Chrysanthemum White Rust Eradication Protocol for 

Nurseries Containing Plants Infected with Puccinia

horiana Henn.

Photo: Daniel J. Kepich, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Bugwood.org

United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protection and Quarantine
i

CONTENTS

Section and Topic Page

I. Introduction.........................................................................................................1

 

II. Intended Use........................................................................................................1

III. Definitions............................................................................................................1

 

IV. Trigger Events for Use of Protocol....................................................................2

 

V. Regulatory Authority...........................................................................................2

 

VI. Confirmation/Communication/Notification.......................................................2

 

VII. Annual Nursery Survey.......................................................................................4

VIII. Nursery with Infected Plants..............................................................................4 

IX. Environmental Survey........................................................................................ 8

X. References...........................................................................................................8 

 

 
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TABLE

Table Number Topic Page

Table 1. Current USDA-APHIS-PPQ Chrysanthemum White Rust Program Contacts...3
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APPENDICES

Appendix Number Topic Page

Appendix I: Cut Flower and Plant Hosts of Chrysanthemum White Rust.............9

 

Appendix II: Management Practices for Growing CWR-free Host Plants ............10

 

Appendix III: Prohibited Articles..................................................................12

Appendix IV: Chrysanthemum Facility Routine Inspection Report........................13

Appendix V: Chrysanthemum White Rust Regulatory Incidence Form .................15

Appendix VI: Destruction and Disposal of Infected Plant Material.......................23

 
1

I. Introduction

Puccinia horiana Henn. is the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust (CWR), an

obligatory parasite which only grows and reproduces on select species of 3 genera in

the plant family Asteraceae (Appendix I). In countries where it is known to occur, CWR

is a serious disease in nurseries. There are best management practices, including the 

use of proper cultural techniques, scouting for disease symptoms, sanitation, fungicide 

applications, and worker training/education can manage this disease (Appendix II). It 

may cause a complete loss of commercial chrysanthemum crops. The disease is

indigenous to Japan, where it was first noted in 1895. It remained confined to Japan

and China until 1963. Since 1964, P. horiana has spread rapidly on infected shipments

of cut flowers and has become established in the Far East, Europe, Africa, Australia,

Central America, and South America.

Detections of CWR on cut flowers imported to the United States from various countries

where the disease is known to occur initiated The United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plant 

Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) decision to place administrative restrictions on cut

flowers hosts of CWR. Plants for propagation, as well as cut flowers are considered

primary pathways for the introduction of CWR. Due to the risk of introducing CWR from

countries where the disease is known to occur, APHIS regulates the entry of CWR host

plants and cut flowers (Appendix III).

II. Intended Use

CWR detections catalyzed the need for a standard protocol for use by State and Federal

regulators to respond to new finds of CWR in nurseries in the United States. To ensure 

that there is consistency in responding to new infections of CWR, this eradication

protocol describes the official activities performed within affected nurseries by PPQ in

cooperation with State and County agriculture regulatory officials.

The goal of this protocol is to ensure that all infections are effectively and consistently

addressed and eradicated. Early detection and reporting of potential CWR infections

are critical to ensure that spread is contained and eradicated. The strategies employed

in this protocol are similar to those utilized in Canada, the European Union, and other

areas where CWR is under eradication.

III. Definitions

Containment Facility: A structure whose purpose is to prevent escape of material held

within it, into the environment.

Emergency Action Notification (EAN): A Federal document stating notice under which

emergency action will be taken to eliminate or mitigate pest risk; stipulations are binding

until notice is rescinded by issuing authorities. Penalties may apply for violations of the

stipulations of the EAN. An EAN is issued under Federal authorities.

Exposed Plants: Host plants located within a 1-meter radius of infected plants, or as

deemed appropriate after an assessment of the infected area and surrounding plants.
2

Free From: Of a consignment, field or place of production, without pests (or a specific

pest) in numbers or quantities that can be detected by the application of phytosanitary

procedures. (FAO,1996).

Hold Order: A signed official document or verbal order given by State plant regulatory

officials, requiring that plant material suspected to be infected with CWR be held on site.

Additional stipulation(s) may apply to hold order. This type of order is usually used while 

awaiting results of a suspect CWR sample and/or the issuance of an EAN.

Host Free: A place of production such as single plot, single green house or entire

nursery without host material, including all host plants, leaves, roots, stems, flowers,

host tissue debris, and sprouts of host plants.

Infected Plants: Plants infected with Puccinia horiana Henn.

Nursery: Any location where CWR host plants and flowers are grown, propagated,

stored, or sold.

Nursery/Facility Quarantine: Official confinement of plants or plant products subject to

phytosanitary regulations for observation and research or for farther inspection, testing

and/or treatment (FAO, 1996). During this period, the movement of host plants is

regulated to eliminate or contain the movement of the pest. The quarantine period

begins with the confirmation of CWR and continues until inspection, sampling, and

testing reveals no further CWR within the regulated block or area. The quarantine may

be communicated by an official hold order or EAN. A facility is not released from

quarantine until all orders have been satisfied and officially rescinded.

