# Patent

## Title
Acoustic structure fiddle and manufacturing method thereof

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a violin of acoustic configuration, which is different from the classic violin and a manufacturing method thereof. The violin of acoustic configuration is produced according to the rules of acoustic regularity, standard pitch data and uniform orderly reflecting surface of the violin cavity. The reflecting surface of cavity is depended on the international standard pitch data and the rule of acoustic wavelength changing. According to the configuration rules, the violin made of normal materials and technology process condition may provide better volume and tone, and provide much better performance in the standard pitch playing status.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of violin configuration improvement and manufacturing method thereof. The violin according to the invention includes fiddle, viola and cello.
BACKGROUND
Today's violin follows the configuration of the ancient Italy famous artisan, it has been more than three hundred years. The classical configuration of violin is shown in FIG. 1.
The traditional violin comprise a head end, strings, codes, sound columns, a bass beam, a fingerboard, a faceplate, a backplate, side plates, first wood, tail wood, angle wood and bow. The violin imitated the traditional violin is not satisfied with the volume and tone usually.
In order to improve the timbre and volume of the violin, people improve each part of the violin. The cavity of the violin is the mainly part, which produces sound and resonance, improvement of the configuration of the cavity will directly influence the volume and timbre of the violin.
AntonioStradivari, famous violin maker, almost take his whole life (from 1690 to 1713) to change his works to pursuit the best violin shape.
Violin is a sound generator and resonant box. The oscillation of the sound in the cavity is completed by the sound wave reflected up and down by the reflecting surface of the faceplate and the backplate. In order to create harmonious oscillation, the reflecting surface should be elastic, uniform, smooth and continues. Each kind of sound has particular requirement for the reflecting surface position, area distribution and relative distance. It is closely related to the inner surface of the faceplate and the backplate. For making the best violin, a reasonable scientific configuration is very important.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is to provide a more reasonable scientific configuration for the violin and manufacture method thereof.
The technical proposal of the invention is as follows,
An acoustic configuration violin, comprising
a backplate, a faceplate and side plates, which constitute the violin cavity,
one end of the cavity being the head end and the other end being the tail end,
the side of the cavity having a c-shaped region,
f-hole being set on the faceplate, wherein,
In the longitudinal mid-section of violin cavity head end and tail end, the vertical distance between the inner surface of the backplate and the faceplate is increased gradually from the head end or the tail end to the location of c-shaped region, and farther from the C-shaped region, the rising slope of the vertical distance is smaller, nearer from the C-shaped region, the rising slope of the vertical distance is greater.
The preferably embodiments of the invention are as follows:
Preferably, the length between the head end to c-shaped region being divided in twelve equal parts, the distance between the backplate inner surface and faceplate inner surface at each divided point are as follows, choosing 12 tones in order from the united states of America standard institute z 24.1-1936 standard pitch frequency table, said 12 tones being according to the 12 divided points respectively, the wavelengths of each tones is equal to the distance between the faceplate inner surface and the backplate inner surface; the length between the tail end to c-shaped region is divided in twelve equal parts, the distance between the backplate inner surface and faceplate inner surface at each divided point are as follows, choosing 12 tones in order from the united states of America standard institute z 24.1-1936 standard pitch frequency table, said 12 tones being according to the 12 divided points respectively, the wavelengths of each tones is equal to the distance between the faceplate inner surface and the backplate inner surface.
Preferably, said violin is fiddle.
Preferably, said violin is viola or cello.
Preferably, twelve tones choosing for the head end to c-shaped region are different form twelve tones choosing for the tail end to c-shaped region.
Preferably, a low frequency reflecting surface is set in the violin cavity, the low frequency reflecting surface located in the central of cavity and avoid the f hole, and the distance between inner faceplate and the low frequency reflecting surface is less than 0.4 cm. Said low frequency reflecting surface can improve the low frequency reflecting effect of sound. For example, according to the fiddle G string, G35 wavelength being 1140.419 mm, it can be reflected only at its 1/32 wavelength, so that the oscillations energy loss is large. After setting the low frequency reflecting surface, the reflecting surface is at approximate zero wavelength of the sound wave, and has a good effect for reflecting low frequency sound wave.
Preferably, aid low frequency reflecting surface is set at the inner side of the violin bass beam.
A method for making the above mentioned violin of acoustic configuration comprises the following steps of,
in the longitudinally symmetrical section between the head end and tail end in the violin cavity, dividing the length between the head end to the c shaped region into 12 equal parts, choosing 12 standard tones wavelength in order from the united states of America standard institute z 24.1-1936 standard pitch frequency table, said 12 standard tones wavelength according to the 12 divided points respectively, said 12 standard tones wavelength being equal to the distance between faceplate inner surface and backplate inner surface,
connecting twelve points with a continuous curve to constitute a violin cavity inner mold line,
dividing the length between the tail end to the c shaped region into 12 equal parts, choosing 12 standard tones wavelength in order from the united states of America standard institute z 24.1-1936 standard pitch frequency table, said 12 standard tones wavelength according to the 12 divided points respectively, said 12 standard tones wavelength is equal to the distance between faceplate inner surface and backplate inner surface,
connecting twelve points with a continuous curve to constitute a violin cavity inner mold line.
Preferably, at the two ends of the violin cavity, set the twelfth dividing point, most closest to the c-shape region, as the origin point. Setup the vertical axis, which is through longitudinal symmetrical section and the origin as rotating axis, (the datum plane of the faceplate and the backplate is the Horizon of Newton reference system, the direction of its perpendicular line and vertical axis is the same as the direction of freefall), according to said rotating axis, intercepts equal radial sections at different inclination angle, and at all vertical dividing line of the longitudinal symmetrical section and equal radial sections, makes the vertical distance at these points between inner surface equal to wavelength of selected 12 tone respectively, and obtains smooth and continuous surface.
In the technical scheme said above, the invention is according to the rules of acoustics and American music standards institute z24.1-1936 standard pith frequency data, calculated the acoustic wavelength, the specific frequency and wavelength are as follows,
American music standards institute
Z24.1-1936







