The list of completed WRAs that is presented on the next worksheet (or below if you are viewing 

the PDF version), only includes species that have been evaluated with PPQ's current weed risk 

assessment process. Below is a description of the column headings and the data that are 

summarized by that column. 

Species and Authority - This column identifies the species current scientific name and the author of the 

name. 

Common Name - Although each species may have many common names, we present the one we felt to 

be the most widely used English common name. 

Family - This is the accepted family name of the taxon. 

E/S Score - Establish/Spread potential risk score from the WRA model. This risk score ranges from 

about -25 to potentially more than +25. The higher the value, the greater the taxon's ability to escape, 

naturalize, and spread. 

Imp Score - Impact potential risk score from the WRA model. This score ranges from 1 (no documented 

evidence of impact) to 5.1 (maximum possible impact under the WRA model). 

Risk Result - This is the main result from the WRA logistic regression model: HR (High Risk), EF 

(Evaluate Further), or LR (Low Risk). 

Secondary Screening - If the species was classified as EF (Evaluate Further) by the main model, it 

undergoes a secondary screening process that focuses on a few factors that were very predictive of risk 

potential in our study. Following secondary evaluation, species may be classified as HR (High Risk), LR 

(Low Risk), or as MR (Moderate Risk). Note that in older WRAs, species were labeled as Evaluate 

Further instead of Moderate Risk. If the taxon did not undergo secondary screening, N/A (Not 

Applicable) is entered into this column 

P(Major-Invader) - Probability of being a major-invader. This value is one of the products from the 

logistic regression model. The sum of this value and the other two probabilities is always 100% 

P(Minor-Invader) - Probability of being a minor-invader. This value is one of the products from the 

logistic regression model. The sum of this value and the other two probabilities is always 100% 

P(Non-Invader) - Probability of being a non-invader. This value is one of the products from the logistic 

regression model. The sum of this value and the other two probabilities is always 100% 

Date Last Modified - For a variety of reasons, WRAs are sometimes revised. This column gives the last 

data of a revision. 

Orig FY - Original Fiscal Year. This column lists the fiscal year (October - September) when the original 

WRA was completed. 

Ver. - WRA version number. Each time a WRA is revised, it recieves a new version number. 

Risk & Uncertainty - Mousing over a cell will display a jpeg image of the risk result of the species and 

the results of the uncertainty analysis. Starting in 2019, the uncertainty results were graphed with the risk 

score plot that shows the risk score for the taxon being analyzed (black square) along with the risk scores 

of the 204 species used to develop and test the PPQ WRA. 
Geopotential Map - Mousing over a cell will display a jpeg image of the results of the geographic 

potential analysis. Starting in 2020, the geopgraphic potential map also includes information about the 

current known naturalized distribition of the taxon in the United States and Canada. This graph is not 

available in the PDF version of the summary. 
Species and Authority Common Name Family 

E/S 

Score 

Imp 

Score 

Risk 

Result 

Secondary 

Screening 

P(MajorInvader) P(Minor- Invader) P(Non- Invader) Orig FY V

Acalypha australis L. Asian copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 8 2.1 EF EF 27.2% 65.3% 7.5% 2012 

Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Bristly starbur Asteraceae 18 3.1 HR N/A 87.8% 11.8% 0.4% 2015 

Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai Japanese chaff flower Amaranthaceae 17 2.3 HR N/A 77.8% 21.3% 0.9% 2012 

Adonis aestivalis L. Summer pheasant’s-eye Ranunculaceae 16 2.9 HR N/A 79.9% 19.3% 0.8% 2019 

Adonis microcarpa DC. Pheasant’s-eye Ranunculaceae 10 2.4 HR N/A 41.7% 54.2% 4.1% 2016 

Aegilops geniculata Roth Ovate goatgrass Poaceae 31 4.1 HR N/A 99.6% 0.3% 0.0% 2017 

Aegilops neglecta Req. ex Bertol. Three-awn goatgrass Poaceae 31 4.1 HR N/A 99.6% 0.3% 0.0% 2017 

