p.1 

OAR Box 1865 

Prepped by Charmelle Mathews 

Document Number: 

96) IV-J-39 

Docket Number: 

A-83-27 

Printed 12/3/2008 9:15:32 AM Sheet 96 of 105 
P.2 

A-83-27 

IV-J-39 

DORR OLIVER 

FLUID BED STEAM GENERATORS 

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4 REVIEW OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 
P.3 

Why Fluid Bed Steam Generation 

Responding to the need to burn 

the lowest-cost solid fuels in the 

most environmentally satisfactory 

way, Keeler/Dorr-Oliver fluid bed 

steam generators produce steam 

efficiently, using all grades of low 

to high-sulfur fuels. These steam 

generators are adaptable to many 

types of coal and waste, such as 

anthracite mining waste (culm), oil 

shale or spent shale, petroleum 

coke, tar sands, coal slurries and 

agricultural wastes. All designs 

comply with stringent requirements 

for S02 and other emission controls 

and are custom-designed to utilize 

specific fuels as they are available. 

Advantages of our 

Fluid Bed Steam 

Generators 

• Use lowest cost fuels available 

• Broad fuel flexibility 

• Capital and operating cost less 

than conventional equipment 

with flue gas desulfurization 

• SO2 capture within the 

combustion environment 

• Greatly reduced NOx emissions 

• Reduced maintenance costs 

• Slagging and fouling virtually 

eliminated 

• Conventional particulate 

emission control 

• Ash ruled non-hazardous by EPA 

FLUID 

HIGH FUEL BED 

NITROGEN COMBUSTION 

LOW FUEL 

NITROGEN 

Figure 1 

Reduced NOx Emissions 

NOx formation is suppressed by 

the low combustion temperature of 

a fluid bed and close control over 

excess air. The circulating fluid bed 

lends itself conveniently to staged 

combustion which limits NO, 

formation further by the presence 

of char (a reductant) in the first 

stage. 

Circulating fluid bed boilers are 

performing especially well on a 

very small particle size fuel (fluid 

coke, coke breeze, -28 mesh coal 

waste) and on high-volatile-content 

fuel (peat, wood and wood residues, 

agricultural wastes, waste-watertreatment sludge). 
P.4 

Improved 

Combustion 

Fluid bed boilers are particularly 

well suited to use fuels which are 

wet, of low heating value, or have 

low ash melting points. There is 

close control over excess air and 

combustion conditions. This is of 

particular importance in minimizing 

emissions of CO, hydrocarbons 

and VOC. Chemical recovery of 

flue gas components can be 

improved for many waste 

combustion operations. 

S02 Capture 

The strongest impetus for the 

development and acceptance of 

fluid bed steam generators arose 

from the recognition that combustion in a fluid bed would permit the 

reaction of sulfur, released during 

fuel combustion as sulfur dioxide, 

with calcium oxide. The calcium 

oxide is generated simultaneously 

by the calcination of limestone 

introduced into the fluid bed with 

the fuel being burned. Ground 

limestone is used for this purpose. 

It mixes with the ash in the fluid 

bed and leaves the bottom of the 

bed in the form of calcium sulfate 

(gypsum). 

CaCO , heat added CaO "•" C0 2 

C aO + S0 2

 + V2 0 2 heat gained CaSO . 

The rate and extent of absorption 

of SO2 on CaO is dependent on 

many variables: 

Fluid-bed density, pressure and 

temperature 

Residence time 

Figure 2 

Excess air and moisture in flue 

gas 

Reactivity of limestone 

Pore volume and surface area of 

lime particles 

Lime particle size 

Sulfur content of coal 

The primary consideration, 

however, is the extent of sulfur 

capture to meet emission 

regulations. For each of the 

identified reaction variables, there 

is an optimum amount of lime 

needed to meet the emission limits. 

The required amount is in excess 

of that needed to provide 

stoichiometric needs (chemically 

equivalent amounts). 

