Exhibit
4.13


 


Hemispherx
Biopharma, Inc.


 


INDENTURE


 


Dated
as of ___________, 20___


 


[_________]


 


Trustee


 




    	 



    	 



    

 


TABLE
OF CONTENTS


 


	ARTICLE
    I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
	Section
    1.1. Definitions.	1
	Section
    1.2. Other Definitions.	4
	Section
    1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.	4
	Section
    1.4. Rules of Construction.	4
	ARTICLE
    II. THE SECURITIES	 
	Section
    2.1. Issuable in Series.	5
	Section
    2.2. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.	5
	Section
    2.3. Execution and Authentication.	7
	Section
    2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent.	8
	Section
    2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.	8
	Section
    2.6. Securityholder Lists.	9
	Section
    2.7. Transfer and Exchange.	9
	Section
    2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.	9
	Section
    2.9. Outstanding Securities.	10
	Section
    2.10 Treasury Securities.	10
	Section
    2.11. Temporary Securities.	10
	Section
    2.12. Cancellation.	11
	Section
    2.13. Defaulted Interest.	11
	Section
    2.14. Global Securities.	11
	Section
    2.15. CUSIP Numbers.	12
	ARTICLE
    III. REDEMPTION	 
	Section
    3.1. Notice to Trustee.	12
	Section
    3.2. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.	13
	Section
    3.3. Notice of Redemption.	13
	Section
    3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption.	14
	Section
    3.5. Deposit of Redemption Price.	14
	Section
    3.6. Securities Redeemed in Part.	14
	ARTICLE
    IV. COVENANTS	 
	Section
    4.1. Payment of Principal and Interest.	14
	Section
    4.2. SEC Reports.	14
	Section
    4.3. Compliance Certificate.	15
	Section
    4.4. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.	15
	ARTICLE
    V. SUCCESSORS	 
	Section
    5.1. When Company May Merge, Etc.	15
	Section
    5.2. Successor Corporation Substituted.	16
	ARTICLE
    VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	 
	Section
    6.1. Events of Default.	16
	Section
    6.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.	17
	Section
    6.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.	17
	Section
    6.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.	18
	Section
    6.5. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.	19
	Section
    6.6. Application of Money Collected.	19
	Section
    6.7. Limitation on Suits.	19
	Section
    6.8. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.	20
	Section
    6.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.	20
	Section
    6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.	20
	Section
    6.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.	20


 




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	Section
    6.12. Control by Holders.	20
	Section
    6.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.	21
	Section
    6.14. Undertaking for Costs.	21
	ARTICLE
    VII. TRUSTEE	 
	Section
    7.1. Duties of Trustee.	21
	Section
    7.2. Rights of Trustee.	22
	Section
    7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee.	23
	Section
    7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer.	23
	Section
    7.5. Notice of Defaults.	23
	Section
    7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders.	24
	Section
    7.7. Compensation and Indemnity.	24
	Section
    7.8. Replacement of Trustee.	25
	Section
    7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.	25
	Section
    7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification.	26
	Section
    7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.	26
	ARTICLE
    VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE	 
	Section
    8.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.	26
	Section
    8.2. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.	27
	Section
    8.3. Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.	27
	Section
    8.4. Covenant Defeasance.	28
	Section
    8.5. Repayment to Company.	29
	Section
    8.6. Reinstatement.	30
	ARTICLE
    IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS	 
	Section
    9.1. Without Consent of Holders.	30
	Section
    9.2. With Consent of Holders.	31
	Section
    9.3. Limitations.	31
	Section
    9.4. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.	31
	Section
    9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents.	32
	Section
    9.6. Notation on or Exchange of Securities.	32
	Section
    9.7. Trustee Protected.	32
	ARTICLE
    X. MISCELLANEOUS	 
	Section
    10.1. Trust Indenture Act Controls.	32
	Section
    10.2. Notices.	32
	Section
    10.3. Communication by Holders with Other Holders.	33
	Section
    10.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.	33
	Section
    10.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.	34
	Section
    10.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents.	34
	Section
    10.7. Legal Holidays.	34
	Section
    10.8. No Recourse Against Others.	34
	Section
    10.9. Counterparts.	34
	Section
    10.10. Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.	35
	Section
    10.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.	35
	Section
    10.12. Successors.	35
	Section
    10.13. Severability.	35
	Section
    10.14. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.	35
	Section
    10.15. Securities in a Foreign Currency.	36
	Section
    10.16. Judgment Currency.	36
	Section
    10.17. Force Majeure.	36
	Section
    10.18. U.S.A. Patriot Act.	37
	ARTICLE
    XI. SINKING FUNDS	 
	Section
    11.1. Applicability of Article	37
	Section
    11.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.	37
	Section
    11.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.	37


 




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Hemispherx
Biopharma, Inc.


