Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A04-1703-CR-482 | October 25, 2017 Page 1 of 37

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

David K. Payne

Braje, Nelson & Janes, LLP

Michigan City, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Curtis T. Hill, Jr.

Attorney General of Indiana

Angela Sanchez

Supervising Deputy Attorney 

General

Indianapolis, Indiana

I N T H E

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Steven Lindsey,

Appellant-Defendant,

v.

State of Indiana,

Appellee-Plaintiff.

October 25, 2017

Court of Appeals Case No.

64A04-1703-CR-482

Appeal from the 

Porter Superior Court

The Honorable 

William E. Alexa, Judge

Trial Court Cause No.

64D02-1502-MR-1173

Kirsch, Judge.
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[1] Steven Lindsey (“Lindsey”) was convicted after a jury trial of murder,

1 a felony,

and was sentenced to fifty-five years executed. Lindsey raises seven issues for 

our review, which we restate as:

I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it 

denied Lindsey’s request for a continuance in the middle 

of trial where the State sought to introduce new evidence 

that Lindsey’s boots matched a footprint found outside the 

house;

II. Whether the trial court committed fundamental error 

when it did not further question a juror about her decision 

to remain on the jury when it was evident that the length 

of the trial would conflict with her vacation plans;

III. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it 

admitted evidence that blood found on the wall of the 

crime scene belonged to Lindsey;

IV. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it 

excluded videos of police interviews that Lindsey claimed 

showed the lack of investigation by the police and, 

therefore, denied him the right to present a complete 

defense;

V. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it 

denied Lindsey’s request to allow him to read his prior 

testimony into the record when the testimony was offered 

by the State in its case-in-chief;

 

1

See Ind. Code § 35-42-1-1. 
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VI. Whether the trial court erred when it declared a mistrial 

when new evidence was discovered by the State during 

Lindsey’s first trial; and

VII. Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it 

admitted evidence that Lindsey had the victim’s dog 

euthanized shortly after her murder.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

[3] In early 2012, Lindsey met his future wife, Melinda, and within a couple of 

months, she became unexpectedly pregnant with his child. Melinda had been 

an exotic dancer when the two met, but, after becoming pregnant, she quit her

job and did not return to work again. Lindsey did not like Melinda associating 

with her friends or former customers from her time as a dancer, and Melinda 

had less and less contact with her friends as well as her family after her 

relationship with Lindsey began. 

[4] Lindsey was working as an electrical lineman when he and Melinda met, but he 

was fired from his job in early 2014 for drinking on the job. Lindsey worked 

sporadically until November 2014, earning substantially less than he had in 

prior years. After November 2014, Lindsey did not work again until after 

Melinda was murdered in January 2015. In October 2014, Lindsey’s behavior 

became very impulsive and unpredictable. He opened a new credit card and 

purchased a cruise, but never made a payment on the credit card. Lindsey also 

cashed out over $16,000 from his retirement account and spent all of that 
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money within weeks. In November 2014, he was ordered to pay $6,200 in child 

support arrears. During this time, Lindsey had stopped paying his rent and 

numerous other bills. From May 2014 to January 2015, bank accounts

belonging to Lindsey and Melinda were frequently overdrawn and numerous 

payments were returned for insufficient funds.

[5] One of the payments returned for insufficient funds was the December 2014 

premium for a life insurance policy with MetLife insuring Melinda’s life. The 

policy had been issued in January 2014 and insured Melinda’s life for one 

million dollars with an additional accidental death benefit of $100,000. Lindsey

was the sole beneficiary. On January 7, 2015, MetLife sent a letter to Lindsey

and Melinda stating that their premium had not been paid and that if they did 

not pay by January 26, 2015, the policy would be cancelled.

[6] The couple frequently fought about their financial problems. Melinda wanted 

Lindsey to return to work, and she also discussed returning to work as a dancer 

to earn extra money, but Lindsey did not want her to do so. Melinda asked her 

parents if she and her daughter could move back in with them in Illinois. 

Although Melinda was not actually pregnant at the time of her death, Lindsey

believed that she was pregnant in December 2014. Lindsey and Melinda had a 

big fight around January 1, 2015, and Melinda told Lindsey that she was 

leaving him. She went to a friend’s house, in a hysterical state, and said that 

Lindsey had taken their daughter to his brother’s house and would not let 

Melinda have her daughter. Tr. Vol. VII at 1595. 
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[7] On January 8, 2015, Lindsey called police to report that he and Melinda had 

returned home and discovered the screen to their bedroom window had been 

cut and the window was open. No one had gained entry into the house, and 

the couple’s three dogs—a large Malamute that had belonged to Lindsey before 

marriage and an aggressive and protective pit bull mix and a small Chihuahua 

that had both belonged to Melinda before the marriage—were inside the house. 

When police arrived at the scene, the bedroom window was closed. Lindsey

told police that he believed someone opened the window to lure the dogs out so

that they could enter the house. Tr. Vol. II at 337. 

[8] On January 15, a detective called to follow up on the January 8 incident, and 

while Melinda was on the phone with the officer, Lindsey informed Melinda 

that he had just discovered suspicious footprints around their house. Tr. Vol. 

VIII at 1865-66. Officers came to the house that day to investigate but observed 

that the prints did not appear fresh. Later the same day, Melinda called police 

again to report that she had noticed that several items were missing from her 

car. Lindsey and Melinda suggested that these incidents, and another 

unreported incident months earlier, might be related to stalking and suggested 

several ex-boyfriends and former customers, from when Melinda was a dancer,

as possible suspects. 

[9] The next morning, on January 16, shortly before 6:30 a.m., Melinda was shot 

in the head while in bed. The bullet entered above and behind her left ear, 

travelled through her skull, and exited above and in front of her right ear.

There was stippling around the entry wound which indicated that she was shot 
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at close range. There were no signs of a struggle or sexual assault, and a 

blanket was pulled up over Melinda’s body, with her arms resting down at her 

side. Melinda later died of her wounds at the hospital. It was later determined 

that she had been shot with a single bullet from her own gun, which was left on 

the floor of the bedroom with no other bullets in it. 