The general range of calcium-tosulfur ratios for commercial 

operations is shown in Figure 2. 

An optimum balance of the 

combustion, calcination, sulfation 

and NOx formation reactions is 

struck at temperatures between 

1550°F and 1750°F. Dorr-Oliver's 

experience with limestone calciners 

indicates that this is also the 

optimum temperature range for the 

generation of the most active form 

of lime (calcium oxide) possible. 

Depending upon the geological 

source and chemical composition 

of the limestone most economically 

available, an excess of lime equal 

to 1.1 times stoichiometrical 

requirements or much higher must 

be used. The range is dictated by 

chemical and physical considerations and by the choice of bubbling 

or circulating fluid bed boilers. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver can furnish 

expert advice on the source, 

utilization and effectiveness of 

limestone to users of its fluid bed 

steam generators. 
P.5 

The Economics of Fluid Bed Steam Generation 

Why should anyone consider the 

purchase of a fluid bed steam 

generator? Some fuels can only be 

burned in fluid beds. Fluid beds are 

versatile and provide fuel flexibility. 

Above all, the total economics of 

investment in equipment and the 

operating costs for different types 

of fuels have to be weighed against 

each other. 

In past years, Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

has furnished thousands of oil- and 

gas-fired steam generators. They 

still would represent the choice of 

equipment with the lowest installed 

costs and lowest operating and 

maintenance costs, except for the 

cost of fuel. 

A fluid bed steam generator, as 

any other solid-fuel-fired steam 

generator, means higher capital 

investment and labor costs for fuel 

handling, continuous attendance, 

ash handling and additional 

maintenance costs...not so much 

for the steam generator, but for the 

material handling systems required 

for solid fuels. However, substantial 

savings in fuel cost will result from 

switching to alternate fuels (solid, 

coal-water mixture, etc.) 

Compared with conventional 

stoker or pulverized coal-fired 

steam generators with flue gas 

desulfurization equipment, the fluid 

bed steam generator offers the 

advantage of lower maintenance 

costs because of the absence of 

internal moving parts, pulverizing 

equipment, scrubber sludge 

handling and de-watering 

equipment, and all the other 

complexities of such systems. 

Making an investment decision 

will require the financial analysis of 

the continuing operating cost 

savings resulting from the use of a 

lower-cost fuel, balanced against 

the capital required for the new 

equipment. This analysis is needed 

for any completely new power 

plant, the expansion of an existing 

facility, or the need to reduce 

expense by fuel switching. 

Payback from fuel switching for varying fuel cost differential 

Analyses may be made on the 

basis of simple payback, return on 

investment or internal rate of return, 

whichever may be preferred. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver is prepared to 

assist in the preparation of the 

capital investment analysis. 

Detailed information on present 

operating expenses, present fuel 

costs, and future fuel costs will be 

needed in order to perform such an 

analysis. 

Studies continue to substantiate 

that the typical industrial plant can 

expect significant payback from 

fuel switching. The accompanying 

graph illustrates the payback 

resulting from switching from oil to 

coal with the attendant capital 

investment required for a 100,000 

PPH steam generator. Payback will 

vary with the differential of the cost 

of oil to the cost of coal, all on a 

delivered basis. The economics of 

using waste fuels depends on the 

delivered cost of the fuel and the 

disposal cost savings. 

Additional financial incentives 

are provided in the use of 

investment tax credits, the 

opportunities to configurate 

systems for cogeneration with the 

benefits of using or selling 

cogenerated power under the 

provisions of the Public Utilities 

Regulatory and Policy Act 

(PURPA), and additional incentives 

and tax credits offered by an 

increasing number of states 

interested in supporting the use of 

coal and alternate fuels. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver will gladly 

assist in the evaluation of technoeconomic and financial 

considerations of your investment 

in fluid bed boilers. 
P.6 

Principles of Operation 

In a fluid bed, the combustion air 

agitates the bed of fuel, limestone 

and ash so as to behave similar to 

a fluid. Granular solids can flow 

freely within this environment. 