 


Reconciliation
and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and


 


Indenture,
dated as of ____________, 20__


 


§
310(a)(1) 7.10


(a)(2)
7.10


(a)(3)
Not Applicable


(a)(4)
Not Applicable


(a)(5)
7.10


(b)
7.10


§
311(a) 7.11


(b)
7.11


(c)
Not Applicable


§
312(a) 2.6


(b)
10.3


(c)
10.3


§
313(a) 7.6


(b)(1)
7.6


(b)(2)
7.6


(c)(1)
7.6


(d)
7.6


§
314(a) 4.2, 10.5


(b)
Not Applicable


(c)(1)
10.4


(c)(2)
10.4


(c)(3)
Not Applicable


(d)
Not Applicable


(e)
10.5


(f)
Not Applicable


§
315(a) 7.1


(b)
7.5


(c)
7.1


(d)
7.1


(e)
6.14


§
316(a) 2.10


(a)(1)(A)
6.12


(a)(1)(B)
6.13


(b)
6.8


§
317(a)(1) 6.3


(a)(2)
6.4


(b)
2.5


§
318(a) 10.1


 


Note:
This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture.


 




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Indenture
dated as of __________, 20__ between Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Company “), and
[______] (“ Trustee “).


 


Each
party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities
issued under this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE
I.


 


DEFINITIONS
AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE


 


Section
1.1. Definitions.


 


“Additional
Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein
or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are
owing to such Holders.


 


“Affiliate”
of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with
such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms
“controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession,
directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through
the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.


 


“Agent”
means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.


 


“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.


 


“Board
Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have
been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect
on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.


 


“Business
Day” means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto
for a particular Series, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York, New York (or in connection
with any payment, the place of payment) on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive
order to close.


 


“Capital
Stock” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate
stock.


 


“Company”
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.


 


“Company
Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer.


 


“Corporate
Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business related to
this Indenture shall be principally administered.


 


“Default”
means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.


 




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“Depositary”
means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under
the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the
Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.


 


“Discount
Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


“Dollars”
and “$” means the currency of the United States of America.


 


“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


 


“Foreign
Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of the United States
of America.


 


“Foreign
Government Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency,
direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment
of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer
thereof.


 


“GAAP”
means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements
of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements
of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant
segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect as of the date of determination.


 


“Global
Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form
established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series
or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.


 


“Holder”
or “Securityholder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered.


 


“Indenture”
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of
Securities established as contemplated hereunder.


 


“Interest”
with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.


 


“Maturity,”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein
or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.


 


“Officer”
means the Chief Executive Officer, any Executive Director, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, and any Senior Vice President
or Vice President of the Company.


 


“Officer’s
Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer.


 


“Opinion
of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee
of or counsel to the Company. The opinion may contain customary limitations, conditions and exceptions.


 




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“Person”
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust,
unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.


 


“Principal”
of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts
in respect of, the Security.


 


“Responsible
Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having responsibility for administration of
this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust
matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.


 


“SEC”
means the Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Securities”
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.


 


“Series”
or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created
pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.


 


“Stated
Maturity” when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which
the principal of such Security or interest is due and payable.


 


“Subsidiary”
of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting
power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors,
managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the
other Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof.


 


“TIA”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided
, however , that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent
required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.


 


“Trustee”
means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall
have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include
each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used
with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.


 


“U.S.
Government Obligations” means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States of America
for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer
thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S.
Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian
for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by
the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.


 




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Section
1.2. Other Definitions.


 


	TERM
    DEFINED IN	 	SECTION
	 	 	 
	“Bankruptcy
    Law”	 	6.1
	“Custodian”	 	6.1
	“Event
    of Default”	 	6.1
	“Judgment
    Currency”	 	10.16
	“Legal
    Holiday”	 	10.7
	“mandatory
    sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“Market
    Exchange Rate”	 	10.15
	“New
    York Banking Day”	 	10.16
	“Notice
    Agent”	 	2.4
	“optional
    sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“Paying
    Agent”	 	2.4
	“Registrar”	 	2.4
	“Required
    Currency”	 	10.16
	“Specified
    Courts”	 	10.10
	“successor
    person”	 	5.1


 


Section
1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.


