J.S52008/14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

: PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee :

:

v. :

:

:

JASON PARKER, :

:

Appellant : No. 286 EDA 2013

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 21, 2012

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County 

Criminal Division No(s).: CP-51-CR-0014583-2011

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., ALLEN, and FITZGERALD,*JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.: FILED APRIL 20, 2015

Appellant, Jason Parker, appeals from the judgment of sentence 

entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas following a bench 

trial and his convictions for fleeing or attempting to elude police officer,1

criminal mischief,2simple assault,3and recklessly endangering another 

person.4 Appellant challenges the sufficiency of evidence for his criminal 

 

*

Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 75 Pa.C.S. § 3733(a).

2 18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2). This was graded as a second-degree 

misdemeanor. Order, 9/12/12.

3 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a).

4 18 Pa.C.S. § 2705.
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mischief conviction, the trial court’s denial of his motion for a medical 

expert, the weight of the evidence for all of his convictions, and whether his 

trial counsel was ineffective by not having a medical expert testify. We 

vacate his conviction and sentence for criminal mischief, and affirm the 

remaining convictions. Because Appellant was sentenced to no further 

penalty for criminal mischief, we need not remand for resentencing as we 

did not disturb the trial court’s overall sentencing scheme.

We adopt the facts and procedural history set forth by the trial court. 

See Trial Ct. Op., 10/28/13, at 1-11. We add that Appellant, although 

represented by counsel, filed numerous pro se motions,5including a motion 

requesting $2,000 to pay for, inter alia, a “diabetic expert doctor” to testify 

on his behalf. Appellant’s Pro Se Mot. to Provide Funds for the Def. to Hire 

an [sic] Diabetic Doctor, 5/29/12, at 1. The court did not rule on any of 

Appellant’s pro se motions. 

After a bench trial and a guilty verdict, the court sentenced Appellant 

on September 12, 2012, to nine to eighteen months’ incarceration for fleeing 

or attempt to elude a police officer.6 The court imposed no penalty for the 

remaining convictions. On September 14, 2012, Appellant filed a timely 

counseled post-sentence motion, which did not challenge the weight of the 

 

5 Appellant served his pro se motions on his counsel, among others.

6 We note Appellant rejected a plea offer of nine to twenty-three months’ 

imprisonment.
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evidence. Before the court ruled on Appellant’s post-sentence motion and 

while still represented by his then-counsel, Appellant filed a pro se notice of 

appeal on January 9, 2013. 

On January 18, 2013, Appellant’s new counsel entered her 

appearance. On February 5, 2013, the trial court ordered pro se Appellant 

to comply with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), but did not serve the order on Appellant’s 

new counsel. Appellant then filed a pro se Rule 1925(b) statement on 

February 20, 2013. On March 1, 2013, Appellant withdrew his counseled 

post-sentence motion. On April 19, 2013, the court granted Appellant’s new 

counsel permission to file a revised Rule 1925(b) statement. Appellant’s 

counsel filed a revised Rule 1925(b) statement on May 9, 2013. 

Appellant raised the following issues on appeal:

Whether the verdict is insufficient as a matter of law 

specifically with respect to criminal mischief where 

[Appellant’s] acts do not meet the definition of the crime 

because he did not utilize any hazardous materials or 

tamper with any tangible objects as required by the 

crime[.]

Whether the trial court erred in denying [Appellant’s] 

motion for medical expert[.]

Whether the verdict was against the weight of the 

evidence and insufficient as a matter of law where the 

police officer’s testimony and the testimony of Nafakha 

Muwwakkil were not credible and [Appellant] credibly 

testified that he went into a diabetic shock and passed out 

behind the wheel? Furthermore, the Commonwealth did 

not prove the element of criminal intent as required by 

each of the statutes[.]
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Whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence

where the police did not have probable cause to stop 

[Appellant] and pursue him where the police allegedly 

attempted to pull him over for talking on a cell phone and 

it was legal to do so. The police also did not have probable 

cause to stop [Appellant] for failing to have insurance 

where the uncontroverted evidence was that this vehicle 

was insured[.]

Whether trial counsel was ineffective for failing to present 

a medical expert who could have testified to the effects of 

diabetes, failing to present [Appellant’s] wife who was an 

eyewitness, and misrepresenting to [Appellant] that a 

bench trial was in [Appellant’s] best interest?

Appellant’s Brief at 5 (reordered to facilitate disposition).

As a prefatory matter, we resolve the validity of Appellant’s pro se

notice of appeal while he was represented by counsel. In Commonwealth 

v. Cooper, 27 A.3d 994 (Pa. 2011), our Supreme Court resolved a similarly 

vexing procedural posture involving a premature pro se notice of appeal and 

a subsequent, counseled post-sentence motion. Id. at 996. The posture 

was further complicated by the trial court’s failure to forward the pro se

notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 576(A)(4), the court’s denial of the 

counseled post-sentence motion, and a timely counseled notice of appeal. 

Id. at 1006-07. The Cooper Court resolved the conundrum by holding, 

inter alia, that the pro se notice of appeal was premature and perfected after 

the trial court denied the subsequent counseled post-sentence motion. Id.

at 1007. 

Given that the instant procedural posture is analogous to the posture 

in Cooper, we similarly hold that Appellant’s pro se notice of appeal—filed 
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after counsel filed a post-sentence motion but before the court ruled on it—

was premature. Cf. id. at 1005-08. We also hold that Appellant perfected 

his appeal after he withdrew the counseled post-sentence motion. Cf. id. 

Furthermore, because the trial court failed to serve counsel with its Rule 

1925(b) order and the court permitted counsel to file a revised Rule 1925(b) 

statement, we decline to find any Rule 1925 waiver. Cf. id.

We now address the merits. In support of his first issue, Appellant 

contends the evidence was insufficient to convict him for criminal mischief. 

He maintains that he “collided with another car while driving down the wrong 

way” of a one-way street. Appellant’s Brief at 14. He suggests that his 

conduct was unintentional and, at best, the Commonwealth established 

reckless behavior. Id. We hold Appellant is due relief.7

The standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence is 

de novo, as it is a question of law. Commonwealth v. Ratsamy, 934 A.2d 

1233, 1235 (Pa. 2007).

[T]he critical inquiry on review of the sufficiency of the 

evidence to support a criminal conviction . . . does not 

require a court to ask itself whether it believes that the 

evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable 

doubt. Instead, it must determine simply whether the 

evidence believed by the fact-finder was sufficient to 

support the verdict.

 

7 We note the Commonwealth argued the evidence was sufficient for a 

conviction under 18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(5). See Commonwealth’s Brief at 

12. Appellant, however, was convicted of violating 18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2). 

Trial Ct. Op. at 1; accord Order, 9/12/12, at 1.
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Id. at 1235-36 (citations and quotation marks omitted). “When reviewing 

the sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court must determine whether 

the evidence, and all reasonable inferences deducible from that, viewed in 

the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, are 

sufficient to establish all of the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable 

doubt.” Id. at 1237 (citation and quotation marks omitted).

