Marketing and 

Regulatory

Programs

Agriculture

Marketing

Service

Specialty 

Crops

Program

Specialty 

Crops

Inspection

Division

Index of Official Visual 

Aids

January 2017
Non-Discrimination Policy: In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations 

and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited 

from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, 

disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation 

for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and 

complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. 

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American 

Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA 

through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. 

To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at 

http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of 

the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to 

USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, 

Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, 

employer, and lender.
i

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: PHOTOS, COLOR GUIDES, AND 

COLOR COMPARATORS...............................................................................................................................1

Almonds.......................................................................................................................................................2

ALM-1-IDENT (February 1991) ..............................................................................................................................2

Apples...........................................................................................................................................................2

APL-C-4 (1964)/APL-C-6 (January 1966)................................................................................................................2

APL-C-8 (March 1962).............................................................................................................................................2

APL-CP-2 (May 1975)..............................................................................................................................................2

APL-CP-3 (February 1990).......................................................................................................................................3

APL-CP-4 (March 1990)...........................................................................................................................................3

APL-CP-5 (July 2015)...............................................................................................................................................3

APL-CP-6 (July 2015)...............................................................................................................................................3

APL-1-IDENT (February 1990)................................................................................................................................3

APL-2-IDENT (February 1990)................................................................................................................................4

APL-3-IDENT (February 1990)................................................................................................................................4

APL-4-IDENT (February 1990)................................................................................................................................4

Color Guide: Golden Delicious Ground Color (1962) ..............................................................................................4

Color Guide: Official Visual Aids for Apples (August 2002)..................................................................................4

Asparagus....................................................................................................................................................5

No. 6 (November 1994).............................................................................................................................................5

No. 7 (November 1994).............................................................................................................................................5

No. 10 (November 1994)...........................................................................................................................................5

No. 11 (November 1994)...........................................................................................................................................5

No. 12 (February 1991).............................................................................................................................................6

No. 13 (February 1991).............................................................................................................................................6

Avocados......................................................................................................................................................6

Booth 1 (July 1976)...................................................................................................................................................6

Booth 7 (July 1976)...................................................................................................................................................6

Booth 8 (July 1976)...................................................................................................................................................6

Catalina (July 1976) ..................................................................................................................................................7

Choquette (July 1976) ...............................................................................................................................................7

Dr. Dupuis # 2 (July 1976)........................................................................................................................................7

Hall (July 1976).........................................................................................................................................................7

Hickson (July 1976) ..................................................................................................................................................7

Lula (July 1976) ........................................................................................................................................................7

Monroe (July 1976)...................................................................................................................................................8

Nadir (July 1976) ......................................................................................................................................................8

Pollock (July 1976) ...................................................................................................................................................8

Simmonds (July 1976)...............................................................................................................................................8

Trapp (July 1976)......................................................................................................................................................8
ii

Waldin (July 1976)....................................................................................................................................................8

Bananas........................................................................................................................................................9

BAN-C-1 Ripening Guide (September 2001) ...........................................................................................................9

Beans, Lima .................................................................................................................................................9

Photo No. 1 (July 1990) ............................................................................................................................................9

Photo No. 2 (July 1990) ............................................................................................................................................9

PL-1 (1953)...............................................................................................................................................................9

PL-2 (1957).............................................................................................................................................................10

Beans, Snap................................................................................................................................................10

Photo No. 1 (July 1990) ..........................................................................................................................................10

Photo No. 2 (July 1990) ..........................................................................................................................................10

Photo No. 3 (July 1990) ..........................................................................................................................................10

Color Comparator (laminated photo) ......................................................................................................................10

Blueberries.................................................................................................................................................11

BLB-CP-1 (December 2001)...................................................................................................................................11

Brazil Nuts.................................................................................................................................................11

BRZ-CP-1 (August 2015) .......................................................................................................................................11

BRZ-CP-2 (August 2015) .......................................................................................................................................11

Broccoli, Italian Sprouting.......................................................................................................................11

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................11

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................11

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................12

Photo No. 4 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................12

Photo No. 5 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................12

Photo No. 6 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................12

BRO-1-IDENT (April 1997)...................................................................................................................................12

Cabbage .....................................................................................................................................................13

CAB-CP-1 (March 1990)........................................................................................................................................13

CAB-CP-1-A (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................13

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................13

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................13

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................13

Photo No. 4 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................14

Cantaloups (also see Muskmelons)..........................................................................................................14

CANT-CP-1 (March 1990) .....................................................................................................................................14

CANT-CP-1-A (March 1990) .................................................................................................................................14

CANT-CP-2 (March 1990) .....................................................................................................................................14

CANT-CP-2-A (March 1990) .................................................................................................................................14

CANT-CP-3 (March 1990) .....................................................................................................................................15

CANT-1-IDENT (March 1990) ..............................................................................................................................15

CANT-2-IDENT (March 1990) ..............................................................................................................................15
iii

Carrots, Bunched......................................................................................................................................15

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................15

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................15

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)......................................................................................................................................16

Carrots, Topped........................................................................................................................................16

C-1 (August 1990)...................................................................................................................................................16

C-1-A (August 1990) ..............................................................................................................................................16

CAR-CP-2 (March 1991)........................................................................................................................................16

PL-1 (1950).............................................................................................................................................................16

PL-2 (1959).............................................................................................................................................................17

Cauliflower ................................................................................................................................................17

Photo No. 3 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................17

Photo No. 4 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................17

Photo No. 5 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................17

CAU-IDENT-6 (July 2008).....................................................................................................................................17

Celery .........................................................................................................................................................18

CEL-1-IDENT (July 1992) .....................................................................................................................................18

CEL-2-IDENT (July 1992) .....................................................................................................................................18

Cherries, Red Sour....................................................................................................................................18

PL-1-RSP Red Sour Cherries for Manufacture (March 2013) ................................................................................18

Cherries, Sweet..........................................................................................................................................18

CHR-CP-2 (April 1990)..........................................................................................................................................18

CHR-CP-3 (April 1990)..........................................................................................................................................18

CHR-CP-3-A (April 1990)......................................................................................................................................19

CHR-1-IDENT (March 1990).................................................................................................................................19

PL-1 (July 2012)......................................................................................................................................................19

Citrus (also see Grapefruit, Lemons, Limes, and Oranges)..................................................................19

CIT-(CA&AZ,FLA&TX)-CP-1 (September 1989).................................................................................................19

CIT-(CA&AZ,FLA&TX)-CP-1-A (September 1989) ............................................................................................19

CIT-(FL)-L-1 (February 1973)................................................................................................................................19

Corn, Sweet................................................................................................................................................20

COR-1-IDENT (September 2002) ..........................................................................................................................20

Cranberries................................................................................................................................................20

CRB-CC-1 (January 1999)......................................................................................................................................20

Cucumbers.................................................................................................................................................20

CUC-CP-1 (March 1990)........................................................................................................................................20

CUC-1-IDENT (July 1990).....................................................................................................................................20

CC-1 (August 2011)................................................................................................................................................20

Eggplant.....................................................................................................................................................21

C-1 (March 1991)....................................................................................................................................................21

C-2 (July 1990)........................................................................................................................................................21
iv

Filberts / Hazelnuts...................................................................................................................................21

FIL-CP-1 (April 1991) ............................................................................................................................................21

FIL-CP-2 Photo 1 (April 1991)...............................................................................................................................21

FIL-CP-2 Photo 2 (April 1991)...............................................................................................................................21

FIL-CP-2A (April 1991) .........................................................................................................................................22

FIL-CP-3 (March 1993) ..........................................................................................................................................22

FIL-CP-4 (March 1993) ..........................................................................................................................................22

FIL-1-IDENT (October 1983).................................................................................................................................22

FIL-2-IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980)..................................................................................22

FIL-3-IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980)..................................................................................23

FIL-4 IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980) ..................................................................................23

Ginseng ......................................................................................................................................................23

IDENT-1 (May 2012)..............................................................................................................................................23

CC-1 (January 2007) ...............................................................................................................................................23

Grapefruit..................................................................................................................................................23

PL-1 (1949).............................................................................................................................................................23

PL-2 (1956).............................................................................................................................................................23

Grapes........................................................................................................................................................24

C-1 (April 1990)......................................................................................................................................................24

C-2 (April 1990)......................................................................................................................................................24

C-3 (April 1990)......................................................................................................................................................24

GRP-IDENT-1 (May 2006).....................................................................................................................................24

Photo No. 1 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................24

Photo No. 2 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................25

GRP-PL-2 (1973)....................................................................................................................................................25

Kiwifruit ....................................................................................................................................................25

KWI-CP-2 (June 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................25

KWI-CP-3 (June 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................25

KWI-CP-3-A (June 1990) .......................................................................................................................................25

KWI-CP-4 (June 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................26

KWI-CP-4-A (June 1990) .......................................................................................................................................26

KWI-CP-5 (June 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................26

KWI-CP-6 (January 2017) ......................................................................................................................................26

KWI-CP-7 (January 2017) ......................................................................................................................................26

KWI-1-IDENT (June 1990) ....................................................................................................................................27

KWI-IDENT-2 (January 2017) ...............................................................................................................................27

Lemons.......................................................................................................................................................27

PL-1.........................................................................................................................................................................27

Scar Color Guide (1964) .........................................................................................................................................27

LEM-CP-1 (June 1979)...........................................................................................................................................27

Lettuce / Romaine .....................................................................................................................................28
v

LT-CP-1 (May 1990) ..............................................................................................................................................28

LT-CP-1-A (May 1990) ..........................................................................................................................................28

LT-CP-2 (March 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................28

LT-CP-3 (May 1990, previously October 1970).....................................................................................................28

LT-CP-3-A (May 1990, previously October 1970).................................................................................................28

LET-IDENT-1 (April 2003)....................................................................................................................................29

LET-IDENT-2 (April 2003)....................................................................................................................................29

ROM-IDENT-1 (September 2001)..........................................................................................................................29

Light Green .............................................................................................................................................................29

LT-CC-1 (August 2013)..........................................................................................................................................29

LT-PL-1 (1970).......................................................................................................................................................30

Limes..........................................................................................................................................................30

LIM-CP-1 (April 1990)...........................................................................................................................................30

LIM-CP-2 (April 1990)...........................................................................................................................................30

LIM-1-IDENT (December 1998)............................................................................................................................30

LIM-CC-1 (July 2000) ............................................................................................................................................30

Mangos.......................................................................................................................................................31

MAN-IDENT-1 (May 2006)...................................................................................................................................31

MAN-IDENT-2 (May 2006)...................................................................................................................................31

MAN-IDENT-3 (May 2006)...................................................................................................................................31

Mushrooms................................................................................................................................................31

MSH-CP-1 (February 1991)....................................................................................................................................31

MSH-P-2 (February 1991) ......................................................................................................................................31

MSH-CP-3 (February 1991)....................................................................................................................................32

MSH-CP-4 (February 1991)....................................................................................................................................32

MSH-CP-5 (February 1991)....................................................................................................................................32

Muskmelons...............................................................................................................................................32

MSK-CP-1 (June 1998)...........................................................................................................................................32

Nectarines..................................................................................................................................................32

C-1 (May 1990).......................................................................................................................................................32

NEC-CP-2 (May 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................33

NEC-CP-3 (May 1990) ...........................................................................................................................................33

Okra ...........................................................................................................................................................33

OK-CP-1 (September 1990)....................................................................................................................................33

OK-IDENT-1 (September 1990).............................................................................................................................33

Onions........................................................................................................................................................33

C-1 (April 2005, previously March 1990)...............................................................................................................33

C-2 (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................................34

C-10 (March 1990)..................................................................................................................................................34

C-11 (March 1990)..................................................................................................................................................34

ONS-CP-3 (April 1990) ..........................................................................................................................................34
vi

ONS-CP-3-A (April 1990)......................................................................................................................................34

ONS-CP-10A (July 1990) .......................................................................................................................................35

ONS-CP-12 (January 2017) ....................................................................................................................................35

ONS-CP-13 (January 2017) ....................................................................................................................................35

ONS-CP-14 (January 2017) ....................................................................................................................................35

ONS-IDENT-1 (May 1992) ....................................................................................................................................35

ONS-IDENT-2 (May 1992) ....................................................................................................................................36

Photo No. 1 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................36

Photo No. 2 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................36

Photo No. 3 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................36

Photo No. 4 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................36

Photo No. 5 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................37

Photo No. 7 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................37

Photo No. 8 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................37

Photo No. 9 (April 1990).........................................................................................................................................37

Photo No. 10 (April 1990).......................................................................................................................................37

Photo No. 13 (April 1990).......................................................................................................................................38

Photo No. 14 (April 1990).......................................................................................................................................38

Photo No. 15 (April 1990).......................................................................................................................................38

ONS-CC-1 (September 2001) .................................................................................................................................38

ONS-CC-2 (September 2001) .................................................................................................................................38

Onions, Common Green...........................................................................................................................39

GON-1-IDENT (September 2002)..........................................................................................................................39

Oranges, Tangelos, and Mandarins.........................................................................................................39

C-1 (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................................39

ORG-CP-1 (February 1990)....................................................................................................................................39

ORG-CP-2-A (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................39

ORG-CP-2-B (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................39

Mandarins 1-IDENT (March 1990).........................................................................................................................40

Minneola Tangelo 1-IDENT (March 1990) ............................................................................................................40

CIT-(FLA&TX) 1-IDENT-A (March 1990)...........................................................................................................40

CIT-(FLA&TX) 1-IDENT-B (March 1990) ...........................................................................................................40

CIT-(FLA&TX) 2-IDENT-A (March 1990)...........................................................................................................40

CIT-(FLA&TX) 2-IDENT-B (March 1990) ...........................................................................................................41

CIT-(FLA&TX) 3-IDENT-A (March 1990)...........................................................................................................41

CIT-(FLA&TX) 3-IDENT-B (March 1990) ...........................................................................................................41

CC-1 (1951) ............................................................................................................................................................41

PL-1 (1949).............................................................................................................................................................41

Parsnips......................................................................................................................................................42

Photo No. 1 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................42

Photo No. 2 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................42
vii

Photo No. 3 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................42

Photo No. 4 (September 1990)................................................................................................................................42

Peaches.......................................................................................................................................................42

PCH-CP-1 (March 1990).........................................................................................................................................42

PCH-CP-2 (March 1990).........................................................................................................................................43

PCH-CP-2-A (April 1990) ......................................................................................................................................43

PCH-CP-2-B (March 1990).....................................................................................................................................43

PCH-CP-2-C (April 1990).......................................................................................................................................43

PCH-CP-2-D (April 1990) ......................................................................................................................................43

PCH-CP-4 (July 1989) ............................................................................................................................................44

PCH-CP-5 (April 2000)...........................................................................................................................................44

PCH-1-IDENT (March 1990) .................................................................................................................................44

PCH-2-IDENT (March 1990) .................................................................................................................................44

PCH-3-IDENT (October 1993)...............................................................................................................................44

CC-1 (July 1966).....................................................................................................................................................45

Peanuts.......................................................................................................................................................45

PN-2 (revised 1983) ................................................................................................................................................45

PN-CP-1 and PN-CP-2 (August 1986)....................................................................................................................45

PN-CP-5 (January 1996) .........................................................................................................................................45

PEN-CP-3 (revised September 1982)......................................................................................................................45

PEN-CP-3-A (June 1989)........................................................................................................................................46

PEN-CP-3-B (June 1989)........................................................................................................................................46

PEN-CP-4 (December 1973)...................................................................................................................................46

PEN-CP-6 (revised September 1989)......................................................................................................................46

PEN-CP-8 (June 1996)............................................................................................................................................46

PN Photo No.7 (June 1968).....................................................................................................................................47

