Revised January 2024 

Science and 

Technology 

Program

Seed Regulatory 

and Testing

State Noxious-Weed Seed 

Requirements Recognized 

in the Administration of the 

Federal Seed Act 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Changes for January 2024 ......................................................ii

Introduction ............................................................................ vi 

Noxious-weed seeds under the Federal Seed Act................ vii

ALABAMA................................................................ 1

ALASKA................................................................................. 3

ARIZONA............................................................................... 4

ARKANSAS ........................................................................... 6 

CALIFORNIA ......................................................................... 8

COLORADO ........................................................................ 14

CONNECTICUT................................................................... 16

DELAWARE......................................................................... 17

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA................................................... 19

FLORIDA ............................................................................. 20

GEORGIA ............................................................................ 22

HAWAII ................................................................................ 24

IDAHO.................................................................................. 27

ILLINOIS .............................................................................. 29

INDIANA .............................................................................. 31

IOWA ................................................................................... 32

KANSAS .............................................................................. 34

KENTUCKY ......................................................................... 36

LOUISIANA.......................................................................... 37

MAINE.................................................................................. 39

MARYLAND......................................................................... 40

MASSACHUSETTS............................................................. 42

MICHIGAN........................................................................... 43

MINNESOTA........................................................................ 45

MISSISSIPPI........................................................................ 46

MISSOURI ..............................................................48

MONTANA..............................................................50

NEBRASKA ............................................................52

NEVADA................................................................. 54

NEW HAMPSHIRE.................................................56

NEW JERSEY ........................................................58

NEW MEXICO ........................................................60

NEW YORK ............................................................61

NORTH CAROLINA................................................62

NORTH DAKOTA ...................................................64

OHIO.......................................................................65

OKLAHOMA ...........................................................67

OREGON ................................................................69

PENNSYLVANIA ....................................................71

RHODE ISLAND.....................................................73

SOUTH CAROLINA................................................74

SOUTH DAKOTA ...................................................76

TENNESSEE..........................................................77

TEXAS.........................................................79 

UTAH...........................................................81 

VERMONT..............................................................84

VIRGINIA................................................................85

WASHINGTON.......................................................87

WEST VIRGINIA.....................................................89

WISCONSIN...........................................................91

WYOMING..............................................................92

APPENDIX A ..................................................94

APPENDIX B ................................................120

Note: It is the responsibility of seed dealers to verify name variations used by 

each State.

These lists show the common names appearing in State seed laws. In labeling interstate

shipments, seed dealers are cautioned to use the common name(s) appearing on the list for

the State into which the seed is being shipped. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ii

Changes for January 2024 

• Changed the contact e-mail for updates and corrections to Ernest.Allen@usda.gov

• Changed the web site address where the publication is available to

www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa

Kansas: 

Added to the prohibited list:

Columbus grass (Sorghum x almum) 

Removed from the prohibited list:

Bindweed, field (Convolvulus arvensis) 

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba) 

Knapweed, Russian (Centaurea repens) 

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) 

Lespedeza, sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) 

Pignut or Rushpea, Indian (Hoffmannseggia densiflora) 

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) 

Ragweed, bur (Ambrosia grayi) 

Rushpea, Indian or Pignut (Hoffmannseggia densiflora) 

Spurge, leafy (Euphorbia esula) 

Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense) 

Thistle, musk or nodding (Carduus nutans) 

Added to the restricted list:

Bluestem, Caucasian (Bothriochloa bladhii) 

Bluestem, yellow (Bothriochloa ischaemum) 

Montana: 

Added to the prohibited list:

Buckthorn, common (Rhamnus cathartica) 

Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) 

Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) 

Modified to the prohibited list:

Hawkweed, meadow complex to include Hieracium caespitosum, H. praealturm, H. floridundum, and

Pilosella caespitosa

Knotweed, complex to include Polygonum cuspidatum, P. sachalinense, P. x bohemicum, Fallopia 

japonica, F. sachalinensis, F.x bohemica, Reynoutria japonica, R. sachalinensis, and R. x bohemica 

Texas: 

Modified to the restricted list:

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon to Cynodon spp.) 

Oat, wild (Avena spp to Avena fatua) 

Rice, red (Oryza sativa to Oryza spp.) 

Thistle, blessed (Cnicus benedictus to Centaurea benedicta) 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

iii

Utah: 

Added to the prohibited list:

Hoary cress, globe-podded (Lepidium draba) 

Hoary cress, heart-podded (Lepidium chalepense) 

Hoary cress, lens-podded (Lepidium appelianum) 

Removed from the prohibited list: 

Whitetop or Hoary cress (Cardaria spp.) 

Appendix A:

Added the following:

Kansas to Bindweed, hedge (Calystegia sepium) 

Kansas to Bluestem, Caucasian (Bothriochloa bladhii) 

Kansas to Bluestem, yellow (Bothriochloa ischaemum) 

Kansas to Buckwheat, wild (Fallopia convolvulus) 

Kansas to Columbus grass (Sorghum x almum) 

Kansas to Daisy, ox-eye (Leucanthemum vulgare)

Montana to Buckthorn, common (Rhamnus cathartica) 

Montana to Daisy, ox-eye (Leucanthemum vulgare) 

Montana to Knapweed, Russian (Acroptilon repens) 

Montana to Loosestrife, purple (Lythrum salicaria) 

Montana to Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) 

Montana to Ventenata (Ventanata dubia) 

Texas to Bermudagrass (common and giant) (Cynodon spp.) 

Texas to Rice, red (Oryza spp.) 

Utah to Hoarycress – shown as Globe-podded (Lepidium draba) 

Utah to Hoarycress – shown as Heart-podded (Lepidium chalepnese) 

Utah to Hoarycress – shown as Lens-podded (Lepidium appelianum) 

Removed the following:

Kansas from Bindweed, field (Convolvulus arvensis) 

Kansas from Bindweed, hedge (Calystegia spp.) 

Kansas from Buckwheat, wild (Polygonum convolvulus)

Kansas from Cress, hoary (Cardaria draba) 

Kansas from Daisy, oxeye (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) 

Kansas from Knapweed, Russian (Centaurea repens) 

Kansas from Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) 

Kansas from Lespedeza, sericea (Lespedeza cuneata) 

Kansas from Pignut or Rushpea, Indian (Hoffmannseggia densiflora)

Kansas from Quackgrass (Elytrigi repens)

Kansas from Ragweed, bur (Ambrosia grayi) 

Kansas from Spurge, leafy (Euphorbia esula) 

Kansas from Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense) 

Kansas from Thistle, musk or nodding (Carduus nutans) 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

iv

Montana from Daisy, oxeye (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) 

Montana from Hawkweed, complex (Hieracium spp.) 

Montana from Knapweed, Russian (Centaurea repens) 

Montana from Knotweed, complex (Polygonum spp.) 

Montana from Loosestrife, purple (Lythrum spp.) 

Texas from Bermudagrass (Bermudagrass giant) (Cynodon dactylon) 

Texas from Oat, feral (Avena spp.) 

Texas from Rice, red (Oryza sativa) 

Utah from Whitetop (Cardaria spp.) 

Appendix B:

Added the following:

Kansas to Bothriochloa bladhii (Bluestem, Caucasian)

Kansas to Bothriochloa ischaemum (Blueste, yellow)

Kansas to Calystegia sepium (Bindweed, hedge) 

Kansas to Cynanchum laeve (Milkweed, climbing)

Kansas to Fallopia convolvulus (Buckwheat, wild) 

Kansas to Leucanthemum vulgare (Daisy, oxeye) 

Kansas to Sorghum x almum (Colombus grass) 

Montana to Acroptilon repens (Knapweed, Russian) 

Montana to Leucanthemum vulgare (Daisy, oxeye) 

Montana to Lythrum salicaria (Loosestrife, purple) 

Montana to Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, common) 

Montana to Taeniatherum caput-medusae (Medusahead)

Montana to Ventenata dubia (Ventenata)

Texas to Centaurea benedicta (Thistle, blessed) 

Texas to Cynodon spp. (Bermudagrass, giant) 

Texas to Oryza spp. (Rice, Red)

Utah to Lepidium appelianum (Hoarycress – shown as Lens-podded) 

Utah to Lepidium chalapense (Hoarycress – shown as Heart-podded) 

Utah to Lepidium draba (Hoarycress – shown as Globe-podded) 

Removed the following:

Kansas from Elytrigia repens (Quackgrass) 

Kansas from Ambrosia grayi (Ragweed, bur) 

Kansas from Calystegia spp. (Bindweed, hedge) 

Kansas from Cardaria draba (Hoarycress)

Kansas from Carduus nutans (Thistle, musk) 

Kansas from Centaurea repens (Knapweed, Russian) 

Kansas from Cirsium arvense (Thistle, Canada)

Kansas from Convolvulus arvensis (Bindweed, field) 

Kansas from Euphorbia esula (Spurge, leafy) 

Kansas from Gonolobus leavis (Milkweed, climbing) 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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Kansas from Hoffmannseggia densiflora (Pignut)

Kansas from Lespedeza cuneata (Lespedeza, sericea)

Kansas from Pueraria lobata (Kudzu)

Montana from Centaurea repens (Knapweed, Russian)

Montana from Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Daisy, oxeye)

Montana from Hieracium spp. (Hawkweed, complex)

Montana from Lythrum spp. (Loosestrife, purple)

Montana from Polygonum spp. (Knotweed, complex)

Texas from Avena spp. (Oat, wild and feral oat)

Texas from Cnicus benedictus (Thistle, blessed)

Texas from Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass)

Texas from Oryza sativa (Rice, red)

Utah from Cardaria spp. (Whitetop)
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

vi 

Introduction

This publication contains information about State labeling requirements and prohibitions of 

noxious-weed seeds and shows the scientific names and common names according to the law and 

regulations of the State in which the seed is noxious. It is the responsibility of seed dealers to

know the requirements of State laws and the changes in those laws. 

Appendix A and B contain cross references of State noxious-weed seed common and scientific 

names. Over time, the Seed Regulatory and Testing Division (SRTD) has compiled many name 

variations from individual States that SRTD has incorporated into the appendices. Because of the 

many variations in common names and the possible synonyms in scientific names, SRTD cannot 

claim that the names in the appendices exactly match the names as published in each State’s seed 

law or regulations. It is the responsibility of seed dealers to verify name variations used by 

each State.

In addition to the noxious-weed seed requirements, the maximum percentage of weed seeds 

permitted by the State laws is shown where applicable. Note: The Federal Seed Act does not limit 

the percentage of weed seeds but does require truth in labeling as it pertains to weed seed content. 

This publication will only be updated when the SRTD receives official information from the State 

seed control officials. The State seed control officials should contact the SRTD office as soon as 

updates or changes are being made to their State noxious-weed seed list.

For updates and corrections, State seed control officials should contact: 

Seed Regulatory and Testing Division Phone: (704) 810-8870 

801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C e-Fax: (833) 890-2305 

Gastonia, NC 28054-2193 E-mail: Ernest.Allen@usda.gov

This publication is available at www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/fsa

For the purpose of interstate commerce, the Federal Seed Act defines "noxious-weed seed" as, in 

part, "the seeds or bulblets of plants recognized as noxious ... by the law or rules and regulations 

of the State into which the seed is offered for transportation or transported. or ... Puerto Rico, 

Guam, or District of Columbia ... or ... by the rules and regulations of the Secretary of 

Agriculture ..." 

Section 201(a)(5) of the Federal Seed Act provides, in part: "It shall be unlawful for any person to 

transport or deliver for transportation in interstate commerce--

(a) Any agricultural seeds or any mixture of agricultural seeds for seeding purposes, unless each 

container bears a label giving the following information...: 

(5) Kinds of noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence of each, which rate shall be 

expressed in accordance with and shall not exceed the rate allowed for shipment, movement, 

or sale of such noxious-weed seeds by the law and regulations of the State into which the 

seed is offered for transportation or transported or in accordance with the rules and 

regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture, when under the provisions of section 

101(a)(9)(A)(iii) [the Secretary] shall determine that weeds other than those designated by 

State requirements are noxious;" 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

vii 

Section 201.16(b) of the Regulations under the Federal Seed Act provides: "Seeds or bulblets of 

the following plants shall be considered noxious-weed seeds in agricultural and vegetable seeds 

transported or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce (including Puerto Rico, Guam, 

and the District of Columbia). Agricultural or vegetable seed containing seeds or bulblets of these 

kinds shall not be transported or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce. 

Noxious-weed seeds under the Federal Seed Act

Noxious-weed seeds include the following species on which no tolerance will be applied: 

Aeginetia spp. 

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King and

H.E. Robins. 

Alectra spp. 

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC.

Asphodelus fistulosus L.

Avena sterilis L. (including Avena 

ludoviciana Dur.) 

Azolla pinnata R. Br.

Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. 

Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. 

Commelina benghalensis L.

Crupina vulgaris Cass.

Digitaria scalarum (Schweinfurth) 

Chiovenda 

Digitaria velutina (Forsk.) Beauv. 

Drymaria arenarioides Roem. and Schult. 

Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth

Emex australis Steinh. 

Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. 

Galega officinalis L.

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & 

Levier

Homeria spp. 

Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle 

Hygrophila polysperma T. Anders. 

Imperata brasiliensis Trin.

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. 

Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. 

Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss 

Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees

Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume

Lycium ferocissimum Miers

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake 

Melastoma malabathricum L.

Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Robins. 

Mikania micrantha H.B.K.

Mimosa invisa Mart.

Mimosa pigra L. var. pigra 

Monochoria hastata (L.) Sloms-Laub. 

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) K.B. Presl 

Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arechavaleta 

Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. 

Oryza longistaminata A. Cheval. and Roehr. 

Oryza punctata Steud. 

Oryza rufipogon Griff. 

Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. 

Paspalum scrobiculatum L.

Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. 

Pennisetum macrourum Trin. 

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. 

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. 

Prosopis alpataco R.A. Philippi 

Prosopis argentina Burkart

Prosopis articulata S. Watson 

Prosopis burkartii Munoz 

Prosopis caldenia Burkart 

Prosopis calingastana Burkart 

Prosopis campestris Griseb.

Prosopis castellanosii Burkart

Prosopis denudans Benth. 

Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart 

Prosopis farcta (Russell) Macbride 

Prosopis ferox Griseb.

Prosopis fiebrigii Harms 

Prosopis hassleri Harms 

Prosopis humilis Hook. and Arn. 

Prosopis kuntzei Harms 

Prosopis pallida (Willd.) H.B.K. 

Prosopis palmeri S. Watson

Prosopis reptans Benth. var. reptans 

Prosopis rojasiana Burkart 

Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart

Prosopis ruscifolia Griseb.

Prosopis sericantha Hook. and Arn. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements 

Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

viii 

Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. 

Prosopis torquata (Lagasca) DC. 

Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton 

Rubus fruticosus L. (complex) 

Rubus moluccanus L. 

Saccharum spontaneum L. 

Sagittaria sagittifolia L. 

Salsola vermiculata L. 

Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 

Salvinia biloba Raddi 

Salvinia herzogii de la Sota

Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell 

Senecio inaequidens DC.

Senecio madagascariensis Poir.

Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf and 

Hubb. 

Solanum tampicense Dunal

Solanum torvum Sw. 

Solanum viarum Dunal 

Sparganium erectum L.

Spermacoce alata (Aublet) de Candolle 

Striga spp. 

Tridax procumbens L.

Urochloa panicoides Beauv.” 

Under the Federal Seed Act, only agricultural seeds (including lawn seeds) are subject to State

noxious-weed seed requirements. However, the interstate provisions as listed above apply to both 

agricultural and vegetable seeds, even though vegetable seeds are not required to be labeled as to 

the presence of noxious-weed seeds.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant 

Protection and Quarantine Program (USDA APHIS PPQ) and the plant health agencies in each 

of the 50 states, regulate the shipment of nursery and greenhouse stock to minimize the spread of 

harmful insects, diseases, and other pests. The Federal & State Quarantine Summaries is 

designed as a reference tool for nursery stock growers, brokers, purchasers, and others involved 

in the buying, selling, and interstate transport of nursery and greenhouse plant crops. It outlines 

the basic quarantine and other plant health requirements of APHIS, all 50 states, and Puerto 

Rico. This publication is available at www.nationalplantboard.org/laws.

The Association of American Seed Control Officials publishes a website at www.seedcontrol.org

that has links to each State's webpage. Most of those State's webpages have links to their state 

seed law.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

1 

ALABAMA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. - None allowed in certified seed 1/

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp. - None allowed except 2/

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Brunswickgrass Paspalum lepton 300 per pound

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Cheat or 

Chess

Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 per pound 

in uncertified 

seed 1/

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 200 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Docks Rumex spp. except hastatulus 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 27 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 9 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass and/or

Sorghum almum or perennial 

rhizomatous derivatives of these

Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Moonflower or Morningglory, giant Calonyction muricatum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or Turnip, wild Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Elymus repens 100 per pound

Radish Raphanus spp. 27 per pound

Sicklepod Senna tora 27 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

1/ No cocklebur seed is allowed in certified seed and 2 per pound is allowed in uncertified seed. 

2/ Crotalaria spp. is prohibited except Crotalaria juncea, restricted to 5 per pound.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

2 

ALABAMA - continued 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Sunn Hemp 2/ Crotalaria juncea 2/ 5 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of the seed, bulblet, or tuber of each 

noxious-weed seed which are present in agricultural, vegetable, herb, tree, shrub, or flower seed.

The total restricted noxious-weed seeds shall not exceed 200 per pound, singly or collectively, subject to 

the above restrictions; except bermudagrass and cheat or chess which shall not exceed 300 per pound, 

singly or collectively, including the above limitations. The sum or total of all "Restricted Noxious 

Weeds" shall not exceed 300 per pound. 

Except as provided in the regulations, Alabama law prohibits the sale of any agricultural or vegetable 

seed containing weed seed in excess of 2 percent of the whole weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

3 

ALASKA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum

Hempnettle Galeopsis tetrahit

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Lettuce, blue flowering Lactuca pulchella

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Whitetops and its varieties Cardaria draba or Cardaria pubescens or Lepidium 

latifolium

Alaska law prohibits the shipment of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 90 per pound

Buckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulus 2 per pound

Blue burr Lappula echinata 18 per pound

Mustard Brassica juncea or

Brassica kaber

36 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 7 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago spp. 90 per pound

Radish Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris 1 per pound

Vetch, tufted Vicia cracca 2 per pound

Agricultural seed sold or offered for sale within the State of Alaska shall be labeled to show the name 

and approximate number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

4 

ARIZONA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Alfombrilla Drymaria arenarioides

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris

Broomrape, branched Orobanche ramosa

Burclover Medicago polymorpha

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hoarycress, globe-podded (whitetop) Cardaria draba

Hoarycress, lens podded Cardaria chalepensis

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea squarrosa

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Melon, Dudaim (Queen Anne’s melon) Cucumis melo var. dudaim

Morningglory Ipomoea spp., all species except I. carnea, I. 

triloba, I. aborescens, I. batatas, I, quamoclit, 

and I. noctiflora

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaegnifolium

Nutgrass or Nutsedge, purple Cyperus rotundus

Nutgrass or Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Punagrass Stipa brachychaeta

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Purslane, common Portulaca oleracea

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Rue, African (Syrian rue) Peganum harmala

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sandbur, southern Cenchrus echinatus

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Sorghum, species perennial Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

5 

ARIZONA – continued 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea

Starthistle, yellow (St. Barnaby’s thistle) Centaurea solstitialis

Sudangrass, sweet perennial Sorghum spp.

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acathium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria genistifolia var. dalmatica

Torpedograss Panicum repens

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Wartcress, creeping Coronopus squamatus

Water-chestnut Trapa natans

Waterhyacinth, anchored Eichhornia azurea

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens

Witchweed Striga spp.

Woad, Dyers Isatis tinctoria

Arizona law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable or ornamental plant seed containing any 

prohibited noxious-weed seed.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 30 per pound

Mallow, alkali Sida hederacea 30 per pound

Morning glory, three-lobed Ipomoea triloba 10 per pound

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea 30 per pound

Mustard, black Brassica niger 30 per pound

Mustard, field Brassica rapa 30 per pound

Mustard, wild or Charlock Sinapis arvensis 30 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua 5 per pound

Rape, bird Brassica campestris 30 per pound

Resinbush, sweet Euryops subcarnosus subsp. 

vulgaris

10 per pound

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus 10 per pound

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali var. tenuifolia 30 per pound

Waterhyacinth, floating Eichhornia crassipes 10 per pound

Arizona law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable or ornamental plant seed containing 

restricted noxious-weed seeds, singly in excess of limitations, as stated per pound, or in 

combination of 50 per pound. 

