(83)

(@s)

(85)

(86)

(37)

-16 -

3. Keep bis supply of blank certificate forms where they are
reasonably safe from use by unauthorized persons.

kh. Turn over to the Supervisor as requested, all files of
copies of issued certificates, and at the end cf the deal turn in all
supplies of unused certificate forms, unless the latter are printed oy
the processor at his own expense,

Processor Printed Certificates. If the processor wishes to pay for
the printing of the certificates §o be used by Federal-State inspectors,
he may do so, provided the portion of the form which the inspector will
use meets with the approval of the Washington office in advance of the
printing, Scme processors prefer to do this in order to provide spaces
for their ow records at the sottem of the cerbificate form. In such
cases, the Federal or State Supervisor skeuld submit a rough draft of the
proposed form to Washington for approval at a date sufficiently early to
permit the printing to be dene before the deal begins.

FIELD INSPECTION

Furpese, Scme processors orefer to have the beans graded in the field
rather than at the time of delivery to the plant, The chief purpose is to
ootain a fairly accurate determination of the stage of maturity of the
veans in the field. Advance “mowledge of the stage of maturity of the
various fields of bveans being grown for him under contract enables the
processor to order each individual field to be barvested at the approximate
timewhen it reaches its maximum potential quality for his use.

Usually the processor's field man arranges an appointment with the
grower to inspect a certain field of teams, When the inspector arrives,
the grower may have already picked a sample from the field for the
inspector's examination. The ifasnector may run a grede on this sample if
sO requested, out he should also obtain and grade a sample of his own
from the field. In that case, the grade of the two samples should be
averaged to cotein the grade to be reported for the field.

Picking Sample. The inspector, either alone or with e company field
man, Walks acrogs the field taking hendfuls of beens at reguler intervels
and varying his direction as needed to get as nearly representative
sampling as possible. He should get scme of bis sample from many parts
of the field, taking pains to see that he gets proportionate amounts
from higher or lower ground and from more fertile and less fertile por-
tions of the 2ield., The sample picked should tbe large in order to insure
proper representation.

Analysis of the Semsie is usually meade
should take his sample ccnteiners, scales, ges, carzificates,
ate, in the car with hin, The anaiysis + made ca the caesis of the
Standards or whatever ctrer specifications se zrovided in the grower's
ecmzract.

The inspector



Revised September 23, 1975 . BN-67-2(a)

Maye 10, paragraph 55, Shipping Point -10-

Inspect ion Handbook for Snap Beans for .
Processing, May 1960 .

(54)

*(55)

es

(6)

(57)

(98)

(9)

Beans should be broken at about the mid-point of their
length by bending the ends around until the bean snaps. The ease and
cleanness. with which the bean snaps are good indications of its maturity
and condition, but the appearance of bean tissue exposed. at the broken ends
is even more important. In case the bean appears to be very close to. the
line on maturity, breaking it at one or two other places may help you to
make a decision on how to grade it.

Cutting Beans. A longitudinal cross-section of the bean
permits an examination of che internal quality of the entire bean at one
xlance. At the discretion of the inspector, depending on variety and
xrowlng season, the bean can be split open either by cutting it from stem
to tip end halfway between the seams or on the séams whichever method
permits a fast and casy determination of internal quality (dryness, open
npacos, ete.) Classify the cut bean on the basis of most of its length,
even though one-third or less of it may appear to be one class higher or
lower than the Fest.

a a eS

wlence. The flesh of a tender bean, when. exposed by
breaking, should have a succulent appearance. That is, it should look
watersoaked and glassy rather than dry and pithy. The extreme outer rin
of the broken surface will normally be more opaque in appearance, as it
tormd the protective outer coating of the bean. The jelly-like tissue
tnixtie the bean may be less watersoaked in appearance close ta the seed,
bat [tt should not show. more than a slight dryness. or grayish color if the
hean fs to be permitted tn U. S. No. 1.

s showing. conspicuous internal drying and graying of the
ed. in the U. S. No. 2 grade, because they are not
“This condition may or may not be associated: with
but in ef{ther case the bean shall be excluded from

ustdeced succutent
development of fther
No. bo grade. 7”

Heans: tn ‘the more advanced Stages of dryness are considered
tough or overmature and are classed as Culls, even though they may be small
and. may appear not ta be old. The flesh of such beans. has very little or no
succulent tlisue and has become mostly pithy or whitish-gray in appearance

and trequently has. definitely noticeable air pockets around the seeds.

“ “Internal Open Spaces. Occasionally some lots of beans develop
open interlocular spaces or "air pockets" between the seeds inside of the
pod. These spaces vary greatly in size in relation to the diameter of the
pod. The tissue surrounding the spaces may be firm and succulent, but it is
more Likely to show evidence of dryness: in the form of turning gray or white
and becoming pithy. In judging the bean for succulence, the open spaces
should be tsnored if the flesh around them is succulent and normal in
appearance. However, if the flesh shows. the characteristics of developing
dryness, the bean should be handled as instructed in the foregoing paragraphs.
(Paragraphs 56-58).




UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE DIVISION
FRESH PRODUCTS STANDARDIZATION AND INSPSCLION BRANCA

SNAP BEANS FOR PROCESSING ma

The preserving cf snap beans by canning or freezing is an important
phase cf the packing industry, and extends into many parts of the United
States, A great many States are active in the field, led by Oregon, New
York, Wisconsin end California with estimated production renging from
83,000 to 27,000 tons or beans for processing in 1959, The States of
Maryland, Floriéa, Termessee, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigen end Weshington
are also important bean processing states, each generally producing more
than 10,0CO tons annually, The total U. S. preduction for manufacturing
purposes in 1959 was placed at 268,700 tons.

Various systems of purchasing snap beans are used by processors.
However, the metheds used in a majority of cases provide for graduated
scales cf prices depending upon the percentages cf beans of certain grades
or sizes or both in the leads.

Generally speaking, bears are canned or frozen in three styles,
namely cut beens, French style (shcestring) or whole beans. Cut beans
comprise the largest percentage of the pack, with French style pack in-
creesing rapidly in volume. Cut beens may be vacked from any size teen
but they are usually confined to the 3, 4 and 5 sieve sizes packed sep-
arately or in mixtures such as 3s end 4e together or 5s and larger.
French style teans are generally meade from § sieve and lerger beans. Only
relatively small amounts are packed as whole beans, "esparagus style,”
generally from sieve sizes 2 and 3 packed separately,

USE OF STANDARDS

The Standards are intended to serve as a basis for purchasing ceans
for processing, so that a premium is paid for vetter quality. When
growers care for and harvest their crops in such e manner as. to deliver
higher quality teans, they will enable processors to pack better products
which, in all probability, can te sold more readily at higher prices.

