IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

Assigned on Briefs June 5, 2007

GLEN COOK v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County

No. P-23297 W. Fred Axley, Judge

No. W2006-01514-CCA-R3-PC - Filed March 27, 2008

The petitioner, Glen Cook, appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief and argues that

he received ineffective assistance of counsel and that he was sentenced improperly. Specifically, he

argues that counsel failed to interview witnesses, never discussed trial strategy with the petitioner,

and failed to file proper motions. After careful review, we affirm the judgment from the postconviction court. 

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS,J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. GLENN and J.C.

MCLIN, JJ., joined.

Larry E. Copeland, Jr., Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Glen Cook.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Assistant Attorney General;

William L. Gibbons, District Attorney General; and Tracye N. Jones, Assistant District Attorney

General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

The petitioner and his twin brother were convicted of multiple offenses after a jury trial.

Both brothers appealed their convictions, but this post-conviction appeal pertains to only Glen Cook.

The facts underlying the petitioner’s conviction were summarized by this court on direct appeal as

follows:

The record reflects that the defendants are identical twins. Christopher

Funches testified that on April 14, 1996, he went to a party at Lake Point Apartments

with his sister, Marti Funches, and Marti’s fiancé, Tony Garrett. He said that as they

left the party at about 2:00 a.m. and were walking down the steps, the defendants

approached them. He said Mr. Garrett was in front of him and Ms. Funches, and one

of the defendants struck Mr. Garrett in the face. He said Ms. Funches began
 Although the victims were not able to identify the defendants individually by name, much of their testimony

1

distinguishes between the two based upon which weapon the defendant was carrying. For purposes of this opinion, the

defendant carrying the revolver will be referred to as Defendant One, and the defendant carrying the rifle, shotgun or

pipe will be referred to as Defendant Two.

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screaming, and he tried to calm her down. He said that one defendant had a revolver,

and the other had a rifle or a shotgun.1

Mr. Funches testified that Defendant Two approached Mr. Garrett and

threatened him. He said that Defendant One robbed Mr. Garrett and told him to get

into Mr. Garrett’s car. He stated that the defendants took Ms. Funches’s jewelry, and

they reached into Mr. Garrett’s pockets and might have taken something. He testified

that the defendants did not attempt to rob him but asked him if he had a pistol, which

he did not. He said the defendants did not pat him down or search him. He said the

defendants then forced the three of them into Mr. Garrett’s car by pointing a pistol

at them. He stated that he and Ms. Funches were in the backseat, Mr. Garrett was in

the driver’s seat, and Defendant One was in the front passenger seat. He said that

Defendant Two followed them in another car. He said that in Mr. Garrett’s car,

Defendant One threatened to shoot Mr. Garrett. He said that he pleaded with

Defendant One not to shoot Mr. Garrett because he and Ms. Funches were engaged.

He testified that Defendant One said that if they told anyone of the incident, Ms.

Funches would be a widow.

Mr. Funches testified that Defendant One forced Mr. Garrett to drive to the

apartment Mr. Garrett and Ms. Funches shared at Perkins Woods. He said that when

they arrived, Defendant One forced Mr. Garrett out of the car and into the apartment

at gunpoint. He said that Defendant Two, who had a rifle, stayed with him and Ms.

Funches at the car. He said that about ten to fifteen minutes later, Defendant One and

Mr. Garrett came outside. He said that one of the defendants reached into Mr.

Garrett's pocket and took some money. He said the defendants demanded money

from Ms. Funches, but she did not have any. He said the defendants then got in their

car and left. Mr. Funches testified that he feared for his life during the incident.

On cross-examination, Mr. Funches testified that light came from streetlights

not far from the bottom of the steps at Lake Point Apartments and from lights in the

stairwell. He said that he had seen the defendants before and that Mr. Garrett knew

the defendants. He said that when Defendant One first approached Mr. Garrett,

Defendant One said, “Where your sh** at.” He said he could not hear whether Mr.