A fluid bed steam generator has 

a stationary grate, often referred to 

as an air distributor, a water-cooled 

or refractory wall furnace, and 

convective evaporator and/or 

superheater banks. Single-drum 

and two-drum configurations are 

used, depending upon the service 

and steam conditions. 

The grate supports the bed and 

distributes the fluidizing underfire 

air. Primary or underfire air is 

blown into the bed through nozzles 

in the air distributor and typically 

equals 90% to 120% of 

stoichiometric combustion air 

requirements. Secondary or 

overfire air, when used, is blown 

into the furnace above the fluid 

bed. 

High turbulence and mixing is 

provided by fluidization. Every 

particle's surface is exposed to the 

flow of combustion air. 

Fluidization exists within a welldefined regime of air flow velocity, 

particle size, particle density and 

particle shape. Three distinct 

regimes can be observed...the 

bubbling regime at low-to-moderate 

air-flow velocities, the entrained 

flow or recirculating regime at 

increased velocities, and the 

pneumatic transport regime at very 

high velocities. 

Fluidization regimes 

A fluid bed consists of a mixture 

of coal ash, active and spent 

sorbent (mostly calcium oxide and 

calcium sulfate, respectively) and 

only one to three percent of fresh 

fuel. A bubbling fluid bed generates 

bottom ash and fly ash just as 

conventional boilers do. Bottom 

ash is withdrawn from the fluid bed 

and cooled. Fly ash is collected 

after the economizer and/or air 

preheater in particulate control 

equipment. The most commonly 

used control device has been the 

fabric filter or baghouse, but 

electrostatic precipitators have 

certain applications. 

A circulating fluid bed boiler 

generates mostly fly ash, as does a 

pulverized-coal-fired unit. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver furnishes 

bubbling-bed-type fluid bed steam 

generators under the CPFS and 

MKFS designation, and circulatingbed steam generators under the 

HCFS designation. 

Fluidized Bed 

Combustion 

Characteristics 

• Good mixing 

• High heat transfer rates 

• Isothermal fuel bed 

• Stable operation 

• Low combustion temperatures 

• High combustion efficiencies 

• Combustion process precisely 

adaptable to fuel used 

• Ease of control and operation 
P.7 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Model CPFS 

VERTICAL 

IM-BEO TUBES 

OVERBED 

FEEDER 

OBSERVATION 

PORTS 

COMPLETELY 

WATER COOLED 

BED CONTAINMENT 

INACTIVE BED 

CPFS 

SECTIONAL FRONT" 

The smaller Model CPFS steam 

generator is a shop-fabricated 

sectional unit, but can be fielderected. Featuring a 7:1 turndown 

ratio, it is adapted from the proven 

Keeler Model CP design, several 

thousands of which have been in 

use for over 30 years. The CPFS 

model can be shop-fabricated in 

two modules in the 30,000 to 80,000 

pounds steam per hour range, 

while the field-erected design can 

be used for higher capacities. 

Construction 

• Sectional construction units 

shippable in modules 

• Completely water-cooled 

membrane wall bed containment 

prevents air leakage problems 

• Vertical in-bed, waterwall and 

convection tubes prevent erosion 

problems 

• Sparge pipe air distributor system 

eliminates need for bed or 

windbox segmentation 

• Bottom ash withdrawal between 

sparge pipes eliminates segregation of large ash particles 

• Low head room (no basement 

required) 

Specifications 

• Steam capacities: 30,000 pounds 

steam per hour and above 

• Steam pressure: 850 psig design 

maximum 

• Steam temperatures: to 850° F 

• Design freedom to suit fuels and 

sorbents of choice 

• 7:1 turndown 

• Rapid load response 

• Natural circulation 

• Liberally sized steam drum 

• Mechanical and gravity 

reinjection 

• For SO, control: bed depth of 4 

ft (variable ± 1 ft) and minimum 

freeboard height of 8 ft 

• Overbed feed with spreader stoker 

Applications 

• Bituminous coal 

• Solid fuels with heating values 

over 4000 BTU per pound as 

fired 
P.8 

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Sectional Concept 

The sectional concept is based 

on using fixed maximum height and 

width limitations to permit rail and 

road shipment Adaptation to fuel, 

limestone and capacity is made by 

customizing the length of both top 

and bottom modules. 
P.9 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Model CPFS Duplex 