The label shall show the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted 

noxious-weed seed present.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

6 

ARKANSAS

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinesis

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli 300 per pound; see exception 7

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium 300 Per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 300 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound; see exception 5

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 3 per pound

Coffeebean or Indigo, tall Sesbania exaltata 15 per pound (in rice)

Darnel Lolium temulentum 300 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 300 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 300 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 300 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 2 per pound or 18 per pound; 

see exception 2

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 300 per pound

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene spp. 15 per pound (in rice)

Indigo, tall or Coffeebean Sesbania exaltata 15 per pound (in rice)

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Moonflower Ipomoea turbinata 300 per pound

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 300 per pound

Nightshade, purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 300 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 300 per pound

Rice, red Oryza sativa var. 15 per pound (in rice)

Sorrel Rumex spp. 300 per pound

The Arkansas laboratory distinguishes moonflower (Ipomoea turbinata) from other species of 

morninglory (Ipomoea spp.). Each of the two is allowed 300 seeds per pound. 

In the Regulations on the Sale of Planting Seed in Arkansas, Arkansas law declares, in part, that 

"When found in rice, the following weeds shall, in addition, be classed as noxious, and their 

presence must be indicated in accordance with the requirements for other noxious weeds: (a) red 
ARKANSAS - continued

2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act 

7

rice (Oryza sativa var.), (b) curly indigo (Aeschynomene spp.), (c) tall indigo or coffeebean 

(Sesbania exaltata).

The label shall show the name and number of each noxious-weed seed present per pound, or if none 

are present, a statement to that effect.

Agricultural seeds must not be sold for planting purposes which contain more than 300 of any one 

noxious weed per pound, or a combined total of 500 noxious weeds per pound, with the following 

exceptions:

1. Sale of seed containing Field Bindweed, Crotalaria spp., Balloonvine, Itchgrass, Nutgrass, 

Serrated Tussock, and Tropical Soda Apple in any amount whatsoever (no tolerance) is 

prohibited.

2. Sale of seed such as sorghum, vetch or small grains requiring at least 300 grams or more as 

shown in Section 4, Subsection (C), Column 3, for a noxious weed examination, that contains 

more than two wild onion or wild garlic per pound is prohibited. Sale of seed such assudangrass, 

clovers, or lespedeza requiring less than 300 grams for a noxious examination, that contain more 

than 18 wild onion or wild garlic per pound, is prohibited.

When the original analysis used for tagging shows any wild onion or wild garlic present, a 

warning tag must be attached in addition to the analysis tag, said warning tab to be obtained from 

the Plant Board.

3. Sale of seed containing more than 100 Johnsongrass seeds per pound is prohibited.

When the original analysis used for tagging shows any Johnsongrass present, a warning tag must 

be attached in addition to the analysis tag, said warning tab to be obtained from the Plant Board.

4. Sale of rice seed for planting purposes containing more than 15 each of red rice, curly indigo, 

and tall indigo, or coffeebean per pound is prohibited.

5. Bromus commutatus when present in smooth bromegrass shall not be considered noxious weed 

but as a common weed.

6. Sale of seed containing more than three cocklebur per pound is prohibited.

7. Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crusgalli, when present in lespedeza, shall not be considered as a 

noxious weed, but as a common weed.

The sale for planting purposes of any agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of 

weed seed is prohibited. Exceptions: the limit is 4 percent for lespedeza and grasses."
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

8 

CALIFORNIA

Effective date of changes to California prohibited and restricted noxious weed seeds lists: October 1, 

2017 

Noxious Weeds in Commercial Seed

Food and Agriculture Code Division 18, Chapter 2, California Seed Law Sections 52251 through 

52515 regulates "noxious weed" (FAC 5004) seed found in commercial agricultural or vegetable 

seed. The law allows for the designation of seeds from species of noxious weeds into two categories 

when present in planting seed; "prohibited noxious weed seed" and "restricted noxious weed seed" 

(Title 3, CCR 3854 and 3855). There are no tolerance levels for prohibited noxious seeds found in 

planting seed; however restricted noxious weed seeds are subject to tolerance standards when 

properly noted on the label of the planting seed container. Rejection and disposition of planting seed 

shipments, if not based on quarantine action, are based on label requirements for planting seeds. 

Prohibited 

3 CCR § 3854. Prohibited Noxious Weed Seed. In accordance with Section 52332 of the Food and 

Agricultural Code, the Director hereby designates the seed or propagule of the following species of 

plants to be prohibited noxious weed seed within the meaning of Section 52257 of the Food and 

Agricultural Code: 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bearded creeper Crupina vulgaris

Biddy biddy Acaena novae-zelandiae

Biddy biddy, pale Acaena pallida

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris

Bur, bronze piri-pir Acaena anserinifolia

Broomrape, branched Orobanche ramosa

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum (=A. pseudalhagi)

Cape grass Tribolium obliterum

Capeweed Arctotheca calendula

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Feverfew, Santa Maria Parthenium hysterophorus

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Goatgrass, ovate Aegilops geniculata (=A. ovata)

Goat’s rue Galega officinalis

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hoary cress, globe-podded Lepidium draba (=Cardaria draba)

Hoary cress, heart-podded Lepidium chalepense (=Cardaria chalepensis)

Hoary cress, lens-podded Lepidium appelianum (=Cardaria pubescens)

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium

Jointvetch Aeschynomene spp.

Joyweed, sessile Alternanthera sessilis

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea s.l. (including C. pratensis)
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

9 

CALIFORNIA - continued 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens (=Acroptilon repens)

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe (=C. maculosa)

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata (=C. squarrosa)

Melon, dudaim Cucumis melo var. dudaim

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Punagrass Achnatherum brachychaetum (=Stipa 

brachychaeta; Amelichloa b.)

Rattlebox, red Sesbania punicea

Restharrow, foxtail Ononis alopecuroides

Salt tree, Russian Halimodendron halodendron

Saltbush, river Atriplex amnicola

Saltwort, Damascus Salsola damascena (=S. vermiculata)

Sandbur, coast Cenchrus incertus

Sandbur, mat Cenchrus longispinus

Sandbur, southern Cenchrus echinatus

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, carnation Euphorbia terracina

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia virgata (=E. esula pro parte)

Star, endive Rhagadiolus stellatus

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistles, onopordum Onopordum spp.

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea

Thistle, wavyleaf Cirsium undulatum

Thistle, welted Carduus crispus

Thistle, whitestem distaff Carthamus leucocaulos

Water-primrose, Uruguayan Ludwigia grandiflora ssp. hexapetala 

(=L. hexapetala)

Water-primrose, winged Ludwigia decurrens

Woad, dyer’s Isatis tinctoria

Restricted

If the seed lot is contaminated with seeds on this list, then the lot must be labeled to name the 

restricted noxious-weed seeds and the rate of occurrence per pound of seed. The State will examine 

seed lots to confirm if the labeled rate of occurrence is within tolerance of the rate of occurrence 

found under State examination. California tolerance for labeled versus State determined rate of 

occurrence is the same as that used by the USDA under FSA Reg. Sec. 201.65 for noxious-weed 

seeds in interstate commerce.

3 CCR § 3855 Restricted Noxious Weed Seed. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

10 

CALIFORNIA - continued 

Unless listed in CCR Section 3854 as a prohibited weed seed, all seeds from plant species listed in 

CCR Section 4500 are considered restricted weed seeds for purposes of labeling seed containers 

offered for sale, planting or distribution in California. 

Source: https:/govt.westlaw.com

California Code of Regulations, Section 4500. Noxious Weed Species. 

It has been determined that the following species of plants are noxious weeds within the meaning of 

Section 5004 of the Food and Agricultural Code:

(Note: this table only contains the extracted restricted species from the 4500 list. The remaining 

species on the 4500 list are stated in the prohibited noxious weed table given above.) 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Anacharis Egeria najas

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bladderflower Araujia sericifera

Broom, bridal veil Retama monosperma

Broom, French Genista monspessulana

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius

Broom, Spanish Spartium junceum

Buttonweed Diodia virginiana

Cape-ivy Delairea odorata (=Senecio mikanioides)

Chickweed, giant Myosoton aquaticum

Cinquefoil, sulphur Potentilla recta

Comfrey, rough Symphytum asperum

Cordgrass, common Spartina anglica

Cordgrass, dense-flowered Spartina densiflora

Cordgrass, saltmeadow Spartina patens

Cordgrass, smooth and hybrids Spartina alterniflora and hybrids

Crabweed, hairy Fatoua villosa

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Eelgrass, dwarf Zostera japonica

False garlic Nothoscordum gracile

False-brome, slender Brachypodium sylvaticum

Fanwort, Carolina Cabomba caroliniana

Floating heart, yellow Nymphoides peltata

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Gaura, Drummond’s Oenothera xenogaura (=Gaura drummondii)

Gaura, wavyleaf Oenothera sinuosus (=Gaura sinuata)
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

CALIFORNIA - continued

11 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis

Gorse Ulex europaeus

Groundcherry, grape Physalis viscosa

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis virginiana var. sonorae (=P. longifolia)

Groundsel, fireweed Senecio linearifolius

Harmel Peganum harmala

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Johsongrass and other perennial 

Sorghum spp. including but not 

limited to Sorghum almum and 

perennial sweet sudangrass

Sorghum halepense

Jubata grass Cortaderia jubata

Kangaroo thorn Acacia paradoxa

Kikuyugrass Pennisetum clandestinum

Klamathweed Hypericum perforatum

Knapweed, desert Volutaria tubuliflora

Knotweed, Bohemian Fallopia ×bohemica (=Reynoutria ×bohemica; Polygonum

×bohemica)

Knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis (=Polygonum s.; Reynoutria s.)

Knotweed, Himalayan Persicaria wallichii (=P. polystachyum; Rubrivena 

polystachya)

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica (=Polygonum cuspidatum; Reynoutria j.)

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Marigold, wild Tagetes minuta

Marshweed, Asian Limnophila sessiliflora

Marshweed, Indian Limnophila indica

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae (=Elymus caput-medusae)

Melon, paddy Cucumis myriocarpus

Mercury, Spanish Mercurialis ambigua

Mesquite, creeping Prosopis strombulifera

Mistletoe, European Viscum album

Mustard, purple Chorispora tenella

Nightshade, heartleaf Solanum cardiophyllum

Nightshade, lanceleaf Solanum lanceolatum

Nightshade, Torrey’s Solanum dimidiatum

Nightshade, white-margined Solanum marginatum

Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi

Nutgrass, purple Cyperus rotundus

Nutgrass, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Onion, panicled Allium paniculatum

Onionweed Asphodelus fistulosus

Oxygen weed, African elodea Lagarosiphon major

Panicgrass, blue Panicum antidotale

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

CALIFORNIA - continued

12 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Primrose-willow, Peruvian Ludwigia peruviana

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elymus repens (=Elytrigia repens)

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Ragwort, Oxford Senecio squalidus

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea (=Jacobaea vulgaris)

Ravennagrass Saccharum ravennae

Reed, giant Arundo donax

Rice, red Oryza rufipogon

Russianthistle, barbwire Salsola paulsenii

Russianthistle, common Salsola tragus

Russianthistle, spineless Salsola collina

Sage, meadow Salvia virgata

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Salt cedar Tamarix chinensis

Salt cedar Tamarix gallica

Salt cedar Tamarix parviflora

Salt cedar Tamarix ramosissima

Salvinia, giant Salvinia auriculata s.l.

Skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea

Spongeplant American, 

American frog's-bit

Limnobium spongia

Spongeplant, South American Limnobium laevigatum

Sprangletop, Chinese Leptochloa chinensis (=Dinebra c.)

Spurge, grassleaf Euphorbia graminea

Spurge, oblong Euphorbia oblongata

Spurge, serrate Euphorbia serrata

Spurge, tree Euphorbia dendroides

St. Johnswort, Canary Island Hypericum canariense

Star-mustard Coincya monensis

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Stinkweed Dittrichia graveolens

Swampweed, Indian Hygrophila polysperma

Swinecress Lepidium coronopus (=Coronopus squamatus)

Tanglehead Heteropogon contortus

Thistle, artichoke Cynara cardunculus

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, golden Scolymus hispanicus

Thistle, Italian Carduus tenuiflorus

Thistle, Japanese Cirsium japonicum

Thistle, slender-flowered Carduus pycnocephalus

Thistle, smooth distaff Carthamus baeticus

Thistle, woolly distaff Carthamus lanatus
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

CALIFORNIA - continued

13 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Thistle, yellowspine Cirsium ochrocentrum

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Tocalote Centaurea melitensis

Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima

Tropical chickweed, whitesnow Drymaria cordata

Waterlily, banana Nymphaea mexicana

Watersprite Ceratopteris thalictroides

Witchweed Striga lutea

Yellowcress, creeping Rorippa sylvestris

This regulation shall in no way restrict the designation of a weed pest to those species listed 

herein. Note: Authority cited: Sections 407 and 5004, Food and Agricultural Code. Reference: 

Section 5004, Food and Agricultural Code. 

This database is current through 12/29/17 Register 2017, No. 52 

[https://govt.westlaw.com] 

California seed law declares it is unlawful to ship, deliver, transport, or sell any agricultural or 

vegetable seed that contains more than 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds. 

California Quarantine Noxious Weeds of Plant Species Not Listed in CCR 4500 in Shipments 

In addition to the noxious-weed species listed in CCR 4500, the State of California plant 

quarantine laws also regulate shipments found infested with propagules of weed pests of known 

economic or environmental detriment and either not known to be established in California or of 

limited distribution that allow for the possibility of eradication or successful containment. Such 

shipments may be rejected.

Firms shipping seed into California should obtain a copy of both the California Plant Quarantine 

Mannual and Seed Laws for guidance. These are available from the Pest Exclusion/Seed Service, 

Plant Health and Pest Prevention Services, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1220 

N Street, Room 344, Sacramento, CA, 95814, telephone (916) 654-0435 

(www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/PE/nsc/seed/index.html).
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

COLORADO

14 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi

Chamomile, scentless Anthemis arvensis

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Clematis, Chinese Clematis orientalis

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens (syn.Centaurea repens)

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgate

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria or Lythrum virgatum

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Povertyweed, silverleaf Ambrosia tomentosa (syn.Franseria discolor)

Povertyweed, woollyleaf Ambrosia grayi (syn. Franseria tomentosa)

Rocket, Dame's Hesperis matronalis

Rue, African Peganum harmala

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Saltcedar Tamarix parviflora and Tamarix ramosissima

Skeletonweed, rush Chrondrilla juncea

Sorghum almum Sorghum x almum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, cypress Euphorbia cyparissias

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Tarweed, coast Madia sativa

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium and Onopordum tauricum

Toadflax, dalmatian Linaria dalmatica
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

15 

COLORADO - continued 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Whitetop Cardaria draba

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens

Whitetop, tall Lepidium latifolium

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Colorado law prohibits sale of agricultural seeds containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Burdock, common Arctium minus 200 per pound

Butterprint or Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 10 per pound

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 50 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 20 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 50 per pound

Groundcherry, purpleflower Quincula lobata and (syn. Physalis 

lobata)

50 per pound

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum 10 per pound

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger 10 per pound

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella 

(syn. Lactuca pulchella)

200 per pound

Mustard, black Brassica nigra 30 per pound

Mustard, India Brassica juncea 30 per pound

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis (syn. Brassica kaber) 30 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua in barley, oat, wheat, rye 

and triticale

10 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua in all other kinds 100 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 100 per pound

Povertyweed, mouse-ear Iva axillaris 200 per pound

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 50 per pound

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens (syn. 

Agropyron repens

50 per pound

Sandbur, longspine Cenchrus longispinus 50 per pound

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare 10 per pound

Velvetleaf or Butterprint Abutilon theophrasti 10 per pound

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed present.

No one lot of seed shall have more than five restricted weeds in the lot. 

Colorado law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed if it contains more than 2 percent of weed 

seed by weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

16 

CONNECTICUT

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Connecticut law prohibits the sale of agricultural seeds consisting of or containing prohibited 

noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Cockle, white Lychnis alba

Dock Rumex spp.

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Plantain Plantago spp.

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Exceptions for lawn grass mixtures: 

The seeds of bedstraw species Galium asprellum may be deleted from the list of prohibited noxiousweed seeds in lawn grass mixtures; seeds of dock (Rumex spp.), except red sorrel (Rumex acetosella), 

and all Plantago spp., other than broadleaf plantain (Plantago major), blackseed plantain (P. rugelii), 

and buckhorn plantain (P. lanceolata) shall not be considered restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn 

grass mixtures. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) shall not be considered a noxious-weed seed when 

labeled as a component in lawn grass mixtures. 

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.

Connecticut law prohibits sale of agricultural, vegetable, and lawn or turf seed if it contains in excess 

of 2.5 percent by weight of weed seed. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

17 

DELAWARE

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sicklepod Cassia tora

Sorghum species, Johnsongrass, perennial sweet 

sudangrass, sorghum almum, and hybrids derived 

therefrom

Sorghum spp.

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless Carduus spp.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Delaware law prohibits the sale of agricultural and vegetable seed consisting of or containing any of 

the above weed seeds.

RestrictedIn Agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, and shrub seed

Common name Scientific name

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass, common Cynodon spp.

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Burcucumber Sicyos angulatus

Cheat or chess Bromus secalinus

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Onion, wild Allium spp.

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Delaware law states, in part, "For agricultural seeds, the label shall show the name and rate of 

occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed present, singly or collectively, in 

any amounts whatsoever, provided that the amount does not exceed 160 per pound in Group 1, and 

10 per pound in Group 2. Except in lawn or turf seed, annual bluegrass shall not exceed 256 per 

pound.” 

“Group 1: Agropyron spp., Agrostis spp., alfalfa, Bermudagrass, Brassica spp., orchardgrass, alsike, 

and white clover, crimson clover, dallisgrass, fescues, flax, foxtail millet, lespedezas, Poa 

spp., red clover, reed canarygrass, rhodesgrass, ryegrass, sweetclover, smooth brome, 

timothy, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this 

group.” 

“Group 2: Barley, buckwheat, oats, proso, rye, sorghums, sudangrass, vetches, wheat, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to, or greater than those within this group, 

or any mixtures within this group.” 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

18 

DELAWARE – continued 

“For seed mixtures for lawn and/or turf purposes in containers of 50 pounds or less, the label shall 

show the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.” 

Delaware law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seeds containing 

in excess of 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds. 

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures 

Except as provided below, seed of the following plants shall be restricted noxious-weed seed and 

shall be listed on the tag or label under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass 

Seed" by name and number per pound or ounce when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, 

chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of 

perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these grasses: 

Restricted Noxious-weed Seed

In Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrass, colonial Agrostis spp. 1/

Bentgrass, creeping Agrostis spp. 1/

Bentgrass, velvet Agrostis spp. 1/

Bermudagrass, common Cynodon spp.

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis 1/

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis 1/

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea 1/

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea 1/

Timothy Phleum pretense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 

If included on the tag or label, seed designated as noxious-weed seed in other states shall be 

listed under the heading, "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass Seed."

The restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly 

labeled for pasture, forage, hay, conservation, or spoil bank reclamation usage. 

Total weed seed, including lawn and turf restricted noxious-weed seed, may not exceed 1 percent 

by weight. 

1/ May be included as a labeled component of a mixture when each is present in excess of 5 

percent, by weight of the mixture.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

19 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon dactylon var. aridus

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

The name and number per pound of each kind of such noxious-weed seeds present shall be stated on 

the label.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

20 

FLORIDA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Dayflower, Benghal Commelina benghalensis

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 4 per pound

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 1000 per pound

Buffalograss Panicum texanum 9 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus 

300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 4 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 9 per pound

Crotalaria Crotalaria mucronata or

Crotalaria striata

54 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 100 per pound

Docks Rumex conglomeratus or 

Rumex crispus or Rumex 

obtusifolius

100 per pound

Dodders Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Horsenettle or Nightshade Solanum carolinense or

Solanum elaeagnifolium

100 per pound

Johnsongrass and/or Sorghum 

almum

Sorghum halepense and/or

Sorghum almum 

27 per pound

Millet, Texas Panicum texanum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or Turnip, wild Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Nightshade or Horsenettle Solanum elaeagnifolium or

Solanum carolinense

100 per pound

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus 1 per pound

Onions, wild Allium canadense 27 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 100 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Rice, red Oryza sativa 300 per pound

Sorghum almum 

and/or Johnsongrass

Sorghum almum and/or

Sorghum halepense

27 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum 1 per pound

Turnip, wild or Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 27 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

FLORIDA – continued

21

Vegetable seed in containers over 8 ounces and agricultural seed shall be labeled to show the name 

and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed.

