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Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk

Analysis (NAPPRA)

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NAPPRA allows APHIS to better protect U.S. agriculture from foreign pests while

minimizing adverse economic and trade impacts.

Imported plants for planting can carry a variety of pests into the United States. Since

the pests are already on a host, it is easier for them to become established in this

country. In some cases, the plant itself is the pest.

To ensure U.S. import regulations protect the United States from pests that may be

on live plants for planting, APHIS has a regulated category called Not Authorized

Pending Pest Risk Analysis (NAPPRA). Under NAPPRA, plants for planting must

undergo a pest risk analysis before APHIS will authorize the taxon for importation.

The NAPPRA Process

APHIS-PPQ may propose to designate plant taxa as NAPPRA under either of the

following conditions:
When APHIS-PPQ has evidence that a plant taxon is a host of a quarantine pest

and is from a country with little or no recent import history, then PPQ proposes

to add the country/plant combination as NAPPRA; or

When APHIS-PPQ has evidence that a plant taxa itself is a quarantine pest and

the plant is not known to occur in the U.S. or is under official control, then we

propose to add that species as NAPPRA from all countries.

The Federal Register notice includes the scientific evidence we considered and

allows stakeholders the opportunity to comment on the proposal.

If stakeholder feedback does not provide enough new information to revise the

proposal, we add the taxon to the NAPPRA list for the listed pest and all other

quarantine pests in that taxon. Quarantine pest plants (weeds) and hosts of

quarantine pests are added to the NAPPRA lists in each round.

The NAPPRA process allows us to quickly respond to evidence that the importation of

a taxon of plants for planting may pose a risk while giving stakeholders the

opportunity to participate.

Importing Small Quantities of Plant Taxa on the NAPPRA List

To import small quantities of plants or plant material on the NAPPRA list for

experimental, therapeutic, or developmental purposes, you may apply for a

controlled import permit using PPQ Form 588.

Requesting a Pest Risk Analysis

If you want to import plants or plant materials into the United States from the

NAPPRA list for any other purposes, you must submit a detailed market access

request (MAR) using instructions in the Code of Federal Regulations (7 CFR 319.5).

Once APHIS receives your request, we develop a pest risk analysis. Based on the

results of this analysis, we will take one of the following actions:

Remove the plants or plant materials from the NAPPRA list and allow their

importation with general requirements

Remove the plants or plant materials from the NAPPRA list and allow their

importation with specific restrictions

Continue to prohibit their importation
More Information

Visit the Agricultural Commodity Import Requirements (ACIR) database or the Plants

for Planting Manual for more information about import restrictions on plants for

planting.

See More See Less

NAPPRA Lists

Quarantine Pest Plants

All propagative plant parts of quarantine pest plants listed here–including seed and

cut flowers and greenery–are NAPPRA from all countries.

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Hosts of Quarantine Pests

All propagative plant parts, except seed, are regulated under NAPPRA, including cut

flowers and greenery.

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Adding a Taxon to the NAPPRA List

To suggest a taxon to APHIS as a possible NAPPRA category, email us at

ppq.nappra@usda.gov or mail the information to:

Plants for Planting Policy

ATTN: NAPPRA List Candidates

APHIS, PPQ, IRM, Unit 133

4700 River Road

Riverdale, MD 20737-1236
Submission Process

Anyone can submit a suggestion for APHIS to evaluate. We need only the taxon or

pest's name and your contact information, so we can follow up if needed.

If you have more specific information, we welcome that as well. This could include

the taxon or pest's scientific name, author, and common name (such as in examples

below) and any supporting references.

Examples

Pest plant: Lygodium flexuosum (Linnaeus) Swartz (maidenhair creeper)

Host of a quarantine pest: Castanea spp. (chestnut)

Quarantine pest: Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr (chestnut blight)

Other Helpful Information for Evaluating a Taxon

Below is other helpful information for a taxon to be evaluated. We've listed it here

for general reference. (Note: If you don't have this information, that is okay. As

mentioned earlier, APHIS needs only the name of the plant or pest to begin

evaluating a taxon; we will gather other details as needed during our evaluation.)

If and where it is present in the United States, along with any official control

efforts

Predicted U.S. ecological range

Dispersal potential and biological characteristics associated with invasiveness

Potential economic impacts (potential to reduce crop yields, lower commodity

values, or cause loss of markets for U.S. goods)

Potential environmental impacts (impacts on ecosystem processes, natural

community composition or structure, human health, recreation patterns,

property values, or use of chemicals to control it)

Potential pathways into and within the United States, along with likelihood of

spread and survival within each pathway

If the pest is a pathogen:

Whether it can be introduced and established in the United States through

imports of seeds or other propagative material

Host range of the pest

How the pest infests plants and what plant parts it infests
See More See Less

Supporting Documents

Datasheets

These documents include data and references to support APHIS' NAPPRA decisions.

Quarantine Pest Plant Datasheets

Round 1–Final notice published April 18, 2013

Round 2–Final notice published June 19, 2017

Round 3–Effective July 2, 2021

Quarantine Pest Host Datasheets

Round 1–Final notice published April 18, 2013

Round 2–Final notice published June 19, 2017

Round 3–Effective July 2, 2021

NAPPRA Plants From the Prohibited Articles List

This document includes taxa that were formerly listed as prohibited articles in 7 CFR

319.37-2(a), which are now listed as NAPPRA plants in the Plants for Planting Manual

(effective April 18, 2018).

Prohibited articles taxa (7 CFR 319.37-2a) (includes seeds only if specifically

mentioned) which are listed in plants for planting manual as NAPPRA: Effective April

18, 2018).

NAPPRA Plants From the Prohibited Articles List (146.54 KB)

Federal Register Publications

Final Notice, Round 3–Notice of Decision To Add Taxa of Plants for Planting That

Are Quarantine Pests or Hosts of Quarantine Pests to the Lists of Plants for

Planting Whose Importation Is Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis

(effective July 02, 2021)

Final Rule–"Importation of Plants for Planting" restructure rule (effective April

18, 2018)

Final Notice, Round 2–Plants for Planting Whose Importation Is Not Authorized

Pending Pest Risk Analysis; Notice of Addition of Taxa of Plants for Planting To
List of Taxa Whose Importation Is Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis

(effective June 19, 2017)

Extension of Approval of Plants for Planting Information Collection, Docket

APHIS-2014-0038 (published June 5, 2014)

Final Notice, Round 1–Plants for Planting Whose Importation Is Not Authorized

Pending Pest Risk Analysis; Notice of Addition of Taxa of Plants for Planting to

List of Taxa Whose Importation Is Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis

(effective May 20, 2013)

Final Rule–Importation of Plants for Planting; Establishing a Category of Plants

for Planting Not Authorized for Importation Pending Pest Risk Analysis (effective

June 27, 2011)

Other Resources

Regulatory Impact Analysis; Importation of Plants for Planting; Establishing a

Category of Plants for Planting Not Authorized for Importation Pending Pest Risk

Analysis

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NAPPRA

Email: ppq.nappra@usda.gov