The Pennsylvania Crimes Code defines criminal mischief as follows:

(a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of criminal 

mischief if he:

* * *

(2) intentionally or recklessly tampers with tangible 

property of another so as to endanger person or 

property;

18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2). 

Section 302 of the Crimes Code defines intentionally and recklessly as 

follows:

(b) Kinds of culpability defined.—

(1) A person acts intentionally with respect to a 

material element of an offense when:

(i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct 

or a result thereof, it is his conscious object to engage 

in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result; and

(ii) if the element involves the attendant 

circumstances, he is aware of the existence of such 

circumstances or he believes or hopes that they exist.

* * *
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(3) A person acts recklessly with respect to a material 

element of an offense when he consciously disregards a 

substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element 

exists or will result from his conduct. The risk must be of 

such a nature and degree that, considering the nature and 

intent of the actor’s conduct and the circumstances known 

to him, its disregard involves a gross deviation from the 

standard of conduct that a reasonable person would 

observe in the actor’s situation.

18 Pa.C.S. § 302(b)(3). 

The material element is “tamper,” which is not defined by Chapter 33 

of the Crimes Code. Section 302, however, mirrors the proposed language 

in the Model Penal Code. Model Penal Code § 220.3(1)(b) (1962) (“A person 

is guilty of criminal mischief if he: . . . purposely or recklessly tampers with 

tangible property of another so as to endanger person or property”). The 

Model Penal Code comment sheds some light on the intended reach of the 

statute:

Tampering with Property. Subsection (1)(b) extends 

the traditional malicious-mischief offense to situations 

where the defendant tampers with the property of another 

in a way that may not itself cause damage but that 

creates a risk of danger to person or property. Examples 

would be the unauthorized moving of a railroad switch, or 

the unauthorized setting of a control lever in an industrial 

plant in a way that endangers workmen or the quality of 

the product. The offense requires that the actor purposely 

or recklessly tamper with the tangible property of another 

“so as to endanger person or property.” The quoted 

phrase describes an actual risk of danger that must exist, 

as to which the defendant must at least be reckless. 

Actual harm need not occur.
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Model Penal Code § 220.3 note (emphasis added). One dictionary defines 

“tamper” as “to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse.” 

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2336 (1986).

The Commonwealth must “prove that the nature of [the defendant’s] 

conduct was to consciously cause the result the statute here in question 

seeks to guard against, i.e., tampering with tangible property of another 

with the intent to place person or property in danger.” Commonwealth v. 

Moll, 543 A.2d 1221, 1223 (Pa. Super. 1998) (plurality).8 In Moll, the 

defendant was charged with criminal mischief under subsection (a)(2) for 

“cutting a hole in a fifteen-inch storm drain pipe.” Id. at 1222. The 

defendant admitted to damaging the pipe but denied he had criminal intent:

[The defendant] denies, however, that he was motivated 

by malice, i.e., an evil motive, to endanger property. 

Rather, he claims that this act was necessary to protect 

his property from flooding. The flooding caused damage 

to the understructure of [the defendant’s] property, and 

his method of “self-help” actually alleviated the problem 

because it facilitated surface drainage of water from his 

property. We believe [the defendant’s] reasoning here to 

be that his conduct did not rise to the level of harm which 

the criminal mischief statute was designed to prevent.

Id. at 1223.

 

8

In Moll, two of the three judges on the panel concurred in the result. “We 

are of course mindful that plurality decisions are not binding as precedent.” 

Commonwealth v. Antoszyk, 985 A.2d 975, 981 (Pa. Super. 2009) 

(citation omitted).
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The Moll Court held that the Commonwealth failed to establish the 

defendant intended to damage the pipe with the intended result of 

“clogging” and backing up the pipe with the ultimate result of “ponding of 

water.” Id. at 1224. The Court also held the Commonwealth did not 

demonstrate that the defendant “disregarded an unjustifiable and substantial 

risk that his conduct would produce the intended result,” i.e., was reckless. 

Id. Thus, regardless of whether the defendant intentionally or recklessly cut 

the pipe, the Superior Court held the Commonwealth did not demonstrate 

the defendant’s conduct “cause[d] the harm which the statute seeks to 

protect against.” Id. at 1225. 

Instantly, viewing the record in the Commonwealth’s favor, the 

evidence believed by the fact-finder established that Appellant’s vehicle hit 

the victim’s car on the passenger side, backed up and “skimmed” the 

victim’s car, and then drove back the opposite way, damaging the victim’s 

car on the driver’s side. N.T. Trial, 9/12/12, at 14-16. We also acknowledge 

that Appellant conceded his actions at least constituted recklessness. 

Appellant’s Brief at 14. 

Nonetheless, we cannot agree that the record established Appellant 

recklessly, i.e., consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk, 

by interfering—in a non-damaging fashion—with the victim’s car in such a 

manner as to create a risk of danger to person or property. See Model 

Penal Code 220.3 note (extending “malicious-mischief offense to situations 
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where the defendant tampers with the property of another in a way that 

may not itself cause damage but that creates a risk of danger to person or 

property”). The fact that Appellant recklessly drove his vehicle into the 

victim’s car and damaged it is simply not analogous to “the unauthorized 

moving of a railway switch, or the unauthorized setting of a control lever in 

an industrial plant,” each a non-damaging action. See id. Analogous to the 

defendant in Moll, who lacked the intent to clog the pipe, Appellant engaged 

in the instant behavior while fleeing from the police. Cf. Moll, 543 A.2d at 

1225. Accordingly, even after considering the evidence believed by the factfinder, we cannot hold that the evidence was sufficient to establish Appellant 

recklessly tampered with the victim’s car in a non-damaging fashion as to 

create a risk to person or property. Cf. Model Penal Code 220.3 note; 

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged 2336 (1986).

For his second issue, Appellant argues the court erred by denying his 

pro se motion for funds to pay for a medical expert to testify about diabetes. 

We deny Appellant relief. As noted above, Appellant was represented by 

counsel when he filed his pro se motion; thus, the court could not—and did 

not—rule on his motion. See Pa.Crim.P. 576(A)(4). Because Appellant did 

not properly move for relief through counsel, the trial court did not rule on 

the merits of Appellant’s pro se motion. Accordingly, there is no ruling that 

could be reviewed on appeal. See generally Pa.R.A.P. 302. 
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We summarize Appellant’s arguments for his third and fourth issues. 

In support of his third issue, Appellant contends the Commonwealth failed to 

introduce evidence establishing an intent to flee the police and damage 

another vehicle. He maintains “he blacked out after a diabetic episode and 

could not remember what happened.” Appellant’s Brief at 11. For his fourth 

issue, Appellant argues the police officer’s testimony was not credible and 

thus the police lacked probable cause to stop him for using a cellular phone 

while driving and for not having insurance. He maintains that he introduced 

evidence he was insured. For both of these issues, Appellant suggests the 

verdict was against the weight of the evidence. We hold Appellant waived 

his issues.