TABLE 1







American music standards institute Z24.1 ---- 1936 standard pith frequency table

























Fre-

Fre-

Fre-

Fre-

Fre-

Fre-

Fre-

Fre-


Sound
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency
Key
quency


name
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)
No.
(Hz)


























A
1
27.500
13
55.000
25
110.000
37
220.000
49
440.000
61
880.000
73
1760.000
85
3520.000


#A(bB)
2
29.135
14
58.270
26
116.541
38
233.082
50
446.164
62
932.328
74
1864.655
86
3729.310


B
3
30.868
15
61.735
27
123.471
39
246.942
51
493.883
63
987.767
75
1975.533
87
3951.066


C
4
32.703
16
65.406
28
130.831
40
261.626
52
523.251
64
1046.502
76
2093.005
88
4188.009


#C(bD)
5
34.648
17
69.296
29
138.591
41
277.183
53
554.365
65
1108.731
77
2217.461




D
6
36.708
18
73.416
30
146.832
42
293.665
54
587.330
66
1174.659
78
2349.318




#D(bE)
7
38.891
19
77.782
31
155.563
43
311.127
55
622.254
67
1244.508
79
2489.016




E
8
41.203
20
82.407
32
164.814
44
329.628
56
659.255
68
1318.510
80
2637.021




F
9
43.654
21
87.307
33
174.614
45
349.228
57
698.456
69
1396.913
81
2793.826




#F(bG)
10
46.249
22
92.499
34
184.997
46
369.994
58
739.989
70
1479.978
82
2959.955




G
11
48.899
23
97.999
35
195.998
47
391.995
59
783.991
71
1567.982
83
3135.964




#G(bA)
12
51.913
24
103.826
36
207.652
48
415.305
60
830.609
72
1661.219
84
3322.438









In the above mentioned table, 12 tones of per octave (including semitone) are one group, the frequency of the later group is exactly double the previous group. Due to the speed of sound in the air is known, we calculate the wavelength for each tone based on the frequency.







