NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING 

MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED 

 IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL 

 OF FLORIDA 

 SECOND DISTRICT 

GARY LEROY LUCAS, ) 

 ) 

 Appellant, ) 

 ) 

v. ) Case No. 2D14-4211 

 ) 

STATE OF FLORIDA, ) 

 ) 

 Appellee. ) 

 ) 

Opinion filed April 22, 2016. 

Appeal from the Circuit Court for 

Hillsborough County; J. Rogers Padgett, 

Judge. 

Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender, 

and Pamela H. Izakowitz, Assistant Public 

Defender, Bartow, for Appellant. 

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, 

Tallahassee, and Susan M. Shanahan, 

Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for 

Appellee. 

LaROSE, Judge. 

Gary Leroy Lucas appeals his judgment and ten-year prison sentence for 

leaving the scene of an accident, fleeing and attempting to elude a police officer, and 

burglary of an unoccupied structure. See §§ 316.063(1), 316.1935(1), 810.02(1)(B)(4), 

Fla. Stat. (2013). Because the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury on a 
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permissive lesser included offense, we reverse the conviction for fleeing and attempting 

to elude a police officer and remand for a new trial on that charge. We affirm, without 

further discussion, on the other issues Mr. Lucas raised. 

The officer testified at trial that as he drove up to a church to respond to a 

possible burglary, he saw Mr. Lucas get into a truck. The officer activated the 

emergency lights of his patrol car to alert Mr. Lucas of his presence. He was in full 

uniform, wearing a gun belt and badge. He approached the truck and directed Mr. 

Lucas to shut off the truck and step out. Mr. Lucas hesitated. After several more 

commands from the officer, Mr. Lucas put his truck in reverse, accelerated, backed it 

into a power pole, and drove off. Responding to the officer’s BOLO ("be-on-the-lookout" 

alert), another officer soon stopped Mr. Lucas. The first officer arrested Mr. Lucas for 

fleeing to elude and leaving the scene of a crash. The trial judge read the jurors the 

standard jury instruction for fleeing to elude a law enforcement officer1: 

To prove the crime of Fleeing to Elude a Law Enforcement 

Officer, the State must prove the following three elements 

beyond a reasonable doubt: 

1. Gary Lucas was operating a motor vehicle upon a street 

or highway in Florida. 

2. A duly authorized law enforcement officer ordered the 

defendant to stop or remain stopped. 

3. Gary Lucas, knowing he had been ordered to stop by a 

duly authorized law enforcement officer: 

 

a. willfully refused or failed to stop the vehicle in 

compliance with the order or 

 1In re Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, 73 So. 3d 136, 137-38 

(Fla. 2011) (Standard Jury Instruction 28.6, Fleeing to Elude a Law Enforcement Officer, 

§ 316.1935(1), Fla. Stat.). 
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b. having stopped the vehicle, willfully fled in a 

vehicle in an attempt to elude the officer. 

Mr. Lucas asked the trial court to also instruct the jury on the category-two permissive 

lesser included offense of disobeying a law enforcement officer, a violation of section 

316.072(3), Florida Statutes (2013). The trial court declined the request. 

There is no standard jury instruction for a violation of section 316.072(3). 

That section provides that "[i]t is unlawful and a misdemeanor of the second degree . . . 

for any person willfully to fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any 

law enforcement officer . . . ." 

A trial court must instruct the jury on a category-two lesser included 

offense if the defense requests it, the information alleges its elements, and the State 

presented proof of those elements at trial. Koch v. State, 39 So. 3d 464, 466 (Fla. 2d 

DCA 2010) (holding defendant was entitled to have jury instructed on disobeying a 

lawful order by law enforcement as a lesser included offense of fleeing and eluding). 

Mr. Lucas requested the instruction. The information tracked the 

language of section 316.1935(1) (fleeing to elude a law enforcement officer). 

Necessarily, therefore, the information alleged the elements of "willfully [failing] or 

refus[ing] to comply with any lawful order or direction of any law enforcement officer" 

under section 316.072(3). The State also presented proof of the lesser offense at trial. 

Consequently, the trial court should have instructed the jury on the permissive lesser 

offense. 

We reverse Mr. Lucas' conviction for fleeing and eluding a law 

enforcement officer and remand for a new trial on that charge. 

Affirmed, in part, reversed, in part, and remanded. 
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CASANUEVA and LUCAS, JJ., Concur.