[Cite as In re Estate of Crain, 2017-Ohio-2724.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO 

IN THE MATTER OF: : O P I N I O N 

ESTATE OF RALPH A. CRAIN, : 

DECEASED CASE NO. 2016-T-0017

: 

: 

: 

Civil Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, Case 

No. 14 EST 0464. 

Judgment: Affirmed. 

David L. Engler, 725 Boardman-Canfield Road, Suite S-3, Youngstown, OH 44512 

(For Appellants). 

David A. Shepherd, Turner, May & Shepherd, 185 High Street, N.E., Warren, OH 

44481 (Special Administrator WWA). 

Douglas J. Neuman, Neuman Law Office, LLC, 761 North Cedar Street, #1, Niles, OH 

44446 (For Appellees Bryan Crain and Frederick J. Crain) 

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J. 

{¶1} Thomas Crain, Jill Sferra, Marcia McNelis and Debra Pirock (collectively, 

“exceptors”), appeal from the judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, 

Probate Division, dismissing their exceptions to the amended inventory and appraisal 

filed in their late father, Ralph Crain’s estate. Principally, they allege some $760,000 in 
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cash is missing from the estate. Finding they failed to carry their burden of proof, we 

affirm. 

{¶2} Ralph Crain died June 9, 2014, aged 91. He was preceded in death by 

his wife, Margaret, aged 89, in 2013. Attorney David A. Sheperd was appointed Special 

Administrator WWA for Ralph Crain’s estate. Mr. Shepherd filed an inventory and 

appraisal October 15, 2014, and an amended inventory and appraisal October 21, 

2014. Exceptors filed their exceptions to the amended inventory and appraisal 

November 10, 2014. Hearing on the exceptions went forward December 14, 2015, and 

January 19, 2016. The trial court filed its judgment entry dismissing the exceptions 

February 4, 2016, and this appeal timely ensued. 

{¶3} Ralph Crain operated a small truck farm, and sold the resulting produce 

from a stand located on his property. When younger, he had also worked for the 

government inspecting agricultural land. Tax records indicate the Crains received a 

gross income of $15,000 to $20,000 per year from the farm. The Crains lived a frugal 

lifestyle. Ralph Crain was extremely guarded concerning his financial affairs, which he 

ran from a small office in the farmhouse, which he kept locked. Others were rarely 

invited inside. 

{¶4} At the hearing on the exceptions, Thomas Crain testified that his mother 

took him into the office in 2010, when Ralph Crain was hospitalized. He testified there 

were six strongboxes in the office, and that his mother opened one, showing him it 

contained $130,000 in carefully wrapped cash. The money was divided into packets of 

six thousand dollars each, the denominations being 20, 50, and 100 dolllar bills. He 

testified his mother stated all six boxes contained the same amount of money, evidently 
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as gifts to the six remaining Crain children, exceptors and their brothers Frederick and 

Bryan. 

{¶5} Marcia McNelis testified her father brought her into his office in March 

2011, and there were six strongboxes. She testified her father opened one, showed her 

there was $130,000 in cash inside, the bills being 50 and 100 dollar bills. She testified 

her father stated to her that all six boxes contained the same amount, and were 

intended for the Crain children. 

{¶6} Jill Sferra testified that in February 2011, she and her parents took three of 

the six strong boxes from the office, and counted the money contained therein, which 

was $130,000 in each, in ten, 20 and 50 dollar bills. She testified her father told her 

each box contained the same amount, and were meant for the six Crain children. 

{¶7} Frederick Crain testified that in May 2013, his father brought four 

strongboxes to him, which he locked in his gun safe. After his father’s death, he turned 

the boxes over to Mr. Sheperd. Mr. Sheperd testified the four boxes he received from 

Frederick Crain contained legal documents, and $20,379.80 in cash. 

{¶8} Most of the exceptors testified that Frederick and Bryan Crain isolated 

their father in his later years. Frederick and Bryan Crain testified their father wanted 

limited contact with exceptors. Gary Foltz, Ralph Crain’s nephew, testified Ralph Crain 

felt closer to Frederick and Bryan Crain. 