Under the graded system of purchasing, there are in general two
methods of pricing. One metked is to psy e certain price per pound for
teens of U. S. No. 1 quelity, and a lower price per pound for teans of
U. S. No. 2 quality, and nothing for culls. The other methed is to dase

y This supersedes “Snep Heans for Canning or Freezing", issued July ighi
end reissued January 1996.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)


-U-

Reporting. The inspector should report his grade findings to the
imterestec parties, but he should leave the matter of ordering the har-
vesting of the beans to the field man or scmeone in the plant cffice. In
seme cases, certificates may not be used to report the results of these
inspections. The inspector should at least make 2 w mm report of his
findings and retain a carbon copy for the Inspection Service.

REINSPECTION

In a great majority of cases, one carefully made inspection will be
sufficient to establish the epproximate grade of a load of beens to the
satisfaction of both parties, However, there may be occasions when 2
second inspection will te requested. I? the request is reasonable and
the circumstances justify it, the second inspecticn shall ve made.

HZeld-Over Loads. If a load bas been held for seme length of time,
he processor mey need ancther inspection to give him up-to-date informa-
‘on on the condition of the beans. In such cases, the certificate should

ve issued without reference to the inspection made a day or so earlier.

chock

Question of Sample. When either the grower or the processor requests
another inspection tecause ke feels that the sample ovtained was act rep-
resentative of the lead, the inspector should give the request sympathetic
consideration, If the beans are stili available and the appearance of the
lot indicates the possibility that the sarple graded did not truly repre-
sent the lead, eamcther sample should te drawn. Special pains should te
taken to get as representative a sample as possible. The result of the
analysis of the first and second samples shall then te averaged and re-
ported as the grade of the lot.

Restricted Inspection Loads, A restricted inspection report may be
challenged when unicading begins if the plant men see same inferior
leoking stock in what wes formerly an inaccessible portion of the lead.

Im such cases, the lot should be completely sampled by unloading the truck
or by dumping pallet field crates, The resulting unrestricted sample
should te analyzed and graded. Finally, the results of this inspection
shall be averaged with those of the original inspection, and the average
grade reported on a new certificate. Under "Remarks," a statement should
be shown somewhat es follows: “This certificate supersedes Certificate
No. .

Transvorted Loads. In some cases, large truck loads oF teans may te
transported long distances from a growing area to 2 processing plant.
They may te inspected when they are loaded and inspected again as they
are uicaded, possibly in ancther Stete. The inspection at the receiving
< shall be tade thoroughly and carefilly, but the certifieste should
ued without reference 29 2 nrevicus inspection unless an appeal
Spection has teen requested,

22

(88)

(39)

(90)

(92)

(92)


obe end is broken and the exposed flesh
is distinctly discolored, or when the re-
maining portion of the bean is less than
2% inches long; and,

(da) Insects which are present inside
the bean, or any insect hole penetrating
the wall of the bean, or very unsightly
insect stings or scars. ~~ 2...

The United States Standards for Snap
Beans for Processing contained. in’ this
subpart shall become effective 10 days

after publication hereof in the FEDERAL
REGISTER, and will thereupon. supersede
the United States Standards for Snap
Beans for Processing which have been in
effect since March 1, 1940.

Dated: July 10, 1959

Roy W. LENNARTSON,
Deputy Administrator,
Marketing Services.

[F.R. Doc.

59-5835; Filed, July 14, 1959;
8:47 a.m.]

BROKEN ENDS -- NOT AT THICK PORTION OF BEAN



United States Standards



-ib-
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SNAP BEAN INSFECTION CERTIFICATE

This certificate is issued in compliance wit

Dept, of Agriculture No.

the regulation of the

Secretary of Agriculture governing the inspection of various products
pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as amended (7 U.S.C.
1621 et seq.), and is sdmissable as prime facie evidence in all courts
of the United States, WARNING: Any person who knowingly shall falsify,
make, issue, alter, forge or counterfeit this certificate, or participate
in any of such actions, is subject to a fine of not more than $1,CCO or

imprisorment for not more than one year, or both.

VARIETY

DATS. EOUR SAMPLE WE OR TYFE
GROWER, tt Grade : Pounds in : Percent :
33 : Sample : —_—
$7U. 8, No.l ; 3 :
PROCESSOR 23U,S. No. 2 : :
I, the undersigned, on the date ::@alig : : :
- above specified made personal in- ::5 : : t
= < a ous 2 : :
spection of semples of the let of Material : $ t
products herein described, and do SE ae a .
hereby certify that the quality :;TOTAL : & :
and/or condition, at the said time: :3EMARKG :
and on said date, pertaining to :: :
such preducts, as shown by said. o:: :
semples, were ag stated below: tt :

Taspector

The information below is for the Processor and is not certified by the

inspector.

ibs. Gross

ibs. Tare
lbs. Net

YWetgher,

No. Containers

No. 1: No. 2: 2 Tota>
loss : ‘ 2
3 :



(35)

(36)

(37)

-6-

oy Eand. Machine sizing is mown to te scmewnat
inec the beans ave run through tae pre-grader more then
once. The inspecter, therefore, must hand-check a considerahle number of
veans which apneer to ce near the size separation line, Ze will measure
them in a 24/62 inck slot or any other size slos corresponding with the
machine, There ere likely to te a few emong the larger size veans which
can pass through the slot and which he will place with the smaller beans.
As a matter of precaution, the inspector should hand check 2 few of the
largest looking teans in the smaller size lot to make sure that they
belong where the machine placed then.

Hend Sizing. Experience has show thet snap oeens can se hand sized
mest effectively if handled individually. There is no advantage in shaking
or rubbing them over a large screen with slot openings, Since there is 2
consideradle range in size in most lots, tnere are usually relatively few
which are close in size to the separation line.

Sort cy Eve. The inspector very scon acquires the ability to do
most of the size separating oy eye, leaving only relatively 2ew beans which
he needs actually to measure. The beans which are ooviously larger in
diameter or obviously smaller in diameter than the line of separation ere
put in their ressective places without measuring, Each tean is examined
for shape, defects and maturity as it is placed for size, so that the need
for a second sorting is avoided. Zvery bean shall se rapidly turned over
in the band in order to permit examination of both sides for defects.