The total amount of all restricted noxious-weed seed shall not exceed 300 per pound, exclusive of 

annual bluegrass.

Florida law prohibits the sale, for planting purposes, of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or forest tree 

seed containing in excess of 2 percent of total weed seed. Carpetgrass, for seeding purposes, may 

contain up to 5 percent total weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

GEORGIA

22 

It is unlawful to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale any agricultural or vegetable seed for planting 

purposes in this State if the noxious weed seeds per pound of pure seed is in excess of the following 

limitations:

(a) Prohibited Noxious Weed Seed

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Cocklebur Xanthium spp.

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Morningglory, Giant or Moonflower Ipomoea alba

Nutsedge, purple (tuber) Cyperus rotundus

Nutsedge, yellow (tuber) Cyperus esculentus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

(b) Restricted Noxious Weed Seed

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Brunswickgrass Paspalum lepton 270 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus and/or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens 100 per pound

Mustard, wild and Turnips, 

wild

Brassica spp. (except for winter 

rape, Brassica napus var. biennis, 

and rape, Brassica rapa var. rapa)

27 per pound

Nightshade, Silverleaf or purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Nutsedge, Purple Cyperus rotundus 100 per pound

Nutsedge, Yellow Cyperus esculentus 100 per pound

Onion, wild; and/or Garlic, wild Allium spp. 27 per pound

Panicum, Texas or Texas Millet Urochloa texana 27 per pound

Pigweed Amaranthus spp. 270 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

GEORGIA - continued

23 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Elymus repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 27 per pound

Rice, red Oryza rufipogon 300 per pound

Sandbur, field Cenchrus spinifex 27 per pound

Sorghum almum Sorghum × almum 100 per pound

Sorrel, red or sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 200 per pound

Thistle, blessed Centaura benedicta 9 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

(c) Sum total of Restricted Noxious Weed Seed ................................................. 300 per pound 

(d) 7 C.F.R. 360 Noxious Weed Regulations is hereby incorporated by reference including 

all subsequent amendments and editions. All seed and vegetative propagules of weeds 

listed in 7 C.F.R. 360 including all subsequent amendments and editions are hereby 

prohibited to be intermixed or commingled with any seed covered under O.C.G.A. 2-11- 

22. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

HAWAII

24 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Acuate Lagascea mollis

Ardisia, shoebutton Ardisia elliptica

Barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Bitterbush Chromolaena odorata

Blackberry, prickly Florida Rubus argutus

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris

Box, Victorian Pittosporum undulatum

Broom, French Cytisus monspessulanus

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius

Broom, Spanish Spartium junceum

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum

Bur, New Zealand Acaena novae-zelandiae

Bur, paroquet Triumfetta rhomboidea

Bur, Sacramento Triumfetta semitriloba

Cactus, moon Eriocereus martinii

Cactus, spiny tree Cereus uruguayanus

Caesarweed Urena lobata

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata

Croftonweed Ageratina adenophora

Croftonweed, creeping Ageratina riparia

Curse, Koster's Clidemia hirta var. hirta

Daisy, tree Montanoa hibiscifolia

Elephant's foot Elephantopus mollis

Elephantopus Elephantopus mollis

Emex, spiny Emex spinosa

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Firetree Myrica faya

Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis

Fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum

Foxtail, West Indian Andropogon bicornis

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Gaura Gaura spp.

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis

Gorse Ulex europaeus

Gourd, ivy Coccinia grandis

Grevillea, Bank's Grevillea banksii

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hempweed, climbing Mikania scandens

Hoarycress Cardaria draba

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

HAWAII – continued

25 

Prohibited cont.

Common name Scientific name

Hyptis, comb Hyptis pectinata

Jointvetch, Indian Aeschynomene indica

Kahiliflower Grevillea banksii

Kat sola Aeschynomene indica

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Kudzu, tropical Pueraria phaseoloides

Locoweeds Astragalus spp. or Oxytropis spp.

Lyon's grass Themeda villosa

Malachra Malachra alceifolia

Marabu Dichrostachys nutans

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa

Melastoma Melastoma spp.

Miconia Miconia spp.

Mile-a-minute Mikania micrantha

Miscanthus Miscanthus floridulus

Mullein Verbascum thapsus

Myrtle, candleberry Myrica faya

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium or Solanum robustum

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata

Pamakani, Hamakua Ageratina riparia

Pamakani, Maui Ageratina adenophora

Passionfruit, winged-leaf Passiflora pulchella

Passionfruit, banana Passiflora mollissima

Pepper, spiked Piper aduncum

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Peruvian apple Cereus uruguayanus

Piripiri Acaena novae-zelandiae

Poka, banana Passiflora mollissima

Poppy, plume Bocconia frutescens

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Ragweeds Ambrosia spp.

Raspberry, hill Rubus niveus

Raspberry, Molucca Rubus sieboldii

Raspberry, yellow Himalayan Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus

Rosemyrtle, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Sensitiveplant, giant Mimosa invisa

Sensitiveplant, thorny Mimosa pigra

Siamweed Chromolaena odorata

Silvergrass, Japanese Miscanthus floridulus

Snakeroot, white Ageratina altissima

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spikenard, wild Hyptis suaveolens
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

HAWAII – continued

26 

Prohibited cont.

Common name Sciencetific name

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

St. John's-wort, common Hypericum perforatum

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Terongan Solanum torvum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali

Three-awns Aristida spp.

Tibouchina Tibouchina spp.

Torpedograss Panicum repens

Turkeyberry Solanum torvum

Tussock, nasella Stipa trichotoma

Wattle, Black Acacia mearnsii

Whitetop, hairy Cardaria pubescens

Witchweeds Striga spp.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bur, star Acanthospermum hispidum

Cockleburs Xanthium spp.

Crotalaria, showy Crotalaria spectabilis

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dodders Cuscuta spp.

Elephantopus Elephantopus spp. (except E. mollis)

Emex Emex australis

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Lettuce, blue Lactuca pulchella

Marigold, wild Tagetes minuta

Milkweeds Asclepias spp.

Needlegrasses Stipa spp.

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Rattlepod, longbeak Crotalaria longirostrata

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Spurge, toothed Euphorbia serrata

Thistle, curled or Thistle, musk 

or Thistle, plumeless

Carduus spp.

No person shall sell, offer, or expose for sale within the State, for planting purposes, agricultural 

or vegetable seed:

A. Consisting of or containing prohibited noxious-weed seed; or 

B. Consisting of or containing more than 32 seeds of restricted noxious-weed seed singly or 

collectively per pound. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

IDAHO

27 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia tomentosa

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba subsp. draba

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

 Lythrum, purple Lythrum salicaria

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Poison - Hemlock Conium maculatum

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens or Agropyron repens

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

St. Johnswort, common Hypericum perforatum

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Swainson pea Sphaerophysa salsula or Swainsona salsula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria genistifolia subsp. dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

White top or Cress, hoary Cardaria draba subsp. draba

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Idaho law prohibits sale of agricultural or vegetable seed containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

IDAHO - continued

28 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Lettuce, blue Lactuca pulchella

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Ragweed, perennial or Western Ambrosia psilostachya

Rye, medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. caput-medusae or

Elymus caput-medusae

Sumpweed, poverty Iva axillaris

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed per pound. 

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or deliver under contract 

any agricultural or vegetable seed containing restricted noxious-weed seeds singly or collectively in 

excess of:

A. Seven seeds in 50 grams of Agrostis species, Poa species, Rhodes grass, Bermudagrass, timothy, 

celery, and other agricultural or vegetable seed of similar size and weight, within this group; 

B. Seven seeds in each 50 grams of Dallisgrass, ryegrass, fescue species, foxtail millets, alfalfa,red 

clover, sweetclover, lespedeza, bromegrass, Brassica species, carrot, onion, and other 

agricultural or vegetable seeds of similar size and weight or mixtures within this group, or 

mixtures of this group with those in group A;

C. Seven seeds in 50 grams of alsike clover, white clover, and other agricultural or vegetable seeds 

of similar size and weight, or mixtures of this group with those in group A or group B;

D. Eight seeds in each 150 grams of Proso millet, Sudan grass, and seeds of similar size and weight, 

or mixtures of seeds within this group; 

E. Forty-five seeds in each pound for all wheatgrass species.

F. Four seeds in each 500 grams of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, field 

peas, and other seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or 

any mixtures within this group. 

G. One percent by weight of all weed seeds, inclusive restricted noxious-weed seeds, provided that 

3 percent of cheat, chess, or downy brome shall be allowed in grass seed in which these weeds 

are found. 

Note: All plants and plant parts in the generas of: Cytisus, Genista, Spartium, and Chamaecytisus 

additionally including “all” subtaxa of these plant genera are prohibited in Idaho. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

ILLINOIS

29 

Prohibited (Primary)

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Hoarycress Cardaria draba

Johnsongrass and Sorghum almum and 

any plant the seed of which cannot be 

distinguished from Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense and

Sorghum almum 

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted (Secondary)

Common name Scientific name

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Bullnettle Solanum carolinense

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dodders Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium vineale or

Allium canadense

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea or Brassica kaber or 

Brassica nigra 1/ 

Onion, wild or Garlic, wild Allium canadense or

Allium vineale

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Rape, bird Brassica campestris 1/

It shall be unlawful to sell, offer, or expose for sale for seeding purposes within the State of Illinois 

any agricultural seed or mixture of same: 

A. Containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds;

B. Containing restricted noxious-weed seeds either singly or collectively in greater numbers than 

the proportion of one to 1,000 agricultural seeds;

1/ All species of Brassica are regarded as noxious by the Illinois seed lab. The Federal Seed Act, 

by reason of the Illinois State law and regulations, regards only these named species of 

Brassica as noxious when occurring in agricultural seed shipped into Illinois.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

30

ILLINOIS- continued

C. Containing more than 1.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds in chaffy seeds and native grasses 

or 1 percent by weight of weed seed in all other agricultural seed.

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed, per pound in groups A, B, C, and D when present singly or collectively in excess of:

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound of Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, 

timothy, orchardgrass, fine-textured fescues, alsike and white clover, reed canarygrass, 

dallisgrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group;

B. Thirty-two seeds or bulblets per pound of ryegrass, meadow and tall fescues, foxtail millet, 

crownvetch, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome grass, crimson clover, 

flax, Agropyron spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within 

this group, or of this group with group A;

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound of proso, Sudangrass, and other agricultural seeds ofsimilar 

size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, or D;

D. Four seeds or bulblets per pound of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums (except 

Sudangrass), vetches and other agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greaterthan 

those within this group, or any mixtures within this group.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

31 

INDIANA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Johnsongrass and

Sorghum almum

Sorghum halepense

Onion, wild Allium Canadense

Quackgrass Agropyron repens, Elymus repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

It is unlawful for any person to distribute agricultural seed if the seed contains or consists of 

prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, Palmer; Waterhemp; and 

any pigweed, or Amaranthus seed. 

This restriction does not apply to 

Amaranthus species that are sold as 

vegetable seed, edible grains for 

human consumption, or 

seed for ornamental landscape plants.

Amaranthus spp.

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard Brassica arvensis

Nightshade, eastern black Solanum ptycanthum

Pennycress Thlaspi arvense

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre

Wintercress, bitter Barbarea vulgaris

It is unlawful for any person to distribute agricultural seeds if the seed consists of or contains 

restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of 0.25 percent, or if it contains more than 2.5 percent of all 

weed seeds. If less than 0.25 percent of such weed seeds by weight are present, the number per 

pound must be declared on the labeling. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

32 

IOWA

Prohibited (Primary)

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field or Morningglory, European Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary or Peppergrass, perennial Cardaria draba

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Palmer’s amaranth Amaranthus palmeri

Peppergrass, perennial or Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Iowa law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed if it contains any primary noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted (Secondary)

Common name Scientific name

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Butterprint or Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dock, curly or Dock, sour Rumex crispus

Dock, smooth Rumex altissimus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea, or Brassica nigra, or 

Sinapis arvensis

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Sorrel, red or Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella

Sunflower, wild Helianthus annuus, wild strain of

Velvetleaf or Butterprint Abutilon theophrasti

For agricultural seed the label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of 

secondary noxious-weed seed per pound in groups A, B, C, and D, when present singly or 

collectively in excess of:

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound of Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Bermudagrass, timothy, 

orchardgrass, fescues (except meadow fescue), alsike and white clover, reed canarygrass, and 

other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group; 

B. Forty-eight seeds or bulblets per pound of ryegrass, meadow fescue, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red 

clover, sweet clover, lespedeza, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron 

spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group, or of 

this group with group A;
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

IOWA - continued

33

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound of proso, sudangrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar 

size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, and D;

D. Five seeds or bulblets per pound of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghum (except 

sudangrass), vetches, soybeans and other agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or 

greater than those within this group.

For seed mixtures for lawn and turf purposes, the label shall show the name and rate of occurrence 

per pound of each kind of secondary noxious-weed seed present, and the percentage by weight of all 

weed seed. Maximum weed seed content is not to exceed 1 percent by weight.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

KANSAS

34 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Columbus grass Sorghum almum

Johnsongrass and any plant the seed of which 

cannot be distinguished from Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense

Texas blueweed Helianthus ciliaris

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium 18 per pound

Bluestem, Caucasian Bothriochloa bladhii 2 per pound

Bluestem, yellow Bothriochloa ischaemum 2 per pound

Buckwheat, wild Fallopia convolvulus 9 per pound

Carrot, wild Daucus carota 18 per pound

Charlock Sinapis arvensis 18 per pound

Cheat Bromus secalinus 45 per pound

Chess, hairy Bromus commutatus 45 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 9 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 18 per pound. 45 per

pound in lespedeza,

other than Sericea

lespedeza

(Lespedeza cuneata)

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 45 per pound

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 9 per pound

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense 45 per pound

Milkweed, climbing Cynanchum laeve 9 per pound

Morning glory Ipomoea spp. 18 per pound

Mustards, wild Brassica spp. 18 per pound

Nightshade complex, black Solanum americanum or Solanum 

interius or Solanum nigrum or 

Solanum ptycanthum or Solanum 

sarrachoides

9 per pound

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium 45 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 9 per pound

Onion, wild or garlic, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare 45 per pound

Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense 18 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 45 per pound

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis 45 per pound

Treacle Erysimum spp. 18 per pound

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 9 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

35

KANSAS – continued

The total number of restricted weed seed shall not exceed 150 per pound in native grasses, smooth 

bromegrass, tall fescue, wheatgrasses and lespedeza other than sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza

cuneata).

In smooth bromegrass, fescues, orchardgrass, wheatgrasses, and chaffy range grasses, hairy 

chess or cheat shall not exceed 2,500 per pound.

For all other agricultural seeds, the total number of restricted weed seeds present per pound of 

agricultural seed shall not exceed 90.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

36 

KENTUCKY

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Johnsongrass and Sorghum almum and perennial 

rhizomatous derivatives of these species

Sorghum halepense, 

Sorghum almum

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea turbinata

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua 256 per pound

Buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata 304 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 192 per pound

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 256 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 192 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 192 per pound

Garlic, wild and Onion, wild Allium spp. 96 per pound

Sorrel Rumex acetosella 256 per pound

Agricultural seed shall be labeled to show the name and number per pound of noxious-weed seeds, 

except that the sale of agricultural seed is prohibited if it contains in excess of the number per pound 

shown or a total of 480 noxious-weed seeds per pound. 

Kentucky law prohibits sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of all 

weed seeds. It requires that no tolerance shall be applied to Prohibited Noxious-Weed Seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

37 

LOUISIANA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Itchgrass or Raoulgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Nutsedge, purple Cyperus rotundus

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 300 per pound

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Cheat Bromus secalinus 300 per pound

Chess Bromus commutatus 300 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 5 per pound

Darnel or Ryegrass, poison Lolium temulentum 300 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 100 per pound

Garlic, wild and Onion, wild Allium spp. 9 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 100 per pound

Jointedvetch, Indian Aeschynomene indica 300 per pound

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens 100 per pound

Mexicanweed Caperonia castaneifolia 300 per pound

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea muricata 9 per pound

Morning-glory Ipomoea spp. 18 per pound

Mustard, wild and Turnip, wild Brassica sp. and Sinapis sp. 100 per pound

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium 100 per pound

Onion, wild and Garlic, wild Allium spp. 9 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 300 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 300 per pound

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia davidii 18 per pound

Quackgrass Elymus repens 100 per pound

Rice, red Oryza spp. 9 per pound

Sesbania, hemp Sesbania exaltata 300 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 100 per pound

Spearhead Rhynchospora spp. 5 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Turnip, wild and Mustard, wild Brassica sp. and Sinapis sp. 100 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

38

LOUISIANA - continued

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of the seeds or bulblets of 

noxious weeds that are present. Various common names and scientific names of species found in the 

noxious weed list have been changed and updated. Five species (i.e. Dock, Horsenettle, Sheep sorrel, 

Silverleaf nightshade, Wild mustard and Wild turnip) have had the limitation reduced from 300 per 

pound down to 100 per pound.

The Louisiana Seed Law prohibits the sale of seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds. 

There is no tolerance applied to prohibited noxious-weed seed findings. Of the remaining listed 

restricted noxious-weed seeds, the sum or total shall not exceed 500 per pound, subject to the 

limitations above limitations.

No agricultural or vegetable seed containing in excess of 1.0 percent of total weed seed shall be sold, 

offered for sale, or exposed for sale. No tolerance is applied to any purity finding of 1.0 percent or 

greater weed seed.

The table of minimum Germination Standards of Vegetable Seed sold in containers of one pound or 

less has been updated to reflect the current minimum germination standards found in the Federal 

Seed Act. The minimum germination standard of 50 percent will apply to any species not listed in 

this table.

The test date period requirement has been amended so that the term “inclusive” has been changed to 

“exclusive”. No seed shall be sold or offered for sale more than the nine months, exclusive of the 

month of testing, after the date on any germination label applicable to the seed or seed lot.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

39 

MAINE

Prohibited (Primary)

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Woundwort Stachys palustris

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale or expose for sale any agricultural or 

vegetable seed within this State containing primary noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted (Secondary)

Common name Scientific name

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The label for agricultural seed shall show the same name and approximate number of each kind of 

secondary noxious-weed seed present:

Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, 

alsike and white clover, reed canary grass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, 

sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron spp., and 

other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group; and 

Per pound in proso, sudangrass, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghum, vetches, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or any 

mixtures within this group. 

Maine law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed if noxious-weed seeds are present 

singly or collectively in excess of 500 per pound. 

Maine law prohibits the sale of "lawn grass seed" or "lawn seed mixture" containing in excess of 1.5 

percent by weight of weed seeds. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

40 

MARYLAND

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia

Sorghum species which includes Johnsongrass 

and hybrids that contain Johnsongrass as a 

parent, and any other kinds of grass that produce 

seed which cannot be distinguished readily from 

Johnsongrass seed

Sorghum spp., Sorghum halepense

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless which includes musk thistle 

and curly thistle

Carduus spp.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Maryland law prohibits the sale of agricultural, lawn and turf, vegetable, flower, tree, or shrub seed 

consisting of or containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds. A tolerance may not be allowed for 

prohibited seed. 

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed

In Agricultural, Vegetable, Flower, Tree 

and Shrub seed

Common name Scientific name

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass or Giant bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Onion, wild Allium canadense

The label shall show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seeds per ounce 

in group 1 and per pound in group 2, when present singly or collectively in any amounts whatsoever 

- provided, however, that the amount does not exceed 16 per ounce in group 1 and 16 per pound in 

group 2. 

Group 1: Agropyron spp., Agrostis spp., alfalfa, Bermudagrass, Brassica spp., orchardgrass, alsike 

and white clover, crimson clover, dallisgrass, fescues, flax, foxtail millet, lespedezas, Poa 

spp., red clover, reed canarygrass, rhodesgrass, ryegrass, sweetclover, smooth brome, 

timothy, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures within this 

group. 

