated article 3-1-2

N

negative

confirmed 3-1-17

survey 2-3-11

viability survey 4-1-4

New York

guidelines for survey 2-3-2

infestation locations 2-1-3

New York Certified Seed Potato Improvement Cooperative 2-1-2

New York Department of Agriculture and Markets

2-1-2

agreement with 4-1-4

non-agricultural areas 3-1-21

non-agricultural land 3-1-25

non-chemical control 4-1-2

nurseries 3-1-26

nursery survey 2-3-9

O

offshore states 3-1-4

original field folder 2-4-24

ornamental plants

regulated article 3-1-3

tubers 3-1-20

P

pallet boxes 3-1-15

peat 3-1-2

peripheral survey 2-3-9

permit

determine if required 3-1-6

regulated articles 3-1-2

pest management program 4-1-4

pesticides

authorized 3-1-18

phosphine B-1-3

plant

crowns 3-1-3

damage 2-1-5

litter 3-1-2, 3-1-19

plants

ornamental 3-1-3

with roots 3-1-12, 3-1-20

poisoning signs and symptoms B-1-6

positive find 2-3-9

possessions, United States 3-1-4

post resistant-variety treatment survey 2-3-10

post-crop survey 2-3-10

potatoes

from noninfested fields 3-1-20

production areas 2-3-12

resistant varieties 4-1-2

potting soil

movement 3-1-21

steam fumigation 3-1-22

PPQ Form 312, Golden Nematode Survey 2-4-24, A-1-19

example A-1-19

instructions A-1-23

PPQ Form 333, Cyst Nematode Field Survey Log
Index 

07/2007 Golden Nematode Program Manual Index-1-3

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

A-1-26

PPQ Form 391, Specimens for Determination

distribution A-1-31

field folder 2-4-24

PPQ Form 519, Compliance Agreement A-1-32

example A-1-32

instructions A-1-36

purpose A-1-36

PPQ Officers 3-1-17

probes 2-3-7

problems, how to report 1-1-8

property 4-1-4

R

race

Ro1 2-1-3, 4-1-3, Glossary-1-3

Ro2 3-1-2, 4-1-8

racetracks 3-1-25

record of infestation folder 2-4-24

records

bag labeling 2-3-12

recreational land 3-1-25

regulated articles 3-1-2, 3-1-17

regulated land 2-2-19

regulation 3-1-25

residential areas 3-1-25

resistant varieties 2-3-10, 3-1-19, 4-1-2, 4-1-3

rested field survey 2-3-11

restrictions 4-1-4

rhizomes 3-1-3, 3-1-20

riding academies 3-1-25

Ro1 4-1-3

Ro2

definition Glossary-1-3

resistant potato variety 4-1-3

treatment 4-1-8

root crops 3-1-3, 3-1-20

roots 3-1-3

routine soil survey 2-3-2

S

safety B-1-1

sample bags 2-3-4

sampling

8 x 8 block method 2-3-4

simplified 8 x 8 block method 2-3-5

sanitation 2-2-16, 3-1-17

seed potato fields 2-2-17

selected area soil sampling 2-3-8

selection guide 2-3-8

shipment, offshore 3-1-4

shippers 3-1-17

sketch A-1-23

small grains 3-1-3, 3-1-21

sod 3-1-2, 3-1-20

farms 3-1-26

soil

dry heat fumigation 3-1-22

limitations for fumigation 3-1-21

movement to approved laboratory 3-1-22

movement to approved non-agricultural areas

3-1-21

regulated samples 3-1-2

removing compacted 3-1-24

sample movement 3-1-24

sampling mechanical (wheel) 2-3-7

selected area sampling 2-3-8

selection guide 2-3-8

surveys 2-3-2

temperature 2-1-4

soil-free medium 3-1-23

soybeans

other than for seed 3-1-21

regulated article 3-1-3

special procedures 3-1-4

state cooperators 2-1-2

state regulations 4-1-2

steam cleaning 2-2-12

steam fumigation 3-1-22

steam heat treatment 4-1-2

straw 3-1-2, 3-1-19

sugar beets 3-1-20

sulfuryl fluoride B-1-3

surveillance survey 2-3-11

surveys 4-1-2

biometrics 2-3-11

confirmation 2-3-9

mandatory 2-3-10

negative 2-3-10

nursery 2-3-9

outside New York State 2-3-12

outside regulated areas 2-3-11

peripheral 2-3-9

post crop 2-3-10

post resistant variety 2-3-10

release land from exposed status 2-3-11

rested field 2-3-11

routine soil 2-3-2

surveillance 2-3-11

suspect area 2-3-11

symptom 2-3-12

suspect area survey 2-3-12

symptom survey 2-3-12

systematic

manual soil sampling 2-3-3

use 4-1-2

T

territories 3-1-4

tomatoes 2-1-2, 3-1-20

product areas 3-1-20

transplants 3-1-22

transplants 3-1-22

treatments

Irish potatoes (except seed potatoes) 3-1-18

trucks 3-1-15, 3-1-26

tubers 3-1-3

U

USDA-ARS 2-1-2

V

vehicles 2-2-16

viability survey 4-1-4

viable cyst 2-3-9

Vikane B-1-3

W

water-under-pressure (pressure wash) 3-1-24
Index 

Index-1-4 Golden Nematode Program Manual 07/2007

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z