 


Whenever
this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture.
The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:


 


“Commission”
means the SEC.


 


“indenture
securities” means the Securities.


 


“indenture
security holder” means a Securityholder.


 


“indenture
to be qualified” means this Indenture.


 


“indenture
trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee.


 


“obligor”
on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.


 


All
other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC
rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.


 


Section
1.4. Rules of Construction.


 


Unless
the context otherwise requires:


 


(a)
a term has the meaning assigned to it;


 




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(b)
an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;


 


(c)
“or” is not exclusive;


 


(d)
words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and


 


(e)
provisions apply to successive events and transactions.


 


ARTICLE
II.


 


THE
SECURITIES


 


Section
2.1. Issuable in Series.


 


The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in
the manner provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate detailing the adoption
of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued
from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto detailing the adoption of
the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such
as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ
between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.


 


Section
2.2. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.


 


At
or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in
the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections
2.2.2 through 2.2.23) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate:


 


2.2.1.
the title (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking
(including the terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series;


 


2.2.2.
the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be
issued;


 


2.2.3.
any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu
of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);


 


2.2.4.
the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;


 


2.2.5.
the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates
(including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities
of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates
on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest
payment date;


 




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2.2.6.
the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities
of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer,
mail or other means;


 


2.2.7.
if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities
of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;


 


2.2.8.
the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms
and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;


 


2.2.9.
the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at
the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;


 


2.2.10.
if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series
shall be issuable;


 


2.2.11.
the forms of the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;


 


2.2.12.
if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;


 


2.2.13.
the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency
of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;


 


2.2.14.
the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the
Securities of the Series will be made;


 


2.2.15.
if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency
units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to
such payments will be determined;


 


2.2.16.
the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined,
if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity
index, stock exchange index or financial index;


 


2.2.17.
the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;


 


2.2.18.
any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in
the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant
to Section 6.2;


 


2.2.19.
any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V hereof which applies to Securities of the
Series;


 




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2.2.20.
any Depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities
of such Series if other than those appointed herein;


 


2.2.21.
the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion
price or exchange price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory,
at the option of the Holders thereof or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price
or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed;


 


2.2.22.
any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar
as it applies to such Series), including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection
with the marketing of Securities of that Series; and


 


2.2.23.
whether any of the Company’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the
terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.


 


All
Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms
of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate
referred to above.


 


Section
2.3. Execution and Authentication.


 


An
Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.


 


If
an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security
shall nevertheless be valid.


 


A
Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature
shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.


 


The
Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided
in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company
Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.


 


The
aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal
amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate delivered
pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.


 


Prior
to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected
in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate establishing the form of
the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities
within that Series, (b) an Officer’s Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with
Section 10.4.


 


The
Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised
by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors
or trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice presidents or a committee of Responsible Officers
shall determine that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.


 




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The
Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may
authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes
authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate
of the Company.


 


Section
2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent.


 


The
Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series
pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“
Paying Agent “), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“
Registrar “) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and
this Indenture may be delivered (“ Notice Agent “). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each
Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name
and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the
name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office
of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices
and demands; provided , however , that any appointment of the Trustee as the Notice Agent shall exclude the appointment of the
Trustee or any office of the Trustee as an agent to receive the service of legal process on the Company.


 


The
Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and
may from time to time rescind such designations; provided , however , that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner
relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant
to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional
notice agent. The term “ Registrar “ includes any co-registrar; the term “ Paying Agent “
includes any additional paying agent; and the term “ Notice Agent “ includes any additional notice agent. The
Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.


 


The
Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.


 


Section
2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.


 


The
Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for
the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment
of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company
in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by
it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment
over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability
for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust
fund for the benefit of Securityholders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy,
reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.


 




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Section
2.6. Securityholder Lists.


 


The
Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and
addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is
not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other
times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of
the names and addresses of Securityholders of each Series of Securities.


 


Section
2.7. Transfer and Exchange.