TABLE 2







Calculated wavelength table of each violin tone

























Wave-

Wave-

Wave-

Wave-

Wave-

Wave-

Wave-

Wave-


Sound
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length
Key
length


name
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)
No.
(mm)


























A
25
2032.000
37
1016.000
49
508.000
61
254.000
73
127.000
85
63.500
97
31.750
109
15.875


#A(bB)
26
1917.925
38
958.975
50
479.488
62
239.744
74
119.872
86
59.936
98
29.968
110
14.984


B
27
1810.304
39
905.151
51
452.577
63
226.288
75
113.144
87
56.572
99
28.286
111
14.143


C
28
1708.698
40
854.349
52
427.175
64
213.588
76
109.622
88
53.397
100
26.698
112
13.349


#C(bD)
29
1612.803
41
806.398
53
403.200
65
201.600
77
100.800
89
50.400
101
25.200
113
12.600


D
30
1522.284
42
761.139
54
380.570
66
190.285
78
95.143
90
47.775
102
23.887
114
11.943


#D(bE)
31
1436.845
43
718.420
55
359.210
67
179.605
79
89.803
91
44.901
103
22.450
115
11.225


E
32
1356.195
44
678.098
56
330.049
68
169.528
80
84.762
92
42.381
104
21.190
116
10.595


F
33
1280.080
45
640.040
57
320.020
69
160.010
81
80.005
93
40.002
105
20.001
117
10.001


#F(bG)
34
1208.236
46
604.118
58
302.059
70
151.029
82
75.515
94
37.757
106
18.878
118
9.439


G
35
1140.419
47
570.211
59
285.105
71
142.553
83
71.276
95
35.387
107
17.693
119
8.847


#G(bA)
36
1076.416
48
538.207
60
269.104
72
134.552
84
67.276
96
33.638
108
16.819
120
8.410









The wavelength in the table 2 is as same as the frequency, twelve tones are one group, and the latter group is 1⁄2 times to the former group. Any group we picked out can represent the variation rule of any other group. The particular wavelength of each group is different. The wavelength can be several meters in the bass, but the wavelength is only a few millimeters in the treble area. Depending on the size of violin, the wavelength data can be selected to match the size of violin.
The invention has the following advantages, the inner sound reflecting surface of the violin reflects acoustic wavelength variation rule, which the rule of the reflecting surface is defined by the international standard pitch data. For the uniform and orderly reflecting surface, the sound information loss probability is reduced, and makes excellent resonant effect. The timbre are full and soft, treble are brighter, and bass are thick. The requirement of material is lowered. Further more, in some embodiment that use low frequency reflecting surface, the low frequency reflecting surface, which is mounted at the side of bass beam keeps a closer distance with the inner faceplate surface, so that it can decrease the bass loss, and enhance the volume and timbre by reflecting the bass in a very short distance.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is described through examples and accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a classical violin. Looking from the exterior, the longitudinal curve of the faceplate and the backplate rising process is short, so that the spacing reaches a maximum value soon.
FIG. 2 is a faceplate and backplate surface trend graph of the fiddle according to the embodiment of the invention, i.e. the longitude of the fiddle according to the wavelength changes rule of acoustic configuration getting from the international standard pitch data and uniform orderly rule.
FIG. 3 is a configuration drawing of the acoustic configuration fiddle, which is according to the wavelength change rule getting from the international standard pitch data and uniform orderly rule. Looking from the exterior, the vertical spacing chande between faceplate and backplate is slowly monotonically increasing along the longitudinal direction, this trend has continued to the c shaped area until the end near.
FIG. 4 is the sketch diagram of low frequency reflection board.
FIG. 5 is the top view of low frequency reflection board shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 is E string frequency spectrum of A type.
FIG. 10 to FIG. 13 is E string frequency spectrum of B type.
FIG. 14 to FIG. 17 is A string frequency spectrum of A type.
FIG. 18 to FIG. 21 is A string frequency spectrum of B type.
FIG. 22 to FIG. 25 is D string frequency spectrum of A type.
FIG. 26 to FIG. 29 is D string frequency spectrum of B type.
FIG. 30 to FIG. 33 is G string frequency spectrum of A type.
FIG. 34 to FIG. 37 is G string frequency spectrum of B type.



