*This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

FEB 6 2001

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

BILLY EARL ROBBINS,

Petitioner-Appellant,

v.

STEVE HARGETT, Warden,

Respondent-Appellee.

No. 00-6318

(W. District of Oklahoma)

(D.C. No. 99-CV-1542-T)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before HENRY, BRISCOE, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges. 

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The court

therefore honors the petitioner’s request and orders the case submitted without

oral argument.
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This case is before the court on Billy Earl Robbins’ pro se request for a

certificate of appealability (“COA”). Robbins seeks a COA so that he can appeal

the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition. See 28

U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A) (providing that no appeal may be taken from the denial of

a § 2254 petition unless the petitioner first obtains a COA). Because Robbins has

not “made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right,” this court

denies his request for a COA and dismisses the appeal. See id. § 2253(c)(2).

Following a jury trial in Oklahoma state court, Robbins was convicted of

murder in the first degree and sentenced to life imprisonment. On direct appeal to

the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals (“OCCA”), Robbins contended as

follows: (1) the prosecutor had engaged in misconduct with regard to certain

comments made in closing argument; and (2) the trial court’s denial of his change

of venue motion denied him his constitutional right to an impartial jury. The

OCCA rejected Robbins’ contentions in a summary opinion. Robbins then filed

the instant § 2254 habeas petition, reasserting the same claims he raised before

the OCCA.

The district court referred Robbins’ petition to a magistrate judge for initial

proceedings pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). In a comprehensive and wellreasoned Report and Recommendation, the magistrate judge recommended that

Robbins’ petition be denied. In particular, the magistrate judge concluded that
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Robbins had failed present any evidence “of either actual juror prejudice or the

type of community-wide hostility necessary to presume prejudice.” Mayes v.

Gibson, 210 F.3d 1284, 1291-92 (10th Cir. 2000). Furthermore, after conducting

a exceedingly close review of the comments of the prosecutor alleged by Robbins

to be improper, the magistrate judge concluded that the comments, viewed in the

context of the entire trial record, did not render Robbins’ trial fundamentally

unfair. See Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168, 181 (1986). Upon de novo

review, the district court adopted the recommendations of the magistrate judge

and denied Robbins’ § 2254 habeas petition.

As noted above, Robbins must obtain a COA before he can appeal the

district court’s denial of his § 2254 habeas petition. See 28 U.S.C. §

2253(c)(1)(A). He is entitled to a COA only upon making a “substantial showing

of the denial of a constitutional right.” Id. § 2253(c)(2). Robbins can make this

showing by demonstrating that the issues he seeks to raise on appeal are debatable

among jurists, a court could resolve the issues differently, or the questions

presented deserve further proceedings. See Slack v. McDaniel, 120 S. Ct. 1595,

1603-04 (2000). This court has reviewed Robbins’ request for a COA and

accompanying brief, along with the magistrate judge’s report and

recommendation, the district court’s order, and the entire record on appeal. Our

review reveals that the district court’s resolution of the petition is not debatable,
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subject to an alternate resolution, or deserving of further proceedings. 

Accordingly, this court DENIES Robbins’ request for a COA for substantially

those reasons set forth in the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation dated

July 31, 2000, and the district court’s order dated September 5, 2000. Robbins’

appeal is, therefore, DISMISSED. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c).

ENTERED FOR THE COURT:

Michael R. Murphy

Circuit Judge