An argument that witnesses are not credible is an argument 

challenging the weight of the evidence. Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911 

A.2d 558, 566 (Pa. Super. 2006). The evaluation of the credibility of 

witnesses is within the exclusive domain of the fact-finder. 

Commonwealth v. Akers, 572 A.2d 746, 752 (Pa. Super. 1990). This 

Court cannot “entertain a challenge to the weight of the evidence since [its] 

examination is confined to the ‘cold record.’” Commonwealth v. Brown, 

648 A.2d 1177, 1191 (Pa. 1994) (citation omitted). We only review whether 

the trial court abused its discretion when it evaluated the challenge. Id.

(limiting review of weight of evidence to whether trial court abused 

discretion and not assessing credibility of witnesses). For these reasons, a 
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challenge to the weight of evidence may not be raised for the first time on 

appeal. Id.; see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A). Thus, if the issue is not raised 

with the trial court initially, it is waived. Commonwealth v. Sherwood, 

982 A.2d 483, 494 (Pa. 2009). 

Instantly, Appellant argues the testimony of the Commonwealth’s 

witnesses were not credible. Appellant’s argument challenges the weight of 

the evidence. See Lewis, 911 A.2d at 566. Appellant, however, did not 

raise a weight claim in his post-sentence motion, which he withdrew. Thus, 

because Appellant failed to raise his weight claims before the trial court, he 

has waived them on appeal. See Sherwood, 982 A.2d at 494. 

With respect to Appellant’s last issue, it is well-settled that challenges 

to the effectiveness of counsel are generally deferred until collateral review. 

See Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726, 739 (Pa. 2002). There are 

two exceptions: 

First, we appreciate that there may be extraordinary 

circumstances where a discrete claim (or claims) of trial 

counsel ineffectiveness is apparent from the record and 

meritorious to the extent that immediate consideration 

best serves the interests of justice; and we hold that trial 

courts retain their discretion to entertain such claims. 

Second, with respect to other cases and claims, 

including cases such as [Commonwealth v. Bomar, 826 

A.2d 831 (Pa. 2003)] and the matter sub judice, where the 

defendant seeks to litigate multiple or prolix claims of 

counsel ineffectiveness, including non-record-based claims, 

on post-verdict motions and direct appeal, we repose 

discretion in the trial courts to entertain such claims, but 

only if (1) there is good cause shown, and (2) the unitary 

review so indulged is preceded by the defendant’s knowing 
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and express waiver of his entitlement to seek PCRA review 

from his conviction and sentence, including an express 

recognition that the waiver subjects further collateral 

review to the time and serial petition restrictions of the 

PCRA.

Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562, 563-64 (Pa. 2013) (citation and 

footnotes omitted). 

Instantly, we agree with the trial court that Appellant failed to raise his 

ineffectiveness claims for consideration by the trial court and, moreover, did 

not knowingly waive his right to seek PCRA review. See id. Accordingly, we 

decline to address Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims on direct appeal, and he 

is free to raise them again in a PCRA petition. See Grant, 813 A.2d at 739. 

Accordingly, we reverse Appellant’s conviction for criminal mischief, vacate 

the sentence for criminal mischief, affirm his remaining convictions, and 

affirm the judgment of sentence in part. 

Conviction for criminal mischief is reversed and judgment of sentence 

thereto is vacated. In all other respects, the judgment of sentence is 

affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judge Allen joins the memorandum. 

President Judge Gantman concurs in the result. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 4/20/2015
I Prior to the entry of appearance by current counsel, on February 20, 2013, the defendant, in a prose capacity, filed 

a rambling, handwritten, 11 point (plus subparts). 15 page l 925(b) Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal. 

After the appearance of current counsel, this Court granted counsel permission to file a revised l 925(b) statement, 

after her review of the Notes of Testimony, in order to refine the appellate issues. 

raises the following issues: 

In his Revised l 925(b) Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal 1, the defendant 

adjudged not guilty of Resisting Arrest (18 Pa.C.S. §5104). 

elude charge, with no further penalty on all of the other charges. Further, the defendant was 

months incarceration to be followed by two (2) years of probation on the fleeing or attempting to 

Endangering Another Person (18 Pa.C.S. §2705). He was sentenced to nine (9) to eighteen (18) 

with Property (18 Pa.C.S §3304(a)); Simple Assault (18 Pa.C.S §2701 (a); and, Recklessly 

Fleeing or Attempting to Elude Officer (75 Pa.C.S §3733(a)); Criminal Mischief -Tampering 

On September 12, 2012, at a non-jury trial, this Court adjudged the defendant guilty of 

a post-trial motion for reconsideration. 

2012. The defendant filed a timely Notice of Appeal on January 9, 2013, following the denial of 

This is the defendant, Jason Parker's, appeal of this Court's findings of September 12, 

11111 II 11111111111 Ill\ II\ OPINION OF THE TRIAL COURT 7078651371 

CP-51-CR-0014583-2011 Cornm. v. Parker, Jason 

Op1n1on 

286 EDA 2013 

JASON PARKER SUPERIOR COURT DOCKET NO.: 

v. TRIAL DIVISION 

COMMONWEALTH OF PA CP-51-CR-0014583-2011 

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY 

FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA 

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2 

received subsequent to defendant's arrest on December 12, 2011 (Exhibit D-1). 

over the Commonwealth's objection, certain hospital/medical paperwork relative to treatment 

stage of the proceedings, but was present during the trial. This Court also accepted into evidence, 

automobile insurance agent, Steven Torpey, Jr. Defendant's wife testified during the sentencing 

Brad Momme. The defendant testified on his own behalf and also presented the testimony of his 

individuals, an eyewitness/victim, Ms. Nafakha Muwwakkil, and Philadelphia Police Officer 

On September 12, 20 I 2, the Commonwealth presented the testimony of two (2) 

a. failing to present a medical expert who could have testified to 

the effects of diabetes, 

b. failing to present the Defendant's wife who was an 

eyewitness, 

c. misrepresenting that it would be the defendant's best interest 

to select a bench trial. 

5. Trial counsel was ineffective for: 

4. The trial court erred in denying the Defendant's motion for a medical 

expert. 

3. The verdict was against the weight of the evidence where police did 

not have probable cause to stop the Defendant and pursue him where the 

police allegedly attempted to pull him over for talking on a cellular 

telephone and it was legal for the Defendant to do so. The police also did 

not have probable cause to stop the Defendant for failing to have insurance 

where the uncontroverted evidence was that this vehicle was insured. 

2. The verdict is insufficient as a matter of law specifically with respect 

to criminal mischief where the Defendant's acts do not meet the definition 

of the crime because he did not utilize any hazardous materials or tamper 

with any tangible objects as required by the crime. 

