J-A03004-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

B.C.S. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellant

v.

T.S.S.

Appellee No. 1491 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Order Entered August 28, 2014

In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County

Civil Division at No(s): 9-4039

BEFORE: MUNDY, J., STABILE, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.: FILED APRIL 21, 2015

Appellant, B.C.S. (Mother), appeals from the August 28, 2014 custody 

order which modified the June 18, 2010 existing custody order with respect 

to her sons, K.M.S. and A.B.S. (the Children),1 born during her marriage to, 

Appellee, T.S.S. (Father). After careful review, we affirm.

We summarize the relevant factual and procedural history of this case 

as follows. Mother initiated the underlying custody action in May 2009, 

along with a divorce action. Upon the parties’ separation, Mother remained 

in the marital home that was located in the Wilson School District, and 

____________________________________________

*

Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 K.M.S. was born in December 1999 and A.B.S. was born in August 2004.
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Father moved to Exeter Township, in Berks County, which was 

approximately fifteen to twenty minutes from the marital home. Findings of 

Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 8/28/14, at 2. 

Pursuant to an agreed-upon custody order dated June 18, 2010 (existing 

custody order), the parties exercised shared legal custody, Mother exercised 

primary physical custody, and Father exercised partial physical custody on 

alternating weekends and every Tuesday and Thursday evening. 

On August 24, 2011, Father filed a petition for special relief alleging 

that he and Mother were unable to agree upon the Children’s school 

enrollment for the 2011-2012 school year, at which time K.M.S. was 

entering fourth grade, and A.B.S. was entering first grade. Petition for 

Special Relief, 8/24/11, at ¶¶ 5, 7, 9. Father asserted that K.M.S. had 

attended the Montessori Country Day School for second and third grade, and 

A.B.S. attended the Montessori Country Day School for kindergarten. Id. In 

addition, Father alleged that Mother had refused to have the Children 

immunized due to “strong ethical objections.” Id. at ¶ 18. Father sought to 

have the Children enrolled in the Wilson School District and to have them 

vaccinated “without [Mother’s] permission and over her objection.” Id. at 

¶¶ 19-21.

Following an evidentiary hearing, by order dated October 18, 2011, 

the trial court granted Father the discretion to enroll the Children in the 

Wilson School District or in the Montessori Country Day School and 
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authorized him to have the Children immunized. Father elected to enroll the 

Children in the Wilson School District. Following Mother’s timely filing of a 

notice of appeal from the October 18, 2011 order, this Court affirmed the 

order. See B.C.S. v. T.S.S., 48 A.3d 490 (Pa. Super. 2012) (unpublished 

memorandum). 

On July 15, 2013, Father filed a petition in the trial court for special 

relief alleging that Mother had purchased a home in Mohnton, in Berks 

County, and that she intended to move out of the Wilson School District.2 

Petition for Special Relief, 7/15/13, at ¶ 9. Father asserted that he 

established a temporary residence in the Wilson School District, and that he 

intended to relocate permanently to the Wilson School District so the 

Children may continue in the same school district. Id. at ¶¶ 17-18.3 In 

addition, Father alleged, in part, that Mother has objected to any pediatrician 

for the Children “that advocates for vaccines and ... instead tak[es] the 

children to Urgent Cares without Father’s consent.” Id. at ¶ 22. As such, in 

his petition, Father requested sole legal and primary physical custody of the 

Children. 

____________________________________________

2 Mother’s home in Mohnton, in Berks County, is located in the Governor 

Mifflin School District. Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and 

Final Custody Order, 8/28/14, at 8.

3

In his petition for special relief filed on July 15, 2013, Father included two 

separate paragraphs identified as number 18. Here, we reference both 

paragraphs identified as number 18.
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Shortly thereafter, on July 24, 2013, Mother filed a petition to modify 

the existing custody order. Mother requested that K.M.S. reside with Father, 

that A.B.S. reside with her, and that A.B.S. be enrolled in private school. By 

temporary order dated July 24, 2013, the trial court granted Father primary 

physical custody of K.M.S., and Mother primary physical custody of A.B.S. 

In addition, the trial court granted the parties alternate physical custody of 

the Children every weekend, with the intent of the order being that the 

Children remain together on the weekends. Further, the trial court directed 

that the Children continue to attend the Wilson School District, and that 

Mother not relocate her residence without written consent of Father or 

further order of court.4 Finally, the trial court permitted Father to select 

unilaterally a pediatrician or any other medical provider needed for the 

Children. 