VERTICAL 

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CPF S DUPLEX-SECTIONAL SIDEThis version of the CPFS has all 

the same features as the fielderected CPFS model but offers 

higher capacities. Two complete 

CPFS furnaces are placed side-byside but utilize a common 

convection bank and common 

drums. Each furnace has its own 

spreader stoker, limestone supply, 

ash withdrawal screws and 

controls. This concept offers 

especially high operating flexibility 

and the advantage of the low 

headroom provided by the CPFS 

design. 

Unique Features 

of our Bubbling 

Fluid .Bed Designs 

• High turndown capabilities 

• Rapid load following 

• Vertical tubes for long life 
P.10 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Model MKFS 

The MKFS steam generator is 

field-erected and utilized primarily 

for higher-capacity installations 

and for certain fuels where the 

CPFS unit is not practical (lowgrade, high fines content). MKFS 

steam generators are similar in 

design to Keeler's MK and MKB 

steam generators which have been 

proven in operation in hundreds of 

installations. They are customdesigned to meet specific fuel 

requirements. 

Constmction 

• Field-erected 

• Completely water-cooled 

membrane wall bed containment 

and air distributor 

• Vertical in-bed, waterwall and 

convection tubes prevent erosion 

problems 

• Segmented plenum chamber or 

sparge pipe air distribution 

system 

• Gravity and mechanical 

reinjection from internal hopper 

and/or external collector 

Specifications 

• Steam capacities: 50,000 pounds 

steam per hour and above 

• Steam pressure: to suit 

• Steam temperatures: to 900°F 

• Custom design 

• Standard turndown 4:1; higher 

ratios optional 

• Rapid load response 

• Natural circulation design 

• Liberally sized steam drum 

• Simple fuel feeding by screw 

conveyor or spreader stoker 

Applications 

• All types of solid fuels, especially 

those with low heating value 

(wastes) 

• Highly volatile fuels or very small 

particle-size fuels 

STEAM OUT 

FLUE GAS OUT 

STEAM DRUM 

WATER DRUM 

INTERNAL 

REM-JECTION 

HOPPER 

FLUIDIZED 

BED AREA 

AIR DISTRIBUTOR 

AIR RM 

WINDBOX 

MKFS 

'SECTIONAL SIDE" 
P.11 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver Model HCFS 

ELEV. 

106'-0* 

ATTEMPERATOR 

PRIMARY 

SUPERHEATER 

ELEV. «7*0" 

Configuration for high pressure, high-temperature generation 

10 
P.12 

The HCFS steam generator 

represents the evolution of the 

MKFS concept to high-velocity 

circulating bed operations. These 

units are designed to meet the 

large-capacity, continuous-duty 

steam generation needs of the 

large processing industries, 

especially for cogeneration. 

The steam generator 

incorporates all the proven design 

concepts of Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's 

water-cooled membrane wall 

combustor with the addition of the 

external cyclone collection and 

reinjection equipment required for 

the high rates of particle 

recirculation resulting from high 

bed velocity operations. 

HCFS designs require tall 

installations, but are particularly 

suitable for staged combustion, 

where even lower NO, emissions 

have to be obtained than can 

normally be achieved in a 

fluid bed. 

These units offer the highest 

efficiencies and least sorbent 

consumption for SO2 control. 

An optional external fluid bed 

heat exchanger (solids cooler) can 

be added for even greater system 

flexibility. 

