UNITED STA TES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

'JUL OS 2015 

MEMORANDUM 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) for Registration Review: Cyazofamid (085651) 

FROM: 

THRU: 

Carl Chen, Biologist 

Biological Analysis Branch 

Science 

Rafael A. 

Information 

Prieto, Environmental 

and Analysis 

Protection 

Branch 

Specialist 

f/ 

!J".1. lj.fti.1) "'-- ~ ,t._ · ~ 

Stephen Smearman, Economist AL._~ 1 . . 1 _ . 

Biolo

Economic 

gical 

Analysis 

and Economic 

Branch 

Analysis 

~ 

Division (7503P) 

Arnet Jones, Chief 

Biological Analysis Branch 

Diann Sims, Chief"""""'...--. 

Science Information and Analysis Branch 

Timothy 

Economic 

Kiely

Analysis , Chief Branch ~ \A.A., ~ Biological and Economic Analysi ivision (75 P) 

TO: Jose Gayoso, Chemical Review Manager 

Risk Management and Implementation Branch 2 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

Peer Review Panel date: November 26, 2014 

.. 
SUMMARY 

Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States in 2004 (USEPA, 2004). This fungicide 

belongs to the cyano-imidiazole family of fungicides and it is applied by ground or aerial spray 

to control early and late blight downy mildew on the agricultural and non-agricultural use sites 

described below. 

The 2014 Screening-level Usage Analysis (SLUA) reports usage on the crops with the highest 

pounds a.i. applied. It shows that carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 pounds a.i. applied, are 

the crops with highest usage for this chemical. In terms of average percent crop treated, the top 

crops are again, carrots and cucumbers, with an average of 15% crop treated each. Per the 

SLUA, the remaining crops with usage are cantaloupes, peppers, potatoes, pumpkins, squash, 

tomatoes, and watermelons. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) Chemical Profile (BCP) provides an 

overview of the pest managementroles and quantitative usage information for cyazofamid. The 

BCP includes summaries of previous BEAD products and available public and/or private use and 

usage data for cyazofamid to describe the role of this chemical in pest management. Additional 

information on use is available in the cyazofamid Label Data Report. Information provided in 

this BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) may be used by stakeholders (e.g., users and registrants), 

OPP risk assessors, and OPP risk managers, and the general public during the Registration 

Review process of this pesticide. 

USE SITES 

Agricultural uses 

Cyazofamid is registered for the following agricultural uses: carrots, grapes, hops, basil, crop 

group 9 cucurbit vegetables, crop group 5 Brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, crop subgroup 4A 

leafy greens, succulent podded and succulent-shelled beans, crop subgroup 1 C tuberous and 

corm vegetables, and crop group 8-10 fruiting vegetables. 

Non-agricultural uses 

Cyazofamid is registered for the following non-agricultural uses: turf (golf courses) and 

ornamentals. 

FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS 

Cyazofamid is formulated as a suspension concentrate and it can be applied by ground or aerial 

spray. 

2 
HISTORY OF CYAZOFAMID AND BEAD PRODUCTS 

Cyazofamid was first registered in the United States as a fungicide in 2004 (USEPA, 2004). 

A Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) was prepared by BEAD for this chemical in 2014 

that provides the percent crop treated for nine crops (cantaloupes, carrots, cucumbers, peppers, 

potatoes, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, watermelons). For cyazofamid, according to the 2014 

SLUA, the crops with the highest pounds a.i. applied are carrots and cucumbers, both with 3,000 

pounds a.i. applied. In terms of average percent crop treated the top crops are again, carrots and 

cucumbers, with 15% average percent crop treated each. Per the SLUA, the remaining crops 

with usage are cantaloupes, peppers, potatoes, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, and watermelons. 

A search of BEAD's Official Records found two emergency exemption requests for cyazofamid 

in the last 10 years. One was for use in greenhouse grown basil in Alabama to control basil 

downy mildew (12ALOI). Basil downy mildew was considered a new pest in 2008 and in 2012 

was found in Alabama. The request was for the use of 0.14 pounds ai per acre on a total of 11.4 

acres. BEAD concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and nonroutine for greenhouse basil. 