Garrett said anything to Defendant One. He said the defendants took Ms. Funches’s

necklace at Lake Point Apartments. He stated that the defendants asked him “if he

had anything, if he had a gun.” He said he thought the defendants were asking him

if he had any money and if he had a gun. He said that although he was never directly
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threatened, he felt his life was threatened because if they would kill Mr. Garrett, they

would also kill him.

Mr. Funches testified that at Perkins Woods Apartments, Defendant Two

stayed in the car with him and Ms. Funches, and he did not remember if Defendant

Two had a gun. He said Defendant Two did not threaten them with a gun. He said

that after Defendant One and Mr. Garrett came back outside, Defendant One went to

the passenger side of the car and said, “Give me your money.” He said that after they

got money from Ms. Funches, they left. He said that Defendant Two never raised or

pointed his gun.

Mr. Funches testified that they did not call the police that night because Ms.

Funches was afraid. He said Ms. Funches was scared because the defendants knew

where she and Mr. Garrett lived, and they had threatened to kill Mr. Garrett. He said

that after the incident, Mr. Garrett told him that he knew the defendants as security

guards. He said that Ms. Funches did not know the defendants.

On redirect examination, Mr. Funches testified that at Lake Point Apartments,

the defendants asked him “if [he] had anything” and if he had a gun. He said he

thought they were asking him if he had any money or a gun. He said he thought the

defendants still had their guns at Perkins Woods Apartments.

Tony Garrett testified that he had a felony conviction for possession of

cocaine. He stated that on April 14, he, his fiancee Marti Funches, and her brother

Christopher Funches attended a party at Lake Point Apartments. He said that they

left the party at about 2:00 a.m. and that as they went down the stairs, he noticed the

defendants exiting a gray Chevrolet Cavalier. He said the defendants approached

him and told him to “drop it off.” He said Defendant One had a .38 caliber pistol and

Defendant Two had a 12-gauge gun. He said he told the defendants that he did not

have anymoney, and one ofthe defendants hit him in the eye. He said the defendants

then searched his pockets and took eight hundred dollars from him. He testified that

the money was part of Ms. Funches’s income tax refund check that they had cashed

earlier that day.

Mr. Garrett testified that Ms. Funches panicked, and the defendants took

about thirty dollars and a herringbone necklace from her. He said that the defendants

asked Mr. Funches what he had on him but that Mr. Funches did not have anything.

Mr. Garrett stated that the defendants forced everyone into his car. He said that he

was forced into the driver’s side of the car, and one of the defendants got into the

passenger’s side and forced Mr. Garrett to drive to his and Ms. Funches’s apartment

at gunpoint. He said that Defendant Two followed them in the defendants’ car. He

stated that the defendants made threats and told Mr. Garrett that he was going to die

and that Ms. Funches was going to be a widow.
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Mr. Garrett testified that he was forced into his apartment at gunpoint by

Defendant One while Mr. and Ms. Funches remained in the car with Defendant Two.

He said Defendant One searched his apartment but did not find any money. He said

Defendant One forced him back outside, and the defendants patted him down again.

He said the defendants left when they realized that he did not have any more money,

but they threatened to kill him if anyone called the police. He stated that because of

these threats, Ms. Funches did not want to the call the police that night but that the

next day he convinced her that they should notify the police.

On cross-examination, Mr. Garrett testified that he recognized the defendants’

car from the neighborhood. He said the defendants approached him together, and

they were both armed. He said that when one of the defendants told him to “drop it

off,” he thought they were demanding money from him. He said he did not recall if

the defendants said anything about him having a gun that belonged to them. He said

the defendants also told Ms. Funches to “drop it off.” He said they searched Ms.

Funches and took the money that was in her purse, and he said they asked Mr.

Funches what he had, but he did not have anything.

Mr. Garrett testified that at Perkins Woods Apartments, Defendant Two

threatened to shoot Mr. and Ms. Funches if they moved. He said that Defendant One

did not ask him about a gun. He said he was not an acquaintance of the defendants,

but he had known them for about four months and knew they worked as security

guards. He stated that he might have given the defendants his pager number and that

he had seen them the week before the incident at EZ Pawnshop. He said he did not

know what they were looking at, and he did not know if the defendants bought guns

at the pawnshop. He stated that he had not seen the defendants armed until the

robbery. He testified that he did not own any guns until after the incident. Mr.