1. The verdict was against the weight of the evidence and insufficient 

as a matter of law where the police officer testimony and the testimony of 

Nafakha Muwwakkil was not credible and the Defendant credibly testified 

that he went into diabetic shock and passed out behind the wheel. 

Furthermore, the Commonwealth did not prove the element of criminal 

intent as required by each of the statutes. 

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3 

While she was at the stop sign, a car coming from the opposite direction on Uber St., 

traveling in the wrong direction on Uber St., turned and hit the vehicle she was operating. This 

vehicle then backed up and skimmed her car. It then proceeded in the opposite direction past her, 

again hitting her on the driver's side. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 14, L. l-6. As a result of being struck, 

the vehicle she was driving sustained damages to the passenger side front end, passenger door, 

driver's side and the driver's door. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 15, L. 23 to P. 16, L. 6. Ms. Muwwakkil 

waited in the vehicle until an ambulance arrived and took her to the hospital. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 

16, L. 12-19. She suffered injuries to her neck, back and knee and missed a week from work 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 16, L. 22-25. She received several months of medical care. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 

18, L. 8-9. 

After the vehicle struck the car she was operating, it sped off, but because it was dark, she 

could not see the operator. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 19, L. 14-21. This concluded her direct testimony. 

The defense did not cross-examine her. 

Prior to the start of trial, this Court performed an on the record colloquy of the defendant 

to determine if his election to waive his right to a jury trial was voluntary, knowing and 

intelligent. Based upon the defendant's responses, this Court concluded that he did, in fact, 

voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently waived said right. See N.T., 09- 12-12, P. 5, L. 10 to P. 

12, L.4. The defendant waived formal arraigmnent and entered pleas of not guilty to all charges. 

The Commonwealth first called Nafakha Muwwakkil who testified that on December 

12, 2011, at about 8:23 p.m., she was operating her friend's motor vehicle in the area of 7100 

Andrews A venue, Philadelphia, Pa. She was at the stop sign of Andrews A venue and Uber Street 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 13, L. 7-15. 

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4 

1 that vehicle, and continued to drive at a very 

2 high speed away from that incident, we were 

3 still pursuing the vehicle as the vehicle took 

4 off. 

5 We continued to chase the vehicle 

6 approximately two to three blocks, where it 

7 came to stop, a male fell out of the vehicle, 

8 left the vehicle running on the 7000 block of 

9 71 st. He bailed out on foot, left the vehicle 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 23: 

6 the registration was suspended due to 

7 insurance cancellation. We attempted to pull 

8 the vehicle over on the 2000 block of 72nd 

9 Avenue with lights and sirens activated, 

IO that's when the vehicle began to speed off at 

11 a high rate of speed. The vehicle turned 

12 westbound on Andrews and began from there. It 

13 went on for approximately six, seven blocks. 

14 The vehicle went northbound on the 1900 block 

15 of Dallas, which was the wrong way. It was 

16 one way southbound, which he turned back onto 

17 Andrews A venue when he struck a blue Toyota 

18 Solera with a PA tag of GJX7621, filled out an 

19 accident report, 201114090920, that's the 

20 accident report taken for that incident. The 

21 defendant struck the driver's side fender and 

22 door. That vehicle was being operated by a 

23 female. He struck that door, proceeded to 

24 kind of push the vehicle -- try to over 

25 compensate into the park vehicle, bounce off 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 22: 

that: 

phone while driving a vehicle. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 21, L. 17-21. An NCIC/PCIC check revealed 

12-12, P. 21, L. 5-8. He testified that he attempted to stop the defendant who was operating a cell 

with whom he had contact on the date, time and location giving rise to these charges .. N. T., 09- 

14111 Police District. Officer Momme positively identified the defendant in Court as the person 

The Commonwealth then called Police Officer Brad Momme, Badge No. 7631, of the 

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5 

other officers. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 31, L. 22-23. 

on foot. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 31, L. 1-3. He was arrested and then transported from the scene by 

P. 30, L. 7. At the end of the chase, the defendant stopped his vehicle and then attempted to flee 

and also for the insurance cancelation per the NCIC/PCIC check. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 29, L. 3 to 

defendant over was for use of a cellphone while driving, which he stated was a code violation, 

On cross-examination, Officer Momme admitted that the reason for attempting to pull the 

cancellation. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 28, L. 1-16. 

outstanding tickets. The defendant's vehicle was "Live Stopped>' due to the insurance 

insurance cancelation; reckless driving; and, license suspended due to being a scofflaw with 56 

The defendant was issued three (3) citations, one each for registration suspended for 

(2) vehicles and fleeing the scene. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 27, L. 5-8. 

the entire chase, this Officer observed the defendant not using turn signals, swerving, hitting two 

area and the defendant disregarded numerous stop signs. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 26, L. 9-19. During 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 24, L. 22 to P. 25, L. 20. The chase took place over more than a six (6) block 

during the 1 to 3 minute police chase. This officer never lost sight of the defendant's vehicle. 

sped off, he estimated that the defendant was operating his vehicle at least twice that speed 

Officer Momme testified that the speed limit in the area is 25 mph and after the defendant 

10 running, heavy front-end damage. I gave 

11 chase, never losing sight of the male. I 

12 caught the male on the 1900 block of Dallas, 

13 the male was taken into custody. The vehicle 

14 was Live Stopped. The defendant did take -- 

15 I'm sorry, did receive three different 

16 citations. One for the registration being 

17 suspended, also reckless driving, and license 

18 being suspended. 

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With the admission of Commonwealth Exhibits C-1, C-2 and C-3 into evidence without 

objection, the Commonwealth rested. 

This Court found both the testimony of Ms. Muwwakkil as well as Officer Momme 

credible in regard to the events of this police chase involving the defendant. Cross-examination 

failed to reveal any discrepancies, conflicts or other inconsistencies in their testimony and no 

bias or prejudice of either witness was exposed. This Court accepted their testimony as truthful, 

credible and reliable. 

It is well established that the trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses 

and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence. 

Commonwealth, v. Smith, 2013 PA Super 100 (Pa. Super. Ct. May l, 2013). This Court chose 

to believe these witnesses' testimony. Further, the defendant claims that since their testimony is 

not credible, the evidence is not sufficient to support the verdict. This claim is misplaced, as 

credibility applies to the weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency. See Commonwealth I'. 

Dougherty, 860 A.2d 31, 36 (Pa. 2004) (sufficiency claim attacking credibility of the evidence is 

not sufficiency claim at all; it is a weight claim and therefore fails). Regardless, these witnesses' 

testimony was sufficient to prove the elements of the crimes for which this defendant was found 

guilty, as detailed below. 

The defense then presented its case and called Steven Torpey, Jr, an insurance agent for 

Allstate Insurance Company, as its first witness. Mr. Torpey testified that the vehicle being 

operated by the defendant (and owned by his wife, Tamara Parker) was insured on December 12, 

2011, with coverage having been in place with his company since July 14, 2011 and without any 

lapse in coverage during that time. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 34, L. 2~12. 

