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| ​ | Michael J. SmithSuite 1860 - 400 Burrard StreetVancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3A6Telephone: +1 604-683-8286Facsimile: +1 604-683-3205 | ​ | ​ | with a copy to:H.S. SangraSangra Moller LLP1000 Cathedral Place, 925 West Georgia StreetVancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3L2Facsimile: +1 604-669-8803 | ​ |
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| ​ | Title of each class | ​ | ​ | Name of each exchange on which registered | ​ |
|---------|---------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------------------|---------|
| ​ | Common Shares       | ​ | ​ | New York Stock Exchange                   | ​ |
| ​ | Large accelerated filer ☐ | ​ | ​ | Accelerated filer ☒ | ​ | ​ | Non-accelerated filer ☐ | ​ |
|---------|---------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------------|---------|

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| INVENTORIES(In thousands) | ​ | ​ | December 31,2015 | ​ | ​                   | March 31,2016 | ​ | ​ | June 30,2016 | ​ | ​                   | September 30,2016 | ​ | ​ | December 31,2016 | ​ |
|---------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|---------------------------|--------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------------------------|------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|
| Inventories               | ​ | ​ | ​               | $       |    245,345 | ​            | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    197,406 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​               | $       |    154,703 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    129,454 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    31,954 | ​ | ​ |

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| FINANCIAL POSITION(In thousands, except ratios and per share amounts) | ​ | ​ | December 31,2016 | ​ | ​                                     | December 31,2015 | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------|-----------------------|---------|
| Cash and cash equivalents                                             | ​ | ​ | ​               | $       |       120,676 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       197,519 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term securities                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 5,018                                       | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 170 | ​ | ​ |
| Trade receivables                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 135,962                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 151,229 | ​ | ​ |
| Tax receivables                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 11,743                                      | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Other receivables                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 35,251                                      | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14,727 | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 31,954                                      | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245,345 | ​ | ​ |
| Total current assets                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 400,954                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 785,850 | ​ | ​ |
| Total current liabilities                                             | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 214,676                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 414,562 | ​ | ​ |
| Working capital                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 186,278                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 371,288 | ​ | ​ |
| Current ratio(1)                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 1.87                                        | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.90 | ​ | ​ |
| Acid-test ratio(2)                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 1.68                                        | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.17 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term bank borrowings                                            | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 95,416                                      | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52,864 | ​ | ​ |
| Total assets                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 650,338                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 977,351 | ​ | ​ |
| Total long-term debt                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 116,813                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 259,038 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term debt-to-equity(1)                                           | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 0.25                                        | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.47 | ​ | ​ |
| Total liabilities                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 320,908                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 608,151 | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity                                            | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 327,520                                     | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ |
| Net book value per share                                              | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 5.19                                        | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5.82 | ​ | ​ |
| OPERATING EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations(In thousands)   | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                            | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ |
| ​                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ |
| Net loss from continuing operations(1)                             | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    (23,720) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (244,602)(2) | ​ | ​ |
| (Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | (8,566) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax expense (recovery)                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 7,014 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (46,193) | ​ | ​ |
| Finance costs                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 24,102 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,329 | ​ | ​ |
| Amortization, depreciation and depletion                           | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 11,951 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,450 | ​ | ​ |
| Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations                 | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 10,781 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (26,141)(2) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                            |

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| ​ | BOARD OF DIRECTORS                                                                                                        | ​ | ​ | AUDITORS                                                                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | TRANSFER AGENT                                                                                                                   | ​ |
|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| ​ | Michael J. Smith ChairmanDirector since 1987Indrajit Chatterjee Director since 2005 Silke S. Stenger* Director since 2013 | ​ | ​ | PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPSuite 700250 Howe Street Vancouver, BC V6C 3S7 Canada Telephone: (1) 604 806 7000 www.pwc.com/ca                 | ​ | ​ | Computershare Limited480 Washington Blvd27th FloorJersey City, NJ 07310USA Telephone: (1) 888 478 2338www.computershare.com      | ​ |
| ​ | ​                                                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | STOCK LISTING                                                                                                                              | ​ | ​ | CORPORATE OFFICE                                                                                                                 | ​ |
| ​ | Dr. Shuming Zhao*Director since 2014 Gerardo Cortina Director since 2014 Friedrich Hondl* Director since 2015             | ​ | ​ | New York Stock Exchange11 Wall Street New York, NY 10005 USA Telephone: (1) 212 656 3000 Email: nyselistings@nyse.com Trading symbol: MFCB | ​ | ​ | MFC Bancorp Ltd. 400 Burrard Street Suite 1860Vancouver, BC V6C 3A6 Canada Telephone: (1) 604 683 8286 Email: rrandall@bmgmt.com | ​ |
| ​ | Jochen P. Dümler* Director since 2016 *Member of the Audit Committee                                                 | ​ | ​ | CORPORATE WEBSITEwww.mfcbancorpltd.com                                                                                                     | ​ | ​ |

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| ​ | PART I                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1  | ​ | ​ |
|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----|---------|---------|
| ​ | FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | CURRENCY                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | NOTE ON FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 1: IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 2: OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 3: KEY INFORMATION                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Selected Financial Data                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Capitalization and Indebtedness                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | D. Risk Factors                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 4: INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. History and Development of the Company                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Business Overview                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Organizational Structure                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | D. Property, Plants and Equipment                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 4A: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 5: OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | General                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Results of Operations                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Liquidity and Capital Resources                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Application of Critical Accounting Policies                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | New Standards and Interpretations Adopted and Not Yet Adopted       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Trend Information                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Safe Harbor                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 6: DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Directors and Senior Management                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Compensation                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Board Practices                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 38 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | D. Employees                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | E. Share Ownership                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 7: MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Major Shareholders                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Related Party Transactions                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Interests of Experts and Counsel                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 8: FINANCIAL INFORMATION                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Significant Changes                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 9: THE OFFER AND LISTING                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Offer and Listing Details                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Plan of Distribution                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Markets                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | D. Selling Shareholders                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​ | E. Dilution                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43  | ​ | ​ |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----|---------|---------|
| ​ | F. Expenses of the Issue                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 10: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 44  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | A. Share Capital                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 44  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | B. Memorandum and Articles of Association                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 44  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | C. Material Contracts                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | D. Exchange Controls                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | E. Taxation                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | F. Dividends and Paying Agents                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | G. Statement by Experts                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | H. Documents on Display                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | I. Subsidiary Information                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 11: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 12: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | PART II                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 13: DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 14: MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 15: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16: [RESERVED]                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16A: AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16B: CODE OF ETHICS                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16C: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 55  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16D: EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 55  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16E: PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 55  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16F: CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16G: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 16H: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 17: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 18: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 57  | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ITEM 19: EXHIBITS                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 123 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​            | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|--------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​            | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ | 2013 | ​ | ​ | 2012 | ​ |
| ​            | ​ | ​ | ($/US$)                       | ​ |
| End of period      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.3427 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3840 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1601 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0636 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.9949 | ​ | ​ |
| High for period    | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.2544 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1728 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0614 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.9839 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.9710 | ​ | ​ |
| Low for period     | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.4589 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3990 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1643 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0697 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0418 | ​ | ​ |
| Average for period | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.3248 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.2787 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1045 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0299 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.9996 | ​ | ​ |
| ​            | ​ | ​ | ($/€)                    | ​ |
| End of period      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.4169 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.5029 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4038 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4655 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3118 | ​ | ​ |
| High for period    | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.3875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3111 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3927 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.2859 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.2153 | ​ | ​ |
| Low for period     | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.5928 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.5298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.5549 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4724 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3446 | ​ | ​ |
| Average for period | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1.4660 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4182 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4671 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3681 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.2850 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                                      | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​     | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ | ​           | 2013    | ​ | ​ | 2012    | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| ​                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ |
| Gross revenues                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,131,657   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,629,100         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,405,330 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 719,156 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 424,726 | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) earnings from continuing operations(2)                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (25,361)(3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (246,228)(4)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,840(5) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,782 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,170)(6) | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income from continuing operations per share       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ |
| Basic                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.40)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.90)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.28 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.36 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.26) | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.40)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.90)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.28 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.36 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.26) | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income from discontinued operations(2)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241,402)(7)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,522)(8) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (13,050)(9) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 212,754(10) | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations:      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ |
| Basic                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.82)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.29) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.20) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.40 | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.82)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.29) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.20) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.40 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income(2)                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (25,361)(3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (487,630)(4)(7)   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (682)(5)(8) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,732(9) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 196,584(6)(10) | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income per share:                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ |
| Basic                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.40)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7.72)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.14 | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.40)      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7.72)            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.16 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.14 | ​ | ​ |
| Total assets                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 650,338     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 977,351           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,692,219 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,402,460 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,353,684 | ​ | ​ |
| Net assets                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 329,430     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 369,200           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 778,933 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 744,245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 733,018 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term debt, less current portion                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 80,564      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 174,333           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 297,157 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 201,947 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,012 | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 327,520     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 777,717 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 744,063 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 726,862 | ​ | ​ |
| Capital stock, net of treasury stock                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 358,831     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 358,831           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 358,570 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 357,322 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 357,322 | ​ | ​ |
| Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, diluted | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,957 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,757 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,555 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash dividends paid to shareholders                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,388             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12,486 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,353 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,789 | ​ | ​ |

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| Subsidiaries                     | ​ | ​ | Country ofIncorporation | ​ | ​ | Proportionof VotingInterest(1) | ​ |
|----------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------|---------|
| MFC Commodities GmbH             | ​ | ​ | Austria                 | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC Metal Trading GmbH           | ​ | ​ | Austria                 | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| Kasese Cobalt Company Limited    | ​ | ​ | Uganda                  | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 75% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC (A) Ltd                      | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands        | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC (D) Ltd                      | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands        | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| M Financial Corp.                | ​ | ​ | Barbados                | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC Corporate Services AG        | ​ | ​ | Switzerland             | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC Power Limited Partnership    | ​ | ​ | Canada                  | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC Energy Finance Inc.          | ​ | ​ | Canada                  | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| F.J. Elsner GmbH                 | ​ | ​ | Austria                 | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| FESIL Sales GmbH                 | ​ | ​ | Germany                 | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| MFC Merchant Bank Limited        | ​ | ​ | Malta                   | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |
| Sino Medical Technology Co. Ltd. | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands        | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 100% | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                                              | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31,            | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                              | ​ | ​ | 2016                                     | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​                                                              | ​ | ​ | (In thousands, except per share amounts) | ​ |
| Gross revenues                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | $       |    1,131,657 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| Costs and expenses                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | 1,148,363 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,919,895 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,376,016 | ​ | ​ |
| Costs of sales and services                                          | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | 1,061,052 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,573,868 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,266,430 | ​ | ​ |
| Selling, general and administrative expense                          | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | 79,164 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 86,648 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 83,862 | ​ | ​ |
| Finance costs                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | 24,102 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,967 | ​ | ​ |
| Share-based compensation – selling, general and administrative | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​ |
| Impairment of available-for-sale securities                          | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | 91 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341 | ​ | ​ |
| (Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties   | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (8,566) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,813 | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) earnings from continuing operations(2)                        | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (25,361)(3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (246,228)(4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,840(5) | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss from discontinued operations(2)                             | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241,402)(6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,522)(7) | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss(2)                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (25,361)(3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (487,630)(4)(6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (682)(5)(7) | ​ | ​ |
| Loss per share:                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ |
| Basic                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.40) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7.72) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.40) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7.72) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|----------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                                | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​                                | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Merchant banking products and services | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    1,078,745 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,580,935 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,360,979 | ​ | ​ |
| Gain on securities, net                | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest                               | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 3,056 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,542 | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends                              | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                  | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 49,850 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43,921 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39,468 | ​ | ​ |
| Total revenues                         | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 1,131,657 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​          | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Gross Revenues:  | ​ | ​ | ​                       |
| Merchant banking | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    1,095,896 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,593,879 | ​ | ​ |
| All other        | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 35,761 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35,221 | ​ | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 1,131,657 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,629,100 | ​ | ​ |
| ​          |