Garrett stated that the defendants had paged him once, but they did not page him on

the day of the incident, and he did not borrow a gun from them.

Mr. Garrett testified that he assumed DefendantTwo was carrying a 12-gauge

gun because half of the gun was sticking out, and he knew what a 12-gauge gun

looked like. He said that nothing was taken at Perkins Woods Apartments because

the defendants had already taken everything. He said the defendants asked Mr.

Funches if he had any money, but Mr. Funches told them that he did not. He testified

that he and Ms. Funches stayed in a hotel after the incident.

Mr. Garrett was shown a photograph of the defendants, and he described the

defendant in photograph number 96400788-35 as the calm one. He stated that the

defendant in the photograph appeared to be Linn Cook, but he was not positive

because they were identical twins. He testified that he saw one of the defendants at

Circle K after charges had been filed, and that defendant begged him to drop the

charges. He said he later saw the calm one, and he denied telling that defendant that
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he pressed charges because he was embarrassed about being hit in front of his

fiancee.

Marti Funches testified that she, Mr. Garrett, and her brother left the party at

Lake Point Apartments at about 2:00 a.m. on April 14. She said that as they walked

down the steps, the defendants jumped out of their car and approached them. She

said that one of the defendants had his hand down by his side. She said that Mr.

Garrett knew the defendants and that he stated, “What’s up Deuce Man.” She said

Defendant One pulled out a large silver .38 caliber gun, and she said it looked like

Defendant Two had a stick or a pipe. She testified that the bottom of the stairs was

unlit and she panicked.

Ms. Funches testified that Defendant One told Mr. Garrett to “drop that sh**

off” and then struck Mr. Garrett. She said Defendant Two said “what you got” and

took her necklace. She stated that Defendant Two told her and Mr. Funches not to

move. She stated that Defendant One forced Mr. Garrett into the driver’s side of his

car and forced her and Mr. Funches into the backseat. She testified that Defendant

One told her that she was going to be a widow, and she said she thought she was

going to die.

Ms. Funches testified that Defendant One forced Mr. Garrett to drive to the

apartment she shared with him, then Defendant One forced Mr. Garrett into the

apartment at gunpoint while Defendant Two stayed with her and Mr. Funches. She

said Defendant One and Mr. Garrett were in the apartment for about four or five

minutes, and when they came out, the defendants forced Mr. Garrett into his car, then

they got into their car and left. She said the defendants stated that they would come

back for them if they called the police. She said she and Mr. Garrett dropped off Mr.

Funches at their mother’s house, then she and Mr. Garrett spent the night at Mr.

Garrett’s mother’s house. She said she did not want to call the police because she

was scared, but Mr. Garrett convinced her the next day that they should notify the

police.

On cross-examination, Ms. Funches testified that she recognized the

defendants. She said she had been in the car a couple of times when Mr. Garrett had

seen the defendants walking on the street and had given them a ride. She said Mr.

Garrett told her that the defendants were security guards. She stated that she did not

keep guns in the apartment that she shared with Mr. Garrett. She said that on the

night of the incident, she did not hear either defendant ask Mr. Garrett if he had a gun

he was holding for them. She stated that the eight hundred dollars the defendants

took from Mr. Garrett was part of the money from her income tax refund.

Ms. Funches testified that Defendant Two pointed an object at Mr. Funches

that looked like a pipe or a stick. She said Defendant One asked Mr. Funches if he
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had a gun, but the defendants did not search or pat down Mr. Funches. She testified

that Defendant Two ripped off her necklace, and she gave them about thirty or thirtyfive dollars. Initially, she said she gave them her money at Lake Point Apartments,

but she later stated that she gave them her money at Perkins Woods Apartments. She

said that she and Mr. Garrett stayed with Mr. Garrett’s mother after the incident

because all the hotels were booked. She said she was not aware of any guns kept in

her apartment after the incident.