 


Where
Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them
for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange
if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate
Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except
as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or
similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable
upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).


 


Neither
the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for
the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities
of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, or (b) to register
the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion
being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.


 


Section
2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.


 


If
any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver
in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding.


 


If
there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of
any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents
harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser,
the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery,
in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount
and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.


 


In
case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its
discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.


 


Upon
the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of
the Trustee) connected therewith.


 


Every
new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute
an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at
any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any
and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.


 




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The
provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect
to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.


 


Section
2.9. Outstanding Securities.


 


The
Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those
delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance
with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding.


 


If
a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it
that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.


 


If
the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of
Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities
of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.


 


The
Company may purchase or otherwise acquire the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise.
A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section
2.10 below).


 


In
determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding
for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination
upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


Section
2.10. Treasury Securities.


 


In
determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company
shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of
the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.


 


Section
2.11. Temporary Securities.


 


Until
definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities
upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations
that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the
Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange
for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive
Securities.


 




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Section
2.12. Cancellation.


 


The
Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to
the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all
Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities
(subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act and the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation
to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has
paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.


 


Section
2.13. Defaulted Interest.


 


If
the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent
permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent
special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the special record date,
the Company shall send to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the special record date, the
payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.


 


Section
2.14. Global Securities.


 


2.14.1.
Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate shall establish whether
the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary
for such Global Security or Securities.


 


2.14.2.
Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of this Indenture and in addition
thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of this Indenture for Securities registered in the
names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that
it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered
as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee
an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable
pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct
in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.


 


Except
as provided in this Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect
to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee
of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.


 


2.14.3.
Legends. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


 


“THIS
SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE
DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER
THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT
AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE
OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”


 




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In
addition, so long as the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) is the Depositary, each Global Note registered in the name
of DTC or its nominee shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


 


“UNLESS
THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”),
TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE
NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO
CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER
USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS
AN INTEREST HEREIN.”


 


2.14.4.
Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under this
Indenture.


 


2.14.5.
Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment
of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.


 


2.14.6.
Consents, Declaration and Directions. The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal
amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement
of the Depositary or by the applicable procedures of such Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining
any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.


 


Section
2.15. CUSIP Numbers.


 


The
Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall
use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state
that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any
notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities,
and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.


 


ARTICLE
III.


 


REDEMPTION


 


Section
3.1. Notice to Trustee.


 


The
Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant
to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms
as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior
to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify
the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall
give the notice at least 15 days before the redemption date, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the Trustee.


 




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Section
3.2. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.


 


Unless
otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate,
if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as
follows: (a) if the Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b)
if the Securities are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national
securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed, or (c) if not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b)
in the manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law
or applicable stock exchange requirements, subject, in the case of Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of
the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called
for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected
for redemption. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole
multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the
minimum principal denomination for each Series and the authorized integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that
apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.


 


Section
3.3. Notice of Redemption.


 


Unless
otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate,
at least 15 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class
mail or electronically, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities
are to be redeemed.


 


The
notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:


 


(a)
the redemption date;


 


(b)
the redemption price;


 


(c)
the name and address of the Paying Agent;


 


(d)
if any Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that,
after the redemption date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed
portion of the original Security shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security;


 


(e)
that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;


 


(f)
that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company
defaults in the deposit of the redemption price;


 


(g)
the CUSIP number, if any; and


 


(h)
any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.


 




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At
the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense, provided,
however, that the Company has delivered to the Trustee, at least 10 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee)
prior to the notice date, an Officer’s Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information
to be stated in such notice.


 


Section
3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption.


 


Once
notice of redemption is sent as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on
the redemption date and at the redemption price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture hereto, Board Resolution
or Officer’s Certificate for a Series of Securities, a notice of redemption pertaining to such Series may not be conditional.
Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption
date.


 


Section
3.5. Deposit of Redemption Price.


 


On
or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient
to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.


 


Section
3.6. Securities Redeemed in Part.


 


Upon
surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series
and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.


 


ARTICLE
IV.


 


COVENANTS


 


Section
4.1. Payment of Principal and Interest.


 


The
Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay
the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this
Indenture. On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying
Agent money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms
of such Securities and this Indenture.