Aegilops triuncialis L. Barb goatgrass Poaceae 31 4.1 HR N/A 99.6% 0.3% 0.0% 2017 

Ageratum conyzoides L. Billygoat plant Asteraceae 21 3.6 HR N/A 95.2% 4.7% 0.2% 2019 

Agrostis stolonifera L Creeping bentgrass Poaceae 23 3.7 HR N/A 97.1% 2.8% 0.1% 2011 

Agrostis stolonifera L (GE herbicide Creeping bentgrass Poaceae 24 3.7 HR N/A 97.7% 2.2% 0.1% 2011 

Alectra vogelii Benth. Yellow witchweed Orobanchaceae 16 2.5 HR N/A 75.8% 23.3% 1.0% 2019 

Alternanthera reineckii Temple plant Amaranthaceae 4 1.2 EF EF 7.8% 65.9% 26.3% 2016 

Althaea armeniaca Ten. Marshmallow Malvaceae 1 1.0 LR N/A 3.6% 51.4% 45.0% 2012 

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson Palmer's amaranth Amaranthaceae 28 2.8 HR N/A 98.4% 1.5% 0.0% 2019 

Anubias barteri Schott (none) Araceae -9 1.0 LR N/A 0.3% 10.0% 89.6% 2013 

Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. Common windgrass Poaceae 22 2.5 HR N/A 92.8% 7.0% 0.2% 2016 

Araujia sericifera Brot. Cruel plant Apocynaceae 16 3.8 HR N/A 87.2% 12.3% 0.4% 2012 

Ardisia crenata Sims Coralberry ardisia Myrsinaceae 12 2.8 HR N/A 59.3% 38.6% 2.0% 2012 

Arundo donax L. Giant reed Poaceae 13 3.3 HR N/A 71.4% 27.4% 1.2% 2012 

Asphodelus fistulosus L. Onion weed Asphodelaceae 15 3.7 HR N/A 83.6% 15.8% 0.6% 2019 

Austroderia richardii (Endl.) N. P. Barker & H. P. Linder 

New Zealand pampas grass 

Poaceae 9 3.0 HR N/A 44.8% 51.6% 3.6% 2014 

Bacopa australis V.C. Souza (none) Scrophulariaceae 5 1.0 EF EF 8.7% 67.2% 24.2% 2013 

Bifora radians M. Bieb Wild bishop Apiaceae 14 2.2 HR HR 61.9% 36.2% 1.8% 2016 

Bothriocline laxa N. E. Br. Kapanthi Asteraceae 3 2.1 EF EF 10.3% 68.8% 20.8% 2015 

Brassica carinata A. Braun Ethiopian mustard Brassicaceae 5 1.2 EF EF 9.7% 68.3% 22.0% 2015 

Brassica tournefortii Gouan Sahara mustard Brassicaceae 25 4.1 HR N/A 98.6% 1.4% 0.0% 2021 

Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R. W. Haines Beard of the lion Cyperaceae 3 2.3 EF EF 11.5% 69.6% 18.9% 2015 

Bunias erucago L. Southern warty cabbage Brassicaceae 6 1.2 EF EF 11.9% 69.8% 18.3% 2017 

Calendula arvensis L. Field marigold Asteraceae 17 2.3 HR HR 77.8% 21.3% 0.9% 2016 

Calicotome spinosa (L.) Link Spiny-broom Fabaceae 9 3.5 HR N/A 52.3% 45.0% 2.7% 2021 

Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. Balloon vine Sapindaceae 17 2.5 HR N/A 79.8% 19.4% 0.8% 2013 

Carex breviculmis R. Br. Short-stem sedge Cyperaceae 5 1.5 EF EF 11.4% 69.5% 19.1% 2012 

Carex pendula Huds. Pendulous sedge Cyperaceae 9 2.3 EF EF 34.7% 59.9% 5.4% 2013 

Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. Wild Safflower Asteraceae 7 2.2 EF MR 23.8% 67.3% 8.8% 2020 

Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower Asteraceae 4 1.0 EF MR 7.0% 64.3% 28.7% 2020 