{¶9} Exceptors assign a single error on appeal. It reads: “Exceptors-Appellants 

assign as error that the trial court abused its discretion in denying their exceptions to the 

Amended Inventory filed in the Estate of Ralph Crain, Deceased, and accepting that 
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Amended Inventory.” Exceptors present six issues for review under this assignment of 

error: 

{¶10} “1. Should the Special Administrator, based on the totality of the 

circumstances, have taken steps to determine whether a large sum of money was 

missing from the Amended Inventory of the Estate of Ralph Crane? 

{¶11} “2. Did the Special Administrator make the efforts legally required of him to 

determine if a large sum of cash was missing from the Amended Inventory of the Estate 

of Ralph Crane? 

{¶12} “3. Did the manner in which the Special Administrator handled the issue of 

the allegedly missing money violate his fiduciary duties? 

{¶13} “4. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in making its decision? 

{¶14} “5. Was the decision by the trial court arbitrary? 

{¶15} “6. Was the decision by the trial court unreasonable?” 

{¶16} We review the probate court’s decision for abuse of discretion. In re 

Estate of Luoma, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2011-L-006, 2011-Ohio 4701, ¶20. The term 

“abuse of discretion” is one of art, connoting judgment exercised by a court which 

neither comports with reason, nor the record. State v. Ferranto, 112 Ohio St. 667, 676–

678 (1925). An abuse of discretion may be found when the trial court “applies the 

wrong legal standard, misapplies the correct legal standard, or relies on clearly 

erroneous findings of fact.” Thomas v. Cleveland, 176 Ohio App.3d 401, 2008-Ohio1720, ¶15 (8th Dist.)

{¶17} “‘A hearing of exceptions to an inventory, pursuant to R.C. 2115.16, is a 

summary proceeding conducted by the probate court to determine whether those 
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charged with the responsibility of filing an inventory have included in the decedent’s 

estate more or less than the decedent owned at the time of his or her death.’ In re 

Estate of Platt, 148 Ohio App.3d 132, 2002–Ohio–3382, ¶13 (citation omitted). 

{¶18} “The exceptor has the burden of proving the existence of assets he 

claims should have been included on the inventory. In re Estate of Haas, 10th Dist No. 

07AP 512, 2007–Ohio–7011, ¶43; Talbott v. Fisk, 10th Dist. Nos. 02AP–427 and 02AP–

428, 2002–Ohio–6960, ¶31.” Luoma, supra, at ¶17-18. 

{¶19} “The burden of proof as to the value of any estate asset lies with the 

exceptor who must prove the value by clear and convincing evidence.” In re Estate of 

Ross, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2015-T-0009, 2015-Ohio-4030, ¶37, citing Luoma, supra, 

and In re Estate of Thatcher, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-07-004, 2008-Ohio-473. 

{¶20} “Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof which 

is more than a mere ‘preponderance of the evidence,’ but not to the extent of such 

certainty as is required ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will 

produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought 

to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, paragraph three of the syllabus 

(1954). 

{¶21} Initially, exceptors argue Mr. Shepherd ignored his fiduciary duty as 

special administrator, by failing to investigate their claim that Ralph Crain had six 

strongboxes containing $130,000 apiece. They further imply that Frederick and Bryan 

Crain exercised undue influence over their father, by limiting exceptors’ contact with him 

during the last years of his life. For authority they cite to In re Estate of Kemp, 189 Ohio 

App.3d 232, 2010-Ohio-4073, ¶5 (3d Dist.): 
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{¶22} “‘The representative of an estate has an obligation and mandatory duty to 

seek out and collect every asset belonging to the decedent at the time of (her) death 

and include it in the estate.’ In re Estate of Ewing, 3d Dist. No. 5–03–03, 2003-Ohio4734, * * *, ¶12. This duty exists from the time the executor is appointed until the final 

account is filed and the executor is discharged. Id. If the record indicates that the 

inventory is inaccurate and is lacking assets that should have been included, the trial 

court errs in approving it. Id. In addition, the items to be included in the inventory are 

not limited to only the items in the estate’s actual possession. In re Estate of Kelsey, 

165 Ohio App.3d 680, 2006-Ohio-1171, * * *.” (Parallel citations omitted.)

{¶23} We respectfully fail to see how Mr. Shepherd failed in his fiduciary duty. 