The second was for the use of cyazofamid in Illinois on basil to control downy mildew disease 

(I O-IL-02). The request was for treating up to 500 acres with a combination of mandipropamid 

and cyazofamid with two sequential sprays (maximum of 6 sprays per growing season). BEAD 

concluded that the situation met the conditions to be considered urgent and non-routine with up 

to a 50% yield loss of field grown basil. 

Subsequently, on September 4, 2013 the label was amended to add basil as well as other crops. 

Emergency exemptions may indicate that there is a need for a particular chemical that is not 

registered for use on a particular site. An emergency exemption request may yield information 

about a particular chemical's importance or value that is not found in other EPA records. 

However, a lack of emergency exemption assessments by BEAD does not specifically indicate 

the relative importance of the chemical. 

There is no LUIS Report for this chemical. 

USAGE 

Usage Trends 

For the years 2006-2012, cyazofamid annual usage averaged 6,000 pounds of active ingredient 

(A.I.) treating an annual average of 82,000 acres, and an overall average application rate of 0.073 

pounds A. I. per acre. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, use, both pounds A. I. and total area treated 

(TAT), peaked in 2011. (Proprietary Data, 2006-2012) 

3 
FIGURE 1. Cyazofamid Total Area Treated in Acres (2006-2012) 

350,000 

ro 

...... 

0 

I2006 2007 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

2008 2009 

Year 

2010 

FIGURE 2. Cyazofamid Pounds Applied (2006-2012) 

<{ 

V'I 

"O 

c 

:J 

0 

a.. 

50,000 

0 

2011 

2006 2007 2008 2009 

Year 

2010 2011 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

2012 

2012 

4 
As seen on Table 1 below, cucumbers and carrots are the top crops for cyazofamid, with 

California and Florida being the top states where this chemical is used. 

Table 1. Crops w·th tt· h t U f C f 0

I 12 es se o ,yazo am1 d - p ere en t 0 f T t oa I Lb s. A p plied (2006-2012) 

Crop %Lbs 

Cucumbers 40 

Carrots 28 

Potatoes 11 

Pumpkins 9 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

Table 2. States with H. h t U f C f 0

If! es se o .yazo am1 d -p ercen t o f T oa t I Lb s. A .p plied (2006-2012) 

Crop O/o 

California 32 

Florida 20 

Georgia 13 

Michigan 7 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

Application Rates 

T bl 3 C f: 0

a e . ;yazo am1 d u se on T C op rops wit . hA vera2e AIR . . ate, 2006 -2012 

Crop Pounds Applied Total Acres Avg. Al Rate (lbs 

Treated* a.i./acres) 

Cucumbers 17,000 270,000 0.063 

Carrots 12,000 81 ,000 0.148 

Potatoes 4,700 64,000 0.073 

Pumpkins 4,900 58,000 0.084 

*Total Acres Treated sums all acres treated for a crop, including those acres that receive multiple treatments. 

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2012 

Non-agricultural Usage 

Non-agricultural usage data for cyazofamid are limited. The only available estimate of use is 

8,000 pounds on golf courses, and 1, 100 pounds on nursery/greenhouse. (Proprietary Data, 

2012). 

CHEMICAL AND USE CHARACTERISTICS 

Cyazofarnid belongs to the chemical group of cyano-imidazole. It is a Qil (quinone inside 

inhibitor) fungicide classified by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) as a 

FRAC Group 21 fungicide. Resistance risk of the Group 21 fungicides is unknown but is 

assumed to be medium to high, and resistance management is required (FRAC, 2014). 