 


Section
4.2. SEC Reports.


 


To
the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files
them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions
of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a).
Reports, information and documents filed with the SEC via the EDGAR system will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of
the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of this Section 4.2.


 


Delivery
of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under this Section 4.2 are for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s
receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable
from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which
the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates).




 



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Section
4.3. Compliance Certificate.


 


To
the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end
of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and
its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining
whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as
to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed
and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any
of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such
Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge).


 


Section
4.4. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.


 


The
Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner
whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter
in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent
it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort
to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit
the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.


 


ARTICLE
V.


 


SUCCESSORS


 


Section
5.1. When Company May Merge, Etc.


 


The
Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties
and assets to, any person (a “ successor person “) unless:


 


(a)
the Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly
existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company’s obligations on the Securities
and under this Indenture; and


 


(b)
immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.


 


The
Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate to the
foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture hereto comply
with this Indenture.


 


Notwithstanding
the above, any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company.
Neither an Officer’s Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.


 




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Section
5.2. Successor Corporation Substituted.


 


Upon
any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of
the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company
is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and
may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been
named as the Company herein; provided , however , that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition
(other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


ARTICLE
VI.


 


DEFAULTS
AND REMEDIES


 


Section
6.1. Events of Default.


 


“Event
of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless
in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate, it is provided that such Series
shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default:


 


(a)
default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such
default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with
a Paying Agent prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the 30 th day of such period); or


 


(b)
default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or


 


(c)
default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant
to paragraphs (a) or (b) above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit
of Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been
given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least
25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring
it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or


 


(d)
the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:


 


(i)
commences a voluntary case,


 


(ii)
consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,


 


(iii)
consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,


 


(iv)
makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or


 


(v)
generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or


 


(e)
a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:


 




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(i)
is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,


 


(ii)
appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or


 


(iii)
orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or


 


(f)
any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental
indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.


 


The
term “Bankruptcy Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors.
The term “ Custodian “ means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy
Law.


 


The
Company will provide the Trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence
of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default
and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof.


 


Section
6.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.


 


If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event
of Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued
and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing
to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount)
and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section
6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding
Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part
of the Trustee or any Holder.


 


At
any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and
annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the
non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration
of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.


 


No
such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


Section
6.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.


 


The
Company covenants that if


 


(a)
default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues
for a period of 30 days, or


 




    	17



    	 



    

 


(b)
default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or


 


(c)
default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms of a Security,


 


then,
the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount
then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,
and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including
the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.


 


If
the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment
or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys
adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such
Securities, wherever situated.


 


If
an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed
to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings
as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant
or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.


 


Section
6.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.


 


In
case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition
or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or
of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due
and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding
or otherwise,


 


(a)
to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to
file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
claim for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the
Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and


 


(b)
to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same,and any
custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is
hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the
making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.


 


Nothing
herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof
or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.


 




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Section
6.5. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.


 


All
rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession
of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the
Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for
the payment of the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for
the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.


 


Section
6.6. Application of Money Collected.


 


Any
money or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates
fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation
of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:


 


First:
To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7; and


 


Second:
To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the
benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and


 


Third:
To the Company.


 


Section
6.7. Limitation on Suits.


 


No
Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to
this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless


 


(a)
such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities
of that Series;


 


(b)
the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request
to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;


 


(c)
such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses
and liabilities which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request;


 


(d)
the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding;
and


 


(e)
no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;


 




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it
being understood, intended and expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that
no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this
Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority
or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided
and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series.


 


Section
6.8. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.


 


Notwithstanding
any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to
receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated
Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement
of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.


 


Section
6.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.


 


If
the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding
has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and
in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders
shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.


 


Section
6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.


 


Except
as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section
2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any
other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every
other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment
of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or
employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.


 


Section
6.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.


 


No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of
Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein.
Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and
as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.


 


Section
6.12. Control by Holders.


 


The
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that


 


(a)
such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,


 


(b)
the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,


 




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(c)
subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee
in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee
in personal liability, and


 


(d)
prior to taking any action as directed under this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it
against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.


 


Section
6.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.


 


The
Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders
of all the Securities of such Series, by written notice to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with
respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of
such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series
may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration).
Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been
cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right
consequent thereon.