Officer Rodney Adair of the Memphis Police Department testified that he

received a dispatch at about 3:00 p.m. on April 14 reporting shots fired at Lake Point

Apartments. He said he spoke with security officers at the apartments who informed

him that the suspects had left and might be headed toward Getwell Gardens. He said

the suspects were described as two black males, possibly twins, driving a gray, fourdoor Chevrolet Cavalier.

Officer Adair testified that as he pulled into Getwell Gardens, the defendants

were pulling out in a gray Cavalier. He said he turned on his blue lights, stopped the

car, and ordered the defendants out of the car. He said he drew his weapon because

he had information that the suspects were armed and had fired shots. He said that the

passenger got out of the car, raised his hands, and dropped to the ground as ordered.

He said the driver got out of the car and raised his hands, and he noticed that the

driver was wearing a shoulder holster but did not have a weapon. He said the driver

was being difficult and would not get on the ground as ordered. He said another

officer arrived about ten seconds later, and the driver finally complied.

Officer Adair testified that he patted down the passenger and found six rounds

of .38 caliber ammunition in his hands. He said neither defendant had weapons on

them, but a search of the car produced two handguns and a shotgun. He said the

weapons were in the front part of the car, and the shotgun and a handgun were

loaded. He testified that ammunition was found in the trunk of the car.

On cross-examination, Officer Adair admitted that according to the arrest

ticket, both defendants lay flat on the ground before other officers arrived. He

testified that the barrel of the shotgun they recovered was hot, but he did not know

if it was hot from lying in the sun. He said he had no knowledge of any spent

shotgun shells or bullets found in the car.

Officer Paul Bishop of the Memphis Police Department testified that he was

called to Eastwood Hospital at about 3:30 p.m. on April 14 to take a robbery report

from the victims. He said that Mr. Garrett’s left eye was swollen. He said he heard

a call over the radio regarding shots fired, and he put out a broadcast regarding the

robbery and kidnapping because he thought the descriptions of the suspects were

similar.
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Officer Monday Quinn of the Memphis Police Department testified that he

received a call to go to Getwell Gardens on the report of shots fired. He said that

when he arrived, the defendants were out of their car, and Officer Adair had his gun

drawn and was ordering them to get on the ground. He said the passenger complied,

but the driver did not. He said he asked the driver his name, and the driver said he

was Glen Cook. He said the driver was wearing a shoulder holster. He stated that

in the front of the car, he found a loaded, sawed-off shotgun containing six rounds

of ammunition and two loaded .38 caliber handguns. He said he also found

ammunition. On cross-examination, he stated that he did not see any spent shells in

the car.

B.F. Hadaway, Jr., an investigator with the Tennessee Department of

Commerce and Insurance Regulatory Boards, testified that the Boards regulate

security companies and that one must go through a certain procedure to become a

commissioned security officer in Tennessee. He said that one must file a lengthy

application and undergo FBI and TBI background checks. He said that a person

cannot work as an armed security guard in Tennessee until they have been certified

by the state. The affidavit of Donna Hancock, Administrative Director of Tennessee

Private Protective Security Guard Services, was admitted into evidence. In her

affidavit, Ms. Hancock stated that a complete record search revealed that the

defendants did not hold armed guard registration, nor was there any record of an

application filed by the defendants. The defendants were convicted upon the

foregoing evidence.

State v. Linn Cook and Glenn Cook, No. 02C01-9712-CR-00482, 1999 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS

627, at *3-17 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 30, 1999).

The post-conviction hearing occurred on two days. During the first post-conviction hearing,

which was conducted on July 25, 2005, the petitioner testified that trial counsel should have called

Officer Justin Fox to testify at trial to impeach the testimony of other officers concerning their

involvement in the case. He also argued that the arrest ticket was falsified by police. He said that

Officer Fox’s testimony indicated that he did not arrest the defendant even though his name was on

the arrest ticket. The petitioner claimed that the arrest ticket was falsified so the State could

maliciously prosecute him and his brother.