[10] Meanwhile, Lindsey had called 911 at approximately 6:20 a.m. and screamed 

incoherently for approximately two minutes before hanging up. After receiving 

the call, the dispatcher searched the system for records associated with the 

phone number and dispatched police to the couple’s address immediately. The 

dispatcher then attempted to contact Lindsey via text or call, but did not get an 

answer. After initially calling 911, Lindsey had called his brother, and after 

speaking with his brother for almost a minute, Lindsey called 911 back, 

approximately six minutes after the first call, and reported either “My wife’s 

been shot” or “They shot my wife.” Tr. Vol. at 330-32. Police arrived at the 

home while Lindsey was still on the phone with 911. 

[11] Police entered the house through the unlocked front door and could still smell

burnt gun powder in the air, which suggested that it had only been fifteen to 

twenty minutes since the gun had been fired. Tr. Vol. II at 496-97. Melinda 

was in her bed and still alive. The dogs were in the garage, although Lindsey

claimed that they were in the house when he went to sleep and were never kept 

in the garage. Tr. Vol. III at 550; Tr. Vol. XI at 2664. The police discovered 

Lindsay in his daughter’s bedroom. Lindsey told the officers that he could not 

open the door, and when the officer entered, Lindsey was on his knees in front 
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of his daughter’s crib with his hands restrained behind his back with two large, 

white zip ties. The officer found zip ties of the same kind in the bedroom where 

Melinda was discovered. During the investigation, it was learned that the 

brand of zip ties was exclusively sold in bulk through electrical supply 

distributors and were accessible to Lindsey where he worked. Tr. Vol. IX at

2046-52, 2203-08. 

[12] Lindsey informed the police that he had fallen asleep on the sofa watching 

television around 2:00 a.m. and woke up when someone began choking him 

from behind. Tr. Vol. III at 537. Lindsey maintained that he blacked out 

almost immediately and could not remember anything until he woke up on the 

floor of his daughter’s bedroom to the sound of what he thought was a gunshot. 

Id. He claimed that his hands had already been zip-tied when he woke up, but 

he did not remember anything about how he had gotten to his daughter’s room. 

Tr. Vol. XI at 2663-64. Lindsey advised the police of the same list of possible 

suspects for Melinda’s murder as he had provided for the prior incidents. The 

police investigated these suspects and eliminated them all because they had 

verified alibis. Tr. Vol. III at 690. There were no signs of forced entry to the 

home; the front door was unlocked when the police arrived, although Lindsey 

stated it was locked when he went to bed, and Melinda was known to always 

lock doors. All other doors to the house were closed and secured, and no

footprints were found outside leading to any other point of entry.

[13] Shortly after Melinda died, Lindsey had her body cremated, which was against 

her family’s wishes, and did not hold a memorial service or publish an obituary. 
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Within several weeks of Melinda’s death, Lindsey took numerous rings, 

including an engagement ring, and other jewelry to a jewelry store to attempt to 

sell, but the store did not purchase any of the items. Lindsey made several calls 

to MetLife to initiate a claim on Melinda’s policy and to check on the status of 

the claim. He took Melinda’s two dogs to a veterinarian clinic and had them 

euthanized. Lindsey was arrested and charged with Melinda’s murder on 

February 12, 2015. 

[14] Lindsey’s first trial began on September 21, 2015. At the end of the first day of 

trial, after the jury was selected and sworn, but before any evidence was 

presented, the State was informed that a woman had reported to police that day 

that another man, a former boyfriend of Melinda’s named Michael Manning

(“Manning”), had confessed to her that he had committed the murder. The 

State informed defense counsel immediately, and the parties jointly requested a 

continuance of trial the following morning to permit further investigation. The 

trial court adjourned the trial for two days to permit further investigation. In 

investigating the allegations, the police conducted multiple taped interviews 

with several witnesses, conducted a voice stress test with Manning, and 

executed a search warrant to obtain cell phone location data for Manning.

Prior to the day that the trial was set to resume, Linsey filed a “motion for 

continuance and/or additional time,” in which he maintained that it was 

“physically impossible” for defense counsel to review and investigate the 

volume of recently obtained information before the trial was scheduled to 

resume and that to proceed without additional time would deprive him of due 
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process, and he requested that “trial either be continued or reset for an adequate 

period of time to allow [Lindsey’s] counsel to conduct his due diligence 

regarding this recent information.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 75-80. 

[15] On the day the trial was set to resume, the trial court met with the parties and 

informed them that, after doing extensive legal research and considering 

Lindsey’s right to due process and the volume of new evidence, it had decided 

to declare a mistrial. The trial court stated that it was ordering the mistrial to 

protect the rights of the defendant. Before bringing the jury back in, the trial 

court inquired as to both parties if they had any additional issues to discuss, and 

Lindsey raised only the question of whether the trial court would set bond.

Lindsey did not object or otherwise protest the trial court’s decision to declare a 

mistrial. The jury was returned to the courtroom, thanked, and discharged.

[16] A jury trial again commenced on November 2, 2015, but that trial resulted in 

another mistrial due to a hung jury. A third jury trial commenced on February 

16, 2016. During voir dire, Juror 7 informed the court that she was scheduled 

to leave town to attend a wedding on Thursday, March 10, 2016, but that she 

could delay her flight if necessary and still attend the wedding. Tr. Vol. II at

265-66. When she was asked if this would upset her, she replied “maybe a 

little.” Id. at 266. However, she assured the trial court that she would not 

allow this to rush her to a quick verdict. Id. 

[17] As the trial continued and March 10 drew near, the trial court reminded the 

parties of Juror 7’s travel plans and asked them to consider how they wanted to 
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address the issue. The trial court noted that there were two alternate jurors and 

requested that the parties consider whether they wanted to excuse Juror 7. Tr. 

Vol. X at 2316-17. When it became clear that the trial would not conclude by 

March 10, the trial court brought Juror 7 into court and inquired if she wished 

to be excused from the jury or stay until the trial was completed. Id. at 2411.

Juror 7 stated that she would rather stay, and Lindsey declined the opportunity 

to further question the juror. Id. at 2411-12.