EMBODIMENTS
Example of the invention is acoustic configuration fiddle, the fiddle traditional height of head wood and tail wood is 30.5 mm and 32.5 mm. As a reference in the production of acoustic configuration fiddle, we are from table 2 select two set data as follow.














Sound name:




















#A98
A97
#G96
G95
#F94
F93
E92
#D91
D90
#C89
C88
B87





Wavelength: (mm)
29.968
31.750
33.638
35.387
37.757
40.002
42.381
44.901
47.775
50.400
53.397
56.572












Sound name:




















A97
#G96
G95
#F94
F93
E92
#D91
D90
#C89
C88
B87
#A86





Wavelength: (mm)
31.750
33.638
35.387
37.757
40.002
42.381
44.901
47.775
50.400
53.397
56.572
59.936









The two groups of sound we called design element
All music of the fiddle including chromatic have 3 groups and half, which add up to 41. Because the fiddle entity is small, we can only select the table in wavelengths smaller group, as the design element for design. in order to reduce the energy loss of sound oscillation, we should make the spacing between faceplate and backplate equal to design data, in same time, according to the uniform and orderly rule, to decide trend of the faceplate and backplate.
Let Ip, Im and Ib express length of fiddle head, middle and tail {on the principle of c shaped area as the central, other is the front and aft}. The head part and the tail part evenly divided into twelve equal part. Then make twelve rectangles, rectangular high respectively equal to the twelve wavelength data. connected rectangular vertex we can obtain longitudinal trend graph of wavelength change rule, shown in FIG. 2, we use on same method can obtain miscellaneous trend graph. In the longitudinal plane the cavity ends the twelfth point become the origin {the origin point is leave to the c-shaped region closely and the wavelength is maximum}, we can through the origin set up vertical axis for rotating axis, this rotating axis is perpendicular to datum of faceplate and back plate, rotate the axis and intercept radiation planes with different inclination angles relative to longitudinal symmetrical plane, along each radiation plane make twelve equaled vertical line, every line its distance between the inner surface of faceplate and backplate corresponding equal to the twelve wavelengths, thus formation an acoustic continuous curved inner surface of fiddle, in all points of the faceplate and backplate, the vertical distance between the inner surface is gradually increased. The distance to the origin point is far, the vertical rise slope is smaller; the distance to the origin point is closer, the vertical rise slope is greater.
Then, the height of side board, first wood, end wood and angle wood should be regulated by the design elements data.
The acoustic configuration fiddle formed of fiddle cavity, which is composed of acoustic configuration faceplate, back plate, side board, first wood block, angle wood block and tail wood block, as shown in FIG. 3.
This acoustic configuration cavity is characterized that;
1, violin configuration elements and relationships are determined by the acoustic data.
2, it can choose different or the same two groups of twelve design elements matching the various size of violin.
3, the acoustic reflecting surfaces is reflect change rule of acoustic wavelength.
4, the reflecting surface formed uniformly and orderly can make the sound more harmonious.
5, look from the exterior, the faceplate and backplate [or one of them] have different shape trend comparison with traditional violin, the feature for inner curved trend along the longitudinal direction, the height is a slow monotone increasing trend, this trend has continued go to nearly the c-shaped region.
The fiddle can use in general material and technology condition to make the fiddle in the standard pitch conditions, voice is soft and rich colors, bright treble, and bass thick, and pronunciation homogeneous, sensitive response.
In addition to further know different effect of two different configurations and exclusion influence of material and technology process, we used the same violin and two kinds of configuration for comparison and evaluation.
A is a violin selection secondary material according to the Antonio.stradivari configuration classical violin.
B is based on A only replace the faceplate, new faceplate of inner surface is formation by acoustic data and based on backplate inner surface. B represents the acoustic configuration violin,

    
    
        The spectrum recording is A type and B type records.
    