The custody hearing occurred on July 28 and 29, and August 1, 2014. 

By the time of the hearing, Father and Father’s wife, K.W. (Stepmother) had 

relocated to the Wilson School District in the same neighborhood where the 

former marital home was located, which was a driving distance of fifteen to 

twenty minutes from Mother’s new home in Mohnton, in Berks County. 

____________________________________________

4 By agreed-upon order dated January 22, 2014, the trial court permitted 

Mother to relocate to Mohnton, in Berks County. Further, the trial court 

directed that the temporary July 24, 2013 order remain in full force and 

effect with respect to the provisions regarding physical custody of the 

Children and the Children continuing to attend the Wilson School District.
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Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 9, 22. The parties agreed that Father would exercise primary 

physical custody of K.M.S., and that K.M.S. would therefore continue 

attending school in the Wilson School District. With respect to the physical 

custody of A.B.S., Father requested equally shared physical custody, and 

that he continue to attend school in the Wilson School District. However, 

Mother requested primary physical custody of A.B.S., and that he be 

enrolled in either the Montessori Country Day School or in the Governor 

Mifflin School District, where her new home is located. In addition, the 

parties continued to dispute the selection of a pediatrician.

Father testified on his own behalf and presented the testimony of Peter 

H. Thomas, Ph.D., a court-appointed psychologist who performed two 

custody evaluations in this case, in October of 2009, and September and 

October of 2013; Lee Ann Grisolano, Ph.D., a school psychologist hired by 

Father to determine which school best suited the needs of A.B.S.; and 

Stepmother. Likewise, Mother testified on her own behalf and presented the 

testimony of Jeffrey Peter Bomze, M.D., a pediatrician hired by her to 

determine which school best suited the needs of A.B.S.; F.G., the Children’s 

maternal grandfather; and D.H., Mother’s paramour. In addition, the trial 

court interviewed the Children in camera in the presence of the parties’ 

counsel. 
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Significantly, with respect to A.B.S., Dr. Thomas testified that the child 

is “very anxious,” and that there are “dysfunctional elements” in his 

relationship with Mother that involve “enmeshment,” or a lack of adequate 

separation in his relationship with Mother. N.T., 7/28/14, at 54, 67-68. 

Further, it is undisputed that A.B.S. has a learning disability relating to 

reading and writing, and, beginning in second grade and continuing through 

the subject proceedings, the Wilson School District generated an 

individualized education plan (IEP) for him. Id. at 128-129. Dr. Grisolano, 

who met with A.B.S.’s homeroom teacher, learning support teacher, and 

school counselor, testified that A.B.S. “has progressed very well since he has 

been in [the] Wilson [School District], academically, socially, and 

behaviorally.” Id. at 139.

By order dated August 12, 2014, and entered on August 28, 2014, the 

trial court granted Father sole legal custody of the Children. In addition, the 

trial court granted Father primary physical custody of K.M.S. during the 

school year, and Mother partial physical custody on alternating weekends 

and one evening each week until 8:30 p.m. With respect to A.B.S., the trial 

court granted Mother and Father equally shared physical custody. From 

September 1, 2014 to January 1, 2015, the trial court directed that the 

parties follow a two-week rotating schedule regarding the custody of A.B.S., 

as follows.

Week 1: Father shall have custody Monday and 

Tuesday and Mother shall have custody Wednesday, 
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Thursday and Friday and Father shall have custody 

Friday evening until Sunday at 7:30 p.m. 

Week 2: Mother shall have custody Monday and 

Tuesday, Father shall have custody Wednesday, 

Thursday and Friday and Mother shall have custody 

Friday evening until Sunday at 7:30 p.m. 

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 26-27, ¶ 3(a)(i)-(ii). The trial court directed that the parties 

exchange custody of A.B.S. every Sunday at 7:30 p.m., starting on January 

1, 2015. The trial court directed that “this schedule shall coordinate in a 

way [that] the Children are always together on weekends.” Id. at 27, ¶ 

3(b). During the summer, the trial court directed that “the parties shall 

exchange custody of the Children together, every 7 days.” Id. at 27, ¶ 4. 

On September 5, 2014, Mother timely filed a notice of appeal and a 

concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(a)(2)(i). The trial court subsequently filed a statement in lieu of its 

Rule 1925(a) opinion on September 30, 2014, wherein the trial court 

adopted its Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final 

Custody Order dated August 12, 2014, and filed August 28, 2014.

On appeal, Mother presents the following questions for our review.