Constmction 

• Field-erected 

• Completely water-cooled 

membrane wall furnace and air 

distributor 

• Membrane wall 

• 2-drum convection bank 

• Close-coupled cyclone collector 

• Proprietary Fluoseal* reinjection 

control 

HCFS 

FLU© BED 

STEAM GENERATOR 

Alternate configuration for low-to-medium pressure systems, especially those without 

significant superheat 

Specifications 

• Steam capacities: 60,000 pounds 

per hour and above 

• Steam pressure: to suit 

• Steam temperatures: to suit 

• Natural circulation design 

• Turndown ratio 3:1 

• Rapid load response 

Applications 

• Bituminous and sub-bituminous 

coal 

• Lignite 

• Coke 

• Culm, Gob 

• Agricultural wastes 

• Coal/water mixture 

• Fine particle fuels 

• Stringent emission limitations on 

NOx, CO, hydrocarbons 

11 
P.13 

1 

Manufacturing,Shipping,lnst3liation Aite U> 

Designed, manufactured and 

tested in our Williamsport plant, all 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver products are 

manufactured by people who take 

pride in their work. From rolling 

and welding drums, making stateof-the-art membrane walls, drilling 

tube holes, X-raying all welds, 

stress-relieving the drums, bending 

tubes through automated 

operations, to final assembly and 

quality control, Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

assures that its products are 

responsive to today's needs for 

energy-efficient and reliable 

equipment Authorized inspectors 

supervise our work. They are 

qualified as required by the State 

rules adopting the ASME code, 

holding all necessary commissions 

of the National Board of Boiler and 

Pressure Vessel Inspectors. 

Automatic continuous welder 

Close coordination between our 

Field Engineering Group and our 

Production Department insures that 

finished components arrive at our 

customer's site when needed. 

Our erection superintendent 

constantly monitors construction 

progress. When plant site 

conditions change due to weather 

or other unforeseen circumstances 

which require a change in project 

shipping schedules, the 

superintendent works with 

Production and Traffic personnel to 

help meet those challenges. 

Where possible, modular 

construction shortens fielderection time from start to finish. 

After hydrostatic testing, our field 

engineer helps prepare the unit for 

start-up by performing preliminary 

check-outs and advising and 

helping to train the plant personnel. 

CPFS lower module 

During early operation, the field 

engineer helps fine-tune the unit, 

making it ready for commercial 

operation. 

Once the unit performs its 

intended function—reliable and 

efficient production of steam— 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's Field 

Engineering Group stands ready to 

provide continuing service and 

assistance. When fuels or 

processes change, or when 

scheduled or unscheduled 

maintenance occurs, our field 

engineers are available with 

practical know-how and 

experience. 

Loading steam generator destined for 

major industrial manufacturer. 

Two modules are mated together by welding. 

12 
P.14 

Parts and Service 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver plant in Williamsport, Pa. Boiler house and Burner Test facility. 

We share your concern for spare 

parts availability and repair service 

expertise. That's why we stock 75% 

of all parts for our steam 

generators and burners and we 

can ship these parts immediately. 

Remaining parts are available from 

stock of our O.E.M. suppliers. 

Our staff provides exact duplication of parts from in-house drawings 

from one tube to full sets of tubes for 

any Keeler/Dorr-Oliver boiler. 

For best service from your boiler, 

we provide: 

• Guaranteed workmanship and 

material for one year 

• Assistance with fuel conversions 

• Boiler inspection with a written 

report 

• All types of estimates for steam 

generator repair 

• Hands-on and classroom 

operator training 

• Equipment check out 

• Start-up assistance 

• Complete steam generator 

repairs, including tubes, tile, 

insulation and casing 

replacement 

• Steam generator rebuilds 

• Surveys for reactivation of coalfired steam generators 

• Burner tune-up service 

• Burner retrofits 

• Turn-key responsibility 

• Quick delivery of parts or 

materials 

Field service engineer attaches thermocouple on downcomer ot CPFS boiler. 

ASME Code 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver holds U, S, and PP Code 

stamps. 

