COURT OFILED

F APPEALS

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHING RON lI

2015 APR 2 I DIVISION II PI 9: 04

STATE OF WA

TORI KRUGER - WILLIS, individually and on No. 45593 -5 -II

behalf of her marital community, 

Appellant, 

v. 

HEATHER HOFFENBURG and JOHN DOE

HOFFENBURG, and the marital community

comprised thereof, 

Respondents, 

and

DEREK S. LEBEDA and JANE DOE

LEBEDA, and the marital community

comprised thereof, 

Defendants. 

D Y_ 

DE

UNPUBLSIHED OPINION

MELNICK, J. — Tori Kruger- Willis appeals from the trial court' s denial of her motion to

require Heather Hoffenburg' s attorney ( defense counsel) to prove the authority under which he

appeared. Where civil defense counsel admitted that he never had any contact with his purported

client, the trial court abused its discretion by denying the motion. Accordingly, we reverse the

trial court ruling and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. 

FACTS

This action arose out of a motor vehicle collision that occurred in 2008. Hoffenburg drove

a truck that struck and damaged Kruger - Willis' s parked vehicle. GEICO, Hoffenburg' s insurance

company, paid to repair Kruger - Willis's vehicle. Kruger- Willis then sued Hoffenburg to recover
45593 -5 -II

the diminished value of her repaired vehicle. GEICO hired defense counsel and paid the costs of

Hoffenburg' s defense pursuant to its contractual duty to defend her. 1

Following a three -day trial, the jury rendered a verdict in Hoffenburg' s favor. The trial

court awarded Hoffenburg $ 11, 490 in costs and attorney fees. 2

Kruger- Willis appealed the trial

court' s award of attorney fees and costs. In an unpublished opinion, we held that Hoffenburg had

standing to recover fees and costs as the aggrieved party in the underlying action and was the

prevailing party entitled to fees and costs, regardless of the fact that GEICO was defending her. 

Kruger- Willis v. Hoffenburg, noted at 173 Wn. App. 1024, slip op. at 5 ( 2013). 

Following our decision, Kruger - Willis' s counsel executed a check for $11, 490 payable to

Heather Hoffenburg despite defense counsel' s request that the check be made out to Hoffenburg' s

insurer, GEICO. Defense counsel asked Kruger - Willis' s counsel to reissue the check payable to

GEICO, but Kruger - Willis' s counsel refused, stating that GEICO was not a party to the suit. 

Defense counsel filed a motion to enforce the trial court' s award of costs and attorney fees. In

support of his motion, defense counsel stated that Hoffenburg had never been involved in the . 

defense of the case against her, and that he ( defense counsel) worked for GEICO. The trial court

granted this motion, but named Hoffenburg and not GEICO as the judgment creditor. 3

Kruger- Willis then filed a motion for defense counsel to produce or prove the authority

under which he appeared, and to stay all proceedings until such authority was produced or

1 Although Hoffenburg is not the named insured on the insurance contract with GEICO, she is an

insured person under the terms of the contract because she drove the insured vehicle with

permission of the named insured. 

2 The trial court awarded Hoffenburg costs and reasonable attorney fees because she was the

prevailing party under RCW 4. 84.250. 

3 The parties do not appeal this order. 

2
45593 -5 -II

provided. See RCW 2.44.030. During argument on this motion, defense counsel admitted that he

had " not had contact with the named defendant in this lawsuit." Report of Proceedings ( Aug. 9, 

2013) at 25. However, defense counsel asserted that he had authority to appear for Hoffenburg

under the terms of the insurance contract. The trial court denied Kruger- Willis' s motion. Kruger - 

Willis appeals. 

ANALYSIS

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

This case involves the application of RCW 2.44.030: 

The court, or a judge, may, on motion of either party, and on showing reasonable

grounds therefor, require the attorney for the adverse party ... to produce or prove

the authority under which he or she appears. 

This statute expressly states that the trial court " may" require an attorney to prove his or her

authority. RCW 2.44.030. In other words, RCW 2.44.030 vests authority in the trial court to

require a showing of authority by an attorney, but nothing in the statute purports to require the

court to do anything. 

We typically interpret the word "may" as a permissive word that confers discretion on the

trial court. See Angelo Property Co. v. Hafiz, 167 Wn. App. 789, 817 n.49, 274 P. 3d 1075 ( 2012); 

In re Guardianship ofJohnson, 112 Wn. App. 384, 387 -88, 48 P. 3d 1029 ( 2002). Therefore, we

will review the trial court' s denial of Kruger- Willis' s motion to prove the authority under which

defense counsel appears for abuse ofdiscretion. "' A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision

is manifestly unreasonable or based on untenable grounds or untenable reasons.' In re Marriage

of Valente, 179 Wn. App. 817, 822, 320 P. 3d 115 ( 2014) ( quoting In re Marriage ofLittlefield, 

133 Wn.2d 39, 46 -47, 940 P.2d 1362 ( 1997)). 

3
45593 -5 -II

II. TRIAL COURT RULING

Kruger- Willis assigned error to the trial court' s denial of her motion under RCW 2.44.030

to require defense counsel to prove the authority under which he appears. We agree with Kruger - 

Willis that under the circumstances the trial court abused its discretion by denying the motion. 

Defense counsel' s admission that his purported client has never been involved in her own

defense, that he has not had contact with the client, and that he works for her insurance company

are reasonable grounds for the opposing party' s motion to require counsel to prove the authority

under which he appears. We hold that when, as here, a civil defense attorney states that he has

never communicated with his client, it is manifestly unreasonable for the trial court to deny

opposing counsel' s motion to require counsel to prove the authority under which he appears. 

The parties appear to invite us to decide whether defense counsel had authority to appear

for Hoffenburg in this case. Because the trial court did not require defense counsel to prove the

authority under which he appears, defense counsel has not had the opportunity to provide the

requisite proof and the trial court has not had an opportunity to consider it. Therefore, we decline

the parties' invitation to decide whether defense counsel had authority to appear for Hoffenburg

in this case. 

III. ATTORNEY FEES

Hoffenburg requests costs and attorney fees in connection with this appeal pursuant to RAP

14. 1. Because Hoffenburg is not the prevailing party on appeal, she is not entitled to an award

under RAP 14. 1. 

4
45593 -5 -II

We reverse the trial court ruling and remand for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. 

A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2. 06.040, 

it is so ordered. 

We concur: 

5