Parallel Regulation: A parallel regulation is one which is imposed by a State or local

plant regulatory authority and is substantially the same as a Federal regulation.

Regulated Area: An area, County, State, or portion of a State, in which nurseries

produce and move CWR host plants, plant parts, or cut flowers of host plants that have

been placed under specific regulations governing movement of said plants or plant parts

due to CWR.

Suspected Infected Plants: Plants with visible symptoms suspected to be caused by P.

horiana infection but not yet confirmed positive for CWR by Federal or State officials.

IV.Trigger Events for Use of Protocol

This protocol should be implemented by PPQ and/or State plant regulatory cooperators

when the presence of CWR has been detected.

V. Regulatory Authority

CWR is a pest of quarantine significance requiring appropriate regulatory measures

when found [Title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 319].

VI.Confirmation/Communication/Notification

When a suspected CWR detection is located, the inspector should immediately notify the 

State Plant Health Director (SPHD) and the State Regulatory Official (SPRO) of the
3

State in which the suspected CWR detection is located. 

Suspect samples must be confirmed by the PPQ National Specialist/Mycology.

Send samples to:

Dr. John M. McKemy and Dr. Megan Romberg

National Specialist/Mycology

USDA-APHIS-PPQ NIS 

Rm. 324, Bldg. 010A, BARC-West

10300 Baltimore Avenue

Beltsville, MD 20705

Phone: (301) 313-9390 or (301) 313-9391

Important notes:

1. A completed “PPQ Form 391-Specimen for Determination” must be submitted

with the suspect sample. Link to form:

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/library/forms/pdf/PPQ_Form_391.pdf

2. Prior to shipping samples, submitters should contact PPQ’s Domestic 

Diagnostic Coordinator by email:

 PPQ.Domestic.Diagnostic.Coordinator@usda.gov

3. In the email, include the tracking number and the number of samples being 

shipped and attach an electronic copy of PPQ Form 391(s).

4. Ship via overnight express courier (FedEx, UPS, etc.) Monday through 

Thursday (DO NOT SHIP ON FRIDAY)

PPQ will notify the SPRO and the SPHD email when the identification is final.

Table 1. Current USDA-APHIS-PPQ Chrysanthemum White Rust Program Contacts

Title Name Phone Number Email

National Policy Manager Lynn Evans-Goldner 301-851-2286 Lynn.Evans-Goldner@usda.gov

National Operations Manager Sylvia Shadman-Adoloph 970-494-7517 Sylvia.A.Shadman-Adolpho@usda.gov

S&T Trang Vo 301-851-2249 Trang.T.Vo@usda.gov

Diagnostic Authority Megan Romberg 301-313-9390 Megan.Romberg@usda.gov

Diagnostic Authority John McKemy 301-313-9391 John.McKemy@usda.gov

Domestic Diagnostic Coordinator Stephen Bullington 301-851-2115 Stephen.Bullington@usda.gov
4

VII. Annual Nursery Survey

All nurseries handling CWR host material should be periodically surveyed for CWR

(Appendix IV). In areas where CWR has been known to occur, two surveys should be 

conducted per year by trained personnel during periods of symptomatic expression. 

Survey results must be added to a national database. Historically, the National

Agricultural Pest Information System (NAPIS) database has been used.

VIII. Nursery with Infected Plants

If CWR is detected in a nursery, collection of the information outlined on the CWR 

regulatory incidence form (Appendix V) will be useful for trace-back or trace-forward

investigations.

A. Emergency Action Notices

An EAN will be issued to the infected nursery. States may issue a hold 

notice. The EAN will remain in place until the nursery has satisfactorily

completed the required sanitation measures. Prior to issuance of any

notice, the inspector will evaluate the exposure level of all areas of the

nursery and determine areas for inclusion/exclusion under the EAN. This

evaluation will clarify the status of the areas at-risk that will be regulated,

and determine the required sanitation measures for plants, cut flowers, and

other products. Many nurseries have numerous growing areas; some are 

divided by walls; some are under the same roof but divided by space;

some are divided by long distance within the grounds of the nursery. 

These and other factors may be included in the evaluation of the potential

spread and extent of the disease.

B. Emergency Actions

1. The EAN will define treatments and required sanitation measures. Host 

plants within the nursery, for sale or under propagation, will be

inspected. Plants placed under EAN may not be removed from the 

nursery, from any holding area within the nursery, or moved within the

nursery until they are found to be (1) free of P. horiana, or (2) until the

nursery is officially declared free from P. horiana and removed from

quarantine status, and/or (3) unless specifically approved by a State or

Federal regulatory official.

2. Samples taken from suspected infected plants must be submitted to

State or Federal identification authorities. The final confirmation must

be made by the PPQ National Specialist/Mycology.