[18] Prior to the presentation of evidence, Lindsey had advised the trial court that if 

the State intended to read the transcript of Lindsey’s testimony from his 

previous trial into evidence, he wanted to be allowed to be the one who read the 

testimony to prevent another reader from adding their own inflections to the 

testimony. Tr. Vol. II at 291. The State argued that it should be allowed to 

have its choice of reader to present evidence in its case-in-chief and that the jury 

could be confused by having Lindsey read the prior testimony. Id. The trial 

court agreed with the State and said it did not think it appropriate to allow 

Lindsey to read the testimony. Id. Later in the trial before the prior testimony 

was read, Lindsey raised several objections to it but did not renew his request to 

read his testimony into evidence. Tr. Vol. at 2126-27. The State had a detective 

who had not been involved with the investigation read Lindsey’s prior 

testimony to avoid any risk of undue influence or inappropriate inflections 

added to the testimony. Id. at 2128. Before the detective read the testimony,

the trial court admonished him to read the words in the transcript without 

added inflections, and the detective agreed. Id. at 2196.
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[19] During the investigation of the crime scene, a number of spots of blood were 

located on the wall near the headboard of the bed where Melinda was shot, and 

DNA tests later revealed that the blood belonged to Lindsey. Testimony was 

presented that the shape, location, and other characteristics of the blood spatter 

was inconsistent with having come from Melinda’s fatal wound. Lindsey

objected and contended that the stains were irrelevant and unduly prejudicial. 

He alleged that the blood could not have been placed on the wall at the time of 

the murder because he had no visible injuries on his body at the time that police 

photographed him after the murder. Tr. Vol. V at 1130-32. The trial court 

overruled the objection.

[20] The State also sought to admit evidence that Lindsey had euthanized Melinda’s 

dogs shortly after her murder. Lindsey objected to the evidence on the basis 

that it was irrelevant and unduly prejudicial, arguing that it was merely 

designed to elicit sympathy from any dog lovers on the jury. Tr. Vol. VIII at

1844-45. The State responded that the evidence was relevant for two reasons:

first, the vet records contained notes about the aggressive nature of the pit bull 

mix that undermined Lindsey’s claim that an intruder had entered the house 

without being attacked by the dog or causing it to bark and wake either Melinda 

or Lindsey; and second, Lindsey’s decision to have both of Melinda’s dogs 

euthanized so soon after her death along with other evidence showed a pattern 

of behavior that was inconsistent with that of a grieving widower and suggested 

that he was trying to rid his life of all traces of Melinda. Id. at 1844, 1846. The 

trial court overruled Lindsey’s objection.
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[21] During his case, Lindsey sought to admit and play for the jury numerous videos 

of interviews that police conducted after they were alerted to the claim that

Manning had confessed to killing Melinda. In their investigation of that claim,

the police interviewed Manning, his father, his ex-wife, and the woman who 

had approached the police. Lindsey acknowledged that the interviews were 

“on face hearsay,” but claimed that he was not offering them for the truth of the 

matter asserted. Tr. Vol. XI at 2587. Instead, he asserted that allowing the jury 

to watch the videos would show that the police had not seriously investigated

Manning’s alleged confession. Id. In support of this argument, Lindsey cited 

only the example of one officer, in one video, who allegedly stated, “‘[c]ome 

on, just tell us anything, we want to get out of here,’” to show the probative 

value of the content of the lengthy videos. Id. at 2587. At that time, Manning, 

his father, and his ex-wife had already testified during the trial. The trial court 

excluded the videos after noting that Lindsey had the opportunity to present

evidence regarding the police investigation and the interviews through other 

witnesses. Id. at 2588. 

[22] On the morning of the murder, the police had noticed a boot print with a 

distinctive tread pattern by the front porch of the house and had photographed

it. During the trial, a detective testified that he believed that they compared the 

print to the tread patterns of all the boots in Lindsey’s home, and none had 

matched the print. The detective had also gone to various stores to see if he 

could locate a boot with a similar tread pattern, but was not able to locate any. 

However, after his initial testimony and while the trial was still occurring, the 
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detective decided to double check that he had compared the treads on all of 

Lindsey’s boots to the print. He discovered that the print did match the tread 

pattern of a pair of boots from the home; the matching boots had not been 

collected into evidence at the house with the other boots, but had been given to 

Lindsey to wear on the morning of the crime because he had exited the house 

barefoot. Tr. Vol. X at 2277. The boots were later collected from Lindsey with 

his other clothing when he was interviewed at the police station. 

[23] When the State was informed of this discovery, the prosecutor informed 

defense counsel, who sought to have the detective’s testimony excluded. The 

trial court allowed Lindsey to question the detective about his discovery outside 

the presence of the jury, and after this questioning, Lindsey renewed his request 

to exclude the evidence, claiming that he did not have adequate time to 

investigate it. The trial court denied the request to exclude. Before the witness 

testified, Lindsey requested a continuance to allow for examination of the 

evidence and to preserve the issue for appeal, and the trial court denied the 

request.

[24] At the conclusion of the jury trial, Lindsey was found guilty of murder. He was 

later sentenced to fifty-five years in the Indiana Department of Correction. 

Lindsey now appeals his conviction.
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Discussion and Decision

I. Denial of Continuance 

[25] Lindsey argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his 

motion for a continuance. The trial court has broad discretion in dealing with a 

discovery violation by the State in the alleged late disclosure of evidence to the 

defense. Kennedy v. State, 934 N.E.2d 779, 784 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (citing 

Berry v. State, 715 N.E.2d 864, 866 (Ind. 1999)). We will reverse the trial court’s 

ruling in such matters only for an abuse of discretion involving clear error and 

resulting prejudice. Berry, 715 N.E.2d at 866. The proper remedy for a 

discovery violation is generally a continuance. Id. “Exclusion of the evidence 

is an extreme remedy and is to be used only if the State’s actions were deliberate 

and the conduct prevented a fair trial.” Id. Failure to alternatively request a 

continuance upon moving to exclude evidence, where a continuance may be an 

appropriate remedy, constitutes a waiver of any alleged error based on 

noncompliance with the court’s discovery order. Warren v. State, 725 N.E.2d 

828, 832 (Ind. 2000).

[26] Lindsey contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his 

request for a continuance where the State disclosed new evidence in the middle 

of the trial. He asserts that the trial court allowed him an inadequate amount of 

time in which to investigate and prepare for the new evidence. Lindsey argues 

that, even though the officer who testified to the new evidence was not a new 

witness, his testimony regarding the boot print was not anticipated, and 

Lindsey required more time to properly investigate it. Lindsey further claims 
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that the trial court’s statement that the new evidence “[didn’t] go to 

admissibility but [to] the weight that a jury is going to give to it” was erroneous 

and did not afford him a sufficient remedy for the State’s newly-revealed 

evidence. Tr. Vol. X at 2274. 