Measuring in Slot. The bean which gces through the slot scarcely
touching the sides is smaller than the slot size. If the dean firmly
touches the sices of the slot, it is considered larger ¢ the slot cpen-
ing and goes into the group of larger beans. The grade says, for exemple,
"to, but not including 2u/6h inch.”

Most so-called round teans are not actually round in cross
secticn. A bean is usually a little larger in diameter meesured in one
direction than in ancther. When a tean is size tested, it may start to
pass through the slct freely and then reach a point where it firmly
touches tke sides of the slot. Frequently, oy turning the bean slightly,
we can expose 2 smaller diameter and alicw the bean to continue pessing
through the slot. The inspector must determine whether the tean can
pass freely through the opening, even if it requires turning to ind its
smallest diameter at a given point.

Measurine Undersize. The minimum diameter of beans permitted
in either U0. S. Nc. 1 or U. S. No. 2 grade is 12/€4 inch, unless ctherrise

1

specified. Any sean which will pess freely through this (or some othe
specified minim.m size) slot is classed as undersize, It may be neces
to turn or rotate the bean in the slot to determine whether it tan pas
through. Undersise seams ere considered too small +o ve salvegec in 3
plant, and are clessed as culls. If any portion of the bean wilt act 5
freely through the slot, {2 should not se classed as uncersize.

D

fyb us 4
fi
«

i


SERIOUSLY MISSHAPEN

Culls


-3-

Sample Containers. A dozen clean baskets or hampers which are
tight enough so that oceans cannot fall out through cracks.

Grading Table abcut 40 inches high, 2 to 3 feet wide end 4 feet
long. A board 2 or 2 inches nigh across the back and ends of the tadle
will keep the teens from falling off when the inspector is sorting then.
Also, two similar beards across the top of the table extending from the
back to scmewhere near the front will divide the table into three sections
to facilitate sorting.

Weighing Container. Some scales are equipped with a scoop which
is satisfactory for weighing the beans. If the scales do not have such 2
scoop, the inspector should cbtain a strong besket or box of suitable size
which can be used regularly Zor weighing,

Inspection Certizicates especially designed for use with com-
medities intended for processing.

Slide Rute (optional) especially designed for determining per-
centages of small samples, If an analysis sample of exactly 10 rounds is
used, the slide rule is less essential than if it is of a 2, 3 or 5 pound
sample.

SAMPLING

Composite Sample. Owing to the small size of snap beans and the fact
thet they are to be used in a processing plant, the Standards provide that
the grade shell te determined om the basis of a composite sample. Conse~
quently, the samples drawn from individual containers in the load are
mixed together to represent the load as a whole. Draw eoproximately equal
quantities of teans from each container sampled. Select containers in all
parts of the load for sampling, including some representing all gradations
of quality which are seen. In the case of palletized field crates, scme
samples should be drawn from every crate in the lot.

Sacks, Baskets or Crates. The inspection sample should te drawn by
the inspector or by a helper whem he can closely supervise. Drew a
handful of beans from the upper portion of the container and another Sram
as deep down in the container as it 1s possiole to reach. Draw from all
containers when there are only one to three in the lot, and frem a reascn-
able number if there are more in the lot. ‘when the lot is very large,
the number of comtainers sempled mey reasonably drop to 15% or less of
the total mumber.

Palletized Field Crates. Many processors have large palletized field
erates cr “tcte boxes” in which growers lead teans to te transported to
the processing plant. These crates can acli ss much as 7CO sounds of
beans which are at least three feet deep, T ersate 3 sericus problem
in our efforts to obtain a representative sacale. Until sexe setter

(22)

(23)

(14)

15)

(26)

(17)

(19)


(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(1¢)

(11)

-2-

the price per pound of the entire load of beans on the sercentege of U. S.
No, 1 quality, as for example, sc much per pound for leads 85% or nore
U.S. No. 1 quality, so much for leads 70 to GS U. S. No. 1 quality, ete.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO DVSPECTORS

Know the Standards. The inspector shall study the Standards for
snap beans and be fully familiar with tue principal requirements of the
grades. He shall also have a copy of the Stendards available at or near
the inspection table for reference if and when it is needed to refresh
nis memory on certain grade requirements,

Processors’ Contracts. The terms of the contract and specifications
under which the beans are being purchased should be kmown by the inspector.
The contract may comtain some special provision relating to size, type
(round or flat), or seme cther factor which will have 4 bearing on the
separations made oy the inssector and reported om the certificate.

Use cf Eancbook. This handbook contains many instructions and grade
interpretations which should te helpful to the inspector. In the interest
of brevity, the Standards do not contain any procedural instructions, and
the definitions do not go into detail. The handbook is intended to sup-
plement the Standards in these respects. The inspector should keep the
handbook readily available and refer to it as frequently as needed.

Supplemental Instructions. The inspector may receive special instruc-
tions, either oral or written, from his supervisor, He shall observe and
follow such instructions implicitly, even though they mey appear to con-
flict with the handbook.

INSPECTION ESQUIFMENT
The principal items cf equipment are 2s follows:

Sceles which are sensitive within a range of from 1/10 pound to
10 pounds. A second scales is desirable for weighing small quantities of
culls, etc, The Triner model 88, one-pound postal scales have teen found
satisfactory.

Sizer of sheet metal with two or more slots for measuring bean
Gtameter and inch marking for measuring length. Slot widths should te
vety precise, but the length of the slot is not important. The slot size
to seperate four and five sieve sizes is 24/64 inches in diameter, and 2
length of 3 to 4 inches is recommended. A slot 12/64 inch in width with
a length of sbout 1 or 2 inches will serve to determine the minimum size
unless cthervise specified, Other size slots ney se required, depending
upon the contract in force, Sizers aust te sre out anc slots made
“ith parailel sides rather than being wedge 3%:



-15-

Numbering, It is prefereble that the certificates te serially (76)
mumtered when printed, so that each original end its copies tear the same
mumber, However, this is not mandatory, and the inspector may number
each one as he fills it out, giving them consecutive numbers in the space
provided in the top corner,

Copies. The certificate is made out with at least two carbon copies. (77)
This system provides one for the processor (top copy), one for the grower,
and one to be retained by the Inspection Service. In scme cases, the
processor. wants more than one copy for his own purposes, in which case he
shell make necessary arrangements with the Supervisor in advance of the
deal.