3. Trace forward Investigations will be initiated. Identify shipments made

prior to the discovery of P. horiana. Notify your PPQ Field Operations 

Office of all interstate shipments made within the 15 days prior to the 

first positive detection of P. horiana at the nursery. This includes all

hosts plants in the nursery, not just those found infected.

4. Trace back investigations will be conducted to determine the origin of all
5

infected hosts. Trace back the plants to point of origin (propagator).

Trace back nurseries should be inspected and results provided to the

relevant regulatory officials. Determine all sources of other CWR host

plants that have been introduced into the facility within the past eight

weeks. This may include propagative and non-propagative material,

including potted plants, cut flowers for floral arrangements, cuttings,

and vendor samples. Include such information in trace backs as 

determined necessary.

5. Record the location of any cull piles that may be contaminated with

infected plant material. Check all cull piles for symptomatic plants 

and plant material and sample if detected. Determine how the 

nursery disposes of culled plant material.

6. Determine if equipment used at this nursery is shared with other

facilities or field areas. Are equipment sanitation procedures in place

at this nursery?

7. Determine if fungicides are used on host plants at the nursery. If

fungicides were used, then record the date, material, amount and

application rate.

C. Eradication

All host plants within a nursery with infected plants will not be allowed to be 

moved for sale or to any other nursery until the infected nursery has been 

declared CWR-free. Within a nursery, all the infected plants showing

symptoms as well as plants located within 1-meter radius of the infected

plants shall be destroyed. All remaining host plants must receive three

applications of myclobutanil or other fungicide with curative properties that 

are labelled for use for CWR at 5-7 day (preferably 5-day) intervals. To 

eradicate CWR it is preferable to apply myclobutanil or other fungicides 

with curative properties at 5-7 day (preferably 5-day) intervals. If the 

products labels do not permit the 5-7 day treatment interval, then an 

Environmental Protection Agency Section 18 Emergency Exemption 

Request is a tool that can be used by States to obtain an exemption. A fall 

back option is to apply fungicides labelled for use to control CWR at the 

label rate. An inspection of all plants must be conducted between each 

application. Any infected plants as well as plants located within a 1-meter

radius must be destroyed. The final inspection must be performed 5-7 days 

after the third fungicidal application. If no signs of CWR are detected in the 

final inspection, plants will be released and the facility will be declared

CWR-free.

If CWR infections are detected during the final inspection, regulatory

officials will assess the situation and determine remedial measures,

including destruction of all CWR host material as well as instituting an 8-

week host-free period at the nursery. An alternative to the 8-week host-free 

period is steam treatment of the nursery beds.
6

All costs associated with treatments and/or destruction shall be the

responsibility of the owners of the infected CWR nursery. The treatments

and destruction of host material will be monitored by the regulatory

officials or their designee.

Sanitary measures include but are not limited to:

• Bagging of plant debris in the nursery and removal using

approved disposal methods;

• Proper decontamination of tools and personnel moving between

blocks, growing areas, greenhouses, and growing units, 

depending upon structure of the facility and other risk factors.

Destruction methods for infested plants include: (refer to Appendix VI)

• Incineration

• Burial

• Steam sterilization

• Composting as outlined in the California codified Integrated

Waste Management Board regulations.

D. Cut Flowers

Nurseries growing plants for shipment as cut flowers will follow treatments

and inspections for eradications (see VIII C above). However, after each

fungicidal treatment, regulatory officials will assess if cut flowers can be

harvested and sold. If the inspector determines that cut flowers can be

harvested, the following conditions will apply:

1. 100% of the ready to harvest cut flowers will be inspected by regulatory

officials before the flowers are cut.

2. Ready to harvest cut flowers with symptoms of CWR and any plants

within 1 meter of infected plants shall be destroyed.

3. Remaining cut flowers without CWR symptoms may be harvested and

sold until the next fungicidal treatment and assessment.

The cut flowers may not be used for propagative purposes. It is

recommended that cut flowers do not go to retail establishments that have a 

floral shop attached to a facility where CWR host plants are produced.

A buyer who has a floral shop connected to a host plant production facility

risks infecting their host crop(s). If symptomatic plants are still found, after

three applications of myclobutanil on the remaining plants, the inspector may

also require appropriate mitigation measures such as an 8-week

host-free period or steam sterilization (see section VIII C above).
7

E. Alternative Treatments

In lieu of the treatments and inspections outlined in VIII C and VIII D above, 

a nursery may voluntarily destroy all CWR hosts plants and apply a steam

treatment to the nursery. Alternatively, an 8-week host-free period at the 

nursery’s cost or steam sterilization of nursery beds using the steam jet

method may be employed.