Cyazofamid has a limited or local systemic activity and is typically used as a protectant 

fungicide to prevent infection from Oomycete diseases. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) is 0 days 

5 
for use on many crops including cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, Brassica leafy vegetables, and 

leafy greens. Carrots and potatoes have a higher PHI, 14 and 7 days, respectively. Cyazofamid 

is a reduced risk fungicide, granted by the Agency for cucurbit vegetables, potato, and tomato in 

2004, and Brassica leafy vegetables, hops, spinach, and turnip (greens) in 20 l 0. 

ROLE OF CY AZOF AMID IN PEST MANAGEMENT 

Cyazofamid is registered for control of many important diseases including downy mildew on 

cucurbits, basil, spinach, hops, and grapes, Phytophthora blight on cucurbits and tomatoes, club 

root on Brassica leafy vegetables (an alternative to PCNB), late blight on potatoes, tomatoes, and 

peppers, and Pythium diseases such as cavity spot on carrots. 

The major agricultural use of cyazofamid is on cucurbits and carrots. On cucumber, 

approximately 30 percent of cucumber acreage was recently treated by cyazofamid, the fifth 

most-applied fungicide on cucumber in the period of 2011-2012 (Proprietary Data, 2011-2012). 

The total area treated by all fungicides on cucumber increased approximately 200,000 acres each 

year from 2008 to 2011 and leveled off in 2012 (Proprietary Data 2008-2012). In California, the 

most-applied fungicides, in term of cumulative acres treated in 2012, were sulfur, mefenoxam, 

pyraclostrobin, and cyazofamid (CDPR, 2012). Cyazofamid is a relatively new fungicide for 

control of cavity spot on carrots, a major soil borne disease, and has been often used in rotation 

with mefenoxam (CDPR, 2012). Proprietary Data (2011 -201 2) indicate that the uses on 

cucumber and carrots are the main drivers for a spike in 2011 and a drop off in 2012 depicted in 

Figure 1. 

Cyazofamid may also have potential of controlling or suppressing diseases that are not listed on 

the label. A FIFRA Section 2(ee) recommendation for Ranrnan® 400SC, a single active 

ingredient product of cyazofamid, has been issued for use on potatoes to suppress Pythium 

ultimum in approximately 20 states including California, Michigan, New Jersey, and Washington 

(CDMS, 2014). 

DATA NEEDS 

The Agency currently does not have complete information on cyazofamid. Obtaining the 

following information may improve future assessments conducted by the Agency related to the 

use and importance of cyazofamid. 

1. Site/crop specific information on the target pests, damage, economic thresholds, best time 

to treat, as well as alternatives to cyazofamid. 

2. Site/crop specific information on the formulation, application method, application rates, 

frequency of application, and timing of applications. 

3. Site/crop specific information on barriers of adopting chemical and non-chemical 

alternatives to cyazofamid (e.g. price, efficacy, application methods, use restrictions, 

etc.). 

6 
REFERENCES 

BEAD, 2010. BEAD Review of Illinois Emergency Exemption Request for Mandipropamid (10-

11-01, DP# 375687) and Cyazofamid (10-11-02, DP # 376369) Use on Basil to Control 

Downy Mildew Disease.pdf 

BEAD, 2012. Review of a Request for an Emergency Exemption for Cyazofamid (12-AL-01 ; 

DP# 400207) and Mandipropamid (12-AL-02; # DP 400208) to Manage Downy Mildew 

on Basil in Greenhouses in Alabama.pdf 

BEAD, 2014. Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) for cyazofamid. 

CDMS. 2014. Crop Data Management Systems. http://premier.cdms.net/webapls. Accessed 

August 2014. 

CDPR. 2012. Summary of pesticide use data - Indexed by Chemicals. California Department of 

Pesticide Registration (CDPR). http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/pur l 2rep/ l 2sum.htm 

Accessed August 2014. 

FRAC. 2014. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/frac/index.htm 

Accessed August 2014. 

Proprietary Data, 1998-2012. 

US EPA. Office of Pesticide Programs. Petition for Cyazofamid. April 2014. 

http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-04/ documents/cyazof amid-peti tion-sep4. pdf 

Accessed November 20, 2014. 

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