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7 

23 ... It was just unfortunate what 

24 happened on that day. I had finals on that 

25 particular day, and I couldn't do what I was 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 59: 

husband's behalf, stating: 

During the sentencing phase, Mrs. Parker did, however, address the Cami on her 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 40. 

16 MS. MURBARGER: Defense calls at 

17 this point Tamara Parker. 

18 MS. GALIETT A: It's my understanding 

19 the testimony from Tamara Parker is cumulative 

20 of Mr. Torpey. 

21 MS. MURBARGER: Given Mr. Torpey's 

22 testimony, I will not need Tamara Parker. I 

23 will not call Tamara Parker. I will call my 

24 client Jason Parker. 

testimony, stating: 

then decided she would not testify due to her testimony being cumulative to Mr. Torpey's 

defense counsel initially called Mrs. Parker as a witness in regard to only the insurance issue, 

on the evening of December 12, 20 I 1. This contention, however, is contradicted by the record, as 

failing to call his wife, Tamara Parker, who was allegedly an eyewitness to the events occurring 

In his 1925(b) Statement, the defendant claims that defense counsel was ineffective for 

to any of the charges or on the issue of probable cause for the reasons set forth below. 

12-12, P. 36, L. 17-21. This Court accepted Mr. Torpey's testimony as credible, but not relevant 

coverage from December 14, 2011 to June 14, 2011. N.T., 09-12-12, P. 35, L. 19-20.; N.T., 09- 

June or July, 2011, even though the letter marked as C-4 addressed the six month period of 

On cross-examination, Mr. Torpey testified that Mrs. Parker had been a customer since 

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8 

5 Q. Mr. Parker, on the day you were arrested, did 

6 you take your normal medications? 

7 A. No, I did not. 

8 Q. What kind of medications do you normally take? 

9 A. I take insulin and I take oral medications for 

l O diabetes. 

11 Q. Why didn't you take your medication that day? 

12 A. Because I received a call at 7:00 a.m. to go 

13 take care of my mother, she just had cancer 

14 surgery, so I was supposed to evaluate her and make 

15 sure she was stable. So I just rushed over to her 

16 house to watch over her. 

17 Q. And did you ever take your medication that 

18 day? 

19 A. No, I didn't have a chance too. 

20 Q. Now, what happened when you went out that 

21 evening after 8:00 o'clock? 

22 A. I remember my wife went to school and we came 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 46: 

examination, he testified as follows: 

The defendant also testified on his own behalf. His testimony was brief. On direct 

related to the insurance issue, but eyewitness testimony as well. 

information helpful to the defense, she would not have been present to just provide testimony 

provide any testimony to this Court on the defendant's behalf. Had she been an eyewitness with 

relates to an ineffective assistance claim, since Mrs. Parker would not have been in a position to 

not being called as a witness for the defense in its case in chief is a meritless issue on appeal as it 

an eyewitness to the events of December 12, 2011 and, therefore, this Court concludes that her 

Clearly, by her own testimony as to "whatever happened that day," Mrs. Parker was not 

Emphasis added. 

l supposed to do and prepare/or him being out 

2 and going out and doing whatever tutppened tltat 

3 day .... 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 60: 

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9 

4 Q. Mr. Parker, do you remember having contact 

5 with the officer that testified here today? 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 49: 

On cross-examination, Mr. Parker was asked the following: 

241. 

9:25 p.m. to approximately l 0:30 p.m. During that time, his blood sugar was determined to be 

The AEMC notes indicate that Mr. Parker was seen in the Emergency Department from 

Mr. Parker has uncontrol [sic] Diabetes Mellitus, he is on insulin and oral 

hypoglycemic medication. He is also treated for Anxiety, Bipolar disorder and 

Paranoid Schizophrenia. Isl Azad Khan, M.D. 

M.D., which statds: 

Department date December 12, 2011, and a March 12, 2012 handwritten note of Azad Khan, 

consisted of several pages of records from Albert Einstein Medical Center (AEMC) Emergency 

into evidence over the Commonwealth's objection that it was not a complete record. Exhibit D-1 

The defense then marked Exhibit D-1, a packet of hospital records, which was admitted 

1 light-headed and I knew I had to eat and take my 

2 medication, so we called Little Caesar Pizza around 

3 the corner, we ordered pizza and chicken and paid 

4 for it, and that's the last thing I remember. 

5 Q. Did you -- so do you have any memory of 

6 driving your car? 

7 A. None. 

8 Q. Do you have any memory of a crash or arrest? 

9 A. No, I just remember waking up in the hospital 

10 handcuffed to the bed, and they were given me 

11 orange juice and insulin, and I was asking 

12 everybody what happened. The police just kept 

13 telling me to shut the F up, shut the F up. 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 47: 

23 home -- she picked me up from my morn's house, and 

24 we came home, and we were watching jeopardy or 

25 something, and I started feeling cold sweats and 

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10 

1 THE COURT: What do you take? 

2 THE DEFENDANT: Glucotrol and 

3 Biguanides and Metformin, something like that. 

4 THE COURT: And what's the reason 

5 you didn't take your insulin that day? 

6 THE WITNESS: My brother called me 

7 and said -- 

8 THE COURT: I know about mother, 

9 later in the day, why didn't you take it? 

10 THE DEFENDANT: After we left my 

11 mother's house, we went to my doctor to get my 

12 medication filled, and we went to the · 

13 pharmacy, and we were waiting and waiting. 

14 They said they were backed up, and we had to 

15 go pick up our daughter like 6:00 o'clock, 

16 6:30, so we had to leave and come back to get 

17 the medication from the pharmacy, so that's 

18 why I was not able to take it, because the 

19 pharmacy was backed up, and we had to go pick 

20 up our daughter. 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 50: 

19 THE COURT: Are you a type one or 

20 type two diabetic? 

21 THE DEFENDANT: I'm a type two, Your 

22 Honor. 

23 THE COURT: Insulin dependent? 

24 THE DEFENDANT: Insulin and I take 

25 oral medications? 

N.T., 09-12-12, P. 49: 

result of his diabetic condition, this Court questioned the defendant as follows: 

In order to clarify the record in regard to the defendant's claims that his actions were the 

6 A. I just remember seeing him at the hospital. I 

7 asked him what happened? Why I am handcuffed? He 

8 said, shut the F up. 

9 Q. Mr. Parker, do you remember seeing him out on 

10 the street? 

11 A. No, I don't. 

12 Q. Do you remember at some point hitting another 

13 vehicle? 