PN-1 (revised 2010) ................................................................................................................................................47

PN-CC-1 (April 2014).............................................................................................................................................47

PNT-CP-7 (September 1992)..................................................................................................................................47

PNT-CP-9 (July 2000).............................................................................................................................................47

PNT-CP-10 (February 2003)...................................................................................................................................48

PNT-CP-11 (February 2014)...................................................................................................................................48

Pears...........................................................................................................................................................48

C-1 (May 1990).......................................................................................................................................................48

PR-CP-2 (May 1990) ..............................................................................................................................................48

PR-1 (revised 1999) ................................................................................................................................................48

PR-2 (revised 2012) ................................................................................................................................................49

Peas.............................................................................................................................................................49

Photo No. 1 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................49

Photo No. 2 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................49

Pecans.........................................................................................................................................................49
viii

PEC-PL-1 (March 2016) .........................................................................................................................................49

Peppers, Sweet...........................................................................................................................................49

First photo in back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Peppers, effective November 17, 2005 .......................49

Second Photo in Back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Peppers, effective November 7, 2005....................50

Third photo in back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Peppers, effective November 7, 2005 .......................50

Photo No. 1 (February 1991)...................................................................................................................................50

Photo No. 1A (February 1991)................................................................................................................................50

Photo No. 2 (February 1991)...................................................................................................................................50

Photo No. 2A (February 1991)................................................................................................................................51

Photo No. 3 (February 1991)...................................................................................................................................51

Photo No. 3A (February 1991)................................................................................................................................51

Pistachio.....................................................................................................................................................51

P-1 through P-8 (June 1972) ...................................................................................................................................51

PIS-CC-1 (November 2011)....................................................................................................................................51

Plums..........................................................................................................................................................52

PL-CP-1 (May 1990)...............................................................................................................................................52

PLU-CP-2 (July 1997).............................................................................................................................................52

PLU-CP-3 (March 2000).........................................................................................................................................52

PL-1-IDENT (May 1990)........................................................................................................................................52

PL-2-IDENT (May 1990)........................................................................................................................................52

PL-3-IDENT (May 1990)........................................................................................................................................53

PL-4-IDENT (May 1990)........................................................................................................................................53

Potatoes......................................................................................................................................................53

POT.-L-1, 3 ring binder (May 1998).......................................................................................................................53

POT-L-2 (December 1980) .....................................................................................................................................53

POT-CC-1 (January 1998) ......................................................................................................................................53

POT-CC-2 (April 2008) ..........................................................................................................................................53

PP-1 (July 1963)......................................................................................................................................................54

PP-2 (July 1963)......................................................................................................................................................54

PP-3 (July 1963)......................................................................................................................................................54

Prunes ........................................................................................................................................................54

PRN-CP-1 (May 1990)............................................................................................................................................54

PRN-CC-1 (August 1987).......................................................................................................................................54

Pumpkins...................................................................................................................................................54

PUM-IDENT-1 (May 2006)....................................................................................................................................54

Radishes.....................................................................................................................................................55

RAD-CP-1 (September 1990) .................................................................................................................................55

Rhubarb, Field Grown .............................................................................................................................55

Photo No. 1 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................55

Spinach.......................................................................................................................................................55

Photo No. 1 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................55
ix

Photo No. 2 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................55

Photo No. 3 (October 1990) ....................................................................................................................................55

Squash........................................................................................................................................................56

SQ-1-IDENT (October 1990)..................................................................................................................................56

SQ-2-IDENT (October 1990)..................................................................................................................................56

SQU-3-IDENT (October 1998)...............................................................................................................................56

SQU-4-IDENT (July 2008).....................................................................................................................................56

Strawberries..............................................................................................................................................56

STR-CP-1 (March 1987).........................................................................................................................................56

Sweetpotatoes............................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 5 (December 1990).................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 6 (December 1990).................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 7 (December 1990).................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 8 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 9 (December 1990).................................................................................................................................57

Photo No. 10 (December 1990)...............................................................................................................................58

Photo No. 11 (December 1990)...............................................................................................................................58

Photo No. 12 (December 1990)...............................................................................................................................58

SP-1 (1957) .............................................................................................................................................................58

SP-1 (1959) .............................................................................................................................................................58

Tomatoes....................................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-1 (June 1990) .............................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-1-A (June 1990) .........................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-2 (June 1990) .............................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-2-A (June 1990) .........................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-3 (May 1992) .............................................................................................................................................59

TM-CP-4 (May 1992) .............................................................................................................................................60

TM-1-IDENT (November 1990).............................................................................................................................60

TM-2-IDENT (November 1990).............................................................................................................................60

TM-2-IDENT-A (November 1990).........................................................................................................................60

TM-3-IDENT (November 1990).............................................................................................................................60

TM-4-IDENT (November 1982).............................................................................................................................61

TM-5-IDENT (May 1992) ......................................................................................................................................61

TM-6-IDENT (May 1992) ......................................................................................................................................61

TM-7-IDENT (July 2008).......................................................................................................................................61

TM-L-1 (February 1975).........................................................................................................................................61

PL-1 (1950).............................................................................................................................................................62

PL-2 (1950).............................................................................................................................................................62

Tomatoes, Italian Type.............................................................................................................................62

PL-1 (1957).............................................................................................................................................................62

Turnips/Rutabagas ...................................................................................................................................62
x

Photo No. 1 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................62

Photo No. 2 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................62

Photo No. 3 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................63

Photo No. 4 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................63

Photo No. 5 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................63

Photo No. 6 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................63

Photo No. 7 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................63

Photo No. 8 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................64

Photo No. 9 (January 1991).....................................................................................................................................64

Photo No. 10 (January 1991)...................................................................................................................................64

Walnuts......................................................................................................................................................64

Walnut Color Chart (1967)......................................................................................................................................64

Watermelons..............................................................................................................................................64

C-1 (March 1990)....................................................................................................................................................64

WAT-IDENT-1 (May 2000) ...................................................................................................................................65

WAT-IDENT-2 (May 2000) ...................................................................................................................................65

WAT-IDENT-3 (June 2000) ...................................................................................................................................65

WAT-IDENT-4 (April 2003)..................................................................................................................................65

WAT –CC-1 (March 2000).....................................................................................................................................65

WAT-CC-2 (August 2014)......................................................................................................................................65

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: MODELS........................................66

Apples, Color.............................................................................................................................................67

Models DA-1, MC-2, MC-3, SC-2, SC-3, WA-1, WA-2, WC-1 to WC-3, APL-M-1 to APL-M-3.......................67

Apples, Shape ............................................................................................................................................67

Models WB-1 to 5, MS-2, MS-3, S-1, DB-1, DB-2, and DS-3 to 6........................................................................67

Apples, Defects..........................................................................................................................................67

Models K-1 and K-2................................................................................................................................................67

Cherries, Sweet..........................................................................................................................................67

CHR-M-1 (1971).....................................................................................................................................................67

Cranberries (model comes with glass bottle and rubber stopper)........................................................68

M-1..........................................................................................................................................................................68

M-2..........................................................................................................................................................................68

Garlic..........................................................................................................................................................68

Models No. 1, 2, 3, and 4 ........................................................................................................................................68

Grapefruit, Color ......................................................................................................................................68

Model C-1 (1955)....................................................................................................................................................68

Grapefruit, Discoloration.........................................................................................................................68

Models D-1, D-2, M-3, and M-4 .............................................................................................................................68

Grapefruit, Scale (ID only).......................................................................................................................68

Models No. 1 to No. 12 ...........................................................................................................................................68

Grapefruit, Scarring (Florida).................................................................................................................69
xi

Models SC-1, SC-1A, SC-1B, and SC-1C ..............................................................................................................69

Grapefruit, Shape .....................................................................................................................................69

Models S-1 to S-8....................................................................................................................................................69

Grapefruit, Texture (CA and AZ)...........................................................................................................69

Models T-1 and T-2.................................................................................................................................................69

Kiwifruit, Shape (October 1986)..............................................................................................................69

Models L.L.W.F. and .L.L.F.W.F. ..........................................................................................................................69

Lemons, Shape...........................................................................................................................................69

Models No. 1 to No. 6, No. 13, No. 14, No. 15, No. 17, and No. 18. .....................................................................69

Lemons, Scars............................................................................................................................................69

Model No. 12...........................................................................................................................................................69

Lemons, Lumpiness..................................................................................................................................70

Model No. 16...........................................................................................................................................................70

Lemons, Texture & Smoothness..............................................................................................................70

Dated April 1959: Models No. 19, No. 20, and No. 22 to No. 26 ..........................................................................70

Nectarines..................................................................................................................................................70

Dated 1968: Models No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 .........................................................................................................70

Onions, Shape (Northern Grown) ...........................................................................................................70

Models No. 1 to No. 15 ...........................................................................................................................................70

Onions, Shape (Spanish)...........................................................................................................................70

Models No. 16 to No. 21 .........................................................................................................................................70

Onions, Shape (Australian Brown)..........................................................................................................71

Models No. 22 to No. 25 .........................................................................................................................................71

Onions, Bermuda Granex-Grano ............................................................................................................71

Models B-1 to B-9...................................................................................................................................................71

Oranges, Discoloration .............................................................................................................................71

Models D-1, D-2, No. 8, No. 29, and No. 36 ..........................................................................................................71

Oranges, Grooving (CA and AZ).............................................................................................................71

Models G-1, G-2, and G-3.......................................................................................................................................71

Oranges, Protruding Navel (CA and AZ)...............................................................................................71

Models N-1 to N-4 ..................................................................................................................................................71

Oranges, Scab (FL and TX).....................................................................................................................71

SC-1, SC-2, and SC-3 .............................................................................................................................................71

Oranges, Shape (CA and AZ) ..................................................................................................................72

Dated 1959: Models S-1 and S-2............................................................................................................................72

Oranges, Texture.......................................................................................................................................72

Models T-1 to T-5, TT-1, and TS-1 ........................................................................................................................72

Peaches, Color ...........................................................................................................................................72

Model 1-C (1960)....................................................................................................................................................72

Peaches, Defects.........................................................................................................................................72

Models 1-D and 2-D................................................................................................................................................72

Peaches, Shape...........................................................................................................................................72
xii

Model 1-S (1959) ....................................................................................................................................................72

Pears, Shape (Anjou) ................................................................................................................................72

Models A-1 to A-4 and A-8 to A-16 .......................................................................................................................72

Pears, Shape (Bartlett)..............................................................................................................................73

Models No. 3, No. 5 to No. 7, No. 27, No. 30, No. 46, No. 55, P-4, and PR-M-56................................................73

Pears, Shape (Bosc)...................................................................................................................................73

Models B-1 to B-11.................................................................................................................................................73

Pears, Shape (Winter Nellis)....................................................................................................................73

Models N-1 to N-6 ..................................................................................................................................................73

Pecans.........................................................................................................................................................73

PEC-MC-1 (1968)...................................................................................................................................................73

Percentage Model......................................................................................................................................73

Potatoes, Defects........................................................................................................................................74

Models No. 1, No. 2, No. 6, No. 8, and No. 10 to No. 13 .......................................................................................74

Potatoes, Shape..........................................................................................................................................74

Models S-1, S-5, S-6, S-15, and S-15......................................................................................................................74

Prunes ........................................................................................................................................................74

Models No. 6 and No. 7 ..........................................................................................................................................74

Sweetpotatoes............................................................................................................................................74

Models No. 1 to No. 5 .............................................................................................................................................74

Tangerines .................................................................................................................................................74

Models 3-7 and 9.....................................................................................................................................................74

Tomatoes, Color classifications................................................................................................................74

Green, Breakers, Turning, Pink, Light Red, and Red..............................................................................................74

Tomatoes, Shape and Smoothness...........................................................................................................75

Models 9, 11, 11A, 13A, 14, 15, 15B, 17, 17A, 18, 21, 21B, 22A, 27, and 29 .......................................................75

Tomatoes, Growth Cracks .......................................................................................................................75

No. 33......................................................................................................................................................................75

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: 2 X 2 SLIDES..................................76

Apples, Russeting ......................................................................................................................................77

Slides 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, and 119..................................................................................................................77

Apples, Stem Cavity Browning................................................................................................................77

Slides 120, 121, and 122 .........................................................................................................................................77

Apples, Hail Marks...................................................................................................................................77

Slides 123 and 125 to129 ........................................................................................................................................77

Apples, Invisible Watercore.....................................................................................................................77

Slides 297 to 302.....................................................................................................................................................77

Apples, Color.............................................................................................................................................77

Slides 303 to 306 and 420 .......................................................................................................................................77

Apples, Shape ............................................................................................................................................78

Slides 307 and 308 ..................................................................................................................................................78

Apples, Various Defects............................................................................................................................78
xiii

Slides 116, 409 to 418, 421, 422, 426, and 427.......................................................................................................78

Apples for Processing ...............................................................................................................................78

Slides 1 through 14 - Training Series......................................................................................................................78

Cabbage for Processing ............................................................................................................................78

Slide 108..................................................................................................................................................................78

Cantaloups, Netting ..................................................................................................................................78

Slides 247 to 251.....................................................................................................................................................78

Cantaloups, Various Defects....................................................................................................................78

Slides 252 to 256.....................................................................................................................................................78

Cucumbers, Shape ....................................................................................................................................79

Slides 215 to 222.....................................................................................................................................................79

Grapefruit, Defects ...................................................................................................................................79

Slides 93, 94, 179, 180, and 183 to 190 ..................................................................................................................79

Limes, White Fly .......................................................................................................................................79

Slides 103 and 104 ..................................................................................................................................................79

Nectarines, Defects....................................................................................................................................79

Slides 191 and 193 to 199 .......................................................................................................................................79

Onions........................................................................................................................................................80

Slides 133 and 1 through 39 ....................................................................................................................................80

Oranges......................................................................................................................................................80

Slides 95 and 96 ......................................................................................................................................................80

Oranges, FL, Freezing Injury ..................................................................................................................80

Slides 174 to 178.....................................................................................................................................................80

Oranges, FL, Scarring ..............................................................................................................................80

Slide 178..................................................................................................................................................................80

Peaches, Defects.........................................................................................................................................80

Slides 8 to 10, 14 to 24, 106, 132, 230 to 237, 263 to 265, 267 to 273, 275, 281, 285, and 286.............................80

Peanuts.......................................................................................................................................................81

Slides 423 to 425.....................................................................................................................................................81

Peanuts, Safety Slide Series......................................................................................................................81

Slides 1 through 27..................................................................................................................................................81

Peanuts, Sampling and Grading Series...................................................................................................81

Slides 1 through 38..................................................................................................................................................81

Slides 1 through 69..................................................................................................................................................81

Pears, Defects.............................................................................................................................................82

Slides 134, 135, and 258 to 260 ..............................................................................................................................82

Pears, Russeting ........................................................................................................................................82

Slides 238 to 242.....................................................................................................................................................82

Pears, Shape...............................................................................................................................................82

Slides 244 to 246.....................................................................................................................................................82

Plums, Scarring.........................................................................................................................................82

Slide 107..................................................................................................................................................................82
xiv

Sweetpotatoes............................................................................................................................................82

228 and 229 .............................................................................................................................................................82

Tomatoes, Defects .....................................................................................................................................82

100 to 102, 223, and 224 .........................................................................................................................................82

Tomatoes (Greenhouse), Shape ...............................................................................................................83

Slides 1 to 11...........................................................................................................................................................83

Tomatoes for Processing...........................................................................................................................83

Slides 310 to 386.....................................................................................................................................................83

Watermelons, Defects...............................................................................................................................83

Slides 44 to 52, 54, 56 to 64, 206 to 211, and 213 ..................................................................................................83

Watermelons, Shape .................................................................................................................................84