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| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ | ​ |
| Merchant banking products and services                                   | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    1,027,627 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,512,970 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 17,023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54,540 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value gain on government environmental emission refund              | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,157) | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value loss on investment property                                   | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 44 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Market value decrease on commodity inventories                           | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 4,273 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Loss (gain) on derivative contracts, net                                 | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 521 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,913) | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Loss on securities, net                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 116 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 84 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 11,448(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,434 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Total costs of sales and services                                        | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 1,061,052 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,573,868 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  |

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| ​                                                            | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                            | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ |
| ​                                                            | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations                 | ​ | ​ | ​                       |
| Net loss from continuing operations(1)                             | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    (23,720) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (244,602)(2) | ​ | ​ |
| (Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | (8,566) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax expense (recovery)                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 7,014 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (46,193) | ​ | ​ |
| Finance costs                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 24,102 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,329 | ​ | ​ |
| Amortization, depreciation and depletion                           | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 11,951 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,450 | ​ | ​ |
| Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations                 | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 10,781 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (26,141)(2) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                            |

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| ​          | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​          | ​ | ​ | 2015                          | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1)             | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Gross Revenues:  | ​ | ​ | ​                       |
| Merchant banking | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    1,593,879 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,375,526 | ​ | ​ |
| All other        | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 35,221 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,804 | ​ | ​ |
| ​          | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| ​          |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | 2015                          | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1)             | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Merchant banking products and services                                   | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    1,512,970 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,269,324 | ​ | ​ |
| Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 54,540 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,346 | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value gain on government environmental emission refund              | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | (4,157) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value loss on investment property                                   | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 134 | ​ | ​ |
| Market value decrease (increase) on commodities inventories              | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,172) | ​ | ​ |
| Gain on derivative contracts, net                                        | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | (2,913) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,189) | ​ | ​ |
| Write-off of inventories, net                                            | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss on trading securities, net                                          | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 84 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 11,434 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,822 | ​ | ​ |
| Total costs of sales and services                                        | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 1,573,868 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,266,430 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  |

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| ​                                            | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                            | ​ | ​ | 2015                          | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                                            | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​                       |
| Net (loss) income from continuing operations(1)    | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    (244,602)(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    19,198 | ​ | ​ |
| Impairment of hydrocarbon and resource properties  | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,813 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax (recovery) expense                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | (46,193) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,116 | ​ | ​ |
| Finance costs                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 22,329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,967 | ​ | ​ |
| Amortization, depreciation and depletion           | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | 6,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,557 | ​ | ​ |
| Operating EBITDA (loss) from continuing operations | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | (26,141)(2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 56,651 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                            |
| ​                         | ​ | ​ | December 31,                    | ​ |
|---------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------|---------|
| ​                         | ​ | ​ | 2016                                 | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                         | ​ | ​ | (In thousands, except ratio amounts) | ​ |
| Total debt                      | ​ | ​ | ​                              | $       | 116,813 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    259,038 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    363,255 | ​ | ​ |
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | (120,676) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (197,519) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (344,891) | ​ | ​ |
| Net debt                        | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | Not applicable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 61,519 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18,364 | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity      | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | 327,520 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 777,717 | ​ | ​ |
| Net debt-to-equity ratio        | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | Not applicable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.17 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.02 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                              | ​ | ​ | December 31,                    | ​ | ​                  | ​ | ​ |
|--------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| ​                              | ​ | ​ | 2016                                 | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| ​                              | ​ | ​ | (In thousands, except ratio amounts) | ​ | ​                  | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term debt, less current portion | ​ | ​ | ​                              | $       |    80,564 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    174,333 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    297,157 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity           | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | 327,520                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 777,717 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term debt-to-equity ratio       | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | 0.25                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.47 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.38 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | ​                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                          | ​ | ​ | Years Ended December 31, | ​ |
|------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                          | ​ | ​ | 2016                          | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| ​                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​                                                          | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)                | ​ |
| Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing operating activities | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       |    99,867 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (95,048) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (16,085) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing investing activities | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | 35,482 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (8,561) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (107,115) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | (167,275) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (68,669) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 71,066 | ​ | ​ |
| Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents                | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | (37,540) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 35,619 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 36,387 | ​ | ​ |
| Decrease in cash and cash equivalents                            | ​ | ​ | ​                       | $       | (69,466) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (145,058) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (8,408) | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | December 31, | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|
| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | 2016              | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ |
| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)    | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents                             | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    120,676 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    197,519 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term cash deposits                              | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 182 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 233 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term securities                                 | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 5,018 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 170 | ​ | ​ |
| Securities – derivatives            | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 1,240 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,555 | ​ | ​ |
| Restricted cash                                       | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 639 | ​ | ​ |
| Trade receivables                                     | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 135,962 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 151,229 | ​ | ​ |
| Tax receivables                                       | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 11,743 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Other receivables                                     | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 35,251 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14,727 | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories                                           | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 31,954 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245,345 | ​ | ​ |
| Real estate held for sale                             | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 1,066 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,130 | ​ | ​ |
| Deposits, prepaid and other                           | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 12,195 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,442 | ​ | ​ |
| Assets held for sale                                  | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 45,667 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 136,156 | ​ | ​ |
| Total assets                                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 650,338 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 977,351 | ​ | ​ |
| Working capital                                       | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 186,278 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 371,288 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term bank borrowings                            | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 95,416 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 52,864 | ​ | ​ |
| Debt, current portion                                 | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 36,249 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 84,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Account payables and accrued expenses                 | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 45,114 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 182,051 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial liabilities – derivatives | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 5,514 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,554 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax liabilities                                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 2,486 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,809 | ​ | ​ |
| Liabilities relating to assets held for sale          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 29,897 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 87,579 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term debt, less current portion                  | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 80,564 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 174,333 | ​ | ​ |
| Decommissioning obligations                           | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 13,219 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity                            | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 327,520 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ |

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| Maturity   | ​ | ​ | Principal      | ​ | ​                  | Interest | ​ | ​ | Total   | ​ |
|------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|--------------------------|----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| ​    | ​ | ​ | (In thousands) | ​ |
| 2017       | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    36,249 | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    4,134 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    40,383 | ​ | ​ |
| 2018       | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 29,731                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,860 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32,591 | ​ | ​ |
| 2019       | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 17,761                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,852 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,613 | ​ | ​ |
| 2020       | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 19,536                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,044 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,580 | ​ | ​ |
| 2021       | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 4,778                    | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 408 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,186 | ​ | ​ |
| Thereafter | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 8,758                    | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,213 | ​ | ​ |
| ​    | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 116,813                  | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 10,753 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 127,566 | ​ | ​ |
| ​    |

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| ​                                        | ​ | ​ | Payments Due by Period(1) | ​ |
|------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|
| ​                                        | ​ | ​ | (In thousands)            | ​ |
| Contractual Obligations(2)                     | ​ | ​ | Less than1 Year           | ​ | ​ | 1 – 3Years | ​ | ​ | 3 – 5Years | ​ | ​ | More than5 Years | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Long-term debt obligations, including interest | ​ | ​ | ​                   | $       |    40,383 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    52,204 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    25,766 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    9,213 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    127,566 | ​ | ​ |
| Operating lease obligations                    | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | 1,079 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 948 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,106 | ​ | ​ |
| Purchase obligations                           | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | 13,747 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,747 | ​ | ​ |
| Other long-term liabilities                    | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | 1,911 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 619 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 258 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 93 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,881 | ​ | ​ |
| Total                                          | ​ | ​ | ​                   | $       | 57,120 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 53,771 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 26,103 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 9,306 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 146,300 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                        |
| ​                                    | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016                   | ​ | ​                   | September 30,2016 | ​ | ​ | June 30,2016 | ​ | ​                   | March 31, 2016 | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------------|---------|
| ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​                   | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | ​                   | ​             | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ |
| ​                                    | ​ | ​ | (In thousands, except per share amounts) | ​ |
| Gross revenues                             | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | $       |    186,719 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    257,421 | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    329,935 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    357,582 | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss from continuing operations(2)     | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (16,696)(3)               | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (7,968)                   | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (636) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (61) | ​ | ​ |
| Loss from continuing operations, per share | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​                   |
| Basic                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.26)                    | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (0.13)                    | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.26)                    | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (0.13)                    | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss(2)                                | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (16,696)(3)               | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (7,968)                   | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (636) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (61) | ​ | ​ |
| Loss, per share                            | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​                   |
| Basic                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.26)                    | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (0.13)                    | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.26)                    | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (0.13)                    | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2015                   | ​ | ​                   | September 30,2015 | ​ | ​ | June 30,2015 | ​ | ​                   | March 31, 2015 | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------------|---------|
| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1)                        | ​ | ​                   | (Re-presented)(1)      | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented)(1) | ​ | ​                   | (Re-presented)(1)   | ​ |
| ​                                               | ​ | ​ | (In thousands, except per share amounts) | ​ |
| Gross revenues                                        | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | $       |    414,598 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    417,024 | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    431,764 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    349,557 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income from continuing operations(2)       | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (48,446)(3)               | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (208,119)(4)              | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,586 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,398 | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) earnings from continuing operations, per share | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​                   |
| Basic                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.77)(3)                 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (3.30)(4)                 | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.07 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.09 | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                               | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (0.77)(3)                 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (3.30)(4)                 | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.07 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.09 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income(2)                                  | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (111,807)(3)              | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (392,208)(4)(5)           | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,548 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,836 | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) earnings, per share                            | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | ​                   |
| Basic                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (1.77)(3)                 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (6.21)(4)(5)              | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.14 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.12 | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted                                               | ​ | ​ | ​                                  | ​ | (1.77)(3)                 | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (6.21)(4)(5)              | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.14 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 0.12 | ​ | ​ |

