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MEMORANDUM

Tetra Tech, Inc.

10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340

Fairfax, VA 22030

phone 703-385-6000

fax 703-385-6007

TO: Lisa Biddle and Paul Shriner, EPA

FROM: Kelly Meadows and Henry Latimer

DATE: September 3, 2013

SUBJECT: Review of AFS Journal Contents

As requested, Tetra Tech reviewed the contents of the North American Journal of 

Fisheries Management published by the American Fisheries Society (AFS) for material 

potentially relevant to the 316(b) rulemaking process. Thirty-five articles were identified

in the recent published literature; a summary of each article is below.

Many of these articles focused on downstream passage at hydroelectric facilities and 

entrainment in irrigation canals. In general, only a small handful of the documents are 

relevant to 316(b) and even these are not likely to contribute to the rulemaking process. 

Some studies, however, may prove useful to facilities or permitting authorities in 

designing screens or developing analytical methods.

Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

Benny J. Gallaway,

William J. Gazey,

John G. Cole and 

Robert G. Fechhelm

Estimation of 

Potential Impacts 

from Offshore 

Liquefied Natural 

Gas Terminals on 

Red Snapper and Red 

Drum Fisheries in the 

Gulf of Mexico: An 

Alternative Approach

Modeled

entrainment losses 

at offshore LNG 

facilities

Yes, but at Phase III

facilities only

John R. Post, Brett T. 

van Poorten, Trevor 

Rhodes, Paul Askey

and Andrew Paul

Fish Entrainment into 

Irrigation Canals: An 

Analytical Approach

and Application to 

the Bow River, 

Studied 

entrainment in 

irrigation canals

Maybe; no 

performance data, 

but may provide 

insight to 

entrainment rates, 
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Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

Alberta, Canada methodologies, etc.

Christina Swanson, 

Paciencia S. Young, 

and Joseph J. Cech, 

Jr.

Close Encounters 

with a Fish Screen: 

Integrating 

Physiological and 

Behavioral Results to 

Protect Endangered 

Species in Exploited 

Ecosystems

Studied diversion 

screen 

effectiveness

Maybe; not a BTA 

technology, but may

be useful at some 

facilities

David K. White, 

Christina Swanson, 

Paciencia S. Young, 

Joseph J. Cech Jr., 

ZhiQiang Chen and 

M. Levent Kavvas

Close Encounters 

with a Fish Screen II: 

Delta Smelt Behavior 

Before and During 

Screen Contact

Studied diversion 

screen 

effectiveness

Maybe; not a BTA 

technology, but may

be useful at some 

facilities

Glenn Cada, John

Smith, and Jessica

Busey

Use of PressureSensitive Film to 

Quantify Sources of 

Injury to Fish

Studied 

downstream hydro 

turbine passage

No, but could help 

improve fish 

handling and return 

systems

Andrew J. Carlson

and Frank J. Rahel

A Basinwide 

Perspective on 

Entrainment of Fish 

in Irrigation Canals

Studied 

entrainment at 

irrigation canals, 

compared to 

basinwide 

population

No; not in scope

Michael Dedual Survival of Juvenile 

Rainbow Trout 

Passing through a 

Francis Turbine

Studied 

downstream hydro 

turbine passage

No; not in scope

John W. Ferguson, 

Randall F. Absolon, 

Thomas J. Carlson 

and Benjamin P. 

Sandford

Evidence of Delayed 

Mortality on Juvenile 

Pacific Salmon 

Passing through 

Turbines at Columbia 

River Dams

Studied 

downstream hydro 

turbine passage

No; not in scope

Peter B. Moyle and 

Joshua A. Israel

Untested 

assumptions: 

effectiveness of 

screening diversions 

for conservation of 

fish populations

Literature survey

of fish diversion 

screening

No; focused on 

management criteria 

for diversions

Emily Y. Floyd, 

Roger Churchwell, 

and Joseph J. Cech, 

Jr.

Effects of Water 

Velocity and Trash 

Rack Architecture on 

Juvenile Fish Passage 

Studied fish 

behavior near 

trash racks

No, but may be 

useful to some 

facilities
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Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

and Interactions: A 

Simulation

Martin J. Hamel, 

Michael L. Brown, 

and Steven R. Chipps

Behavioral 

Responses of 

Rainbow Smelt to in 

situ Strobe Lights

Tested behavioral 

technology

effectiveness

No; not a BTA 

technology, but may

be useful to some 

facilities

Douglas G. 