Group 2: Barley, buckwheat, oats, proso, rye, sorghum, sudangrass, vetches, wheat, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or 

any mixtures within this group. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

41 

MARYLAND - continued 

The sale of any agricultural, vegetable, flower, and tree or shrub seed containing in excess of 2.5 

percent by weight of all weed seed is prohibited. 

Restricted Noxious-Weed Seed in Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures 

Except as provided below, seed of the following plants shall be restricted noxious-weed seed and 

shall be listed on the tag or label under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass 

Seed" by name and number per pound or ounce when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, 

chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of 

perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these grasses: 

Restricted Noxious-weed Seed

In Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrass, (Colonial, creeping, velvet) Agrostis spp. 1/

Bermudagrass, (common and giant) Cynodon dactylon

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis 1/

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis 1/

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea 1/

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea 1/

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 

If included on the tag or label, seed designated as noxious-weed seed in other States shall be 

listed under the heading "Noxious-Weed Seed" or "Undesirable Grass Seed."

The restricted noxious-weed seed set forth above may not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly 

labeled for:

A. Pasture;

B. Forage;

C. Hay;

D. Conservation; or 

E. Spoil bank reclamation usage.

Total weed seed, including lawn and turf restricted noxious-weed seed may not exceed 1 percent 

by weight. 

1/ May be included as a labeled component of a mixture when each is present in excess of 5 percent, 

by weight of the mixture.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

42 

MASSACHUSETTS

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Massachusetts’s law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild and wild onion Allium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustards, wild - limited 

to: India mustard, 

Charlock or wild mustard, 

and Black mustard

Brassica spp. - limited 

to: Brassica juncea 

Brassica arvensis, and 

Brassica nigra 

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

when present in agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed under the heading: Restricted 

Noxious-weed Seed or Noxious-weed Seed.

Massachusetts’s law prohibits the sale of any agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing in excess of 1 percent of all weed seeds. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

43 

MICHIGAN

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Dodder Cuscuta species

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Johnsongrass including sorghum almum and 

seed which cannot be readily distinguished 

from Johnsongrass

Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Morning glory Ipomoea species

Nutsedge, yellow (both seed and tubers) Cyperus esculentus

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Agropyron repens = Elytrigia repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Whitetop

= hoary cress

= perennial peppergrass 

Cardaria draba

The sale of primary noxious-weed seed, or the sale of agricultural seed containing primary noxiousweed seeds is unlawful. 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Charlock Sinapis arvensis

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Fanweed Thlaspi arvense

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

Mustard, black Brassica nigra

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Nightshade complex, including the following Solanum

species and any other species with indistinguishable seed: 

Nightshade, bitter 

Nightshade, black 

Nightshade, Eastern black 

Nightshade, silverleaf = purple nightshade 

Nightshade, hairy 

Solanum dulcamara

Solanum nigrum 

Solanum ptycanthum 

Solanum elaeagnifolium 

Solanum sarrachoides 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

44 

MICHIGAN - continued 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Labeling for agricultural, vegetable, flower, and herb seeds shall show the name and number per 

pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds present except that buckhorn and yellow rocket must be 

shown on the label only when in excess of 90 seeds per pound. 

Michigan law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, and herb seeds if restricted 

noxious-weed seeds are present in excess of one seed to 2,000 seeds of the seed being considered 

except that for buckhorn and yellow rocket the ratio shall be 1 to 1,000 seeds. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

45 

MINNESOTA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Hemp Cannabis sativa

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens

Palmer amaranth* Amaranthus palmeri

Peppergrass, perennial Lepidium draba

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Minnesota law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

*Genetic testing of any Amaranthus contaminant must be conducted to determine if Palmer 

amaranth is present.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Frenchweed Thlaspi arvense

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis

Nightshade, eastern black Solanum ptycanthum

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Agricultural seeds shall be labeled to show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seeds per pound. 

The sale of agricultural seed is prohibited if it contains restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of 25 

seeds per pound. 

Minnesota law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 1 percent by weight of 

all weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

46 

MISSISSIPPI

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp.

Hemp Cannabis sativa

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus or Cyperus rotundus

Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Allowed

per pound

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 2 1/

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp. 100

Cheat and Chess Bromus secalinus and

Bromus commutatus

144

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 1/

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100

Darnel Lolium temulentum 54

Dock and sorrel Rumex spp. 100

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 54

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54

Garlic, wild and Onion, wild Allium spp. 5 1/

Garlic, wild and Onion, wild Allium spp. when sold in mixed wheat 27 1/

Johnsongrass and sorghum 

almum and perennial 

rhizomatous derivatives of these

Sorghum halepense 54

Moonflower, purple Ipomoea turbinata 2 1/

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 9

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. when sold in a wildlife 

reseeding soybean or wildlife mixture

27

Mustards, wild and Turnips, 

wild

Brassica spp. 54

Plantain, bracted and 

Plantain, buckhorn

Plantago spp. 100

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 54

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 18

Rice, red Oryza spp. 1 1/

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia 5

Sorrel and dock Rumex spp. 100

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 27

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 54

Turnips, wild and Mustards, 

wild

Brassica spp. 54

1/ No tolerance applied by Mississippi
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MISSISSIPPI - continued

47

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of "restricted" noxious-weed 

seed.

Agricultural or vegetable seed that contain in excess of a total of 200 noxious-weed seed per pound 

(subject to above limitations) is prohibited from sale in Mississippi.

The sale of agricultural seed containing any "prohibited" noxious-weed seeds is unlawful.

Mississippi prohibits the sale of seed which contain more than 1 percent by weight of weed seed 

including noxious-weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MISSOURI

48 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale any agricultural or 

vegetable seed within this State containing prohibited weed seeds. 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Docks Rumex spp.

Dodders Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Hoary cress Cardaria draba

Moonflower, purple Calonyction muricatum

Nightshade, Eastern black Solanum ptycanthum

Oat, slender Avena barbata

Oats, wild Avena fatua

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Star thistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Russian Salsola pestifer

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale within this State any 

agricultural or vegetable seed containing: 

A. Noxious-weed seeds in excess of 0.5 percent; 

B. More than 2 percent by weight of weed seed except for smooth brome (bromegrass), 

orchardgrass, and fescue, which may not exceed 3 percent.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MISSOURI - continued

49 

The label for agricultural seeds shall show noxious-weed seed content as follows:

Noxious-weed seed contents in excess of that allowed by paragraphs A, B, C, and D must be named 

by their common name and the number per pound. 

A. Eighty seeds or bulblets per pound, or 18 per 100 grams, of Agrostis species, Poa species, 

Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues (except meadow and tall fescues), alsike and white 

clover, reed canarygrass, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures 

within this group; 

B. Forty-eight seeds or bulblets per pound, or 11 per 100 grams, of meadow and tall fescues, 

millets, alfalfa, red clover, ryegrasses, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, 

rape, Agropyron species, and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures 

within this group, or of this group with group A above; 

C. Sixteen seeds or bulblets per pound, or 4 per 100 grams, of vetches, sudangrass, and other 

agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures not specified in groups A, B, or D of 

this section;

D. Five seeds or bulblets per pound, or 1 per 100 grams, of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, 

sorghums (except sudangrass), soybeans, cowpeas, and other agricultural seeds of a size and 

weight similar to or greater than those within this group. 

If noxious-weed seeds are not present in excess of the number prescribed in paragraphs A, B, C, and 

D above, then there shall be shown on the label or tag under "noxious weeds" either the name and 

number of each kind of noxious-weed seeds present per pound, or per 100 grams, as may be the 

case, or the words "not in excess of ," and in the blank to be inserted the maximum 

number permitted in paragraphs A, B, C, or D.

Up to 144 seeds of giant foxtail per pound of lespedeza or 32 seeds of giant foxtail per 100 grams of 

lespedeza may be present, and the labeling "not in excess of ," and in the blank to be 

inserted the number allowed by paragraphs A, B, C, and D above for noxious-weed seeds other than 

giant foxtail.

The word "none," if shown on the label or tag under "noxious-weed," shall be construed as meaning 

that no noxious-weed seeds are present.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MONTANA

50 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Buttercup, tall Ranunculus acris

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed Echium vulgare

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius

Buckthorn, common Rhamnus cathartica

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Daisy, oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare

Hawkweed, meadow Hieracium caespitosum, H. praealturm, H. floridundum, 

Pilosella caespitosa)

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum, Pilosella aurantiaca

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Iris, yellowflag Iris pseudacorus

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens, Rhaponticum repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe or maculosa

Knotweed complex Polygonum cuspidatum, P. sachalinense, P.xbohemicum, 

Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, F. x bohemica, 

Reynoutria japonica, R. sachalinensis, and R.x bohemica)

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Pondweed, curlyleaf Potamogeton crispus

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobea, Jacobaea vulgaris

Reed, common Phragmites australis ssp. Australis

Rush, flowering Butomus umbellatus

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Saltcedar Tamarix spp.

Tansy, common Tanacetum vulgare

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Ventenata Ventenata dubia

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum, M. spicatum x M. sibiricum

Whitetop Cardaria draba, Lepidium draba

Woad, dyer’s Isatis tinctoria

Montana law prohibits the sale or transportation of agricultural, vegetable, or flower seeds 

containing "prohibited" noxious-weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

MONTANA - continued

51 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations Crop

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri 0 per pound

Darnel, Persian Lolium persicum 9 per pound of grass seed

Darnel, Persian Lolium persicum 0 per pound of all other 

seed

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 9 per pound

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 0 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua 45 per pound of grass seed

Oat, wild Avena fatua 5 per pound of all other 

seed

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 0 per pound

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis 0 per pound

Labeling for agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed must show the name and approximate number 

of restricted noxious-weed seeds per pound. 

Montana law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed containing: 

A. Restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the indicated limitation;

B. In excess of 2 percent by weight of weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEBRASKA

52 

Primary

Common name Scientific name

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica

Lespedeza, sericea Lespedeza cuneata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Reed, common or Phragmites Phragmites australis spp. australis

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed consisting of or containing primary noxiousweed seeds, with no tolerance allowed. 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia discolor 1/

Bursage, woollyleaf Ambrosia tomentosa 1/

Hoarycress Cardaria draba 1/

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Morning glory Ipomoea purpurea (field crops only) 1/

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed consisting of or containing prohibited noxiousweed seeds, subject to recognized tolerances.

The Nebraska lab reports all bur-sage (Ambrosia spp.) as noxious even though the Nebraska law is 

not that inclusive. 

1/ Nebraska law requires that in all sampling conducted by the laboratory, the official report shall 

include the seed of globe-podded hoary cress (Hymenophysa pubescens), lens-podded hoary cress 

(Lepidium draba var. repens), all bursage (Ambrosia species), and all morning glory (Ipomoea 

species when found in field crop seed) within the definition of prohibited noxious-weed seed and the 

classification shall be as prohibited noxious-weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEBRASKA - continued

53 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Charlock Brassica arvensis

Dock Rumex spp.

Dock, curled Rumex crispus

Dock, smoothleaf Rumex altissimus

Dock, winged Rumex venosus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, black Brassica nigra

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Pennycress Thlaspi arvense

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Rape, bird Brassica campestris

Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for Agrostis spp., bluegrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescue, alsike clover, white clover, reed 

canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, lespedeza, smooth brome, 

crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, wheatgrass, and other agricultural seed of similar size and 

weight or mixtures within such groups when present singly or collectively in excess of 18 per pound. 

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for all agricultural seed and mixtures thereof not shown in the preceding paragraph. 

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

for all vegetable seed and flower seed.

Agricultural, vegetable, or flower seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of weed seed is 

prohibited for sale except that bluestems, gramas, indiangrass, prairie sandreed and mixtures thereof 

shall not contain in excess of 4 percent weed seed. 

The term "dodder" (Cuscuta spp.) shall be interpreted as seed of all species of dodder, when found in 

agricultural seeds.

The term "wild mustard" (Brassica spp.) shall be interpreted as Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), 

Charlock (Brassica arvensis), black mustard (Brassica nigra), bird rape (Brassica campestris), and 

all other members of the Brassica genus when occurring incidentally in agricultural seeds. 

The term "dock" (Rumex spp.) shall be interpreted as curled dock (Rumex crispus), smoothleaf dock 

(Rumex altissimus), winged dock (Rumex venosus), red sorrel (Rumex acetosella), and seed of all other 

members of the dock (Rumex) species that may incidentally occur in agricultural seeds.

Nebraska law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing more than 0.5 percent by weight of 

restricted noxious-weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEVADA

54 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi

Chamomile, Mayweed Anthemis cotula

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Fountaingrass, green Pennisetum setaceum

Goat’s-rue Galega officinalis

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Hemlock, water Cicuta maculata

Henbane, black Hysocyamus niger

Horsenettle, Carolina Solanum carolinense

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Klamathweed Hypericum perforatum

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria, Lythrum virgatum and their cultivars

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Mustard, Sahara Brassica tournefortii

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Reed, giant Arundo donax

Rue, African Peganum harmala

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Saltcedar (Tamarisk) Tamarix spp.

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta

Skeletonweed, Rush Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum, perennial including, 

but not limited to, 

Johnsongrass, Sorghum almum, 

and perennial sweet sudangrass

Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEVADA - continued

55 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Water-milfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum

Whitetop or hoary cress Cardaria chalepensis or Cardaria draba or Cardaria 

pubescens 

Woad, Dyer’s Isatis tinctoria

Nevada law prohibits the sale of agricultural, flower, vegetable, or tree and shrub seeds consisting of 

or containing any of the above noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis or Digitaria ischaemum

Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Dodder, all species Cuscuta spp.

Mustard, wild (Charlock) Brassica kaber

Pennycress (Fanweed) Thlaspi arvense

Sandbur, field Cenchrus pauciflorus

Agricultural seed, including lawn or turf seed mixtures, shall be labeled to show the name and 

number per pound of each restricted noxious-weed seed present. Agricultural, flower, vegetable, or 

tree and shrub seed containing in excess of 27 per pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds, singly or 

collectively, is prohibited from sale.

Nevada has a limitation on the percent by weight of all weed seed that may be found in agricultural 

seed. The amount is 1.5 percent by weight in agricultural, vegetable, herb, flower, tree or shrub seed. 

Anyone shipping seed into Nevada should obtain a copy of the Nevada State law and regulations for 

guidance in labeling seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEW HAMPSHIRE

56 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, Serrated Nasella trichotoma

New Hampshire law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Nutsedge (Nutgrass) Cyperus esculentus

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, Ribwort Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

New Hampshire law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, flower, or tree and shrub seed 

containing in excess of 2.5 percent of all weed seed. 

If present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of 

named turf type tall fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, or mixtures containing these grasses, then 

the seeds of the following plants shall be restricted noxious weed seeds and shall be listed on the tag 

or label under the heading “Undesirable Grass Seeds” or “Restricted Noxious Weed Seeds” by name 

and number per pound. 

Undesirable Grass Seeds

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrass (creeping, colonial, velvet) Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacae

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEW HAMPSHIRE - continued

57

New Hampshire law prohibits the sale of lawn and turf grasses seed containing in excess of 0.50 

percent of Undesirable Grass Seeds.

The label of agricultural seed shall show the name and the rate of occurrence per pound of each kind 

of restricted noxious-weed seed.

The Undesirable Grass Seeds shall not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly labeled for pasture, 

forage, hay, conservation, or spoil bank reclamation usage.

Percentage by weight of each agricultural seed component in excess of 5 percent of the whole, and 

the percentage by weight of pure seed in order of its predominance and in columnar form.

Noxious weeds and undesirable grass seed that are required to be labeled will be listed under the 

heading “Noxious-weed Seeds” or “Undesirable Grass Seeds.”
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

NEW JERSEY

58 

Prohibited weed seed.

The prohibited noxious-weed seeds shall be the seeds of the following plants: 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

No prohibited noxious-weed seed shall be allowed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, shrub or 

lawn and turf seed. A seed lot containing prohibited noxious-weed seed shall be in violation of the 

New Jersey Seed Law.

Restricted weed seed in agricultural, vegetable, flower, or shrub seed 

The restricted noxious-weed seeds shall be the seeds of the following plants when occurring in 

agricultural, vegetable, flower, or shrub seed and mixtures of such seed: 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon

Bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus

Cheat Bromus secalinus

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Johnsongrass, perennial sweet 

sudangrass, sorghum almum, 

and hybrids derived therefrom

Sorghum spp. perennial

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Restricted noxious-weed seed present in a seed lot shall be listed on the label under the heading 

"Noxious-weed seed." The name and number of seed per pound or ounce shall be declared. No 

deviation from the labeled amount shall be allowed for a seed lot containing restricted noxious-weed 

seed. The terms "Free" and "None" shall mean that no noxious-weed seed was found in a test 

conducted using methods established by the Association of Official Seed Analysts. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

59 

NEW JERSEY - continued 

Restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures.

Seeds of the following plants shall be considered restricted noxious weeds and shall be listed on the 

tag or label under the heading "Undesirable grass seed" or "Noxious-weed seed" by name and 

number per pound or ounce when present in lawn grasses: 

Restricted Weed Seed

In Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixtures

Common name Scientific name

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp.

Annual bluegrass Poa annua

Rough bluegrass Poa trivialis

Bentgrass (including, but not limited to 

creeping, colonial, velvet, and redtop) 

Agrostis spp.

Meadow fescue Festuca pratensis

Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

The requirements for restricted weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not apply to the 

seeds of plants of rough bluegrass, bentgrass, meadow fescue, and tall fescue when present in 

amounts of 5 percent or more, by weight, of the mixture. 

The total amount of restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not 

exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 

The restricted noxious-weed seeds in lawn and turf seed and mixtures shall not apply to grasses or 

mixtures clearly labeled for pasture, forage, hay, conservation, or soil bank reclamation usage. 

The label for agricultural seed and mixtures thereof shall show the name and number per pound of 

each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed.

New Jersey law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, tree, shrub, or flower seed:

A. If it contains in excess of 1 percent by weight of all weed seed.

B. If it consists of or contains restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the number declared 

on the label attached to the seed container or associated with the seed.

C. If the seed or mixture of seed consists of or contains prohibited noxious-weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

60 

NEW MEXICO

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Nutgrass Cyperus esculentus or

Cyperus rotundus

Povertyweed Franseria discolor

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Whitetop Cardaria draba or

Cardaria pubescens

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 45 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 1 per pound

Horsenettle, white Solanum elaeagnifolium 90 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense and 

other perennial sorghums

45 per pound

Morningglory Ipomoea spp. 45 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua 90 per pound

The label shall show the name and number per pound of each restricted noxious-weed seed present. 

New Mexico law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed that consists of or contains: 

A. Prohibited noxious-weed seed;

B. Restricted noxious-weed seed in excess of the maximum amount shown above; 

C. In excess of 2.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

61 

NEW YORK

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua (in lawn seed) 1/

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

The label for agricultural seed or mixtures thereof shall show the name and number of seeds per 

pound of each kind of noxious-weed seed present.

The commissioner or his authorized agents may remove from further sale or prohibit from sale: 

- Wheat, oat, rye, barley, and other seeds of similar size or larger containing noxious-weed seeds at 

a rate of 10 or more per pound. 

- Seeds of grasses, small seeded legumes, and all other seeds smaller in size than wheat containing 

noxious-weed seeds at a rate of 100 or more per pound. 

New York law prohibits the sale of any seed for planting purposes containing more than 1 percent by 

weight of all weed seeds, except that Japanese and Hungarian millet, smooth brome, Colonial 

bentgrass, redtop and Kentucky bluegrass seed may not contain in excess of 2 percent weed seed. 