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| Name (Age)                          | ​ | ​ | Present Position                                                             | ​ | ​ | Date ofCommencementof Officewith our Company | ​ |
|-------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------------------------------------|---------|
| Michael J. Smith (68) (1)           | ​ | ​ | Chairman, Managing Director, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 1986 | ​ | ​ |
| Samuel Morrow (32)                  | ​ | ​ | Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer                   | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ |
| Ferdinand Steinbauer (60)           | ​ | ​ | Treasurer                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ |
| Dr. Shuming Zhao (64)(2)(3)(4)      | ​ | ​ | Director                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ |
| Indrajit Chatterjee (71)(2)(4)      | ​ | ​ | Director                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2005 | ​ | ​ |
| Silke S. Stenger (48)(2)(3)(4)      | ​ | ​ | Director                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2013 | ​ | ​ |
| Gerardo Cortina (61)(5)(6)          | ​ | ​ | Vice President and Director                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2014 | ​ | ​ |
| Friedrich Hondl (56)(3)(6)          | ​ | ​ | Director                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ |
| Jochen Dümler (62)(2)(3)(6)(7) | ​ | ​ | Director                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​                                      | ​ | 2016 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | ​ | Non-equity incentive compensation plan compensation($)(1) | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Name and Principal Position                                                            | ​ | ​ | Salary($) | ​ | ​ | Share-based awards($) | ​ | ​ | Option-based awards ($) | ​ | ​ | Annual incentive plans | ​ | ​ | Long-term incentive plans | ​ | ​ | Pension value ($) | ​ | ​ | All other compensation($)                                 | ​ | ​ | Total compensation ($) | ​ |
| Michael J. Smith Chairman, Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer(2) | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 609,593 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | — | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                                   | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 290,055(3) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 899,648 | ​ | ​ |
| Samuel Morrow Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Chief Executive Officer               | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 377,801 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | — | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                                   | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,468(4) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 393,269 | ​ | ​ |
| Gerardo Cortina(5)Former President and Chief Executive Officer                         | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 859,842 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | — | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                                   | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 142,866(6) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,002,708 | ​ | ​ |
| Ferdinand Steinbauer Treasurer                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 578,475 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | — | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                                   | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 578,475 | ​ | ​ |
| Roland Schulien Senior Vice President Finance, Europe                                  | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 221,187 | ​               | ​ | ​ | ​                 | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                   | ​ | — | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                                   | ​ | — | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 221,187 | ​ | ​ |

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| Name                  | ​ | ​ | Fees Earned ($) | ​ | ​    | Share- based awards ($) | ​ | ​ | Option- based awards ($) | ​ | ​ | Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($) | ​ | ​ | Pension value ($) | ​ | ​ | All other compensation ($) | ​ | ​ | Total ($) | ​ |
|-----------------------|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|------------|-------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|
| Michael J. Smith(1)   | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | —    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Gerardo Cortina(2)    | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | —    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Dr. Shuming Zhao      | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 110,092    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 110,092 | ​ | ​ |
| Indrajit Chatterjee   | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 103,428    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 103,428 | ​ | ​ |
| Silke S. Stenger      | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 158,207    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 158,207 | ​ | ​ |
| Friedrich Hondl       | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 207,295(3) | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 207,295(3) | ​ | ​ |
| Jochen Dümler(4) | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 146,390    | ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | — | ​                                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 146,390 | ​ | ​ |

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| Name and principal position                                                                         | ​ | ​ | Common shares beneficially owned (#) | ​ | ​ | Percentage of total common shares outstanding(%) | ​ | ​ | Stock options held(#) | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|
| Michael J. Smith Chairman, Managing Director, President and Chief Executive Officer and Director(1) | ​ | ​ | ​                              | ​ | 545,337 | ​                                          | ​ | ​ | ​               | ​ | 0.9% | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |
| Dr. Shuming Zhao Director                                                                           | ​ | ​ | —                              | ​ | ​ | —                                          | ​ | ​ | —               | ​ |
| Indrajit Chatterjee Director                                                                        | ​ | ​ | —                              | ​ | ​ | —                                          | ​ | ​ | —               | ​ |
| Silke S. Stenger Director                                                                           | ​ | ​ | —                              | ​ | ​ | —                                          | ​ | ​ | —               | ​ |
| Friedrich Hondl Director                                                                            | ​ | ​ | —                              | ​ | ​ | —                                          | ​ | ​ | —               | ​ |
| Jochen Dümler Director                                                                         | ​ | ​ | —                              | ​ | ​ | —                                          | ​ | ​ | —               | ​ |

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| Name and principal position                                                                  | ​ | ​ | Common sharesbeneficially owned(#) | ​ | ​ | Percentage of totalcommon sharesoutstanding(%) | ​ | ​ | Stock optionsheld(#) | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------------|---------|
| Gerardo Cortina Vice-President and Director and former President and Chief Executive Officer | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | 109,820 | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​              | ​ | 0.2% | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |
| Samuel Morrow Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer                     | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | 42,390  | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | —*             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100,000(2) | ​ | ​ |
| Ferdinand Steinbauer Treasurer                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | 306,726 | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​              | ​ | 0.5% | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |
| Roland Schulien Senior Vice President Finance, Europe                                        | ​ | ​ | —                            | ​ | ​ | —                                        | ​ | ​ | —              | ​ |

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| Name                 | ​ | ​ | Amount Owned | ​ | ​       | Percent of Class(1) | ​ |
|----------------------|---------|---------|--------------|---------|---------------|---------------------|---------|
| Peter Kellogg        | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 20,662,400(2) | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33.0% | ​ | ​ |
| Lloyd I. Miller, III | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 8,016,640(3)  | ​             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12.8% | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                  | ​ | ​ | High (US$) | ​ | ​ | Low (US$) | ​ |
|--------------------------|---------|---------|------------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|
| Annual Highs and Lows    | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| 2016                     | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.50    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.56 | ​ | ​ |
| 2015                     | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 7.11    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.50 | ​ | ​ |
| 2014                     | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 8.25    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5.20 | ​ | ​ |
| 2013                     | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 10.39   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.25 | ​ | ​ |
| 2012                     | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 8.80    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6.65 | ​ | ​ |
| Quarterly Highs and Lows | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| 2017                     | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| First Quarter            | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.27    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.78 | ​ | ​ |
| 2016                     | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| Fourth Quarter           | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.26    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.98 | ​ | ​ |
| Third Quarter            | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.43    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.66 | ​ | ​ |
| Second Quarter           | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.34    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.56 | ​ | ​ |
| First Quarter            | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.50    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.71 | ​ | ​ |
| 2015                     | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| Fourth Quarter           | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 3.32    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.50 | ​ | ​ |
| Third Quarter            | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 4.15    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2.79 | ​ | ​ |
| Second Quarter           | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 5.04    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.85 | ​ | ​ |
| First Quarter            | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 7.11    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3.61 | ​ | ​ |
| Monthly Highs and Lows   | ​ | ​ | ​    |
| March 2017(1)       | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.03    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.66 | ​ | ​ |
| February 2017       | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.24    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.96 | ​ | ​ |
| January 2017        | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.27    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.98 | ​ | ​ |
| December 2016       | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.26    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.85 | ​ | ​ |
| November 2016       | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | 2.18    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.66 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​ | 1.Report of Independent Auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, dated March 31, 2017 on the consolidated financial statements of our company for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting as at December 31, 2016​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 58 | ​ | ​ |
|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----|---------|---------|
| ​ | 2.Consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2016 and 2015​                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 60 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | 3.Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014​                                                                                                                                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 61 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | 4.Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014​                                                                                                                                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | 5.Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014​                                                                                                                                                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | 6.Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014​                                                                                                                                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 65 | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | 7.Notes to consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016​                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 66 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                      | ​ | ​ | Notes   | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2015 | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|
| ASSETS                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Current Assets                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       |       120,676 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       197,519 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term cash deposits                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 182 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 233 | ​ | ​ |
| Securities                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 5,018 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 170 | ​ | ​ |
| Securities – derivatives               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 1,240 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,555 | ​ | ​ |
| Restricted cash                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 639 | ​ | ​ |
| Trade receivables                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7       | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 135,962 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 151,229 | ​ | ​ |
| Tax receivables                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 11,743 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Other receivables                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8       | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 35,251 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14,727 | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9       | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 31,954 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245,345 | ​ | ​ |
| Real estate held for sale                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 1,066 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,130 | ​ | ​ |
| Deposits, prepaid and other                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 12,195 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,442 | ​ | ​ |
| Assets held for sale                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5       | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 45,667 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 136,156 | ​ | ​ |
| Total current assets                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 400,954 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 785,850 | ​ | ​ |
| Non-current Assets                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Securities                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 561 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 680 | ​ | ​ |
| Securities – derivatives               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 171 | ​ | ​ |
| Real estate held for sale                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 13,035 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,812 | ​ | ​ |
| Investment property                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 35,663 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37,873 | ​ | ​ |
| Property, plant and equipment                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 99,443 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 95,745 | ​ | ​ |
| Interests in resource properties             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 79,147 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income tax assets                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 16,647 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,641 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 4,072 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21,912 | ​ | ​ |
| Other, restricted                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 816 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 667 | ​ | ​ |
| Total non-current assets                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 249,384 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 191,501 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       | 650,338 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 977,351 | ​ | ​ |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Current Liabilities                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term bank borrowings                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       | 95,416 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 52,864 | ​ | ​ |
| Debt, current portion                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 36,249 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 84,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Account payables and accrued expenses        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 45,114 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 182,051 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial liabilities – derivatives    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 5,514 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,554 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax liabilities                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 2,486 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,809 | ​ | ​ |
| Liabilities relating to assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5       | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 29,897 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 87,579 | ​ | ​ |
| Total current liabilities                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 214,676 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 414,562 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term Liabilities                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Debt, less current portion                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 80,564 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 174,333 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial liabilities – derivatives    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 940 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 682 | ​ | ​ |
| Accrued pension obligations, net             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 3,259 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,061 | ​ | ​ |
| Decommissioning obligations                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 13,219 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income tax liabilities              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 7,353 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,711 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 897 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 802 | ​ | ​ |
| Total long-term liabilities                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 106,232 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 193,589 | ​ | ​ |
| Total liabilities                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 320,908 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 608,151 | ​ | ​ |
| Equity                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Capital stock, fully paid                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 419,916 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 419,916 | ​ | ​ |
| Treasury stock                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20      | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (61,085) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (61,085) | ​ | ​ |
| Contributed surplus                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 15,417 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,417 | ​ | ​ |
| Deficit                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (88,920) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (63,559) | ​ | ​ |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 42,192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 56,503 | ​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 327,520 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ |
| Non-controlling interests                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,008 | ​ | ​ |
| Total equity                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | 329,430 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 369,200 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       | 650,338 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 977,351 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                      |

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| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | Notes   | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​ | 2015    | ​ | ​    | 2014    | ​ |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|------------|---------|---------|
| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​    | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ |
| Gross revenues                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,131,657  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| Costs and expenses:                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Costs of sales and services                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,061,052  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,573,868 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,266,430 | ​ | ​ |
| Selling, general and administrative                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79,164     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 86,648 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 83,862 | ​ | ​ |
| Share-based compensation – selling, general and administrative   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​ |
| Finance costs                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24,102     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,329 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,967 | ​ | ​ |
| Impairment of available-for-sale securities                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 91         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341 | ​ | ​ |
| (Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,566)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,813 | ​ | ​ |
| Exchange differences on foreign currency transactions, net (gain) loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,480)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 930 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,017 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 163 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,148,363  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,919,895 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,376,016 | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) income from operations                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,706)   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (290,795) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,314 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax (expense) recovery:                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Income taxes                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,994)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46,518 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,455) | ​ | ​ |
| Resource property revenue taxes                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,020)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (325) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,661) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 23      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,014)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46,193 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,116) | ​ | ​ |
| (Loss) income from continuing operations                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (23,720)   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (244,602) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,198 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss on discontinued operations                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241,402) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,522) | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income for the year                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (23,720)   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (486,004) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 676 | ​ | ​ |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,641)    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,626) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,358) | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss attributable to owners of the parent company                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (25,361)   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (487,630) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (682) | ​ | ​ |
| Basic (loss) earnings per share:                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Continuing operations                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (0.40)     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (3.90) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 0.28 | ​ | ​ |
| Discontinued operations                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.82) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.29) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (0.40)     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (7.72) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted (loss) earnings per share:                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Continuing operations                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (0.40)     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (3.90) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 0.28 | ​ | ​ |
| Discontinued operations                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3.82) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (0.29) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (0.40)     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (7.72) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (0.01) | ​ | ​ |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| – basic                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,922,837 | ​ | ​ |
| – diluted                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,957,105 | ​ | ​ |