[27] During the trial, a detective, testifying about the boot print with the distinctive 

tread pattern found outside the house the morning of the murder, stated that he 

believed they compared the print to the tread patterns of all the boots in the

home and had not found any that matched. The detective also went to various 

stores to try to locate a boot with a similar tread pattern, but was not able to do 

so. However, after his initial testimony, and while the trial was still ongoing, 

the detective decided to double check the treads on the boots from Lindsey’s 

house and discovered that the print did match the tread pattern of a pair of 

boots from the home. The matching boots had not been collected into evidence 

at the house with the other boots, but had been given to Lindsey to wear on the 

morning of the crime and were later collected from Lindsey with his other 

clothing when he was interviewed at the police station. The State informed 

defense counsel of this discovery when the State was made aware of the match. 

The trial court allowed Lindsey to question the detective about his discovery 

outside the presence of the jury, and after this questioning, Lindsey renewed his 

objection to the evidence, arguing that he did not have adequate time to 

investigate it. Before the witness testified, Lindsey requested a continuance to 

allow for examination of the evidence and to preserve the issue for appeal.
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[28] Prior to the challenged testimony by the detective, a picture of the boot print 

had been admitted into evidence and the detective had testified about the print’s 

distinctive tread pattern, where it had been found, and his efforts to try to match 

the print to boots from the house. Testimony was also presented that the police 

had given Lindsey a pair of boots to wear to the police station. Therefore, the 

only new evidence was that the tread pattern of the boots Lindsey wore to the 

police station matched the boot print. The challenged testimony consisted of 

the detective stating that he looked at the tread patterns of the boot taken from 

Lindsey at the police station and looked at the photograph of the boot print and 

noticed that the tread patterns were the same. Tr. Vol. X at 2277-79. The 

detective noted that unique markings of the boot print found outside the house 

matched the tread patterns of the boots taken from Lindsey. Id. Although 

Lindsey alleges that he did not have time to investigate the comparison, at trial, 

he did not inform the trial court of what specific analyses or consultations he 

believed were necessary and that he needed additional time to perform. 

Instead, he only mentioned having “questions” about the size of the print and

the shoe. Id. at 2273. Lindsey “must make a specific showing that the 

additional time requested would have aided him in order to show an abuse of 

discretion on the part of the trial court.” Clark v. State, 539 N.E.2d 9, 11 (Ind.

1989). Because nothing in the record suggests that a continuance would have

further aided Lindsey, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion 

when it denied Lindsey’s request for a continuance. 
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[29] We further find that the present case is distinguishable from Johnson v. State, 384 

N.E.2d 1035 (Ind. Ct. App. 1979), on which Lindsey relies. In Johnson, a 

firearms expert was first identified the day before trial and called to testify to 

technical issues that concerned the central claim in the case, whether the gun 

had fired intentionally or accidentally. The trial court denied Johnson’s request 

for a continuance, instead only allowing for a midtrial deposition. This court 

found that the midtrial deposition did not provide the defendant adequate time 

to prepare for the witness. Id. at 35-36. 

[30] Here, the detective’s testimony did not present any similar issues to Johnson.

The challenged testimony in the present case did not involve a highly technical 

subject, and Lindsey never suggested he wanted to consult an expert to rebut 

the testimony. Most importantly, whether the boot print belonged to Lindsey

or a third party was not central to the question of Lindsey’s guilt. The evidence 

merely eliminated the possibility that it belonged to a third-party intruder, but

this is unavailing as Lindsey did not contend the intruders entered through the 

front door; he believed they entered through a faulty garage door. The trial 

court did not abuse its discretion in denying Lindsey’s request for a 

continuance.

II. Juror Inquiry

[31] Lindsey contends that the trial court erred in not questioning Juror 7 more 

extensively when the juror decided to remain on the jury. Lindsey asserts that 

the trial court had a duty to determine the level of potential prejudice held by 
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Juror 7, which was a separate inquiry from whether the juror wished to stay on 

the jury for the conclusion of the trial. Lindsey argues that Juror 7’s response 

that she would remain on the jury did not reveal if she held any prejudice based 

on having to postpone her travel plans and that the trial court should have 

made a further inquiry in light of her earlier statement that she may be upset if 

her trip was interrupted. Lindsay also takes issue with the phrase “the bitter 

end” used by the trial court and claims that Juror 7’s response to the phrase 

could indicate the “distastefulness and unpleasantness of her sacrifice with 

regard to the travel plans.” Appellant’s Br. at 24. 

[32] During voir dire, Juror 7 informed the court that she had plans to attend an out 

of town wedding on March 10, 2016, but that she could delay her flight if 

necessary and still attend the wedding. Tr. Vol. II at 265-66. When asked if this 

would upset her, she replied “maybe a little,” but assured the trial court that she 

would not allow it to cause her to reach a quick verdict. Id. As the trial 

continued and March 10 drew near, the trial court reminded the parties of Juror 

7’s travel plans, noted that there were two alternate jurors, and requested that 

the parties consider whether they wanted to excuse Juror 7. Tr. Vol. X at 2316-

17. When it became clear that the trial would not be completed by March 10, 

the trial court brought Juror 7 into court and inquired if she wished to be 

excused from the jury or stay until “the bitter end.” Id. at 2411. Juror 7 stated 

that she would rather stay, and Lindsey declined the opportunity to further 

question the juror. Id. at 2411-12.
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[33] A claim of error must be raised during trial in order to be available as an issue 

on appeal, and the failure to raise such a claim generally waives that issue for 

appeal. Clark v. State, 915 N.E.2d 126, 131 (Ind. 2009). “We nevertheless 

sometimes entertain such claims under the rubric of ‘fundamental error.’” 

Caruthers v. State, 926 N.E.2d 1016, 1020 (Ind. 2010). Fundamental error is an 

error that makes a fair trial impossible or constitutes clearly blatant violations of 

basic and elementary principles of due process presenting an undeniable and 

substantial potential for harm. Id. 