Heimbuch, Ernesto 

Lorda, Douglas 

Vaughan, Lawrence 

W. Barnthouse, Jim 

Uphoff, Webster Van 

Winkle, Andy

Kahnle, Byron 

Young, John Young, 

Lisa Kline

Assessing Coastwide 

Effects of Power 

Plant Entrainment 

and Impingement on 

Fish Populations: 

Atlantic Menhaden 

Example

Attempted to 

model large-scale 

population effects 

for a single 

species

No; adverse 

environmental 

impact (AEI) is not

defined at the 

population level

Douglas G. 

Heimbuch, Dennis J. 

Dunning, Quentin E. 

Ross, and Alan F. 

Blumberg

Assessing Potential 

Effects of 

Entrainment and 

Impingement on Fish 

Stocks of the New 

York–New Jersey

Harbor Estuary and 

Long Island Sound

Modeled 

population effects

No; AEI is not

defined at the 

population level

Gary E. Johnson, 

Steven M. Angeal, 

Noah S. Adams, 

Timothy O. Wik

Evaluation of a 

Prototype Surface 

Flow Bypass for

Juvenile Salmon and 

Steelhead at the 

Powerhouse of

Lower Granite Dam, 

Snake River, 

Washington, 1996–

2000

Studied 

downstream hydro 

passage

No; not in scope

Paul S. Kemp, Mike 

H. Gessel, and John 

G. Williams

Fine-Scale 

Behavioral 

Responses of Pacific 

Salmonid Smolts as

They Encounter 

Divergence and 

Acceleration of Flow

Studied flow 

characteristics and 

effects on 

migration 

behavior

No, but could help 

improve fish 

handling and return 

systems

Mary L. Moser, 

Howard T. 

Pennington, and 

Jeremy M. Roos

Grating Size Needed 

to Protect Adult 

Pacific Lampreys in 

the Columbia River 

Tested screen 

mesh sizes for 

exclusion of 

downstream 

No; not in scope
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Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

Basin passage at hydro

James J. Roberts and 

Frank J. Rahel

Irrigation Canals as 

Sink Habitat for 

Trout and Other 

Fishes in a Wyoming 

Drainage

Studied 

entrainment at 

irrigation canals

No; not in scope

Robert H. 

Wertheimer and

Allen F. Evans

Downstream Passage 

of Steelhead Kelts

through 

Hydroelectric Dams 

on the Lower Snake 

and Columbia Rivers

Studied 

downstream hydro 

passage

No; not in scope

Robert H. 

Wertheimer

Evaluation of a 

Surface Flow Bypass 

System for Steelhead 

Kelt Passage at 

Bonneville Dam, 

Washington

Studied 

downstream hydro 

passage

No; not in scope

John R. Young Comparison of 

Failure Time 

Analysis and 

Abbott’s Formula for 

Estimating Survival 

of Organisms 

Entrained at Power 

Stations

Entrainment 

survival study

No; not in scope, as 

100% mortality is 

assumed

Ronald G. King, 

Greg Seegert, Joe 

Vondruska, Elgin S. 

Perry, Douglas A. 

Dixon

Factors Influencing 

Impingement at 15 

Ohio River Power 

Plants

Evaluated the 

importance of 

environmental and 

plant operational 

factors on 

impingement. 

EPRI published 

this report

Yes

John R. Young, 

William P. Dey, 

Steven M. Jinks, 

David T. Mosier

Survival of Striped 

Bass Entrained into 

the Cooling Systems 

of Two Hudson 

River Power Stations

Entrainment 

survival study

based on data 

from the 1970s 

and 1980s

No; not in scope

Brien P. Rose and 

Matthew G. Mesa

Effectiveness of 

Common Fish Screen 

Materials to Protect 

Lamprey

Ammocoetes

Studied the rate of 

entrainment and 

impingement of 

Pacific lamprey

ammocoetes on 

five different 

No, but may be 

useful to some 

facilities
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Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

screen types.

Dennis J. Dunning 

and Christopher 

W.D. Gurshin

Downriver Passage 

of Juvenile Blueback 

Herring near an 

Ultrasonic Field in 

the Mohawk River

Tested behavioral 

technology

effectiveness

No; not in scope

Greg Seegert, Joe 

Vondruska, Elgin 

Perry, Doug Dixon

Longitudinal 

Variation in the Ohio 

River Fish 

Community

Studied fish 

community in the 

Ohio River near 

17 power plants.