1/ Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds are considered noxious-weed seeds when present in 

lawn seeds, unless listed as a kind of seed and the percentages of pure seed and germination are 

given. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

62 

NORTH CAROLINA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Crotalaria, showy Crotalaria spectabilis

Crotalaria, smooth Crotalaria pallida

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Witchweed Striga asiatica

North Carolina law prohibits the sale of any agricultural or vegetable seed containing any prohibited 

noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

(Seeds per pound)

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata 4

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 27

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis 27

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium 27

Cockle, corn Agrostemma githago 10

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 4

Cornflower Centaurea cyanus 27

Dock, broadleaf Rumex obtusifolius 54

Dock, curly Rumex crispus 54

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 54

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54

Garlic, wild Allium spp. – small grains or larger seeds 4 bulblets

Garlic, wild Allium spp. - grasses and small seeded legumes: 27 bulblets

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 54

Morning-glory Ipomoea spp. 8

Mustard, wild (et al.) Brassica spp. 54

Nutsedge, yellow Cyperus esculentus 27 (or 2 tubers)

Nutsedge, purple Cyperus rotundus 27 (or 2 tubers)

Onion, wild Allium spp. – small grains or larger seeds 4 bulblets

Onion, wild Allium spp. - grasses and small seeded legumes: 27 bulblets

Panicum, Texas Panicum texanum 27

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 54

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 54

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 54

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 12

Sandbur Cenchrus spp. 4

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 4

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 4

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 27

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 4
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

63

NORTH CAROLINA - continued

When restricted noxious-weed seeds are present in agricultural seed, the name of the weed seed 

and the number per pound shall be stated on the seed tag or label.

North Carolina law prohibits the sale of any agricultural seed containing in excess of:

A. 144 noxious-weed seeds per pound, occurring singly or in any combination;

B. 1 percent by weight of weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

64 

NORTH DAKOTA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri – zero tolerance is applied

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary Lepidium chalepense

Dalmatian toadflax Linaria genistifolia spp. dalmatica

Diffuse Knapweed Centaurea diffusa Lam

Houndstoung Cynoglossum officinale L.

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe L. subsp. micranthos

Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L Lythrum virgatum and all 

other cultivars

Saltcedar Tamarisk spp.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Yellow Centaurea solstitialis - zero tolerance is applied

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Wormwood, absinthe Artemisia absinthium

Tellow toadflax Linaria vulgaris

The sale of seed that contains any of the prohibited noxious-weed seeds is unlawful. 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Dodder Cuscuta spp., except coryli

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Quackgrass Elymus repens subsp. repens

The label for agricultural or vegetable seeds shall show the name of each restricted weed seed 

present and its rate of occurrence per pound [453.59grams] if: 

A. In seeds of grasses and small seeded legumes, the rate of occurrence exceeds thirteen seeds 

per pound [453.59 grams]; or 

B. In any other agricultural seeds, the rate of occurrence exceeds five seeds per pound [453.59 

grams]

A person may not offer for sale or sell any seed that: 

1. Contains restricted weed seeds in excess of twenty-five seeds per pound [453.59 grams]

2. Contains weed seeds in excess of one percent by weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

65 

OHIO 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Ballcress or Whitetop, hairy Lepidium appelianum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium = Convolvulus sepium

Columbus grass Sorghum × almum

Hoarycress, heart-podded Lepidium draba sub. draba

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens = Centaurea picris

Kochia Bassia scoparia

Kochia, forage Bassia prostrata

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens = Agropyron repens

Shatter cane Sorghum bicolor

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Ohio law prohibits the sale of any agricultural, flower, or vegetable seed containing prohibited 

noxious-weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Daisy, Oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare

Dock, curly Rumex crispus

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

French weed Thlaspi arvense

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica arvensis or

Brassica kaber = Sinapsis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Poison-Hemlock Conium maculatum

Ohio law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing more than 0.25 percent by weight of 

restricted noxious-weed seeds or bulblets, or more than 2.5 percent of all weed seeds. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OHIO - continued

66

The label for agricultural seed shall show the name and number of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seed or bulblet per ounce in groups A and B, and per pound in group C when present in excess 

of:

A. One seed or bulblet in each 10 grams of timothy, redtop, tall meadow oatgrass, orchardgrass, 

crested dogtail, Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, fescues, smooth brome, perennial and 

Italian ryegrass, western ryegrass, crimson clover, red clover, white clover, alsike clover, 

sweetclover, alfalfa, and all other grasses and clovers not otherwise classified;

B. One seed or bulblet in each 50 grams of millet, rape, flax, sudangrass, and other seed not 

specified in groups A or C;

C. One seed or bulblet in each 200 grams of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, vetches, and 

other seed as large or larger than wheat.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OKLAHOMA

67 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Oat, wild Avena fatua, Avena sterilis, and other wild 

noncultivated Avena spp. (in wheat only).

Poppy, red horned Glaucium corniculatum

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Whitetop or Hoary cress Cardaria draba

Yerba De Tajo Eclipta alba

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 9 per pound

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium 27 per pound

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris 45 per pound

Buckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulus 18 per pound

Cheat or chess Bromus secalinus 200 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 3 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 45 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 90 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 90 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 90 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 54 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica 5 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 90 per pound

Johnsongrass (Except Johnsongrass 

will be permitted in Yellow 

bluestem, Caucasian bluestem, and 

chaffy grasses not to exceed 300 

per pound)

Sorghum halepense 45 per pound

Lespedeza, Sericea Lespedeza cuneata 9 per pound

Moonflower or Morningglory, giant Calonyction muricatum 5 per pound

Morningglory, wild Ipomoea purpurea 27 per pound

Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 45 per pound

Nightshade, purple Solanum elaeagnifolium 90 per pound

Oat, wild Avena fatua, Avena sterilis, and 

other wild noncultivated Avena 

spp. (Except in Wheat).

9 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OKLAHOMA - continued

68 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Onion, wild or Garlic, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 45 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 90 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 45 per pound

Sorrel, sheep or Sorrel, red Rumex acetosella 90 per pound

Sum total noxious weeds (subject to above limitations) shall not exceed 200 per pound (except in 

Yellow bluestem, Caucasian bluestem, and chaffy grasses. The sum total noxious weeds shall not 

exceed 500 per pound). 

The name and number of noxious-weed seeds per pound must be shown on the label when 

present in any amount, subject to the limitations above. 

Oklahoma law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent weed 

seeds, except for certain grasses and special seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OREGON

69 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed or Morningglory, wild Convolvulus arvensis

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum

Creeper, bearded Crupina vulgaris

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarerose Centaurea virgata

Morningglory, wild or Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea

Skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Whitetop Cardaria draba var. or

Cardaria pubescens

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

Oregon law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seeds containing any prohibited noxious-weed 

seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

OREGON - continued

70 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bedstraw Galium tricorne 45 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 9 per pound

Goatweed or St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum 180 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 5 per pound

Medusahead, rye Elymus caput-medusae 45 per pound

Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia 18 per pound

St. Johnswort or Goatweed Hypericum perforatum 180 per pound

The label for agricultural and vegetable seed shall show the name and number per pound of each 

kind of restricted noxious-weed seed.

Oregon law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seeds containing restricted noxiousweed seeds in excess of the amounts indicated. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

PENNSYLVANIA

71 

Prohibited in all seeds

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium

Goatsrue Galega officinalis

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

Johnsongrass and seeds 

indistinguishable from johnsongrass 

seeds

Sorghum halepense

Kudzu-vine Pueraria lobata

Loosestrife and cultivars, purple Lythrum salicaria

Marijuana Cannabis sativa

Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Rose, multiflora Rosa multiflora

Shattercane Sorghum bicolor

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Pennsylvania law prohibits the sale of seed containing any of the above weed seeds. 

Restricted in agricultural seeds

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale 1/

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica juncea or Brassica nigra or 

Brassica kaber

Onion, wild Allium canadense 1/

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

The label for seeds shall show the name and number per pound of each kind of restricted noxiousweed seed or bulblet present in groups A and B below. 

It is unlawful to sell or offer for sale agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed which contains 

noxious-weed seeds in excess of one seed or bulblet, singly or collectively, in each 5 grams 

(approximately 90 seeds per pound) of group A and in each 100 grams (approximately 5 seeds per 

pound) in group B except in the case of buckhorn plantain where not more than 5 seeds shall be 

allowed in 5 grams (approximately 450 seeds per pound) of group A and 5 seeds in 100 grams 

(approximately 25 seeds per pound) of group B. 

1/ Seed wheat is not permitted to contain bulblets of wild garlic or wild onion - equivalent to 

zero bulblets per pound. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

72 

PENNSYLVANIA - continued 

A. Agrostis spp., Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, alsike and white clover, reed 

canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, lespedezas, smooth 

brome, tall oatgrass, crimson clover, Brassica spp., flax, Agropyron spp., and other seeds of 

similar size and weight, or mixtures within this group. 

B. Wheat, sudangrass, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and other seeds of a size 

and weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or any mixtures within this 

group. 

Pennsylvania law prohibits the sale of agricultural, vegetable, tree, shrub, or flower seed containing 

in excess of 1 percent by weight of all weed seeds. 

Restricted noxious-weed seeds must be listed on the label under the heading "Noxious-weed Seeds."

Restricted (Undesirable Grass 

Seeds) in lawn and turf seeds

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrass (creeping, colonial, velvet) Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Undesirable grass seeds shall be listed on the label under the heading "Undesirable Grass Seeds" 

by name and number per pound when present in bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Chewings 

fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties of named turf type tall fescue, varieties of perennial 

ryegrass, or mixtures containing these grasses. 

This restriction shall not apply to grasses or mixtures clearly labeled for pasture, forage, hay, 

conservation or spoil bank reclamation usages, or when the seeds are present in excess of 5 

percent of the whole and the label contains the information required of lawn or turf grasses and 

mixtures.

Undesirable grass seeds shall not exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

73 

RHODE ISLAND

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Nutgrass Cyperus spp.

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Garlic, wild Allium vineale

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium canadense

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

The sale of agricultural, vegetable or lawn seed containing any prohibited noxious weed seeds 

is prohibited. 

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed:

A. Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., timothy, orchardgrass, fescues, alsike and white 

clover, reed canarygrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, 

lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, and other agricultural seeds of s size and 

weight similar to or greater than those within this group, or any mixtures within this 

group; and

B. Per pound in sudangrass, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and other 

agricultural seeds of a size and weight similar to or greater than those in this group, or any 

mixtures within this group. 

RI General Law 2-6-3 for labeling requires that containers of seed mixtures for lawn and/or turf 

purposes, and of agricultural seeds, must state the percentage by weight of all weed seeds, and the 

name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious weed seed present. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

74 

SOUTH CAROLINA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Itchgrass Rottboellia exaltata

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Witchweed Striga asiatica

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 200 per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 200 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

200 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 1 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 200 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 200 per pound

Docks Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodders Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 10 per pound

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris 100 per pound

Moonflower, purple Calonyction muricatum 9 per pound

Mustard, wild or turnips, wild Brassica spp. 50 per pound

Nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium 200 per pound

Oats, wild Avena fatua 50 per pound

Onion, wild Allium spp. 18 per pound

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata 200 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum 50 per pound

Rice, red Oryza sativa var. 200 per pound

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus 1 per pound

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum 10 per pound

Sorgrass Sorghum spp. 10 per pound

Sorrel, sheep Rumex acetosella 100 per pound

Sudangrass, and sorghum 

perennial sweet-type

Sorghum spp. 10 per pound

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus 27 per pound

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Turnips, wild or Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 50 per pound
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

75

SOUTH CAROLINA - continued

The label shall show the name and number per ounce or per pound of all noxious-weed seeds present 

in agricultural seed.

The single limitation listed above is the maximum number allowable for that weed seed, with not 

over 200 total noxious-weed seeds singly or collectively in any combination.

Agricultural seeds will be prohibited from sale when such seeds contain more than 2 percent by 

weight of all weed seed.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

76 

SOUTH DAKOTA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula and 

Euphorbia pseudovirgata

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvensis

Seed may not contain prohibited noxious-weed seed in any amount. 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Mustard, wild Brassica kaber or Brassica juncea or 

Brassica nigra 

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Each label of agricultural seed shall show the name and rate of occurrence of each kind of restricted 

noxious-weed seed present. Restricted noxious weed seeds shall not exceed a cumulative total of 

20 per pound. 

Agricultural and vegetable seed containing in excess of 1 percent by weight of weed seed is 

prohibited from sale, except that the following grasses or mixtures thereof shall not contain more 

than 3 percent: bluestems, indiangrass, gramas, and prairie sandreed grasses. 

South Dakota prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed containing or consisting of 

prohibited noxious-weed seeds.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

77 

TENNESSEE 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis

Itchgrass Rottboellia exaltata

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Nutgrass Cyperus rotundus or

Cyperus esculentus

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia

Sorghum almum Sorghum almum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Bluegrass, annual (Lawn and turf seed only) Poa annua 300 per pound

Cheat or Chess Bromus secalinus or

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. 2 per pound

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 100 per pound

Darnel Lolium temulentum 100 per pound

Dock Rumex spp. 100 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Garlic, wild or Onion, wild Allium spp. 27 per pound

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 200 per pound

Mustard, wild or Turnips, wild Brassica spp. 27 per pound

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 200 per pound

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 100 per pound

Thistles, plumeless: includes Musk Thistle, 

Nodding Thistle, and Curled Thistle

Carduus spp. 100 per pound

Turnips, wild or Mustard, wild Brassica spp. 27 per pound

The label shall show the name and rate of occurrence of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed 

present.

Tennessee law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing in excess of 2 percent by weight of 

total weed seed.

Annual Bluegrass shall be claimed on the label if present in lawn and turf seed such as, bentgrass, 

Kentucky bluegrass, chewings fescue, red fescue, hard fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, 

varieties of turf type tall fescue, and/or mixtures containing these grasses. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

TENNESSEE - continued

78

Tennessee law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed that contain in excess of a sum total of 300 

restricted noxious-weed seed per pound (subject to above limitations).

Exceptions:

A. Crimson clover may contain 100 Brassica spp. seed per pound

B. ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue may contain a sum total of 500 restricted noxious-weed seed per 

pound. However, maximum limitations for each kind remain the same.

C. Black soybeans used for hay purposes may contain two sicklepod per pound.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

TEXAS

79 

Prohibited

Common Name Scientific Name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Castorbean Ricinus communis

Cocklebur Xanthium spp.

Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium

Itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis

Purple nutsedge and / or yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus

Nutsedge tuber Cyperus spp.

Serrated tussock Nassella trichotoma

Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum

Restricted

Common Name Scientific Name Limitations

Annual bluegrass Poa annua 1/name and number

Bermudagrass Cynodon spp. name and number

Blessed milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) 20 per pound

Blessed thistle Centaurea benedicta 100 per pound

Blueweed Helianthus ciliaris 100 per pound

Bracted plantain and / or 

buckhorn plantain

Plantago aristate

Plantago lanceolata

300 per pound

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense 100 per pound

Cheat and / or Hairy Chess Bromus secalinus

Bromus commutatus

300 per pound

Common giant mustard Rapistrum rugosum 300 per pound 

Corncockle Agrostemma githago 300 per pound

Darnel and/or Persian ryegrass Lolium temulentum 

Lolium persicum 

300 per pound

Dock and / or Sorrel Rumex spp. 300 per pound

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 100 per pound

Giant foxtail Setaria faberi 100 per pound

Goatgrass Aegilops spp. 20 per pound

Horsenettle and / or 

purple nightshade

Solanum carolinense 

Solanum elaeagnifolum

300 per pound

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense name and number

Morningglory Ipomea spp. name and number

Passionflower or maypop Passiflora incarnata name and number

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris 300 per pound

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens 100 per pound

1/ Annual bluegrass seeds are considered noxious-weed seed when present in lawn and turf seed 

such as perennial ryegrass, turf type tall fescue, chewings fescue, rough bluegrass, turf type 

annual ryegrass, and/or a mixture containing these grasses. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

TEXAS - continued

80 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Rice, Red Oryza spp. 1 per pound

Russian knapweed Centaurea repens 100 per pound

Wild carrot Daucus carota 300 per pound

Wild mustards and / or 

wild turnips

Brassica spp. and 

Sinapsis spp.

300 per pound

Wild oat Avena fatua 300 per pound

Wild Onion and / or

Wild garlic

Allium spp. 100 per pound

Wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum 100 per pound

The label for agricultural seed, regardless of size of container, and vegetable seed in containers of 

one pound or more shall show the rate per pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds.

If bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) or giant bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) occurs in excess of 5 

percent of the whole by weight, its presence therein must be indicated as an agricultural seed on the 

labeling of such seed. When either bermudagrass or giant bermudagrass is considered an agricultural 

seed, the seed of the other kind, if present shall also be classified as an agricultural seed and must 

meet the requirements for labeling of agricultural seed.

Johnsongrass includes sorghum almum (Sorghum almum) and all seeds indistinguishable from 

Johnsongrass. If Johnsongrass occurs in excess of 5 percent of the whole by weight, its presence 

therein must be indicated as an agricultural seed on the labeling of such seed. 

Texas law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds or 

tubers. 

Texas law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any combination of restricted noxiousweed seeds in any combination in excess of 500 per pound except that annual bluegrass, 

bermudagrass, giant bermudagrass, Johnsongrass, and morningglory are exempt from the total count.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

UTAH

81 

(1) It is unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to sell, offer, or expose for sale, or distribute in Utah 

any agricultural, vegetable, flower, tree, and shrub seeds, or seeds for sprouting for seeding purposes 

that:

(a) Contain, either in part or in whole, any prohibited noxious weed seeds: 

(i) Prohibited noxious weed seeds are the seeds of any plant determined by the department to be 

injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property and that are especially 

troublesome and difficult to control and 

(ii) Utah prohibited noxious weed seeds are indicated below: 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bermudagrass* Cynodon dactylon*

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago

Bindweed or Morning-glory, Wild Convolvulus spp.

Blueweed or Bugloss, vipers Echium vulgare

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius

Bugloss, small Anchusa arvensis

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Daisy, ox-eye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica

Goatsrue Galega officinalis

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Hoary cress, globe-podded Lepidium draba (Cardaria draba)

Hoary cress, heart-podded Lepidium chalepense (Cardaria chalepensis)

Hoary cress, lens-podded Lepidium appelianum (Cardaria pubescens)

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa

Knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Millet, spring Milium vernale

Mustard, African Brassica tournefortii

Mustard, elongated Brassica elongata

Mustard, garlic Alliaria petiolata

Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia

Pepperweed, perennial or Whitetop, tall Lepidium latifolium

Phragmities or reed, common Phragmites australis ssp.

Puncturevine or Goathead Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elymus repens

_________________________ 

*Except for Washington County
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

82 

UTAH - continued 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Reed, giant Arundo donax

Rocket, dames Hesperis matronalis

Rue, African Peganum harmala

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis

Saltcedar or tamarisk Tamarix ramosissima

Skeleton weed, rush Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum spp., perennial including 

Johnsongrass and Sorghum almum 

Sorghum spp.

Sorghum halepense 

Sorghum almum

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, Scotch or Thistle, cotton Onopordum acanthium

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaria

Ventenata or North African grass Ventenata dubia

Vipergrass, cutleaf Scorzonera laciniata

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

(b) Contain restricted noxious weed seeds in more than allowable amount; 

(i) Restricted weed seeds listed in the table below shall be allowed in crop seed; and 

(ii) Shall not exceed a maximum of 27 seeds per pound, either as a single species or in combination 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Povertyweed Iva axillaris
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

83 

(2) Maximum percentage of weed seeds by weight. 

The maximum percentage of weed seeds by weight is either as a single species or in combination 

grass seeds.

Weed Seeds by Weight Maximum percent

Cheat (Bromus secalinus) 2%

Chess (Bromus brizaformis) 2%

Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) 2%

Red brome (Bromus rubens) 2%

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) 2%

(3) For any weed seed not listed in any table above in grass, flower, or tree and shrub seeds, the 

maximum percentage by weight allowed is 1%. For other kinds or types of weed seeds, the 

maximum weight is 0.50% 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

84 

VERMONT

Prohibited noxious-weed seeds 

include, but are not limited to:

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp.

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Vermont law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed that (1) consists or contains 

prohibited noxious-weed seeds, subject to recognized tolerances, (2) consists of or contains restricted 

noxious-weed seeds per pound in excess of the number prescribed by these rules or in excess of the 

number declared or in excess of the maximum percentage allowed (0.5 percent) for Undesirable 

Grass Seeds on the label attached to the container of the seed or associated seed, or (3) contains 

more than 2.5 percent by weight of all weed seeds.

Restricted noxious-weed seeds 

include, but are not limited to:

Common name Scientific name

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Mustard, wild Brassica spp.

Onion, wild Allium spp.

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

For agricultural seeds, the label shall contain (1) the percentage by weight of all weed seeds; and (2) 

the name and rate of occurrence per pound of each kind of restricted noxious-weed seed present.