1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by

A. Failing to articulate a principled explanation 

for rejecting the expert testimony of Dr. Robert 

Gordon and

B. Relying upon Dr. Peter Thomas’ custody 

evaluation which was prepared with 
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incompatible methodologies and uncorrelated 

data?

2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by awarding 

sole legal custody of the Children to Father?

3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by ordering 

shared physical custody of the younger child?

4. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by 

assessing Mother’s current parenting skills on the 

basis of her prior behavior?

5. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by 

disregarding the wishes of the younger child to 

remain with Mother?

6. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by

A. Failing to articulate a principled explanation 

for preferring the education recommendation 

of Dr. Grisolano to the one of Dr. Bomze and

B. Finding that the education of the younger 

child would be disrupted by a change in 

schools?

Mother’s Brief at 6.5

The scope and standard of review in custody matters is as follows.

[T]he appellate court is not bound by the 

deductions or inferences made by the trial 

court from its findings of fact, nor must the 

reviewing court accept a finding that has no 

competent evidence to support it.... However, 

this broad scope of review does not vest in the 

reviewing court the duty or the privilege of 

making its own independent determination.... 

Thus, an appellate court is empowered to 

____________________________________________

5 We have reordered Mother’s questions for ease of disposition.
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determine whether the trial court’s 

incontrovertible factual findings support its 

factual conclusions, but it may not interfere 

with those conclusions unless they are 

unreasonable in view of the trial court’s factual 

findings; and thus, represent a gross abuse of 

discretion. 

R.M.G., Jr. v. F.M.G., 986 A.2d 1234, 1237 (Pa. 

Super. 2009) (quoting Bovard v. Baker, 775 A.2d 

835, 838 (Pa. Super. 2001)). Moreover,

[O]n issues of credibility and weight of 

the evidence, we defer to the findings of the 

trial [court] who has had the opportunity to 

observe the proceedings and demeanor of the 

witnesses.

The parties cannot dictate the amount of 

weight the trial court places on evidence. 

Rather, the paramount concern of the trial 

court is the best interest of the child. 

Appellate interference is unwarranted if the 

trial court’s consideration of the best interest 

of the child was careful and thorough, and we 

are unable to find any abuse of discretion.

R.M.G., Jr., supra at 1237 (internal citations 

omitted). The test is whether the evidence of record 

supports the trial court’s conclusions. Ketterer v. 

Seifert, 902 A.2d 533, 539 (Pa. Super. 2006).

A.V. v. S.T., 87 A.3d 818, 820 (Pa. Super. 2014) (parallel citations 

omitted).

The primary concern in any custody case is the best interests of the 

child. “The best-interests standard, decided on a case-by-case basis, 

considers all factors that legitimately have an effect upon the child’s 

physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual wellbeing.” Saintz v. Rinker, 902 
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A.2d 509, 512 (Pa. Super. 2006), citing Arnold v. Arnold, 847 A.2d 674, 

677 (Pa. Super. 2004).

Relevant to this custody case are the factors set forth in Section 

5328(a) of the Child Custody Act (the Act), which provides as follows.

§ 5328. Factors to consider when awarding 

custody.

(a) Factors. – In ordering any form of custody, the 

court shall determine the best interest of the child by 

considering all relevant factors, giving weighted 

consideration to those factors which affect the safety 

of the child, including the following:

(1) Which party is more likely to encourage 

and permit frequent and continuing contact 

between the child and another party.

(2) The present and past abuse committed by 

a party or member of the party’s household, 

whether there is a continued risk of harm to 

the child or an abused party and which party 

can better provide adequate physical 

safeguards and supervision of the child.

(2.1) The information set forth in section 

5329.1(a)(1) and (2) (relating to consideration 

of child abuse and involvement with protective 

services).

 

(3) The parental duties performed by each 

party on behalf of the child.

(4) The need for stability and continuity in the 

child’s education, family life and community 

life.

(5) The availability of extended family.

(6) The child’s sibling relationships.
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(7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, 

based on the child’s maturity and judgment.

(8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child 

against the other parent, except in cases of 

domestic violence where reasonable safety 

measures are necessary to protect the child 

from harm.

(9) Which party is more likely to maintain a 

loving, stable, consistent and nurturing 

relationship with the child adequate for the 

child's emotional needs.

(10) Which party is more likely to attend to the 

daily physical, emotional, developmental, 

educational and special needs of the child.

(11) The proximity of the residences of the 

parties.

(12) Each party’s availability to care for the 

child or ability to make appropriate child-care 

arrangements.