13 
Other Steam Products 

from Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

P.15 

In addition to fluid bed steam 

generators, Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

offers a broad line of products for 

use by industry, institutions, utilities 

and government 

Packaged Steam 

Generators 

Designated "DS", these units 

burn either oil or gas. An advanced 

double casing is designed to 

prolong casing life when firing 

high-sulfur fuel oil in a pressurized 

furnace. Furnished as a complete 

package, "DS" units require only 

field connections for fuel, water, 

steam and electricity. The largest 

unit in the series has 100,000 PPH 

steam capacity. 

Field-Erected 

Steam Generators 

Designated "MK", the Keeler/ 

Dorr-Oliver line of customdesigned, field-erected units 

enable the user to meet specific 

space requirements. "MK" units are 

adaptable to all types of fuels and 

are available with steam capacities 

up to 250,000 PPH, at pressures up 

to 1500 psig and steam 

temperatures to 1000°F. 

CP, CPM Steam 

Generators 

Invented in 1935, these watertube-type units brought the 

advantage of water-cooled 

furnaces to both large and small 

steam generator users in industry 

and institutions. The patented line 

of "CP" steam generators provides 

more heat absorbing surface 

without increasing the steam 

generator size and also offers 

better radiant heating and higher 

furnace temperatures. Their 

introduction also marked the first 

use of round rather than square 

waterwall headers. 

Industrial waste-fired boiler 

Modular 4-gang burner 

Solid-Fuel Steam 

Generators 

No other company has more 

experience in solid fuel firing. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver steam 

generators are designed for bestfuel-alternative efficiency while 

complying with the most rigid 

emission control requirements. 

Coal, lignite, wood, industrial and 

agricultural wastes are among the 

lower-cost fuels successfully 

burned to generate steam by 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver equipment 

Refuse-Fired 

Steam Generators 

The successful application of 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's solid fuel 

steam generator technology to the 

burning of municipal refuse 

produces a two-fold benefit... 

environmentally sound solution to 

the problem of waste disposal and 

a low-cost energy-saving method 

for steam generation. 

Faber Burners 

Faber burners have been used 

for more than 50 years in oil and 

gas-fired equipment Today, 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver also designs 

and manufactures special burners 

to handle a wide range of byproduct and waste fuels, both liquid 

and gaseous. The Faber line 

extends from simple single-unit 

burners to custom-designed 

multiple burner systems complete 

with micro-processor control 

packages. Low excess air, low NOx 

and coal/water slurry burners are 

also available. 

Accessories 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver offers a 

broad line of accessory equipment 

for steam generator systems, 

including superheaters, economizers and air heaters. Tube 

expanders are available for sale or 

rent 

14 
P.16 

Other Fluid Bed Products 

from Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

Fluid Bed Waste 

Incinerators 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's waste 

incinerators economically solve the 

problem of disposing of industrial 

wastes without environmental 

pollution. This compact, low-cost 

system burns liquids, slurries, 

sludges and solids in a fluidized 

bed and permits downstream 

energy recovery of a significant 

portion of the fuel value of the feed. 

Design of this system incorporates 

fluid bed technology derived from 

over 35 years of experience. Over 

800 fluid bed systems have been 

installed. 

Coal-Fired Fluid 

Bed Dryers 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's dryers are 

successfully used to dry coal, steel 

mill slag and various minerals 

efficiently; other fuels have been 

and can be used. 

Fluid Bed Incinerator 

Fluid Bed Chemical 

Recovery Units 

The basic advantage of our 

recovery units is the lowtemperature, smelt-free combustion 

at low spent liquor concentration. 

This assures the continuous 

production of uniformly highquality chemicals and the complete 

combustion of organics with 

optimum utilization of inherent 

heating value of the spent liquor, 

thereby eliminating the requirement 

for auxiliary fuel in the reactor. 