[34] Lindsey argues that the trial court failed to inquire as to any potential bias or 

prejudice held by Juror 7, which denied him his right to a fair trial. The right to 

a fair trial before an impartial jury is a cornerstone of our criminal justice 

system. Whiting v. State, 969 N.E.2d 24, 28 (Ind. 2012) (citations omitted). It 

requires that a criminal defendant be given “a fair trial by a panel of impartial, 

‘indifferent’ jurors.” Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 722 (1961). A constitutionally 

impartial juror is one who is able and willing to lay aside his or her prior 

knowledge and opinions, follow the law as instructed by the trial judge, and 

render a verdict based solely on the evidence presented in court. Whiting, 969 

N.E.2d at 28 (citing Irwin, 366 U.S. at 722-23). “While courts have a duty to 

ensure an impartial jury, we have never held that they have the obligation to 

ensure the absence of any bias.” Caruthers, 926 N.E.2d at 1021 (emphasis in 

original). If a trial court determines that there is no risk of substantial prejudice, 

it has no duty to investigate further into potential juror bias. Id. 
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[35] In Caruthers, 926 N.E.2d 1016, which Lindsay cites to in support of his 

argument, our Supreme Court held that the determination of whether the trial 

court should have proceeded with questioning jurors turned on whether the trial 

judge could have reasonably concluded that there was little likelihood of actual 

prejudice. Id. at 1021. Here, the trial court asked Juror 7 how she wanted to 

proceed when it became apparent that the trial would not conclude before 

March 10 and would impede her travel plans and even offered Juror 7 the 

opportunity to be released from the jury completely. Taking into account that 

Juror 7’s only stated minor concern during voir dire was about the disruption of 

her trip, it was reasonable for the trial court to conclude there was no actual 

bias on the part of Juror 7. When given the opportunity to be released from the 

jury, Juror 7 stated she would rather stay due to the amount of time already 

invested in the trial. We conclude that it was reasonable for the trial court to 

believe there was no substantial risk of bias in light of Juror 7’s decision to stay 

on the jury. Further, just because the trial court used the phrase “the bitter end” 

when inquiring as to whether Juror 7 wished to remain on the jury until the 

completion of the trial does not imply bias. These were not words used by 

Juror 7, and the phrase is a common expression; it is not likely that Juror 7 

interpreted this phrase as the trial court expressing a sincere opinion on the 

experience of remaining on the jury. Lindsey has not shown that fundamental 

error occurred.
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III. Blood Evidence

[36] Lindsey contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it admitted 

evidence of blood spots found on the wall near where Melinda was shot that 

belonged to him. “Questions regarding the admission of evidence are entrusted 

to the sound discretion of the trial court.” Harrison v. State, 32 N.E.3d 240, 250 

(Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied. Accordingly, we review the trial court’s 

decision on appeal only for an abuse of that discretion. Id. The trial court 

abuses its discretion only if its decision regarding the admission of evidence is 

clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it, or if 

the court has misinterpreted the law. Id. We do not reweigh the evidence, and 

we consider conflicting evidence in a light most favorable to the trial court’s 

ruling, but we also consider any undisputed evidence that is favorable to the 

defendant. Id.

[37] During the trial, the State sought to admit evidence that a number of spots of 

blood were found on the wall near the headboard of the bed where Melinda was 

shot, and DNA tests revealed that the blood belonged to Lindsey. Testimony 

was presented that the shape, location, and other characteristics of the blood 

spatter was inconsistent with having come from Melinda’s fatal wound. 

[38] Lindsey argues that it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to admit the 

blood evidence attributed to him that was discovered on the wall near where 

Melinda was shot. Lindsey asserts that, because he had no injuries at the time 

he was interviewed by the police that were capable of producing such blood 
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spatter, the blood must have been from an unrelated incident and was, 

therefore, not relevant as to whether he murdered Melinda. Lindsey also 

contends that allowing such evidence to be admitted was highly prejudicial 

because it invited the jury to speculate as to how the blood ended up on the 

wall.

[39] However, the presence of the blood spatter on the wall above the headboard of 

the bed in which Melinda was shot was relevant to the investigation. In fact, 

prior to trial, Lindsey moved to compel testing of the blood stains, and during 

his first trial, he questioned officers extensively about why the blood had not yet

been tested; therefore, it seems that Lindsey believed that establishing the

source of the blood was important. This blood evidence was relevant in 

establishing that the blood was not placed there by some unknown perpetrator 

and to eliminate other possible suspects and refute Lindsey’s claim that an 

unidentified intruder killed Melinda. It was also relevant to establish that the 

blood did not come from Melinda’s fatal wound and assist in describing the 

crime scene to the jury. The evidence was relevant to demonstrate that the 

police thoroughly examined the crime scene and determined the source of the 

blood since Lindsey challenged the thoroughness of the investigation in this 

case. Additionally, Lindsey contends that it was impossible for his blood to 

have been placed on the wall at or near the time of the crime because he had no 

obvious open wounds when he was photographed by police the morning after 

the crime. However, even if there was no fresh and obvious open wound, there 

are other ways that a person’s blood could have gotten on the wall, such as 
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bleeding from the nose or mouth with no visible injuries or bleeding from 

relatively small wounds such as nicks from a razor that could go unnoticed. 

Further, contrary to Lindsey’s contention on appeal, it was not necessary for 

the State to prove how the blood got on the wall. The trial court noted that any 

dispute about when or how the blood was placed on the wall was for the jury to 

resolve, and Lindsey’s concerns were best addressed through cross-examination

of the witness, which Lindsey had an opportunity to do. Tr. Vol. V at 1130-31. 

We conclude that the trial court was within its discretion to admit the evidence 

pertaining to the blood spatter.

IV. Failure to Admit Interview Videos

[40] Lindsey claims that the trial court abused its discretion when it did not allow 

him to admit the video-recorded interviews of individuals that suggested a thirdparty committed the murder. We review a trial court’s decision to admit or 

exclude evidence for an abuse of discretion. Barnhart v. State, 15 N.E.3d 138, 

143 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014) (citing Hardiman v. State, 726 N.E.2d 1201, 1203 (Ind.

2000)). An abuse of discretion occurs where the trial court’s decision is clearly 

against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances presented. Id.

However, errors in the admission or exclusion of evidence are to be disregarded 

as harmless error unless they affect the substantial rights of a party. Id. (citing

Fleener v. State, 656 N.E.2d 1140, 1141 (Ind. 1995)). We, therefore, “will find 

an error in the exclusion of evidence harmless if its probable impact on the jury, 

in light of all of the evidence in the case, is sufficiently minor so as not to affect 
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the defendant’s substantial rights.” Id. (citing Williams v. State, 714 N.E.2d 644, 

652 (Ind. 1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1170 (2000)).