Steam Jet Sterilization of Nursery Soil

Soil must be steamed at 70°C for a minimum 30 minutes and to a depth of

15 centimeters. Temperature must be measured at points farthest from the 

source of steam. Steam at a temperature of 70°C will destroy most

pathogenic microorganisms, including CWR spores or their common

vegetative forms, either in the growing or vegetative state. Moist, high

temperature soil conditions reduce the duration of teliospore survival, so

soil in plots or beds should be kept well watered during the pre-planting

interval to aid in the destruction of any residual inoculum. The beds must

be inspected by a State and/or PPQ official to ensure efficacy of the steam

treatment (i.e., all green plant material has been destroyed).

Repeat steam treatment after 48 hours to destroy any newly developed,

germinating or remaining fungal spores.

F. Recommendations for Equipment and Personnel

(Inspectors & Employees) within Nurseries with Infected Plants

1. Access to infected areas and hold areas should be limited, as much as

possible, to officials and employees. Everyone entering and leaving the 

nursery needs to scrape off loose soil from their shoes. Those working

with, or in contact with suspected infected material (including plants), 

need to wash their hands using soap or an approved disinfectant.

2. On the day that CWR is detected and/or inspections or treatments are

made, personnel should not enter other parts of the nursery after

entering the infected area.

3. Inspectors and nursery workers should not visit other nurseries in

potentially contaminated work clothing and footwear. The nursery

must take precautions to prevent the movement of infected plants,

contaminated soil, or debris with visitors and workers.

G. Releasing the Nursery

Nurseries and their plants may be released from regulatory control by

PPQ or another designated official after this protocol has been followed,

and P. horiana infected plants are not found, all stipulations of EAN have 

been satisfied, and the EAN has been rescinded by regulatory officials.
8

IX. Environmental Survey

It is recommended that a modified 400 meter delimiting survey be conducted around

each infected nursery. This survey can be conducted by walking through and carefully

examining the survey area. The objective is to locate any obvious planting of CWR host

plants in the area and to inspect these plants for symptoms of CWR. Normally this

survey should take no longer than 1 day unless unforeseen difficulties arise. If the

same nursery is found to be infected in 2 consecutive years, a more thorough survey of

up to 800 meters should be conducted.

X. References

FAO, 1996. Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Glossary of phytosanitary terms.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/W3587E/w3587e01.htm (last accessed, May 11, 2012).

Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq) 2000. The Plant Protection Act (PPA) is a

US statute relating to plant pests and noxious weeds that became law in 2000.

[The PPA is codified in The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously

abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, or

U.S.C.) in Title 7, Chapter 104, Section 7701 et seq.

United States of America. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 7- Agriculture.

Subtitle B-Regulations of the Department of Agriculture. Chapter III-Animal and Plant

Health Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture. Part 319-Foreign Quarantine

Notices. Subpart H-Plants for Planting. §319.37.

United States of America. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 7- Agriculture.

Subtitle B-Regulations of the Department of Agriculture. Chapter III-Animal and Plant

Health Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture. Part 319-Foreign Quarantine

Notices. Subpart P-Cut Flowers. §319.74.
9

APPENDIX I: Cut Flower and Plant Hosts of Chrysanthemum White Rust

Cut Flower and Plant Hosts of Chrysanthemum White Rust

Accepted Scientific Name Synonym(s) Common Name

Chrysanthemum articum L.1 Arctanthemum arcticum (L.) Tzvelev

Dendranthema arcticum (L.) Tzvelev

Arctic chrysanthemum

Arctic daisy

Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Makino 1,2 Chrysanthemum indicum L. var. boreale Makino

Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam.

Chrysanthemum indicum L. 1,2,3 Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul.

Chrysanthemum japonenseNakai1,2 Dendranthema japonense (Nakai) Kitam.

Dendranthema occidentali-japonense Kitam.

Nojigiku

Chrysanthemum japonicum Makino1,2 Chrysanthemum makinoi Matsum. and Nakai

Dendranthema japonicum (Makino) Kitam.

Ryuno-giku

Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat.2,4 Anthemis grandiflorum Ramat.

Anthemis stipulacea Moench

Chrysanthemum sinense Sabine ex Sweet

Chrysanthemum stipulaceum (Moench)W. Wight

Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.

Dendranthema ×morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvelev

Matricaria morifolia Ramat.

Florist's

chrysanthemum

Mum

Chrysanthemum pacificum Nakai1 Ajania pacifica (Nakai) K. Bremer & Humphries

Dendranthema pacificum (Nakai) Kitam.

Iso-giku

Chrysanthemum shiwogiku Kitam1 Ajania shiwogiku (Kitam.) K. Bremer & Humphries

Dendranthema shiwogiku (Kitam.) Kitam.

Shio-giku

Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum Makino ex Kitam2 Dendranthema yoshinaganthum (Makino ex

Kitam.)Kitam.

Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich subsp.