The petitioner also argued that his attorney was ineffective because she only met with him

once or twice while he was in jail and did not discuss trial strategy. He said he asked her to file a

motion to suppress, but she failed to do so. The petitioner said he and his brother were never

involved in a robbery or a kidnapping. He argued that the victims were “manufactured” and that he

and his brother did not know them. The petitioner said that trial counsel failed to utilize the officer’s

testimony to impeach the State witnesses.
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The petitioner testified that trial counsel did not share any discovery or discuss trial strategy

with him. He said that neither his attorney nor his brother’s attorney presented a defense for them

at trial. The petitioner testified that counsel did not contact or interview any of the witnesses they

suggested. 

The petitioner said that he and his brother were both diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia,

but trial counsel did not investigate his illness. He said trial counsel did not communicate with him

about his potential sentencing exposure and should have filed a motion to suppress the initial stop

because the officers had fabricated probable cause.

During cross-examination, the petitioner testified that his attorney did nothing and that his

brother’s attorney offered the only argument before the court. He said that both of the officers listed

on the arrest ticket testified at trial as to a “shots-fired” call but not to a robbery and kidnaping. All

of the three alleged victims testified during the trial about a robbery that occurred to them at the

hands of the petitioner and his brother. The petitioner said that he wanted a jury trial but said that

the lack of action by his trial counsel allowed only the state’s version to be presented to the jury. He

also said that, because he was “gagged” by the judge, he did not have an opportunity to tell counsel

the questions he wanted her to ask during cross-examination. 

When confronted with his testimony during voir-dire, the petitioner agreed that he said he

had reviewed the case with counsel. He also acknowledged that he testified that he had met with

counsel several times regarding testimony elicited during the course of the trial. Further, he said he

had met and discussed the case with counsel and had decided not to testify on his own behalf. The

petitioner also said that counsel told him there was no need for him to testify because they were

going to use the testimony of Officer Fox. He said they were led to believe counsel would call

Officer Fox but, as soon as he agreed not to testify, counsel rested his case. He said he did not raise

this to the trial judge at the time because he had been gagged by the trial judge and would have been

removed from the courtroom if he had said anything.

The petitioner said that all the alleged victims were lying and that the offenses never

occurred. The petitioner said counsel should have interviewed the person who owned the home

where the events were alleged to have occurred. He said she was an alleged eyewitness and should

have been called to testify. 

The defense rested their proof at the conclusion of the petitioner’s testimony. The hearing

was then continued until September 22, 2005. Trial counsel testified that she was appointed to

represent the petitioner at trial. Counsel testified that she had trouble with the petitioner during most

of the time she was appointed to represent him. She said that she had tried one other criminal case

involving an aggravated burglary. Counsel said she only recalled filing one motion in the case, and

it was a motion for discovery. However, she was unable to locate her file in this matter and could

not be certain that was the only motion filed. Counsel said that she ordinarily preserves her client

files for a three-year period to a five-year period. 
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Counsel did not recall filing any written pretrial motions but did make an oral motion in

limine before trial. She recalled the petitioner complaining that she did not file thirty-six motions.

She believed the number “thirty-six” came from the petitioner being charged previously with other,

more serious crimes that might require that many pretrial motions. Counsel testified that she did not

recall any specific motions the petitioner asked her to file.

Counsel testified that she felt like she properly represented the petitioner. She said the

petitioner filed a complaint with the Board of Professional Responsibility and complained that she

did not make an objection to certain testimony regarding whether the police were responding to a

“shots fired” call. It was her contention that she did make an objection at the outset and that the

objection was continuing in nature. She said she shared the discovery materials with the petitioner.

Counsel testified that she was not aware that she could have asked for an investigator to be

appointed to the petitioner. She believed that her investigation and the investigative work conducted

by the co-defendant’s counsel was sufficient. Counsel said that she did not interview the State’s

witnesses prior to trial. She went to the scene of the alleged crime. Counsel did not issue any

subpoenas and did not put on any proof.

