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i The processor may employ helpers to assist the inspector, and many (11)
i growers may get the impression that these men are working for the interest °
H of their employers unless the inspector, by his actions, lets it be known

that he is supervising the drawing of the sample. The inspector should

not hesitate to tell helpers to draw additional samples from more con-

‘einers.

The inspector will have to be guided by the type of loading in (12)
setting up a procedure for sampling. Spinach is normally bulk loaded _
onto trucks or packed into field crates for delivery to the plant or
receiving station. Used bushel baskets and other wooden containers are
sometimes used. Also, large wire-bound field boxes that hold approxi-
mately 23 or 2k bushels are used in field loading.

In the case of spinach packed in containers, about one handful of (13).
spinach should be taken from a minimum of 10 or 12 containers from various
parts of the load. In the case of bulk loaded spinach the samples should
be taken as the truck is being loaded or unloaded. In the latter loading,
handfuls of spinach should be taken throughout all parts of the load. A
round stave bushel basket is a convenient container into which to place
the composite sample of spinach. After thorough mixing, a representative
sample of a minimum of 100 ounces of spinach is weighed into another con-
tainer for grading. In case of very large loads the composite sample
should consist of spinach from more than 12 containers and the sample for
grading should be larger than 100 ounces.

In handling the spinach care should be taken to avoid shaking out (1h)
loose dirt, muck or wood chips or other foreign material.

Because of the small sample taken for examination it is absolutely (15)
necessary that it shall be representative of the quality.and condition
of the whole load.

Grading Samples Selected by Other Parties. In some cases, growers (16)
bring in loads after the inspection platform has closed and the inspector
has gone for the day, and one of the processor's employees draws the
sample to be graded the following day. It is obvious that the inspector
should not grade and certify to the quality of such sample as being -

_ “semple of the lot herein described" when he has never seen the lot and
the quality may have materially changed during the night. However, he may
inspect and certify to the grade of sample drawn by other parties and it
is up to the processor and grower whether settlement for the load will be
made on the basis of inspection of the sample. In all such cases, the in-
spector should show the number of containers he inspected in the blank
marked “Number of Containers" and not the number of containers reported in.
be in the load from which they supposedly were drawn. In addition, he
should make the following statement under "Remarks": “This memo restricted
to crates (or other containers) not official sample."



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Care in Recording. The memorandum must be easily legible. All data
recorded during the process of inspection should be complete, neat in
appearance, and clear. All computations should be checked carefully for
errors. Inspectors will be held-responsible for figures being legible on
all copies of the memorandum. Remember that the original memorandum is
sometimes lost, and then it becomes absolutely necessary to use the carbon
copies. =

Correct Numbers and Name. Most of the processors furnish the growers
with a book of forms which are to be filled in by the growers on each load
delivered, These forms give the name of grower, date, and number of pack-
ages in the individual load. The inspector will transpose this information
from this form to the memorandum. No excuse will be accepted for failure
to record this information correctly on the memorandum. -The memoranda are
numbered and may be padded in book form.

Name_of Place, Processor, Grower and Date. The name of the place where
the inspection is made » name of processor and grower, time of. inspection
and date should be filled in on the memorendun just before starting the
inspection, or immediately after the inspection is made. The weight of
the sample to be graded may also be entered at this time. Care should be
taken that this is always filled in as the inspection report would be
worthless without the weight of the sample noted. Where the processor has
obtained authority from Washington to print a supply of inspection memoranda,
to be used in their inspections » it will not be necessary to write in the
name of the processor for it appears on the face of the memoranda.

Recording Counts and Weights. After the defects have been sorted into
the proper containers they should be counted or weighed and. entered in the
proper place as designated on the certificate, Weights are taken only for
securing the total weight of the graded sample and for weighing defects
such as roots, large weeds and spinach demaged by seedstems, etc.

Signing of Inspection Memorandum. The inspector shall sign the mem-
orandum with his full name, or the initials of his given name, and his
lastname in full. This warning is given because some new inspectors have
been found to either initial or simply sign the last name to the memorandum,
Legally either of these signatures would be worthless.