 


Section
6.14. Undertaking for Costs.


 


All
parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that
any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any
suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such
suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including
reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the
claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate
more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the
enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Maturity of such Security, including
the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).


 


ARTICLE
VII.


 


TRUSTEE


 


Section
7.1. Duties of Trustee.


 


(a)
If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture
and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances
in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.


 


(b)
Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:


 


(i)
The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.


 




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(ii)
In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness
of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming
to the requirements of this Indenture; however , in the case of any such Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which
by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer’s
Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture.


 


(c)
The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful
misconduct, except that:


 


(i)
This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.


 


(ii)
The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that
the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.


 


(iii)
The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities
of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such
Series in accordance with Section 6.12.


 


(d)
Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.


 


(e)
The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against
the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.


 


(f)
The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company.
Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.


 


(g)
No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is
not assured to the Trustee in its satisfaction.


 


(h)
The Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth
in paragraphs (e), (f) and (g) of this Section and in Section 7.2, each with respect to the Trustee.


 


Section
7.2. Rights of Trustee.


 


(a)
The Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document (whether in its original
or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not
investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.


 




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(b)
Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both.
The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate
or Opinion of Counsel.


 


(c)
The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due
care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by
any Depositary.


 


(d)
The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within
its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee’s conduct does not constitute willful misconduct or negligence.


 


(e)
The Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without willful misconduct or negligence, and
in reliance thereon.


 


(f)
The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request
or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory
to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.


 


(g)
The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness
or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts
or matters as it may see fit.


 


(h)
The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular
Series and this Indenture.


 


(i)
In no event shall the Trustee be liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage
of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of
such loss or damage.


 


(j)
The permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or
duty to do so.


 


Section
7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee.


 


The
Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the
Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with
like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.


 


Section
7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer.


 


The
Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable
for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities
other than its authentication.


 




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Section
7.5. Notice of Defaults.


 


If
a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall send to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or
Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such
Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any
Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee of
its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.


 


Section
7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders.


 


Within
60 days after each ________ commencing ________, _____, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names
and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with,
and to the extent required under, TIA § 313.


 


A
copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national
securities exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing
when Securities of any Series are listed on any national securities exchange.


 


Section
7.7. Compensation and Indemnity.


 


The
Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time
to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of
an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it.
Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.


 


The
Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself) against any
cost, expense or liability, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee)
incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent.
The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify
the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless and to the extent that the Company is materially
prejudiced thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one
separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any
settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers,
directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.


 


The
Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director,
employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through willful misconduct or negligence.


 


To
secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series
on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular
Securities of that Series.


 


When
the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses
and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


The
provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture.


 




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Section
7.8. Replacement of Trustee.


 


A
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s
acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.


 


The
Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to
the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove
the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect
to Securities of one or more Series if:


 


(a)
the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;


 


(b)
the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy
Law;


 


(c)
a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or


 


(d)
the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.


 


If
the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint
a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.


 


If
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring
Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of
the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.


 


A
successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately
after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien
provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee
shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as
Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series.
Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.7 hereof
shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it for actions taken
or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement.


 


Section
7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.


 


If
the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business
to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee, subject to Section
7.10.


 




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Section
7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification.


 


This
Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always
have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition.
The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).


 


Section
7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.


 


The
Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned
or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated.


 


ARTICLE
VIII.


 


SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE


 


Section
8.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.


 


This
Indenture shall upon Company Order be discharged with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect
as to all Securities of such Series (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when


 


(a)
either


 


(i)
all Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or
stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or


 


(ii)
all such Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation


 


(1)
have become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, or


 


(2)
will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or


 


(3)
have been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or


 


(4)
are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;


 


and
the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee
as trust funds in trust an amount of money or U.S. Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient for the purpose of
paying and discharging each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest
on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;


 


(b)
the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and


 


(c)
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 




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Notwithstanding
the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, and, if money
shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2
and 8.5 shall survive.


 


Section
8.2. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.


 


(a)
Subject to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations
or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied
by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any
Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto,
of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory
sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.


 


(b)
The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S.
Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal
received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.


 


(c)
The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized
firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for
which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall
not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.


 


Section
8.3. Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.


