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NVAP Reference Guide: National

Poultry Improvement Plan

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NVAP Reference Guide: Table of Contents

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Preface

Introduction

Control and Eradication

Brucellosis

Johne’s Disease

Pseudorabies (PRV)

Tuberculosis

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Scrapie

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

Poultry
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)

Avian Influenza (AI)

Exotic Newcastle disease (END)

Equine Disease

Aquatic Animal

Aquatic Animal National Health Plan

Aquatic Animal Health Activities

Animal Health Emergency Management

Animal Health Emergency Management

Emergency Response Structure

National Response Framework (NRF)

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)

Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)

FAD Recognition and Initial Response

National Animal Health Emergency Response Corps (NAHERC)

Notifiable Diseases and Conditions

WOAH and International Standards

Cleaning and Disinfection

Importance of Cleaning & Disinfection

Cleaning

Disinfection

Regulation of Disinfectants

Safety

Disease Surveillance

Laboratory Submissions

Animal Movement

Interstate Regulations

Interstate Movement of Cattle, Horses, Swine, Sheep and Goats

Issuing Interstate Animal Movement Documents

International Animal Movement

Issuing International Health Certificates (IHCs) for Live Animal Movement

Common Problems Observed on Certificates for Live Animal Movement
Animal Identification 

Animal Identification

Cattle Identification

Swine Identification

Equine Identification

Sheep and Goat Identification

Fowl Identification

Compliance and Regulations

Appendix

A: 9 CFR PARTS 160, 161, and 162

B: APHIS VS District Offices

C: State Animal Health Officials

D: Forms

E: Other Organizational Information with Contact Points

F: Web Sites

G: Equine Teeth and Aging

The NPIP is a voluntary federal-state cooperative testing and certification program

for poultry breeding flocks, baby chicks, poults, hatching eggs, hatcheries, and

dealers. It became operative in 1935 with a three-pronged focus on certifying

breeding stock, bird performance, and the elimination of bacillary white diarrhea

(caused by Salmonella pullorum). The objective of the NPIP is to provide a

cooperative federal-state program through which to effectively apply new

technology to the improvement of poultry  and poultry products by establishing

standards for the evaluation (testing) of poultry breeding stock, baby chicks, poults,

and hatching eggs with respect to freedom from certain diseases. 

The diseases covered by the NPIP are avian influenza (fowl plague) and those

produced by S. pullorum (pullorum disease), S. gallinarum (fowl typhoid), S. enterica

var. enteritidis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG, chronic respiratory disease, and

infectious sinusitis in turkeys), M. synoviae (MS, infectious synovitis), and M.

meleagridis (MM, day-old airsacculitis). In addition, the NPIP has programs such as

“U.S. Salmonella Monitored” and “U.S. Sanitation Monitored” that are intended to
reduce the incidence of salmonella organisms in hatching eggs, chicks, and poults

through effective and practical sanitation procedures at the breeder farm and in the

hatchery. 

The NPIP defines poultry as domesticated fowl, including chickens, turkeys,

ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries, waterfowl, and game birds (except doves and

pigeons) bred primarily to produce eggs and meat. Three types of participants are

involved in the NPIP: independent flocks, hatcheries, and dealers. The poultry

products certified by the NPIP are hatching eggs, baby chicks, poults, and started

pullets. The vast majority of U.S. states prohibit the entry of any poultry shipments

except those designated as pullorum-typhoid clean. Essentially, such bans mean

that poultry moving interstate should participate in the “U.S. Pullorum-Typhoid

Clean” program of the NPIP or be tested negative for pullorum-typhoid before

leaving their home state. Fifteen states require that all shipments of turkeys they

receive be MG clean. Essentially, that requirement means that turkeys moving

interstate should participate in the “U.S. MG Clean” program of the NPIP or be tested

free of MG before shipment.

Most U.S. trading partners importing poultry and products from the United States

also require NPIP participation. Accredited veterinarians may be requested to inspect

breeder flocks participating in the NPIP for compliance with the standards and to

issue health certifications. Every spring, APHIS publishes a directory of participants

handling egg-type and meat-type chickens and turkeys and a directory of

participants handling waterfowl, exhibition poultry, game birds, and ratites. These

directories list hatcheries, independent flocks, and dealers participating in the NPIP,

the products they handle, and the disease classifications they participate in. 

Other information about the program can be obtained from the:

NPIP, USDA–APHIS –VS 

1506 Klondike Rd, Suite 101   

Conyers, GA 30094

Information can also be obtained on the NPIP Web site:

http://www.poultryimprovement.org/