Yezoense (Maek.) Y. N. Lee1 Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. maekawanum

Kitam Chrysanthemum arcticum var. yezoense

Maek. [basionym]

Chrysanthemum yezoense Maek. [basionym],

Dendranthema yezoense (F. Maek.) D. J. N. Hind,

Leucanthemum yezoense (Maek.) Á. Löve & D.

Löve

Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich subsp.

zawadskii1

Chrysanthemum sibiricum Turcz. ex DC., nom. inval.

Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich) Tzvelev

Dendranthema zawadskii var. zawadskii

Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev3 Chrysanthemum serotinum L. Chrysanthemum

uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Pers.

Pyrethrum uliginosum (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.)

Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.)

Kitam2 Chrysanthemum nipponicum (Franch. ex Maxim.)

Matsum. Leucanthemum nipponicum Franch. ex

Maxim.

Nippon daisy

Nippon-chrysanthemum

1

Water, J.K. Chrysanthemum White Rust. EPPO Bulletin, No. 11, pp. 239-242 (1981). 2 Hiratsuka, N. Three species of Chrysanthemum rust in Japan and its neighboring districts. Sydowia, Series 2, Supplement 1, pp. 34-44

(1957). 3 Dickens, J.K. kl. The resistance of various cultivars and species of chrysanthemum to white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.).

Plant Pathol, No. 17, pp. 19-22 (1968). 4Yamada, S. Experiments on the epidemiology and control of chrysanthemum white rust caused by Puccinia horiana. Annals of the

Phytopathological Society of Japan, No. 20, pp. 148-154 (1956).
10

Appendix II: Management Practices for Growing CWR-free Host Plants

These Management Practices may help prevent the disease caused by P. horiana. Any

nursery may incorporate these practices into their Standard Operating Procedures.

A. Exclusion

1. Maintain production areas at less than optimum humidity for growth of CWR and

reduce other cultural practices conducive to optimal CWR-growth conditions.

2. Require specific sanitation protocol for personnel movement between

greenhouses and growing areas. Enforce one-way movement of personnel from

least restrictive to most restrictive areas of sanitation.

3. Actively train personnel for identification of CWR symptoms and proper practices

to guard against the spread of the disease.

4. No over-story or under-story of known hosts should be grown on nursery

grounds unless there is regular monitoring of those hosts.

5. Confirm that host stock is propagated from materials originating on site or is

received from shipping nurseries which are free from CWR.

6. All incoming host plants (buy-ins, transfers), regardless of origin, should be

visually inspected for symptoms of CWR by trained nursery personnel prior to

being incorporated into the production area.

7. Incoming host plants, propagative material, cuttings should be stored away from

the main production area.

8. Incoming cuttings should be treated with a maintenance fungicide before

planting.

9. The mother stock should be located away from the main production area, i.e., in

a different structure with no connected air flow.

B. Prevention

1. Use an effective fungicide program for the control and prevention of CWR on

susceptible host plants.

2. Off load incoming shipments to an area that can be cleaned of the leafy debris.

Sweep debris from the receiving pad and the delivery truck; collect debris and

bag for disposal.

3. Avoid product returns of nursery stock from a receiver in a quarantined area. If

unavoidable, contact your State Regulatory Official (if in California, your County

Agricultural Commissioner) prior to accepting the nursery stock return. One-way
11

movement of plant material through nurseries regardless of known CWR-status may be 

required. Otherwise, have designated quarantine zone in the nursery that prevents returns

from co-mingling with “clean” stock.

4. If the infestations have been detected in a place of production, the fungicidal dip treatment of 

chrysanthemum cuttings before planting should be considered.

C. Monitoring

1. Nursery personnel should attend one or more CWR workshops available through State

Agriculture Departments and Universities in your State.

2. All host buy-ins should be maintained separately from other hosts plants and periodically

inspected for symptoms of the disease over the course of a growing season.

3. Monitor host plants in surrounding area for symptoms of P. horiana.

4. Identify sources of disease recognition fact sheets, and/or develop and distribute disease

recognition fact sheets on host plants to educate all field nursery personnel.

5. Record Keeping: Maintain accurate shipping documentation identifying product, amount, date

and origin or receiver for the purpose of identifying trace backs and trace forwards.

6. If the disease is found in the area surrounding a nursery, immediately contact Department of 

Agriculture in your State or your County Agriculture Commissioner.
12

Appendix III: Prohibited Articles

Prohibited Articles under USDA-APHIS-PPQ regulations for Chrysanthemum White Rust

Prohibited article (includes seeds

only if specifically mentioned)

Foreign places from which

prohibited

Plant pests existing in the places

named and capable of being

transported with the prohibited

article

Chrysanthemum spp. (Chrysanthemum)

Dendranthema spp. (Chrysanthemum)

Leucanthemella serotina (Giant daisy,

High daisy)

Nipponanthemum nipponicum (Nippon

daisy, Nippon-chrysanthemum)

Andorra, Argentina, Australia,

Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Brazil, Brunei, Canary Islands,

Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia,

Ecuador, Iceland, Japan, Korea,

Liechtenstein, Macedonia,

Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova,

Monaco, New Zealand, Norway,

Peru, Republic of South Africa,

Russia, San Marino, Switzerland,

Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine,

Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia;

the European Union (Austria,

Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany,

Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,

Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

Malta, Netherlands, Poland,

Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and

United Kingdom); and all countries,

territories, and possessions of

countries located in part or entirely

between 90° and 180° East

longitude.