 


Unless
this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company
shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st
day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates
to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall,
upon receipt of a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:


 


(a)
the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i)
payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on
the Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments
applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms
of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;


 


(b)
the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and


 


(c)
the rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith;


 


provided
that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:


 




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(d)
the Company shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee
as trust funds specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i)
in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in
the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign
Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms,
will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day
before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay
and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the
Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest and such sinking fund payments are due;


 


(e)
such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement
or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;


 


(f)
no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date
of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;


 


(g)
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i)
the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of
execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that,
and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize
income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject
to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit,
defeasance and discharge had not occurred;


 


(h)
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company
with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(i)
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section
8.4. Covenant Defeasance.


 


Unless
this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may
omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2,
4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and, unless otherwise specified therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such
Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure
to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section
6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution
or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute
a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder
of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby; provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:


 




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(a)
with reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided
in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged
as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such
Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series
denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through
the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment
and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money,
an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment
bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal
(including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such
installments of principal or interest are due;


 


(b)
such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement
or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;


 


(c)
no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date
of such deposit;


 


(d)
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i)
the company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of
execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that,
and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm, subject to customary exclusions, that the Holders of the Securities of
such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, covenant defeasance
and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would
have been the case if such deposit, covenant defeasance and discharge had not occurred;


 


(e)
The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company
with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(f)
The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section
8.5. Repayment to Company.


 


Subject
to applicable abandoned property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by
them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the
money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another
person.


 




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Section
8.6. Reinstatement.


 


If
the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance
with Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority
enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect
to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit
had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in
accordance with Section 8.1; provided , however , that if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by
the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the Holders.


 


ARTICLE
IX.


 


AMENDMENTS
AND WAIVERS


 


Section
9.1. Without Consent of Holders.


 


The
Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of
any Securityholder:


 


(a)
to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;


 


(b)
to comply with Article V;


 


(c)
to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;


 


(d)
to add guarantees with respect to Securities of any Series or secure Securities of any Series;


 


(e)
to surrender any of the Company’s rights or powers under this Indenture;


 


(f)
to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;


 


(g)
to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;


 


(h)
to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;


 


(i)
to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this
Indenture;


 


(j)
to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one
or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or


 


(k)
to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.


 




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Section
9.2. With Consent of Holders.


 


The
Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture hereto with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained
in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions
to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture hereto or
of modifying in any manner the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders
of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents
obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company
with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.


 


It
shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture hereto or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After
a supplemental indenture hereto or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities
affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice,
or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.


 


Section
9.3. Limitations.


 


Without
the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:


 


(a)
reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;


 


(b)
reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;


 


(c)
reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the
payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;


 


(d)
reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;


 


(e)
waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission
of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);


 


(f)
make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;


 


(g)
make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or


 


(h)
waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company’s option.


 


Section
9.4. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.


 


Every
amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that
complies with the TIA as then in effect.


 




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Section
9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents.


 


Until
an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security
is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same
debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such
Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice
of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective.


 


Any
amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless
it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind
each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences
the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.


 


The
Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their
consent or take any other action described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record
date is fixed, then notwithstanding the second immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record
date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent
previously given or take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent
shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date.


 


Section
9.6. Notation on or Exchange of Securities.


 


The
Company or the Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter
authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt
of a Company Order in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.


 


Section
9.7. Trustee Protected.


 


In
executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture hereto permitted by this Article or the modifications
thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall
be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both complying with Section 10.4.
The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures hereto upon delivery of such an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel
or both, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities
or immunities under this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE
X.


 


MISCELLANEOUS


 


Section
10.1. Trust Indenture Act Controls.


 


If
any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included
in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.


 


Section
10.2. Notices.


 


Any
notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given
if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile
transmission, email or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’ address:


 


	if
    to the Company:	 
	 	Hemispherx
    Biopharma, Inc.
	 	860
    N. Orange Avenue, Suite B, 
	 	Orlando,
    Florida 92130
	 	Attention:
    Thomas Equels, CEO


 



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	with
    a copy to:	 
	 	Silverman
    Shin & Byrne PLLC
	 	Wall
    Street Plaza
	 	88
    Pine Street, 22nd Floor
	 	New
    York, New York 10583
	 	Attention:
    Richard Feiner, Esq.