40 to 42, 65, and 212 ...............................................................................................................................................84

FRESH CITRUS: 2 X 2 SLIDES OF USDA VISUAL AID CIT-(FL)-L-1 FEBRUARY 1973 .........................85

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Color....................................................................................................................86

Slides 1 and 2 ..........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Texture ................................................................................................................86

Slides 3 and 4 ..........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Varietal Characteristics.....................................................................................86

Slides 5 to 16...........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Shape ...................................................................................................................86

Slides 17 to 20.........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Discoloration.......................................................................................................86

Slides 21 to 24.........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Free From Defects..............................................................................................86

Slides 25 to 28.........................................................................................................................................................86

FL Oranges/Tangelso, Decay ...................................................................................................................87

Slides 29 to 35.........................................................................................................................................................87

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Defects.................................................................................................................87

Slides 36 to 39, 41 to 49, and 51 to 74 ....................................................................................................................87

FL Grapefruit, Color ................................................................................................................................87

Slide 76....................................................................................................................................................................87

FL Grapefruit, Shape ...............................................................................................................................88

Slides 76 and 76A ...................................................................................................................................................88

FL Grapefruit, Varietal Characteristics.................................................................................................88

Slides 77 to 84.........................................................................................................................................................88

FL Grapefruit, Discoloration...................................................................................................................88

Slides 85 to 88.........................................................................................................................................................88

FL Grapefruit, Defects .............................................................................................................................88

Slides 89 to 112.......................................................................................................................................................88

FL Tangerines, Shape...............................................................................................................................89

Slides 113 to 115.....................................................................................................................................................89

FL Tangerines, Texture............................................................................................................................89
xv

Slide 116..................................................................................................................................................................89

FL Tangerines, Firmness..........................................................................................................................89

Slide 117..................................................................................................................................................................89

FL Tangerines, Color................................................................................................................................89

Slides 118 and 119 ..................................................................................................................................................89

FL Tangerines, Varietal Characteristics ................................................................................................89

Slides 120 to 125.....................................................................................................................................................89

FL Tangerines, Defects.............................................................................................................................89

Slides 126 to 129, 131 to 142, and 145 to 148 ........................................................................................................89

FRESH POTATOES: 2 X 2 SLIDES OF OFFICIAL VISUAL AIDS FOR POTATOES USDA VISUAL AID 

POT.-L-1 MAY 1998..................................................................................................................................91

Potatoes, Firmness ....................................................................................................................................92

Slides 1 and 2 ..........................................................................................................................................................92

Potatoes, Cleanness...................................................................................................................................92

Slides 3 to 10...........................................................................................................................................................92

Potatoes, Shape..........................................................................................................................................92

Slides 11 to 22.........................................................................................................................................................92

Potatoes, Skinning.....................................................................................................................................92

Slides 23 to 26.........................................................................................................................................................92

Potatoes, Free From Defects ....................................................................................................................92

Slides 27 to 39.........................................................................................................................................................92

Potatoes, Identification Only....................................................................................................................93

Slides 40 to 93 (including 47A)...............................................................................................................................93

Potatoes, Aircracks...................................................................................................................................94

Slides 94 to 96.........................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, Bruises .......................................................................................................................................94

Slides 97 to 99.........................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, Cuts............................................................................................................................................94

Slides 100 and 101 ..................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, Enlarged Lenticels....................................................................................................................94

Slides 105 to 107.....................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, External Discoloration .............................................................................................................94

Slides 108 to 113.....................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, Folded End ................................................................................................................................94

Slides 114 to 117.....................................................................................................................................................94

Potatoes, Growth Cracks..........................................................................................................................95

Slides 118 to 120.....................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Hollow Heart.............................................................................................................................95

Slides 121 and 122 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Internal Discoloration ..............................................................................................................95

Slides 123 and 124 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Rhizoctonia................................................................................................................................95
xvi

Slides 125 and 126 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Russeting ...................................................................................................................................95

Slides 127 and 128 (for non-russet type varieties) ..................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Scab (Pitted)..............................................................................................................................95

Slides 129 and 130 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Second Growth..........................................................................................................................95

Slides 131 and 132 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Skin Checks...............................................................................................................................95

Slides 134 and 135 ..................................................................................................................................................95

Potatoes, Sprouts (Clusters).....................................................................................................................96

Slide 136..................................................................................................................................................................96

Potatoes, Flattened or Depressed Areas.................................................................................................96

Slide 137..................................................................................................................................................................96

Potatoes, Sunken Discolored Areas.........................................................................................................96

Slide 138..................................................................................................................................................................96

Potatoes, Surface Cracks..........................................................................................................................96

Slides 139 to 142.....................................................................................................................................................96

Potatoes, Scab (Russet).............................................................................................................................96

Slide 143..................................................................................................................................................................96

PROCESSED FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS............................................................97

Color Standards........................................................................................................................................98

Apple Butter (August 2002)....................................................................................................................................98

Beans, Canned Lima (August 2005) .......................................................................................................................98

Beans, Frozen Lima (June 2002).............................................................................................................................98

Cherries, Frozen Red Tart (May 2003) ...................................................................................................................98

Honey (September 2003).........................................................................................................................................98

Molasses, Sugarcane (September 2003)..................................................................................................................99

Mushrooms, Canned (June 2002)............................................................................................................................99

Olives, Canned Ripe (March 1994).........................................................................................................................99

Orange Juice – Processed (1983 edition) ................................................................................................................99

Peaches, Canned Clingstone (January 2011)...........................................................................................................99

Peanut Butter (June 2002).......................................................................................................................................99

Peas, Frozen (April 2000) .....................................................................................................................................100

Pimientos, Canned (May 1996 and June 2003).....................................................................................................100

Potatoes, Frozen French Fried (5th edition 2007) ..................................................................................................100

Pumpkin/Squash, Canned (November 2002) ........................................................................................................100

Sauerkraut, Canned (October 1957 edition)..........................................................................................................100

Tomatoes, Canned (September 2002) ...................................................................................................................101

Tomato Products (December 2000).......................................................................................................................101

Color standards that are no longer available, but still applicable: .........................................................................101

Photo Guides............................................................................................................................................101
xvii

Beans, Green & Wax (October 2001) ...................................................................................................................101

Broccoli, Frozen (reissued May 2012)..................................................................................................................102

Carrot, Frozen (April 2005)...................................................................................................................................102

Corn, Canned & Frozen Whole Kernel (reissued September 2009 and January 2012).........................................102

Corn, Canned & Frozen Whole Kernel (reissued September 2009 and September 2011) ....................................102

Corn on the Cob, Frozen (April 2014) ..................................................................................................................102

Dates, Raisins, Prunes, and Canned Ripe Olives (July 2012) ...............................................................................103

Peanut Butter (reissued January 2008)..................................................................................................................103

Photo Guides that are no longer available, but still applicable:.............................................................................103
xviii

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

1

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND 

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: PHOTOS, COLOR 

GUIDES, AND COLOR COMPARATORS
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

2

Almonds

ALM-1-IDENT (February 1991)

ID only: Brown Spot, Gum and Shriveling, and Insect and Skin 

Blemishes.

Apples

APL-C-4 (1964)/APL-C-6 (January 1966)

First photo: Maximum smooth netlike russeting allowed in U.S. 

No. 1. Second photo: Lower limit U.S. Extra and U.S. Extra Fancy 

and U.S. Fancy. One stripe only; no longer than half the apple 

length; no wider than 1/8 inch. Third photo: Lower limit U.S. No. 

1. Two stripes, each 1/4” wide, one-half the apple length, or one 

stripe 1/4” wide from stem to calyx.

APL-C-8 (March 1962)

Spray Residue photo illustrating varying degrees of spray residue.

(XA-1013, XA-1016, XA-1021, and XA-1022)

APL-CP-2 (May 1975)

Sunken discolored areas around lenticels.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

3

APL-CP-3 (February 1990)

Excessively rough or bark-like russeting in calyx basin or stem 

cavity of apples - U.S. Extra Fancy, U.S. Fancy, and U.S. No. 1.

APL-CP-4 (March 1990)

Blossom End Rot of apples.

APL-CP-5 (July 2015)

Internal Stem Bowl Cracking

Scoring guide for injury and damage.

APL-CP-6 (July 2015)

Internal Stem Bowl Cracking

Scoring guide for serious damage.

APL-1-IDENT (February 1990)

ID only: Scald; Soft Scald; Hail Marks.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

4

APL-2-IDENT (February 1990)

ID only: Pebbling; Scab; Scars.

APL-3-IDENT (February 1990)

ID only: Apple Maggot Injury.

APL-4-IDENT (February 1990)

ID only: Leaf Roller Injury; Blue Mold Rot.

Color Guide: Golden Delicious Ground Color (1962)

Set of 8 colors to assist in describing Golden Delicious ground 

color Use the eight colors only at applicant’s request.

(Not available)

Color Guide: Official Visual Aids for Apples (August 2002) 

Set includes the following: AP-CC-1 A through E

Minimum good shade of striped red color, minimum

compensating color, and not to be considered as a color for (A) Red 

Delicious, Empire and Red Rome; (B) Winesap and Rome; (C) 

Delicious; (D) McIntosh and Cortland; and (E) Jonathan, Idared,

Stayman and York.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

5

Asparagus

The following asparagus photos are included in the Asparagus Shipping Point and Market Inspection Instructions.

No. 6 (November 1994)

Closed and slightly spread tips. Allowed in U.S. No. 1.

No. 7 (November 1994)

Spreading tips. Not U.S. No. 1.

No. 10 (November 1994)

Fairly straight asparagus stalks. Permitted in U.S. No. 1.

No. 11 (November 1994)

Not badly misshapen asparagus stalks. Permitted in U.S. No. 2.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

6

No. 12 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for market:

A: Spreading Tips – U.S. No.

Fresh vegetables for processing:

B. Spreading Tips – Lower U.S. No. 1.

No. 13 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for market and for processing:

Spreading Tips: U.S. No. 2, lower limit. Damaged by spreading, 

but not seriously damaged.

Avocados

Booth 1 (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Booth 7 (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Booth 8 (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

7

Catalina (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Choquette (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Dr. Dupuis # 2 (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Hall (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Hickson (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Lula (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

8

Monroe (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Nadir (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Pollock (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Simmonds (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Trapp (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.

Waldin (July 1976)

ID only describing varietal characteristics.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

9

Florida Avocado Varieties Binder (2004)

Photo guide describing over 40 Florida avocado varieties.

(Not available)

Bananas

BAN-C-1 Ripening Guide (September 2001)

Color indexes for banana ripening.

Beans, Lima

Photo No. 1 (July 1990)

U.S. No. 1: Filling of pods and development of seeds.

Photo No. 2 (July 1990)

U.S. No. 2 and cull: Filling of pods and development of seeds.

PL-1 (1953)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Lightest shape of green permitted for cotyledons of U.S. No. 1 

Fordhook type unblanched beans.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

10

PL-2 (1957)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Lightest shade of green permitted for cotyledons of U.S. No. 1 

Thorogreen variety of unblanched beans.

(Not available)

Beans, Snap

Photo No. 1 (July 1990)

Shape for U.S. Fancy.

Photo No. 2 (July 1990)

Shape for U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 3 (July 1990)

Shape for U.S. No. 2.

Color Comparator (laminated photo)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Scar on whole bean: Lower limit for U.S. No 1 and Lower limit for 

U.S. No. 2.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

11

Blueberries

BLB-CP-1 (December 2001)

This blueberry photo features the following: Cluster; Pulled Stems; 

Attached Stems; Shriveled; Mummified Berries; Green, Pink to 

Red; Blue.

Brazil Nuts

BRZ-CP-1 (August 2015)

Previously slides 1-18, 1969.

The Brazil nuts shown are classified as wholesome and are included 

in chemical analysis for aflatoxin.

BRZ-CP-2 (August 2015)

Previously slides 19-32, 1969.

The Brazil nuts shown are classified as objectionable and are not 

included in chemical analysis for aflatoxin.

Broccoli, Italian Sprouting

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)

Fairly Compact.

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)

Fairly Compact.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

12

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)

Compact.

Photo No. 4 (August 1990)

Not Fairly Compact.

Photo No. 5 (August 1990)

Not Fairly Compact.

Photo No. 6 (August 1990)

Compact.

BRO-1-IDENT (April 1997)

ID only: There are no color or varietal requirements; therefore, this 

variation in color is not a defect.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

13

Cabbage

CAB-CP-1 (March 1990)

Seedstems: U.S. No. 1 and damage.

CAB-CP-1-A (March 1990)

Seedstems: Serious damage.

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)

Well-Trimmed and Poorly-Trimmed heads.

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)

Stem properly and improperly trimmed

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)

U.S. No. 1, lower limit of reasonable solidity for southern domestic 

type.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

14

Photo No. 4 (August 1990)

Overripe; Seedstem; Bad Worm Injury. None of these heads are 

U.S. No. 1

Cantaloups (also see Muskmelons)

CANT-CP-1 (March 1990)

Four views of the same cantaloup showing U.S. No. 1 netting 

requirements.

CANT-CP-1-A (March 1990)

Four views of the same cantaloup showing U.S. No. 1 netting 

requirements.

CANT-CP-2 (March 1990)

Four views of the same cantaloup showing maximum ground spot.

CANT-CP-2-A (March 1990)

Cantaloups meeting requirements of uniform appearance.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

15

CANT-CP-3 (March 1990) 

Insect Injury; Sunken Areas.

CANT-1-IDENT (March 1990) 

ID only: Fusarium Rot; Scarring.

CANT-2-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Sunburn; Sunscald; Scarring.

Carrots, Bunched

Photo No. 1 (August 1990)

Shape: U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 2 (August 1990)

Shape: U.S. No. 1.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

16

Photo No. 3 (August 1990)

Shape: Not U.S. No. 1.

Carrots, Topped

C-1 (August 1990)

Four sets of carrots showing shape and smoothness.

C-1-A (August 1990)

Four sets of carrots showing shape and smoothness.

CAR-CP-2 (March 1991)

Chipped or Broken Crowns: U.S. No. 1.

PL-1 (1950)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Carrot Color Comparator showing cross section for Poorly Colored, 

Fairly Well Colored, and Well Colored.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

17

PL-2 (1959)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Carrot Color Comparator showing cross section for Fairly Well 

Colored.

(Not available)

Cauliflower

Photo No. 3 (September 1990)

Damaged by Enlarged Bracts. Not U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 4 (September 1990)

Enlarged Bracts. U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 5 (September 1990)

Enlarged Bracts. U.S. No. 1.

CAU-IDENT-6 (July 2008)

ID only: Fuzziness.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

18

Celery

CEL-1-IDENT (July 1992)

ID only: Seedstem and Sucker.

CEL-2-IDENT (July 1992)

ID only: Seedstem (cut).

Cherries, Red Sour

PL-1-RSP Red Sour Cherries for Manufacture (March 2013)

Red Sour Cherry Color Comparator for minimum color U.S. No. 1.

Cherries, Sweet

CHR-CP-2 (April 1990)

Pitting.

CHR-CP-3 (April 1990)

Pulled Stems, Cracks, Insect, and Scars.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

19

CHR-CP-3-A (April 1990)

Scars.

CHR-1-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Scars.

PL-1 (July 2012)

Sweet Cherry Color Comparator for minimum color for Bings and 

other similar varieties.

Citrus (also see Grapefruit, Lemons, Limes, and Oranges)

CIT-(CA&AZ,FLA&TX)-CP-1 (September 1989)

Sooty Mold.

CIT-(CA&AZ,FLA&TX)-CP-1-A (September 1989)

Smudged Discoloration.