Cestrum laevigatum Schltdl. Inkberry Solanaceae 10 3.4 HR N/A 56.6% 41.1% 2.3% 2013 
Chondrilla juncea L. Rush skeletonweed Asteraceae 20 3.3 HR N/A 92.8% 6.9% 0.2% 2016 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. Boneseed; Bitou bush Asteraceae 16 2.6 HR N/A 76.8% 22.3% 0.9% 2013 

Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Golden false beardgrass Poaceae 19 3.0 HR N/A 89.5% 10.1% 0.4% 2013 

Coleostephus myconis (L.) Cass. - Mediterranean marigold Asteraceae 21 2.8 HR HR 92.4% 7.4% 0.2% 2017 

Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Mopane Fabaceae -5 2.4 LR N/A 2.0% 38.8% 59.1% 2013 Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Black sage Boraginaceae 11 2.9 HR N/A 55.0% 42.6% 2.4% 2013 

Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Jubata grass Poaceae 17 4.1 HR N/A 91.2% 8.5% 0.3% 2014 

Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Pampas grass Poaceae 15 4.3 HR N/A 87.9% 11.6% 0.4% 2014 

Corydalis incisa (Thunb.) Pers. Incised fumewort Papaveraceae 18 3.1 HR HR 87.8% 11.8% 0.4% 2017 

Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Swamp stonecrop Crassulaceae 21 3.9 HR N/A 95.9% 3.9% 0.1% 2013 

Cryptocoryne beckettii Thwaites ex Trimen. 

Beckett’s water trumpet Araceae 11 1.9 HR N/A 40.1% 55.5% 4.3% 2016 

Delairea odorata Lem Cape ivy Asteraceae 14 3.4 HR N/A 77.0% 22.1% 0.9% 2013 

Diplotaxis viminea (L.) DC. Vineyard wall rocket Brassicaceae 1 1.3 EF EF 4.2% 55.2% 40.6% 2016 

Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Stinkwort Asteraceae 20 3.2 HR N/A 92.4% 7.3% 0.2% 2013 

Dolichandra unguis-cat i (L.) L. G. Lohmann 

Cat's-claw Bignoniaceae 14 3.4 HR N/A 77.0% 22.1% 0.9% 2013 

Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitch. & Chase 

Antelope grass Poaceae 13 3.5 HR N/A 73.8% 25.2% 1.1% 2012 

Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. Uruguay sword plant Alismataceae 1 1.0 LR N/A 3.6% 51.4% 45.0% 2013 

Echium plantagineum L. Paterson’s Curse Boraginaceae 24 2.8 HR N/A 96.1% 3.8% 0.1% 2017 

Euphorbia falcata L. Sickle spurge Euphorbiaceae 9 1.3 EF HR 22.6% 68.0% 9.4% 2017 

Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. Sickleweed Apiaceae 14 3.6 HR N/A 79.1% 20.1% 0.8% 2012 

Ficaria verna Huds. Fig buttercup Ranunculaceae 17 2.8 HR N/A 82.6% 16.8% 0.6% 2015 

Fumaria schleicheri Soy.-Will Fumitory Papaveraceae 13 1.5 HR N/A 45.8% 50.8% 3.5% 2016 

Geranium lucidum L. Shining cranesbill Geraniaceae 17 2.5 HR N/A 79.8% 19.4% 0.8% 2013 

Gladiolus undulatus L. Wavy gladiolus Iridaceae 11 2.0 HR N/A 41.6% 54.3% 4.1% 2012 

Glycine max (L.) Merr. Soybeans Fabaceae 2 1.6 EF EF 6.3% 62.7% 31.1% 2014 

Glycine max (L.) Merr. (GE herbicide resistant) 

Soybeans (GE herbicide resistant) 

Fabaceae 3 2.4 EF EF 12.1% 69.9% 18.0% 2014 

Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Senegal tea plant Asteraceae 16 3.4 HR N/A 84.3% 15.1% 0.6% 2012 Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. Rock hakea Proteaceae 7 3.3 EF HR 37.8% 57.5% 4.7% 2013 

Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B. L. Burtt. Finger hakea Proteaceae 5 2.1 EF HR 15.5% 70.3% 14.1% 2013 

Hakea sericea Schrad. & J. C. Wendl. Bushy needlewood Proteaceae 9 3.8 HR N/A 56.8% 41.0% 2.3% 2012 

Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex. 