Issuing Restricted Memos on Large Loads at Receiving Stations Where it
is not Possible to Obtain Samples in all Parts of Loads, Memos restricting
the inspection to certain portions of loads may be issued only at receiving
stations located at considerable distances from the processing plant on
large loads where the processor refuses » Or is unwilling, to make the load
accessible. Such is the case when the processor has the inspection made
at outlying receiving stations and then hauls the spinach some distance to
his processing plant. Naturally, it is usually not practicable to break
down large loads to the point of making all parts accessible for sampling
before the long haul to the plant. In such instances, therefore » inspec-
tors may issue memos restricting the inspection to the accessible portion

of the load and stating what portion of the load is restricted; Inspectors


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Sorting the Sample. The procedure in grading the sample may vary’
from area to area depending upon equipment at hand and local conditions,
but the following general procedure should be followed.

After the 100 ounce composite sample has been taken from the basket
the sample is dumped onto the grading table. Experience has demonstrated
that it is good practice to first pick out the good spinach. Place this
spinach into the container from which the sample was taken. Place the

defective spinach and foreign material into the proper containers as
follows:

(1) Decay, mildew, grass, small weeds and leaves which are
demaged by discoloration. These defects must be counted. The U.S. No. 1
Grade allows a total of 20 pieces of this material but limits decay, grass
and small weeds to 15 pieces. The U. S. No. 2 grade permits a total of
4O pieces with no limitations for any factor or group of factors.

(2) Wood, muck chips, or other foreign material. These defects
must _be counted. All pieces of hard foreign material noted above which
are more than 1/2 inch long should be placed in one container. The U. S.
No. 1 grade permits 2 such pieces and the U. S. No. 2 grade permits 3 such
pieces. Pieces less than 12 inch should be left on the table to be
scored along with foreign meterial not over 1/2 inch in length.

(3) Roots, large weeds, seedstems » seedbuds, coarse stalks and
stems, disease other than decay and mildew, insects other than worms,
spray residue, adhering dirt, foreign material not over 1/2 inch in length,
or mechanical or other means. ‘These defects must be weighed. The U. S.
No. 1 grade permits 5 ounces of such factors and the U. 8. No. 2 grade per-
mits 10 ounces (all based on the 100 ounce sample).

(4) Spinach affected with worms. When worms are noted, the
whole plant or individual leaf is scored, by count. Any lot of spinach
which has even one leaf or plant affected with worms shall be reported on
the certificate as unclassified.

GRADE INTERPRETATION

(The only difference between the U. S. No. 1 and
U. S. No. 2 grades is increased tolerances for
the U. S. No. 2 grade).

Stemmy Spinach. Too many long stems in relation to the length of the
leaf blades affect the processing quality of the spinach. Stemmy spinach
in the canned and whole frozen product is often referred to as “spaghetti”.
Too many stems in the chopped and frozen product gives the spinach a
grayish color, The U. S. Standards require that for both U. §. No. 1 and
U. S. No. 2 grades, not more than 25%, by weight, of the spinach in any
lot may consist of leaf stems. This factor is determined by breaking the

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irregularity in Loads. .If:the:quality of the spinach in the load or
lot appears to be irregular to the inspector, he may take additional com-
posite samples, averaging the results of all samples together. ‘The
resulting grade would be the grade reported on the inspection. memorandum.

The Inspection Service should have a definite understanding with the
processor to the effect that he may send back a load for regrading if in
the process of unloading it is show that there is a material difference
between the upper and lower portions of the load. The same pYivilege :
should also be extended to a grower if he feels that he has better spinach
in the bottom of his load. .

In some instances the load may be sent back to the inspection platform
for the examination of portions not accessible for sampling at the time of
the first inspection. If the portion of the load returned for re-sampling
is to be weighed, a new memorandum should be issued on this portion of the
load, and treated as a new inspection without reference to the first in-
spection. The number of containers shown on the first memorandum should
be reduced to agree with the number unloaded before the second weighing.

Some processors may stipulate in their contracts with the growers
that loads showing a material difference in quality of the spinach in the
lower portion of the load from that in the upper portion may be reweighed
and sent back to the grading platform for a grading of the lower portion.

INSPECTION PROCEDURE

Adherence to Contract Specifications. The inspector should obtain a
copy of the contract between the processor and grower from the processing
plant and become thoroughly familiar with it before inspection is started.

Quite. frequently processors will deviate from their contract specifi-
cations. Some processors may even request the inspector to notify the
growers of the deviation from the contract specifications. In no case
should the inspector or Inspection Service assume the processor's respon-
sibility.of notifying the growers of the variation from or return to the
contract specifications. However, the Inspection Service should always
insist that the processor notify the central Inspection Office within
the State in writing of any change from the contract » or a return to the
contract specifications once it has been changed. Such changes in speci-
fications should also be posted at the inspector's platform. The Super-
visor should instruct the inspector in the methods of handling such
changes and inform him regarding the proper notation to be placed on the
memorandum to cover any deviations from the grades.