CIT-(FL)-L-1 (February 1973)

Loose leaf binder containing 75 pages of lithograph photos for 

identification and classification of various defects.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

20

Corn, Sweet

COR-1-IDENT (September 2002)

ID only: Sweet Corn Auxiliary Ears.

Cranberries

CRB-CC-1 (January 1999)

Lower limit of “Fairly Uniform in Color” 

Do not use for minimum color.

Cucumbers

CUC-CP-1 (March 1990)

Scars and Sunscald.

CUC-1-IDENT (July 1990)

ID only: Poor Coloring, Scars, and Sack Imprint.

CC-1 (August 2011) 

Cucumber Color Comparator for Medium green.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

21

Eggplant

C-1 (March 1991)

Scarring. Fruit at left and center are lower limit U.S. No. 1. Fruit 

at right is U.S. No. 2.

C-2 (July 1990)

Green Color. Lower limit U.S. No. 1. Maximum extent which 

appearance may be affected by green color.

Filberts / Hazelnuts

FIL-CP-1 (April 1991)

Split Shells.

FIL-CP-2 Photo 1 (April 1991)

Shell Discoloration and Ridging.

FIL-CP-2 Photo 2 (April 1991)

Shell Discoloration and Ridging.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

22

FIL-CP-2A (April 1991)

Shell Discoloration and Ridging.

FIL-CP-3 (March 1993)

Shriveling.

FIL-CP-4 (March 1993)

Shape.

FIL-1-IDENT (October 1983)

ID only: Long type and round type filberts.

FIL-2-IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980)

ID only: Decay on filberts.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

23

FIL-3-IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980)

ID only: Mold on filberts.

FIL-4 IDENT (February 1990, previously November 1980)

ID only: Rancidity of filberts.

Ginseng

IDENT-1 (May 2012)

ID only: Texture.

CC-1 (January 2007)

External Color.

Grapefruit

PL-1 (1949)

Scar Colors: Light, Fairly Light, and Dark.

Applicable to CA and AZ grapefruit.

(Not available)

PL-2 (1956)

Lettuce Color Comparator for lower limit for color in which yellow 

predominates over green. Applicable to FL and TX grapefruit.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

24

Grapes

C-1 (April 1990)

Dark Red and Very Dark Red Color on Emperor Grapes (Table 

Grapes and Sawdust Pack Grapes).

C-2 (April 1990)

Light Red and Dark Red Color on Emperor Grapes (Table Grapes 

and Sawdust Pack Grapes).

C-3 (April 1990)

Stages of Raisining in Muscat (and other white or green varieties) 

and Zinfandel (and other black varieties).

GRP-IDENT-1 (May 2006)

ID only: Indented Blossom End. U.S. No. 1 Table – Maximum 

allowed for indentation of individual berry.

Photo No. 1 (April 1990)

Structure of Bunches on Table Grapes.

Photo shows Emperor Grapes.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

25

Photo No. 2 (April 1990)

Structures of Bunches on Table Grapes.

Photo shows Emperor Grapes.

GRP-PL-2 (1973)

Fresh fruit for processing:

Grape Color Comparator for minimum shade of pulp discoloration 

causing serious damage.

(Not available)

Kiwifruit

KWI-CP-2 (June 1990)

Well Formed.

KWI-CP-3 (June 1990)

Fairly Well Formed.

KWI-CP-3-A (June 1990)

Fairly Well Formed.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

26

KWI-CP-4 (June 1990)

Form: Cull.

KWI-CP-4-A (June 1990)

Form: Cull.

KWI-CP-5 (June 1990)

Mold: U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2.

KWI-CP-6 (January 2017)

Width Versus Height on Flat Kiwifruit.

KWI-CP-7 (January 2017)

Width Versus Height on Round or Oval Shaped Kiwifruit.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

27

KWI-1-IDENT (June 1990)

ID only: Discoloration by Water Staining.

KWI-IDENT-2 (January 2017)

Flatsided Versus Round or Oval Shaped Kiwifruit.

Lemons

PL-1

Lemon Color Comparator for Moderately Well Colored. U.S. No. 

1 Export, lower limit.

(Not available)

Scar Color Guide (1964)

(Not available)

LEM-CP-1 (June 1979)

Speck Type Melanose.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

28

Lettuce / Romaine

LT-CP-1 (May 1990)

Rusty Brown Discoloration on iceberg lettuce.

LT-CP-1-A (May 1990)

Rusty Brown Discoloration on iceberg lettuce.

LT-CP-2 (March 1990)

Discoloration Following Bruising.

LT-CP-3 (May 1990, previously October 1970)

Brown Stain.

LT-CP-3-A (May 1990, previously October 1970)

Brown Stain.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

29

LET-IDENT-1 (April 2003)

ID only: Russet Spotting.

LET-IDENT-2 (April 2003)

ID only: Downy Mildew.

ROM-IDENT-1 (September 2001)

ID only: Seedstems.

Light Green

Lettuce Color Comparator for minimum shape of Green Color 

which must be present on at least 1⁄2 of the exterior surface of a U.S. 

Fancy or U.S. No. 1 head (exclusive of wrapper leaves).

(Not available)

LT-CC-1 (August 2013)

Lettuce Color Comparator for minimum Light Buff Color for 

scoring Tipburn.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

30

LT-PL-1 (1970)

Lettuce Color Comparator for minimum Deep Pink Color 

considered in scoring Pink Rib.

(Not available)

Limes

LIM-CP-1 (April 1990)

Seeded limes.

LIM-CP-2 (April 1990)

Seedless limes.

LIM-1-IDENT (December 1998)

ID only: Lime Color Chart.

Row 1: Green.

Row 2: Blanched (uniformly).

Row 3: Blanched (partially)

Row 4: Yellowing (due to aging/ripening).

LIM-CC-1 (July 2000)

Persian Lime Color Comparator for minimum color considered 

“Good Green.”
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

31

Mangos

MAN-IDENT-1 (May 2006)

ID only: Varieties of Mangos: Ataulfo, Haden, Keitt, Kent, and 

Tommy Atkins.

MAN-IDENT-2 (May 2006)

ID-only: Anthracnose in early and in advanced stages.

MAN-IDENT-3 (May 2006)

ID only: Scab on stem end and side of fruit.

Mushrooms

MSH-CP-1 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for Processing:

Disease Spots, Feathering, and Stem Discoloration.

MSH-P-2 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Disease Spots, Feathering, and Stem Discoloration.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

32

MSH-CP-3 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Disease Spots and Mechanical.

MSH-CP-4 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Diseased Caps and Stems.

MSH-CP-5 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing.

Mechanical and Diseased Stems.

Muskmelons

MSK-CP-1 (June 1998)

The inset melon as a hybrid muskmelon that exhibits well defined 

netting. Muskmelons of this type can be certified under the U.S. 

Standards for Grades of Cantaloups.

Nectarines

C-1 (May 1990)

Lower limit Well Formed.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

33

NEC-CP-2 (May 1990)

Shape.

NEC-CP-3 (May 1990)

Split Pit and Not Well Formed.

Okra

OK-CP-1 (September 1990)

Scarring, Discoloration, and Shriveled Ends.

OK-IDENT-1 (September 1990)

ID only: Bacterial Soft Rot.

Onions

C-1 (April 2005, previously March 1990)

Cut onion showing discolored outer scale present and removed.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

34

C-2 (March 1990)

Cut onion showing dormancy and new growth.

C-10 (March 1990)

Appreciably Stained.

C-11 (March 1990)

Badly Stained.

ONS-CP-3 (April 1990)

Shape.

ONS-CP-3-A (April 1990)

Shape.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

35

ONS-CP-10A (July 1990)

Appreciably Stained.

ONS-CP-12 (January 2017)

Examples of Damage by Dry Sunken Areas on Northern (Other 

Than) Onions.

ONS-CP-13 (January 2017)

Examples of Serious Damage by Dry Sunken Areas on Northern 

(Other Than) Onions.

ONS-CP-14 (January 2017)

Not Scorable by Dry Sunken Areas on Northern (Other Than) 

Onions.

ONS-IDENT-1 (May 1992)

ID only: Purple Blotch.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

36

ONS-IDENT-2 (May 1992)

ID only: Purple Blotch.

Photo No. 1 (April 1990)

Onions with excessively long roots.

Not permitted in U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 2 (April 1990)

Seedstems.

Photo No. 3 (April 1990)

Seedstems. Not U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 4 (April 1990)

Shape.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

37

Photo No. 5 (April 1990)

Shape permitted in U.S. No. 1 Northern onions.

Photo No. 7 (April 1990)

Shapes not permitted in U.S. No. 1 BGG onions.

Photo No. 8 (April 1990)

Shape permitted in U.S. No. 1 and U.S. Commercial Northern 

onions.

Photo No. 9 (April 1990)

Shape permitted in U.S. No. 1 BGG onions.

Photo No. 10 (April 1990)

Globe Shaped onions.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

38

Photo No. 13 (April 1990)

Shapes permitted in U.S. No. 1 BGG onions.

Photo No. 14 (April 1990)

Appearance of outer scales in Northern onions.

Photo No. 15 (April 1990)

Bottlenecks or “Thick Necked” Northern onions

ONS-CC-1 (September 2001)

Onion Color Comparator for BGG onions showing Dark Green and 

Light to Medium Green Color.

ONS-CC-2 (September 2001)

Onion Color Comparator for Northern onions showing Medium 

Green Color.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

39

Onions, Common Green

GON-1-IDENT (September 2002)

ID only: Thrip Injury.

Oranges, Tangelos, and Mandarins

C-1 (March 1990)

Skin Breakdown: Upper limit U.S. No. 2.

ORG-CP-1 (February 1990)

Pulled Stems: Damage, serious damage, and very serious damage.

ORG-CP-2-A (March 1990)

Skin Breakdown and Oil Spotting for CA and AZ oranges.

ORG-CP-2-B (March 1990)

Skin Breakdown and Oil Spotting for CA and AZ oranges.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

40

Mandarins 1-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Types of mandarins.

Minneola Tangelo 1-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Characteristic shape.

CIT-(FLA&TX) 1-IDENT-A (March 1990)

ID only: Oil Spotting.

CIT-(FLA&TX) 1-IDENT-B (March 1990)

ID only: Oil Spotting.

CIT-(FLA&TX) 2-IDENT-A (March 1990)

ID only: Skin Breakdown.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

41

CIT-(FLA&TX) 2-IDENT-B (March 1990)

ID only: Skin Breakdown.

CIT-(FLA&TX) 3-IDENT-A (March 1990)

ID only: Oil Spotting and Skin Breakdown.

CIT-(FLA&TX) 3-IDENT-B (March 1990)

ID only: Oil Spotting and Skin Breakdown.

CC-1 (1951)

Orange Color Comparator (metal plate) showing minimum shade of 

orange color permitted for Well Colored CA and AZ oranges.

(Not available)

PL-1 (1949)

Orange Color Comparator (Scar Color Guide) showing Light, 

Fairly Light, and Dark scars for CA and AZ oranges.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

42

Parsnips

Photo No. 1 (September 1990)

Shapes permissible in U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 2 (September 1990)

Shapes permissible in U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 3 (September 1990)

Shapes permissible in U.S. No. 2.

Photo No. 4 (September 1990)

Shapes permissible in U.S. No. 2.

Peaches

PCH-CP-1 (March 1990)

Scale and Thrip Injury
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

43

PCH-CP-2 (March 1990)

Crease Wart (zipper type suture) and Shape.

PCH-CP-2-A (April 1990)

Shape.

PCH-CP-2-B (March 1990)

Shape.

PCH-CP-2-C (April 1990)

Mold in seed cavity and Enlarged Seam (Protruding Suture).

PCH-CP-2-D (April 1990)

Shape.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

44

PCH-CP-4 (July 1989)

Open Seams

PCH-CP-5 (April 2000)

Flat type peaches.

PCH-1-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Rhizopus and Brown Rot.

PCH-2-IDENT (March 1990)

ID only: Scab, Bacterial Spot, and White Granular Growth in seed 

cavity.

PCH-3-IDENT (October 1993)

ID only: Seam and Growth Crack.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

45

CC-1 (July 1966)

Fresh fruit for processing:

Peach Color Comparator for lower limit ground color (3 colors on 

one Plexiglas).

(Not available)

Peanuts

PN-2 (revised 1983)

Shell Discoloration on Valencia type peanuts.

PN-CP-1 and PN-CP-2 (August 1986)

Top photo: Surface Discoloration (PN-CP-1).

Bottom photo: Adhering Dirt on peanuts (PN-CP-2).

PN-CP-5 (January 1996)

Adhering material on peanut kernels.

PEN-CP-3 (revised September 1982)

Aspergillus Flavus Mold identification.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

46

PEN-CP-3-A (June 1989)

“Mini-Mold” and A-Flavus comparison.

PEN-CP-3-B (June 1989)

“Mini-Mold” and A-Flavus comparison.

PEN-CP-4 (December 1973)

Shell Discoloration of Virginia type milled peanuts.

PEN-CP-6 (revised September 1989)

Peanut kernels showing freeze damage.

PEN-CP-8 (June 1996)

Farmers stock peanuts showing “Not Raisins” and “Raisins”

(“Twister”).
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

47

PN Photo No.7 (June 1968)

Guide for scoring Virginia type peanuts in the shell showing “not 

damaged” and “damaged” shells.

PN-1 (revised 2010)

Peanut Color Comparator for Brown, Gray, Blue-gray and Purple 

Skin Discoloration on peanuts.

PN-CC-1 (April 2014)

Peanut Color Comparator for minimum Light Yellow Color for 

scoring Flesh Discoloration.

PNT-CP-7 (September 1992)

High moisture foreign material for peanuts.

PNT-CP-9 (July 2000)

Visual aid for Purple Flesh Discoloration, maximum allowed before 

minor.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

48

PNT-CP-10 (February 2003)

Visual aid for Green Flesh Discoloration, maximum allowed before 

minor.

PNT-CP-11 (February 2014)

Identification only for concealed Rancid, Mold, and Decay.

Pears

C-1 (May 1990)

Degrees of Pear Psylla.

PR-CP-2 (May 1990)

Shape of D’Anjou pears with folded end or slanted stem end.

PR-1 (revised 1999)

Pear Color Comparator for Green, Light Green, Yellowish Green 

and Yellow Ground Color.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

49

PR-2 (revised 2012)

Pear Color Comparator for very dark brown and medium brown 

skin discoloration on pears.

Peas

Photo No. 1 (October 1990)

Well Developed, Fairly Well Developed, and Poorly Developed 

peas.

Photo No. 2 (October 1990)

Not U.S. No. 1, appearance of pods seriously affected.

Pecans

PEC-PL-1 (March 2016)

This visual aid consists of three color comparators on a key ring. 

Each color comparator shows a minimum color (Medium Gray, 

Medium Brown, and Dark Shade) for scoring Internal Flesh 

Discoloration on pecan kernels.

Peppers, Sweet

First photo in back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet 

Peppers, effective November 17, 2005

U.S. Fancy: Lower limit for Well Shaped.

(Only available as part of standards)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

50

Second Photo in Back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet 

Peppers, effective November 7, 2005

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Fairly Well Shaped.

(Only available as part of standards)

Third photo in back of U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet 

Peppers, effective November 7, 2005

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for Not Seriously Misshapen.

(Only available as part of Standards)

Photo No. 1 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Fairly Well Shaped.

Photo No. 1A (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Bottom view of peppers shown in Photo No. 1.

Photo No. 2 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for shapes designated as “Buttons” (not 

seriously damaged).
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

51

Photo No. 2A (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Bottom view of peppers shown in Photo No. 2.

Photo No. 3 (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

“Button” shaped peppers which are seriously damaged and 

classified as Culls.