Signature. The certificate must be signed by the person or persons (73)
making the inspection, He must write his full name or his last name with
the initial of his first neme and his middle name. Initials elonme or
nicknemes must not te used for signatures, es they are not recognized
legally.

Corrections. Minor mistekes on certificates may be corrected, 1? (79)
they are such as net to affect the creditability of the certificate. Do
not erase a mistake, but cross off the error and write the correction
immediately above or below it. The inspector should add his initials eas
clese 23 possible to the correction, to show that he has made the change.
No change should be made unless all copies are present and can be changed
at one time.

Voiding. When errors in weights or percentages have been made which (80)
would materi sly affect the grade and price, the certificate and its
copies should be marked "VOID" across their faces, and ell copies kept
in the file maintained ty the Service. A new, correct certificate shell ~
be issued in its place, with no reference to the first certivicate.

If an error is discovered on a certificate and all copies are not (81)
available, the inspector shall mark tke copy or copies he bas "VOID" and
retain them in his file. He shall then issue a correct certificate, and
on it he shall write: "This certificate supersedes Certificate No. a

Care of Certificates. The Inspector has four general types of re- (82)
sponsibility for the certificate es follows:

1, He sure that he has an ample supply of certificate forms
at the beginning of the desi and throughout the deal. He should notify
the superviscr several days in advance of the tine he estimates his
supply might be exhausted,

2. Keep ais file of certificate copies in oroper numerical
order in a place where they are safe from physical damage and fram ar:
one tampering with tren.


-5-

Ming Semple, The quantity of beans teken for the greding sample
should te about twice as large as the amount which will be analyzed. In
order to make the analysis semple as representative of the whole semple es
possible, the inspector should thcroughly mix the sample before weighing
the portion of it for analysis.

Weighing Analysis Semple. In weighing from the whole sample the por-
tion to be analyzed, the quantity weighed should be determined partly wits
a view towesd simlitying the calculation of percentages. Use an “even
weighted” semple, If the scales available are calibrated in tenths of
pounds or percentage, it will bé satisfactory to use a sample of exactly
10 pounds or 8 pounds or 5 pounds, depending won the size of the lot as
outlined in Par, 21. If the scales are calibreted only in ounces, it 1.
recommended that the sample be exactly 2CO ounces (12-1/2 pounds) or 160
ounces (6-1/4 pounds) or 50 ounces (3-1/8 poumds). This will permit
fairly accurate calculations of nercentages, even though the scsies ere
eaiibrated only in ounces. (See Par. 71).

SIZING

The size of snap teers in terms of diameter is one of the important
factors of grade. The inspector must te careful to determine the size
accurately, In many locations e size seperation is made with a Chisholm
Ryder pre-greder unit in order to facilitate the sizing operation. In

her locations, all sizing may be done oy hand,

Machine Sizing, The Chisholm Ryder pre-grader is a revolving reel
type screen which lets the smaller beans pass through and the larger beens
tail-out of the end of the reel. The screen size generally in use is tie
2k /64 inch slot which separates 4-sieve size and smaller fram $-sieve size
and larger. Same processors may have different size graders or more than
one grader, depending upon the nature of their contracts.

Separating Clusters. The machine cannot accuretely size veans
held together in clusters by being attached to 2 piece of vine. The in-
spector skall pull the beans off the vine as he feeds the sample into the
hooper of the pre-grader. The pieces of vine are placed with the ex-
traneous material.

(25)

(26)

27)

(28)

(

29)

Feeding Pre-Grede>. The machine operates more efficiently if it (30)

is not crewded. It is better to feed the teans into the hopper graduelly
rather than to dump a 10-peund sample in at once. Usually the inspector
can pull the clusters apart es he feeds the beans into the revolving pre-

grader,

Second Run. A few ceans which should sass tareugh the screen
fail to do so, end they tail-out with the isrger seams. The inspector
may save time oy rumning the larger beans thrcugn she = acer a second
time to separate more of the beans which shoul have gona through the
screen.

uw


2

UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF

SNAP BEANS FOR PROCESSING !
Source: 24 FR 5684, July 15, 1959, unless
otherwise noted. Redesignated at 42 FR

32514, June 27, 1977 and at 46 FR 63203,
Dec. 31, 1981.

Effective July 26, 1959

Sec GRADES § 51.3241 U.S. No. 2.
51.3240 U.S. No.1. “U.S. No. 2” consists of snap beans of
51.3241 U.S, No.2. similar color and reasonably similar type
which are fresh, firm, not tough or over-
513242 Culls Cuts ‘mature, not seriously misshapen, and
: . which are free from decay, anthracnose
Size CLASSIFICATIONS and extraneous material, and free from
serious’ damage caused by scars, rust,
515243 Size classifications, other disease, insects, bruises, punctures,
APPLICATION OF STANDARDS broken ends or other means.
51.3244 Application of standards. (a) There shall be no maximum diam-
DEFINITIONS eter in this grade.
51.3245 Similar varietal characteristics. (b) Unless otherwise specified, the
51.3246 Fresh. minimum diameter of beans in this grade
51.3247 Firm. shall. be 134 of an inch.
51.3248 Succulent.
51.5249 Tender. CULLS
51.3250 Fairly well formed.
513251 xtraneous material. $ 51.3242 Culls.
51.3252 Damage. “Culls” consists of beans which.do fot
51.3253. Diameter. meet the requirements. of U.S- No. 2
51°3254 Similar color. grade.
51.3255 Reasonably similar type.. . :
51.3256 Tough or overmature. Size CLASSIFICATIONS
51.3257 Seriously misshapen.
51.3258 Serious damage. § 51.3243 Size classifications.
AUTHORITY: §§ 51.3240 to 51.3258 issued Size classifications have been estab-

under secs. 202-208, 60 Stat.
amended; 7 US.C. 1621-1627.

GRADES
§ 51.3240 U.S. -No. 1.

“U.S. No. 1” consists of snap beans of
similar varietal characteristics which
are fresh, firm, succulent, tender, fairly
well formed, free from decay, anthrac-
nose and extraneous material, and free
from damage caused by scars, rust, other
disease, insects, bruises, punctures,
broken ends or other means.