Inspection Under Artificial Light. In some processing plants, in
order to handle the volume, it may be necessary to inspect spinach under
artificial light. The Inspection Service should insist on the proper
lighting facilities for both the grading table and the place where the
loads are to be sampled. In circumstances of this Kind, the inspector
should consult with the Supervising Inspector regarding proper lighting
facilities.


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foreign material along with dried, brown and yellow leaves, generally
found at the base of the spinach plants, may be present in such lots. Ac-
cording to the grade, stalks or stems which show more than a tinge of pink
or red color should be scored.

Cosrse Stalks and Stems. All coarse stalks and stems are scored (38)
against the grades. The ease by which the spinach stalks and stems may be

broken will give the inspector some idea as to the coarseness or toughness
of the spinach. =

Seedstems and Seedbuds. As the grade states, all seedstems are scored (39)
when seedbuds have formed and are plainly visible. Loose seedbuds are also
objectionable and those more than 1/2 inch in length are scored.

insects. As mentioned previously, the standards permit no worms, and (40)
when any worm is found the load becomes unclassified. The standards re-
quire that the No. 1 and No. 2 grades be free from damage by other insects.
Slight infestation by aphids shall not be considered as damage. As a general
guide, 25 or less aphids per ounce shall be considered slightly infested.
When aphids exceed the above amounts the spinach is damaged by aphids.

Sprey Residue, Adhering Dirt. There is no intent to be too technical (41)

when judging whether individual leaves are damaged by these factors. The
grade states that the spinach is damaged when the above materials cannot be
removed in the normal commercial washing process. If at all possible, the
inspector should observe the factory process in washing the spinach. If
this is impossible, the inspector should try washing spinach leaves that
have adhering caked dirt or spray residue. He should be guided by the ease
with which such material is removed in deciding whether to score the spinach
as being damaged.

Mechanical Injury. This category is handled under the general defini- (42)
tion of damage. The inspector should be careful to not be too technical on
this factor, since mechanically harvested spinach is handled quite roughly.
This factor is not too important to those processors who are chopping spinach.

Other Defects. Other defects should be handled under the general defi- (43)
nition of damage and serious damage. -

INSPECTION MEMORANDUM

Care of Memoranda. Inspectors should take necessary precautions to (44)
prevent blank memoranda from falling into hands of persons who have no right
to use them. Each inspector shall be held responsible for the return of
all unused memoranda to the Supervising Inspector or inspection office at
the close of the season or deal.

Inspectors will receive specific instructions from the Supervising (45)
Inspector with reference to mailing the copy of the memorandum to the
inspection office. Some States desire these mailed daily, while others may
make different arrangements.


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE DIVISION

i FRESH PRODUCTS STANDARDIZATION AND INSPECTION BRANCH

ss cnacannteitnasaih,

SHIPPING POINT INSPECTION HANDBOOK
FOR

SPINACH FOR PROCESSING

Washington, D. c.

Tune 1957

For Use of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable. Inspectors

Agriculture - Washington


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(2). Appeal on Grading. If either the processor or grower -
questions the accuracy of an inspector's report because of grade inter=
pretation, he may request an anpeal inspection to verify his contention.
Such a reques’s us: 7 cSnact be granted at outlying plants or receiving
stations where only one inspector is located unless a Keyman or Super-
vising Inspector happens to be in the immediate vicinity. If either
one of the latter is not available, the inspector should endeavor to
adjust the difficulty, perhaps by taking additional samples and giving
a detailed explanation of the reasons for his scoring. -If a processor
or grower is still not satisfied with the inspector's interpretation of
grade factors, it is, of course, his privilege to notify the inspector
or Supervising Inspector of this dissatisfaction and it then becomes the
duty of the Supervisor to take such steps as he deems necessary to correct
the situation. If an inspector is in doubt as to whether some of his
grade interpretations are correct, he should so notify his Supervisor and
request an early check-up of his grade interpretations.

The memorandum issued on an appeal inspection by a Supervisor or
Keyman upon request of either a grower or processor should include only
the results of the second examination. In other words » results of the

_fppeal inspection should never be averaged with those obtained and re-

ported on the first memorandum by the first inspector.