Photo No. 3A (February 1991)

Fresh vegetables for processing:

Bottom view of peppers shown in Photo No. 3.

Pistachio

P-1 through P-8 (June 1972)

Nut kernel classification for aflatoxin analysis.

(Not available)

PIS-CC-1 (November 2011)

Pistachio Color Comparator for maximum Brown Color allowed for 

light staining on pistachios.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

52

Plums

PL-CP-1 (May 1990)

Damage by Hail, Split Pit, and Scars.

PLU-CP-2 (July 1997)

Left photo: Serious damage by Pebbling.

Middle photo: Damage by Pebbling.

Right photo: U.S. No. 1, maximum allowed.

PLU-CP-3 (March 2000)

Internal Discoloration.

PL-1-IDENT (May 1990)

ID only: Typical shape for Santa Rose and Red Beaut varieties.

PL-2-IDENT (May 1990)

ID only: Fingernail, Mechanical, and Bird injury.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

53

PL-3-IDENT (May 1990)

ID only: Deep Suture, Scar, and Healed Cut.

PL-4-IDENT (May 1990)

ID only: Off shape on Santa Rosa account of poor pollination.

Potatoes

POT.-L-1, 3 ring binder (May 1998)

USDA Official Visual Aids for Potatoes

Last updated May 2015 (page 35).

Features 143 lithograph photos (pages 1 to 30) of basic 

requirements for potatoes and identification and classification of 

various disorders and defects. In addition, includes updated pages 

31 to 35.

Three-ring vinyl notebook; 11-1/2” long, 10” wide, 1-1/2” thick.

POT-L-2 (December 1980)

Potato Disorder Identification Chart featuring 54 lithograph photos.

(Not available)

POT-CC-1 (January 1998)

Potato Color Comparator showing minimum color for scoring

Brown Center and Hollow Heart with Discoloration.

POT-CC-2 (April 2008)

Potato Color Comparator showing minimum color for scoring 

Internal Black Spot (dark smudge on right). Note: Brown color on 

left is potato skin.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

54

PP-1 (July 1963)

Fresh vegetables for processing.

Medium Brown Color.

(Not available)

PP-2 (July 1963)

Fresh vegetables for processing.

Tan Color.

(Not available)

PP-3 (July 1963)

Fresh vegetables for processing.

Yellow Color.

(Not available)

Prunes

PRN-CP-1 (May 1990)

Lower limit for Golden Brown Tinge. Includes instructions for 

scoring Internal Discoloration.

PRN-CC-1 (August 1987)

Prune Color Comparator for Purplish Color (for Washington State 

only)

(Not available)

Pumpkins

PUM-IDENT-1 (May 2006)

ID only: Surface Mold on stem.

Note: This much Surface Mold is considered materially detracting 

(damage) from the appearance of the pumpkin.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

55

Radishes

RAD-CP-1 (September 1990)

Damage by Abrasions and Air Cracks.

Rhubarb, Field Grown

Photo No. 1 (October 1990)

Shape: Stalks permitted in U.S. No. 1.

Spinach

Photo No. 1 (October 1990)

Desirable savoy type plant.

Photo No. 2 (October 1990)

U.S. No. 1: Plant showing slightly less than 10% waste caused by 

coarse stalk.

Photo No. 3 (October 1990)

Not U.S. No. 1: Plant showing more than 10% waste caused by 

coarse stalk.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

56

Squash

SQ-1-IDENT (October 1990)

ID only: Patty Pan, Buttercup, and Butternut.

SQ-2-IDENT (October 1990)

ID only: Zucchini, Banana, and Acorn.

SQU-3-IDENT (October 1998)

ID only: Different varieties may be certified using the U.S. 

standards for fall and winter type squash. Top Left: Golden 

(Orange) Acorn. Top Right: Yellow Acorn. Center: Green Acorn.

SQU-4-IDENT (July 2008)

ID only: Sprouting seeds on winter squash.

Strawberries

STR-CP-1 (March 1987)

Guidelines for scoring Underdeveloped (damage) or Badly

Deformed (serious damage) for strawberries.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

57

Sweetpotatoes

Photo No. 5 (December 1990)

Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 6 (December 1990)

Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 7 (December 1990)

Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 8 (January 1991)

Not Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. No. 2.

Photo No. 9 (December 1990)

Not Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. No. 2.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

58

Photo No. 10 (December 1990)

Not Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. No. 2.

Photo No. 11 (December 1990)

Not Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. No. 2.

Photo No. 12 (December 1990)

Not Fairly Well Shaped: U.S. No. 2.

SP-1 (1957)

Color Gradation Chart (4 colors).

SP-1 (1959)

Color Gradation Chart (color no. 4 only).
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

59

Tomatoes

TM-CP-1 (June 1990)

Zipper Scars: U.S. No. 1.

TM-CP-1-A (June 1990)

Zipper Scars: U.S. No. 2.

TM-CP-2 (June 1990)

Soil Spot.

TM-CP-2-A (June 1990)

Area guide for Soil Spots.

TM-CP-3 (May 1992)

Abnormal Coloring.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

60

TM-CP-4 (May 1992)

Abnormal Coloring.

TM-1-IDENT (November 1990)

ID only: Growth Cracks, Hail Injury, and Sunken Discolored 

Areas.

TM-2-IDENT (November 1990)

ID only: Catfaces.

TM-2-IDENT-A (November 1990)

ID only: Internal Discoloration and Worm injury.

TM-3-IDENT (November 1990)

ID only: Sunken Discolored Areas, Sunburn, and External 

Discoloration.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

61

TM-4-IDENT (November 1982)

Exempt types of tomatoes as defined in the Tomato Import 

Regulations, Section 980.212.

TM-5-IDENT (May 1992)

ID only: Abnormal Coloring.

TM-6-IDENT (May 1992)

ID only: Abnormal Coloring.

TM-7-IDENT (July 2008)

ID only: Open Cavities in Stem Scars.

TM-L-1 (February 1975)

Tomato Color Chart for surface color classification requirements 

described as Green, Breakers, Turning, Pink, Light Red, and Red.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

62

PL-1 (1950)

Vegetables for processing:

Tomato Color Comparator for U.S. No. 1, lower limit color.

(Not available)

PL-2 (1950)

Vegetables for processing:

Tomato Color Comparator for U.S. No. 2, lower limit color.

(Not available)

Tomatoes, Italian Type

PL-1 (1957)

Vegetables for processing:

Italian Type Tomato Color Comparator for U.S. No. 1, Lower limit 

color.

(Not available)

Turnips/Rutabagas

Photo No. 1 (January 1991)

Not U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 2 (January 1991)

U.S. No. 1 for shape. Maybe out on waste.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

63

Photo No. 3 (January 1991)

Borderline on shape. Out on shape and appearance.

Photo No. 4 (January 1991)

U.S. No. 1 for shape. Maybe out on waste.

Photo No. 5 (January 1991)

Not U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 6 (January 1991)

Borderline.

Photo No. 7 (January 1991)

Not U.S. No. 1.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

64

Photo No. 8 (January 1991)

Not U.S. No. 1.

Photo No. 9 (January 1991)

U.S. No. 1 for shape. If very rough on bottom, score against grade.

Photo No. 10 (January 1991)

Left photo: U.S. No. 1.

Right photo: Not U.S. No. 1.

Walnuts

Walnut Color Chart (1967)

Pictorial reference for classifying walnut kernels with U.S. 

standards for grades of shelled walnuts and walnuts in the shell.

(Not available)

Watermelons

C-1 (March 1990)

Damage by Ring Worm Scarring.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

65

WAT-IDENT-1 (May 2000)

ID only: Hollow Heart.

WAT-IDENT-2 (May 2000)

ID only: Internal Rind Spot and Second Growth.

WAT-IDENT-3 (June 2000)

ID only: Overripe.

WAT-IDENT-4 (April 2003)

ID only: Enlarged Opened Seed Cavities (not a scorable defect).

WAT –CC-1 (March 2000)

Watermelon Color Comparator for minimum color of mature redflesh varieties.

WAT-CC-2 (August 2014)

Watermelon Color Comparator for Medium Brown Color. This is 

the minimum brown color for scoring Transit Rubs.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

66

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND 

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: MODELS

(Not available or very limited availability)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

67

Apples, Color Models DA-1, MC-2, MC-3, SC-2, SC-3, WA-1, WA-2, WC-1 to 

WC-3, APL-M-1 to APL-M-3

DA-1................................................

MC-2..................................................

MC-3...............................................

SC-2.................................................

SC-3.................................................

WA-1................................................

WA-3...............................................

WC-1...............................................

WC-2............................................................

WC-3..................................................

APL-M-1 (1971)...................................

APL-M-2 (1971)..................................

APL-M-3 (1971)...................................

Minimum color (15%) U.S. No. 1 – Standard Delicious.

Minimum color (33%) U.S. Fancy – McIntosh.

Minimum color (50%) U.S. Extra Fancy – McIntosh.

Minimum color (15%) U.S. No. 1 – Stayman.

Minimum color (33%) U.S. Fancy – Stayman.

75% red color – Winesap.

Minimum color (40%) U.S. Fancy – Winesap.

25% Good Red Color – Winesap.

40% Good Red Color – Winesap.

66% Good Red Color – Winesap.

25% Good Red Color U.S. No. 1 – Red Delicious. 

40% Good Red Color U.S. Fancy – Red Delicious. 

66% Good Red Color U.S. Extra Fancy – Red Delicious.

Apples, Shape Models WB-1 to 5, MS-2, MS-3, S-1, DB-1, DB-2, and DS-3 to 6

WB-1.............................................................

WB-2............................................................

WB-3............................................................

WB-4............................................................

WB-5............................................................

MS-2.............................................................

MS-3.............................................................

S-1.................................................................

DB-1.............................................................

DB-2.............................................................

DS-3..............................................................

DS-4..............................................................

DS-5..............................................................

DS-6..............................................................

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – Winesap, similar varieties.

Upper limit Not Seriously Deformed – Winesap, similar varieties.

Lower limit Not Seriously Deformed – Winesap, similar varieties.

Lower limit Not Seriously Deformed – Winesap, similar varieties.

Lower limit Well Formed – Winesap and similar varieties.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – McIntosh.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – McIntosh.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – McIntosh, similar varieties.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – Delicious, similar varieties.

Lower limit Not Seriously Deformed - Delicious, similar varieties.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed – Delicious.

Upper limit Not Seriously Deformed – Delicious.

Upper limit Not Seriously Deformed – Delicious.

Well Formed – Delicious and similar varieties.

Apples, Defects Models K-1 and K-2

K-1................................................................

K-2................................................................

Lower limit knob size and color U.S. No. 1 and U.S. Fancy.

Lower limit knob size and color U.S Utility.

Cherries, Sweet

CHR-M-1 (1971)

Lower limit Suture U.S. No. 1.

(Not available)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

68

Cranberries (model comes with glass bottle and rubber stopper)

M-1

Lower limit Bruising U.S. NO. 1.

(Not available)

M-2

Lower limit Scarring U.S. No. 1.

(not available)

Garlic Models No. 1, 2, 3, and 4

No. 1..............................................................

No. 2.............................................................

No. 3.............................................................

No. 4.............................................................

Lower limit Materially Stained (if less staining would not be 

Materially Stained).

Lower limit Materially Stained (if less staining would not be 

Materially Stained).

Upper limit Materially Stained (if more staining would be Badly 

Stained).

Upper limit Materially Stained (if more staining would be Badly 

Stained).

Grapefruit, Color

Model C-1 (1955) Lower limit Fairly Well Colored U.S. No. 1 for FL and TX.

Grapefruit, Discoloration Models D-1, D-2, M-3, and M-4

D-1................................................................

D-2................................................................

M-3................................................................

M-4...............................................................

Showing 1/3 of surface in aggregate affected with Discoloration.

U.S. No. 1 Russet for FL and TX, or lower limit U.S. No. 2 for TX

(2/3 of surface in aggregate allowed for discoloration).

Maximum Discoloration and Speck-type Melanose permitted in U.S. 

No. 2 for TX (equivalent to 2/3 of surface in aggregate).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for TX (Melanose).

Grapefruit, Scale (ID only) Models No. 1 to No. 12

No. 1..............................................................

No. 2.............................................................

No. 3.............................................................

No. 4.............................................................

No. 5.............................................................

No. 6.............................................................

No. 7.............................................................

No. 8..............................................................

No. 9.............................................................

No. 10............................................................

No. 11............................................................

Purple or Oyster Shell Scale.

Purple or Oyster Shell Scale.

Chaff Scale.

California Red Scale.

Long Scale.

Florida Red Scale.

Purple or Oyster Shell Scale.

California Red Scale.

Long Scale.

Chaff Scale.

Purple or Oyster Shell Scale.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

69

No. 12............................................................ Florida Red Scale.

Grapefruit, Scarring (Florida) Models SC-1, SC-1A, SC-1B, and SC-1C

SC-1..............................................................

SC-1A...........................................................

SC-1B............................................................

SC-1C...........................................................

U.S. No. 1, not borderline.

U.S. No. 1, maximum scarring.

U.S. No. 1, maximum scarring.

U.S. No. 1, maximum scarring.

Grapefruit, Shape Models S-1 to S-8

S-1.................................................................

S-2.................................................................

S-3.................................................................

S-4.................................................................

S-5.................................................................

S-6.................................................................

S-7 (1964).....................................................

S-8 (1964).....................................................

U.S. No. 1 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

U.S. No. 2 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

U.S. No. 2 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

U.S. No. 2 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

U.S. No. 3 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

U.S. No. 3 (CA, AZ, FL, TX).

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 Ruby Red for elongation (CA, AZ).

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 Ruby Red for pointed stem end (CA, AZ).

Grapefruit, Texture (CA and AZ) Models T-1 and T-2

T-1.................................................................

T-2.................................................................

Showing poorest texture permitted on U.S. No. 1.

Showing poorest texture permitted on U.S. No. 2.

Kiwifruit, Shape (October 1986) Models L.L.W.F. and .L.L.F.W.F.

L.L.W.F........................................................

L.L.F.W.F....................................................

Lower limit Well Formed.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed.

Lemons, Shape Models No. 1 to No. 6, No. 13, No. 14, No. 15, No. 17, and No. 18.

No. 1..............................................................

No. 2.............................................................

No. 3.............................................................

No. 4.............................................................

No. 5.............................................................

No. 6..............................................................

No. 13...........................................................

No. 14...........................................................

No. 15...........................................................

No. 17 (February 1956)................................

No. 18 (1956)................................................

Upper limit U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Upper limit U.S. No. 2 (just below U.S. No. 1).

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 2 (not lower limit). Too round to be considered as having 

normal characteristic lemon shape.

Lemons, Scars

Model No. 12................................................ Showing Scar color.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

70

Lemons, Lumpiness

Model No. 16................................................ U.S. No. 2, not lower limit.

Lemons, Texture & Smoothness Dated April 1959: Models No. 19, No. 20, and No. 22 to No. 26

No. 19............................................................

No. 20...........................................................

No. 22...........................................................

No. 23...........................................................

No. 24...........................................................

No. 25...........................................................

No. 26...........................................................

Lower limit, Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1, Fairly Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1, Fairly Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1, Fairly Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2, Reasonably Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2, Reasonably Smooth.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2, Reasonably Smooth.

Nectarines Dated 1968: Models No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3

No. 3..............................................................

No. 4..............................................................

No. 5..............................................................

Lower limit Misshapen (but not Badly Misshapen) on Early Sun 

Grand.

Lower limit Misshapen (but not Badly Misshapen) on Early Sun 

Grand.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Healed Seam (shape) on this size 

nectarine.

Onions, Shape (Northern Grown) Models No. 1 to No. 15

No. 1..............................................................