(13) The level of conflict between the parties 

and the willingness and ability of the parties to 

cooperate with one another. A party’s effort to 

protect a child from abuse by another party is 

not evidence of unwillingness or inability to 

cooperate with that party.

(14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a 

party or member of a party’s household.

(15) The mental and physical condition of a 

party or member of a party’s household.

(16) Any other relevant factor.
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23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a).6 

This Court has stated that, “[a]ll of the factors listed in section 

5328(a) are required to be considered by the trial court when entering a 

custody order.” J.R.M. v. J.E.A., 33 A.3d 647, 652 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(emphasis in original). 

Section 5323(d) provides that a trial court “shall 

delineate the reasons for its decision on the record in 

open court or in a written opinion or order.” 23 

Pa.C.S.A. § 5323(d). Additionally, “section 5323(d)

requires the trial court to set forth its mandatory 

assessment of the sixteen [Section 5328 custody] 

factors prior to the deadline by which a litigant must 

file a notice of appeal.” C.B. v. J.B., 65 A.3d 946, 

955 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, 70 A.3d 808 

(Pa. 2013)....

In expressing the reasons for its decision, “there is 

no required amount of detail for the trial court’s 

explanation; all that is required is that the 

enumerated factors are considered and that the 

custody decision is based on those considerations.” 

M.J.M. v. M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 336 (Pa. Super. 

2013), appeal denied, 68 A.3d 909 (Pa. 2013). A 

court’s explanation of reasons for its decision, which 

adequately addresses the relevant factors, complies 

with Section 5323(d). Id.

A.V., supra at 822-823. 

Instantly, the trial court authored a 25-page opinion that explained the 

reasons for its decision and thoroughly addressed the Section 5328(a) 

____________________________________________

6 The Act was amended, effective January 1, 2014, to include the additional 

factor at Section 5328(a)(2.1).
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custody factors. We set forth the trial court’s findings with respect to the 

custody factors most relevant to its decision, which, upon careful review, the 

record evidence supports.

With respect to Section 5328(a)(4), i.e., the need for stability and 

continuity in the child’s education, family life and community life, the trial 

court found, in part, the following.

The importance of stability and continuity in all 

aspect[s] of the Children’s lives is a major concern to 

the [trial c]ourt in this case, especially pertaining to 

[A.B.S.] in light of his special needs. Dr. Thomas 

found it disturbing that Mother chose to relocate to 

the Governor Mifflin School District despite [K.M.S.]’s 

strong opposition to changing schools and in light of 

[A.B.S.]’s educational challenges. Dr. Gris[o]lano 

clearly opined that changing [A.B.S.’s] school will not 

be in his best interest. Father, on the other hand, 

recognized the importance of allowing the Children 

to remain in their ... neighborhood where [they] have 

developed a circle of friends and where they can 

continue to attend the local public school within 

walking distance of their home. ... Both Dr. Thomas 

and Dr. Grisolano agree that having [t]he Children 

remain in Wilson School District in the neighborhood 

in which they have always known is in their best 

interest and [the trial court] agree[s]. Granting 

Father shared physical custody of [A.B.S.] on a 50-

50 basis will lawfully permit [A.B.S.] to continue to 

attend Green Valley Elementary School despite the 

fact that Mother now lives in another school 

district....

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 19. 

With respect to Section 5328(a)(9), i.e., which party is more likely to 

maintain a loving, stable, consistent and nurturing relationship with the child 
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adequate for the child’s emotional needs, the trial court found, in part, the 

following.

Mother’s relationship with the Children is an 

important consideration. Dr. Thomas described, in 

detail, the deterioration of Mother’s relationship with 

[K.M.S.] which prompted [K.M.S.] to live primarily 

with Father. On the other hand, Dr. Thomas finds 

Mother’s overly-close bond with [A.B.S.] to be 

problematic as well. He stated that Mother “lacks 

appropriate boundaries in her relationship with 

[A.B.S.].” Dr. Thomas discussed in great detail 

Mother’s approach to parenting which has resulted in 

[A.B.S.]’s unhealthy dependence on Mother which he 

describes as “dysfunctional enmeshment.” For 

example [A.B.S.] was breastfeeding until [ ] the age 

of five, he was in diapers until [ ] the age of five, and 

he continues to sleep in Mother’s bedroom 50% of 

the time. Dr. Thomas says that Mother’s 

dysfunctional, enmeshed relationship with [A.B.S.] 

can be counterbalanced by allowing [A.B.S.] to 

spend more time with Father. He stated that 

[A.B.S.] needs time away from Mother for his 

emotional development and personality structure....