[41] Lindsey argues that the trial court’s failure to admit the video-recorded 

interviews that were related to the confession of a third party was an abuse of 

discretion. He asserts that the videos should have been admitted into evidence 

because they were relevant to his defense that the police did not conduct a 

thorough investigation and failed to follow up on other suspects. Lindsey 

argues that the videos were admissible because they were not hearsay since he 

sought to admit them for a purpose other than the truth of the statements 

contained in the videos, which was to demonstrate that the police did not 

conduct a proper investigation. He further contends that the trial court’s failure 

to admit the videos denied him his constitutional right to present a complete 

defense under the United States Constitution.

[42] Lindsey sought to admit and play for the jury numerous videos of interviews 

that police conducted after the police had been made aware of the claim that 

Manning had confessed to killing Melinda. In investigating that claim, the 

police interviewed Manning, his father, his ex-wife, and the woman who 

approached the police. Lindsey acknowledged to the trial court that the 

interviews were “on face hearsay,” but claimed that he was not offering them 

for the truth of the matter asserted and argued that the videos would show that 

the police had not seriously investigated Manning’s alleged confession. Tr. Vol. 

XI at 2587. In support of this argument, Lindsey cited only the example of one 

officer, in one video, who allegedly stated, “‘[c]ome on, just tell us anything, we 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 64A04-1703-CR-482 | October 25, 2017 Page 25 of 37

want to get out of here,’” to show the probative value of the content of the 

lengthy videos. Id. at 2587.

[43] When the admissibility of an out-of-court statement is challenged as hearsay, 

we first determine whether the testimony describes an out-of-court statement 

that asserts a fact susceptible of being true or false. Vertner v. State, 793 N.E.2d 

1148, 1151 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). If the statement does contain an assertion of 

fact, we consider the evidentiary purpose of the proffered statement. Id. If the 

statement is offered for a purpose other than to prove the truth of the matter 

asserted, we consider whether the fact to be proved is relevant to some issue in 

the case and whether the danger of unfair prejudice that may result from its 

admission outweighs its probative value. Id. Evidence is relevant if it has any 

tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the 

determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be 

without the evidence. Ind. Evidence Rule 401. 

[44] We agree that Lindsey’s stated purpose of challenging the thoroughness of the 

police investigation into the claim that someone else confessed to the murder is 

relevant. However, Lindsey has not shown how the excluded videos would 

have established that the police did not conduct a thorough investigation into 

another possible suspect. At trial, Lindsey only pointed to a single instance on 

one of the several videos he sought to admit in support of his claim that the 

police did not seriously investigate the claim that a third party committed the 

murder. Here, on appeal, he does not offer anything further regarding the 

content of the videos to support his claim. The videos contained almost nine 
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hours of interviews, with numerous police officers interviewing four different 

individuals concerning the allegations that Manning confessed to the murder of 

Melinda. Further, at the point at which Lindsey attempted to have the videos 

admitted into evidence, Manning, his father, and his ex-wife had already 

testified during the trial, and Lindsey had the opportunity to challenge the 

police investigation when cross-examining each of the police officers who 

testified. Although Lindsey offered a relevant non-hearsay purpose for the 

admission of the evidence, he did not prove that the contents of the videos had 

a strong tendency to support his stated purpose. We therefore conclude that 

Lindsey failed to establish that the video evidence was relevant and had high 

probative value. The trial court did not abuse its discretion excluding the 

videos from being admitted at trial.

[45] Lindsey argues that the trial court’s exclusion of the videos violated his right to 

present a defense under the United States Constitution. The Constitution 

guarantees criminal defendants “a meaningful opportunity to present a 

complete defense.” Crane v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 683, 690 (1986) (quoting 

California v. Trombetta, 467 U.S. 479, 485 (1984)). An essential component of 

procedural fairness is an opportunity to be heard. Id. However, the right to 

present a defense is not absolute. Schermerhorn v. State, 61 N.E.3d 375, 379 

(Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied. “The accused does not have an unfettered 

right to offer testimony that is incompetent, privileged, or otherwise 

inadmissible under standard rules of evidence.” Taylor v. Illinois, 484 U.S. 400, 

410 (1988). Evidence must be relevant to be admissible. Evid. R. 402. 
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[46] Based on Lindsey’s contentions and the evidence, he has not shown that the 

contents of the videos had a strong tendency to support his argument that the 

police did not conduct a complete investigation into a possible third-party 

suspect in the murder. The proposed video evidence consisted of many hours 

of interviews of multiple people, many of whom testified at trial. Lindsey also 

was able to cross-examine all of the officers who testified at trial regarding their 

investigation. We find that the proposed evidence was irrelevant pursuant to 

Indiana Evidence Rule 401 and, therefore, inadmissible under Evidence Rule 

402. Lindsey’s right to present a defense does not include a right to present 

evidence that does not comply with the evidentiary rules, and thus, the trial 

court did not violate his constitutional rights by not admitting the videos.

V. Reading of the Transcript

[47] Lindsey argues that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to allow him 

to read the transcript of his prior trial testimony into evidence at his third trial. 

He contends that his case turned on his credibility and the jury had to weigh the 

State’s circumstantial case against his testimony that a third party had 

committed the crime. Lindsey asserts that the jury could not adequately 

perform this task with a detective reading a cold record into evidence and that 

the trial court denied his ability to provide the jury with proper demeanor 

evidence. He maintains that the trial court’s decision allowed the State to 

present misleading and incomplete evidence at trial.

[48] At trial, the State requested permission, during its case-in-chief, to read into 

evidence the transcript of Lindsey’s testimony from the prior trial. Lindsay 
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asked that he be allowed to be the one to read the testimony to prevent another 

reader from adding their own inflections to the testimony. The State argued 

that it should be allowed to have its choice of reader to present evidence in its 

case-in-chief and that the jury could be confused by having Lindsey read the 

prior testimony. The trial court agreed with the State and said it did not think it 

appropriate to allow Lindsey to read the testimony. Before the prior testimony 

was read, Lindsey raised several objections to it but did not renew his request to

read his testimony into evidence. The State had a detective who had no

previous involvement in the investigation read Lindsey’s prior testimony, and 

the trial court admonished the detective to read the words in the transcript 

without added inflections. 

[49] We note that Lindsey does not provide a standard of review for this issue. 