    


FIG. 6 to FIG. 37 spectrum is A type and B type in E, A, D, G string of empty string sound, each empty string has four sampling record.
Comparison the result shown that, B type violin sound spectrum was superior to A type violin.
In order to improve voice of violin bass, low beam install low frequency reflecting surface, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5,
FIG. 3 is a reflecting surface, also is Elastic slice with a fixed wooden 2 connected to the bass beam of side, elastic slice is parallel to inner surface of faceplate and maintained close distance, should be avoid touch to faceplate, the elastic slice on the shape should avoid the channel of voice and without obstruct the sound column installation, the distance between low frequency reflective slice and faceplate inner surface should be greater than 0.2 mm and less than 0.4 mm, elastic slice of thickness should be good elasticity.
The embodiment of the violin configuration and making method is also suitable for viola and cello.
All characteristics disclosed in the specification, all the disclosed methods or steps of processes can be combined in any manner, except mutually exclusive characteristics and/or steps.
Any one of the characteristics disclosed in this specification (including any additional claim, abstract and accompany drawings), unless particularly described, all can be replaced with other equivalents or alternative characteristics with similar purposes. That is, unless particularly described, each feature is just one example among a series of equivalents or similar features.
The invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. The invention extends to any disclosed new feature or any new combination thereof, as well as any one of disclosed new methods, process steps or any new combination thereof in this specification.

## Claims

1. An acoustic configuration violin, comprising:
a violin cavity comprising a backplate, a faceplate and side plates,
the violin cavity having a head end, a tail end, and a longitudinal mid-section between the head end and the tail end,
a side of the cavity having a c-shaped region, and
an f-hole being set on the faceplate, wherein:
in the longitudinal mid-section of violin cavity, a vertical distance between an inner surface of the backplate and an inner surface of the faceplate is increased gradually from the head end or the tail end to the c-shaped region, farther from the C-shaped region, a rising slope of the vertical distance is smaller, and nearer to the C-shaped region, the rising slope of the vertical distance is greater, and
a length between each of (i) the head end and the c-shaped region and (ii) the tail end and the c-shaped region is divided in twelve equal parts, and the distance between the inner surface of the backplate and the inner surface of the faceplate at a point between each divided part in order equals one of 12 tones in order having American standard pitch frequency.

2. The violin according to claim 1, wherein said violin is a fiddle.

3. The violin according to claim 1, wherein said violin is an acoustic violin.

4. An acoustic configuration string instrument, comprising:
a string instrument cavity comprising a backplate, a faceplate and side plates,
the string instrument cavity having a head end, a tail end, and a longitudinal mid-section between the head end and the tail end,
a side of the cavity having a c-shaped region, and
an f-hole being set on the faceplate, wherein:
in the longitudinal mid-section of the string instrument cavity, a vertical distance between an inner surface of the backplate and an inner surface of the faceplate is increased gradually from the head end or the tail end to the c-shaped region, farther from the C-shaped region, a rising slope of the vertical distance is smaller, nearer to the C-shaped region, the rising slope of the vertical distance is greater, a length between the head end and the c shaped region and a length between the tail end and the c shaped region is divided into 12 equal parts, a distance between the inner surface of the backplate and the inner surface of the faceplate at a point between each divided part equals one of 12 standard tone wavelengths in order having American standard pitch frequency, said 12 standard tone wavelengths defining 12 divided points respectively, and each of the 12 divided points are connected with a continuous curve to constitute a string instrument cavity inner mold line, and
the twelve tones chosen for the distance between the inner surface of the backplate and the inner surface of the faceplate in the head end to the c-shaped region are different from the twelve tones chosen for the distance between the inner surface of the backplate and the inner surface of the faceplate in the tail end to the c-shaped region.