(a) Unless a larger diameter is speci-
fied, the maximum-diameter of beans in
this grade shall be less than 2%, of an
inch (maximum diameter of 4 sieve size).

(b) Unless otherwise specified, the
minimum diameter of beans in this grade
shall be 1344 of an inch,

1087, as

+ Packing of the product in conformity with
the requirements of these standards shall not
excuse failure to comply with the provisions

lished by the industry to describe differ-
ent sizes of beans. If size is specified, it
is recommended that one or more of the
following designations be used:

Bieve size: Diameter
No. 1...---.--.-- 1%4 to, but not includ-
ing, 14-564 inch.
No. 2...... en 14-564 to, but not. includ-
ing, 18-564 inch.
No. 3-.-..-.----- 18-54 to, but not includ-
ing, 2%4 inch.
--- 2164 to, but’ not includ-
‘ing, 244 inch.

No. 5...... a 244 to, but not include
ing, 744 inch.
No. 6 and larger... 2% inch and larger,

No. 4...

APPLICATION OF STANDARDS
§ 51.3244 Application of standards.

In determining the grade of a lot of
beans, representative samples are drawn:
from various parts of the lot and mixed
together. The composite sample or a
portion thereof is sorted into U.S. No. ‘1
grade, U.S. No. 2 grade, culls and ex-



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE DIVISION
FRESH PRODUCTS STANDARDIZATION AND INSPECTICN BRANCH

SHIPPING POINT LISFECTICN HANDECOK
FOR

SMAP BEANS FOR FROCESSTIG

Washington, D. C.

Revised May, 1960

For Use of U. S$. D, A. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Inspectors

Agriculture - Washington


a

(43

ean

(45

(46

)

)

)

)

-3-

2, Inconspicucus, smocth, light colored scars which will blend
in color with the rest of the bean when bianched and will scarcely te
noticeable on the processed product, may ve permitted in U.S. No. 1 grade.

3. Moderately unsightly scars which will probably affect only
one cut section cf the been may be permitted in U. S. No. 2 grade,

4. Moderately unsightly scars which will probably affect two or
more cut sections of the bean shall cause the bean to be classed as a Cull.

5. Very unsightly or very dark scars, even though affecting
only cne cut section of the been, sball cause the vean to ve classed as &
cull.

Clusters. The term “cluster” applies to two or more snap beans
attacked to the seme piece of vine. There usually are very few clusters
in hand picked beans, but they ere fairly common in machine picked veans.
Although somewhat objectionable to the processor, clusters are a catural
factor in mechenized harvesting operations, and they are not barred from
either U. S. No. Lor U. 3. No. 2 grade. In sorting the sample, clusters
should be pulled apart, each bean graded on its own merits, and the de-
tached portion of vine placed with the extraneous material.

Rust. A fungus disease kmown as rust sometimes attacks a field or
veans, It is more lixely to appear late in the Sumer or early Fall,
especially if there has been abundant rainfali. The disease is nore
inclined to affect the foliage, out may occasionally sikow up om the teen
peds as crown or tan spots scmewhere near one-eighth inch in diameter.
The inspector should use the same general principles applied to scars
in deciding how to score beans affected by rust.

A physiological disease mown as Russet is easily confused with rust.
It shows up as watersoaked or tan colored streaks and flecks, usually in
a somewhat diagonal pattern following the vascular bundles on the sides
of the ped. It is rerely seen on fresh beans but may appear on beans
which have been stored for a while or have been shipped long distances.
Wax varieties seem to te more susceptiole to russet than green varieties.
Affected beans should be handled in grading om the seme casis as scars.

Insects. The injuries caused ty insects should be scored on much
the same tasis as outlined for scars. Older insect injury will ce in
the form of healed scars, but usually they are more unsightly in eopear-
ance or deeper and more yenetrating than wind scars, end are lixely to
fall into the Cull Classification. The presence of an open hole or an
insect in the tean autematiceally makes the bean a Cull.

Broken inds. If the orcken end is near what wes 2riwinally the sten
end or the tip end, and the bean is tapered to 2 sxall diameter e+ that
point, the breek should te igncred, The term “thick portion of the tean”
means any place in the length cf the bean except where it is tasered down
to a smaller diameter at either end. The drawings attached to tre Standards
snould ce helpful in interpreting this definition.



-T-

SORTING FOR DEFECTS

The teans should be graded for quality at the same time they are being (28)
_ sorted for size. As each bean is Landled to te placed for size, it is
. tumed over in the band and examined for shape and defects. Grade factors
to ce observed are varietal type, shape, scars, other blemishes and matu-
- rity or tenderness.

Vartetal Tyre. Mixtures of varieties are unccmon in growers' loads. (39)
Ie varieties are similar in appeerance, a mixture is not very objection-
able, However, if definitely different types are mixed, they can creste
an objectionadle appearance in the finished product. The grade defini-
tions are quite explicit on dealing with mixtures of types, but explanation
may be kelprul.

Example: A lot of round green beans contains a few semi-fles
type green, 2 few flat type green, and 2 few wax (yeltow) veans. The semi-
flat green beans are not permitted in U. S. No. 1 mixed with round green
type, but are permitted in U. S. No. 2 grade. Both the flat green beans
and the wax beens are types extremely different from the round green,
neither being permitted mixed with round green in the U. S. No. 2 grade,
so they are placed with the culls.

Shave. The requirements of U. S. No. 1 and U. S. No. 2 for shape are (40)
defined in the Standards and also illustrated by profile drawings. The
inspector should have the limiteticns of shape well fixed in tis mind so
shat he can decide without hesitation into which group the cean can go.
dowever, ne should refer to the share drawings ceecasionally to keep bis
sights in line.

Wilting. The standards require tke beans to be “eregh"” in both U.S. (41)
No. l and U. S. No. 2 gredes, The term fresh is defined as meaning not
more than slightly wilted. Many smaller beans ceccme slightly wilted in
the field and on the truck during the process of narvesting and hauling.
This slight wilting is normal and dces not materially affect the processing
quality, If the bean is dadly wilted, it will ce very flaboy and may be
somewhat shriveled and wrinkled. Such beans should be classed es culls.