K G l 

Kahili ginger lily Zingiberaceae 15 3.7 HR N/A 83.6% 15.8% 0.6% 2012 

Heliotropium europaeum L. European heliotrope Boraginaceae 19 2.7 HR N/A 87.7% 11.9% 0.4% 2014 

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. Shortpod mustard Brassicaceae 20 3.7 HR N/A 94.3% 5.5% 0.2% 2017 

Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Hydrilla Hydrocharitaceae 24 4.3 HR N/A 98.4% 1.6% 0.0% 2020 

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. European frogbit Hydrocharitaceae 14 3.2 HR N/A 74.8% 24.2% 1.0% 2017 
Hydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl. 

ex Willd.) Buchenau 

Water poppy Alismataceae 10 2.9 HR N/A 49.2% 47.8% 3.0% 2021 

Hygrophila corymbosa (Blume) Lindau Temple plant Acanthaceae 13 1.2 HR N/A 41.3% 54.5% 4.1% 2015 

Hygrophila difformis (L. f.) Blume Water wisteria Acanthaceae 16 1.6 HR N/A 64.5% 33.9% 1.6% 2015 

Hygrophila pinnatifida (Dalzell) Sreem Fern hygrophila Acanthaceae 9 1.2 EF EF 21.5% 68.5% 9.9% 2015 

Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson 

Miramar weed Acanthaceae 21 3.6 HR N/A 95.2% 4.7% 0.2% 2015 

Impatiens parviflora DC. Smallflower touch-menot; small balsam Balsaminaceae 20 2.5 HR N/A 88.9% 10.7% 0.4% 2013 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Cogongrass Poaceae 19 4.7 HR N/A 96.0% 3.9% 0.1% 2019 

Ipomoea biflora (L.) Pers. Bell vine Convolvulaceae 3 2.1 EF EF 10.3% 68.8% 20.8% 2015 Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Water spinach Convolvulaceae 17 3.6 HR N/A 88.5% 11.1% 0.4% 2020 

Iris pseudacorus L. Yellow flag iris Iridaceae 13 4.2 HR N/A 81.1% 18.2% 0.7% 2013 

Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut Euphorbiaceae 7 3.0 EF EF 33.6% 60.7% 5.6% 2015 

Knautia integrifolia (Honck. ex L.) Bertol. Whole-leaved scabious Caprifoliaceae 11 1.6 EF HR 35.9% 59.0% 5.1% 2016 

Leptochilus pteropus (Blume) Fraser-Jenk. Java fern Polypodiaceae 1 1.0 LR N/A 3.6% 51.4% 45.0% 2013 

Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet Oleaceae 14 3.3 HR N/A 75.9% 23.1% 0.9% 2012 

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis (Glaziou) Affolter Brazilian micro sword Apiaceae 13 1.2 HR N/A 41.3% 54.5% 4.1% 2017 

Lilaeopsis mauritiana G. Petersen & Affolter 

Mauritius micro sword Apiaceae 0 1.0 LR N/A 2.8% 46.3% 50.9% 2017 

Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine 

South American spongeplant 

Hydrocharitaceae 18 3.4 HR N/A 89.6% 10.1% 0.4% 2011 

Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth. None Plantaginaceae 3 2.1 EF MR 10.3% 68.8% 20.8% 2020 

Limnophila sessiliflora Blume Ambulia Plantaginaceae 18 3.4 HR N/A 89.6% 10.1% 0.4% 2020 

Luziola subintegra Swallen. Tropical American 

watergrass 

Poaceae 14 3.7 HR N/A 80.1% 19.2% 0.7% 2011 

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake 

Melaleuca Myrtaceae 18 4.3 HR N/A 93.7% 6.1% 0.2% 2020 

Mercurialis annua L. Annual mercury Euphorbiaceae 23 3.2 HR N/A 96.1% 3.8% 0.1% 2016 