When Second Inspection Not an Appeal. If a considerable period of
time has elapsed since the first inspection was made » or the load has
been out of the inspection yard, a second inspectionsshould'be treated as
a new inspection and no reference should be made to the first memorandum.
This procedure is necessary in the inspection of spinach for processing,
as it wilts very rapidly during the processing season » particularly
during periods of hot weather.

Number of Containers to be Sampled on Appeal or Second Inspections.
The number of containers to be sampled in case of an appeal or second
inspection will depend upon the uniformity of the lot in question and
the character of the defects. If the load shows considerable irregularity,
double the usual number should be sampled. If the quality is relatively
uniform in the different containers, and it is only a question of proper
interpretation of certain quality factors, it may be sufficient to sample
the same number of containers. :


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located at processing plants-shouldunder no gircumstances issue restricted
——=hemos..on any-loeds--as. it-is-always possible-for them to obtain representa-

tive samples.-in-one way oz another either before or during the process of
~-unloading.

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Correcting Inspectioa Memoranda. If the corrections are not too con- (52)
u spicuous, minor mistakes which would not affect the credibility of the
« memorandum if presented in court may be changed by crossing out the part
in error, and inserting the correct information. No corrections should
be made on any memorandum unless the inspector has all copies so that all
may be corrected at the same time. Whenever an error has been discovered,
and the inspector does not have all copies of the memorandum,a new memo-
randum should be issue upon which the following statement should be made:

“This memorendum supersedes Memorandun No. ,
which is in érror.”

No attempt should be made to erase errors on memoranda. All correc- (53)
tions should be initialed to show the authority for the correction.

Distribution of Memorandum Copies. The distribution of the original (54)
memorandum and one copy will depend on the arrangements made by the party
requesting the inspection. In most cases this party will be the proces-
sor. In all probability, he will request that the inspector give the
original and one copy to the grower, who will then present these documents
to the processor along with the load. The processor usually keeps the
originel and gives the copy to the grower for his files. The second carbon
copy is retained by the inspection office for the current year plus one.

APPEAL INSPECTIONS

Either the grower or the processor may appeal from the inspector's (55)
findings. The appeal may be based on either (1) the sampling, or (2) the
grading of the sample.

(1) Appeal on Sampling. In some cases » the growers or proces- (56)
sors may question the accuracy Of the inspection owing to the irregularity
of quality in the various containers.

In most cases where the grower or processor questions the accuracy (57)
of a report, it is not the grade interpretation that is in question but the
sampling. Regardless of how careful the inspector is in sampling loads,
there will be an occasional load in which the samples will not accurately
represent its true quality. From this standpoint, it is necessary to admit
the possibility of error in sampling loads of irregular quality.

When the grower or processor questions the accuracy of the inspec- (58)
tor, it will be permissible for the same inspector to draw another sample
for analysis. This sample should be inspected, and the results of the two
inspections combined into a weighted average on a new memorandum. The
first memorandum, if issued, should be voided.


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stem-free from the leaf blade and weighing the stems. -As a general guide,
the 100 ounce. composite sample drawn. for the inspection of the lot or load
would be of sufficient quantity for running the test. :

It is not intended thet the inspector should go through the above
procedure for every lot or load inspected. Through experience he can soon..
judge by the appearance of the lot whether-or not. it fails to grade U. S.
No. 1 or U. S. No. 2 account of excessive stems. At the start of the season
the inspector should break off the stems and weigh them to get- experience,
and later break off and weigh the stems on all loads and lots that appear
to be close.

Decay and Mildew. All visible mildew and decay is scored in the U. S.
No. 1 and U. S.No. 2 grades. Only affected leaves should be scored and
not the whole plant. When Downey Mildew develops in fields it can ruin
entire loads for processing and fields are often abandoned. Inspectors
should check lots carefully for first development of this defect.

Grass and Weeds. All pieces of grass are picked out of the sample and
scored. Weeds which are 4 inches or less in length are also picked out and
scored on @ count basis, while all weeds over 4 inches in length are scored
on a weight basis.

Discoloration of the Blades. Freedom from discoloration is very im-
portant In spinach for processing. The leaf blades are damaged by discolor-
ation when the appearance or processing quality is materially affected by
a brown or yellow color, Heart leaves which show @ normal yellowish cast
are not to be considered. as damaged.