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TABLE OF CONTENTS​

| ​                                                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                       | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014           | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|
| ​                                                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ |
| Net (loss) income for the year                                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (23,720)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | (486,004) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 676 | ​ | ​ |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes                                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Exchange differences arising from translating financial statements of foreign operations                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,067)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 79,355 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,767 | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassification adjustment for exchange differences to statements of operations for subsidiaries deconsolidated                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (560)                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 143 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (127) | ​ | ​ |
| Net exchange differences                                                                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,627)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 79,498 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,640 | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value loss on available-for-sale securities                                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (73)                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (293) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (282) | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassification of fair value loss on available-for-sale securities to statements of operations for securities disposed of or impaired | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 141                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 147 | ​ | ​ |
| Net fair value gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (48) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (135) | ​ | ​ |
| Remeasurement of net defined benefit liabilities                                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 192                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (298) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,367)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 79,152 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 44,471 | ​ | ​ |
| Total comprehensive (loss) income for the year                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (38,087)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (406,852) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,147 | ​ | ​ |
| Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,585)                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (2,028) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,213) | ​ | ​ |
| Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to owners of the parent company                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (39,672)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | (408,880) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 43,934 | ​ | ​ |
| Consisting of:Continuing operations ​                                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (39,672)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | (167,478) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 62,456 | ​ | ​ |
|    Discontinued operations ​                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (241,402) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,522) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    (39,672) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |   (408,880) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    43,934 | ​ | ​ |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes, comprised amounts:                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 192                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | (298) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ |
| will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss when specific conditions are met                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,559)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 79,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,505 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (14,367)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 79,152 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 44,471 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                 |

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TABLE OF CONTENTS​

| ​                                                 | ​ | ​ | Capital Stock    | ​ | ​    | Treasury Stock | ​ | ​ | Contributed Surplus | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | ​            | Accumulated OtherComprehensive Income (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | ​         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | ​       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | ​        | ​                    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|------------|----------------|---------|---------|---------------------|---------|----------------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|--------------------|----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|-----------------|-------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------------|---------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|----------------|----------------------------|---------|
| ​                                                 | ​ | ​ | Number of Shares | ​ | ​    | Amount         | ​ | ​ | Number of Shares    | ​ | ​        | Amount  | ​ | ​ | Share-based Compensation | ​ | ​            | Contingently Issuable Shares                 | ​ | ​ | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | ​ | ​         | Available-for-sale Securities | ​ | ​ | Defined Benefit Obligations | ​ | ​       | Currency Translation Adjustment | ​ | ​ | Share- holders’Equity | ​ | ​        | Non- controlling Interests | ​ | ​ | Total Equity | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2013                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 67,501,936 | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | $       |  418,407 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ |  (4,949,810) | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |  (61,085) | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |  13,451 | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |  — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  438,508 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  86 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  2,478 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  (67,782) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  744,063 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  182 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  744,245 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income                                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (682) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (682) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,358 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 676 | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends paid and payable                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,874) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,874) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (17,908) | ​ | ​ |
| Share-based compensation                                | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 423           | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​ |
| Exercise of employee stock options                      | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 30,326     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 343            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | (84)          | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 259 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 259 | ​ | ​ |
| Acquisition and elimination of non-controlling interest | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 509,820    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 905            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 1,830          | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,177 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,912 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,403) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,509 | ​ | ​ |
| Purchase of a subsidiary                           | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 140 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 140 | ​ | ​ |
| Disposition of subsidiaries                             | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,118 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,118 | ​ | ​ |
| Net fair value loss                                     | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (135) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (135) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (135) | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss on remeasurements                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ |
| Net exchange differences                           | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,785 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,785 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (145) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,640 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2014                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 68,042,082 | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 419,655        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | (4,949,810)        | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | (61,085)        | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 13,790        | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 1,830          | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 424,129 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (49) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,444 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (21,997) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 777,717 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,216 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 778,933 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income                                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (487,630) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (487,630) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,626 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (486,004) | ​ | ​ |
| Deconsolidation of a subsidiary                         | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,645) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,645) | ​ | ​ |
| Issuance of contingently issuable shares                | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 50,000     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 261            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | (203)          | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (58) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends paid                                          | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,236) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,236) | ​ | ​ |
| Net fair value loss                                     | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (48) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (48) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (48) | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss on remeasurements                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (298) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (298) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (298) | ​ | ​ |
| Net exchange differences                           | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79,096 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79,096 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 402 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 79,498 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2015                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 68,092,082 | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 419,916        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | (4,949,810)        | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | (61,085)        | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 13,790        | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | 1,627          | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (63,559) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (97) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (499) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 57,099 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 367,192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,008 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 369,200 | ​ | ​ |
| Net (loss) income                                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (25,361) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (25,361) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,641 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (23,720) | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends paid                                          | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,683) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,683) | ​ | ​ |
| Net fair value gain                                     | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68 | ​ | ​ |
| Net gain on remeasurements                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 192 | ​ | ​ |
| Net exchange differences                           | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | —        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | —            | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —         | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —       | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | —        | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,571) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,571) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (56) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (14,627) | ​ | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2016                       | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 68,092,082 | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​             | $       | 419,916        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                  | ​ | (4,949,810)        | ​                                      | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       | (61,085)        | ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       | 13,790        | ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       | 1,627          | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (88,920) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (29) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (307) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 42,528 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 327,520 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 329,430 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                 |

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| Total ComprehensiveIncome (Loss) for the Years ended December 31, | ​ | ​ | Owners of theParent Company | ​ | ​          | Non-controllingInterests | ​ | ​ | Total   | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|------------------|--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| 2014                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       | 43,934           | ​                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,213 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 45,147 | ​ | ​ |
| 2015                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |  (408,880) | ​                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |  2,028 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  (406,852) | ​ | ​ |
| 2016                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       | (39,672)         | ​                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,585 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (38,087) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                 | ​ | ​ | Common Shares   | ​ | ​    | Preferred Shares* | ​ | ​ | Total Capital Stock | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|------------|-------------------|---------|---------|---------------------|---------|
| Components of Capital Stock                             | ​ | ​ | Numberof Shares | ​ | ​    | Amount            | ​ | ​ | Number ofShares     | ​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | ​ | Numberof Shares | ​ | ​ | Amount | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2013                       | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 62,880,365 | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | $       | 401,388 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,621,571 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 67,501,936 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 418,407 | ​ | ​ |
| Exercise of employee stock options                      | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 30,326     | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 343 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30,326 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 343 | ​ | ​ |
| Acquisition and elimination of non-controlling interest | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 509,820    | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 905 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 509,820 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 905 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2014                       | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 63,420,511 | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 402,636 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,621,571 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,042,082 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 419,655 | ​ | ​ |
| Issuance of contingently issuable shares                | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 50,000     | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | ​ | 261 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 50,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 261 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance at December 31, 2015 and 2016              | ​ | ​ | ​         | ​ | 63,470,511 | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​             | $       | 402,897 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,621,571 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,019 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 68,092,082 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 419,916 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                 |

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| ​                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | 2016               | ​ | ​   | 2015           | ​ | ​ | 2014           | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------|---------|-----------|----------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|
| ​                                                                                       | ​ | ​ |     | ​ | ​   | (Re-presented) | ​ | ​ | (Re-presented) | ​ |
| Cash flows from continuing operating activities:                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Net (loss) income for the year                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​            | $       | (23,720)  | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | (244,602) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 19,198 | ​ | ​ |
| Adjustments for:                                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Amortization, depreciation and depletion                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 11,951    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 6,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,557 | ​ | ​ |
| Exchange differences on foreign currency transactions                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (7,480)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 930 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,017 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss (gain) on short-term securities                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 66        | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 84 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (299) | ​ | ​ |
| Gain on available-for-sale and other securities, net                                          | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (2,534)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,066) | ​ | ​ |
| Impairment of available-for-sale securities                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 91        | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 341 | ​ | ​ |
| (Reversal) recognition of impairment losses on resource properties                            | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (8,566)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 235,875 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,813 | ​ | ​ |
| Share-based compensation                                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 423 | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income taxes                                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 1,454     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (50,800) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,503 | ​ | ​ |
| Market value decrease (increase) on commodity inventories                                     | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 4,273     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,172) | ​ | ​ |
| Interest accretion                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 471       | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 148 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 338 | ​ | ​ |
| Credit losses                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 18,277    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 54,528 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,358 | ​ | ​ |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Short-term cash deposits                                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 39        | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (33) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,643 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term securities                                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 3,997     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 80 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,305 | ​ | ​ |
| Restricted cash                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 624       | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 60 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,593 | ​ | ​ |
| Receivables                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (16,869)  | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 57,608 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,486 | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 184,944   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 15,650 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (32,026) | ​ | ​ |
| Deposits, prepaid and other                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 24,661    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (8,596) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 41,685 | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term bank borrowings                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 34,707    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (137,621) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (103,035) | ​ | ​ |
| Account payables and accrued expenses                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (124,528) | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (18,555) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16,083 | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax liabilities                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (1,576)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (975) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,287 | ​ | ​ |
| Accrued pension assets, net of obligations                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 43        | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (760) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (119) | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (458)     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (6,674) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,002 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing operating activities                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 99,867    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (95,048) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,085) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows from continuing investing activities:                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net                                               | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (198)     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (8,045) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (29,649) | ​ | ​ |
| Proceeds from sales of investments, net                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 10,138    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,632 | ​ | ​ |
| Increase in loan receivables                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (366)     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,132) | ​ | ​ |
| Decrease in loan receivables                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 693       | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 429 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Dispositions (acquisitions) of subsidiaries, net of cash (disposed) acquired                  | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 24,870    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (74,135) | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 345       | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (943) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,831) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows provided by (used in) continuing investing activities                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 35,482    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (8,561) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (107,115) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows from continuing financing activities:                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Debt repayment                                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (186,286) | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (68,707) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (32,578) | ​ | ​ |
| Debt borrowing                                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 20,694    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 5,662 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 140,481 | ​ | ​ |
| Issuance of shares                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 259 | ​ | ​ |
| Repayment to a customer                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (23,576) | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends paid to shareholders                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (4,388) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (12,486) | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends paid to non-controlling interests                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (1,683)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (1,236) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,034) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing financing activities                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (167,275) | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (68,669) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 71,066 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows (used in) provided by discontinued operating activities                            | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (7,004) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,045 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash flows used in discontinued investing activities                                          | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | —   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (1,395) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (11,706) | ​ | ​ |
| Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents                                             | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (37,540)  | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 35,619 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,387 | ​ | ​ |
| (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (69,466)  | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (145,058) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,408) | ​ | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 197,519   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 344,891 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 353,299 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sale, net                               | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (7,377)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (2,314) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​            | $       | 120,676   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 197,519 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 344,891 | ​ | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year consisted of:                                        | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Cash                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​            | $       | 113,591   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 120,805 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 279,867 | ​ | ​ |
| Money market and highly liquid funds                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 7,085     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 76,714 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 65,024 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​            | $       | 120,676   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 197,519 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 344,891 | ​ | ​ |
| Supplemental cash flows disclosure (see Note 27)                                              | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ |
| Interest received                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​            | $       | 3,632     | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 4,233 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 5,404 | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends received                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | 6         | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest paid                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (14,533)  | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (15,273) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (12,962) | ​ | ​ |
| Income taxes paid                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​            | ​ | (3,317)   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | (5,345) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (8,374) | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                | ​ | ​ | EUR     | ​ | ​ | US$     | ​ |
|----------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Closing rate at December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4169  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3427 | ​ | ​ |
| Average rate for the year 2016         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4660  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3248 | ​ | ​ |
| Closing rate at December 31, 2015 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.5029  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.3840 | ​ | ​ |
| Average rate for the year 2015         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4182  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.2787 | ​ | ​ |
| Closing rate at December 31, 2014 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4038  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1601 | ​ | ​ |
| Average rate for the year 2014         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.4671  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.1045 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                        | ​ | ​ | Lives                 | ​ | ​ | Method  | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Buildings                      | ​ | ​ | 20 years​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | straight-line | ​ | ​ |
| Processing plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | 5 to 20 years​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | straight-line | ​ | ​ |
| Refinery and power plants      | ​ | ​ | 20 to 30 years​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | straight-line | ​ | ​ |
| Office equipment and other     | ​ | ​ | 3 to 10 years​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | straight-line | ​ | ​ |