For cool season lawn and turf grasses including Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, chewings fescue, 

hard fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, annual ryegrass, colonial 

bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, and mixtures thereof, (1) the label shall contain the percentage by 

weight of all weed seeds and (2) Noxious weeds and Undesirable Grass Seeds that are required to be 

labeled will be listed under the heading “Noxious Weed Seeds” or “Undesirable Grass Seeds.” 

Undesirable Grass Seeds may not exceed 0.5 percent by weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

85 

VIRGINIA

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Johnsongrass, Sorgrass, Sorghum × 

almum and Sorghum hybrids derived 

therefrom

Sorghum spp. perennial

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Thistle, plumeless, musk, and curled Carduus spp.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Virginia law prohibits the sale of:

Agricultural or vegetable seed consisting of or containing any prohibited noxious-weed seeds.

Korean lespedeza, orchardgrass (hulled), tall oatgrass, or redtop if it contains more than 1.5 percent 

Any other agricultural or vegetable seed if it contains more than 1 percent by weight of weed seeds.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name Limitations Crop

Dodder Cuscuta spp. 4 per ounce or 64 per pound

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi 4 per ounce or 64 per pound

Garlic, wild and 

Onion, wild - bulblets

Allium spp. 5 per ounce or 80 per pound in orchardgrass

Garlic, wild and 

Onion, wild - bulblets

Allium spp. 2 per ounce or 32 per pound in other kinds.

Mustard, wild Brassica spp. and

Sinapis arvensis

5 per ounce or 80 per pound

Radish Raphanus spp. 1 per ounce or 16 per pound

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis and Brassica spp.) includes all species when occurring incidentally 

in agricultural seed, provided that species listed in regulations of the Virginia seed law may be sold 

as such, when labeled as required.

Virginia law prohibits the sale of agricultural and/or vegetable seed if the number per ounce or per 

pound of restricted noxious-weed seeds exceeds the limitation allowed for each.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

VIRGINIA - continued

86 

Restricted - Lawn and turf seed only

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrasses (colonial, creeping, velvet) Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass and 

Bermudagrass, giant

Cynodon spp.

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

Restricted lawn and turf seed shall be labeled as "Noxious-weed seed" or "Undesirable grass 

seed," with the label showing the rate of occurrence per pound when present in bentgrasses, 

Kentucky bluegrass, chewings fescue, red fescue, hard fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, 

varieties of named turf type tall fescue, and/or mixture containing these grasses. 

Bentgrasses (creeping, colonial, velvet), bermudagrass, giant bermudagrass, rough bluegrass, 

meadow fescue, tall fescue and redtop may be included as a labeled component of a mixture 

when in excess of 5 percent of the whole. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

WASHINGTON

87 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium

Bladder campion Silene vulgaris (Only in timothy - Phleum pratense)

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Cockle, white Silene alba (Only in timothy - Phleum pratense)

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca

Goatgrass, jointed /Jointed goatgrass 

hybrid

Aegilops cylindrica

Hoary cress Lepidium draba

Knapweed complex including:

Knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea × nigra

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe

Knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens

Lepyrodiclis Lepyrodiclis holosteoides

Nightshade, Silver-leaf Solanum elaeagnifolium

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Ragwort, tansy Jacobaea vulgaris

Skeletonweed, yellow-flowering Chondrilla juncea

Sorghum, perennial; such as, but not 

limited to, Johnsongrass, sorghum 

almum and perennial sweet sudangrass

Sorghum spp.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Whitetop, hairy Lepidium appelianum

Washington law prohibits the distribution of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed containing 

prohibited seed. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

WASHINGTON - continued

88 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bedstraw Galium spp. (in alfalfa only)

Blackgrass or foxtail, Slender Alopecurus myosuroides

Clustered Barilla Salt or Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Docks or Sorrels Rumex spp.

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Fanweed or Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense

Foxtail, slender or Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides

Gromwell (only in small grain) Buglossoides arvensis

Halogeton or Clustered Barilla Salt Halogeton glomeratus

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. caput-medusae

Mustard, Black Brassica nigra

Mustard, brown Brassica juncea (in rape seed & canola only)

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Pennycress, field or Fanweed Thlaspi arvense

Plantains Plantago spp.

Poverty weed Iva axillaris

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Ragweed, western Ambrosia psilostachya

Radish, Wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sorrels or Docks Rumex spp.

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria

The label shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of restricted noxious-weed 

seed per pound. 

It shall be unlawful for any person to distribute mislabeled seed. Seed shall be deemed to be 

mislabeled if it consists of or contains any of the restricted noxious-weed seeds in excess of the 

number declared on the label.

Washington law prohibits the distribution of agricultural, vegetable, and flower seed if it 

contains a weed seed content in excess of 2 percent.

Washington has issued a "State Weed List and a list of Plants and Seeds Whose Sales are 

Prohibited in Washington State." It is available on the internet site www.nwcb.wa.gov. You may 

obtain this list from Washington State Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 42560, Olympia, 

WA 98504-2560. For more information, call (360) 902-1800. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

WEST VIRGINIA

89 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Thistle, Canada Carduus arvensis

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotoma

West Virginia law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing any prohibited noxious-weed 

seed.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Carrot, wild Daucus carota

Charlock, English Brassica arvensis

Corncockle Agrostemma githago

Daisy, oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Hawkweed Hieracium spp.

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense

Morningglory, wild Ipomoea purpurea

Mustard, Indian Brassica juncea

Mustard, wild Brassica arvensis

Onion, wild Allium vineale

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre

Star thistle Centaurea solstitialis

The label for agricultural seeds shall show the name and approximate number of each kind of 

noxious-weed seed:

A. Per ounce in Agrostis spp., Poa spp., Rhodesgrass, Bermudagrass, timothy, orchardgrass, 

fescues, alsike and white clovers, reed canarygrass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, foxtail millet, 

alfalfa, red clover, sweetclovers, lespedezas, smooth brome, crimson clover, Brassica spp., 

flax, Agropyron spp., and other agricultural seeds of similar size and weight, or mixtures 

within this group; and

B. Per pound in proso, sudangrass, wheat, oat, rye, barley, buckwheat, sorghums, vetches, and 

other agricultural seeds of a size and weight to or greater than those within this group, or any 

mixtures within this group. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

90 

WEST VIRGINIA - continued 

Restricted noxious-weed seed in lawn and turf seed and mixtures 

When present in bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Chewings fescue, hard fescue, red fescue, varieties 

of named turf-type tall fescue, varieties of perennial ryegrass, or a mixture containing any of these 

grasses, seed of the following plants are restricted noxious-weed seed and shall be listed on the tab 

or label by name and number per pound or ounce under the heading "Noxious-weed seed" or 

"Undesirable Grass Seed:"

Restricted Noxious-weed Seed

In Lawn and Turf Seed and Mixture

Common name Scientific name

Bentgrass - colonial, creeping, velvet Agrostis spp.

Bermudagrass or 

Bermudagrass, giant

Cynodon dactylon

Annual bluegrass Poa annua

Rough bluegrass Poa trivialis

Meadow fescue Festuca pratensis

Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata

Redtop Agrostis gigantea

Timothy Phleum pratense

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus

West Virginia law prohibits the distribution or transport for sale of: 

1. Agricultural seeds containing weed seed in excess of 2.5 percent by weight, and

2. Grass seed mixtures intended for lawn or turf purposes containing: 

a. Restricted noxious-weed seed in excess of 0.5 percent by weight, and

b. Weed seed in excess of 0.5 percent by weight. 
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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WISCONSIN

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Amaranth, palmer Amaranthus palmeri

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Cupgrass, woolly Eriochloa villosa

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa

Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata

Mile-a-minute weed Polygonum perfoliatum

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense

Waterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatus

Wisconsin law prohibits the sale of agricultural seed containing prohibited noxious-weed seed.

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata

Cockle, white Silene alba

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua

Quackgrass Agropyron repens

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti

Special note: In addition to the Prohibited and Restricted Noxious-weed Seed List, Wisconsin also 

has an Invasive Plant Species rule, NR40, that regulates certain plant species deemed invasive, and 

all propagules thereof. WI will remove any seeds offered for sale that contain any species on the 

NR40 list. One species from that list being often found is “Woodland forget-me-not” (Myosotis 

sylvatica) or (M. sylvaticum) Laboratories are encouraged to report these species under the 

Remarks, if any is present. For more information and about NR40, please see 

https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Invasives/speciesNR40list.asp?filterBy=Category&filterVal=Plants&a

ddFilter=Classification
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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WYOMING 

Prohibited

Common name Scientific name

Bindweed, field Convolvulus arvensis

Blueweed Echium vulgare

Burdock, common Arctium minus

Bursage, skeletonleaf Ambrosia tomentosa

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum

Campion, bladder Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

Crupina, common Crupina vulgaris

Daisy, oxeye Leucanthemum vulgare

Dodder Cuscuta spp.

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrical

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger

Hound's tongue Cynoglossum officiale

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea x moncktonii

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe subsp. Micranthos

Knapweed, squarose Centaurea squarrosa

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria

Medusa-head Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. caput-medusae

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum.subsp. ruderale

Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia

Pepperweed, perennial Lepidium latifolium

Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris

Quackgrass Elymus repens

Saltcedar Tamarix spp.

Salvation jane Echium plantagineum

Sandbur, field Cenchrus incertus

Sandbur, longspine (mat) Cenchrus longispinus

Skeletonweed, rush Chrondrilla juncea.

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa

Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis

Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salusa

St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum L.

Tansy, common Tanacetum vulgare

Thistle, Canadian Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Thistle, musk Carduus nutans L.

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides L.

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium L.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

93 

WYOMING - continued 

Prohibited

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris Mill.

Tussock, serrated Nassella trichotomo (Nees) Hack. Ex Arechav.

Whitetop Lepidium draba L.

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria L.

Wyoming law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed or screenings thereof containing 

any of the noxious-weed seeds listed above.

Restricted

The tolerance for restricted noxious weeds, unless otherwise stated, shall be 50 seeds per pound in 

small seeded crops and five seeds per pound in large seeded crops: 

Restricted

Common name Scientific name

Cinquefoil, Sulphur Potentilla recta L. ‘Warrenii’

Dock, curly Rumex crispus L.

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica (Houtt) Ronse Decr.

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella 

(Pursh) Stebbins

Licorice, wild Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum L.

Mustard, wild Sinapis arvense L. subsp. arvensis

Oat, wild Avena fatua L.

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolate L.

Povertyweed Iva axillaris Pursh

Ragweed, perennial Ambrosia psilostachya DC.

Regulated weed seeds

The limitation for regulated weed seeds is specified for each species as shown below. These species 

are not required to be reported as noxious-weed seed unless exceeding the state limitation.

Regulated

Common name Scientific name Limitations

Cheat Bromus secalinus L. 1,200 seeds per pound

Downy brome Bromus tectorum L. 1,200 seeds per pound

Feral rye Secale cereale L. subsp. cereale 0 in small grain other than 

rye

Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Thunb. 1,200 seeds per pound

Ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Roth. var.

rigidus (Roth) Sales

1,200 seeds per pound

Ventenata Grass Ventenata dubia 1,200 seeds per pound

Wyoming law prohibits the sale of agricultural or vegetable seed or screenings thereof containing 

restricted or regulated weed seeds in excess of the limitation listed above.
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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94 

APPENDIX A

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Acuate Lagascea mollis HI

Aeginetia spp. Aeginetia spp. US

Alectra spp. Alectra spp. US

Alfombrilla Drymaria arenarioides AZ and US

Algarrobo Prosopis pallida US

Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides AZ and CA

Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana CA, MI, MN, MT, and WI

Amaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeri IA, MN, MT, ND, OH, SD, TN, 

WA, and WI

Amaranth seed, Palmer amaranth, 

Waterhemp, or pigweed seed

Amaranthus spp. IN (refer IN pg. for details)

Amargo, mesquite Prosopis articulata US

Ambulia or (Asian marshweed) Limnophila sessiliflora CA and US

Amorseco Chrysopogon aciculatus US

Anacharis Egeria najas CA

Anoda, spurred Anoda cristata CO, DE, MD, NJ, and NC

Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes OH

Ardisia, shoebutton Ardisia elliptica HI

Arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia US

Azolla, ferny Azolla pinnata US

Ballcress (Globe-potted hoary 

cress), (Hairy whitetop), (hoary 

cress), (whitetop) and its varieties. 

See ballcress, peppercress, perenial 

peppergrass, and whitetop.

Cardaria pubescens AK, AZ, CA, ND, NV, and OH

Ballcress (hairy whitetop) Lepidium appelianum OH

Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA,

MD, MS, MO, NC, OK, SC, 

TN, TX, and VA

Barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus HI

Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli AR

Beancaper, Syrian Zygophyllum fabago CA, ID, NV, and UT

Bedding grass Pennisetum macrourum US

Bedstraw Galium spp. CT, MA, NH, PA, VT, and WA

(in alfalfa only)

Bedstraw Galium tricorne OR

Bentgrass (Colonial, Creeping, 

Velvet, Redtop)

Agrostis spp. DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Bermudagrass (Bermudagrass, 

giant) 

Cynodon dactylon AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, LA, MD, 

NJ, NC, SC, UT, VA, and WV 

Bermudagrass (Common and giant) Cynodon spp. DE, MS, NH, NJ, PA, TX, and VA

Bermudagrass, giant Cynodon dactylon var. aridus DC

Biddy-biddy or (Bur, New Zealand) Acaena novae-zelandiae CA

Biddy-biddy, pale Acaena pallida CA
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Bindweed Convolvulus spp. UT

Bindweed (field Bindweed), 

(Morningglory, European), 

and (Morningglory, wild) 

Convolvulus arvensis AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL,

IN, IA, LA, MA, ME, MD,

MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, 

NV, NH, NJ, NM, NC, ND,

OH, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY 

Bindweed, black (Buckwheat, wild) Polygonum convolvulus AK and OK

Bindweed, hedge Calystegia sepium KS

Bindweed, hedge Convolvulus sepium -

Convolvulus sepium is a 

synonym of Calystegia sepium 

AL, AR, GA, HI, KS, LA, MI,

MS, MO, NJ, NC, ND, OH, OK, 

PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, and WA

Bitterbush Chromolaena odorata HI

Blackberry, prickly Florida Rubus argutus HI

Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides WA

Bladderflower Araujia sericifera CA

Blue burr Lappula echinata (Lappula 

echinata is a synonym of 

Lappula squarrosa)

AK

Bluegrass, annual Poa annua AK, CT, DE, DC, FL, KY, MD,

MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, SD, TN, 

TX, VA, and WV

Bluegrass, rough Poa trivialis DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Bluestem, Caucasian Bothriochloa bladhii KS

Bluestem, yellow Bothriochloa ischaemum KS

Blueweed (Bugloss, vipers) Echium vulgare MT, WY, and UT

Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris AZ, AR, CA, CO, GA, HI, KS, 

LA, NM, OK, SC, and TX

Borreria Spermacoce alata US

Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis CO

Box, Victorian Pittosporum undulatum HI

Boxthorn, African Lycium ferocissimum US

Brome, downy Bromus tectorum L. WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Brome, Japanese Bromus japonicus Thunb. WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Brome, ripgut Bromus diandrus Roth. var.

rigidus (Roth) Sales

WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Broom, bridal veil Retama monosperma CA

Broom, French Cytisus monspessulanus (a 

synonym of Genista 

monspessulana)

CA and HI

Broom, Scotch Cytisus scoparius CA, HI, MT, and UT

Broom, Spanish Spartium junceum CA and HI

Broomrape, branched Orobanche ramosa (a 

synonym of Phelipanche 

ramosa)

AZ and CA
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus HI

Brunswickgrass Paspalum lepton AL and GA

Buckhorn (Plantain, buckhorn) Plantago lanceolata AL, AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, 

KS, KY, LA, ME, MA, MI, MN, 

MO, MS, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, 

TN, TX, WV, WI, and WY

Buckhorn Plantago spp. AK, CT, MS, and WA

Buckhorn (Plantain, bracted) Plantago aristata AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and TX

Buckthorn, common Rhamnus cathartica MT

Buckwheat, wild (black bindweed) Polygonum convolvulus (a 

synonym of Fallopia 

convolvulus)

AK, KS, and OK

Buffalobur Solanum rostratum HI and ID

Buffalograss (Millet, Texas) 

or (Panicum, Texas)

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texana)

FL, GA, and NC

Bugloss, small Anchusa arvensis UT

Bullnettle (Horsenettle) or 

(Carolina horsenettle)

Solanum carolinense AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, 

FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, LA, ME, 

MD, MA, MI, MN, NE, NV, NH, 

NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, 

SD, TN, TX, VT, and WV 

Bur, bronze piri-piri Acaena anserinifolia CA

Bur, New Zealand (Piripiri) 

or (Biddy biddy)

Acaena novae-zelandiae HI

Bur, paroquet Triumfetta rhomboidea HI

Bur, Sacramento Triumfetta semitriloba HI

Bur, star Acanthospermum hispidum HI

Burclover Medicago polymorpha AZ

Burcucumber Sicyos angulatus DE and NJ

Burdock, common Arctium minus CO and WY

Bur-reed, exotic Sparganium erectum US

Bur-sage (see povertyweed, and 

ragweed) The Nebraska lab 

reports all bur-sage (Ambrosia 

spp.) as noxious

Bur-sage - Shown as (Povertyweed, 

silverleaf) or (Povertyweed)

Franseria discolor - Franseria 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa

CO and NM

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Ambrosia discolor - Ambrosia 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa

NE

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Ambrosia tomentosa ID and WY

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf Franseria discolor WY

Bur-sage woolly-leaf (Woolly-leaf 

Bur-sage is a common name for 

Ambrosia grayi) See ragweed, and

woolly-leaf povertyweed

Ambrosia tomentosa NE
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Butter and eggs - Shown 

as (Toadflax, yellow)

Linaria vulgaris AK, CO, ID, MT, WA, and WY

Buttercup, tall Ranunculus acris MT

Butterprint (velvetleaf) Abutilon theophrasti CO, IA, MI, NC, RI, VT, and WA

Buttonweed Diodia virginiana CA

Cactus, moon Eriocereus martinii (a synonym 

of Harrisia martinii)

HI

Cactus, spiny tree Cereus uruguayanus (a synonym 

of Cereus hildmannianus subsp. 

uruguayanus)

HI

Caesarweed Urena lobata HI

Camelthorn Alhagi camelorum - Alhagi 

camelorum and Alhagi 

pseudalhagi are synonyms of 

Alhagi maurorum

ID, NM, and OR

Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum AZ, CA, HI, ID, UT, WA, and

WY

Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi - Alhagi 

camelorum and Alhagi 

pseudalhagi are synonyms of 

Alhagi maurorum

CA, CO, and NV

Campion, bladder Silene vulgaris WA (in timothy only)

Campion, bladder Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris WY

Cape grass Tribolium obliterum CA

Cape-ivy Delairea odorata (a synonym of

Senecio mikanioides)

CA

Cape-tulip Homeria spp. (a synonym of

Moraea spp.)