Scars. The scoring of scars requires careful judgment on tke part of (42)
the ifspector, Size, color, roughness 2nd location of the scar on the teen
must all be teken into consideration, These characteristics have direct
pearing on how much effect the scar will have on the appearence of the bean
in the finished product. Each individual vean must te judged on its own
merits, but the inspector may de aided in making nis decision sy the
following:

1. Smelt scars located et the extreme tip end or stem ¢ Z
vactically all removed in the ustal snipping cperation, end may be dis
garded.

WS

4


(23)

(22)

(2k)

to the

method can te devised, the sample will be taken by digging down i
to permit dreving several rendfuls from about 2 foot to 18 inches
pes Seme beans should se drawn from every crate in the lot.

Size of Semple, The size of tze sampie should be well in excess oF
tne amount to Se graded. This will tend to make the sample more repre-
sentative and avoid the possibility of having insufficient beans for grade
analysis, The quantity graded shoulé vary with the size of individual
deliveries, which often range from 160 pounds or less to several tons.
The analysis semple should not weigh less than ome pound under any eir-
cumstances, The following table will serve as a guide es to the size of
sample which should be analyzed.

LOAD SIZE SAMPLE DRAWN ANALYSIS SAMPIS
(Aporoxinately )
Under 1CO pounds 3 pounds 1 pound
isco - 200 " 30" 278
300 - Sco " lo" 5"
80 - 15co ” 15 " 3 "
1sco. - 3¢cc —" 20 " 10 "
3CCO = pounds up 20 =O" lo-15 "

Identizy Sample. The sample must te accompanied vy 2 small slip of
paver which amply and correctly identifies it with the lot of origin. fe
sure that this cannot fall cut or blow away from the sample container.

Restricted Sampling. The Inspection Service policy is to draw un-
restricted samples for grade analysis. However, there are circumstances
in which this is imprecticable. I? the epplicant wants inspection under
such conditions, it should te made clear to him that cur inspection and
certificate will be restricted to coverage only of the accessible portion
of the load.

In the case cf palletized crates, the portion inspected might be re-
stricted to the upper 18 inches or upper 15 inches of ceans in the crates.
In heavily leaded trucks which cannot te inspected during loading or un-
leading, restriction may be made to containers in upper 3 layers of lead
or to some cther portion of the lead. When such restricted sampling is
necessary, 2 statement should te made under "Remarks" scmewhat as fol-
lows: “Inspection and certificate restricted to beans in upper 18 inches
in crates."

TREATMENT OF SAMPLE

Prompt Analysis. Alweys grade each sample as scon atter 1
as possicia, This will tend to eliminate the question of det

samples, ‘Althcugh iv is believed that under favorable con
will not change as ravi as corn, peas, tematces and pessisly
other preducts, they do ieteriorate gradually through wiltizs,
toughening and the acticn of disease, Wilting is more repid in
and can cause the tears to shrinx, thus changing the sieve sizes.



(94)

(95)

(97)

-18-

Appeal Inspection. An appeal inspection may se requested at the
location of the original inspection because the grade interpretation cf
the inspector is contested. In that case, the Supervising Inspector or
the Federal Supervisor shall te called in to make the inspection. He
shall resample the load, obtaining as representative 2 sample es possible,
and shall analyze a quantity twice as large as is custemarily used. The
results of this analysis shall be the final grade for the lot.

If an appeal is requested on 2 load coming from another State, the
inspection should te made either by two inspectors jointly or oy the Super-
visor. Unless the lead has traveled in a public carrier and can be assumed
to have retained its identity, there is no scund basis for an appeal in-
spection, If the findings of en appeal inspection are in material conflict
with those of the previous inspection in another State, the Sipervisor
should refer the facts of the findings to Washington and await 1 structions
on Bow to handle she report, The Supervisor in the Stete of origin and
2inancially interested parties should ce netivied promptly of the results
of an acpeal inspection,

Conditicn Factors in Apoeals. The quality of snap ceans msy change
fairly rapidly under unfavorable conditions such as expcsure to heat, ary
wind or excessive noisture. Factors of quality most likely to develop or
inerease during transit or storage are decay, wilting, russet, and dis-
coloration caused by oxidation ef broken ends, punctures and cruises.

When meking an eppeal inspection, separate percentages should te de-
termined for each factor scored which may have made its aprearance or
increased since the first inspection. These percentages should te in-
cluded in the information supplied to the Washington office if aad when
you request authorization to reverse the grade, as they may have @
direct bearing on the decision to be reached, Wilting effecting many
beans in the lot, even though generally not sufficient to score individuel
beans es damaged, should te reported as it may have caused seme lessenizg
$2 the diameter size of the teans.

a


: FAIRLY WELL FORMED :
Poorest shapes permitted in U. S. No. 1 Grade. £



Maturity. 2.6 ee
Breaking Beans
Cutting Beans,
Succulence

ary

Internal Open Spa.

Tenderness ..
Seed Size. . .

.

.

Mechanical Tests

Culls 2 sss see

Extranecus Material

Dirt... 2 ee ae

WETAITN

WEICEON
CALCULATING FERCENTAGES .

CIRTISICATE.

NG SORTED MATERTAL

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ce:

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Recommended Certificate Form

Copies. » 2 ew we ee

Signature .....
Corrections and Voi
Care of Certificate

.

ding

.

.

and Numbering

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Processor Frinted Certificates,

FIGLD INSPECTIONS, ...

REDISFECTION 2... ae
Held Over Load. . .

.

Question of Sample. ....
Restricted Inspection Loads

Transported Loads..., 2...
Appeal Inspection ....-.

APPENDIX I...... sen eee

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STANDARDS

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15

19

89


-l-

endernees, The tenderness of the been depends to a lerge extent
on the amount of fibrous tissue in tue walls of the pod. If the been is
fresh and turgid, the way it snaps may give an indication of the fiter con-
tent. If it snavs easily and breaks cleanly, there is provatly little or
no fiber present, Wilted beans do not snep readily, but this should not
ve taken as an indication that they are not tender.

After the bean has been broken or “snapped,” the exposed ends
snovld be exsmined for fiber or strings as well as for succulernce, The
idesl stage of maturity is that in which there is e¢ clean break with prac-
tically no trace of fibers cr strings. If there are only smell hair-like
fivers protruding very slightly, the bean should be considered tender. If
there are a number of ragged, spiny edges caused by protruding ends of
fiver or strings, the vean should te placed in the U. S. No. 2 grade. pea
the sean breaks with difficulty and the fiber is heavy, causing long pro-
truding fibers or strings or "sharks' teeth," the vean should te classed
as tough or overmature and scored as a Cull,

Tenderness and succulence are usually closely related, and the
bean is judged for maturity on the basis of both. Scwever, there may te
occasions when the decision will hinge on either one factor or the other.