However, “[a] trial court has wide discretion in managing the conduct of a trial 

in such a manner that facilitates the ascertainment of truth, insures fairness, and 

obtains economy of time and effort commensurate with the rights of both 

society and the defendant.” Roberts v. State, 894 N.E.2d 1018, 1027 (Ind. Ct. 

App. 2008) (citing Utley v. State, 589 N.E.2d 232, 239 (Ind. 1992), cert. denied,

506 U.S. 1058 (1993)), trans. denied. The trial court’s exercise of discretion will 

not be disturbed unless the defendant demonstrates that he or she was 

prejudiced by an abuse of that discretion. Id. 

[50] Lindsey does not argue on appeal that his prior testimony was inadmissible, 

and he does not raise any contention about the manner in which the testimony 

was actually read to the jury; his only argument is that he believes he should 
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have been the one to read the transcript. The trial court has discretion to 

determine how to conduct the trial and how Lindsey’s prior testimony should 

be read into evidence, and its decision to allow a witness with no involvement 

in the investigation to read the transcript with no embellishments or added 

inflection was within its discretion. Additionally, Lindsey was not deprived of 

his right to have the jury assess the credibility of the witnesses as he asserts. He 

testified at trial, and the jury was able to observe his demeanor and assess his 

credibility at that time. Further, Lindsey has not shown how he was prejudiced 

by the trial court not allowing him to read the transcript into evidence. The 

State sought to admit this evidence during its case-in-chief and chose a detective 

who had not been involved in the investigation of the murder to read the 

testimony. Before the detective read the testimony, the trial court admonished 

him to read the words in the transcript without added inflections, and the 

detective agreed. We find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in not 

allowing Lindsey to read the transcript of his prior testimony into evidence

during the State’s case-in-chief.

VI. Declaration of Mistrial

[51] Lindsey asserts that the trial court erred because it declared a mistrial when new 

evidence was discovered during his first trial and then later retried him. He 

contends that the trial court’s sua sponte declaration of mistrial and his later 

conviction violated the prohibition against double jeopardy under the Fifth 

Amendment to the United States Constitution. Lindsey argues that he did not 

consent to the mistrial, and instead, he requested that the trial be either 
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“continued or reset” as opposed to the jury being discharged. Appellant’s Br. at 

39. He further maintains that the mistrial was not justified by manifest 

necessity because the grant of a mistrial benefited the State, no alternative to 

mistrial had been considered, and the extreme remedy of mistrial was not 

justified because the jury could have been brought back to hear the case after an 

investigation into the new evidence was conducted.

[52] The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment, applicable to the states 

through the Fourteenth Amendment, provides that “[n]o person shall . . . be 

subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.” U.S. 

Const. amend. V; Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794 (1969). Once a jury is 

impaneled, jeopardy attaches, and a defendant is protected from being twice 

placed in jeopardy. Brock v. State, 955 N.E.2d 195, 199 (Ind. 2011), cert. denied, 

566 U.S. 909 (2012). The constitutional protection against double jeopardy has 

several features. Here, because the first trial ended in a mistrial, we focus on 

the defendant’s “valued right to have his trial completed by a particular 

tribunal,” Wade v. Hunter, 336 U.S. 684, 689 (1949), which means that the 

defendant has a right to have his trial completed by the first jury impaneled to 

try him, Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. 667, 673 (1982). Although this right is 

valued, it “must in some instances be subordinated to the public’s interest in fair

trials designed to end in just judgments.” Wade, 336 U.S. at 689. Thus, unlike 

a trial that has ended with a judgment on the merits, declaration of a mistrial 

does not automatically bar retrial. Arizona v. Washington, 434 U.S. 497, 505 

(1978).
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[53] If the trial judge declares a mistrial over the defendant’s objection, the 

defendant may be retried only if the government demonstrates that the mistrial 

was justified by a “manifest necessity” or that “the ends of public justice would 

otherwise be defeated.” Brock, 955 N.E.2d at 200 (quoting United States v. Perez,

22 U.S. 579, 580 (1824)). However, if the defendant consents to the mistrial, 

then retrial is permitted as a matter of course, unless the defendant can prove 

that the government intentionally goaded him or her into consenting to the 

mistrial “to subvert the protections afforded by the Double Jeopardy Clause.” 

Id. (quoting Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 676). Therefore, to determine if the State was 

permitted to retry Lindsey after his first trial ended in a mistrial, we must 

engage in a multi-step analysis. First, we consider whether Lindsey consented 

to the trial judge’s declaration of a mistrial. If so, then we consider whether the 

government goaded him into consenting. If he did not consent to the mistrial, 

then we consider whether it was justified by a “manifest necessity.”

[54] Lindsey contends that he did not consent to the declaration of a mistrial. In 

determining whether a defendant has consented to a mistrial, the Indiana 

Supreme Court has adopted the approach of the Seventh Circuit and numerous 

other federal circuit courts, which have held that a defendant can “tacitly 

consent to the mistrial because he failed to raise a contemporaneous objection.” 

Id. at 202-03 (citing United States v. Buljubasic, 808 F.2d 1260, 1265-66 (7th Cir. 

1987) (numerous additional citations omitted), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 815 

(1987)). The requirement of a contemporaneous objection “allows the 
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defendant to control the decision whether to go to the first jury or to forego that 

option and have a different jury decide his or her fate.” Id. at 203. 

[55] In the present case, when the State informed defense counsel of the new 

evidence, the parties jointly requested a continuance of trial to permit further 

investigation, and the trial court adjourned the trial for two days to permit 

further investigation. After this initial agreed continuance, Lindsey filed a 

“motion for continuance and/or additional time.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 75-

80, in which he listed the large amount of new evidence that has been produced 

by police and noted that it was “physically impossible” to review and 

investigate all of the recently obtained information before the trial was set to 

resume and that to proceed without delay would deprive him of due process. 

Id. at 77-80. He requested that “trial either be continued or reset for an 

adequate period of time to allow Defendant’s counsel to conduct his due 

diligence regarding this recent information.” Id. at 80.