US

Capeweed Arctotheca calendula CA

Carrot, wild Daucus carota ID, IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX,

and WV

Cartwheel-flower (see 

also Hogweed, giant)

Heracleum mantegazzianum US

Castor Ricinus communis TX

Cattail grass Setaria pallide-fusca (a synonym 

of Setaria pumila subsp. 

subtesselata)

US

Chamomile, Mayweed Anthemis cotula NV

Chamomile, scentless Anthemis arvensis CO

Charlock-See also mustard, 

rape, and turnip

Charlock (Mustard, wild) Sinapis arvensis CO, IA, IN, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA, and 

WI
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Charlock (Mustard, wild), 

(Charlock, English) See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Brassica arvensis - Brassica 

arvensis is a synonym of Sinapis 

arvensis

IN, MA, NE, OH, SD, and WV

Charlock - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

Brassica kaber - Brassica kaber

is a synonym of Sinapis arvensis

AK, CO, IL, MA, OH, and SD

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, 

wild), (Mustards, wild) or 

(Turnips, wild)

Brassica spp. AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA, IL, KS,

LA, ME, MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, 

RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA

Charlock - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis WA

Charlock - Shown as (Mustard,

wild) or (Turnips, wild)

Sinapis spp. TX

Cheat Bromus secalinus AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, 

MS, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, and

WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Chess, hairy Bromus commutatus AL, AR, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, SC, 

TN, and TX

Chickweed, giant Myosoton aquaticum CA

Cinquefoil, sulfur Potentilla recta CA, CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Clematis, Chinese Clematis orientalis CO

Clustered Barilla Salt Halogeton glomeratus WA

Coat-buttons Tridax procumbens US

Cockle, white Lychnis alba - Lychnis alba 

and Silene alba are synonyms 

of Silene latifolia subsp. alba

CT and WA (in timothy only)

Cockle, white Silene alba - Lychnis alba 

and Silene alba are synonyms 

of Silene latifolia subsp. alba

WA (in timothy only) and WI

Cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum -

Xanthium pensylvanicum is 

a synonym of Xanthium 

strumarium

IN

Cocklebur Xanthium spp. AL, AR, FL, GA, HI, KS, LA, MS, 

NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX

Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium DE, IA, MD, and MI

Coffeebean Sesbania exaltata AR

Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica GA, HI, US, and UT

Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) Sorghum × almum CO, FL, GA, HI, KS, KY, MS, MO, 

OH, SC, TN, UT, and VA

Columbus grass - Shown 

as (Sorghum almum)

Sorghum halepense CA, IL, KS, MI, MS, IN, and TX

Columbus grass - Shown as

(Sorghum almum). See also

johnsongrass, sorghum, and 

sudangrass

Sorghum spp. AZ, DE, NV, NJ, UT, VA, and 

WA

Comfrey, rough Symphytum asperum CA
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Cordgrass, common Spartina anglica CA

Cordgrass, dense-flowered Spartina densiflora CA

Cordgrass, salt-meadow Spartina patens CA

Cordgrass, smooth and hybrids Spartina alterniflora and hybrids CA

Corncockle Agrostemma githago AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY,

LA, ME, MD, MA, MS, NH,

NJ, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, 

TN, TX, VT, and WV

Cornflower Centaurea cyanus NC

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata HI

Couch grass, African Digitaria scalarum (a synonym 

of Digitaria abyssinica)

US

Couch, water Paspalum scrobiculatum US

Crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum NV

Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis NV

Crabweed, hairy Fatoua villosa CA

Creeper, bearded (Common 

crupina) or (Crupina vulgaris)

Crupina vulgaris CA, ID, OR, WY, and US

Cress, hoary (Heart-podded hoary 

cress), (Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), 

(Perennial peppergrass) or

(Whitetop)

Cardaria draba AK, CA, CO, HI, IA, IL, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, and SD 

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Heartpodded hoarycress)Lepidium draba subsp. draba OH

Cress, hoary – Shown as (Hoary 

cress)

Lepidium draba WA

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Hoary 

cress)

Lepidium repens - Lepidium repens 

is a synonym of Cardaria draba 

subsp. chalepensis

ND

Cress, hoary - Shown as 

(hoarycress)

Cardaria draba var. repens AZ

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Lenspodded hoary cress)Cardaria chalepensis CA

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Perennial 

peppergrass) 

Lepidium draba - (Lepidium 

draba is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. draba)

IN and MN

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Whitetop) Cardaria draba subsp. draba ID

Croftonweed Ageratina adenophora HI and US

Croftonweed, creeping 

(Pamakani, Hamakua)

Ageratina riparia HI

Crotalaria Crotalaria mucronata -

Crotalaria mucronata is a 

synonym of Crotalaria pallida

FL

Crotalaria Crotalaria spp. AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria Crotalaria striata - Crotalaria 

striata is a synonym of Crotalaria 

pallida

FL
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Crotalaria - Shown as (Rattlepod,

long-beaked)

Crotalaria longirostrata HI

Crotalaria (Crotalaria, showy) Crotalaria spectabilis FL, HI, NC, and TN

Crotalaria, smooth Crotalaria pallida NC

Crupina, common (Bearded 

creeper) or (Crupina vulgaris)

Crupina vulgaris ID, NV, OR, US, UT, and WY

Cupgrass, woolly Eriochloa villosa WI

Curse, Koster's Clidemia hirta var. hirta HI

Cusqui Prosopis calingastana US

Daisy, ox-eye Chrysanthemum 

leucanthemum - 

Chrysanthemum 

leucanthemum is a synonym 

of Leucanthemum vulgare.

CO, HI, IL, IN, KY, UT, and WV

Daisy, ox-eye Leucanthemum vulgare KS, MT, OH and WY

Daisy, tree Montanoa hibiscifolia HI

Daisy, tridax Tridax procumbens US

Darnel or Ryegrass, poison Lolium temulentum AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, OK, SC, 

TN, and TX

Darnel and/or Persian ryegrass Lolium temulentum and/or

Lolium persicum

TX

Darnel, Persian Lolium persicum MT

Dayflower (Dayflower, Benghal) Commelina benghalensis FL and US

Dock and/or Sorrel Rumex spp. AL except hastatulus, AR, CT, GA, 

KS, LA, MS, MO, NE, OK, SC, 

TN, TX, and WA

Dock, broadleaf (Docks) Rumex obtusifolius FL and NC

Dock, curled (curly dock), 

(Dock, sour), or (Docks)

Rumex crispus AZ, CO, FL, IA, IL, IN, MI, MT, 

NE, NV, NC, OH, and WY

Dock, smooth (Dock, smoothleaf) Rumex altissimus IA and NE

Dock, winged (see sorrel) Rumex venosus NE

Docks Rumex conglomeratus FL

Dodder Cuscuta spp. AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, 

GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, 

ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NC, ND 

except coryli, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, 

SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, 

WV, WI, and WY

Duck-beak, wrinkled Ischaemum rugosum US

Duck-lettuce Ottelia alismoides US

Eelgrass, dwarf Zostera japonica CA

Elephantopus Elephantopus spp. HI

Emex Emex australis HI and US

Emex, spiny Emex spinosa HI and US
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Fanweed (Frenchweed) 

or (Pennycress, field)

Thlaspi arvense IN, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA

Fanwort, Carolina Cabomba caroliniana CA

False-bromegrass, slender or 

(False brome)

Brachypodium sylvaticum CA

Feathergrass, African Pennisetum macrourum. US

Fern, butterfly Salvinia auriculata US

Fern, mosquito Azolla pinnata US

Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and WV

Feverfew, Santa Maria Parthenium hysterophorus CA

Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR, and 

WA

Finger grass, (long-plume) (velvet) Digitaria velutina US

Finger grass, Abyssinian Digitaria scalarum (a 

synonym of Digitaria 

abyssinica)

US

Firetree Myrica faya (a synonym of

Morella faya)

HI

Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis HI and US

Fireweed groundsel Senecio linearifolius CA

Floating-heart, yellow Nymphoides peltata CA

Florida-elodea Hydrilla verticillata US

Fountaingrass (Fountaingrass, green) Pennisetum setaceum HI and NV

Foxtail, giant Setaria faberi AL, AR, CA, CO, DE, GA, IL, IN, 

IA, KS, KY, MD, MI, MN, MO, MS, 

NC, OK, SC, SD, TN, TX, and VA

Foxtail, slender Alopecurus myosuroides WA

Foxtail, West Indian Andropogon bicornis HI

Frenchweed (Fanweed) or 

(Pennycress, field)

Thlaspi arvense IN, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD, WA

Frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae CA

Galega Galega officinalis US

Galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora AK

Garlic, false Nothoscordum gracile CA

Garlic, wild (Onion, wild) Allium spp. AL, AR, DE, GA, KS, KY, LA, MA, 

MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VT, and 

VA

Garlic, wild (Onion wild) Allium vineale CA, DC, HI, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI,

MO, NH, NJ, OH, OR, PA, RI, and 

WV

Gaura Gaura spp. (a synonym of

Oenothera spp.) 

HI
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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102 

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Gaura, Drummond’s Oenothera xenogaura (a 

synonym of Gaura drummondii)

CA

Gaura, wavy-leaf Oenothera sinuosus (a synonym

of Gaura sinuate)

CA

Geshoumi Saccharum spontaneum US

Goatgrass or (Goatgrass, jointed) Aegilops spp. AL, NM, OR, and TX

Goatgrass, barb Aegilops triuncialis CA, HI and NV

Goatgrass, jointed Aegilops cylindrica AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, OK, UT, 

WA, and WY

Goatgrass, ovate Aegilops geniculate (a 

synonym of Aegilops ovata)

CA

Goat's-rue Galega officinalis CA, NV, PA, UT, and US

Goatweed (Common St. Johnswort), 

(Klamathweed), or (St. Johnswort)

Hypericum perforatum CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,

and WA

Gorse Ulex europaeus CA and HI

Gourd, ivy Coccinia grandis HI

Grevillea, Bank's Grevillea banksii HI

Gromwell Buglossoides arvensis WA (only in small grain)

Groundcherry, grape Physalis viscosa CA

Groundcherry, purpleflower Physalis lobata - Physalis

lobata is a synonym of 

Quincula lobata

CO

Groundcherry, purpleflower Quincula lobata CO

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis longifolia var.

subglabrata

ID

Groundcherry, smooth Physalis virginiana var. sonorae

(a synonym of P. longifolia)

CA

Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, NV, NM, 

OR, UT, WA, and WY

Harmel Peganum harmala CA

Hastate-leaf-pondweed Monochoria hastata US

Hawkweed (Hawkweed complex, 

meadow)

Hieracium spp. WV

Hawkweed, meadow Heiracium caespitosum (a

synonym of H. praealturm, H. 

floridundum, and Pilosella 

caespitosa)

MT

Hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum (a 

synonym of Pilosella

aurantiaca)

AK, MT, and WY

Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum CO, ID, IA, NV, OH, UT, and WY

Hemlock, water Cicuta maculata NV

Hemp (Marijuana) Cannabis sativa MN, MS, and PA

Hempnettle Galeopsis tetrahit AK

Hempweed, climbing Mikania scandens HI

Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger CA, CO, ID, NV, UT, and WY
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103 

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Hoarycress (Globe-potted hoary 

cress), (Hairy whitetop), (hoary 

cress), (whitetop) and its varieties. 

See ball cress, peppercress, 

peppergrass, and whitetop.

Cardaria pubescens AK, AZ, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, 

OR, UT, and WA 

Hoarycress (Hoary cress) 

and (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba subsp. draba ID

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba 

subsp. chalepensis) – or shown as 

(Lens- podded hoary cress) 

Cardaria chalepensis - Cardaria 

chalepensis is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis

AZ, NV, and UT

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis) - Shown as Hoary cress 

Lepidium repens - Lepidium 

repens is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. chalepensis

ND

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. 

draba) - Shown as Perennial 

peppergrass and as Globe-podded 

Hoarycress

Lepidium draba - Lepidium 

draba is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba

CA, IN, MN, and UT

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba) - Shown 

as Heart-podded hoarycress

Lepidium draba subsp. draba CA, OH, and UT

Hoarycress (Cardaria pubescens) -

Shown as Ballcress, as Hairy 

whitetop, and Lens-podded 

Hoarycress

Lepidium appelianum CA, OH, and UT

Hoarycress (whitetop, globepodded), (Heart-podded hoarycress), 

(Hoary cress), (Perennial 

peppergrass), or (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba AK, AZ, CO, HI, IL, MI,

MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, OK,

SD, UT, and WA

Hogweed, giant Heracleum mantegazzianum OH, PA, and US

Horsenettle, Carolina (Horsenettle) Solanum carolinense AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, 

FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, 

ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, NE, NH, 

NJ, NC, NV, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, 

SD, TN, TX, VT, and WV

Horsenettle, white (Nightshade) 

or (Bullnettle)

Solanum elaeagnifolium AL, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI, ID, 

LA, MI, NM, NV, OK, SC, TX, and 

WA

Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale CO, MT, ND, NV, UT, and WY

Huarango Prosopis pallida US

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata AZ, CA, NV, and US

Hyptis, comb Hyptis pectinata (a synonym of

Mesosphaerum pectinatum)

HI

Indian-rhododendron Melastoma malabathricum US

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene spp. AR

Indigo, curly Aeschynomene virginica -

Aeschynomene virginica 

is a synonym of 

Aeschynomene indica L.

LA
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Indigo, tall (Coffeebean) or 

(Sesbania, hemp) 

Sesbania exaltata AR and LA

Iris, Yellow flag Iris pseudacorus MT

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) Rottboellia cochinchinensis LA, NC, TX and US

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) Rottboellia exaltata - Rottboellia 

exaltata is a synonym of 

Rottboellia cochinchinensis

(Lour.) Clayton

AR, LA, SC, and TN

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium MI, NC, and PA

Johnsongrass *** SEE 

INDIVIDUAL STATES 

FOR INTERPRETATIONS 

*** 

Sorghum halepense AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL,

GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY,

LA, MD, MI, MS, MO, NE, NJ, 

NM, NC, NV, OH, OK, OR, PA, 

SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, and WV 

Jointedvetch Aeschynomene spp. CA

Jointvetch, Indian (Kat sola) Aeschynomene indica HI and LA

Joyweed, sessile Alternanthera sessilis CA and US

Jubata grass or (Pampas grass) Cortaderia jubata CA

Kahiliflower Grevillea banksii HI

Kanchura Commelina benghalensis US

Kangaroo thorn Acacia paradoxa CA

Kariba-weed Salvinia molesta US

Kayasuwa grass Pennisetum pedicellatum US

Kiawe Prosopis pallida US

Kikuyu grass Pennisetum clandestinum CA and US

Klamathweed (St. Johnswort) Hypericum perforatum CA CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, and 

WA

Knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala WA

Knapweed, black Centaurea nigra CO, WA, and WY

Knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea WA

Knapweed, desert Volutaria tubuliflora CA

Knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, 

NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea (a synonym of

Centaurea pratensis)

CA

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea jacea × nigra WA

Knapweed, meadow Centaurea x moncktonii WY

Knapweed, Russian Acroptilon repens (a synonym of

Rhaponticum repens)

AZ, CO, HI, ID, IA, MT, NV, OH,

OR, and WY

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea picris (Centaurea 

picris, Centaurea repens, and 

Acroptilon repens are synonyms 

of Rhaponticum repens)

IL, MI, OH, OK, SC, and WI
2024 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Recognized in the Administration of the Federal Seed Act

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105 

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens (Centaurea 

picris, Centaurea repens and

Acroptilon repens are synonyms 

of Rhaponticum repens)

AK, CO, CT, ID, NE, NM, OK, 

SD, TX, and UT 

Knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens CA, GA, LA, MN, MT, ND, WA,

and WY

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosa (a synonym 

of Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

australis)

AZ, CA, CO, ID, MI, MT, NE, 

NV, OR, SD, UT, and WI 

Knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

micranthos (a synonym of 

Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

australis)

ND, WA, and WY

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea squarrosa (Centaurea 

squarrose is a synonym of 

Centaurea virgata subsp.

squarrosa)

AZ and WY

Knapweed, squarrose Centaurea virgata 

(Centaurea virgata is a 

synonym of Centaurea 

virgata subsp. squarrosa)

CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, and WY

Knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens WA

Knotweed, Bohemian Fallopia×bohemica (a synonym 

of Reynoutria ×bohemica and of 

Polygonum ×bohemica)

CA

Knotweed complex Polygonum cuspidatum, P. 

sachalinense, P.x bohemicum, 

Fallopia japonica, F. 

sachalinensis, F. x bohemica, 

Reynoutria japonia, R. 

sachalinensis, and R. x 

bohemica

MT

Knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis (a 

synonym of Reynoutria 

sachalinensis)

CA and NE

Knotweed, Himalayan Persicaria wallichii CA

Knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica (a synonym of

Reynoutria japonica)

CA, NE and WY

Knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum UT

Kochia Bassia scoparia OH

Kochia, Forage Bassia prostrata OH

Kudzu (Kudzu-vine) Pueraria lobata (Pueraria 

lobata is a synonym of Pueraria

montana var. lobata)

PA and WI

Kudzu, tropical Pueraria phaseoloides HI

Kyasuwa grass, annual Pennisetum pedicellatum US

Lepyrodiclis Lepyrodiclis holosteoides WA

Lespedeza, sericea Lespedeza cuneata NE and OK
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106 

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Lettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica subsp.

pulchella

CO, ID, WA, and WY

Lettuce, blue (blue 

flowering lettuce)

Lactuca pulchella (a synonym 

of Lactuca tatarica subsp. 

pulchella)

AK, CO, HI, ID

Licorice, wild Glycyrrhiza lepidota WY

Liverseed grass Urochloa panicoides US

Locoweeds Astragalus spp. HI

Locoweeds Oxytropis spp. HI

Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria AK, AZ, CA, CO, MT, NE, NH, 

NJ, OH, UT, VT, and WY

Loosestrife, purple (Purple 

Loosestrife) or (Purple Lythrum)

Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum, 

and any hybrid crosses thereof 

and cultivars (ND)

CA, ND, NV, and PA

Loosestrife, purple See Lythrum,

purple.

Lythrum virgatum CO and WY

Love grass Chrysopogon aciculatus US

Lyon's grass Themeda villosa HI

Lythrum, purple See 

Loosestrife, purple

Lythrum salicaria ID and MT

Malachra Malachra alceifolia HI

Mallow, alkali Sida hederacea (Sida hederacea 

is a synonym of Malvella

leprosa)

AZ

Mallow, Venice Hibiscus trionum CO and WY

Marabu Dichrostachys nutans 

(Dichrostachys nutans is 

a synonym of 

Dichrostachys cinerea)

HI

Marigold, wild Tagetes minuta CA and HI

Marijuana (Hemp) Cannabis sativa MN and PA

Marshweed, Asian or (Ambulia) Limnophila sessiliflora CA and US

Marshweed, India or (Ambulia) Limnophila indica CA

Maypop (Passion flower) Passiflora incarnata TX

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa HI

Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae CA, CO, HI, MT, NV, and UT

Medusahead or Medusa-head Taeniatherum caput-medusae

subsp. caput-medusae

WA, and WY

Medusahead rye Elymus caput-medusae 

(Elymus caput-medusae is a 

synonym of Taeniatherum 

caput-medusae subsp. caputmedusae)

CA and OR

Medusahead rye Taeniatherum caput-medusae

subsp. caput-medusae

ID

Melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia US

Melastoma Melastoma spp. HI
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107 

Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Melastoma, banks Melastoma malabathricum US

Melon, dudaim (Queen Anne’s 

melon) 

Cucumis melo var. dudaim 

(Cucumis melo var. dudaim is a 

synonym of Cucumis melo

subsp. melo var. chito)

AZ and CA

Melon, paddy Cucumis myriocarpus CA

Mercury, Spanish Mercurialis ambigua CA

Mesquite, creeping Prosopis strombulifera CA

Mexicanweed Caperonia castaneifolia LA

Miconia Miconia spp. HI

Mile-a-minute Mikania cordata US

Mile-a-minute Mikania micrantha HI and US

Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum (a 

synonym of Persicaria 

perfoliata)

PA and WI

Milkweed, climbing Cynanchum laeve KS

Milkweeds Asclepias spp. HI

Millet, kodo Paspalum scrobiculatum US

Millet, spring Milium vernale UT

Millet, Texas (Buffalograss) 

or (Panicum, Texas)

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texanum)

FL, and NC

Millet, wild proso Panicum miliaceum subsp.

ruderale

CO, WI, and WY

Miramar-weed Hygrophila polysperma US

Miscanthus Miscanthus floridulus HI

Mission grass Pennisetum polystachion US

Mistletoe, European Viscum album CA

Monochoria Monochoria hastata US

Monochoria, oval-leaf Monochoria vaginalis US

Moonflower (Morningglory) Ipomoea spp. AZ (except I. carnea, I. aborescens, 

I. tribola, I. batatas, I. quamoclit, 

and I. noctiflora), AR, KS, LA, MI, 

MS, NE (when found in field crop 

seed), NM, NC, OK, and TX

Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) Ipomoea alba GA

Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) Ipomoea turbinata (a synonym 

of Ipomoea muricata)

AR, KY, and MS

Moonflower, (moonflower, 

purple) or (Morningglory, giant)

Calonyction muricatum (a 

synonym of Ipomoea muricata)

AL, LA, MO, OK, and SC

Morning glory (Morningglory, wild) Ipomoea purpurea NE (when found in field crop 

seed), OK and WV

Morningglory, European 

(Bindweed), (Field bindweed) 

or (Morningglory, wild) 

Convolvulus arvensis AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IA, IL, 

IN, KS, LA, MD, MA, ME, MI, 

MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, 

NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, 

OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Morning-glory, swamp Ipomoea aquatica US

Morning-glory, three-lobed Ipomoea triloba AZ

Mullein Verbascum thapsus HI

Murain grass Ischaemum rugosum US

Mustard, African (Mustard, Sahara) Brassica tournefortii UT

Mustard, elongated Brassica elongata UT

Mustard, black Brassica nigra (AZ shows as

Brassica niger)

AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, PA,

SD, and WA

Mustard, garlic Alliaria petiolata UT

Mustard, India (Mustard, Indian) Brassica juncea AK, AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, 

PA, SD, and WV

Mustard, wild See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Brassica kaber (a synonym of

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis)

AK, CO, IL, NV, OH, PA, and SD

Mustard, wild See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Brassica spp. AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA (except B.

napus var. biennis and B. rapa 

var. rapa), IL, KS, LA, ME, 

MA, MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, RI, 

SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA

Mustard, wild See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Sinapis arvensis AZ, CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, MN, 

PA, VA, WI, and WY

Mustard, wild See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis OH, WA, and WY

Mustard, wild See also 

charlock, rape, and turnip.