Seed Size. The size of the seed is not mentioned in the Stand-
ards, and is uct a grede factor, However, seed size is usually one of
the visible features of the been which uey te roughly indicative of its
stage of maturity. The inspector should be alert tc watch for enlarged
seeds which may be accompanied by objectionable conditicns such as
fiber, dryness, or both. Never score a vean as a U. S. No. 2 or Cull
solely on the tasis of enlarged seeds, If it is scored for maturity in
one of these categories, the decision must te based on fiber or dryness
or the pod,

Varieties of snap teans differ widely in seed characteristics,
especially seed size. In some varieties the seed is much larger then in
other varieties at comparaole stages of maturity. The inspector will
soon learn to make allowances for these varietal differences, keeping in
mind that we grade the bean for maturity entirely on the tasis of its
tenderness and succ

Mechanical Tests. Processors may wish to uave tenderness of
their snap oceans determined on the basis of a mechanical device such as
he “Shear Press." This might be done as 2 basis for grading end pricing
to the grower or simply for the information of the factory perscxnel. If
requested to semple and grade leads of teans cn the desis of one or these
devices, the Inspection Service wlll do sc, provided thet the processor
furnishes the necessary equipment and the method is coverec in any
evisting contracts with the growers.

(60)

(62)

(64)

(65)


-13-

CALCULATING PERCENTAGES

A slide rule or percentege calculation table. will be very kelpful in
calculating percentages. In cases where pounds and ounces are the units
of weight measurement and the scales are not caliorated in decimal por-
tions of pounds or percentages, the inspector should conver+ all weights
to ounces in order to simplify the calculations. (See Par. &).

CERTIFICATS

A special form of certificate prepared for use with processing crops
is required, and preferably it should be one designed especi: for use
with snap beans, It should provide the spaces for date, hour, name of
processor, grower's name and address, weight of semple analyzed, type
veans, weight of U. S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2, Culls and Extreneous Material
and the percentage cf each, and a blank space for any additional category
which the contract might include. There should also te a line Zor the
total of the weights and the total of the percentages. Next to this is
the standard form statement end a nlace for the imspector's signature, and
it is secommended that there tbe a space for “Remarks.”

The lewer one-third to one-half of the certificate form should te
seperated from the rest and adapted for information which will be obtained
and recorded by the processor or ouyer. This includes lcad weights,
cecunts, price calculations, ete.; all of which are not the responsibility
of the inspector, ~—

Recommended Certificate Form. The following is a sample of the cer~
tificate reccommended for snap ceans for processing. It is custcmarty to
print the statement at the top of the certificate and the statement above
the inspector's signature in small type to conserve space.

(72)

(73)

(74)

(75)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION «1 + se we ee eee

USE OF STANDAFDS «21 se oe

.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS

INSPECTION EQUIFMENT . 1 we eee

SAMPLING «2 + ee es ewe
Composite Sample. ...
Sacks, Beskets, Creates.
Palletized Field Crates
Size of Semple...
Identify Sample. .
Restricted Sample .

TREATMENT CF SAMPLE. . .
Frompt Analysis . .
Mixing Sample . 2... + 0s
Weighing Analysis Sample.

.

.

2

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2

SIZING «1 sw we ee we oe
Machine Sizing. . .
Sevareting Clusters.

Feeding Fre-Grader .

Second Run. ee «

Checking Size by Hand

ore

Hand Sizing «s+ ee
Sort by Eyes 2 + « @
Measuring in Slot. .
Messuring Undersize.

SORTING FOR DEFECTS.

Varietal Type

Skape . ee o
Wilting ...
Sears «ee 6
Clusters. « «
Rust. ¢ 6 eo
Insects . .
Broken Ends +
Bruises .. e
Punctures . 3
Decay « 6 oe +

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17 - 23

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28 - 32

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by weight, of each is determined. Under
this system, tolerances for beans below
grade or for extraneous material are not
required in the standards.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.3245 Similar
istics.

“Similar varietal characteristics”
means that the beans are of the same
general type and color. Wax type shall
not be mixed with green type, and round,
semi-flat and flat types shall not be
mixed.

§ 51.3246 Fresh.

“Fresh” means that the bean is not
more than slightly wilted.

§ 51.3247 Firm.

“Firm” means that the walls of the
bean are reasonably solid, not puffy or
spongy.

§ 51.3248 Succulent.

“Succulent” means that the flesh in-
side of the walls of the‘bean is trans-
lucent and juicy with npt more than a
slight trace of drying around the seed.

§ 51.3249 Tender.

“Tender” means that the bean is prac-
tically free from fiber or strings.

§ 51.3250 Fairly well formed.

“Fairly well formed” means that the
bean is not more than moderately curved,
crooked, twisted or tapered.

§ 51.3251 Extraneous material.

“Extraneous material” consists of bean
vines and leaves, weeds, stones, sticks,
loose dirt or other foreign material. All
vines attached to beans shall be detached
in determining the grade and included
with the extraneous material.

§ 51.3252 -Damage.

“Damage”, unless otherwise specifi-
cally defined in this section, means any
defect which materially affects the
processing quality of the bean. Any one
of the following defects, or any combi-
nation of defects the seriousness of which
exceeds the maximum allowed for any
one. defect, . shall be considered Bs
damage:

(a) Scar, rust or other disease spot
which will be plainly noticeable after the
bean has been blanched;

(b) Bruises or punctures which are
noticeably discolored, or which affect
an area more than one-fourth ineh in

varietal character-

(c) Broken ends when the flesh of the
thick portion of the bean is exposed, or
when the remaining portion of the bean
is less than 2% inches long; and,

(d) Insect stings or scars which will
be plainly noticeable after the bean has
been blanched.

§ 51.3253 Diameter.

“Diameter” means thickness as deter-
mined by the width of the smallest slot
through which the bean may be passed,
without forcing, in any one position or
series of positions.

§ 51.3254 Similar color.

“Similar color” means that the bean
is of the same color type as the majority
of the beans in the lot. Wax type beans
in a lot of green beans shall be classed
as culls, and green type beans in a lot
of wax beans shall be classed as culls.

§ 51.3255 Reasonably similar type.