No. 2.............................................................

No. 3.............................................................

No. 4.............................................................

No. 5.............................................................

No. 6.............................................................

No. 7.............................................................

No. 8..............................................................

No. 9.............................................................

No. 10...........................................................

No. 11...........................................................

No. 12...........................................................

No. 13...........................................................

No. 14...........................................................

No. 15...........................................................

U.S. No. 1

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2

U.S. No. 2.

Onions, Shape (Spanish) Models No. 16 to No. 21

No. 16............................................................

No. 17...........................................................

No. 18...........................................................

No. 19............................................................

No. 20............................................................

No. 21............................................................

U.S. No. 1.

Upper limit U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.

U.S. Commercial.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

71

Onions, Shape (Australian Brown) Models No. 22 to No. 25

No. 22............................................................

No. 23...........................................................

No. 24...........................................................

No. 25............................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1, not borderline.

Upper limit U.S. Commercial.

U.S Commercial, not borderline.

Onions, Bermuda Granex-Grano Models B-1 to B-9

B-1.................................................................

B-2................................................................

B-3................................................................

B-4................................................................

B-5................................................................

B-6................................................................

B-7................................................................

B-8................................................................

B-9................................................................

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

Oranges, Discoloration Models D-1, D-2, No. 8, No. 29, and No. 36

D-1................................................................

D-2................................................................

No. 8.............................................................

No. 29...........................................................

No. 36...........................................................

Maximum Discoloration allowed in U.S. No. 1 for FL and TX.

Maximum Solid Discoloration (approximately 1/3 of surface)

allowed in U.S. No. 1 for FL and TX.

U.S. No. 1 (near borderline of 1/3 of surface).

Maximum Discoloration caused by scarring permitted in U.S. No. 1 

for FL and TX.

Lower limit Discoloration allowed in U.S. No. 1 for FL and TX.

Oranges, Grooving (CA and AZ) Models G-1, G-2, and G-3

G-1................................................................

G-2 (1955).....................................................

G-3 (1955).....................................................

U.S. No. 1, but borderline account of groove depth.

U.S. No. 1, but borderline account of number of grooves.

U.S. No. 2, but borderline account of groove depth and width.

Oranges, Protruding Navel (CA 

and AZ)

Models N-1 to N-4

N-1................................................................

N-2................................................................

N-3................................................................

N-4................................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Oranges, Scab (FL and TX) SC-1, SC-2, and SC-3

SC-1..............................................................

SC-2..............................................................

SC-3..............................................................

Maximum scab U.S. No. 1.

Maximum scab U.S. No. 1.

Maximum scab U.S. No. 1.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

72

Oranges, Shape (CA and AZ) Dated 1959: Models S-1 and S-2

S-1.................................................................

S-2.................................................................

Lower limit Well Formed U.S. fancy and U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit Fairly Well Formed U.S. No. 2.

Oranges, Texture Models T-1 to T-5, TT-1, and TS-1

T-1.................................................................

T-2................................................................

T-3................................................................

T-4................................................................

T-5................................................................

TT-1.............................................................

TS-1 (1962)..................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for FL and TX.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for FL.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for FL.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for CA and AZ.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for CA and AZ.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for CA and AZ.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Israeli Shamouti.

Peaches, Color

Model 1-C (1960)......................................... Shows 25% color and color gradation necessary to qualify as color.

Peaches, Defects Models 1-D and 2-D

1-D (1960).....................................................

2-D (1963).....................................................

Maximum Healed Open Seam allowed for U.S. No. 1 on this size 

peach.

Maximum Crease Wart allowed for U.S. No. 1 on this size peach.

Peaches, Shape

Model 1-S (1959).......................................... Lower limit Well Formed for Duke of Georgia, Merrill Gem, and 

other varieties characteristically similar in shape.

Pears, Shape (Anjou) Models A-1 to A-4 and A-8 to A-16

A-1................................................................

A-2................................................................

A-3................................................................

A-4................................................................

A-8................................................................

A-9................................................................

A-10..............................................................

A-11..............................................................

A-12..............................................................

A-13..............................................................

A-14..............................................................

A-15..............................................................

A-16..............................................................

Lower limit U.S. Extra No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. Extra No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. Extra No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. Extra No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

73

Pears, Shape (Bartlett) Models No. 3, No. 5 to No. 7, No. 27, No. 30, No. 46, No. 55, P-4, 

and PR-M-56

No. 3 (1962-63).............................................

No. 5 (1962-63).............................................

No. 6 (1962-63).............................................

No. 7 (1962-63).............................................

No. 27...........................................................

No. 30...........................................................

No. 46 (1962-63)...........................................

No. 55 (1962-63)...........................................

P-4 (1960).....................................................

PR-M-56 (1973)...........................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 and WA and OR Extra Fancy for Bartlett 

Pebbling.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Slanted Stem End.

Pears, Shape (Bosc) Models B-1 to B-11

B-1.................................................................

B-2................................................................

B-3................................................................

B-4.................................................................

B-5................................................................

B-6.................................................................

B-7.................................................................

B-8................................................................

B-9................................................................

B-10..............................................................

B-11..............................................................

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 2.

Cull.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

Cull.

Cull.

Pears, Shape (Winter Nellis) Models N-1 to N-6

N-1................................................................

N-2................................................................

N-3................................................................

N-4................................................................

N-5................................................................

N-6................................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Pecans

PEC-MC-1 (1968)

Pecan color standards consisting of 4 plastic models.

(Not available)

Percentage Model

Percentage Model Shows aggregate area by circles of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

74

Potatoes, Defects Models No. 1, No. 2, No. 6, No. 8, and No. 10 to No. 13

No.1..................................................

No. 2...............................................

No. 6...............................................

No. 8...............................................

No. 10.............................................

No. 11.............................................

No. 12.............................................

No. 13.............................................

Maximum Surface Scab (5% of surface) permitted in U.S. No. 1.

Maximum Growth Crack permitted in U.S. No. 1 for this size of 

potato. Correspondingly larger or smaller growth cracks permitted 

on larger or smaller potatoes.

Maximum Pitted Scab permitted in U.S. No. 1 for this size of potato.

Lower limit Flaring Growth Crack in U.S. No. 2 (intermediate or 

round type).

Slightly Skinned round red potato.

Moderately Skinned round red potato.

Slightly Skinned long type potato.

Moderately Skinned long type potato.

Potatoes, Shape Models S-1, S-5, S-6, S-15, and S-15

S-1.................................................

S-5.................................................

S-6.................................................

S-14................................................

S-15................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 Second Growth (long type).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 Folded Growth (long type).

Not a limit U.S. No. 2 (all types).

Not a limit U.S. No. 2 (all types).

Prunes Models No. 6 and No. 7

No. 6...............................................

No. 7...............................................

Minimum color for Fairly Well Colored.

Minimum color for U.S. No. 1 Italian prune.

Sweetpotatoes Models No. 1 to No. 5

No. 1...............................................

No. 2...............................................

No. 3...............................................

No. 4...............................................

No. 5...............................................

Maximum veining permitted in U.S. Extra No. 1.

Maximum veining permitted in U.S. No. 1.

Not U.S. No. 1 account of roughness.

Not U.S. No. 1 account of roughness.

Not U.S. No. 1 account of roughness.

Tangerines Models 3-7 and 9

No. 3...............................................

No. 4...............................................

No. 5...............................................

No. 6...............................................

No. 7...............................................

No. 9...............................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for green spots. Also shows good shade of 

yellow color for U.S. No. 1 (not borderline).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for Green Spots.

Green Spots permitted in U.S. No. 2.

Green Spots not permitted in U.S. No. 2.

Not lower limit U.S. Fancy for Deep Tangerine Color.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for minimum yellow color and for maximum 

area for green color.

Tomatoes, Color classifications

Green, Breakers, Turning, Pink, Light Red, and Red
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

75

Tomatoes, Shape and Smoothness Models 9, 11, 11A, 13A, 14, 15, 15B, 17, 17A, 18, 21, 21B, 22A, 27, 

and 29

No. 9...............................................

No. 11.............................................

No. 11A...........................................

No. 13A...........................................

No. 14.............................................

No. 15.............................................

No. 15B...........................................

No. 17.............................................

No. 17A...........................................

No. 18.............................................

No. 21.............................................

No. 21B...........................................

No. 22A...........................................

No. 27.............................................

No. 29.............................................

U.S. No. 1.

Lower limit, U.S. no. 1.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2.

U.S. No. 3.

U.S. No. 2.

Lower limit U.S. No 2.

Lower limit U.S. No 3.

Tomatoes, Growth Cracks

No. 33............................................. Lower limit U.S. No. 3.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

76

FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS AND 

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS: 2 X 2 SLIDES

(Slides not available but photos may be developed from them)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

77

Apples, Russeting Slides 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, and 119

111.................................................

112.................................................

113.................................................

115.................................................

118.................................................................

119.................................................................

Near upper limit U.S. No. 1 for Smooth Solid Russeting (both sides 

same apple).

Near upper limit U.S. No. 1 for combination Smooth Solid and Netlike Russeting (both sides same apple).

Lower limit U.S. Fancy for Smooth Net-like Russeting (both sides 

same apple).

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for combination Smooth Solid and Smooth 

Net-like Russeting.

Upper limit U.S. Utility for combination Smooth Solid and Smooth 

Net-like Russeting on Golden Delicious.

Near upper limit U.S. Utility for combination Smooth Solid and 

Smooth Net-like Russeting.

Apples, Stem Cavity Browning Slides 120, 121, and 122

120.................................................................

121.................................................................

122.................................................................

U.S. Utility for Stem Cavity Browning (indicating brown core) on 

McIntosh.

Cull for Stem Cavity Browning (indicating brown core) on McIntosh.

Cull for Stem Cavity Browning (indicating brown core) on McIntosh.

Apples, Hail Marks Slides 123 and 125 to129

123.................................................................

125.................................................................

126.................................................................

127................................................................

128................................................................

129................................................................

Either lower limit U.S. Fancy or U.S. No. 1 for Hail Marks (consider 

area only).

U.S. Fancy or U.S. No. 1 for Hail Marks.

Lower limit U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 for Hail Marks.

More than slightly depressed – U.S. Utility for Hail Marks.

Both lower limit U.S. No. 1 and U.S. Fancy.

Right: U.S. Utility, left: U.S. Fancy or U.S. No. 1.

Apples, Invisible Watercore Slides 297 to 302

297.................................................................

298.................................................................

299.................................................................

300.................................................................

301.................................................................

302.................................................................

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – none damaged.

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – none damaged.

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – none damaged.

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – lower left damaged, other 3 

not damaged.

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – all damaged.

Invisible Watercore: 4 separate apples – all damaged.

Apples, Color Slides 303 to 306 and 420

303.................................................................

304.................................................................

305.................................................................

306.................................................................

Red Delicious color: Small area of good red, stripes of compensating 

color, and areas of no color.

Red Delicious color: Streaks of compensating color.

Red Delicious color: Small area of good red, stripes of compensating 

color, and areas of no color.

Red Delicious color: Streaks of compensating color, no good red.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

78

420................................................................. Red Delicious color: Few spots good red; most stripes are 

compensating color; some faded stripes are on color.

Apples, Shape Slides 307 and 308

307.................................................................

308................................................................

Upper limit U.S. Utility on Red Delicious.

Upper limit U.S. Utility on Red Delicious.

Apples, Various Defects Slides 116, 409 to 418, 421, 422, 426, and 427

116.................................................................

409................................................................

410................................................................

411................................................................

412................................................................

413................................................................

414.................................................................

415................................................................

416................................................................

417................................................................

418................................................................

421................................................................

422................................................................

426.................................................................

427................................................................

ID only: Red Banded Leaf Roller.

Johnathan Spot.

Frost Injury.

Active Apple Scab (not Storage Scab).

Bitter Pit.

Soft Scald.

Cedar Rust.

Scald.

Internal Breakdown following Watercore.

Johnathan Spot.

Apple Maggot Injury.

Bull’s Eye Rot in initial stages.

Bull’s Eye Rot in advanced stages.

Moldy enlarged seed cavity – not injured.

Moldy enlarged seed cavity – serious damage.

Apples for Processing

Slides 1 through 14 - Training Series

Cabbage for Processing

Slide 108....................................................... Tipburn.

Cantaloups, Netting Slides 247 to 251

247.................................................................

248................................................................

249.................................................................

250.................................................................

251.................................................................

Lower limit Well Netted.

Lower limit Well netted. Ground spot shows some netting. Both 

sides same melon.

Lower limit Fairly Well Netted (both sides same melon).

Well Netted (Edisto variety).

Fairly Well Netted (Edisto variety).

Cantaloups, Various Defects Slides 252 to 256

252.................................................................

253.................................................................

254.................................................................

Damage by Scarring (both sides same melon).

Surface Mold in stem scar. Pass at destination if no decay.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 at destination for Surface Mold. Green 

sutures do not materially affect appearance.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

79

255.................................................................

256.................................................................

Serious damage by Watersoaked Rind.

Serious damage by Watersoaked Rind and Stem End Cracks.

Cucumbers, Shape Slides 215 to 222

215.................................................

216.................................................

217.................................................

218.................................................

219.................................................

220.................................................

221.................................................

222.................................................

Both lower limit U.S. No. 2 for shape.

Shape: Top-lower limit U.S. No. 1. Center-upper limit U.S. No. 2. 

Bottom-U.S. No. 2.

Shape: Top-upper limit U.S. No. 2. Center-U.S. No. 2. Bottomlower limit U.S. No. 1.

All lower limit U.S. No. 2 for shape.

Shape: Top-upper limit U.S. No. 2. Bottom-cull.

Shape: Top-lower limit U.S. Fancy. Center-upper limit U.S. No. 1. 

Bottom-upper limit U.S. No. 2.

Shape: Top-lower limit U.S. No. 2. Center-upper limit U.S. No. 2. 

Bottom-U.S. No. 1.

All U.S. No. 1 for shape.

Grapefruit, Defects Slides 93, 94, 179, 180, and 183 to 190

93...................................................

94...................................................

179.................................................

180.................................................

183.................................................

184.................................................

185.................................................

186.................................................

187.................................................

188.................................................

198.................................................

190.................................................

Melanose: Upper left-U.S. No. 1. Upper right-U.S. No. 1 Russet. 

Bottom-U.S. No. 2 (not U.S. No. 1 account Caked Melanose).

Discoloration: Upper right-U.S. No. 2 account pattern (subject to 

restriction on area). Other 2-U.S. No. 1 Russet.

Both U.S. No. 1 for color.

U.S. No. 2 for Caked Melanose.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for discoloration with pitting.

U.S. No. 2 (both sides same fruit) for Green Spots.

U.S. No. 2 (both sides same fruit) for Green Spots.

U.S. No. 2 (both sides same fruit) for color and Green Spots.

Both U.S. No. 1 Russet for discoloration (all discoloration visible).

Both U.S. No. 2 for hard to rough scarring.

U.S. No. 1 Bronze for Rust Mite (discoloration).

Upper limit U.S. No. 3 for Buckskin.

Limes, White Fly Slides 103 and 104

103.................................................

104.................................................

All lower limit U.S. No. 1 for White Fly Discoloration.

All lower limit U.S. No. 2 for White Fly Discoloration

Nectarines, Defects Slides 191 and 193 to 199

191.................................................

193.................................................

194.................................................

195.................................................

196.................................................

197.................................................

Rough Russeting on Early LeGrand.

Smooth Solid Russeting on Late LeGrand.

Rough Russeting at blossom end and Speckling at center of fruit on 

Early LeGrand.

Damaged by excessive Smooth Solid and Rough Russeting, and deep 

Growth Crack on Late LeGrand.