One of the chief defects of spinach is leaves which are damaged by
yellowing. Spinach leaves which have a yellowish cast seriously affect the
appearance of the finished product. It is rather difficult to draw @ line
on when the leaf should be scored as yellow but when the yellow color seems
to predominate over the green to the extent that it is readily noticeable,
and the appearance of the leaf is materially affected, it should be scored.

Discoloration of Stalk and Stems. At times the stem or stalks of cut
leaf spinach grow on muc may 6. @ brownish or blackish discolor-
ation at the base of the stems. This is primarily due to the dirt being
rubbed into the base of the stems at the point where the stems have been
clipped. The discoloration resulting from this factor is quite serious
since it cannot be removed in the normal washing process in the preparation
for use. The grade states that when this condition materially affects the

" appearance or processing quelity, the spinach should be scored.

Another type of discoloration is the pink or red color at the base of
the stems, and point of attachment to the plant and generally right next
to the ground or under ground. Although this discoloration is characteristic
of the spinach it will not blanch out and lots of spinach having reddish
colored stems are discounted by processors. Also the presence of pink
stalks and stems is an indication of poor harvesting practices in that the
spinach has been cut too close to the ground. An excessive amount of


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telephone for further instructinns. If it is necessary to take immediate
action, he must use his best judgment and immediately advise his super-
visor of the action taken in order that corrective measures can be taken
if the proper course was not followed.

APPLICATION OF STANDARDS

Due to the manner in which the grades are constructed it is impossible
to certify percentages of U. S. No. 1 or U. S. No. 2 quality. The main
reason for this is that limiting: tolerances are by count in some instances
and are by weight in others.

INSPECTION EQUIPMENT

1. Inspection Memoranda. . :

2. Grading table or other suitable table (approximately 3 feet wide
by 5 feet long and of suitable height.

3. Sampling containers for gathering a composite sample from load.

4, Four of five small containers for holding the various classes of
defects. (Each container should be plainly labeled: with the names of the
defects for which it is intended).

d+ One set of scales that will weigh from one to one hundred ounces.

6. Water bucket for washing hands. ae

7. Towels for drying hands. .

SAMPLING

Representative Sampling. Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the
importance of the inspector obtaining representative samples from loads
of spinach. He may be able to grade spinach perfectly, but unless the

. Sample is representative of the load the inepection is not correct. He

should at all times keep in mind that the grade reported in the memorandum
determines the amount of money the grower will receive and the processor
will pay for the load. Therefore, if his sample is not representative the
settlement: cannot be equitable,

Some processors may furnish helpers to obtain samples from the con-
veyance, empty spinach on the grading table and other related. duties.
Such assistance from helpers is often necessary if the inspector is to
keep up with the deliveries. Although these helpers are expected: to do
the manual labor, it is the responsibility of the inspector to select
representative samples.

He should always remember that he, and not the helper, signs the in-
spection memorandum, Regardless of how competent the helper may be, the
inspector must not allow him to draw a sample from a load without close
supervision, Make sure that the sample drawn is representative of the
load. .


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UNITED STATES DEPARIMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE DIVISION
FRESH PRODUCTS STANDARDIZATION AND INSPECTION BRANCH

SHIPPING POINT INSPECTION HANDBOOK
FOR
SPINACH FOR PROCESSING _

INTRODUCTION

Spinach grown for proceesing is a sizable industry and has increased
in recent years due to the trend toward the frozen pack and to the large
baby food pack put up annually. In 1956, 138,670 tons of spinach was pro-
duced for processing by California, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Washington
and New York. The states are listed in the order of their importance.

Phe Eastern Shore, including Virginia, Maryland and Delaware, also has

sizable acreage for spinach for processing.

Buying and selling on the basis of uniform standards encourages
better production and better handling methods. The practice of paying a
flat price for all spinach which is accepted discriminates against the
best growers. The grower should be paid a suitable premium for spinach
which will meke e manufactured product of highest quality. Likewise the
grower should be penalized for the delivery of low quality spinach.

INSPECTORS 'S RESPONSIBILITY

‘Contracts may stipulate a certain price per ton for U. S. No. 1, a
lower price for U. S. No. 2, and nothing for unclassified spinach. There-
fore, it is the duty of the inspector to determine the grade of spinach
for all loads or lots delivered to receiving stations, processing plants
or loading stations and to report each classification on the inspection
memoranda, These classifications furnish the basis for settlement for the
loads.