Mikania micrantha Kunth. Mile-a-minute Asteraceae 20 4.3 HR N/A 95.9% 3.9% 0.1% 2011 

Mimosa pudica L. Sensitive plant Fabaceae 17 2.9 HR N/A 83.4% 16.0% 0.6% 2014 

Myagrum perfoliatum L. Bird’s-eye cress Brassicaceae 20 2.5 HR N/A 88.9% 10.7% 0.4% 2017 

Myriophyllum mattogrossensis Hoehne None Haloragaceae 6 1.2 EF EF 11.9% 69.8% 18.3% 2017 Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth 

Chilean needlegrass Poaceae 23 4.3 HR N/A 98.0% 2.0% 0.1% 2013 

Neptunia oleracea Lour. Water mimosa Fabaceae 14 3.1 HR N/A 73.7% 25.3% 1.1% 2012 

Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze Crested floating heart Menyanthaceae 12 3.3 HR N/A 66.3% 32.2% 1.5% 2012 

Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Water snowflake Menyanthaceae 14 2.3 HR N/A 63.4% 34.9% 1.7% 2012 

Nymphoides peltata (S. G. Gmel.) Kuntze Yellow floating heart Menyanthaceae 18 4.1 HR N/A 92.9% 6.9% 0.2% 2012 Onopordum acaulon L. Stemless thistle Asteraceae 21 2.4 HR N/A 90.5% 9.2% 0.3% 2020 

Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. undulatifolius (Ard.) U. Scholz 

Wavyleaf basketgrass Poaceae 15 3.3 HR N/A 80.0% 19.3% 0.8% 2011 

Oxalis hispidula Zucc. Bristly wood sorrel Oxalidaceae -2 1.1 LR N/A 1.9% 37.1% 61.0% 2016 

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross Chinese knotweed Polygonaceae 19 3.3 HR N/A 91.1% 8.6% 0.3% 2013 
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross Nepal knotweed Polygonaceae 18 3.8 HR N/A 91.6% 8.1% 0.3% 2015 

Phalaris brachystachys Link Short-spike canary grass Poaceae 10 2.3 HR N/A 40.3% 55.4% 4.3% 2016 

Phalaris paradoxa L. Awned canary grass Poaceae 18 2.8 HR N/A 85.7% 13.8% 0.5% 2016 

Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel Egyptian broomrape Orobanchaceae 16 2.6 HR N/A 76.8% 22.3% 0.9% 2019 

Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel Branched broomrape Orobanchaceae 22 3.1 HR N/A 94.9% 5.0% 0.2% 2019 

Philydrum lanuginosum Banks ex Gaertn. Woolly frogs mouth Philydraceae 13 1.8 HR N/A 50.3% 46.8% 2.9% 2016 

Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll. Arg. Red root floater Phyllanthaceae 13 2.4 HR N/A 59.2% 38.8% 2.0% 2011 

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Canoe weed Phyllanthaceae 4 1.6 EF EF 9.7% 68.3% 21.9% 2012 

Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Rivière 

Golden bamboo Poaceae 8 3.2 HR N/A 42.0% 54.0% 4.0% 2012 

Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure Yellow groove bamboo Poaceae 5 2.6 EF HR 19.9% 69.2% 10.8% 2012 Pilea hyalina Fenzl (none) Urticaceae 8 1.1 EF EF 17.0% 70.1% 12.9% 2012 

Pistacia chinensis Bunge Chinese pistache Anacardiaceae 1 1.7 EF HR 5.3% 59.7% 34.9% 2013 

Pogostemon erectus (Dalzell) Kuntze None Lamiaceae 5 1.0 EF EF 8.7% 67.2% 24.2% 2017 

Pogostemon helferi (Hook. f.) Press Downoi Lamiaceae 5 1.0 EF EF 8.7% 67.2% 24.2% 2017 

Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze Water star Lamiaceae 8 1.2 EF EF 17.8% 69.9% 12.2% 2017 Praxelis clematidea R. M. King & H. Rob. Praxelis Asteraceae 22 3.4 HR N/A 95.7% 4.2% 0.1% 2010 Rotala macrandra Koehne Giant red Rotala Lythraceae 2 1.0 EF EF 4.5% 56.3% 39.3% 2016 

Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne 

Roundleaf toothcup Lythraceae 14 3.5 HR N/A 78.1% 21.1% 0.8% 2016 

Rotala wallichii (Hook. f.) Koehne Whorly rotala Lythraceae 0 1.0 LR N/A 2.8% 46.3% 50.9% 2015 Rumex confertus Willd. Russian dock Polygonaceae 18 2.7 HR N/A 84.9% 14.5% 0.5% 2016 

Rumex sagittatus Thunb. Climbing dock Polygonaceae 12 2.5 HR N/A 54.9% 42.7% 2.4% 2013 

Saccharum spontaneum L. Wild sugarcane Poaceae 19 4.2 HR HR 94.6% 5.2% 0.2% 2016 

Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Arrowhead Alismataceae 13 3.0 HR N/A 67.6% 31.0% 1.4% 2020 

Senecio angulatus L. f. Cape ivy Asteraceae 15 2.2 HR N/A 67.3% 31.2% 1.4% 2013 

Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. Eastern groundsel Asteraceae 11 2.3 HR N/A 46.0% 50.5% 3.4% 2016 Sideritis montana L. Mountain ironwort Lamiaceae 10 2.2 HR N/A 38.8% 56.6% 4.6% 2012 

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Sticky nightshade Solanaceae 18 2.4 HR N/A 82.5% 16.9% 0.6% 2013 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench nothosubsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse 

Shattercane Poaceae 21 2.6 HR N/A 91.5% 8.2% 0.3% 2015 

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnsongrass Poaceae 26 4.0 HR N/A 98.8% 1.2% 0.0% 2015 Stratiotes aloides L. Water soldier Hydrocharitaceae 15 2.8 HR HR 74.7% 24.3% 1.0% 2016 

Thesium ramosum Hayne Thesium Thesiaceae 9 2.4 EF HR 36.1% 58.8% 5.1% 2019 

Thlaspi arvense L. Field pennycress Brassicaceae 22 3.3 HR N/A 95.4% 4.4% 0.1% 2015 Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss. & Germ. Spurge flax Thymelaeaceae 9 2.0 EF HR 30.8% 62.9% 6.4% 2013 

Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem. Chinese toon Meliaceae 5 2.0 EF HR 14.8% 70.4% 14.9% 2012 

Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. Bristlefruit hedgeparsley Apiaceae 11 1.4 EF HR 33.2% 61.1% 5.7% 2017 

Trapa natans L. Water chestnut Lythraceae 18 3.4 HR HR 89.6% 10.1% 0.4% 2016 Tridax procumbens L. Coat buttons Asteraceae 18 2.6 HR N/A 84.2% 15.3% 0.6% 2018 

Triplaris melaenodendron (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm. 

Long John Polygonaceae 4 1.0 EF EF 7.0% 64.3% 28.7% 2013 
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. 

Bip. 

Scentless mayweed Asteraceae 22 2.9 HR N/A 94.2% 5.6% 0.2% 2018 

Vitex rotundifolia L. f. Beach vitex Lamiaceae 16 3.0 HR N/A 80.8% 18.4% 0.7% 2013 

Volutaria tubuliflora (Murb.) Sennen Desert knapweed Asteraceae 12 2.2 HR N/A 50.4% 46.7% 2.9% 2020 

Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey. Tiebush Thymelaeaceae 5 2.9 EF HR 22.9% 67.8% 9.2% 2013 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Yellowhorn Sapindaceae -6 1.0 LR N/A 0.7% 18.3% 81.0% 2013 Zea mays L. subsp. mays Maize Poaceae 1 1.2 EF EF 4.0% 54.0% 42.0% 2014 

Zea mays L. subsp. mays (GE herbicide resistant) 

Maize (GE herbicide resistant) 

Poaceae 2 2.4 EF EF 9.8% 68.4% 21.8% 2014