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NVAP Reference Guide: Pseudorabies

(Control and Eradication)

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NVAP Reference Guide: Table of Contents

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Preface

Introduction

Control and Eradication

Brucellosis

Johne’s Disease

Pseudorabies (PRV)

Tuberculosis

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Scrapie

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

Poultry
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)

Avian Influenza (AI)

Exotic Newcastle disease (END)

Equine Disease

Aquatic Animal

Aquatic Animal National Health Plan

Aquatic Animal Health Activities

Animal Health Emergency Management

Animal Health Emergency Management

Emergency Response Structure

National Response Framework (NRF)

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)

Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)

FAD Recognition and Initial Response

National Animal Health Emergency Response Corps (NAHERC)

Notifiable Diseases and Conditions

WOAH and International Standards

Cleaning and Disinfection

Importance of Cleaning & Disinfection

Cleaning

Disinfection

Regulation of Disinfectants

Safety

Disease Surveillance

Laboratory Submissions

Animal Movement

Interstate Regulations

Interstate Movement of Cattle, Horses, Swine, Sheep and Goats

Issuing Interstate Animal Movement Documents

International Animal Movement

Issuing International Health Certificates (IHCs) for Live Animal Movement

Common Problems Observed on Certificates for Live Animal Movement
Animal Identification 

Animal Identification

Cattle Identification

Swine Identification

Equine Identification

Sheep and Goat Identification

Fowl Identification

Compliance and Regulations

Appendix

A: 9 CFR PARTS 160, 161, and 162

B: APHIS VS District Offices

C: State Animal Health Officials

D: Forms

E: Other Organizational Information with Contact Points

F: Web Sites

G: Equine Teeth and Aging

Pseudorabies is a contagious, infectious, and communicable viral disease of

livestock. The pig is the only natural host. However, pseudorabies virus (PRV) can

infect most mammals, to include, cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, and wild animals

such as opossums, raccoons, rodents, and skunks, except humans, horses and

birds. 

Transmission of PRV can occur by direct nose-to-nose contact or venereally,

including insemination with infected semen or transplacental transmission. Indirect

transmission can occur by inhalation of aerosolized virus or ingestion of

contaminated water.  

PRV is still found in feral swine populations.  All feral swine should be considered a

potential risk for PRV and other diseases of swine. The PRV virus commonly found in

feral swine primarily transmits through sexual contact. That said, other transmission

methods as described above are possible.  Biosecurity to prevent feral swine
exposure is important to protect swine.  

In general, the virus infects the central nervous system (CNS) and the respiratory

tract. Clinical signs observed depend on the age at time of infection. Young swine

are very susceptible and can develop severe CNS symptoms. Mortality can reach

100 percent in piglets. Clinical signs in weaned pigs, depends on age. Few weaned

pigs develop a fatal CNS disease but more often will develop a respiratory disease.  

Grower finishing swine typically develop only a respiratory disease component. Adult

swine may have a respiratory disease component and if pregnant, depending on the

trimester of pregnancy, may abort, have stillborns or give birth to weak piglets.  

Pigs of all ages display a generalized febrile response, anorexia, and weight loss.

Infected pigs remain latently infected following clinical recovery.  

PRV Program

Through State-Federal- Industry efforts, PRV was eradicated from the commercial

industry in 2004. The U.S. commercial industry has remained free. Learn more about

swine programs including the PRV program.

Interstate Shipment

If you are testing for interstate shipment, contact the State animal health official in

the destination State for specific requirements.

International Export

When preparing to test and certify an animal for international export, become

familiar with the requirements by visiting the National Center for Import and Export,

Animal Regulations Library.

You should also contact the APHIS –VS Area Offices to confirm the current

requirements for the destination country and to get additional guidance. 

As an alternative, you may have the exporter or broker contact the ministry of

agriculture of the importing country for specific regulations and the need for any

permits.