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| As at December 31:         | ​ | ​ | 2016                                    | ​ | ​ | 2015                              | ​ |
|---------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------|---------|
| Total debt                      | ​ | ​ | $   116,813​       | ​ | ​ | $   259,038​ | ​ |
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ |   (120,676)​          | ​ | ​ |  (197,519)​           | ​ |
| Net debt                        | ​ | ​ | Not applicable​                   | ​ | ​ | 61,519​                     | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity      | ​ | ​ | 327,520​                          | ​ | ​ | 367,192​                    | ​ |
| Debt-to-adjusted capital ratio  | ​ | ​ | Not applicable​                   | ​ | ​ | 0.17​                       | ​ |
| Long-term debt                  | ​ | ​ | $    80,564​ | ​ | ​ | $   174,333​ | ​ |
| Shareholders’ equity      | ​ | ​ | 327,520​                          | ​ | ​ | 367,192​                    | ​ |
| Long-term debt-to-equity ratio  | ​ | ​ | 0.25​                             | ​ | ​ | 0.47​                       | ​ |

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| ​                                                                               | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                    | 2015    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|
| Assets held for sale:                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Hydrocarbon properties                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 94,556 | ​ | ​ |
| Amount due from former subsidiaries, net                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,600 | ​ | ​ |
| Royalty interest in an iron ore mine*                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 30,000 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest in an iron ore development project**                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Commodities trading                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,667                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,667                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 136,156 | ​ | ​ |
| Liabilities (including decommissioning obligations) relating to assets held for sale: | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Hydrocarbon properties                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (79,779) | ​ | ​ |
| Royalty interest in an iron ore mine, deferred income tax liability*                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,800) | ​ | ​ |
| Commodity trading                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (29,897)                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Total liabilities                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    (29,897) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    (87,579) | ​ | ​ |
| Net assets held for sale                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 15,770                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 48,577 | ​ | ​ |
| Represented by:                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Hydrocarbon properties                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 14,777**** | ​ | ​ |
| Royalty interest in an iron ore mine                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 22,200 | ​ | ​ |
| Amount due from former subsidiaries, net                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,600 | ​ | ​ |
| Commodities trading                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,770***                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 15,770                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 48,577 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                               |

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| ​ | Current assets                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 42,293                     | ​ | ​ |
|---------|----------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|
| ​ | Non-current assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,374                      | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Total assets                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,667                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Debt                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    (20,140) | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Other liabilities                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (9,757)                    | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Net assets held for sale         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 15,770                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ |
| ​ | Current assets                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 8,583                      | ​ | ​ |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|
| ​ | Non-current assets held for sale                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 85,973                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Total assets                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 94,556                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Debt                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (59,252)                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Short-term borrowings                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,859)                    | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Decommissioning obligations                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    (17,923) | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Other liabilities                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (745)                      | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Net assets held for sale, owing to the Group entities | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 14,777                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ |
| ​                                 | ​ | ​ | 2015                   | ​ | ​                     | 2015              | ​ | ​ | 2014                   | ​ | ​                    | 2014             | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|-----------------------------|-------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|----------------------------|------------------|---------|
| ​                                 | ​ | ​ | Hydrocarbon properties | ​ | ​                     | Iron ore interest | ​ | ​ | Hydrocarbon properties | ​ | ​                    | Iron oreinterest | ​ |
| Revenues                                | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       | 62,384                      | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       | —                    | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 99,714 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Costs and expenses                      | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (215,779)                   | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (27,397)                   | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (126,458) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Loss before income taxes                | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (153,395)                   | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (27,397)                   | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (26,744) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax (expense) recovery           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (48,623)                    | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | —                    | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,222 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss from discontinued operations   | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (202,018)                   | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (27,397)                   | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (18,522) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Loss on disposal of assets              | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | —                     | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | —                    | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Income tax expense                      | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (11,987)                    | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | —                    | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Net loss on disposal of assets          | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | (11,987)                    | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | ​ | —                    | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Total loss from discontinued operations | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       |    (214,005) | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                | $       |    (27,397) | ​          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (18,522) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                 |
| ​                                     | ​ | ​ | 2015    | ​ | ​                   | 2014    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Hydrocarbon properties                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 148,877                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 30,387 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest in an iron ore development project | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 27,397                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Gross impairment                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    176,274 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    30,387 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                     |

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| ​                          | ​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2016 | ​ |
|----------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------|---------|
| ​                          | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking                   | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Revenues from external customers | ​ | ​ | ​                           | $       |    1,095,896 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    35,761 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,131,657 | ​ | ​ |
| Intersegment sale                | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 1,975 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 360 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,335 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest expense                 | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 15,751 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,751 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss before income taxes         | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | (13,785) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,921) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,706) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                          | ​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2015 | ​ |
|----------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------|---------|
| ​                          | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking                   | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Revenues from external customers | ​ | ​ | ​                           | $       |    1,593,879 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    35,221 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,629,100 | ​ | ​ |
| Intersegment sale                | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 1,705 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 175 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,880 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest expense                 | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 17,631 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,642 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss before income taxes         | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | (290,342) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (453) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (290,795) | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                           | ​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, 2014 | ​ |
|-----------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------|---------|
| ​                           | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking                   | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Revenues from external customers  | ​ | ​ | ​                           | $       |    1,375,526 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    29,804 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| Intersegment sale                 | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 242 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 507 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 749 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest expense                  | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 14,400 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 14,445 | ​ | ​ |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | 39,968 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,654) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,314 | ​ | ​ |
| ​        | ​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2016 | ​ |
|----------------|---------|---------|------------------------------|---------|
| ​        | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking              | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Segment assets | ​ | ​ | ​                      | $       |    552,129 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    98,209 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    650,338 | ​ | ​ |
| ​        | ​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2015 | ​ |
|----------------|---------|---------|------------------------------|---------|
| ​        | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking              | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Segment assets | ​ | ​ | ​                      | $       |    907,337 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    70,014 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    977,351 | ​ | ​ |
| ​             | ​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2016 | ​ |
|---------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------|---------|
| ​             | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking              | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Segment liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​                      | $       |    306,050 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    14,858 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    320,908 | ​ | ​ |
| ​             | ​ | ​ | As at December 31, 2015 | ​ |
|---------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------|---------|
| ​             | ​ | ​ | Merchantbanking              | ​ | ​ | All other | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ |
| Segment liabilities | ​ | ​ | ​                      | $       |    594,842 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    13,309 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    608,151 | ​ | ​ |
| Segment          | ​ | ​ | Basis for attributing revenues                                                   | ​ |
|------------------|---------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| Merchant banking | ​ | ​ | Locations of external customers or the reporting units, whichever is appropriate | ​ |
| All other        | ​ | ​ | Locations of the reporting units                                                 | ​ |
| Years ended December 31: | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                     | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Canada                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    28,328    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    77,199 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    131,776 | ​ | ​ |
| Africa                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32,519                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26,376 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 24,633 | ​ | ​ |
| Americas                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 256,598                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 309,217 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 300,758 | ​ | ​ |
| Asia                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 113,821                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 176,766 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 81,877 | ​ | ​ |
| Europe                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 700,391                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,038,504 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 866,286 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,038 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| ​                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,131,657 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                       |

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| As at December 31: | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ |
|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Canada                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    138,281 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    27,742 | ​ | ​ |
| Africa                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,710                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33,695 | ​ | ​ |
| Americas                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 876                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,651 | ​ | ​ |
| Asia                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,957                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,770 | ​ | ​ |
| Europe                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 49,464                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 73,572 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    227,288 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    147,430 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                 |
| As at December 31:           | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ |
|-----------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Trade receivables, gross amount   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    194,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    172,439 | ​ | ​ |
| Less: Allowance for credit losses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (58,488)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (21,210) | ​ | ​ |
| Trade receivables, net amount     | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    135,962 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    151,229 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                           |
| Past-due                | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Below 30 days           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    6,767  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    6,847 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 31 and 60 days  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,847                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,191 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 61 and 90 days  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 799                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,936 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 91 and 365 days | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16,491                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,923 | ​ | ​ |
| Over 365 days           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    25,949 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    13,918 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                 |

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| Past-due                                                     | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Below 30 days                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    7,690  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    13,765 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 31 and 60 days                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 489                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,656 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 61 and 90 days                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 745                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 625 | ​ | ​ |
| Between 91 and 365 days                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 131,946                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,792 | ​ | ​ |
| Over 365 days                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,373                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,616 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 156,243                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37,454 | ​ | ​ |
| Allowance for credit losses                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (58,488)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (21,210) | ​ | ​ |
| Expected recoverable amount of impaired trade receivables(1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    97,755 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    16,244 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                      |
| ​                                  | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Balance, beginning of the year           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    21,210 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    9,255 | ​ | ​ |
| Additions                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46,601                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,381 | ​ | ​ |
| Reversals                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,185)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (124) | ​ | ​ |
| Write-offs                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,529)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (95) | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,123)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,946) | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassification to assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (114) | ​ | ​ |
| Currency translation adjustment          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,486)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,853 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance, end of the year                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    58,488 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    21,210 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                  |

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| As at December 31:                     | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Government environmental emission refund    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    4,913 | ​ | ​ |
| Royalty income                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,000                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ |
| Receivables from insurance company/supplier | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,110                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,333 | ​ | ​ |
| Suppliers with debit balance                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,670                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 972 | ​ | ​ |
| Loans                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,763                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 745 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,708                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,664 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    35,251  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    14,727 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                     |
| As at December 31:                          | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                 | 2015    | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|
| Raw materials                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    5,404 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    21,852 | ​ | ​ |
| Work-in-progress                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 289                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,275 | ​ | ​ |
| Finished goods                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,488                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 88,556 | ​ | ​ |
| Commodity inventories                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15,184                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 120,323 | ​ | ​ |
| Goods-in-transit                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,899 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 589                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,440 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 31,954                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 245,345 | ​ | ​ |
| Comprising:                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories contracted at fixed prices or hedged | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 21,071                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 141,344 | ​ | ​ |
| Inventories – other                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,883                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 104,001 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 31,954                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 245,345 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                          |
| As at December 31:                  | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Prepayments and deposits for inventories | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    11,117 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    19,368 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,078                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,074 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 12,195                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 21,442 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                  |