14 A. No, I don't. 

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1 I 

2 The Quarter Sessions file was marked as Exhibit C-5, relating to Co111111onwealth v. Parker, CP-5 l-CR-06084 l lI 996, which does indicate a conviction for Theft RSP. Exhibit C-5 was admitted without objection. 

is believed that the defendant will raise the issue of lack of probable cause on this issue due to 

while driving, which he had termed as a "code violation." This testimony was uncontroverted. It 

First, Officer Momme testified that the defendant had been observed using a cellphone 

levels. 

not raised at trial, however, this Court will address this argument, as this issue fails on two (2) 

him for talking on a cellphone while driving and for the failure to have insurance. This issue was 

The defendant now raises the issue that the police did not have probable cause to stop 

(Pa. Super. 2003), appeal denied, 848 A.2d 927 (Pa. 2004) (citing Pa.R.E. 609). 

bear on a witness's honesty and truthfulness." Commonwealth v. Causey, 833 A.2d 165, 169 

may be impeached by evidence that he has prior crimen falsi convictions, meaning those that 

has a crimen falsi conviction for theft - receiving stolen property. 2 "[T]he credibility of a witness 

To further support this Court's finding of lack of credibility, it is noted that the defendant 

finds this testimony lacking honesty and truthfulness. 

who has "passed out" would not be able to lead police on a chase of this magnitude. This Court 

from Little Caesar's and next waking up in the hospital, but nothing at all in between, A person 

took drastic, dangerous actions in an attempt to flee the police. He remembers ordering food 

chase, despite the fact that the testimony indicates that he was in full control of the vehicle and 

attempted to stop his vehicle, and then conveniently has absolutely zero recollection of the police 

The defendant had specific recall of the numerous events leading up to the time the police 

This Court did not believe the defendant's testimony, as it lacked a scintilla of credibility. 

21 THE COURT: You have no insulin at 

22 home on hand? 

23 THE DEFENDANT: No, I didn't, Your 

24 Honor. 

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12 

the enactment of changes to the Vehicle Code at 75 Pa. C.S. § 3316(e), which expressly 

preempted Philadelphia Code § 12-1132 (Prohibiting Use of Mobile Telephones by Persons 

Operating Vehicles), which would negate a reason, i.e., probable cause, to have stopped the 

defendant. Defendant's anticipated reliance upon this change in the law is misplaced. Although 

this change was signed into law on November 9, 2011, approximately one month before the 

defendant's arrest, its effective date was March 8, 2012, nearly 60 days after. Until the law took 

effect, the Philadelphia Code section cited above was still in effect. Therefore, Officer Momme 

had probable cause to pull the defendant over for this observed code violation. 

Further, a NCIC/PCIC check performed by Officer Momme revealed insurance 

cancellation on the vehicle. This information also provided a good faith, sufficient basis for 

Officer Momme to pull the defendant's vehicle over for further investigation. Although it 

appears that the NCIC information may have been inaccurate, the defendant still had the 

obligation to pull over. The charges in this case stemmed from the actions taken by the 

defendant after the police attempted to initiate a vehicle stop after activation of the lights and 

sirens on the police vehicle. The defendant cannot be excused for such actions. 

Further, it is well established that NCIC checks can form the basis for probable cause. 

When the police possess articulable, reasonable grounds to suspect a violation of the Motor 

Vehicle Code, probable cause exists. Commonwealth v. Gleason, 567 Pa. 111, 785 A.2d 983, 

985 (2001 ). Since NCIC reports can form the basis of probable cause, Officer Momme had 

sufficient probable cause to stop Defendant when he learned through the NCIC report that the 

vehicle being driven by defendant lacked proper financial responsibility. Commonwealth v. 

Riley, 284 Pa.Super. 280, 425 A.2d 813, 816 (1981 ). 

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13 

evidence."). 

This Court looked to the acts of the defendant as stated by the two (2) eyewitnesses in 

order to glean his intention. "Where the intention of the actor is obvious from the act itself, the 

finder of fact is justified in assigning the intention that is suggested by the conduct." 

Commonwealth v. Meredith, 490 Pa. 303, 416 A.2d 481, 485 ( 1980). 

Thus, this officer had specific articulable facts that led him to believe that violations of 

both the Philadelphia Code and the Motor Vehicle Code were occurring. Given that defendant 

was being stopped with sufficient probable cause supported by reasonable and articulable 

grounds, the attempt to stop him was legal. Commonwealtlt ,,. Bolton, 2003 PA Super 314, 831 

A.2d 734, 736-37 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2003). 

Had the NCIC/PCIC information been inaccurate, the resulting citations could have been 

disputed in the appropriate court with jurisdiction over such matters and Mr. Torpey could have 

appeared to testify as he did before this Court regarding the insurance issue. For the defendant 

not to comply by pulling over and instead choosing to flee, he set into motion the criminal acts 

which resulted in the charges which the defendant now claims the Commonwealth failed to 

prove beyond a reasonable doubt. 

In regard to the sufficiency of the evidence presented at trial, the defendant claims that 

the Commonwealth failed to prove the element of criminal intent as required by each of the 

statutes upon which he was found guilty. This claim is without merit. With this Court finding 

the defendant's testimony not credible as it relates to him "passing out behind the wheel" (See 

Defendant's 1925(b ), Paragraph ( 1 )), it was required to look to the direct and circumstantial 

evidence in order to determine the defendant's intent. Commonwealth v. Alexander, 477 Pa. 

190, 383 A.2d 887, 889 (1978) ("Criminal intent may be proven by direct or circumstantial 

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14 

The testimony of the witnesses clearly shows the defendant did not pass out, but instead 

took affirmative and direct actions behind the wheel once the police initiated the attempt to pull 

him over for traffic violations. The defendant drove for numerous city blocks over a period of 

several minutes, striking cars, going from forward to reverse and back to forward, maintaining 

control over the vehicle, accelerating, making numerous turns, then bringing his vehicle to a 

stop, exiting it and then attempting to flee on foot. A person who has "passed out behind the 

wheel" would not be able to perform any of those acts. The witnessed acts of the defendant belie 

his claims and, therefore, this Court did not find his testimony credible in the least that he 

remembers nothing about the incident. His claim of passing out is nothing more than an 

unaccepted excuse without legal or logical basis. The facts here justify the conclusion that the 

defendant's intent was supported by his witnessed and reckless conduct. 

In regard to the findings of guilt on the following specific charges, under a totality of the 

testimony standard, the Commonwealth met its burdens in regard to the following: 

A person is guilty of 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3733 - Fleeing or attempting to elude police officer 

when a driver of a motor vehicle willfully fails or refuses to bring his vehicle to a stop, or who 

otherwise flees or attempts to elude a pursuing police officer, when given a visual and audible 

signal to bring the vehicle to a stop. 

Defenses to this charge are statutorily set forth as (1) the pursuing police officer's vehicle 

was not clearly identifiable by its markings or (2) the defendant can show by a preponderance of 

the evidence that the failure to stop immediately for a police officer's vehicle was based upon a 

good faith concern for personal safety. 

Officer Monune testified that he was in a marked patrol car (N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 23, L. 

20-23) when he activated his lights and sirens. It was at that point, that the defendant sped off 

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15 

(N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 22, L 20-23) and set his criminal acts into motion. This shows the 

defendant's mental wherewithal as to his surroundings, as he knowingly tried to escape. Further, 

the defendant failed to provide any testimony as to the applicability of the second statutory 

defense, therefore, the evidence was sufficient to support the finding of guilt on this charge. 