Puccinia horiana P. Henn. (white

rust of chrysanthemum).
13

Appendix IV: Chrysanthemum Facility Routine Inspection Report

Chrysanthemum Facility Routine Inspection Report (Use attachments if necessary)

Facility

Name of Owner:

Tel: 

Email:

Name of Manager:

Tel: 

Email:

Total acreage of nursery:

Facility map of mum

growing area

No. of greenhouses/blocks in production: No. of plants:

Location:

Location of other

associated

facilities involved

in production of

mums

Type of operation: [check all that apply]

wholesale........retail.......cutflower.......breeding.........

rooting station......diagnostic........tissue culture.............

Other (explain)..........................................................

Are plants currently exported: Yes No

If yes, to what countries:

To whom are plants sold in U.S.:

List all sources of

propagative material, both

domestic and imported,

including tissue culture.

Varieties grown at the

facility.

Is rooting done at this

facility?

Entry to the facility is secure and excludes any external source of Puccinia horiana from entering the facility:

Yes No

Chrysanthemum plants are located within an enclosed greenhouse in pots during all stages of growth:

Yes No

Chrysanthemum plants are located within an enclosed greenhouse in ground soil during all stages of growth:

Yes No

Chrysanthemum plants are located outside in an open field during all stages of growth: Yes No

Is there complete separation between rooting station increase and production blocks? Yes No

Do employees work exclusively in rooting block, and production block greenhouses or increase block

greenhouses during a single workday? Yes No

Greenhouse Construction or Configuration of Mum Growing Area

Entry Rooting green house is located away from production area and has single air tight entrance Yes No

Direct access to hand wash station(s), and protective clothing (aprons, lab coats, etc.) prior to

entering rooting green house: Yes No If No, describe.

Entry to rooting green house is restricted to authorized personnel: Yes No If No, describe.

Are personal items stored before entry to greenhouse? Yes No If no, describe.

Sanitation: Describe Sanitation Procedure Required of Employees Having Access to Mum Growing Area

Wash Stations

Employee

Training

Protective

Clothing

Tools

There is a wash station/ sink prior to entering the production area: Yes No

Sink drains immediately to outside of rooting and production area: Yes No

There is a training program covering proper greenhouse procedures, including

information on how Puccinia horiana spreads: Yes No

Description of training:

How often is training conducted?

A list of trained personnel is maintained: Yes No

Access to mum production facilities is limited to trained and certified individuals: Yes No

Protective clothing routinely used: Yes No

Protective clothing dedicated to each greenhouse and removed before exiting: Yes No

Clothing is maintained free of debris, potting media, soil, or plant material: Yes No

Protective clothing washed in detergent weekly or replaced in the case of disposable

aprons: Yes No

Carts and collection baskets are cleaned of soil and plant debris: Yes No

Cutting tools used to cut flowers are cleaned when moving between greenhouses:

Yes No
14

Growing Chrysanthemum: Identify Greenhouse/Field

Type of growing

area and name of

unit

Plants are grown in: Glasshouse....drop-side greenhouse....shade house....indexing

area...breeding area....production field.... research area.... tissue culture lab....rooting

station....containment laboratory....other (describe):

List varieties grown with emphasis on those with special susceptibility to Puccinia

horiana:

Numbers Total planting acreage or number of potted plants:

Plant density in growing ground (number of plants per meter) or pots per meter of

bench space:

Number of separate houses on the property:

Results of Inspection:

How many samples suspicious for CWR taken during survey?

Laboratory results of samples submitted for CWR identification:

Was 100% facility inspected? Yes No If no, when will inspectors return?:

Did PPQ or State Inspectors survey the facility prior to this inspection? Yes No If

yes, how many times has the Facility been inspected in the past 6 months? : Are

copies of Inspection reports available? Yes No

Does the greenhouse receive an annual inspection timed for optimum observation of the presence of

CWR?: Yes No

OR Is the inspection a general one and non-specific for CWR? Specific_ General

Comments:_ _

Inspector(s):_ _ Inspector(s):_

Date inspection completed:

Air Flow Type of air intake:

Type of exhaust system:

Is humid air exhausted out of nursery block into environment or into other parts of

mum growing facility? Yes No

Are individual sections of the facility connected by the air ventilation system? Yes No

Relative humidity at which facility maintains growing site: _
15

Appendix V. Chrysanthemum White Rust Regulatory Incidence Form

If CWR is detected in a nursery, collection of the following information will be useful for

trace-back or trace-forward investigations. Use attachments if necessary for topics with

lengthy information.