He inspected Ralph Crain’s home on several occasions, and had a professional 

appraise its contents. He identified Ralph Crain’s bank accounts. When he opened and 

counted the money in the four strongboxes delivered to him by Frederick Crain, he 

invited representatives of both sides of the family to his office to participate. None of the 

exceptors did. If exceptors believed Frederick and Bryan Crain had taken the allegedly 

missing money, they could have filed an action for concealment, R.C. 2109.50. They 

never have. 

{¶24} In this case, Thomas Crain, Marcia McNelis, and Jill Sferra all testified 

they saw $130,000 in one or more strongboxes in Ralph Crain’s possession in 2010 or 

2011. Ralph Crain died in June 2014. There is no evidence or testimony that six 

strongboxes containing $130,000 each existed at the time of his death. Consequently, 

exceptors failed to carry their burden, by clear and convincing evidence, that such 

assets existed at the time of Ralph Crain’s death and should have been included in the 
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amended inventory. See, e.g., Luoma, supra, at ¶18. 

{¶25} The assignment of error lacks merit. 

{¶26} The judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Probate 

Division, is affirmed. 

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, P.J., concurs, 

TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J. concurs in judgment only with a Concurring Opinion. 

_____________________ 

TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J. concurring in judgment only. 

{¶27} I respectfully concur in judgment only. I write separately because I 

disagree with the majority’s position that the standard of review in this case is abuse of 

discretion. 

{¶28} Many appellate decisions pronounce that we review orders from the 

probate court for abuse of discretion, and many probate court orders should be 

reviewed for abuse of discretion. For example, a probate judge clearly has discretion 

to determine who is best suited for appointment as a guardian or administrator of an 

estate. See In re Estate of Ryan, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2010-L-075, 2011-Ohio-3891, 

¶23 (citations omitted). However, there are many probate orders, including this one, to 

which that standard of review simply does not apply. 

{¶29} If an asset was owned by the decedent at the time of his or her death, and 

there is no survivorship owner or designated beneficiary, the asset belongs on the 

estate inventory. R.C. 2115.02; see also In re Estate of Boccia, 11th Dist. Trumbull 
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No. 2007-T-0060, 2008-Ohio-4764, ¶16. Therefore, the probate court does not have 

discretion as to what should or should not be included on an estate inventory. Instead, 

the probate court must make factual findings based on the evidence presented and 

determine whether those findings support that the asset should be included on the 

inventory. 

{¶30} Appellants assert that the trial court erred in denying the exceptions to the 

inventory and attack the alleged failure on the part of the estate administrator to 

conduct an adequate investigation into the existence of cash. A review of the 

administrator’s testimony and cross-examination reveals no such inadequacy. The 

burden to establish that an asset is missing from inventory is on the party objecting to 

the inventory. Boccia, supra, at ¶29 (citations omitted). That burden is not met by 

simply contending the administrator could have or should have done some nonspecific 

task in an effort to discover an asset that may or may not exist. If the administrator 

was not diligent in the performance of his or her obligations, or violated a fiduciary duty 

to the estate or beneficiaries, the offended party could request removal of the 

administrator or ask the court to direct the administrator to engage in some specific 

investigation. 

{¶31} The probate court conducted an evidentiary hearing and made a factual 

determination that the exceptions to the inventory were not well taken. It then made 

the correct legal decision that the exceptions should be overruled. Because there is 

competent, credible evidence to support the trial court’s decision, it should be affirmed 

on appeal. See Whitaker v. Estate of Whitaker, 105 Ohio App.3d 46, 53 (4th 

Dist.1995) (citations omitted) (“Regarding factual determinations, a trial court will not be 
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reversed where there is some competent, credible evidence going to all essential 

elements of the case.”).