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| Changes in investment property included in non-current assets: | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Balance, beginning of year                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    37,873 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| Change in fair value during the year                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (39)                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassification from assets held for sale                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37,677 | ​ | ​ |
| Currency translation adjustments                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,171)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 196 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance, end of year                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 35,663                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    37,873 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                        |
| ​                                                                                                                                     | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                 | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Rental income                                                                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,511 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,474 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,468 | ​ | ​ |
| Direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property that generated rental income during the year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 226                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 279 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 243 | ​ | ​ |
| Costs                           | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                   | Additions | ​ | ​ | Disposals | ​ | ​                 | Dispositionsofsubsidiaries* | ​ | ​ | Reclassifiedfrom assetsheldfor sale | ​ | ​                   | Reclassifiedto assetsheldfor sale | ​ | ​ | Reclassifiedfromresourceproperties | ​ | ​                    | Currencytranslationadjustments | ​ | ​ | Endingbalance | ​ |
|---------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------|-----------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|-------------------------|-----------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------|---------|----------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|---------|---------------|---------|
| Land and buildings              | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    5,890   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       |    119   | ​                     | ​ | ​ | ​                             | $       |    — | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                            | $       |    (324)    | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (4,745) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    944 | ​ | ​ |
| Refinery and power plants  | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 67,336                    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | —                 | ​                     | ​ | ​ | ​                             | ​ | —                   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | —                    | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | 20,255 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,199) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 91,392 | ​ | ​ |
| Processing plant and equipment  | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 34,548                    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 3,194                   | ​                     | ​ | ​ | ​                             | ​ | (262)                     | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | (25,340)                   | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | 8,128 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (646) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (742) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18,880 | ​ | ​ |
| Office equipment                | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 8,515                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 770                     | ​                     | ​ | ​ | ​                             | ​ | (22)                      | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                            | ​ | (2,918)                    | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (237) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (919) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,189 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                         | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    116,289 | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       |    4,083 | ​                     | ​ | ​ | ​                             | $       |    (284)   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                            | $       |    (28,582) | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | $       |    28,383 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (5,628) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    5,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (2,856) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    116,405 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                         |
| Accumulated depreciation       | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                 | Additions | ​ | ​ | Disposals | ​ | ​                 | Dispositionsofsubsidiaries | ​ | ​ | Reclassifiedto assetsheldfor sale | ​ | ​                                     | Currencytranslationadjustments | ​ | ​ | Endingbalance | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|-------------------------|-----------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|-------------------------|----------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|---------|---------|---------------|---------|
| Land and buildings             | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    1,600 | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       |    367   | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | $       |       — | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | $       |    (139) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (1,663) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    43 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    208 | ​ | ​ |
| Refinery and power plants      | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 6,860                   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 2,641                   | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | —                                     | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (193) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,308 | ​ | ​ |
| Processing plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 8,392                   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 5,403                   | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | —                                     | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | (9,283) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (421) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (546) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,545 | ​ | ​ |
| Office equipment               | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 3,692                   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 880                     | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | —                                     | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | (727) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (170) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 226 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,901 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 20,544                  | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       |    9,291 | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | $       | —                                     | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | $       |    (10,149) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (2,254) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (470) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 16,962 | ​ | ​ |
| Carrying amount                | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | 95,745                  | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | ​                 | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                           | ​ | ​                                     | ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    99,443 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |

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| Costs                          | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                   | Additions | ​ | ​ | Reclassification | ​ | ​                 | Reclassifiedto assetsheldfor sale | ​ | ​ | Currencytranslationadjustments | ​ | ​                   | Endingbalance | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------|-----------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------|---------|
| Land and buildings             | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    3,890   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    18    | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | $       |    — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,982 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    5,890 | ​ | ​ |
| Refinery and power plants      | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 104,779                   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 3,961                   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | —                   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (48,134) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,730 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 67,336 | ​ | ​ |
| Processing plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 21,204                    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 3,836                   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 6,769                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,739 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34,548 | ​ | ​ |
| Office equipment               | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 8,584                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 983                     | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | (274)                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,592) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 814 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,515 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    138,457 | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    8,798 | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | $       |    6,495   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (49,726) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    12,265 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    116,289 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |
| Accumulated depreciation       | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                   | Additions | ​ | ​ | Reclassification | ​ | ​                 | Reclassifiedto assetsheldfor sale | ​ | ​ | Currencytranslationadjustments | ​ | ​                   | Endingbalance | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------|-----------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|-------------------------|-----------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------|---------|
| Land and buildings             | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    436     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    425   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | $       |    — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    739 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,600 | ​ | ​ |
| Refinery and power plants      | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 9,065                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 1,218                   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | —                   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,636) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,213 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,860 | ​ | ​ |
| Processing plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 2,979                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 3,936                   | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | 225                       | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,252 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,392 | ​ | ​ |
| Office equipment               | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 3,148                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 871                     | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | (225)                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (736) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 634 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,692 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 15,628                    | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    6,450 | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | $       |    — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    (5,372) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    3,838 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    20,544 | ​ | ​ |
| Carrying amount                | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    122,829 | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | ​                 | ​                           | ​ | ​ | ​                        | ​ | ​                   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 95,745 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |
| ​ | Interest in an iron ore mine                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    30,000 | ​ | ​ |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| ​ | Hydrocarbon development and production assets                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 29,692                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Exploration and evaluation assets – hydrocarbon probable reserves | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,416                    | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Exploration and evaluation assets – hydrocarbon unproved lands    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,039                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | ​                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 79,147                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ |

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| Costs                                         | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                                     | Decommissioningobligations | ​ | ​ | Reclassificationto refineryand power plants | ​ | ​                   | Reclassifiedfrom assets heldfor sale | ​ | ​ | Reversal ofimpairmentlosses | ​ | ​                   | Endingbalance | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------------------------|----------------------------|---------|---------|---------------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------|---------|
| Interest in an iron ore mine                  | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |       — | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                     | $       |    — | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |    — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    30,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    30,000 | ​ | ​ |
| Hydrocarbon development and production assets | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | —                                     | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                     | ​ | (4,988)                   | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | ​ | (5,000)                   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34,669 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,672 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32,353 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                       | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | —                                     | ​                    | ​ | ​ | ​                                     | $       |    (4,988) | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​                     | $       |    (5,000) | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 64,669 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    7,672 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    62,353 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                       |
| Accumulated depreciation                      | ​ | ​ | Openingbalance | ​ | ​                                     | Additions | ​ | ​ | Reclassification | ​ | ​                   | Reclassifiedfrom assetsheld for sale | ​ | ​ | Impairmentlosses | ​ | ​                                     | Endingbalance | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------------------------|-----------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|---------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------|---------------|---------|
| Interest in an iron ore mine                  | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |       — | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    — | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |       — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| Hydrocarbon development and production assets | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | —                                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 2,661                     | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | —                                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,661 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                       | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | —                                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       |    2,661   | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | $       | —                                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,661 | ​ | ​ |
| Carrying amount                               | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       | —                                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | ​                   | ​                              | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | ​                                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    59,692 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                       |
| ​                                       | ​ | ​ | Probable reserves | ​ | ​                   | Unprovedlands | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------------------------|---------------|---------|
| Balance, beginning of year                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    — | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| Additions                                     | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | —                   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 790 | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassifications from assets held for sale   | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7,732                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,039 | ​ | ​ |
| Reversal (recognition) of impairment (losses) | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 1,684                     | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (790) | ​ | ​ |
| Balance, end of year                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | $       |    9,416   | ​       | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    10,039 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                       |

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| As at December 31:                                                    | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Non-capital tax loss carry-forwards                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    24,308 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    11,848 | ​ | ​ |
| Interests in resource properties                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,370)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Other assets                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,304                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,469 | ​ | ​ |
| Other liabilities                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (9,948)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (16,387) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 9,294                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,930 | ​ | ​ |
| Presented on the consolidated statements of financial position as follows: | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income tax assets                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 16,647                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 20,641 | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income tax liabilities                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,353)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (13,711) | ​ | ​ |
| Net                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 9,294                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,930 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                    |
| Country                 | ​ | ​ | Gross amount | ​ | ​                  | Amount for whichno deferred income tax assetis recognized | ​ | ​ | Expiration dates                                       | ​ |
|-------------------------|---------|---------|--------------|---------|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| Canada                  | ​ | ​ | ​      | $       |    27,434 | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | $      —​ | ​ | ​ | 2033-2036​ | ​ |
| Germany                 | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 13,080                   | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | 9,487​                                           | ​ | ​ | Indefinite​ | ​ |
| Austria                 | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 188,714                  | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | 160,864​                                         | ​ | ​ | Indefinite​ | ​ |
| Uganda                  | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 58,027                   | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | 58,027​                                          | ​ | ​ | Indefinite​ | ​ |
| United Sates of America | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 13,663                   | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | 13,663​                                          | ​ | ​ | Indefinite​ | ​ |
| Malta                   | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 93,876                   | ​                                                   | ​ | ​ | 67,570​                                          | ​ | ​ | Indefinite​ | ​ |

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| As at December 31:      | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Credit facilities from banks | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    95,416 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    52,864 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                      |

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| As at December 31:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Due to a bank, US$nil and US$886 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Repaid in 2016                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,225 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, US$9,100 and US$1,700 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin (3.75% at December 2016) and payable monthly, secured by real estate and trade receivables and due in negotiated periodic repayments with final payment in October 2018. The debt was reclassified to liabilities relating to assets held for sale as at December 31, 2016 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,353 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, US$19,428 and US$24,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, fixed interest plus an interest margin and backup guarantee fee on US$19,428 (5.05% at December 31, 2016) and payable quarterly, secured by intercompany loan receivables and due in equal annual repayments with final repayment in September 2022                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26,085                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33,216 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, €16,414 and €22,200 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, fixed interest and backup guarantee fee on €16,260 (4.01% at December 31, 2016) and the remainder at OEKB variable plus an interest margin and backup guarantee fee (3.24% at December 2016) and payable quarterly, due in semi-annual repayments with final payment in December 2022                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 23,257                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 33,364 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, US$nil and US$10,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Repaid in 2016                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,840 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to banks, €8,000 and €31,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, interest at EURIBOR plus an interest margin (2.17% at December 2016) and payable from November 2018 to November 2020                                                                                                                                                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,335                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46,590 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, €55,035 and €65,708 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, fixed interest and backup guarantee fee on €55,035 (2.57% at December 31, 2016) payable quarterly, secured by intercompany loan receivables and due in semi-annual repayments with final payment in August 2022. The debt was offset against cash as of December 31, 2016. (See Note 29)                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 98,752 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, €nil and €4,043 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The debt was derecognized as a result of the disposition of a subsidiary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,076 | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank €25,900 at December 31, 2016, fixed interest and backup guarantee fee on €25,900 (3.99% at December 31, 2016) payable quarterly, due in semi-annual repayments with final payment in November 2020. The debt was included in liabilities relating to assets held for sale as at December 31, 2015                                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,699                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Due to a bank, €14,642 and €16,713 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, €13,404 at a fixed interest rate (2.7% at December 31, 2016) and the remainder at EURIBOR plus an interest margin (1.55% at December 31, 2016) and payable quarterly, due in semi-annual repayments with final payment in May 2025.                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,437                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 23,622 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |  116,813            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  259,038 | ​ | ​ |
| Current portion                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 36,249                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 84,705 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term portion                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 80,564                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 174,333 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 116,813                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 259,038 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |

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| Years ending December 31: | ​ | ​ | Principal | ​ | ​                  | Interest | ​ | ​ | Total   | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|-----------|---------|--------------------------|----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| 2017                           | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       |    36,249 | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    4,134 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    40,383 | ​ | ​ |
| 2018                           | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 29,731                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,860 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 32,591 | ​ | ​ |
| 2019                           | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 17,761                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,852 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,613 | ​ | ​ |
| 2020                           | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 19,536                   | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,044 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20,580 | ​ | ​ |
| 2021                           | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 4,778                    | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 408 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,186 | ​ | ​ |
| Thereafter                     | ​ | ​ | ​   | ​ | 8,758                    | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,213 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​   | $       | 116,813                  | ​  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 10,753 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 127,566 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |
| As at December 31:                                                   | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Trade and account payables                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    27,053 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    110,881 | ​ | ​ |
| Value-added, goods and services and other taxes (other than income taxes) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,610                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8,821 | ​ | ​ |
| Compensation                                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,837                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,358 | ​ | ​ |
| Provisions for payments under guarantees (see Note 26)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 40,677* | ​ | ​ |
| Contract liabilities                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 535                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,239 | ​ | ​ |
| Deposits from customers                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,471                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,920 | ​ | ​ |
| Acquisition price payables                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,716                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,769 | ​ | ​ |
| Sale of shares on behalf of other                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,067                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,070 | ​ | ​ |
| Contingent consideration on a business combination                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,077 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,825                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,239 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 45,114                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 182,051 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                   |

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| As at December 31:          | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                 | 2015    | ​ |
|----------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|
| Fair value of plan assets        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,453 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    11,838 | ​ | ​ |
| Defined benefit obligations      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,712)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (15,899) | ​ | ​ |
| Accrued pension obligations, net | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (3,259)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (4,061) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                          |
| ​                              | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|--------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Balance, beginning of year           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    11,838 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    24,121 | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassified to assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (11,425) | ​ | ​ |
| Dispositions of subsidiaries         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,394)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Return (loss) on plan assets         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 957                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241) | ​ | ​ |
| Employer contributions               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 215                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 448 | ​ | ​ |
| Benefits paid                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,386)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,272) | ​ | ​ |
| Currency translation adjustments     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 223                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 207 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance, end of year                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,453                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 11,838 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                              |
| ​                                                                         | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|
| Balance, beginning of year                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    15,899 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    27,088 | ​ | ​ |
| Dispositions of subsidiaries                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,581)                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassified to assets held for sale                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (445)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,063) | ​ | ​ |
| Net current service cost                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 190                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 213 | ​ | ​ |
| Obligation interest cost                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 392                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 389 | ​ | ​ |
| Actuarial losses (gains) from changes in demographic assumptions and experience | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 196                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (618) | ​ | ​ |
| Actuarial losses (gains) from changes in financial assumptions                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 828                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (455) | ​ | ​ |
| Benefits paid                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,386)                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,272) | ​ | ​ |
| Currency translation adjustments                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (381)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 617 | ​ | ​ |
| Balance, end of year                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 4,712                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 15,899 | ​ | ​ |
| Consisting of:                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Defined benefit obligations for plans that are wholly unfunded                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 3,029                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 3,702 | ​ | ​ |
| Defined benefit obligations for plans that are wholly or partly funded     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,683                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12,197 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 4,712                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 15,899 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                         |
| Significant actuarial assumptions used in calculating the defined benefit obligations as at December 31: | ​ | ​ | 2016                   | ​ | ​ | 2015                   | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|
| Discount rate                                                                                                 | ​ | ​ | 1.2%–7.8%​ | ​ | ​ | 2.1%–6.3%​ | ​ |
| Rate of salary increases                                                                                      | ​ | ​ | 1.0%–5.5%​ | ​ | ​ | 1.0%–5.5%​ | ​ |
| Consumer price index                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | 0.0%–4.0%​ | ​ | ​ | 0%–1.5%​   | ​ |

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| Years ending December 31: | ​ | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|
| 2017                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 303 | ​ | ​ |
| 2018                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 249 | ​ | ​ |
| 2019                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 257 | ​ | ​ |
| 2020                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 230 | ​ | ​ |
| 2021                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 343 | ​ | ​ |
| Thereafter                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,330 | ​ | ​ |
| Total                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |  4,712 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |
| ​                                                             | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Decommissioning obligations, beginning of year                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ |
| Reclassifications from liabilities relating to assets held for sale | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,923 | ​ | ​ |
| Changes in estimates                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,988) | ​ | ​ |
| Accretion                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 284 | ​ | ​ |
| Decommissioning obligations, end of year                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |  13,219 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                             |

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| As at December 31:                 | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                     | 2015    | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------|
| Common shares                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 328,239                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 328,239 | ​ | ​ |
| Preferred Shares                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,621,571                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,621,571 | ​ | ​ |
| Total number of treasury stock          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    4,949,810 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |    4,949,810 | ​ | ​ |
| Total carrying amount of treasury stock | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    61,085    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    61,085 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                 |
| Years ended December 31:          | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                     | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|----------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Merchant banking products and services | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,078,745 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,580,935 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,360,979 | ​ | ​ |
| Gain on securities, net                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 333 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,056                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,542 | ​ | ​ |
| Dividends                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 49,850                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 43,921 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 39,468 | ​ | ​ |
| Gross revenues                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,131,657                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,629,100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,405,330 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                |

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| Years Ended December 31:                                            | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                     | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Merchant banking products and services                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,027,627 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,512,970 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,269,324 | ​ | ​ |
| Credit losses on loans and receivables and guarantees, net of recoveries | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 17,023*                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 54,540 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,346 | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value loss on investment property                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 44                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 134 | ​ | ​ |
| Market value decrease (increase) on commodity inventories                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,273                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,910 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,172) | ​ | ​ |
| Loss (gain) on derivative contracts, net                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 521                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,913) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (10,189) | ​ | ​ |
| Write-off of inventories, net                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 165 | ​ | ​ |
| Loss on securities, net                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 116                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 84 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Other                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,448**                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,277 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,822*** | ​ | ​ |
| Total costs of sales and services                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,061,052                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 1,573,868 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,266,430 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  |
| Years ended December 31:                                                                                                     | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Inventories as costs of goods sold (including depreciation, amortization and depletion expenses allocated to costs of goods sold) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    974,497 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,464,925 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,217,079 | ​ | ​ |
| Years Ended December 31:            | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                  | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Depreciation, amortization and depletion | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    11,951 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    6,450 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    8,557 | ​ | ​ |
| Employee benefits expenses               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,890                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37,951 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,041 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                          | ​ | ​ | 2008 Plan         | ​ | ​   | 2008 Plan                                       | ​ | ​ | 1997 Plan         | ​ | ​ | 1997 Plan                                      | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------|---------|---------|------------------------------------------------|---------|
| ​                                          | ​ | ​ | Number of options | ​ | ​   | Weighted average exercise price per share (US$) | ​ | ​ | Number of options | ​ | ​ | Weighted average exercise price per share(US$) | ​ |
| Outstanding as at December 31, 2013         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 915,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.81    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,720,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Granted                                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 200,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 8.01    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Expired                                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (24,674)  | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.81    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (255,000) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Exercised                                        | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (30,326)  | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.81    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Surrendered and cancelled                        | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (200,000) | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.81    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Outstanding as at December 31, 2014         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 860,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.83    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,465,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Expired                                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | —   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | — | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (92,500) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Outstanding as at December 31, 2015         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 860,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.83    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,372,500 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Expired                                          | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | (660,000) | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 7.81    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,372,500) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7.81 | ​ | ​ |
| Outstanding as at December 31, 2016         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 200,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 8.01    | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| As at December 31, 2016:                    | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | ​   |
| Options exercisable                              | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | 200,000   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Options available for granting in future periods | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | —   | ​                                         | ​ | ​ | ​           | ​ | ​ | ​                                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                          |

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| ​                        | ​ | ​ | Options Outstanding and Exercisable | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------------|---------|
| Exercise Price per Share (US$) | ​ | ​ | Number outstanding                  | ​ | ​ | Weighted average remainingcontractual life (in years) | ​ |
| $8.01                          | ​ | ​ | ​                             | ​ | 200,000 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2.25 | ​ | ​ |
| Years ended December 31:                                                       | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                                     | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Share-based compensation expenses arising from stock options granted by the Company | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |       — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |       — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    423 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                             |
| Years ended December 31:                                                                       | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                    | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| (Loss) income before income taxes                                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    (16,706) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    (290,795) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    29,314 | ​ | ​ |
| Computed recovery of  (provision for) income taxes at MFC Bancorp’s statutory tax rates | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 4,344                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 75,607 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (7,622) | ​ | ​ |
| Decrease (increase) in income taxes resulting from:                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Subsidiaries’ tax rate differences                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 714                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,107) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 522 | ​ | ​ |
| Other non-taxable income                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,057                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,774 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 481 | ​ | ​ |
| Revisions to prior years                                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (112)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (548) | ​ | ​ |
| Taxable capital gains on dispositions, net                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,543)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 516 | ​ | ​ |
| Resource property revenue taxes                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (755)                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (241) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,962) | ​ | ​ |
| Unrecognized losses in current year                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (15,623)                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (30,469) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (607) | ​ | ​ |
| Previously unrecognized deferred income tax assets, net                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,747                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,449 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Deferred income tax asset on a purchased asset                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,339 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Permanent differences                                                                               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,448)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,865) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,109) | ​ | ​ |
| Change in future tax rate                                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Other, net                                                                                          | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (2,395)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 455 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 213 | ​ | ​ |
| (Provision for) recovery of income taxes                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (7,014)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 46,193 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (10,116) | ​ | ​ |
| Consisting of:                                                                                      | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Resource property revenues taxes                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (1,020)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (325) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (2,661) | ​ | ​ |
| Current and deferred income tax (expense) recovery                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (5,994)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 46,518 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (7,455) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (7,014)                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 46,193 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | (10,116) | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                                             |

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| ​                                                     | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                    | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Basic (loss) earnings available to holders of common shares | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    (25,361) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    (246,228) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    17,840 | ​ | ​ |
| Effect of dilutive securities:                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Diluted (loss) earnings                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (25,361)                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | (246,228) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 17,840 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                     |
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | Number of Shares | ​ |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|------------------|---------|
| ​                                                                  | ​ | ​ | 2016             | ​ | ​ | 2015 | ​ | ​ | 2014 | ​ |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic  | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,922,837 | ​ | ​ |
| Effect of dilutive securities:                                           | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ |
| Options                                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 21 | ​ | ​ |
| Contingently issuable shares                                             | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 34,247 | ​ | ​ |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted     | ​ | ​ | ​          | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 63,142,272 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 62,957,105 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                                                                  |