Processors may reserve the right, by contract, to reject all loads of
spinach that fail to meet the U. S. No. 1 and U. S. No. 2 grades. The
Inspection Service has no authority to reject loads that fail to meet con-
tract specifications. The inspector should report to the field man or
yard foreman losds which fail to meet contract specifications. It is then
the processor's responsibility to reject such loads.

The inspector is to be guided by. the instructions in this handbook
and by any additional instructions which may be given to him, either
verbally or in writing, by his supervisor. In the conduct of his work,
however, he may encounter problems which are not fully covered by such
instructions. In such instances, he should contact the supervisor by

(2)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

$
3

: Paragraph
H . Numbers
INTRODUCTION. «ee eee ewe ee rs 1l- 2
INSPECTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY. . . . . Ce 3- 5
APPLICATION OF STANDARDS... 6... . ee ee ee ee ee 6
INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. ©... . ee eee ee 7
seer rcresentative gempie, Dts 8 - 20
Representative Sample. . ce ee eee ee ey Be 5
Grading Sample Selected by Other Parties eee ewww eee 16
Irregularity of Loads... 1... eee eee eee eee 1TH 20
INSPECTION PROCEDURE. » «see ee ee ee ee ee eee ee eh 29
Adherence to Contract Specifications ......... oe 2 Ql - 22
Inspection Under Artificial Light... ......0 eae 23
Sorting the Sample... . .. . ee ee ee ee he 29
GRADE INTERPRETATIONS - 2 es ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee 0 HB
Stemmy Spinach - - 2... eee ee ee ee ee ee ee  B0- F
Decay and Mildew... .. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 32
Dieccloration ef blades, Dit ttt 33
Discoloration of Blades. .. ee: cL
Discoloration of Stalks and stens. Ce rr (<r 37
Coarse Stalks and Stems... 2... eee ee ee ee ee 38
Seedstems and Seedbuds ... . . . ee ee et tee ee 39
InsectS. 2 eee ee ee te te we ho
Spray Residue, Adhering Dirt... 2... eee. e ee eae 4a
Mechanical Injury... 6... . ee ee ee eee ho
Other Defects. 2... 1. ee ee eee ew ee ee 43
INSPECTION MEMORANDUM © 6 6 6 2 ee eee ee ee ee eee ee he SH
Care of Memorande. . - 6. see ee ee ee ee ee ee a dG
Care in Recording... 2. eee eee ei ee ee eee eee 46
Correct Numbers and Name... . 6. ee ee ee ee eee 7
Name of Place, Processor, Grower, Date... 2... eee 48
Recording Counts and Weights... . 1... ...0 0c eee 49
Signing of Inspection Memorandum ........... one 50
Restricted Memoranda... 1... 2.4.6.2. ee eeeecce 51
Correcting Memoranda... - eee ee eee eee ee eee = 53
Distribution of Copies... 1... ee ew ee wee eae Sk

25 APPEAL INSPECTIONS. . 2. ee ee eo ee ee eee ee 55
ae Mocel oo Gebime Titi iti ttt tts 6 BB
Appeal on Grading. .......46 ee rr ra \° an <0)
When Second Inspection Not an Appeal ww we ewe ww we 61
Number of Containers Sampled... .. 1 eee eee ee 62
SHORT GRADE FORM. -. ee ee eee ee eee eee ee eee 63

ee KK


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SHORT GRADE FORM FOR CANNERY SPINACH, 1956

Defects U. S. Now 1 U. S. No. 2 Unclassified
Decay, mildew, grass Not over 20 pieces {Not over 40 Spinach which
small weeds, discolored} (not over 15 pieces | pieces does not con-

leaves.

for decay, grass,
small weeds)

form to require-
ments of any

of the foregoing
grades

Damage by wood, muck
chips, or other hard
foreign material.

Not more than 2
pieces over 1/2
inch long.

Not more than
3 pieces over
1/2 inch long.

Roots, large weeds &
damage by seedstems,
other discoloration,
seedbuds, coarse stalks
and stems, other dis-
ease, other insects,
spray residue, dirt or
other foreign material.

Not over 5 ouncéss

Not over 10
ounces

Plants affected with
worms

None permitted

None permitted

Leaf-stems

Not more than 25%
by weight, of the
spinach in any lot

may consist of leaf-

stems

Same requirementa
as U. S. Now 1

June 1957