Left-damaged by Staining. Right-showing Rough Russeting. Both 

on Early LeGrand.

Left-appearance not materially affected for Staining. Right-damaged 

(materially affecting appearance) by Staining. Both Early LeGrand.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

80

198.................................................

199.................................................

Speckling on Sunrise.

Appearance not materially affecting appearance by Staining on 

Sunrise.

Onions Slides 133 and 1 through 39

133.................................................

1 through 39......................................

Permissible shapes for Babosa Grano

Training series.

Oranges Slides 95 and 96

95...................................................

96...................................................

U.S. No. 3, serious damage by deep scar.

Damage by Scale (blotch exceeding area of 5/8” circle on 3” orange).

Oranges, FL, Freezing Injury Slides 174 to 178

174.................................................

175.................................................

176.................................................

177.................................................

First cut to juice sacs.

First 1/4 inch cut permitted in U.S. No. 1.

Second 1/4 inch cut permitted as damage.

Mushy condition in center of fruit.

Oranges, FL, Scarring

Slide 178.......................................... Left-U.S. No. 1 for scarring. Center-U.S. No. 1 for russeting. RightU.S. No. 1 for scarring.

Peaches, Defects Slides 8 to 10, 14 to 24, 106, 132, 230 to 237, 263 to 265, 267 to 

273, 275, 281, 285, and 286

8....................................................

9....................................................

10..................................................

14..................................................

15...................................................

16..................................................

17...................................................

18..................................................

19...................................................

20...................................................

21 

22...................................................

23...................................................

24...................................................

Left-U.S. No. 2 (ignore scab) for San Jose Scale. Right-U.S. No. 1 

(aggregate 1/4” circle) for San Jose Scale.

Both culls for Scab.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for enlarged seam (for varieties 

characteristically having raised seams).

Score against all grades for Immature.

Oriental Peach Moth (exaggerated).

Curculio (hole exaggerated). Show yellow color characteristic of 

injury. Score against all grades.

Score against all grades for Curculio injury.

Upper two-seriously damaged by Sprayburn. Lower-damage by 

Sprayburn.

Left-light scar exceeding 1/2” area. Right-not light colored for 

Scarring.

Left-serious damage by scarring. Right-damage by scarring.

Left-damage by Surface Hail Injury (area exceeds 1/4” circle). 

Right-not damaged by Surface Hail Injury (no depth).

Damage by Deep Hail Injury.

Left-serious damage by Deep Hail Injury. Right-damage by Deep 

Hail Injury.

Cold Damage (scored on appearance). Cut doubtful spots to see if 
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

81

106.................................................

132.................................................

230.................................................

231.................................................

232.................................................

233.................................................

234.................................................

235.................................................

236.................................................

237.................................................

263.................................................

426.................................................

265.................................................

267.................................................

268.................................................

269.................................................

270.................................................

271.................................................

272.................................................

273.................................................

275.................................................

281.................................................

285.................................................

286.................................................

flesh affected.

Left-Not U.S. No. 1. Damaged by Bacterial Spot. Right-lower limit 

U.S. No. 1.

Left-upper limit for U.S. No. 2 and Right-U.S. No. 2. Both for shape 

(Duke of Georgia, Merrill Gem, or similar varieties).

U.S. No. 2 for Split Pit.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Spray Injury (Sulphur Burn).

U.S. No. 2 for Hail Damage (more than 1/4”)

U.S. No. 2 for Hail Damage (deep).

Both photos U.S. No. 1 for Scab (left photo near lower limit).

Left-U.S. No. 2 (damage account area) for Scab. Right-cull (serious 

damage account cracks).

U.S. No. 2 for Bacterial Spot (cracked).

Left-U.S. No. 2 and right-cull for Bacterial Spot (cracked).

U.S. No. 2 for Smooth Scar (over 1/2” diameter).

Near lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Smooth Scar (approximately 1/2” in 

diameter).

U.S. No. 2 for Split Pit (over 1/16” but less than 1/16” in width).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for Split Pit ((3/16” in width).

Cull for Split Pit (slightly over 3/16” in width).

U.S. No. 1 for Split Pit (visible portion less than 1/16” in width).

Cull for Split Pit (stem missing, over 3/16” in width).

U.S. No. 2 for Scab (over 3/8” aggregate area).

U.S. No. 2 for San Jose Scale (no scale present and spots aggregate 

less than 1/2” in diameter, but materially detracts from appearance).

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Hail Scar (healed, shallow, 1/4” in 

diameter).

Cull for Oriental Moth (serious damage to internal flesh).

U.S. No. 2 for Bruise (1/2” in diameter, 1/4” in depth).

U.S. No. 1 for Bruise (less than 1/2” in diameter, less than 3/16” in 

depth).

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Bruise (1/2” in diameter, 3/16” in depth).

Peanuts Slides 423 to 425

423.................................................

424.................................................

425.................................................

Spotted Flesh Discoloration on peanut kernels. Pass numbers 2 

through 5. Score numbers 7, 8, and 12 as damaged. Remainder 

“minor defects.”

Top row-not raisins and bottom row-raisins for farmers’ stock.

Adhering dirt on peanut kernels. Pass numbers 1 through 4. Score 

numbers 8 and 10 as damaged. Remainder “minor defects.”

Peanuts, Safety Slide Series

Slides 1 through 27............................. Safety series.

Peanuts, Sampling and Grading 

Series

Slides 1 through 38.............................

Slides 1 through 69.............................

Sampling series.

Grading series.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

82

Pears, Defects Slides 134, 135, and 258 to 260

134.................................................

135.................................................

258.................................................

259.................................................

260.................................................

Thinly scattered Pear Psylla.

A-moderately scattered and B-heavily concentrated Pear Psylla.

U.S. No. 2 (not a limit) for Lenticel Russeting on Bartlett.

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for Sprayburn, Aphid Injury, or Pear Psylla 

on Bartlett.

Cull for combination of slightly rough and rough russeting on 

Bartlett (both sides same pear).

Pears, Russeting Slides 238 to 242

238.................................................

239.................................................

240.................................................

241.................................................

242.................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for thick (not rough) Anjou Russeting (both 

sides same pear).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for combination slightly rough and slightly 

frogging Anjou Russeting (both sides same pear).

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for thick Anjou Russeting (both sides same 

pear).

Upper limit U.S. No. 2 for combination of smooth solid and slightly 

rough Anjou Russeting (both sides same pear).

U.S. No. 2 (not a limit) for thick Anjou Russeting and limb scratches 

aggregating more than 3/4” (both sides same pear).

Pears, Shape Slides 244 to 246

244.................................................

245.................................................

246.................................................

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 on Anjou.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 on Anjou.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 on Anjou.

Plums, Scarring

Slide 107.......................................... Both patterns considered scarring.

Sweetpotatoes 228 and 229

228.................................................

229.................................................

ID only: Cucumber Beetle Injury.

ID only: Cucumber Beetle Injury.

Tomatoes, Defects 100 to 102, 223, and 224

100.................................................

101.................................................

102.................................................

223.................................................

224.................................................

ID only: Alternaria Rot at stem scar.

Ghost Spot: Not U.S. No. 1.

Hollow Stem: Not U.S. No. 1. Both damaged by Hollow Stem.

ID only: Bacterial Spot.

Bacterial Spot and Scar: Lower U.S. No. 1.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

83

Tomatoes (Greenhouse), Shape Slides 1 to 11

1....................................................

2....................................................

3....................................................

4....................................................

5....................................................

6....................................................

7....................................................

8....................................................

9....................................................

10..................................................

11..................................................

U.S. No. 1: Maximum allowed for Fairly Well Formed.

U.S. No. 1: Fairly Well Formed. 

U.S. No. 2: Reasonably Well Formed.

U.S. No. 2: Reasonably Well Formed.

U.S. No. 2: Reasonably Well Formed.

U.S. No. 2: Maximum allowed for Reasonably Well Formed.

U.S. No. 2: Maximum allowed for Reasonably Well Formed.

Cull.

Cull.

Cull.

Cull.

Tomatoes for Processing

Slides 310 to 386................................ Sequence on color evaluation inspection, including A-1 to A-9 

(Agtron Colorimeter).

Watermelons, Defects Slides 44 to 52, 54, 56 to 64, 206 to 211, and 213

44...................................................

45..................................................

46..................................................

47..................................................

48..................................................

49..................................................

50..................................................

51..................................................

52..................................................

54..................................................

56..................................................

57..................................................

58..................................................

59..................................................

60..................................................

61...................................................

62..................................................

63..................................................

64...................................................

206.................................................

207.................................................

208.................................................

209.................................................

210.................................................

211.................................................

213.................................................

U.S. No. 2, all damaged by Hail Injury.

Left: U.S. No. 2, damaged by Scarring; Right: U.S. No. 2, damaged 

by Hail.

Rind Worm Injury: Left: Upper limit U.S. No. 2 (damaged); Right: 

Cull (seriously damaged).

Whiteheart showing characteristic ridging (see Slide 49).

Whiteheart showing characteristic ridging (see slide 49).

Whiteheart scorable against all grades (note ridging, slides 47 & 48).

Whiteheart: Cull.

Whiteheart: Slightly affected at end but meets U.S. No. 1 if 

sufficient red color.

Immature showing external indication.

Immature showing external indication.

Hollow Heart showing external indication (see slide 57).

Hollow Heart: Cull (see slide 56).

Hollow Hear showing external indication (see slide 59).

Hollow Heart: Cull (see slide 58).

Damaged by Sunburn (30 pound melon).

Sunscald: Cull.

ID only: Decay following Sunburn.

ID only: Anthracnose.

Not Anthracnose: Note absence of pitting. Score on appearance.

Lower limit U.S. No. 1 for Rind Worm Injury on Charleston Gray.

U.S. No. 1 for Scarring on Charleston Gray.

U.S. No. 1 for Scarring on Charleston Gray.

Hollow Heart showing external indication (U.S. No. 1 for shape).

U.S. No. 2 for Hollow Heart on Charleston Gray.

U.S. No. 2, damaged by Rind Worm.

Immature showing external indication on Charleston Gray.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

84

Watermelons, Shape 40 to 42, 65, and 212

40...................................................

41..................................................

42..................................................

65..................................................

212.................................................

ID only: Illustration of mixed varieties

Lower limit U.S. No. 2 for shape on Long Type.

Long Type: Left: Upper limit U.S. No. 2, Center: U.S. No. 2, 

Right: Lower limit U.S. No. 1.

Upper limit U.S. No. 2.

Lower Limit U.S. No. 1 on Charleston Gray and similar varieties.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

85

FRESH CITRUS: 2 X 2 SLIDES OF USDA

VISUAL AID CIT-(FL)-L-1 FEBRUARY 

1973

(Slides not available but photos may be developed from them)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

86

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Color Slides 1 and 2

1.....................................................................

2.....................................................................

Fairly Well Colored.

Reasonably Well Colored

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Texture Slides 3 and 4

3.....................................................................

4....................................................................

Fairly Smooth.

Slightly Rough.

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Varietal 

Characteristics

Slides 5 to 16

5.....................................................................

6.....................................................................

7.....................................................................

8.....................................................................

9.....................................................................

10...................................................................

11...................................................................

12...................................................................

13...................................................................

14...................................................................

15...................................................................

16...................................................................

Valencia (Late Type).

Valencia (Late Type) – cut view.

Pineapple (Midseason Type).

Pineapple (Midseason Type) – cut view.

Hamlin (Early Type).

Hamlin (Early Type) – cut view.

Minneola (Tangelo).

Minneola (Tangelo) – cut view.

Orlando (Tangelo).

Orlando (Tangelo) – cut view.

Navel.

Navel – cut view.

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Shape Slides 17 to 20

17...................................................................

18...................................................................

19...................................................................

20...................................................................

Well Formed.

Well Formed.

Slightly Misshapen.

Misshapen.

FL Oranges/Tangelos, 

Discoloration

Slides 21 to 24

21...................................................................

22...................................................................

23...................................................................

24...................................................................

Superficial Scars.

Superficial Scars.

Rust Mite.

Speck Type Melanose.

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Free From 

Defects

Slides 25 to 28

25...................................................................

26...................................................................

27...................................................................

28...................................................................

Cuts not healed.

Buckskin.

Bruises – cut view.

Growth Crack.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

87

FL Oranges/Tangelso, Decay Slides 29 to 35

29...................................................................

30...................................................................

31...................................................................

32...................................................................

33...................................................................

34...................................................................

35...................................................................

Green Mold Rot.

Blue Mold Rot.

Sour Rot.

Brown Rot.

Side Rot.

Stem-end Rot.

Black Rot.

FL Oranges/Tangelos, Defects Slides 36 to 39, 41 to 49, and 51 to 74

36...................................................................

37...................................................................

39...................................................................

41...................................................................

42...................................................................

43...................................................................

44...................................................................

45...................................................................

46...................................................................

47...................................................................

48...................................................................

49...................................................................

51...................................................................

52...................................................................

53...................................................................

54...................................................................

55...................................................................

56...................................................................

57...................................................................

58...................................................................

59...................................................................

60...................................................................

61...................................................................

62...................................................................

63...................................................................

64...................................................................

65...................................................................

66...................................................................

67...................................................................

68...................................................................

69...................................................................

70...................................................................

71...................................................................

72...................................................................

73...................................................................

74...................................................................

Cake Melanose – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Cake Melanose – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Creasing – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Creasing – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Green Spots – U.S. No. 3.

Hail – U.S. No. 1.

Hail – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Hail – U.S. No. 3.

Oil Spots – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Oil Spots – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scab – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scab – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – U.S. No. 3.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – U.S. No. 3.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scale – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scale – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Skin Breakdown – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Skin Breakdown – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Skin breakdown – U.S. No. 3.

Sprayburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Sprayburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 (slide 65 peeled view).

Split, rough, or protruding navel – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Split, rough, or protruding navel – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Thorn Scratches – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Thorn Scratches – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Thorn Scratches – U.S. No. 3.

Pulled Stem – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Pulled Stem – maximum allowed for U.S. no. 2.

Pulled Stem – U.S. No. 3.

FL Grapefruit, Color

Slide 76.......................................................... Fairly Well Colored.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

88

FL Grapefruit, Shape Slides 76 and 76A

76....................................................................

76A.................................................................

Well Formed.

Well Formed.

FL Grapefruit, Varietal 

Characteristics

Slides 77 to 84

77....................................................................

78....................................................................

79....................................................................

80....................................................................

81....................................................................

82....................................................................

83....................................................................

84....................................................................

Seeded (White).

Seeded (White) – cut view.

Seeded (Pink).

Seeded (Pink) – cut view.

Seedless (White).

Seedless (White) – cut view.

Seedless (Pink).

Seedless (Pink) – cut view.

FL Grapefruit, Discoloration Slides 85 to 88

85....................................................................

86....................................................................

87....................................................................

88....................................................................

Superficial Scars.

Speck Type Melanose – maximum allowed (entire surface).

Rust Mite.

Rust Mite.

FL Grapefruit, Defects Slides 89 to 112

89....................................................................

90....................................................................

91....................................................................

92....................................................................

93....................................................................

94....................................................................

95....................................................................

96....................................................................

97....................................................................

98....................................................................

99....................................................................

100..................................................................

101..................................................................

102..................................................................

103..................................................................

104..................................................................

105..................................................................

106..................................................................

107..................................................................

108..................................................................

109..................................................................

110..................................................................

111..................................................................

112..................................................................

Buckskin – Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1

Buckskin – Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Caked Melanose – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Hail – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Hail – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Hail – U.S. No. 3.

Oil Spots – Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Oil Spots – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Oil Spots – U.S. No. 3.