On cross-examination, counsel testified that she met with the petitioner ten to fifteen times

prior to trial. She said she was unable to locate one of the people the petitioner wanted to testify.

She participated in the cross-examination of the State’s witness but let counsel for the co-defendant

go first in cross-examination because the co-defendant’s name was first on the indictment. If counsel

for the co-defendant did not ask questions that she felt were necessary, she asked those questions.

Counsel testified that it is her policy to ask her clients if they have additional questions they want

asked before she finishes questioning the witnesses. She then makes an independent decision about

whether or not their questions are relevant. She made sure the petitioner participated in the trial

process, including questioning and jury selection. Counsel said that she tries to provide the client

a copy of the entire file and that it mirrors closely the file she uses, with the exception of her attorney

work product. 

Counsel recalled having the petitioner evaluated because he had complained of problems

with schizophrenia. She said that testing revealed he was competent to assist in preparation for trial

and was competent to understand the consequences of his conduct.

Analysis

The petitioner contends that he was denied effective assistance of counsel and that he was

sentenced improperly because he received sentences above the minimum range for each offense.

Specifically, the petitioner argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to: interview the State’s

witnesses prior to trial; discuss trial strategy with him prior to trial; file motions that he wanted filed;

and subpoena two witnesses, Officer Fox and Keisha Hare, he deemed important to his defense.

Additionally, the petitioner contends that counsel was ineffective for failing to use his history of

schizophrenia to his advantage.
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This court reviews a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under the standards of Baxter

v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930 (Tenn. 1975), and Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct.

2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). The petitioner has the burden to prove that (1) the attorney’s

performance was deficient, and (2) the deficient performance resulted in prejudice to the defendant

so as to deprive him of a fair trial. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064; Goad v. State,

938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996); Butler v. State, 789 S.W.2d 898, 899 (Tenn. 1990). The failure

to prove either deficiency or prejudice justifies denial of relief; therefore, the court need not address

the components in any particular order or even address both if one is insufficient. Goad, 938 S.W.2d

at 370. In order to establish prejudice, the petitioner must establish a “reasonable probability that,

but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A

reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. 

The test in Tennessee to determine whether counsel provided effective assistance is whether

his or her performance was within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.

Baxter, 523 S.W.2d at 936. The petitioner must overcome the presumption that counsel’s conduct

falls within the wide range of acceptable professional assistance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104

S. Ct. at 2065; State v. Honeycutt, 54 S.W.3d 762, 769 (Tenn. 2001). Therefore, in order to prove

a deficiency, a petitioner must show “that counsel’s acts or omissions were so serious as to fall below

an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Goad, 938 S.W.2d

at 369 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S. Ct. at 2065).

In reviewing counsel’s conduct, a “fair assessment . . . requires that every effort be made to

eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the circumstances of counsel’s challenged

conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel’s perspective at the time.” Nichols v. State, 90

S.W.3d 576, 587 (Tenn. 2002) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at 2065). The fact that

a particular strategy or tactic failed or hurt the defense does not, standing alone, establish

unreasonable representation. However, deference to matters of strategy and tactical choices applies

only if the choices are informed ones based upon adequate preparation. Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d

572, 579 (Tenn. 1997); Hellard v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9 (Tenn. 1982). 

Here, the post-conviction court found that the police officer’s testimony would not have

provided any help to the petitioner since the officer’s testimony during the preliminary hearing did

not contradict any of the testimony elicited at trial. Further, we note the petitioner did not call

Officer Fox to testify at his post-conviction hearing. “When a petitioner contends that trial counsel

failed to discover, interview, or present witnesses in support of his defense, these witnesses should

be presented by the petitioner at the evidentiary hearing.” Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757

(Tenn. Crim. App. 1990); see also Scott v. State, 936 S.W.2d 271, 273 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996).

As a general rule, this is the only way the petitioner can establish that (1) a material witness existed

who could have been discovered but for counsel’s negligent investigation of the case; (2) a known

witness was not interviewed; (3) the failure to discover or interview the witness caused him

prejudice; or (4) the failure to present a known witness resulted in the denial of critical evidence

which caused the petitioner prejudice. Black, 794 S.W.2d at 757. Neither the trial court nor this
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court can speculate on what a witness’s testimony might have been if introduced by counsel. Id.