In regard to the determination of guilt on the criminal mischief charges, the defendant 

claims that since he did not utilize any hazardous materials or tamper with any tangible object, 

he could not have been guilty of this charge. The evidence presented at trial was sufficient to 

prove that the defendant intentionally damaged the personal property of another, where the 

credible trial testimony of Ms. Muwwakkil and Officer Momme established that defendant hit 

the vehicle occupied by Ms. Muwwakkil, backed up and sped forward, again striking it and 

causing damage to a vehicle that he did not own. This testimony was sufficient to support a 

finding of guilt on the criminal mischief charge, as his actions clearly fell within the scope and 

intent of the statute. 

The testimony was also sufficient to support the finding of guilt on the simple assault 

charge, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701, which is defined as - A person is guilty of assault ifhe attempts to 

cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another. This Court has 

already determined that the defendant knowingly and intentionally attempted to elude the police. 

The resulting charges all stemmed from that initial action. Unfortunately an innocent person, 

Ms. Muwwakkil, was injured as she testified to on direct examination. Since Ms. Muwwakkil 

sustained bodily injured as a result of the defendant's criminal actions, the evidence was 

sufficient to support a finding of guilt on this charge. 

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16 

As stated above, the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to establish a prima 

facie case against the defendant on all charges for which he was found guilty, as the offered 

evidence showed that the defendant fled from police at a high rate of speed (at least double the 

speed limit) on numerous city streets for several minutes, drove down streets in the wrong 

direction, disregarded stop signs, and struck an occupied vehicle twice, causing the occupant 

injury. These reckless acts were not due to complications from a medical condition, but were 

The evidence was also sufficient to support a finding of guilt for reckless endangerment. 

This crime is defined as when a person recklessly engages in conduct which places or may place 

another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury. See 18 P.S. §2705. 

To sustain a conviction under Section 2705, the Commonwealth must prove that the 

defendant had an actual present ability to inflict harm and not merely the apparent ability to do 

so. Danger, not merely the apprehension of danger, must be created. The mens rea for recklessly 

endangering another person is "a conscious disregard of a known risk of death or great bodily 

harm to another person." Commonwealth l', Klein, 795 A.2d 424, 427-428 (Pa. Super. 2002), 

(quoting Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 915-916 (Pa. Super.2000) (citations and 

quotation omitted)). 

A person acts recklessly with respect to a material element of an offense when he 

consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will 

result from his conduct. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that, considering the nature 

and intent of the actor's conduct and the circumstances known to him, its disregard involves a 

gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the 

actor's situation. Commonwealth v. Cordoba, 902 A.2d 1280, 1289-1290 (Pa. Super.2006) 

(citing 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 302(b)(3)). 

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Williams, 522 Pa. 287, 294, 561 A.2d 714, 718 (1989) ( citing Com111011wea/t/1 v. Box, 481 Pa. 

Commonwealth to pay for the services of an expert, except in capital cases. Commonwealth v. 

327 Pa.Super. 219, 475 A.2d 765 (1984). There is no obligation on the part of the 

and will not be disturbed except for a clear abuse of that discretion. Commonwealth v. Gelonno, 

The decision to appoint an expert witness is within the sound discretion of the trial court 

due to complications of his medical condition. This appellate issue is without merit. 

presenting evidence concerning his inability to form a specific intent to commit the above crimes 

The defendant contends that without an expert diabetic physician, he was prevented from 

the "defendant needs the testimony of his or another diabetic expert doctor." 

his arrest and had ordered him medications" and to prove the defense that he was "sick that day," 

The defendant also claimed that his "primary care physician had seen [him] on the date of 

did not appear at trial to testify on defendant's behalf. 

eyewitness to this incident and this Court is unaware of defendant's brother's knowledge as he 

brother, and his primary care physician ... " As previously indicated, defendant's wife was not an 

was "medically induced" and had been "viewed by two witnesses, defendant's wife and his 

On May 29, 2012, defendant filed a motion claiming that the incident leading to his arrest 

under the guise of his appointed counsel. This claim, like the others raised, is without merit. 

"hire a diabetic doctor," it should be noted that the defendant filed numerous motions prose, but 

As to defendant's claim that this Court erred in denying his motion requesting funds to 

See Commonwealth v. Reynolds, 835 A.2d 720, 729 (Pa. Super. 2003) . 

. --··· 

circumstances surrounding defendant's actions presented an actual, foreseeable risk of danger. 

with over 50 outstanding tickets, which would result in his arrest. This Court concluded that the 

due to the defendant knowingly driving on a suspended license and aware his scofflaw status 

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18 

a. failing to present a medical expert who could have testified to the effects of diabetes, 

b. failing to present the Defendant's wife who was an eyewitness 

3 5. Trial counsel was ineffective for: 

and represented by the public defender. The defendant did not have a right to have a court 

counsel to retain an expert witness fails for the reasons stated above. The defendant was indigent 

The first allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel related to the failure of trial 

403, 411 (2005). 

all three of the factors referenced above. Commonwealth v. Singley, 582 Pa. 5, 19, 868 A.2d 

counsel is presumed to be effective, and a defendant must overcome that presumption and prove 

different. Commonwealth v. Kimball, 555 Pa. 299, 724 A.2d 326, 333 (Pa. 1999). A defendant's 

counsel, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings would have been 

strategic basis for his or her action or inaction; and (3) but for the errors and omissions of 

defendant must show that: (1) the claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable 

raised3 are without legal basis. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a 

Lastly, the defendant raises an ineffective assistance claim. The first two (2) issues 

475 A.2d at 770 (citations omitted). Therefore, this issue is without merit. 

defendant in the preparation of a defense at the public expense. Gelormo, 327 Pa. Super. at 229, 

rights as alleged. There is no constitutional mandate that an expert is to be appointed to assist the 

The denial of the defendant's motion did not violate his due process or equal protection 

(1985)). 

883, 895 (2010) (relying upon Ake ii. Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68, 105 S. Ct. 1087, 84 L. Ed. 2d 53 

receive funds to hire his own expert. Commonwealth v. Wholaver, 605 Pa. 325, 346, 989 A.2d 

(1982). Furthermore, an indigent defendant does not have the right to choose his own expert or 

62, 391 A.2d 1316 (1978)); Cotnmonweattlt v. Roe/tester, 305 Pa.Super 364,. 451 A.2d 690 

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19 

17 THE COURT: Mr. Parker, I'm holding 

18 up a waiver of jury trial form, do you see 

19 this form I'm holding up here? 