[56] In requesting either a continuance or that the trial be reset, Lindsey sought relief 

other than just a continuance, as it seems his request for a reset of the trial was a 

request to declare a mistrial and reset the case for a new trial. This conclusion 

is further bolstered by Lindsey’s conduct when trial resumed after the 

continuance. The trial court informed the parties that it had considered 

Lindsey’s right to due process and the large amount of information that Lindsey

needed to investigate and decided that a further continuance of the trial would 

impinge on Lindsey’s rights. The trial court also stated that it had conducted 

research on the consequences of jeopardy attaching in the case and determined 
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that it would declare a mistrial in order to protect Lindsey’s rights. The parties 

and court then discussed rescheduling trial and chose a new start date for the 

trial. At no time during this discussion, did Lindsey raise any objection to the 

trial court’s decision or voice any disagreement with the trial court’s 

determination of the need for a mistrial. At that time, Lindsey’s only concern 

was whether the court would set bond in the interim. Only after this discussion 

and the setting of a new trial date was the jury returned to court and excused 

from service. Lindsey had a sufficient opportunity to object if he wanted to do 

so, and he chose not to do so. We, therefore, conclude that Lindsey tacitly 

consented to the mistrial by failing to lodge an objection. Cf. Brock, 955 N.E.2d 

at 203-04 (holding that a defendant’s failure to object will not be deemed to be 

consent if the trial court’s declaration of a mistrial does not allow the defendant 

the opportunity to object prior to discharging the jury). 

[57] Because Lindsey consented to the mistrial, he could be later retried without 

finding manifest necessity. However, we find that, even if he had not 

consented, a retrial would not have violated double jeopardy principles because 

manifest necessity existed. “‘We think, that in all cases of this nature, the law 

has invested Courts of justice with the authority to discharge a jury from giving 

any verdict, whenever, in their opinion, taking all the circumstances into 

consideration, there is a manifest necessity for the act, or the ends of public 

justice would otherwise be defeated.’” Brock, 955 N.E.2d at 206 (quoting Perez, 

22 U.S. at 580). A trial court has broad discretion in determining whether the 

totality of the circumstances shows that there is a manifest necessity for 
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declaring a mistrial, and the standard must be applied with attention to the 

particular problem confronting the trial court. Id. We review the trial court’s 

decision for an abuse of discretion, and it will be affirmed if a high degree of 

necessity is found. Id. at 207.

[58] Here, the mistrial was not caused by prosecutorial error, and nothing suggested 

that the State wanted a do-over in order to present a stronger case. The trial 

court noted that the State had promptly provided the newly discovered

evidence, once found, and although the evidence would potentially change the 

way the case was presented by both sides, the evidence was potentially 

exculpatory. Accordingly, it was Lindsey, not the State, who stood to benefit 

from its discovery, and there is no reason to conclude that the State wanted a 

new trial so that it could present a stronger case than it already had. Moreover,

when the mistrial was declared, the State had not begun to present any evidence

at all. Additionally, because the mistrial was declared so early, there was only a 

minimal burden on Lindsey to duplicate his efforts as the jury had only just 

been chosen, but no evidence had yet been presented. Further, the trial court 

made its decision to declare a mistrial after conducting legal research and taking 

sufficient time to consider the situation and the effect it had on Lindsey’s rights. 

[59] The necessity of the trial court’s decision is examined “in light of the steps taken 

by the trial court to avoid a mistrial, including whether counsel had an 

opportunity to be heard, whether the trial court considered alternatives, and 

whether the trial court’s decision came after adequate reflection.” Id. We 

conclude that, based on the totality of the circumstances, the trial court was 
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well within its discretion to find there was a manifest necessity for a mistrial. 

Lindsey’s later retrial was not barred by double jeopardy.

VII. Admission of Veterinary Records

[60] Lindsey contends that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting 

veterinary records that showed his consent to euthanize Melinda’s dogs. The 

decision to admit or exclude evidence is within the discretion of the trial court, 

and this decision is afforded great deference on appeal. Bell v. State, 29 N.E.3d 

137, 141 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied. Accordingly, we review the trial 

court’s decision for an abuse of this discretion, which occurs where the trial 

court’s decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and 

circumstances before it, or if the court misinterprets the law. Id.

[61] Lindsey argues that it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to admit into 

evidence veterinary records that showed his consent to euthanize Melinda’s 

dogs. He claims that the records were not relevant, and the State’s reasons for 

relevance were not supported by the evidence. Lindsey further asserts that the 

records were unduly prejudicial because the evidence was only admitted to 

appeal to the sympathies of members of the jury who happened to be dog lovers 

and to provoke “an instinct to punish.” Appellant’s Br. at 43. 

[62] At the time of her death, Melinda owned two dogs, one of which was an 

aggressive guard dog, who would attack anyone who appeared to be fighting 

with or attacking Melinda, even in a playful manner. The dog barked 

aggressively at anyone who approached the house. However, despite this, there 
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was no evidence that the dog barked or attacked the intruder that Lindsey 

claimed entered the house and killed Melinda. Less than a month after 

Melinda died, Lindsey took both of her dogs to a veterinarian and had them 

euthanized. 

[63] At trial, the State sought to admit the veterinary records showing that the dogs 

were euthanized, arguing the records were relevant for two reasons: (1) they 

supported that one of Melinda’s dogs was an aggressive guard dog; and (2) the 

fact that the dogs were euthanized so soon after Melinda died indicated that 

Lindsey was attempting to rid himself of the things that Melinda loved. 

Lindsey took Melinda’s dogs to their regular veterinarian to be euthanized, and 

the records contained a notation that one of the dogs needed to be muzzled 

during treatments and that the staff should be aware of potential biting. Tr. Vol. 

VIII at 1848; State’s Ex. 270. This evidence showed that Melinda’s dog was 

aggressive and bolstered the State’s assertion that it was unlikely that an 

intruder entered the house and killed Melinda because her dog would have 

barked or attacked if any intruder had been present. Additionally, the records 

showed that Lindsey took Melinda’s dogs to be euthanized within several 

weeks of her murder, which could demonstrate this was part of a pattern of 

behavior that was inconsistent with a grieving widower, including Lindsey’s 

decision to cremate Melinda and hold no funeral services against her family’s 

wishes, and suggested an indifference to his wife and his loss of her. We, 

therefore, conclude that the evidence was relevant. 
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[64] As to prejudice, “all evidence that is relevant to a criminal prosecution is 

inherently prejudicial, and thus the Evidence Rule 403 inquiry boils down to a 

balance of the probative value of the proffered evidence against the likely unfair 

prejudicial impact of that evidence.” Duvall v. State, 978 N.E.2d 417, 428 (Ind.

Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. We do not find that this evidence was unduly 

prejudicial, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting it.

[65] Affirmed.

[66] Najam, J., and Brown, J., concur.