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 21.

Finally, with respect to Section 5328(a)(10), i.e., which party is more 

likely to attend to the daily physical, emotional, developmental, educational 

and special needs of the child, the trial court found, in part, as follows.

As we expressed in our 2011 Findings of Fact, 

Discussion and Order addressing the immunization 

dispute, we firmly believe that Mother at times 

exercises poor judgment in regard to her unorthodox 

beliefs concerning medical care for the Children. We 

are disturbed that Mother told Dr. Thomas that she 

still does not understand the reason for our ruling on 

the immunization dispute and we are disturbed that 
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she engaged in disruptive behavior at the Children’s 

pediatricians’ office after our order was issued, 

attempting to thwart our ruling permitting Father to 

have the Children vaccinated. We, therefore, 

understand why Dr. Thomas testified that he has 

great concern for [M]other’s thought process in these 

types of situations. As a result of Mother’s 

unreasonable and dangerous refusal to permit the 

Children to be immunized in the face of 

overwhelming medical evidence documenting the 

safety and necessity of vaccinations, and in light of 

Mother’s obstructionist behavior and unreasonable 

refusal to allow the Children to be seen by 

mainstream pediatricians and in consideration of Dr. 

Thomas’ concerns, we find Father’s request for sole 

legal custody to be valid and necessary.

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 22. As the trial court’s opinion indicates, the record evidence 

fully supports these findings. As a result, we turn to the merits of Mother’s 

issues on appeal.

In her first issue, Mother argues the trial court abused its discretion in 

its determinations regarding the credibility and weight of the evidence 

applied to Dr. Thomas’ conclusions and recommendations as a result of his 

custody evaluation. Mother’s Brief at 12, 18. Specifically, Mother argues 

the trial court abused its discretion in failing to accept the critique of the 

custody evaluation offered by her expert, Dr. Gordon. Id. at 14.

In sum, Mother accurately states in her brief that Dr. Gordon testified, 

in part, that Dr. Thomas erred in “using one psychologist test (MMPI-2-RF) 

for the parents but using a different one (MMPI-2) for Father’s current wife 

and Mother’s significant other. These tests employ different norms and 
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different clinical scales which preclude consistent comparisons of the 

subjects’ scores.” Id. at 13. Nevertheless, Dr. Thomas thoroughly 

responded to Dr. Gordon’s critique by testifying, in part, that a “professional 

debate” exists among psychologists regarding which test, the MMPI-2-RF or 

MMPI-2, is appropriate. In addition, Dr. Thomas testified regarding why he 

used the MMPI-2-RF in this case. N.T., 7/28/14, at 83-92.

The trial court weighed Dr. Thomas’ conclusions and recommendations 

in light of Dr. Gordon’s critique and found as follows.

Dr. Peter Thomas conducted a full custody evaluation 

in this case. We also heard and considered Dr. 

Gordon’s critique thereof. While we agree with Dr. 

Thomas’ overall recommendations and conclusions in 

this matter, we do find Dr. Gordon’s opinion to have 

merit. We have great respect for both Dr. Thomas 

and Dr. Gordon. Nevertheless, Dr. Gordon’s criticism 

does not undermine our overall confidence in Dr. 

Thomas’ opinions and recommendations.

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 17. We discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court to the 

extent its decision is based on Dr. Thomas’ recommendations. Indeed, the 

record reveals that the trial court carefully considered the testimony of Dr. 

Thomas in light of the critique of Dr. Gordon, and made credibility and 

weight of the evidence findings accordingly, which we will not disturb. See 

A.V., supra (stating that we defer to the trial court on issues of credibility 

and weight of the evidence). Therefore, Mother’s first issue fails.
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In her second issue, Mother argues that the trial court abused its 

discretion in assessing her “current parenting skills on the basis of her prior 

behavior.” Mother’s Brief at 20. Specifically, Mother argues the trial court 

based its decision to grant the parties equally shared physical custody of 

A.B.S. on Mother’s past objection to the Children receiving vaccinations, 

Mother’s objection in the year 2011 to the Children being treated by Reading 

Pediatrics, and Mother fostering in A.B.S. an unreasonable emotional 

dependency on her. Id. at 20-21. 

As set forth above in the trial court’s consideration of the Section 

5328(a) custody factors, the trial court’s physical custody decision regarding 

A.B.S. was based on its conclusion that the child’s best interests are served 

by his continuing enrollment in the Wilson School District and on time away 

from Mother. The record overwhelmingly supports the trial court’s decision 

in this regard, most notably Dr. Thomas’ conclusions and recommendations, 

and the testimony of Dr. Grisolano. Therefore, we discern no abuse of 

discretion by the trial court. Thus, Mother’s second issue fails.