Scale, Ring – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scale, Blotch – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Skin Breakdown – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Skin Breakdown – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sprayburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Thorn Scratches – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sunburn – Maximum allowed for U.S. no. 1.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 (slide 108 peeled view).

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. no. 2 (slide 110 peeled view).

Sprouting – cut view.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

89

FL Tangerines, Shape Slides 113 to 115

113..................................................................

114..................................................................

115..................................................................

Well Formed.

Fairly Well Formed.

Misshapen.

FL Tangerines, Texture

Slide 116........................................................ Not seriously lumpy.

FL Tangerines, Firmness

Slide 117........................................................ Badly Puffy.

FL Tangerines, Color Slides 118 and 119

118..................................................................

119..................................................................

Fairly Well Colored.

Fairly Well Colored.

FL Tangerines, Varietal 

Characteristics

Slides 120 to 125

120.................................................................

121.................................................................

122.................................................................

123.................................................................

124.................................................................

125.................................................................

Honey Tangerine.

Honey Tangerine – cut view.

Robinson.

Robinson – cut view.

Dancy.

Dancy – cut view.

FL Tangerines, Defects Slides 126 to 129, 131 to 142, and 145 to 148

126.................................................................

127.................................................................

128.................................................................

129.................................................................

131.................................................................

132.................................................................

133.................................................................

134.................................................................

135.................................................................

136.................................................................

137.................................................................

138.................................................................

139.................................................................

140.................................................................

141.................................................................

142.................................................................

145.................................................................

146.................................................................

Buckskin – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Green Spots – U.S. No. 3.

Scale, Red – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scale, Purple – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Oil Spots- maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Scars – U. S. No 3.

Scars – U.S. No. 3.

Skin Breakdown – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Skin Breakdown – U.S. No. 3.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Sunburn – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 (slide 141 peeled view).

Unsightly Discoloration – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Unsightly Discoloration – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

90

147..................................................................

148..................................................................

Hail – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Clipper Cut – cut unhealed.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

91

FRESH POTATOES: 2 X 2 SLIDES OF 

OFFICIAL VISUAL AIDS FOR POTATOES 

USDA VISUAL AID POT.-L-1 MAY 1998

(Slides not available but photos may be developed from them)
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

92

Potatoes, Firmness Slides 1 and 2

1.....................................................................

2....................................................................

Not shriveled or flabby – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Not seriously shriveled or flabby – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Potatoes, Cleanness Slides 3 to 10

3.....................................................................

4.....................................................................

4.....................................................................

6.....................................................................

7.....................................................................

8.....................................................................

9.....................................................................

10...................................................................

Clean (dry) – maximum allowed.*

Clean (wet) – maximum allowed.*

Fairly Clean (dry) – maximum allowed.*

Fairly Clean (wet) – maximum allowed.*

Slightly Dirty (dry) – maximum allowed.*

Slightly Dirty (wet) – maximum allowed.*

Not Seriously Damaged by Dirt – maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

Not Seriously Damaged by Dirt – maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, Shape Slides 11 to 22

11...................................................................

12...................................................................

13...................................................................

14...................................................................

15...................................................................

16...................................................................

17...................................................................

18...................................................................

19...................................................................

20...................................................................

21...................................................................

22...................................................................

Well Shaped – maximum allowed.

Well Shaped – maximum allowed.

Well Shaped – maximum allowed.

Fairly Well Shaped – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Fairly Well Shaped – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Fairly Well Shaped – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Fairly Well Shaped – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Not Seriously Misshapen – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Not Seriously Misshapen – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Not Seriously Misshapen – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Not Seriously Misshapen – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Not Seriously Misshapen – maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Skinning Slides 23 to 26

23...................................................................

24...................................................................

25...................................................................

26...................................................................

Practically No Skinning.

Slightly Skinned.

Moderately Skinned.

Badly Skinned.

Potatoes, Free From Defects Slides 27 to 39

27...................................................................

28...................................................................

29...................................................................

30...................................................................

31...................................................................

32...................................................................

33...................................................................

34...................................................................

35...................................................................

Blackheart.

Blackheart.

Freezing injury (dry type).

Freezing Injury (internal).

Freezing injury (wet/leaking).

Late Blight Tuber Rot

Late Blight Tuber Rot.

Late Blight Tuber Rot.

Bacterial Ring Rot.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

93

36...................................................................

37...................................................................

38...................................................................

39...................................................................

Bacterial Ring Rot.

Southern bacterial Wilt (Brown Rot).

Southern Bacterial Wilt (Brown Rot).

Bacterial Soft Rot (Slimy Soft Rot).

Potatoes, Identification Only Slides 40 to 93 (including 47A)

40...................................................................

41...................................................................

42...................................................................

43...................................................................

44...................................................................

45...................................................................

46...................................................................

47...................................................................

47A................................................................

48...................................................................

49...................................................................

50...................................................................

51...................................................................

52...................................................................

53...................................................................

54...................................................................

55...................................................................

56...................................................................

57...................................................................

58...................................................................

59...................................................................

60...................................................................

61...................................................................

62...................................................................

63...................................................................

64...................................................................

65...................................................................

66...................................................................

67...................................................................

68...................................................................

69...................................................................

70...................................................................

71...................................................................

72...................................................................

73...................................................................

74...................................................................

75...................................................................

76...................................................................

77...................................................................

78...................................................................

79...................................................................

80...................................................................

81...................................................................

82...................................................................

83...................................................................

84...................................................................

85...................................................................

86...................................................................

87...................................................................

Alternaria Tuber Rot (Early Blight).

Alternaria Tuber Rot (Early Blight).

Blackleg.

Blackleg.

Charcoal Rot.

Charcoal Rot.

Corky Ring Spot.

Corky Ring Spot.

Corky Ring Spot.

Enlarged Lenticels (coalesced).

Enlarged Lenticels (raised).

Flea Beetle.

Fusarium Tuber Rot.

Fusarium Tuber Rot.

Glassy End Rot (Jelly End Rot).

Grass.

Greening.

Grub.

Grub.

Heat or Water Damage.

Heat or Water Damage.

Ingrown Sprouts.

Ingrown Sprouts – cut view.

Internal Black Spot.

Internal Brown Spot.

Internal Brown Spot.

Leak.

Leak.

Mahogany Browning.

Mahogany Browning.

Nematode.

Net Necrosis.

Net Necrosis.

Pink Eye.

Pink Eye – cut view.

Pink Eye.

Pink Rot.

Pink Rot.

Rodent Damage.

Scab, Surface.

Sclerotium Rot.

Sclerotium Rot – cut view.

Silver Scurf.

Silver Scurf.

Skin Spots.

Skin Spots.

Stem End Browning.

Sunburn.

Sunburn – cut view.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

94

88...................................................................

89...................................................................

90...................................................................

91...................................................................

92...................................................................

93...................................................................

Tuber Moth.

Tuber Moth – cut view.

Vascular Discoloration.

Vascular Discoloration.

Worm Damage.

Worm Damage – cut view.

Potatoes, Aircracks Slides 94 to 96

94...................................................................

95...................................................................

96...................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Bruises Slides 97 to 99

97...................................................................

98...................................................................

99...................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Cuts Slides 100 and 101

100.................................................................

101.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Potatoes, Enlarged Lenticels Slides 105 to 107

105.................................................................

106.................................................................

107.................................................................

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, External Discoloration Slides 108 to 113

108.................................................................

109.................................................................

110.................................................................

111.................................................................

112.................................................................

113.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, Folded End Slides 114 to 117

114.................................................................

115.................................................................

116.................................................................

117.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

95

Potatoes, Growth Cracks Slides 118 to 120

118.................................................................

119.................................................................

120.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Hollow Heart Slides 121 and 122

121.................................................................

122.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Internal Discoloration Slides 123 and 124

123.................................................................

124.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Rhizoctonia Slides 125 and 126

125.................................................................

126.................................................................

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, Russeting Slides 127 and 128 (for non-russet type varieties)

127.................................................................

128.................................................................

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, Scab (Pitted) Slides 129 and 130

129.................................................................

130.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Second Growth Slides 131 and 132

131.................................................................

132.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Potatoes, Skin Checks Slides 134 and 135

134.................................................................

135.................................................................

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

96

Potatoes, Sprouts (Clusters)

Slide 136....................................................... Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Potatoes, Flattened or Depressed 

Areas

Slide 137....................................................... Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Potatoes, Sunken Discolored 

Areas

Slide 138....................................................... Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

Potatoes, Surface Cracks Slides 139 to 142

139.................................................................

140.................................................................

141.................................................................

142.................................................................

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1.

Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 2.

Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.

Potatoes, Scab (Russet)

Slide 143....................................................... Maximum allowed* for U.S. No. 1.

*Equal amount or less allowed on opposite side.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

97

PROCESSED FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND 

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

98

Color Standards

Apple Butter (August 2002)

USDA color standards in the form of two bi-colored laminated vinyl 

chips. The USDA canned apple butter color standards represent 

minimum color requirements as specified in the U.S. Standards for 

Grades of Canned Apple Butter, U.S. Grade “A” and “C”.

Beans, Canned Lima (August 2005)

USDA color standards in the form of a bi-colored laminated vinyl chip. 

Represents both lima bean green and lima bean white. For use in 

classifying color as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned 

Lima Beans.

Beans, Frozen Lima (June 2002)

USDA color standards in the form of a bi-colored laminated vinyl chip. 

Represents both lima bean green and lima bean white (thin-seeded). For 

use in classifying color as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of 

Frozen Lima Beans, U.S. Grade “A”, “B”, and “C”.

Cherries, Frozen Red Tart (May 2003)

USDA color standard in the form of a laminated vinyl chip. The USDA 

frozen red tart cherries color standard represents minimum red color 

requirements as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Red 

Tart Pitted Cherries, U.S. Grade “A”.

Honey (September 2003)

Two metal comparator racks with plastic color standards representing 

water white, extra white, white, extra light amber, light amber, and amber 

as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Honey. Sample bottles 

are included.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

99

Molasses, Sugarcane (September 2003)

Metal comparator rack with plastic color standards representing No. 1, 

No. 2, and No. 3 as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of 

Molasses. Sample bottles are included. 

Mushrooms, Canned (June 2002)

USDA color standards in plastic 2x3 inch color chips. Colors 1, 2, 3, 4, 

and 5 representing cap and gill color, applicable to the U.S. Standards for 

Grades of Canned Mushrooms, white or cream type, U.S. Grade “A” and 

“B.” Available as a set.

Olives, Canned Ripe (March 1994)

USDA color standards in the form of a bi-colored laminated vinyl chip. 

Depicts the two appropriate USDA composite color standards. For use in 

classifying color for canned ripe olives.

Orange Juice – Processed (1983 edition)

USDA color standards in the form of six plastic tubes. The USDA colors 

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent processed orange juice points of reference 

corresponding to the color scores 40 points through 36 points, 

respectively. The six tubes are available as a set in the 1983 edition. 

Peaches, Canned Clingstone (January 2011)

USDA color standards in laminated tri-color vinyl chip. Applicable to 

the U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned Clingstone Peaches, U.S. Grade 

“A”, “B”, and “C”.

Peanut Butter (June 2002)

USDA color standards in plastic 2x3 inch color chips. Colors 1, 2, 3, and 

4 are available as a set as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of 

Peanut Butter, U.S. Grade “A” and “B”.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

100

Peas, Frozen (April 2000)

USDA color standards in the form of six laminated vinyl chips. 

Applicable to the U.S. Standards for Grades of Frozen Peas. Colors 1, 2, 

3, 4, 5, and 6 are available as a set.

Pimientos, Canned (May 1996 and June 2003)

USDA color standards in the form of a bi-colored laminated vinyl chip. 

The color standards represent both pimiento red and pimiento reddishyellow as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned 

Pimientos.

Potatoes, Frozen French Fried (5th edition 2007)

USDA color standards in the form of a printed one –page leaflet. This 

leaflet depicts a series of seven French fried potato units in graduated 

shades of ‘fry” color.

Pumpkin/Squash, Canned (November 2002)

USDA color standards in the form of a bi-colored laminated vinyl chip. 

The USDA canned pumpkin and canned squash color standards represent 

minimum color requirements as specified in the U.S. Standards for 

Grades of Canned Pumpkin and U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned 

Squash, U.S. Grade “A” and “C”.

 

Sauerkraut, Canned (October 1957 edition)

USDA color standards for canned sauerkraut, in the form of textured 

plastic disks, include limits for the predominating characteristic color and 

brightness of the product. The slightly greenish color in U.S. Grade B is 

represented by No. 1B (Serial No. 12150) and the darkest limit of cream 

to light straw in U.S. Grade B is represented by No. 2 (Serial No. 12151).
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

101

Tomatoes, Canned (September 2002)

USDA color standard in the form of a laminated vinyl chip. The USDA 

canned tomatoes color standard represents minimum red color 

requirements as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned 

Tomatoes, U.S. Grade “C” or better. 

Tomato Products (December 2000)

Tomato Juice, Tomato Puree, Tomato Paste, and Tomato Catsup:

USDA color standards in the form of two bi-colored laminated vinyl 

chips. Represents selected minimum red color for U.S. Standards for 

Grades of Tomato Juice, Tomato Paste, Tomato Puree, and Tomato 

Catsup for U.S. Grades “A” and “C”. A spinner is not required to use 

this version of the tomato products color standards.

Color standards that are no longer available, but still applicable:

1. Sugarcane Sirup (previously supplied by Virtis Company). 

Use USDA color standards for honey, “White”, “Extra Light 

Amber,” and “Light Amber” for sugar cane sirup designations 

No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, respectively. 

2. Sulphur Brined Cherries (previously supplied by Munsell 

Color Services, X-Rite Inc., formerly GretagMacbeth).

3. Canned Freestone Peaches (previously supplied by Agtron 

Inc.)

4. Tomato Products (spinner disks, previously supplied by 

Munsell Color Services, X-Rite Inc.)

5. Frozen Red Tart Cherries (previously supplied by Agtron 

Inc.)

Photo Guides

Beans, Green & Wax (October 2001)

PG-2; Photo Guide for Frozen Green & Wax Beans depicting defects and 

character.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

102

Broccoli, Frozen (reissued May 2012)

PG-1; Photo Guide for Frozen Broccoli illustrating defects, blemishes, 

development, and trimming.

Carrot, Frozen (April 2005)

PG-10; Photo Guide for Frozen Carrots illustrating color and defects.

Corn, Canned & Frozen Whole Kernel (reissued September 2009 

and January 2012)

PG-12; Photo Guide for classifying “cut” and “pulled” kernels canned 

and frozen whole kernel corn.

Corn, Canned & Frozen Whole Kernel (reissued September 2009 

and September 2011)

PG-13; Interpretive guide illustrating discolored kernels or pieces of 

kernels in canned corn.

Corn on the Cob, Frozen (April 2014)

PG-14; Photo Guide for Frozen Corn on the Cob illustrating color and 

development.
Index of Official Visual Aids (January 2017)

103

Dates, Raisins, Prunes, and Canned Ripe Olives (July 2012)

PG-11; Photo Guide for identification and classification of dates, raisins, 

prunes, and canned ripe olives imported into the U.S.

Peanut Butter (reissued January 2008)

PG-4; Photo Guide for peanut butter illustrating dark particles in peanut 

butter.

Photo Guides that are no longer available, but still applicable:

1. PG-3 Photo Guides for Frozen and Canned Carrots 

(applicable to canned carrots ONLY) (undated)

2. PG-5 Photo Guides for Frozen Squash, Summer Type 

(undated)

3. PG-9 Photo Guides for Classifying Defects in Canned 

Peaches (undated)

4. Photo Guides for Canned Apples and Frozen Apples (June 

1969)

5. Visual Aids for Frozen Okra (October 1966)