20 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 8: 

follows: 

waiver form and his ability to understand the contents thereof was placed on the record, as 

performed an on the record colloquy of the defendant. The defendant also signed a written jury 

misrepresentation related to waiver of his right to a jury trial, this Court, as stated above, 

In regard to the defendant's third claim that trial counsel was ineffective for 

ineffectiveness of counsel argument. 

determination by this Court, this claimed issue fails to satisfy any of the three (3) prongs of an 

would have been limited to the insurance issue only. Based upon the foregoing reasoning and 

matter, but v .. ,as not an eyewitness to these events for the reasons stated above. Her testimony 

witness, this argument also fails. Mrs. Parker was present in the courtroom at the trial of this 

As for the ineffectiveness of trial counsel in not presenting the defendant's wife as 

counsel argument. 

position lacks arguable merit, thereby failing to fulfill the first prong of an ineffectiveness of 

Goosby, 461 Pa. 229, 336 A.2d 260 (1975). Defendant's logic in raising this issue fails, as this 

Counsel is not required to pursue motions which have no arguable merit. Co111111011wea/t!, v. 

when said request for funds to retain this expert was not required nor permitted by this Court. 

claim his appointed counsel was ineffective for not presenting testimony of an expert witness, 

Fleury, the attempt to have the Commonwealth pay for an expert was made. Defendant cannot 

motion under his signature, but allegedly through Defender's Association counsel, Steven 

appointed expert. A motion to that effect was made and denied. Although the defendant filed the 

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20 

1 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

2 THE COURT: Have any promises been 

N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 1 I: 

12 THE COURT: Now, according to the 

13 form that you signed, that you said you 

14 discussed thoroughly with your attorney and 

15 that you've indicated that you understood, you 

16 have agreed to give up your right to a jury 

17 trial and allow me to listen to all the 

18 evidence and decide whether you are guilty or 

19 not guilty of the charges against you; do you 

20 understand that this is what have you signed? 

21 THE DEFENDANT: Yes,Ido, Your 

22 Honor. 

23 THE COURT: NO\V, do you agree to 

24 have this case heard by me today sitting 

25 without a jury? 

N.T., 09-12-2012, P. IO: 

1 what this form says? 

2 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

3 THE COURT: Now, at the bottom of 

4 this page that I'm pointing to, right here, 

5 there's a signature, do you see that? I'm 

6 going to have it handed back to you? 

7 THE DEFENDANT; I can see it. I 

8 seen it, yes. 

9 THE COURT: Now, is that your 

IO signature at the bottom of the page there on 

11 this form? 

12 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

13 THE COURT: And did you sign this 

14 form of your own free will? 

15 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

N.T., 09-12-2012, P. 9: 

21 THE COURT: Now, did you go over 

22 this entire form with your attorney? 

23 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, very 

24 thoroughly, Your Honor. 

25 THE COURT: And you do understand 

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21 

This Court [the Superior Court] cannot engage in review of ineffective 

assistance of counsel claims on direct appeal absent an "express, knowing and 

voluntary waiver of PCRA review." With the proviso that a defendant may 

en bane panel held: 

This Court relies on Commonwealth v. Barnett, 25 A.3d 371, 377 (Pa. Super. 2011), where an 

failure to file a PCRA petition with this Court, there has been no ability for collateral review. 

record for the basis of this claim for which this Court can reference. Due to the defendant's 

Since this Court was made aware of this issue for the first time on appeal, there is no 

555 U.S. 884, 172 L.Ed.2d 146, on remand2009 WL 6978587. 

Commonwealth. v. Mallory, 941 A.2d 686, 596 Pa. 172, Sup.2008, cert. denied 129 S.Ct. 257, 

ineffectiveness of counsel, it must be analyzed like any other ineffectiveness claim. 

When a presumptively valid jury waiver is collaterally attacked under the guise of 

In all cases, the defendant and the attorney for the Commonwealth may 

waive a jury trial with approval by a judge of the court in which the case is 

pending, and elect to have the judge try the case without a jury. The judge shall 

ascertain from the defendant whether this is a knowing and intelligent waiver, 

and such colloquy shall appear on the record. The waiver shall be in writing, 

made a part of the record, and signed by the defendant, the attorney for the 

Commonwealth, the judge, and the defendant's attorney as a witness. 

Pa.R.Crim.P. 620. 

Procedure, which provides: 

The right to trial by jury is recognized by Rule 620 of this Court's Rules of Criminal 

opportunity to do so. Further his 1925(b) is silent as the nature of this alleged misrepresentation. 

The defendant did not raise any issue at the time, despite having been given the 

3 made to you to give up your right to a jury 

4 trial? 

5 THE DEFENDANT: No, Your Honor. 

6 THE COURT: Have any threats been 

7 made to you to give up your rights to a jury 

8 trial? 

9 THE DEFENDANT: No, Your Honor. 

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22 

BY THE COURT: 

through a proper PCRA petition. 

determination of the issue raised in regard to defendant's waiver of his right to a jury trial 

verdict of this Court be affirmed on appeal or in the alternative, remanded for the limited issue of 

As to the challenges made by the defendant on his convictions, it is requested that the 

right to a jury trial based upon the alleged misrepresentations by his court appointed counsel. 

raise them in a subsequent PCRA petition) limiting the PCRA issue solely to the waiver of his 

Barnett (dismissing Barnett's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel without prejudice to 

petition to this Court. Therefore, this issue should be dismissed in accordance with the holding in 

ineffectiveness of counsel issues on direct appeal because these issues were ripe for a PCRA 

to Barnett, supra, and Grant, supra, defendant is presently foreclosed from raising his 

level and no record has been developed on this issue due to this failure. Consequently, according 

The defendant never raised his ineffective assistance of counsel claims at the trial court 

review). 

that claims of ineffective assistance of counsel should ordinarily be reserved for collateral 

See also Commonwealth v. Grant, 8 I 3 A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002) ( establishing a general rule 

waive further PCRA review in the trial court, absent further instruction from 

our Supreme Court, this Court ... will no longer consider ineffective assistance 

of counsel claims on direct appeal. (citing Commonwealth v. Wright, 599 Pa. 

270, 961 A.2d 119 (2008) and Commonwealth v. Liston, 602 Pa. 10, 28, 977 

A.2d 1089, 1100 (2009). 

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-~ o+!" 

Dated: October~ 2013 

TYPE OF SERVICE: FIRST CLASS MAIL 

Superior Court Prothonotary 

530 Walnut Street, Suite 315 

Philadelphia, PA 19106 

Hugh J. Burns, Esq. 

Chief, Appeals Unit 

Philadelphia District Attorney's Office 

Three South Penn Square 

Philadelphia, PA 19107 

Emily B. Cherniack, Esquire 

Attorney for Jason Parker 

1500 Walnut Street, Suite 1100 

Philadelphia, PA 19102 

COUNSEL: 

And in the manner indicated below, which satisfies the requirements of Pa. R. Crim. P. 114: 

I hereby certify that I am this day serving the forgoing Opinion upon the person(s), 

PROOF OF SERVICE 

286 EDA 2013 

CP-51-CR-0014583 -2011 

COMMONWEALTH V. JASON PARKER 

Circulated 03/31/2015 04:09 PM