5. The violin according to claim 1, wherein a low frequency reflecting surface is set in the violin cavity, the low frequency reflecting surface located in a center of the cavity and avoiding the f hole, and a distance between the inner faceplate and the low frequency reflecting surface is less than 0.4 cm.

6. The violin according to claim 5, wherein said low frequency reflecting surface is set at an inner side of a bass beam of the violin.

7. A method for making a violin of acoustic configuration, comprising:
in a longitudinally symmetrical section between a head end and a tail end in a violin cavity, dividing each of a length between the head end and a c shaped region and a length between the tail end and the c shaped region into 12 equal parts, choosing 12 standard tone wavelengths in order having American standard pitch frequency, said 12 standard tone wavelengths defining 12 divided points respectively, said 12 standard tone wavelengths being equal to a distance between an inner surface of a faceplate and an inner surface of a backplate, and
connecting each of the twelve divided points with a continuous curve to constitute a violin cavity inner mold line.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein
at the head and tail ends of the violin cavity, setting the twelfth dividing point closest to the c-shaped region as an origin,
setting a vertical axis through a longitudinal symmetrical section and the origin as a rotating axis,
intercepting a plurality of equal radial sections at different inclination angles to the rotating axis,
making 12 equal vertical dividing lines in the equal radial sections, and
making the distance between the inner surfaces of the faceplate and the backplate along the equal vertical dividing lines equal to the wavelengths of the selected 12 tones respectively at the equal vertical dividing lines.

9. The violin according to claim 1, wherein the twelve tones chosen for the head end to c-shaped region are different from the twelve tones chosen for the tail end to c-shaped region.

10. The violin according to claim 2, wherein the twelve tones chosen for the head end to c-shaped region are different from the twelve tones chosen for the tail end to c-shaped region.

11. The violin according to claim 3, wherein the twelve tones chosen for the head end to c-shaped region are different from the twelve tones chosen for the tail end to c-shaped region.

12. The string instrument according to claim 4, wherein a low frequency reflecting surface is set in the string instrument cavity, the low frequency reflecting surface located in a center of the cavity and avoiding the f hole, and a distance between an inner faceplate and the low frequency reflecting surface is less than 0.4 cm.

13. The violin according to claim 2, wherein a low frequency reflecting surface is set in the violin cavity, the low frequency reflecting surface located in a center of the cavity and avoiding the f hole, and a distance between an inner faceplate and the low frequency reflecting surface is less than 0.4 cm.

14. The violin according to claim 3, wherein a low frequency reflecting surface is set in the violin cavity, the low frequency reflecting surface located in a center of the cavity and avoiding the f hole, and a distance between an inner faceplate and the low frequency reflecting surface is less than 0.4 cm.

15. The string instrument according to claim 4, wherein said string instrument is a fiddle.

16. The string instrument according to claim 4, wherein said string instrument is a viola.

17. The string instrument according to claim 4, wherein said string instrument is a cello.

18. The string instrument according to claim 12, wherein said low frequency reflecting surface is set at an inner side of a bass beam of the string instrument.

19. The method according to claim 7, wherein
at the head and tail ends of the violin cavity, setting the twelfth dividing point closest to the c-shaped region as an origin,
setting a vertical axis through a longitudinal symmetrical section and the origin as a rotating axis,
intercepting a plurality of equal radial sections at different inclination angles to a rotation axis as a rotating axis,
making 12 equal vertical dividing lines in the equal radial sections, and
making the distance between the inner surfaces of the faceplate and the backplate along the equal vertical dividing lines equal to the wavelengths of the selected 12 tones respectively at the equal vertical dividing lines.

20. The string instrument according to claim 4, wherein said string instrument is an acoustic violin.