# Patent

## Title
Valve timing control

## Abstract

A valve timing control having a stator body constructed of a plastic material. The stator body has an annular side wall and a front plate which, together, define a plurality of annularly spaced internal cavities within the stator body. A rotor having a plurality of vanes is positioned within the stator body so that one vane is positioned within each cavity. The rotor is movable relative to the stator body between a first and second rotational position. A plurality of threaded metal inserts are embedded within the stator body and used to attach a metal sprocket to the stator body at a position opposed to the front plate. Two of these inserts also receive the impact load from the rotor.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a valve timing control for an internal combustion engine.
II. Description of Related Art
In order to improve engine performance as well as enhance fuel economy, many internal combustion engines utilize a valve timing control to vary the valve timing as a function of the engine operating conditions. Typically, the valve timing control includes a stator body having a plurality of annularly spaced interior cavities. A rotor having a plurality of vanes is disposed within the stator body so that one vane is positioned within each cavity of the stator body. The rotor is rotatable between a first and second rotational position relative to the stator body. Furthermore, the rotor is coupled to the camshaft which controls the opening of the engine valves. Consequently, the timing of the valve openings relative to the crankshaft may be varied by varying the relative rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator body. This relative rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator body is typically controlled hydraulically.
In order to rotatably drive the valve timing control, a sprocket is conventionally attached to the stator body and mechanically coupled to the engine crankshaft via a belt or chain. The sprocket, stator body, and rotor thus rotate in unison with each other except that the angular offset between the stator body and the rotor may be varied.
The valve timing control is subjected to a great deal of mechanical and thermal stress during operation. For example, during engine startup the valve timing control is typically not pressurized with hydraulic fluid. Consequently, the rotor freely rotates relative to the stator body and mechanically impacts the stator body for a short period of time following engine startup.
Since the valve timing control is subjected to both high mechanical and thermal stresses during operation, it has been the previous practice to construct the stator body and rotor from metal. A metal stator body is able to withstand both the mechanical impacts from the rotor as well as the thermal conditions during ordinary operation without undue expansion or warpage.
The use of metal for the valve timing control, however, can disadvantageously increase the overall cost for the valve timing control, but also the weight for the valve timing control.
In order to decrease both the cost and the weight of the valve timing control, there have been previously known efforts to utilize plastic materials for the stator body. These previously known attempts, however, have not proven wholly satisfactory.
More specifically, in one previously known valve timing control, a front plate for the stator housing was replaced with a plastic material. While this achieved some reduction in overall weight and cost for the stator housing, the overall savings in weight and cost were minimal.
The use of inexpensive plastic material for the stator housing has also proven unsuccessful. Such low cost plastic materials are simply unable to withstand the impact from the rotor, especially at engine startup. Furthermore, such plastic materials deform during the elevated temperatures present in the normal operation of the valve timing control. Such deformation of the stator housing for the valve timing control may result not only in destruction of the valve timing control, but potentially engine failure.
There are, however, certain plastic resins that are able to withstand the high temperatures present in the environment of the valve timing control without unacceptable deformation. However, these previously known plastic resins, such as PEEK, are not cost effective and do not have production feasibility.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention provides a valve timing control having a stator housing constructed of a low cost plastic and yet capable not only of withstanding the mechanical impact during operation of the valve timing control, but also able to withstand elevated operating temperatures without failure of the valve timing control.
In brief, the present invention provides a valve timing control having a stator body constructed of a plastic material. The stator body includes an annular side wall having a plurality of annularly spaced cavities and a front plate. A rotor is coaxially mounted within the stator body and includes a plurality of radially outwardly extending vanes with one vane positioned within each cavity of the stator body. The rotor, furthermore, is mechanically coupled to the camshaft for controlling the opening and closing of the engine valves. This rotor is also movable between a first and second rotational position relative to the stator housing to thereby vary the valve timing for the engine.
A plurality of threaded metal inserts are embedded in the stator body. These threaded inserts thus enable a metal sprocket to be attached to the stator body by a plurality of fasteners, such as bolts, extending through the sprocket and threadably engaging the metal inserts. Since the fastener and inserts provide a metal-to-metal engagement for securing the sprocket to the stator body, thermal distortion of the stator body during high temperature operating conditions will not affect the connection of the sprocket with the stator housing or the operation of the valve timing control.
Conventionally, only one vane of the rotor physically contacts the sides of its associated cavity in the stator body. In order to protect the stator body from impacts from the rotor, especially during engine startup, a portion of two of the inserts forms a part of the cavity wall. Consequently, during engine startup and before the cavities in the stator body are filled with hydraulic fluid, the rotor impacts not against the stator housing constructed of plastic material, but rather against the metal inserts. These metal inserts are able to withstand the impact of the rotor and protect the stator body from impact damage.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
A better understanding of the present invention will be had upon reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view illustrating the valve timing control of the present invention in its operating environment;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side view of the valve timing control;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view illustrating the valve timing control of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 4.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
With reference first to FIGS. 1-3, an exemplary valve timing control 10 according to the present invention is shown in conjunction with an internal combustion engine 12 (illustrated diagrammatically). The valve timing control 10 includes a stator body 14 having a sprocket 16 attached to one end of the stator body 14. A rotor 18 contained within the interior of the stator body 14 is mechanically coupled to a camshaft 20 which, in turn, controls the opening and closure of the engine valves in the well-known fashion. However, as will become hereinafter apparent, the rotor 18, and thus the camshaft 20, are rotatable between a first and second rotation relative to the stator body 14. This variable rotational position of the camshaft 20 relative to the stator body 14 varies the valve timing for the engine 12 relative to the crankshaft angle.
With reference now to FIGS. 2-4, the stator housing 14 includes both a front plate 22 and an annular side wall 24. As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, this annular side wall 24 forms a number of annularly spaced fluid chambers 26 within the stator body 14. The rotor 18 also includes a plurality of radially outwardly extending vanes 28 wherein each vane 28 is positioned within its associated cavity 26 and fluidly sealed to the stator body 14 by fluid seals 30.
The rotor 18 is rotatable between a first rotational position, illustrated in solid line in FIG. 4, and a second rotational position, illustrated in phantom line in FIG. 4 relative to the stator body 14. However, only one vane 28′ of the rotor 18 contacts the sides of its associated cavity 26 at each of its two extreme rotational positions relative to the stator body 14.
The valve timing control 10 thus far described is conventional in construction. However, unlike the previously known valve timing controls, in the present invention both the front plate 22 and annular side wall 24 of the stator body 14 are constructed of a low cost plastic material and preferably a plastic resin. Moreover, the front plate 22 and annular wall 24 which forms the cavities 26 for the rotor vanes 28 are of a one-piece construction and preferably formed by molding.
With reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, in order to attach the sprocket 16 to the stator body 14 and maintain sufficient mechanical strength despite thermal deformation, a plurality of internally threaded metal inserts 32 are embedded within the stator body side wall 14 at circumferentially spaced locations around the side wall 24 of the stator body 14. Preferably, one metal insert 32 is embedded in the side wall 24 between each pair of adjacent cavities 26 in the stator body 14.
With the metal inserts 32 embedded within the plastic stator body, the sprockets 16 may then be rigidly secured to the stator housing by threaded fasteners 33, such as bolts, extending through the sprocket 16 and threadably engaging the inserts 32. Consequently, even if the stator body 14 is subjected to thermal distortion, the mechanical connection between the sprockets 16 and the stator body 14 through the metal inserts 32 will remain secure.
With reference now particularly to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, in order to protect the stator body 14 from mechanical impact by the rotor 18, particularly at engine startup, two of the metal inserts 32′ each have a relatively flat surface 34 which is either flush with, or protrudes slightly outwardly from, the stator side wall walls 14 containing the rotor vane 28′. Consequently, as the rotor vane 28′ contacts the sides of its associated cavity 26, especially at engine startup, the vane 28′ contacts the sides 34 of the metal inserts 32′ rather than the plastic stator body 14 thus protecting the stator body 14 from mechanical damage. Such damage might otherwise be caused by the impact of the vane 28′ against the side walls forming the cavity 26 of the stator body 14 but for the metal inserts 32′.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention provides a valve timing control with a one piece stator body that is constructed of a lightweight, inexpensive plastic material and yet retains sufficient strength and rigidity due to the metal inserts to withstand not only the elevated operating temperatures sometimes present in its operating environment, but also able to withstand mechanical impacts from the rotor. Having described our invention, however, many modifications thereto will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains without deviation from the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A valve timing control comprising:
a stator body constructed of a plastic material, said stator body having an annular side wall and a front plate,
a plurality of threaded metal inserts embedded in said stator body,
a sprocket attached to said stator body by a plurality of fasteners extending through said sprocket and into said metal inserts,
a rotor movably mounted in said stator body between a first and second rotational position relative to said stator body, said rotor having a plurality of vanes, each vane positioned within an associated cavity in said stator body, and
wherein at least one of said vanes contacts one of said inserts when said rotor is in said first rotational position and wherein at least one of said vanes contacts a second of said inserts when said rotor is in said second rotational position.

2. The valve timing control as defined in claim 1 wherein said one of said inserts and said second of said inserts both have a flat surface open to one of said cavities.

3. The valve timing control as defined in claim 2 wherein said flat surface of said one and said second inserts lies in a radial plane of said rotor.

4. The valve timing control as defined in claim 1 wherein said stator body is formed by molding.

5. The valve timing control as defined in claim 1 wherein said plastic material comprises a plastic resin.

6. The valve timing control as defined in claim 1 wherein said stator body includes a plurality of annularly spaced cavities, each pair of annularly adjacent cavities being separated by a wall in said stator body, wherein said inserts are embedded in said walls of said stator body.

7. The valve timing control as defined in claim 1 wherein each insert is tubular and internally threaded.