Fluid Bed 

Roasters 

The first commercial utilization of 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's fluid bed 

system was started up in 1947 

with the roasting of gold-bearing 

sulfide. It has since been widely 

extended to nearly all kinds of 

sulfide ores and concentrates. Our 

roasters have found applications in 

well over 200 installations 

throughout the world. 

Fluid Bed 

Calciners 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's multicompartment system incorporates 

the operating flexibility and close 

control of the fluidized bed while 

minimizing the heat requirement 

15 
P.17 

Experience that Spans Two Centuries 

The E. Keeler Company was 

established in Williamsport, Pa. in 

1864 and has been a recognized 

leader in steam generator design 

and manufacture. Today, as a 

wholly-owned company of DorrOliver, Incorporated in The 

Standard Oil Company, 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver continues its 

excellent reputation for quality and 

service and has established itself 

as a leading industrial watertube 

steam generator supplier. 

There are more than 5000 active 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver units in the 

United States and other countries, 

including some 50% of all solidfueled units sold in recent years. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver fluid bed 

steam generators represent 

expertise gained by E. Keeler 

Company in building industrial 

steam generators, combined with 

the fluid bed combustion and 

application experience developed 

by Dorr-Oliver. Since merging into 

Dorr-Oliver in 1982, Keeler/DorrOliver has developed a complete 

line of fluid bed boilers that provide 

an economical, practical, environmentally sound solution to the use 

of solid fuels to meet current and 

future requirements of all steam 

users. 

Dorr-Oliver, over 75 years old, 

was the first company to commercialize fluidized bed technology 

outside of the oil refining industry. 

Since 1946, fluid bed calciners, 

roasters, dryers and waste 

combustion systems have been 

increasingly accepted in many 

industries throughout the world. 

Over 800 installations have been 

put into operation. Keeler/DorrOliver has full responsibility for 

these products. 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's headquarters in Williamsport, Pa 

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Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's Circulating Fluid Bed Boiler Plant in Williamsport, Pa. 

DORR-OLIUER 

P.O. Box 548 

Williamsport, PA 17703-0548 

(717)326-3361 Telex: .841435 Bulletin No. K/O-0 3B186 
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P.18 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver's 

Fluid Bed Boiler Projects 

Name. Location 

Shamokin Area 

Industrial Corporation 

Shamokin. PA 

Steam Heat Authority 

Wilkes-Barre. PA 

Clairvivre, France 

City of 

The Standard Oil Ca (Ohio) 

Lima. OH 

Quaker State Oil 

Refining Corporation 

Newell. WV 

Keeler/Dorr-Oliver 

Williamsport. PA 

Capacity, Condition 

23.400 pph 

200 PSIG. Sat. 

60.000 pph 

150 PSIG. Sat. 

1 x 13.000 pph 

1 x 20.000 pph 

70.000 pph 

700 PSIG/705°F 

2 x 120.000 pph 

265 PSIG/525°F 

9.000 pph 

125 PSIG. Sat. 

Fuel 

Anthracite 

Mining Waste 

(Culm) 

Culm 

Coal/Wood 

Bituminous 

Coal 

Bituminous 

Coal 

Variety 

Use 

Process Steam 

Sold to Papermill 

District Heating 

District Heating 

Refinery & Chemical 

Plant Process Steam 

10.000 BPSD Lube 

Oil Refining Process 

Steam 

Pilot & Fuel 

Testing Plant 

Year of 

Start-up 

1981 

1984 

1984 

1984 

1985 

1985 

Boiler 

Model 

MKFS 

CPFS 

Special 

Type 

CPFS 

CPFS 

HCFS 

Archer Daniels Midland 

Decatur. IL 

Cedar Rapids. IA 

5 x 425,000 

1310 PSIG/900°F 

3 x 477.000 

1310 PSIG/900°F 

Bituminous 

Coal 

Com Processing 

Co-generation 

1986 HCFS 

1987 HCFS 

keeler 

DORR-OLIUER 

P.O. Box 548. Williamsport, PA 17703 

(717)326-3361