Therefore, this issue is waived.

With regard to the petitioner’s contention that counsel was ineffective for not producing

Keisha Hare as a witness at trial, we also conclude the issue is without merit. The petitioner did not

provide any valid information to aid counsel in locating the proposed witness. Counsel testified that

she unsuccessfully tried to locate the witness. Because he failed to produce the proposed witness

during the post-conviction hearing, the petitioner has waived this issue. See Id.

The post-conviction court found that counsel was not ineffective in her investigation of the

petitioner’s case. The petitioner contends that counsel was not adequately prepared to defend his

case and specifically contends that counsel’s failure to interview the witnesses for the State was

prejudicial to his case. It is the petitioner’s burden to establish that there existed a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been

different. Here, the petitioner has not provided any proof that additional investigation would have

been beneficial. He has not produced any witnesses who could substantiate his claims that there

were inconsistencies in the evidence. We conclude that the petitioner has failed to show that

counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing

professional norms. It might have been beneficial for counsel to interview the police prior to trial

but “might” is inadequate for the petitioner to meet his burden. Counsel testified that she had all the

discovery materials she felt she needed, including the arrest ticket and related materials, to review

prior to trial. 

In his brief, the petitioner makes a brief mention that he was greatly prejudiced by the

absence of a motion to sever his case from that of his twin brother. However, he provides no

authority to support his contention. This issue is waived as the petitioner has failed to cite authority

to support his argument. Tenn. Ct. Crim. App. R. 10(b); State v. Schaller, 975 S.W.2d 313, 318

(Tenn. Crim. App. 1997). 

The petitioner also contends counsel was ineffective for failing to contact his friends and

doctors regarding his diagnosis as a paranoid schizophrenic. However, the State correctly points out

that counsel testified she had the petitioner evaluated and the resulting diagnosis found him to be

competent to stand trial and participate in his defense. Again, the petitioner failed to call any

witnesses to support his contentions and has failed to meet his burden of proof.

With regard to the effective assistance of trial counsel, the petitioner has failed to meet his

burden of proof, and the judgment from the trial court is affirmed.

The petitioner also argues that he was sentenced improperly. He argues that his sentence

violated Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), because the trial court enhanced his sentence.

The State argues that he did not raise this issue on direct appeal and has thus waived this claim

pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-106(g). We conclude that the petitioner’s

claim must fail even if a Blakely violation occurred. This court has previously held that Blakely does
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not apply retroactively to cases on collateral appeal. See Billy Merle Meeks v. Ricky J. Bell,

Warden, No. M2005-00626-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 962, at *17 (Tenn. Crim.

App., Nashville, Nov. 13, 2007). This court, in the unreported decision of Meeks v. Bell, concluded

that the weight of authority stemming from Cunningham v. California, 549 U.S. ___, 127 S. Ct. 856

(2007) and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000), and its progeny are

contrary to the petitioner’s assertions which are mirrored here by the petitioner. As to the retroactive

application of Blakely, we conclude, as the court in Meeks concluded, that the holdings of Blakely

are not to be applied retroactively. Meeks, No. M2005-00626-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 Tenn. Crim. App.

962, at *19. Additionally, this court has previously held that Blakely does not apply retroactively

to cases on collateral appeal in the post-conviction setting. See Timothy R. Bowles v. State, No.

M2006-01685-CCA-R3-HC, 2007 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 355, at *7-8 (Tenn. Crim. App. at

Nashville, May 1, 2007); CarlJohnson v. State, No. W2003-02760-CCA-R3-PC, 2005 Tenn. Crim.

App. LEXIS 65, at *11-12 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, Jan. 25, 2005). Therefore, the petitioner

is not entitled to any relief on this issue.

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing and the record as a whole, we affirm the judgment from the postconviction court. 

___________________________________ 

JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE