United States Office ofWater Regulations Monitoring Branch Environmental Protection and StandardsiWk1661 Monitoring and Data Agency WashingtonDC20460 Support Division

### WH563 

# EPA 

# AWaterQuality 

# SuccessStory

Penobscot River

# Maine December 1960



### While this story describes progress in cleaning ep conventional pollutants such as oxygen

### demanding materials suspended solids and 

### bacteria toxic suhmtances maybe present which may require further abatement 

### actions However aquatic life is progressively returning to this

## area

One of the goals setby the water pollution abetment laws was ensuring that our industrialized rivers were fishable and

### swimmable 

## Weve spent billions tomeet these 

### goals but people still drive far from the cities for recreation in search of 

## wilderness The vanishing wilderness appears to be returning underthe bridges and behind the buildings of some ofour cities and 

### towns And the reappearance of Atlantic salmon tn the middle of a small Maine city mayhelp people to start looking again at the land and water near their homes and

## offices

Lawrence

# ADeCoster New England Regional Manager American Forest Institute



### June 1978 was a bright month in a bright year for residents andvisitors in the Bangor area of the 270 mile

### long Penobscot River Valley inEastern 

### Maine

In the warm summerdays of that

### year oldtimers saw the Penobscot River as it was in the days oftheir

### youth and younger people sawa river that at leastapproached the description of the once farcleaner stream described bytheir

### ancestors

It 

### wasnt just that the sparkle had returned to the 

### Penobscots surface waters as it flowed to the Atlantic 

### Ocean and it 

### wasnt the fact that nflorsassociated With the river for decades had dieappeared

# 2

It was the fishermen lining its 

### banks bobbing up and down in boats and canoes in the rips and currents of the 

### river More than anything else it was the flashes of

### silver the targets oftheir whipping 

### lures For after an absence of four

### decades Atlantic salmon had finally returned to the once highly polluted

### Penobscot

There were moderate indications in 1976 and 1977 that the massive effort to restore the 

### Penobscots water qualitywas 

### working but in the Bangor area in 1978 therewas no doubt about 

## it Nearly 100 Atlantic salmon werecaught inJune around the Bangor Salmon Pool facing the Bangor Salmon 

### Club On a singleday late in that 

### month 28 salmon were landed byjubilant anglers and the total rod and reel catch for the 1978 season in the Bangor area was estimated at

## 400

The salmon pool and its adjacent waters held no monopolyon the 

### action for the salmon moved upalong Kenduskeag 

### Stream a small tributary that threads its way through the heart of 

### Bangors business 

### district And among the enthusiastic spectators lining bridges and retaining walls to watch Atlantic salmon being taken from the Kenduskeag were many older people who saw this return as an event that had occurred against all reasonable 

## odds

CONDITIONS ALONG THE PENOBSCOT RIVER IN THE PAST
The LumberIndustry Writing about his travels in Maine during the mid

### nineteenth century Henry David Thoreau noted 

### there are over 250 sawmills on the Penobscot River and its tributaries above

## Bangor
Since its earliest days the economy of the Penobscot River 

### Valley an area rich in timber

### resources hasbeen based on forest 

### products initially 

### lumber and since the late nineteenth 

### century pulp and paper 

### making By

### 1860 Bangor was the largest lumberexporting port in the 

### world and the Penobscot River Valley was the 

### worlds leading supplierofwhite 

### pine producing two hundred millionboard feet of lumber

### annually Other lumber

### producing areas in the United States at that time produced only halfas

## much

Most ofthis lumber was exported but some went into building cargo

### carrying vessels for

### Americas merchant

### marine considered to be the best and largest in the world during that 

### period At least half of the 

### nations merchant fleet was constructed in Maine 

### shipyards According to Maine shipbuilding authority Lincoln 

### Colcord anywhere from one to two thousand vessels ofall sizes were built along the Penobscot River between 1773 and 

### 1861

These 

### activities however eventually caused serious environmental 

### damage along the 

### Penobscot

# 3 IJ25067

QUEBEC 

### CANADA

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

# I uliflinArLat 41



# MAINE Penobscot River 

# 1

Kendoskeag7

Stream NI

s

NOTEMapdoes notshowthe entireState ofMainebut rather onlythatportion which includes thePenobscot RiverBasin Howland

Old

### Town

Bradley

Orono

Brewer Lincoln

Vole Bangor

Buckspott



### ATLANTIC

## OCEAN Penobscot River Main Stem

Penobscot Basin Boundary AleMMETMi
4 =MIMa

Having discovered that rocks and shallows and the 

### rivers unpredictable rates of flowheld up the spring and summerlog drives to the sawmills

## often byasmuch as one year

# the lumber interests constructed dams along the river to control the amount ofwater in the Penobscot and to ensure anadequate rate of flow for its log 

### drives The logs reached the sawmillson time but the dams impeded the migration patterns of the 

### riversthriving population ofAtlantic 

### salmon blocking their spawning runs 

### upstream

# 4

Sawmill 

### wastes sawdust and 

### bark went directly into the river where they settled on the

### bottom Sawdust 

### deposits sometimes several feet

## deep smothered bottom dwelling 

### invertebrates the primaryfood for most of the fish in the 

### Penobscot and also smothered fish breeding 

### areas preventing these species from

### reproducing
Along with 

### sawdust bark from the bank

## tobank traffic of long logs to the sawmills also sank to the bottom where it 

### rotted reducing the dissolved oxygen in the waterwhich fish and aquatic life need to breathe and 

### live

The Pulp and Paper Industry
By the late nineteenth 

### century the sulfite chemical process had made it possible to use 

### resinous soft woods to manufacture pulp necessary to make 

### paper This discovery gave the Penobscot River Valley a tremendous economic advantage because the spruce and fir trees in its forests are ideal formaking 

### pulp
Maine became a leading pulp and paper 

### producer and much of this manufacturing was located along the Penobscot River at sites used forwater powerand process

### water The first pulp and paper millsapeared on the river in 

### 1882 and several other millswere operating by 

### 1889 producing a daily total of

### 470000 pounds of pulp and

## 80000 pounds of

### paper
Like the lumber industries in the 

### past the mills built or maintained dams along the Penobscot to provide power and an even flow of water to transport pulp wood to the 

### mills These impoundments further restricted the migrationand spawning patterns of the 

### Penobscots fisheries 

### resource

In

### addition the high biochemical oxygen demand

# BODa

measure of the organic matter in waterwhich consumes oxygen during biological processes that break it down

### characteristic of pulp and papermaking discharges further lowered the 

### rivers dissolved oxygen 

### levels often beyond the survival point of the 

### fish The 

### Penobscots other sport and commercial fish

# shad alewives smelt and striped bass

## which managed to enter the 

### river wereoften killed by toxic chemicals in the mill 

### effluents

Pollution Along the Penobscot River in the Twentieth Century

As recently as 

### 1967 the Penobscot River received the untreated wastes ofapproximately 

### 32000 people living in

### Millinocket East 

### Millinocket Lincoln Howland Hampden Bucksport Milford Orono Veazie and Old 

### Town Aprimary treatment plant at 

### Bangor the first municipal treatment facility along the 

### river became operational in 

### 1968 The Bangor 

### plant however provided inadequate treatment for domestic wastes from that 

### citys 33000 residents
During this 

### period the Penobscot also received untreated industrial wastes discharged 

### nonstop from seven pulp and paper mills at 

### Nillinocket East 

### Millinocket Lincoln Brewer Bucksport

# 5

and at Old

### Town where two millswere 

### located These discharges contained spent pulping liquor from the Kraft and sulfite 

### processes and process waters containing fiber fillers and 

### coatings Many of these wastes had extremely high concentrations ofsuspended 

### solids
According to water monitoring studies conducted by the State of Maine Water Improvement Commissionin 

### 1964 the pollution loading placed on the entire Penobscot River In terms of BOD was one million pounds per

## day or the equivalent untreated domestic sewage load produced inone day by about 

## 5000000 people These studies also showed that dissolved oxygen levels were depressed to levels as 

### low
as zero along parts of the

### Penobscot Maines water quality standard fordissolved oxygen in these waters is at least 5 parts per

### million

In view of thisgross environmental 

### degradation the Commission rated the Penobscot River as a Class D 

### Stream which only required that the odor not cause a 

### nuisance

The loss of Atlantic 

### salmon the 

### Penobscots most valued commercial 

### species presents a clear picture of the heavy toll exacted over the years by the lumber and pulp and paper making 

### processes Records dating back to the 

### 1850s show that commercial fishermen caught approximately 

## 25000 salmon 

### annually By 

### 1875 the annual salmon catch had dropped to

## 15000 to 

### 12000 between 1373 and 

### 1900 and to

## 2500 in 

### 1910 In 

### 1947 the last year commercial fishing was

### allowed the commercial catch from the Penobscot was 40 salmon caught on 

## rod Between 1957 and 

### 1967 no Atlantic salmon were taken from the 

### Penobscot
By

### then the quantity of 

### shad alewives striped bass and smelt in these waters was also severely 

### reduced

It was zero hour for the Penobscot 

### River Trash foam and stinking paper mill sludge 

### rafts the byproducts of industrial and municipal pollution floated downstream orlodged on the 

### shoreline And because of these nuisance 

### conditions the river

## which had been used less and lessfor recreation since 1890

# was avoided by 

### boaters fishermen and nature 

### lovers

LOCAL STATE AND FEDERAL CLEANUP ACTIONS

In 

### 1967 the Maine Legislature enacted Title

## 38 Section 

## 451 the Maine Revised Statutes 

### Annotated This legislation required that water quality standards be assigned to 

### Maines waterways and made it illegal to discharge any material into a state waterway which lowered water quality belowan assigned water quality 

### classification
Acting under this

### authority Maines Water and Air Improvement Commissiondeveloped water quality standards and submitted a classification system for all of

### Maines waters to the State 

### Legislature The Commissionthen reclassified the Penobscot Rivei as a Class Cwaterway

## suitable for all water contact recreation

# 6

except 

### swimming an excellent fish and wildlife 

### habitat and acceptable forwater supplyafter treatmentand 

### disinfection The Commissionthen issued licenses to all the industries and municipalities along the 

### river requiring that they

### construct operate and maintain pollution abatement facilities by 1976 and that construction be started by 

### 1973
Responding to the State of

### Maines requirement that Class C water quality be achieved along the Penobscot 

### River the Great Northern Paper 

### Company the biggest industrial discharger to the Upper Penobscot 

### River was the first industry to achieve major water quality

### improvements
According to Great Northern Paper Company Environmental ProtectIon Supervisor Patrick

# H Welch 

## In 1969 we initiated process changes to our pulp and paper making facilities by constructing a sulfite recovery process at our Millinocket 

## mill We also discontinued the 

### ChemiGroundwood pulping process which discharged large quantities oforganic oxygen

### demanding process wastes to the river at our East Millinocket 

## mill 

## In 1972 the company constructed a primarywaste treatment plant at the Millinocket 

### mill This facility removes all settleable 

### solids and 80 to90 percent of suspended solids from the

## mills waste

### waters 

# By the end of

## 1972 Welch 

### says

## we discontinued our log drives on the

### Penobscot Since 

### then we get our softwood logsby rail or

### truck We now have 

### fresher higherqualitywood because the time between cutting it and shipping it to the mill has been cut 

### considerably 

## Then in

## 1975 Welch 

### continues 

## we constructed a primary waste treatment plant at our East Millinocket 

## mill Like thp primary plant at 

### Millinocket this facility also removes all settleable 

### solids and 80 to 90 percent of suspended solids from this

## millswaste

### water 

## FinallyWelch 

### says

## in 1976 we constructed an aerated secondary waste treatment plant at both the Millinocket and East Millinocket 

### mills These secondary facilities receive the treated effluent from the primary plants and remove 60 to 90 percent of the BOO in theirdischarges to the Penobscot 

## River

The annual cost ofoperating Great 

### Northerns primary and secondary treatment plants is

## $55 million The 

### companys total cost for

### inhouse waste treatment facilities constructed between 1969 and 1976 is

## $345 million 

## This substantial investment in water quality improvement has really paid

# offWelch 

### emphasizes Before 1969 the overall BOD loading to the Upper Penobscot River from the Great Northern Paper Company mills was 

### 400000 pounds per

## day By

### 1970 it had dropped to 

### 100000 pounds per

## day and to 

### 35000 pounds per

## day or

### less after

### 1976 depending on seasonal 

### conditions

# 7

Because of our cleanup 

### efforts there have also been significant reductions oftotal suspended solids in our treated discharges to the 

## riverWelch 

### concludes Before 1972 the Great Northern Paper Company discharged 

### 160000 pounds per dayof total suspended solids to the 

### Penobscot After 

### 1972 when our primary facility at Millinocket went on

## line the companydischarged

## 80000 pounds per day to these

### waters then 

## 50000 pounds per day after 

### 1975 After 

### 1976 the amount of total suspended solids to the river fromour manufacturing operations dropped to

### 34000 pounds per

## day

or

## less depending on seasonal

## conditions
Starting in 

### 1973 the five other pulp and paper millsalong the Penobscot spent nearly$50 million to construct pollution control systems to provide clarification 

### reducing the concentration of suspended matter in

## water and aeration 

### using oxygen to break down organic

## wastes As construction 

### progressed state water quality representatives met with 

### industry offered recommendations and technical 

### advice and verified that compliance schedules were

## met

All ofthese industrial treatment facilities were on line by 

### 1976 with the exception of Lincoln Pulp and 

### Paper which was a few months 

## late
During this 

### period the state Water and Air Improvement 

## Commissionknown after 1969 as the Environmental Laprovement Commission

## and since 

### 1972 as the Maine Department of Environmental Protection 

## DEPdeveloped a monitoring program to ensure that these abatement actions were improving the 

### Penobscots water 

### quality State water qualityexperts monitored the 

### rivers water quality and the quality of industrial and municipal discharges to determine if 

### Maines standards were being 

## met Concurrently state technical specialists conducted 

### longterm planning studies to determine the need for future municipal and industrial waste 

### treatment based on projected population and industrial growth in the Penobscot River 

### Valley

In 

### 1968 the Federal Water Pollution Control 

### Administration the predecessor agency to the

# US Environmental Protection Agency 

# EPA awarded the Town ofOrono

## $14 million to construct a conventional activated sludge secondary treatment plant designed to provide treatment for

## 18 milliongallons per day

# MGD of

### Oronos municipal 

### wastes On line in 

### 1970 this facility removes 85 percent of the BOD and suspended solids in its discharges to the Penobscot 

### River

On October

# 1 1972 Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 which overhauled previous water quality legislation and began the most comprehensive program of water pollution control in the

### nations history bymandating a sweeping federal and state effort to clean up the

### nations rivers and 

### lakes

# 8

Acting under Section 201 of the landmark 1972 Water

## Act between 1973 and 1979 the EPA awarded a total of$14 million to the communities of 

### Brewer Old

## Town HilfordMillinocket and the Town of Lincoln Sanitary District to construct three conventional activated sludge secondary treatment plants which remove 85 to 90 percent of the BOD and suspended solids in their

### discharges an aerated 

### lagoon and ancillary equipment such as sewer interceptor 

### systems pumping stations and force 

### mains

With one 

### exception these facilities were on line in 

### 1978 The treatment facility under construction at the Lincoln Sanitary District

# a 107 MOD capacity activated sludge secondary treatment plant

# is projected to be on line in late 

### 1981 Finallyat thiswriting the EPA is about to award the Cityof Bangor

## $15 million to construct the Penobscot Interceptor Sewer System to divert untreated wastes presently being discharged to the Penobscot River through the 

### citys existing primary treatment 

### plant This system is expected to go on line in 

### 1982

The 

## EPA in

### addition recently funded several Facilities Planning Studies under Section 201 of the 1972Water 

## Act

Between 1976 and 

### 1979 the EPAawarded the communities of 

### Bradley Veazie Howland Buckspore Mattawamkeag Orono Hampden and East Millinocket a total of

### $272500 to find alternative treatment methods to prevent the discharge of untreated wastes to the Penobscot 

### River Then in March 

### 1979 the EPAawarded the City of Bangor

### $111000 to conduct a Section 201 FacilitiesPlanning Study todetermine best methods for updating that

## citys present primary treatment plant to secondary

### status Once 

### Bangors updated secondary treatment facility and the Penobscot Interceptor Sewer System are constructed and

### operational municipal wastes from the Towns of Hampden and Veazie will be diverted to the Bangor waste treatment

### system
Section 402 of the 1972 Water Act established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

# NPDES Implemented by the EPAand the 

### states this system defines the requirements for developing permitswhich regulate the discharge of pollutants into the

### nations waterways
Acting underthis

### authority the Maine DEP identified each industrial and municipal polluteralong the Penobscot River and recommended appropriate cleanup 

### actions

Between 1978 and 

### 1979 the EPA and the DEP issued permits under the NPDES Program to five majorindustrial dischargers and eight minor industrial dischargers along the Penobscot 

### River During the same

### period the EPA and the DEPalso issued NPDES permits to eight major municipal dischargers and to five minormunicipal dischargers along the 

### river

# 9

FISHWAY CONSTRUCTION ALONG THE PENOBSCOT

In 

### 1965 Congress passed the Anadromous Fish Conservation Act which made federal assistance available to restore anadromous fish 

### species which spawn in fresh 

### water butgrowand mature in salt 

## water Funds were not made available until 

### 1968

Between 1968 and 

### 1977 the Maine Atlantic Sea

## Run Salmon Commissionunder a cooperative agreement with the

# US Department of the 

### Interiors Fish and Wildlife Service and the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife worked to restore the 

### Penobscots Atlantic 

### salmon alewife smelt and shad

### fisheries

Funds provided by the

# US Fish and Wildlife Service under the authority ofthe 1965

## Act and matched by the dam

### owners allowed fishways to be constructed at each of the obstructions along the Penobscot to give the 

### rivers anadromous fish access to ancestral spawning and nursery areas as far upstream as Mattagammon Lake on the 

### Penobscots East 

### Branch Fishways were also constructed along the Piscataquis 

### River a majortributary to the 

### Penobscot During this construction 

## period says Atlantic Sea

## Run Salmon CommissionChief Biologist Alfred 

### Meister

## the Salmon Commission collected a brood stock of Atlantic salmon and stocked the Penobscot with juvenile salmon reared by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheriesand 

### Wildlife and the

# U Fish and Wildlife Service in state and federal 

### hatcheries
Because of this

## tenyear state and federal 

### program increasing numbers ofanadromous fish have returned Co the 

## Penobscot Meister 

### concludes 

## The rivers fisheries have improved in populations of Atlantic salmon and alewives and now support a sport 

### fishery However shad eggs have been largely unavailable and restocking the Penobscot with thisspecies has not been as 

## extensive
Launching the salmon restoration programduring the years when the Penobscot was still polluted was possible because salmon smolt 

### young salmon at the migratory

### stage migrate immediately to the ocean during the spring oftheir release and remain there for two years before returning to fresh

### water Returns of salmon from these early catches were netted at Bangor and atVeazie just north of 

### Bangor then stripped of theireggs for

### hatching The smoltwere then restocked and the cycle was

### resumed By the mid

## 1970s water quality improved to the point that salmon could make it on their own upriver to 

### spawn Some salmon are still trapped and 

### stripped however to keep the hatchery program

### going

# 10

NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION CLEANUP ACTIONS ALONG THE PENOBSCOT
According to state water quality 

### experts pollution from nonpoint sources

# forexample agriculturecould be a remaining problem along the Penobscot 

### River

In early 

### 1976 the EPAawarded the DEP 

### $405000 to develop Section 208 water qualitymanagement plans for 

### Maines previously non

### designated areas During 

### November 1976 the DEPawarded the Penobscot Valley Regional Planning Commission

### $87864 fromthese funds to develop a Section 208 non

### designated water quality management plan to identify and assess land uses in the organized townships lying within the Penobscot River Basin which were impacting water qualitybyother than point source 

### discharges
The 

### Commissionsnonpoint assessment centered primarilyon 

### agriculture private waste 

### disposal solid and residual waste 

### disposal and silviculture 

### activities related to the care and development of

## forests The 

### Commissionsstaff representatives identified existing and potential regulatory programsand agencies that were best suited to control specific cases of land use which the Commission identified as impacting water quality in the Penobscot River 

### Basin

Based on the results ofthese

### assessments the Commission has made recommendations to the DEP

### which if 

### implemented will have a positive effect on the water quality of the lakes and tributary streams along the Penobscot 

### River The bulk of the 

### Commissions recommendations center on improved and increased enforcement of existing regulations and 

### technology ratherthan on developing new 

### regulations
The Maine DEP is currently implementing portions ofthe 

### Commissionsrecommendations
RESULTS
According to DEP Bureau of Water Quality Control Director Stephen

# W Groves

## as adirect result of combined 

### local state and federal cleanup 

### actions the Penobscot River had improved by 1977 to the point that the entire river metorexceeded 

### Maines Class C water quality

### standard


## Ourmonitoring studies conducted that year showed that the overall BOO loading to these waters had dropped fromthe one million

### pound

## perdayload recorded in 1964 to approximately 

### 200000 pounds per

## day an impressive 80 percent reduction achieved between 1969 and 

### 1977 We project that the BOO loading to the river will drop even lower

# to 100000 pounds perday in 

### 1983



## moreover Groves 

### saysduring the same

### period dissolved oxygen levels along the entire Penobscot rose from the zero levels recorded along portions of the river in 1964 to 5 parts per

### million
or even 

### greater along the entire 

## PenobscotWith water quality improving visibly along thisonce highly degraded 

### stream and encouraged by the return of sport and commercial fish to these

### waters fishermen in large numbers concentrate on the Penobscot to catch 

### alewives smelt striped bass

# and especially Atlantic 

### salmon 

## Fantastics the onlyword I can find to describe the 1978 Atlantic salmon season at the Bangor Salmon

# Pool says Roger 

## DErrico former president of the Sunkhaze StreamChapter of Trout 

### Unlimited 

## In 1978 we put 343 Atlantic salmon on the record 

## books adds 

### DErrico who also chairs the Penobscot Salmon 

### Clubs Historic 

### Committee 

## The Atlantic Sea

## Run Salmon Commissionestimated that a total of

## 2000 adult salmon moved upriver in 

### 1978 and predicted that the salmon run at the Bangor Salmon Pool would continue to 

## improve

For reasons yet to be 

### explained 1979 was a comparatively poor year for taking Atlantic 

### salmon 

## But in

## 1980 DErrico says

# a rod count in the neighborhood of

## 1000 was recorded in the Bangor and nearby Veazie

## areas

Are the record catches of Atlantic salmon from the Penobscot River a

### onetime thing Definitely

# not says the Atlantic Sea

## Run Salmon 

### Commissions Alfred 

### Meister Right

## nowwere stocking salmon each year in the Penobscot River

### Watershed These salmon come primarily from the new Green Lake National FishHatchery near Ellsworth recently constructed at a cost of $7 

### million It is the largest Atlantic salmon hatchery in the world and we plan to stock 

## 40000 to 

### 500000 salmon ayear from this

### facility Currently we have fishways in all majordams on the Penobscot so that fish have access to spawning and nursery areas in the

## headwaters

Just a few short years

## ago boaters and canoers stayed away from the Penobscot for fear of fouling their craft with waterborne 

### filth Now

### theyre returning along with other recreational enthusiasts who welcome the fact that the obnoxious stink of sludge rafts along these waters no longer degrades the river and its 

### shores Picnickers and hikers areenjoying the land along the Penobscot and people are buying riverfront homes and property for summer or permanent 

### residency
Water cleanup has also brought Maine some healthy construction 

## payrolls says

### Groves Contractors estimate that labor costs represent about 30 percent of the construction 

### dollar Aquick computation based on thisassumption shows that construction workers along the Penobscot River and other Maine waterways have earned about $200 million fromjoint state and EPAwater cleanup 

### programs

# 12

Inaddition Groves 

### concludes construction of treatment plants and other waste treatment systems has created many 

### new permanent jobs in the Penobscot River 

### Valley More than 375 people in Maine

# at least 20 of them work today in the valley

# have been processed by the treatment plant 

### operators programs and most of them have graduated from Southern and Eastern Maine vocational technical 

## schools

Success stories in

### print
Buffalo 

### River NewYork Beaver 

### Creek Tennessee Chena River and Noyes Slough



### Fairbanks Alaska Deerfield 

### River Massachusetts Detroit 

### River Michigan Dillon Reservoir Colorado

Rocky Mountains Escambia 

## Bay Florida Grove and Center 

### Creeks Missouri Hackensack River and Its



### Meadowlands New Jersey Haley

### Pond Maine Kodiak 

### Harbor Alaska Lake 

### Minnetonka Minnesota Lower Houston Ship Channel and

Galveston 

## Bay Texas Mohawk 

### River NewYork Monongahela 

### River West Virginia

and Pennsylvania Naugatuck and Lower Housatonic



### Rivers Connecticut Neches River Tidal 

### Area Texas Ogden

## Bay Great Salt

## Lake

Utah Pearl River near

### Bogalusa

Louisana Pemigewasset 

### River New Hampshire Penobscot 

### River Maine Roseberry 

### Creek Alabama Sope 

### Creek Cobb 

### County Georgia 

## St Johns 

### River Florida 

## St Petersburg Florida Westfield 

### River Massachusetts Willamette River Oregon Yellowstone National 

### Park

Wyoming