In her third issue, Mother argues the trial court abused its discretion in 

disregarding the wishes of A.B.S. to remain with Mother. Mother’s Brief at 

23. The trial court stated as follows with respect to its consideration of 

Section 5328(a)(7), i.e., the well-reasoned preference of the child, based on 

the child’s maturity and judgment.

[A.B.S.] repeatedly told the Court that he does not 

feel comfortable at Father’s residence, but he could 
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articulate no reason for this discomfort other than he 

prefers to be with Mother. Dr. Thomas finds 

[A.B.S.]’s dependence on being in [the] presence of 

Mother unhealthy. Dr. Thomas stated in his report: 

“Some significant relationship between [A.B.S.] and 

Father will positively titrate some of the intensity of 

the relationship between [A.B.S.] and Mother.” 

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 20. As such, the trial court considered A.B.S.’s preference but 

did not find it well-reasoned or in the best interests of the child. We discern 

no abuse of discretion in this regard. Further, we defer to the trial court’s 

determination regarding the weight placed on A.B.S.’s custody preference. 

See A.V., supra.

In Mother’s fourth issue, she argues that the trial court abused its 

discretion in requiring A.B.S. to continue attending school in the Wilson 

School District. Mother’s Brief at 28. We reject Mother’s argument to the 

extent it is based on challenging the trial court’s findings regarding the 

credibility and weight of the evidence of the report and testimony of Dr. 

Grisolano and the testimony of Dr. Bomze. See A.V., supra. 

The trial court explained as follows.

Father consulted Lee Ann Grisolano, Ph.D., a 

certified school psychologist concerning the issue of 

whether or not the Wilson School District or the 

Montessori Country Day School is the more 

appropriate educational setting for [A.B.S.]. [A.B.S.] 

has a specific learning disability that affects his 

performance in reading and writing. Dr. Grisolano 

testified at trial and her report was admitted in 

evidence. Dr. Grisolano reviewed [A.B.S.]’s 

Individualized Education Program (“I.E.P.”) and the 
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curriculums at Montessori Country Day School, the 

Wilson School District and the Governor Mifflin 

School District. Dr. Grisolano observed that [A.B.S.] 

is “making not only academic progress in his current 

educational setting but also progress toward his 

social development and increased self-confidence as 

a student. ... It is this consultant’s impression that 

efforts shall be made to minimize [A.B.S.]’s stress ... 

and therefore [I] recommend that he remain at 

Green Valley Elementary School” (which is the 

elementary school within the Wilson School District).

On the other hand, Mother presented the testimony 

of Dr. Jeffrey P. Bomze, who is a pediatrician with 

experience treating children with learning disabilities. 

Dr. Bomze opined that Governor Mifflin [School 

District] employs an excellent remedial program 

which is well-suited to [A.B.S.]’s special needs. He 

also said the Montessori Country Day School has a 

reading specialist on staff that could provide 

excellent services to [A.B.S.]. He further stated that 

Montessori’s small class size with individualized 

attention to each student would benefit [A.B.S.].

We have carefully considered the testimony and 

opinions of both experts and, on balance, find Dr. 

Grisolano’s testimony and opinion more persuasive 

in light of the compelling reasons set forth in her 11-

page report as well as her educational credentials 

and impressive experience outlined in her CV....

Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, Discussion and Final Custody Order, 

8/28/14, at 16-17 (citation to record omitted). Upon careful review, we 

discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court in its decision regarding 

A.B.S.’s continuing attendance in the Wilson School District. 

Finally, we address Mother’s fifth and sixth issues wherein she argues 

that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding Father sole legal 

custody of the Children and shared physical custody of A.B.S. based on the 
J-A03004-15

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testimony and reports of Dr. Thomas. Mother’s Brief at 35-41. As discussed 

at length herein, the trial court found credible and persuasive Dr. Thomas’ 

recommendations regarding the legal custody of the Children and the 

physical custody of A.B.S. See Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, 

Discussion and Final Custody Order, 8/28/14, at 13, 22. Because we have 

already concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by relying 

on Dr. Thomas’ conclusions and recommendations, we reject Mother’s final 

issues. 

Based on the foregoing, we conclude Mother’s issues are devoid of 

merit. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s August 29, 2014 custody 

order.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 4/21/2015