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NVAP Reference Guide: Animal

Health Emergency Management

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NVAP Reference Guide: Table of Contents

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Preface

Introduction

Control and Eradication

Brucellosis

Johne’s Disease

Pseudorabies (PRV)

Tuberculosis

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Scrapie

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

Poultry
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)

Avian Influenza (AI)

Exotic Newcastle disease (END)

Equine Disease

Aquatic Animal

Aquatic Animal National Health Plan

Aquatic Animal Health Activities

Animal Health Emergency Management

Animal Health Emergency Management

Emergency Response Structure

National Response Framework (NRF)

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)

Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)

FAD Recognition and Initial Response

National Animal Health Emergency Response Corps (NAHERC)

Notifiable Diseases and Conditions

WOAH and International Standards

Cleaning and Disinfection

Importance of Cleaning & Disinfection

Cleaning

Disinfection

Regulation of Disinfectants

Safety

Disease Surveillance

Laboratory Submissions

Animal Movement

Interstate Regulations

Interstate Movement of Cattle, Horses, Swine, Sheep and Goats

Issuing Interstate Animal Movement Documents

International Animal Movement

Issuing International Health Certificates (IHCs) for Live Animal Movement

Common Problems Observed on Certificates for Live Animal Movement
Animal Identification 

Animal Identification

Cattle Identification

Swine Identification

Equine Identification

Sheep and Goat Identification

Fowl Identification

Compliance and Regulations

Appendix

A: 9 CFR PARTS 160, 161, and 162

B: APHIS VS District Offices

C: State Animal Health Officials

D: Forms

E: Other Organizational Information with Contact Points

F: Web Sites

G: Equine Teeth and Aging

The strength and success of the U.S. agricultural economy are largely due to the

bonds forged by the government, veterinarians, and producers in preventing,

controlling, and eradicating foreign animal diseases (FADs). In an era characterized

by unprecedented levels of international transportation and trade, the threats posed

by FADs (either accidentally or intentionally introduced) have never been greater. 

FADs can enter the United States accidentally through the importation of infected

animals or animal products. Such diseases can be carried inadvertently into our

country via contaminated clothing, shoes, or other objects. An act of terrorism can

also introduce FADs. Once introduced, a FAD may be very difficult to control and

eradicate because of the high potential for animal exposure from high livestock

concentrations and movements of market-bound animals. Pathogens spread by

wildlife can pose an additional problem for control and eradication.

Even a single case of a FAD, like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), would negatively

impact the U.S. economy due to the international and interstate restrictions that

would be imposed on the trade of livestock and livestock products. The spread of
FADs would have impacts that could include the failure of individual farms and

potential effects on other segments of the U.S. economy. Other significant costs

would be incurred in controlling the spread of disease pathogens by animal

depopulation or vaccination, cleaning and disinfecting livestock environments, and

disposing of animal carcasses. These activities also generate concern about the

environment. In addition to impacts on the economy and the environment, many

FADs are zoonotic and, therefore, also present potentially significant threats to

public health. 

Outbreaks of FADs in the United States (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in

1971, exotic Newcastle disease in 1971-73 and 2002–03, highly pathogenic avian

influenza (HPAI) in 1983-84), and overseas (FMD in the United Kingdom in 2001,

Japan in 2010, and North and South Korea in 2010-11; HPAI H5N1 in Asia, Africa, and

Europe from 2003 to 2011), have underscored the dangers these diseases pose to

U.S. livestock and poultry. Our livestock, poultry, and wildlife populations have little

or no immunity to such diseases, which, if introduced, could cause potentially

catastrophic losses to the American animal industry and threaten the availability of

the safe, wholesome, affordable, abundant food supply Americans currently enjoy. 

APHIS Veterinary Services safeguards U.S. poultry and livestock from the

introduction, establishment, and spread of FADs. This involves regular health

surveillance of our domestic animal herds and flocks and monitoring of animal

disease outbreaks around the world. APHIS also works with other federal agencies at

airports and maritime ports to inspect and approve incoming shipments of animals

and animal products.