[Add additional sheets if necessary]

A. Overall Facility: Type of Inspection

1. Routine Plant Inspection: [Check one] Yes No

Note:

2. Regulatory Trace-forward/Trace-back: [Check one] Yes No

Note:

B. Facility Information

1. Name

2. Street Address 

3. Location(s) of Additional Facilities (associated with main facility)

a. Name 

b. Street Address

4. GPS Location(s) 

5. Owner Name(s) 

 

6. General Manager Name(s)
16

7. Total Acreage/Area of Nursery

8. Number of Greenhouses/Blocks in Mum Production

9. Number of Plants

10.Type(s) of operation (wholesale; retail; cut flower; research; plant diagnostics;

tissue culture; breeding, rooting station, etc.)

11.List all other companies-facilities involved in production, sales and distribution of

your mum product and additional nursery locations. (i.e., rooting stations; trial

fields; contract growers; brokers, etc.).

12.List all sources of propagative mum materials both domestic and imported

including tissue culture; breeding; research; and propagative. Include

licensed/unlicensed varieties that are owned by the business and/or grown at 

off- shore facilities and shipped back to the United States for production.

13. Are any of the following received from outside sources?:

a. Un-rooted cuttings [Check one] Yes No

b. Rooted cuttings [Check one] Yes No

c. Potted mum material [Check one] Yes No

d. Cut-flowers [Check one] Yes No

If so, list the sources

14.Describe sanitation requirements for entry into nursery and for movement

between greenhouses or other growing units.

15.List chemical regiments used in mum production in the facility. Give names of

chemicals and intervals used.

16.Please provide facility map identifying all mum areas.
17

C. Individual Chrysanthemum Growing Area or Greenhouse

The following information should be completed for each separate growing area or

greenhouse type.

1. Site Information

a. Type of growing area and name of unit (i.e., glasshouse; drop-side

greenhouse; shade house; indexing, breeding, production field, research;

tissue culture, rooting station, etc.).

b. Name of growing area manager

c. Number of suspect samples collected by regulatory inspectors and submitted

for identification to pathologist(s).

d. Identity of sites where suspect samples were taken.

e. Was CWR found anywhere:

i. On/in this area? [Check one] Yes No

ii. In this nursery? [Check one] Yes No

iii. During this regulatory incident? [Check one] Yes No

f. Action taken (from 5 above)?

g. Is entry to greenhouse/unit restricted to authorized personnel and/or

monitored?

[Check one] Yes No

i. Who is authorized to enter?

ii. How is area secured?

2. Construction or configuration of growing area:

a. Growing area

i. Open Field (not under any type of structure) Yes No

ii. Enclosed Structure Construction (including shade houses) Yes No
18

b. Describe the airflow, what type of Air Intake and Exhaust system(s)?

c. Is humid air exhausted out of nursery block into environs or into other parts of

the growing nursery?

d. Are individual sections of the nursery connected by the air ventilation system?

e. Are houses ventilated; how & why?

f. Are houses/areas maintained at a specified relative humidity? Yes No

If yes, what RH?

g. Are houses/area heated or cooled? Yes No

h. What temperature(s) range & describe schedule

i. If a cut flower grower: are houses subject to 12-hrs darkness during initiation

of the flowering stage? Yes No

If yes, how is this accomplished and does it contribute to fungal growth

conditions?

3. Sanitation Procedures

a. Describe the sanitation procedures required of the employees having access

to this area.

b. What chemicals, if any, are used for the decontamination procedures?

c. Have the environs and nursery landscape and/or neighboring properties

contiguous with the Nursery been inspected for the presence of CWR

host material and CWR infection? Yes No

 

If yes, how far out?
19

d. How many times has the Nursery been inspected by State, County, and/or

Federal inspectors during the past year?

 Are copies of the inspection reports available? (Please provide)

e. If this nursery is positive for CWR, provide invoices for all chrysanthemum

materials sold or moved to other nurseries. Please include invoices for the

time span one week prior to date CWR infection is estimated to have begun

and for all plants considered exposed. Also, include information for disposal

areas of infected plant material if different than already described above.

D. Regulatory and Phytosanitary Information

1. Identify the Positive infection triggering regulatory investigation (may be infected

at this nursery or an infection in an associated nursery).

2. Has there been a CWR infection at this Nursery in the past? If so, when?

3. Is production area under inspection physically connected to another part(s) of the

nursery that handles chrysanthemum material in any capacity?

4. Is a retail outlet connected to the production nursery, either physically or under

the same ownership? (i.e., contiguous spaces with retail shop and greenhouse

connected; customers moving freely between areas, common air ducts, etc.)?

5. Do employees move freely between greenhouses, nursery, field blocks, retail

outlet, etc.? (For example, do employees work in any/all areas of the nursery as

needed in the course of a day as opposed to employees restricted from working

in multiple areas of the nursery)?