 


	if
    to the Trustee:	 
	 	 
	 	[_____]
	 	Attention:
    [____]



 


with
a copy to:


 


[_____]


Attention:
[____]


 


The
Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.


 


Any
notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail to his, her or its address shown
on the register kept by the Registrar, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication
to a Securityholder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of
that or any other Series.


 


If
a notice or communication is sent or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether
or not the Securityholder receives it.


 


If
the Company sends a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same
time.


 


Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including
any notice of redemption) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given
to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.


 


Section
10.3. Communication by Holders with Other Holders.


 


Securityholders
of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with
respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar
and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).


 


Section
10.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.


 


Upon
any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to
the Trustee:


 


(a)
an Officer’s Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in
this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and


 


(b)
an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.


 



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Section
10.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.


 


Each
certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate
provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:


 


(a)
a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;


 


(b)
a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained
in such certificate or opinion are based;


 


(c)
a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and


 


(d)
a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.


 


Section
10.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents.


 


The
Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable
rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.


 


Section
10.7. Legal Holidays.


 


Unless
otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series,
a “ Legal Holiday “ is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place
of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue
for the intervening period.


 


Section
10.8. No Recourse Against Others.


 


A
director, officer, employee or stockholder (past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations
of the Company under the Securities or this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations
or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release
are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.


 


Section
10.9. Counterparts.


 


This
Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when
so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The
exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution
and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures
of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.


 




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Section
10.10. Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.


 


THIS
INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES,
SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.


 


THE
COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE,
THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY.


 


Any
legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted
in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in
each case located in the City of New York (collectively, the “ Specified Courts “), and each party irrevocably
submits to the non exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons,
notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address
set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The
Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities) each hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive
any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally
waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.


 


Section
10.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.


 


This
Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company.
Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.


 


Section
10.12. Successors.


 


All
agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this
Indenture shall bind its successor.


 


Section
10.13. Severability.


 


In
case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.


 


Section
10.14. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.


 


The
Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience
of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions
hereof.


 




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Section
10.15. Securities in a Foreign Currency.


 


Unless
otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant
to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any
action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all
Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series
which are denominated in more than one currency, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed
to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency
that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental
indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular
Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the spot rate for the purchase of the designated currency as published in The
Financial Times in the “Currency Rates” section (or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information
is no longer available in The Financial Times, such source as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination
(the “ Market Exchange Rate “). The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent
principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action
taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.


 


All
decisions and determinations provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted
by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.


 


Section
10.16. Judgment Currency.


 


The
Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining
judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the
Securities of any Series (the “ Required Currency “) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the
“ Judgment Currency “), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking
procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which
final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be
the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered
and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied
by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency
other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the
payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by
which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall
not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “
New York Banking Day “ means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which
banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.


 


Section
10.17. Force Majeure.


 


In
no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising
out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages,
accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions,
loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee
shall use reasonable best efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as
soon as practicable under the circumstances.


 




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Section
10.18. U.S.A. Patriot Act.


 


The
parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify,
and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the
Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order
for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.


 


ARTICLE
XI.


 


SINKING
FUNDS


 


Section
11.1. Applicability of Article.


 


The
provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided
by the terms of such Securities pursuant to Section 2.2 and except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security
of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.


 


The
minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as
a “ mandatory sinking fund payment “ and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series
is herein referred to as an “ optional sinking fund payment .” If provided for by the terms of Securities of
any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking
fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of
such Series.


 


Section
11.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.


 


The
Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be
made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment
is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit
Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed
either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking
fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms
of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the
Trustee, together with an Officer’s Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which
the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at
the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund
payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant
to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash
payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of
a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to
the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided , however , that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon
receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent
upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount
equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.


 


Section
11.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.


 


Not
less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate
in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company
will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment
for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash
and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to
Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the
Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in
the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto in respect of a particular Series of Securities)
before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date will be selected
in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice of the redemption thereof to be
given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in and in accordance with Section 3.3. Such notice
having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4,
3.5 and 3.6.


 




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IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


 


	 	Hemispherx
    Biopharma, Inc.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	       
	 	Name:	 
	 	Its:	 
	 	 	 
	 	[_____],
    as Trustee
	 	 	 
	 	By:	              
	 	Name:	 
	 	Its:	 


 




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