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| Years ending December 31: | ​ | ​ | Amount  | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| 2017                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    2,284 | ​ | ​ |
| 2018                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 861 | ​ | ​ |
| 2019                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 581 | ​ | ​ |
| 2020                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 483 | ​ | ​ |
| 2021                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 384 | ​ | ​ |
| Thereafter                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 346 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 4,939 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |
| Years ending December 31: | ​ | ​ | Amount  | ​ |
|--------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| 2017                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,079 | ​ | ​ |
| 2018                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 692 | ​ | ​ |
| 2019                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 256 | ​ | ​ |
| 2020                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 61 | ​ | ​ |
| 2021                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 18 | ​ | ​ |
| Thereafter                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 2,106 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                        |

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| Years ended December 31:                              | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Continuing operations:                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Sales of goods                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    3,349 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    2,994 | ​ | ​ |
| Fee income                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 61 | ​ | ​ |
| Purchases of goods for sale                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (19,346)* | ​ | ​ |
| Reimbursement of office and expenses at cost to a director | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (117)** | ​ | ​ |
| Royalty expense paid and payable                           | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (284) | ​ | ​ |

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| Years ended December 31: | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                 | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Short-term employee benefits  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    2,296 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    2,719 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,932 | ​ | ​ |
| Termination benefits*         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,909 | ​ | ​ |
| Share-based payments**        | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 211 | ​ | ​ |
| Directors’ fees         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 634                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 479 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 402 | ​ | ​ |
| Total                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 2,930                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 3,198 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 4,454 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                       |
| As at December 31:                                                          | ​ | ​ | 2016           | ​ | ​                   | 2015      | ​ |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|----------------|---------|---------------------------|-----------|---------|
| ​                                                                          | ​ | ​ | CarryingAmount | ​ | ​                   | FairValue | ​ | ​ | CarryingAmount | ​ | ​ | FairValue | ​ |
| Financial Assets:                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Fair value through profit or loss:                                               | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Short-term securities                                                            | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    7       | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    170 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    170 | ​ | ​ |
| Derivative assets                                                                | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 1,240                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,240 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,726 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,726 | ​ | ​ |
| Loans and receivables:                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Long-term loan receivables (including current portion)                           | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 9,392                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,392 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,828 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,691 | ​ | ​ |
| Long-term receivables, other                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | —                   | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,523 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,523 | ​ | ​ |
| Available-for-sale instruments:                                                  | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Securities, at fair value                                                        | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 5,572                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,572 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 630 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 630 | ​ | ​ |
| Securities (including restricted non-current assets – securities), at cost | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 232                       | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 232 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 298 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial Liabilities:                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost:                                | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Debt                                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​        | $       |    116,813 | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    118,015 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    259,038 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    242,808 | ​ | ​ |
| Fair value through profit or loss:                                               | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | ​                   |
| Derivative liabilities                                                           | ​ | ​ | ​        | ​ | 6,454                     | ​   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,454 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,236 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 4,236 | ​ | ​ |

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| As at December 31, 2016       | ​ | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | ​                 | Level 2 | ​ | ​ | Level 3 | ​ | ​                   | Total   | ​ |
|------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| Financial Assets:                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                 |
| Fair value through profit or loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                 |
| Short-term securities              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    7     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    7 | ​ | ​ |
| Derivative assets                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,240                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,240 | ​ | ​ |
| Available-for-sale:                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                 |
| Securities                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,572                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,572 | ​ | ​ |
| Total                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    5,579 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,240   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    6,819 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial Liabilities:             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                 |
| Fair value through profit or loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                 |
| Derivative liabilities             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 6,454                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,454 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                            |

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| As at December 31, 2015       | ​ | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | ​                   | Level 2 | ​ | ​ | Level 3 | ​ | ​                 | Total   | ​ |
|------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|
| Financial Assets:                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                   |
| Fair value through profit or loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                   |
| Short-term securities              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    170     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 170 | ​ | ​ |
| Derivative assets                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,726                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 5,726 | ​ | ​ |
| Available-for-sale:                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                   |
| Securities                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 630                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 630 | ​ | ​ |
| Total                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 800                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 5,726                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 6,526 | ​ | ​ |
| Financial Liabilities:             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                   |
| Fair value through profit or loss: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​                   |
| Derivative liabilities             | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    4,236 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    4,236 | ​ | ​ |
| ​                            |
| ​                                                                 | ​ | ​ | Risks   | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| ​                                                                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Market risks | ​ |
| Financial instrument                                                    | ​ | ​ | Credit  | ​ | ​ | Liquidity | ​ | ​ | Currency | ​ | ​ | Interest rate | ​ | ​ | Other price | ​ |
| Cash and cash equivalents, short-term cash deposits and restricted cash | ​ | ​ | X       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term securities                                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ |
| Long-term securities                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ |
| Derivative securities and financial liabilities                         | ​ | ​ | X       | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ |
| Receivables                                                             | ​ | ​ | X       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Short-term bank borrowings                                              | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Account payables and accrued expenses                                   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Debt                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | X | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |

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| ​ | Cash and cash equivalents, short-term cash deposits and restricted cash | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    120,858 | ​ | ​ |
|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|
| ​ | Derivative assets                                                       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,240                     | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Receivables                                                             | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 172,842                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 294,940                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Guarantees (see Note 26)                                                | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28,793                    | ​ | ​ |
| ​ | Maximum credit risk exposure                                            | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       | 323,733                   | ​ | ​ |
| ​ |

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| Recognized asset and liabilities       | ​ | ​ | Gross amount | ​ | ​                   | Amount set off | ​ | ​ | Net amount* | ​ |
|----------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------|---------|---------------------------|----------------|---------|---------|-------------|---------|
| Cash and cash equivalents              | ​ | ​ | ​      | $       |    201,866 | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​     | $       |    (81,190) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    120,676 | ​ | ​ |
| Debt, current portion                  | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 114,228                   | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ | (77,979) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 36,249 | ​ | ​ |
| Accounts payables and accrued expenses | ​ | ​ | ​      | ​ | 48,325                    | ​        | ​ | ​ | ​     | ​ | (3,211) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 45,114 | ​ | ​ |

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| ​                                                                                   | ​ | ​ | 2016    | ​ | ​                   | 2015    | ​ | ​ | 2014    | ​ |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Interest income on financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss              | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    605     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    743 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    1,269 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest income on financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss       | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,451                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,494 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,273 | ​ | ​ |
| Total interest income                                                                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    3,056   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    4,237 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    4,542 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest expense on financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss        | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    7,747   | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    3,701 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    4,565 | ​ | ​ |
| Interest expense on financial liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,720                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 13,793 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,542 | ​ | ​ |
| Total interest expense                                                                    | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    15,467  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    17,494 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    14,107 | ​ | ​ |
| Dividend income on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss                  | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| Dividend income on financial assets classified as available for sale, other               | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 8 | ​ | ​ |
| Net gain on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss                         | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,240                     | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,829 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 10,488 | ​ | ​ |
| ​             | ​ | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | ​                 | Level 2 | ​ | ​ | Level 3 | ​ |
|---------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Inventories         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,655 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    13,529 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       — | ​ | ​ |
| Investment property | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 35,663 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Total               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    1,655 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    49,192 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | — | ​ | ​ |
| ​             |
| ​             | ​ | ​ | Level 1 | ​ | ​                 | Level 2 | ​ | ​ | Level 3 | ​ |
|---------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Inventories         | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    3,418 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    116,905 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |       — | ​ | ​ |
| Investment property | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | —                 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 37,873 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ |
| Total               | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    3,418 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $       |    154,778 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ |    — | ​ | ​ |
| ​             |

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| Subsidiaries                    | ​ | ​ | Country of Incorporation | ​ | ​ | Proportion of Interest | ​ |
|---------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------------|---------|---------|------------------------|---------|
| MFC Commodities GmbH            | ​ | ​ | Austria                  | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC Metal Trading GmbH          | ​ | ​ | Austria                  | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| Kasese Cobalt Company Limited   | ​ | ​ | Uganda                   | ​ | ​ | 75%                    | ​ |
| MFC (A) Ltd                     | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands         | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC (D) Ltd                     | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands         | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| M Financial Corp.               | ​ | ​ | Barbados                 | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC Corporate Services AG       | ​ | ​ | Switzerland              | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC Power Limited Partnership   | ​ | ​ | Canada                   | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC Energy Finance Inc.         | ​ | ​ | Canada                   | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| F.J. Elsner GmbH                | ​ | ​ | Austria                  | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| FESIL Sales GmbH                | ​ | ​ | Germany                  | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| MFC Merchant Bank Limited       | ​ | ​ | Malta                    | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |
| Sino Medical Technology Co. Ltd | ​ | ​ | Marshall Islands         | ​ | ​ | 100%                   | ​ |

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| ExhibitNumber | ​ | ​ | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | ​ |
|---------------|---------|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| 1.1           | ​ | ​ | Amended and Restated Articles of MFC Bancorp Ltd. dated November 14, 2014. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated November 14, 2014.                                                                                 | ​ |
| 1.2           | ​ | ​ | Certificate of Change of Name dated February 16, 2016 of MFC Bancorp Ltd. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated February 16, 2016.                                                                                  | ​ |
| 1.3           | ​ | ​ | Advance Notice Policy adopted by board of directors of MFC Bancorp Ltd. on November 18, 2013. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated November 19, 2013.                                                              | ​ |
| 4.1           | ​ | ​ | Amendment to Mining Lease Agreement dated January 1, 1987 between MFC Bancorp Ltd. and Wabush Iron Co. Limited, Stelco Inc. and Dofasco Inc. Incorporated by reference from our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1989. | ​ |
| 4.2           | ​ | ​ | Memorandum of Agreement dated November 24, 1987 between MFC Bancorp Ltd. and Wabush Iron Co. Limited, Stelco Inc. and Dofasco Inc. Incorporated by reference from our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1989.           | ​ |
| 4.3           | ​ | ​ | First Amendment to the Memorandum of Agreement between MFC Bancorp Ltd. and Wabush Iron Co. Limited, Stelco Inc. and Dofasco Inc. Incorporated by reference from our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1989.                 | ​ |
| 4.4           | ​ | ​ | Amended 1997 Stock Option Plan. Incorporated by reference from our Form S-8 dated May 23, 2007.                                                                                                                                      | ​ |
| 4.5           | ​ | ​ | 2008 Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference from our Form F-4 dated October 7, 2010.                                                                                                                                       | ​ |
| 4.6           | ​ | ​ | 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by reference from our Form 6-K dated October 10, 2014.                                                                                                                                      | ​ |
| 8.1           | ​ | ​ | List of significant subsidiaries of MFC Bancorp Ltd. as at December 31, 2016.                                                                                                                                                        | ​ |
| 11.1*         | ​ | ​ | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Insider Trading Policy.                                                                                                                                                                           | ​ |
| 12.1          | ​ | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                                                                                                                                       | ​ |
| 12.2          | ​ | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                                                                                                                                       | ​ |
| 13.1          | ​ | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                                                                                        | ​ |
| 13.2          | ​ | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                                                                                        | ​ |
| 15.1          | ​ | ​ | Consent dated March 31, 2017 of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.                                                                                                                                                                          | ​ |

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