6. Describe preventative measures in place to stop fungal infections from spreading

between the entities listed in the previous question. (Include sanitation

procedures already discussed, as well as additional physical barriers such as

filters, etc. in place to prevent spores from spreading via air ducts).

7. Outline details of the progression of plant material from start to finished product.

(This may be a very simple progression or can be very complicated depending

upon the nursery’s set-up).

Example 1: Plants begin as cells in tissue culture; grown to small plantlets;

plantlets grown out in “contained glasshouse”; cuttings taken from plantlets and

stuck in “increase house” ; increase moved to production field ; cuttings sent to:

wholesale nurseries as rooted and/or un-rooted depending upon order and/or

shipped via company trucks with one stop over for repacking and distribution

direct to client, etc.
20

Example 2: A wholesale nursery receives rooted cuttings from a broker; sticks

cuttings in pots; grows to 4-in pot size and sells retail on site.

8. List all sources of non-propagative mum material that may have been on the

premises in the past year, such as cut flowers; retail potted materials;

diagnostics; R&D materials, etc.

9. Is any mum material received under special permit(s), such as:

USDA CIP?

USDA Post-entry Permit?

Other State or Federal Permits?

10. List chemical regiments used in mum production in the nursery. Give names of

chemicals and intervals used.

11. Are spray records maintained and accessible to inspectors?

12. Are chemicals considered to be “curative” agents used in routine production as

a “preventative” measure?

13. How are culls & plant debris disposed off site? At what intervals?

14. Is plant debris disposed immediately or left in greenhouse/field?

15. Does nursery/outlet utilize a “cull pile” and if so; where is the cull pile located 

and how long is it left before it is removed?

16. Does nursery “compost” its cuttings/culls?

17. Is chrysanthemum stock sold interstate and/or intrastate and is it exported? To

whom is stock sold and in what form (un-rooted cuttings, rooted cuttings, potted

plants; bare-root plants; cut flowers, etc.)?

18. Are sales invoices available for inspector(s) to view?

19. Does this Nursery propagate licensed/patented varieties of mums that are

registered to other companies (can be for production or for R&D-only)? If so, list

the varieties and the sources of each.

20. What other companies are licensed to sell your patented/licensed varieties?

21. Additional information
21

Name of the Inspector(s)

Date:

Office phone: Mobile phone:

Office phone: Mobile phone:

E-mail:

E-mail:

Copies of this report will be provided by the above individual to the following: (list

officials receiving copy from inspector):

Name: Affiliation:

Name: Affiliation:

E. Infected Property – EAN Action Log

1. Date of EAN Action

2. Date infected plants and exposed radius of plants destruction complete

3. Date & Results of Inspection One after destruction of infected plants_

a. Were more infected plants found? If so, identify the location in the facility

& include map.

b. Date additional plants destroyed

c. Note any additional regulatory actions taken

4. Date & Results of Inspection 2 after original destruction of infected plants

a. Were more infected plants found? If so, identify the location in the facility

& include map.

b. Date additional plants destroyed

c. Note any additional regulatory actions taken

5. Date & Results of Inspection 3 after original destruction of infected plants
22

a. Were more infected plants found? If so, identify the location in the facility

& include map.

b. Date additional plants destroyed 

c. Note any additional regulatory actions taken 

6. Is further regulatory action initiated?

a. Host-free period for 8-weeks; date beginning 

b. Host-free period with approved steam sterilization 

c. Host-free with another approved decontamination of soil to render it hostfree. List method & who approved it

7. Date nursery is approved to replant chrysanthemums in the regulated area 

8. Date EAN rescinded 

9. Additional Information

Name of the Inspector(s) 

Date: 

Office phone: Mobile phone: 

Office phone: Mobile phone: 

E-mail: 

E-mail: 

Copies of this report will be provided by the above individual to the following: (list

officials receiving copy from inspector):

Name: Affiliation: 

Name: Affiliation: 
23

Appendix VI: Destruction and Disposal of Infected Plant Material

A. Host material, including leaf litter, must not be removed from the facility as trash.

The infected plant may be cut with a sharp knife near the root without any shaking

and dispersing of the fungal spores.

B. All plant debris including leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and any other plant parts will

be removed and destroyed using one of the following methods. Other methods

deemed proper by the regulatory authorities may be used.

1. Incineration (burning to ash): Infected plants, all leaf debris may be disposed of

by incineration at a facility or other location. Off nursery movement must be 

properly safeguarded. Burning may be through open burning or in an

incinerator.

2. Burial: Infected plants, all leaf debris may be bagged, buried and covered with

two inches of soil.

3. Steam sterilization: Dry heat or steam commonly heated to internal

temperatures of 212° F (100° C) for 30 minutes followed by burial in a landfill.

4. Composting method consistent with state and/or county requirements.