“Reasonably similar type” means that.
the beans are not distinctly different in
cross-section shape. For example, round
and semi-flat beans shall be tonsidered
reasonably similar; and flat and semi-
flat beans shall be considered reasonably
similar. Round and flat beans shall not
be considered reasonably similar types.

§ 51.3256 Toughor overmature.

“Tough or overmature” means that the
bean is leathery, fibrous and stringy or
has dry, whitish, pithy tissue or air

_bockets around the seeds..

§ 51.3257 ° Seriously niisshapen.

. “Seriously misshapen” means that the
bean is badly curved, crooked, twisted
or tapered.

§ 51.3258 Serious damage.

“Serious damage”, unless otherwise
specifically defined in this section, means
any defect which seriously affects the
processing quality of the bean. Any one
of the following defects, or any combi-
nation of defects the seriousness of which
exceeds the maximum allowed for any
one defect, shall be considered as serious
damage:

(a) Scars, rust or disease spots which
are very dark colored or very unsightly,
or which are moderately_dark and mod-
erately unsightly and affect more than
one-fourth the length of the bean;

(b) Bruises or punctures which are
badly discolored, or,which affect an area
more than three-fourths inch in length;

(c) Broken ends which exposé the





NOT SERIOUSLY MISSHAPEN
Poorest shapes permitted in U. S. No. 2 Grade.



-9-

If the tiasue of the broken end has developed distinctly brownish
discoloration or has dirt ground into it which will nct wash off, the
blemish shall be considered serious damage and the dean shall be classed
es a Cull. A vatersoaked sppearance or a light tannish discoloration of
the broken end will not materially affect its appearance, and sball be
permitted in U. &. No. 2 grade. Likewise, broken ends which have picked
up @ light coating of dust or lint which can be removed readily in the
blanching and vashing operations shall be permitted in U.S, No. 2.

Bruises. Mechanically harvested beang may show small bruises. Most
of them are insignificant and if processed without long delay, will not
be noticeeble after blanching. Bruises where the flesh has been made
soft or distinctly discolored, should be scored as d when the
largest dimension of the individual bruise exceeds Ut inch; or scored as
serious when one or the aggregate of several such bruises exceeds
3 inch in length.

Punctures, A bean shall be scored as demaged if it bas a puncture or
cut in the bean wall more than 1/4 inch long. If the puncture or cut is
badly discolored or distinctly dirty, it shall be scored as serious damage.
Also score as serious damage a bean vhich has one cut more than 3/4 inch
or several cuts aggregating more than 3/4 inch long.

Decay. All types of decay are barred fras both U. 6. No. l and U. 8.
No. 2 @s. This includes such soft rots as Soil Rot and Gray Mold Rot
as well as Anthracnose, even though the affacted ares may be small, Rust
and russet are not classed as decay.

Maturity. Grading beans on the baeis of miturity, tenderness and
succulence is one of the more difficult determinations the inspector has
to make. The definitions of tha terms “tender,” "succulent," "firm" and
“tough or overmature" should be very helpful. The bean must te firm,
succulent and tender to meet. the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade, which
means that it must be in the prime edible sta,e for a snap bean. To be
permitted in U. 8. No. 2, it must be firm and must not have reached the
stage of being tough or overmature, which means that it ig still ina
fairly good eating stage. Processors may contract on the basis of
maturity as indicated by testing composite samples of benns in some sort
of a machine for meseuring tenderness. :

Breaking Beans. The inspector chowld, ag a matter of course,
break an occasional bean as he grades the sample. By starting with one
of the older looking beans in the sompie, hie ia likely to discover
whether the lot has any tendency toward overmaturity or dryness. If the
Older beans do not meet the grade requirements for maturity, it is nec-
essary to break beens of a ccmewhat younger appearance, The number and
size of the beans broken will vary considerably with the quality of the
lot being graded. The inspector should not hesitate to break as many
beans as be feels are needed for examination to determine maturity,

(48)

(49)

(50)

(52)

(52)

(53)


-W-

(66) Cullis. Individual ceans which do not qualify for U. S$. No. 1 grade
mey meet the requirements for U. S. No. 2 grade. Those which fail to meet
U.S, No, 2 grade are automatically classed as "Culls" ty definition of
the Standards. A dean smaller then tke 12/64 inch minimum diameter szeci-
fied in the Standards (or any other minimum size specified oy tze contract)
is a Cull. A been shall not be classed as a Cull oecause of very lerge
diameter since there is no maximum diameter in the U. S. No. 2 grade.

(67) Extraneous Material, Everything in a lot of beans, other than the

: snap beans themselves, is classed as extreneous material. This includes
all portions of the tean plant which may be in the lot. Any vines or
leaves found attached to the teans shall ve separated from the beans by
hand in the process of grading the sample. The quantity of extraneous
material sumetimes runs nigh if mechanically harvested teens, due to such

factors as wet weather, lodged bean vines and methed of operating the
picker.

(68) Some contracts may set limitations on the quantities of such material
in the load which will be accepted, even though it is the general practice
to pay nothing for either culls or extraneous material. The inspector
will merely report the sercentages of these two categories present without
making reference to any contract specifications.

(69} Dirt. The Standards do not mention dirt, excepting the “locse dirt”
included under extraneous material. It is the intent of the Standards
thet any dust, mud, caked dirt or other adhering material on the beans
will te permitted, sc long as there is reasonable certainty that it will
be removed in the usual factory processes of washing, blanching, etc.
Mechanically harvested teans frequently show mud smears cr are dust
coated, due to the way the machine hendles them, and even hand-picked
beans may te dirty at times, This dirt is usually removed without any
trouble during the processing, and the weight involved is relatively
unimortant.

(70) If some sort of dirt or other foreign material is attached to the
bean so firmly that it will not wash off in the factory processing, it
should te considered as "materially affecting” or “seriously affecting”
the processing quality, as the case may te, end the bean should te scored
as aMNo. 20raCull. A typical example of this is 2 bean which bas
picked up @ smear of blackened cil or grease from the picker.

WEIGHING SORTED MeTERTAL

(72) Weighing the several lots c? materiel sorted out in grading the
sample requires care, because some of them, such es Cuils or extreneous
material, usually occur in small quan*i
capacity Triner scale is very useful
This type of scale is fairly sensitiv
(See Par. 26).

A Medel 38, one-pcund
purpose and is reccmmended.

gaing small quent

BY