No, but may be 

useful to Ohio River 

facilities

Steven B. Gale, 

Alexander V. Zale, 

Christopher G. 

Clancy

Effectiveness of Fish 

Screens to Prevent 

Entrainment of 

Westslope Cutthroat 

Trout into Irrigation 

Canals

Studied diversion 

screen 

effectiveness

Maybe; not a BTA 

technology, but may

be useful at some 

facilities

Lenny F. Grimaldo, 

Ted Sommer, Nick 

Van Ark, Gardner 

Jones, Erika Holland, 

Peter B. Moyle, 

Bruce Herbold, Pete 

Smith

Factors Affecting 

Fish Entrainment into 

Massive Water 

Diversions in a Tidal 

Freshwater Estuary: 

Can Fish Losses be 

Managed?

Studied 

entrainment into 

water diversion 

structures

No, but may be 

useful to some 

facilities

Tracy R. Leavy and 

Timothy H. Bonner

Relationships among 

Swimming Ability, 

Current Velocity 

Association, and 

Morphology for 

Freshwater Lotic 

Fishes

Studied absolute 

and relative 

swimming speeds 

of various fish 

species in a swim 

tunnel

No. Conclusions are 

not predictive of 

fish responses to 

velocity changes. 

Also, the study did 

not consider 

different life stages.

Daniel L. Bigbee, 

Ronald G. King, 

Kent M. Dixon, 

Douglas A. Dixon, 

and Elgin S. Perry

Survival of Fish 

Impinged on a 

Rotary Disk Screen

Studied 48-hour 

latent mortality of 

fish removed from 

a rotary disk 

screen at North

Omaha Station, 

NE. EPRI

published this 

report.

Maybe; not a BTA 

technology, but may

be useful at some 

facilities. 

John H. Minan The Clean Water Act 

and Power Plant 

Cooling Water Intake 

Structures

Policy document 

reviewing 

environmental 

costs and benefits 

of various cooling 

water 

Yes, but 

policy/economics 

issues, not biology
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Author(s) Title Notes Useful for 316(b)?

technologies

William J. Miller, 

Bryan F. J. Manly, 

Dennis D. Murphy, 

David Fullerton, Rob 

Roy Ramey

An Investigation of 

Factors Affecting the 

Decline of Delta 

Smelt (Hypomesus 

transpacificus) in the 

Sacramento-San 

Joaquin Estuary

Includes 

entrainment of 

delta smelt into 

diversion water 

intakes as a factor 

in population 

decline

No, not in scope

Daniel G. 

MacDonald

Enhanced Surface 

Cooling as an 

Alternative for 

Thermal Discharges

Presents a 

preliminary study

of enhanced 

surface cooling as 

an alternative to 

cooling towers

No. Relevant to 

316(a) not 316(b).

J.J. Hoover, K.A. 

Boysen, J.A. Beard, 

H. Smith

Assessing the Risk of 

Entrainment by

Cutterhead Dredges 

to Juvenile Lake 

Sturgeon (Acipenser 

fulvescens) and 

Juvenile Pallid 

Sturgeon 

(Scaphyrhyncus 

albus)

Calculates an 

index of 

entrainment risk 

based on 

rheotaxis, 

swimming 

endurance, and 

behavioral data.

No, but may be 

useful to some 

facilities.

J. Wilson White, 

Kerry J. Nickols, 

Linden Clarke, and 

John L. Largier

Larval Entrainment 

in Cooling Water 

Intakes: Spatially

Explicit Models 

Reveal Effects on 

Benthic 

Metapopulations and 

Shortcomings of 

Traditional 

Assessments

Explores models 

for estimating the 

population-level 

impacts of larval 

entrainment for 

marine 

ecosystems

No, focuses on 

population-level 

effects.

Jinho Chae, Hyun 

Woo Choi, Woo Jin 

Lee, Dongsung Kim, 

and Jae Hac Lee

Distribution of a 

Pelagic Tunicate, 

Salpa fusiformis, in 

Warm Surface 

Current of the 

Eastern Korean 

Waters and its 

Impingement on 

Cooling Water 

Intakes of Uljin 

Nuclear Power Plant

Explores 

environmental 

factors 

contributing the 

impingement of S. 

fusiformis.

No, not in scope.
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