Sinapis spp. LA and TX

Mustard, common giant Rapistrum rugosum TX

Mustard, field Brassica rapa AZ

Mustard, purple Chorispora tenella CA

Mustard, Sahara (Mustard, African) Brassica tournefortii NV

Myrtle, candleberry Myrica faya (a synonym of

Morella faya)

HI

Nassella trichotoma (see 

serrated tussock)

Needlegrasses Stipa spp. HI

Nightshade Solanum americanum KS

Nightshade – (Horsenettle) or 

Nightshade, (purple) 

(silverleaf) (white)

Solanum elaeagnifolium AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA,

HI, ID, KS, LA, MI, NV, NM, 

OK, SC, TX, and WA

Nightshade complex, black Solanum interius KS

Nightshade, bitter Solanum dulcamara MI

Nightshade, black Solanum nigrum KS and MI

Nightshade, Eastern black Solanum ptycanthum IN, KS, MI, MN, and MO

Nightshade, hairy Solanum sarrachoides (Solanum 

sarrachoides auct. is a synonym 

of Solanum physalifolium Rusby

var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter)

Edmonds.)

KS and MI

Nightshade, heartleaf Solanum cardiophyllum CA
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Nightshade, lanceleaf Solanum lanceolatum CA

Nightshade, silverleaf Solanum robustum HI

Nightshade, Torrey’s Solanum dimidiatum CA

Nightshade, wetland Solanum tampicense US

Nightshade, white-margin Solanum marginatum CA

Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi CA

Nutgrass Cyperus spp. RI

Nutsedge tuber (Nutgrass) Cyperus spp. TX

Nutsedge, purple (Nutgrass) Cyperus rotundus AL, AZ, AR, CA, FL, GA

(tuber and seed), LA, MS, NM, 

NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX

Nutsedge, yellow (Nutgrass) Cyperus esculentus AZ, CA, CO, CT, GA (tuber

and seed), HI, LA, ME, MI, MS, 

NH, NM, NC, TN, and TX

Oat, slender Avena barbata MO

Oat, wild Avena sterilis (including 

Avena ludoviciana)

US

Oat, wild *** SEE OK AND 

TX FOR 

INTERPRETATIONS ***

Avena fatua AZ, AK, CO, ID, KS, MI, MO,

MT, NM, ND, OK, SC, SD, 

TX, UT, WA, WI, and WY

Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia UT and WY

Onion, panicled Allium paniculatum CA

Onion, wild Allium canadense DC, FL, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI, 

MO, NH, NJ, OH, PA, and RI

Onionweed Asphodelus fistulosus CA and US

Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Ottelia, water-plantain Ottelia alismoides US

Oval-leaf-pondweed Monochoria vaginalis US

Oxygen-weed Lagarosiphon major CA and US

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata HI

Pamakani, Maui Ageratina adenophora HI and US

Panicgrass, blue Panicum antidotale CA

Panicum, Texas (Buffalograss) 

or (Millet, Texas)

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texana)

FL, GA, and NC

Paperbark, broadleaf Melaleuca quinquenervia US

Paspalum, creeping 

(Indian Paspalum)

Paspalum scrobiculatum US

Passion flower (Maypop) Passiflora incarnata TX

Passionfruit, banana Passiflora mollissima (a 

synonym of Passiflora 

tripartita var. mollissima)

HI

Passionfruit, winged-leaf Passiflora pulchella (a 

synonym of Passiflora 

bicornis)

HI

Payal, African Salvinia auriculata US

Peaweed, Austrian Sphaerophysa salsula CA, NV and OR
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Pennisetum, feather Pennisetum polystachion US

Pennycress (Pennycress, field), 

(Fanweed), or (Frenchweed)

Thlaspi arvense IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, NV, OH,

SD, and WA

Pepper, spiked Piper aduncum HI

Peppercress, perennial (broadleaved 

peppergrass), (whitetop), or 

(Pepperweed, perennial)

Lepidium latifolium CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT,

WA, and WY 

Peppergrass, field Lepidium campestre IN and WV

Peppergrass, perennial Lepidium draba (Lepidium 

draba is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba)

MN

Peppergrass, perennial (Heartpodded hoary cress), (Hoary cress), 

(Hoarycress), (Cress, hoary), or 

(Whitetop)

Cardaria draba AK, CA, CO, HI, IA, IL, KS,

MI, MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, 

OH, OK, SD, and WA

Peppergrass, perennial (Hoary 

cress) or (Whitetop)

Cardaria draba subsp. draba ID and WY

Periquito-sessil Alternanthera sessilis US

Peruvian apple Cereus uruguayanus (a synonym 

of Cereus hildmannianus subsp. 

uruguayanus)

HI

Phragmities or reed, common Phragmites australis ssp. UT

Pickerel-weed Monochoria vaginalis US

Pigweed Amaranthus spp. GA

Pilipiliula Chrysopogon aciculatus US

Plantain Plantago spp. AK, CT, MS, and WA

Plantain, bracted Plantago aristata AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, and 

TX

Plantain, buckhorn Plantago lanceolata AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, KS, LA,

ME, MA, MI, MN, MS, NC, 

OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, and 

WY

Plantain, buckhorn (Buckhorn) Plantago lanceolata AL, IL, IN, IA, KY, MO, OH,

WV, and WI

Plantain, Ribwort Plantago lanceolata NH

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia dentata (a synonym 

of Euphorbia davidii)

LA

Poinsettia, wild Euphorbia davidii LA

Poison – Hemlock 

(Hemlock, poison)

Conium maculatum CO, ID, IA, OH, and WY

Poka, banana Passiflora mollissima (a 

synonym of Passiflora 

tripartita var. mollissima)

HI

Pondweed, curly leaf Potamogeton crispus MT
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Poppy, plume Bocconia frutescens HI

Poppy, red horned Glaucium corniculatum OK

Povertyseed, silverleaf (Bursage skeleton-leaf)

Franseria discolor (Franseria 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa)

CO, NM, and WY

Povertyweed, mouse-ear 

(Sumpweed, poverty)

Iva axillaris CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Povertyweed, silverleaf (Bur-sage

woolly-leaf)

Ambrosia tomentosa CO and NE

Povertyweed, woolyleaf

(Ragweed, bur)

Ambrosia grayi CO and KS

Povertyweed, woolyleaf 

(Ragweed, bur) See bursage, and 

ragweed.

Franseria tomentosa 

(Franseria tomentosa is a 

synonym of Ambrosia grayi)

CO and KS

Prickly-pear, jointed Opuntia aurantiaca US

Primrose-willow, Peruvian Ludwigia peruviana CA

Prosopis alpataco Prosopis alpataco US

Prosopis argentina Prosopis argentina US

Prosopis burkartii Prosopis burkartii US

Prosopis caldenia Prosopis caldenia US

Prosopis campestris Prosopis campestris US

Prosopis castellanosii Prosopis castellanosii US

Prosopis denudans Prosopis denudans US

Prosopis elata Prosopis elata US

Prosopis farcta Prosopis farcta US

Prosopis ferox Prosopis ferox US

Prosopis fiebrigii Prosopis fiebrigii US

Prosopis hassleri Prosopis hassleri US

Prosopis humilis Prosopis humilis US

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora HI

Prosopis kuntzei Prosopis kuntzei US

Prosopis palmeri Prosopis palmeri US

Prosopis reptans var. reptans Prosopis reptans var. reptans US

Prosopis rojasiana Prosopis rojasiana US

Prosopis ruizlealii Prosopis ruizlealii US

Prosopis ruscifolia Prosopis ruscifolia US

Prosopis sericantha Prosopis sericantha US

Prosopis strombulifera Prosopis strombulifera US

Prosopis torquate Prosopis torquata US

Punagrass Stipa brachychaeta (a synonym 

of Amelichloa brachychaeta and 

Achnatherum brachychaetum)

AZ and CA

Puncturevine (Goathead) Tribulus terrestris AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IA, MI, 

NE, NV, TX, UT, WA, and WY

Purslane, common Portulaca oleracea AZ

Quackgrass Agropyron repens FL, IA, and WI
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Quackgrass Elymus repens subsp. repens CA, GA, LA, ND, SD, UT, 

and WA

Quackgrass Elytrigia repens (Agropyron

repens and Elytrigia repens 

var. repens are synonyms of 

Elymus repens subsp. repens)

AK, AL, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE,

HI, ID, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, 

ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, 

NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, OH, OK, 

OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, 

VA, VT, WV, and WY

Queen Anne’s Lace - Shown 

as (Carrot, wild)

Daucus carota IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, 

and WV

Radish, wild Raphanus raphanistrum AK, CT, FL, GA, ME, MA, MI,

MN, MS, NH, NC, RI, SC, 

TX, VT, WA, and WI

Radish, wild Raphanus spp. AL and VA

Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia OR

Ragweed bur - Shown as 

(Povertyweed, woollyleaf)

Franseria tomentosa 

(Franseria tomentosa is a 

synonym of Ambrosia grayi)

CO

Ragweed, giant Ambrosia trifida CA, DE, NJ, and WI

Ragweed, bur or 

(Povertyweed, woollyleaf)

Ambrosia grayi CO

Ragweed, perennial (Ragweed,

Western)

Ambrosia psilostachya ID, WA, and WY

Ragweeds See bursage,

povertyweed, and sumpweed.

Ambrosia spp. HI

Ragwort, narrow-leaf Senecio inaequidens US

Ragwort, Oxford Senecio squalidus CA

Ragwort, South African Senecio inaequidens US

Ragwort, tansy Jacobaea vulgaris WA

Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea (a synonym of

Jacobaea vulgaris)

AZ, CA, ID, MT, and OR

Rape, bird See charlock, mustard, 

and turnip

Brassica campestris (a synonym 

of Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera)

AZ, IL, and NE

Raspberry, hill Rubus niveus HI

Raspberry, Molucca Rubus sieboldii HI

Raspberry, yellow Himalayan Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus 

(a synonym of Rubus ellipticus)

HI

Rattlebox, red Sesbania punicea CA

Rattlepod - Shown as (Crotalaria) Crotalaria spp. AL, AR, GA, and MS

Rattlepod, long-beaked Crotalaria longirostrata HI

Ravennagrass Saccharum ravennae CA

Redtop Agrostis gigantea DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, 

and WV

Reed, common Phragmites australis NE, MO, and UT

Reed, common Phragmites australis ssp.

australis

MT
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Reed, giant Arundo donax CA, UT, and NV

Resinbush, sweet Euryops subcarnosus subsp.

vulgaris

AZ

Restharrow, foxtail Ononis alopecuroides CA

Rhodomyrtus, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa HI

Rice, red Oryza longistaminata US

Rice, red Oryza punctata US

Rice, red Oryza rufipogon CA, GA, and US

Rice, red Oryza sativa (var.) AR, FL, and SC

Rice, red Oryza spp. LA, MS, and TX

Rocket, dame's Hesperis matronalis CO and UT

Rocket, yellow See wintercress Barbarea vulgaris CT, ME, MI, and NH

Rose, multiflora Rosa multiflora PA

Rosemyrtle, downy Rhodomyrtus tomentosa HI

Rubus fruticosus (complex) Rubus plicatus US

Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus US

Rue, African or (Syrian rue) Peganum harmala AZ, CO, NV, and UT

Rush, flowering Butomus umbellatus MT

Russianthistle, barbwire Salsola paulsenii CA

Russianthistle, common Salsola tragus CA

Russianthistle, spinelss 

or (tumbleweed)

Salsola collina CA

Rye, feral Secale cereale L. subsp. cereale WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Rye, medusahead See 

medusahead

Ryegrass, Persian See darnel

Safflower, wild Carthamus oxyacantha US

Sage, meadow Salvia virgata CA

Sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis CA, CO, NV, and UT

Salsola, wormleaf Salsola vermiculata US

Saltbush, river or (Saltbush, swamp) Atriplex amnicola CA

Saltcedar or (Chinese tamarisk) Tamarix chinensis CA

Saltcedar or (French tamarisk) Tamarix gallica CA

Saltcedar Tamarix parviflora and 

T. ramosissima

CA, CO and NE

Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima CA, CO, NE and UT

Saltcedar (Tamarisk) Tamarix spp. MT, ND, NV, and WY

Salt-tree, Russian Halimodendron halodendron CA

Saltwort, Damascus Salsola damascena (a 

synonym of S. vermiculata)

CA

Saltwort, Mediterranean Salsola vermiculata US

Salvation jane Echium plantagineum WY

Salvinia, giant Salvinia auriculata CA and US

Salvinia, giant Salvinia biloba US

Salvinia, giant Salvinia herzogii US

Salvinia, giant Salvinia molesta AZ, NV, and US
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Sandbur Cenchrus pauciflorus (a 

synonym of Cenchrus spinifex)

AZ, GA, NV, and SC

Sandbur Cenchrus spp. NC

Sandbur, coast or (Sandbur, field) Cenchrus incertus AZ, CA, WA, and WY

Sandbur, mat (Sandbur, longspine) Cenchrus longispinus CA, CO and WY

Sandbur, southern Cenchrus echinatus AZ and CA

Sandvine See milkweed

Saramatta grass Ischaemum rugosum US

Satintail, Brazilian Imperata brasiliensis US

Sensitiveplant, giant Mimosa invisa (synonym of 

M. diplotricha)

HI and US

Sensitiveplant, thorny Mimosa pigra HI and US

Sesbania, hemp (Coffeebean) 

or (Indigo, tall)

Sesbania exaltata AR and LA

Shattercane Sorghum bicolor OH and PA

Siamweed Chromolaena odorata HI

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia NC, OK, and TN

Sicklepod Cassia tora DE

Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia MD, MS, and VA

Sicklepod Senna tora AL

Silvergrass, Japanese Miscanthus floridulus HI

Skeletonweed, rush Chondrilla juncea AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, 

OR, UT, WA, and WY

Snakeroot, white Ageratina altissima HI

Sorghum See also columbus grass, 

johnsongrass, and sudangrass.

*** SEE INDIVIDUAL STATES 

FOR INTERPRETATIONS ***

Sorghum almum (Sorghum almum), 

(Sorgrass), or (Sorghum, species 

perennial)

Sorghum spp. AZ, CA, DE, MD, NJ, NV, 

SC, UT, VA, and WA 

Sorghum almum (columbus grass) Sorghum × Almum CO, GA, HI, KY, MS, MO,

OH, SC, TN, UT, and VA

Sorghum almum - Shown 

as Sorghum almum

Sorghum halepense AL, CA, CO, FL, IL, IN, 

KS, MI, MS, PA, and TX

Sorrels or Docks Rumex spp. WA

Sorrel (sheep or red) See dock. Rumex acetosella AL, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, 

MO, NE, OK, SC

Sowthistle, perennial Sonchus arvensis AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, ID,

IL, IN, IA, KS, ME, MA, MI, 

MN, MT, ND, NH, NV, OH,

OR, PA, RI, SD, VT, WA, WV,

WI, and WY

Spearhead Rhynchospora spp. LA

Spikenard, wild Hyptis suaveolens (a synonym of

Mesosphaerum suaveolens)

HI

Spongeplant, American Limnobium spongia CA
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Spongeplant, South American Limnobium laevigatum CA

Sprangletop, Asian or 

(Chinese sprangletop)

Leptochloa chinensis (a 

synonym of Dinebra chinensis)

CA and US

Spurge, carnation or 

(Geraldton carnation spurge)

Euphorbia terracina CA

Spurge, cypress Euphorbia cyparissias CO

Spurge, grassleaf Euphorbia graminea CA

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia esula AK, AZ, CO, HI, ID, IL, IA, MI, 

MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NY,

ND, OH, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, 

and WY

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia pseudovirgata 

(synonym of E. esula)

SD

Spurge, leafy Euphorbia virgata (a 

synonym of E. esula)

CA

Spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites CO and UT

Spurge, oblong Euphorbia oblongata CA

Spurge, serrate or saw-toothed Euphorbia serrata CA and HI

Spurge, tree Euphorbia dendroides CA

St. Johnswort, Canary Island Hypericum canariense CA

St. Johnswort (Common St. 

Johnswort), (Goatweed), or 

(Klamathweed)

Hypericum perforatum CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,

UT, and WA, WY` 

Star-mustard Coincya monensis CA

Star endive or (Star hawkbit) Rhagadiolus stellatus CA

Starthistle, Malta Centaurea melitensis NV, OR, and UT

Starthistle, purple Centaurea calcitrapa AZ, CA, NV, OR, UT, WA,

and WY

Starthistle, yellow (St. 

Barnaby’s thistle) 

Centaurea solstitialis AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MO, MT,

ND, NV, OR, UT, WA, WV,

and WY

Starthistle, Iberian Centaurea iberica AZ, CA, NV, and OR

Starthistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea AZ

Stinkweed Dittrichia graveolens CA

Sudangrass, perennial sweet-type -

hybrids derived therefrom or 

rhizomatous derivatives of S. 

almum and S. halepense or seed 

indistinguishable from 

johnsongrass. See also columbus 

grass, johnsongrass, and sorghum.)

Sorghum spp. AL, AZ, DE, IL, KS, KY, 

MD, MI, MS, PA, SC, and VA 

Sugarcane, wild Saccharum spontaneum US

Sumpweed, poverty (Povertyweed)

or (Povertyweed, mouse-ear)

Iva axillaris CA, CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Sunflower, wild Helianthus annuus IA

Sunn Hemp Crotalaria juncea AL

Swainsonpea See Peaweed, Austrian Swainsona salsula 

Sphaerophysa salsula

ID and WY
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Swampweed, East Indian Hygrophila polysperma CA abd US

Swinecress Lepidium coronopus (a synonym 

of Coronopus squamatus)

CA

Tamarisk (Saltcedar) Tamarix spp. MT

Tanglehead Heteropogon contortus CA

Tansy, Common (Tansy) Tanacetum vulgare MT and WY

Tarweed, coast Madia sativa CO

Teatree, broadleaf Melaleuca quinquenervia US

Terongan Solanum torvum HI and US

Thistle, artichoke Cynara cardunculus CA

Thistle, blessed Cnicus benedictus (a synonym of

Centaurea benedicta)

AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, and 

TX

Thistle, blessed milk Silybum marianum TX

Thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare CA, CO, MI, MN, and PA

Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense AL, AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE,

DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, 

KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, 

MS, MO, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NV, 

NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, 

RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY

Thistle, golden Scolymus hispanicus CA

Thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus CA, OR

Thistle, Italian Carduus tenuiflorus CA

Thistle, Japanese Cirsium japonicum CA

Thistle, musk (Thistle, nodding) Carduus nutans CA, CO, ID, MI, MN, MO,

NE, NV, ND, OH, OK, OR, 

PA, SD, UT, and WY

Thistle, onopordum Onopordum spp. CA

Thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides AZ, CA, CO, MI, MN, NE, SD,

UT, and WY

Thistle, plumeless Carduus spp. DE, MD, TN, HI, and VA

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali HI

Thistle, Russian Salsola kali var. tenuifolia 

(as a synonym of S. australis, 

S. pestifer, and S. tragus)

AZ

Thistle, Russian Salsola pestifer (synonym of 

S. tragus)

MO

Thistle, Scotch Onopordum tauricum CO

Thistle, Scotch (Thistle, cotton) Onopordum acanthium AZ, CO, ID, NE, NV, OK, UT,

and WY

Thistle, Sicilian Centaurea sulphurea CA

Thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus OR

Thistle, smooth distaff Carthamus baeticus CA

Thistle, star See Starthistle

Thistle, wavyleaf Cirsium undulatum CA
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Thistle, welted Carduus crispus CA

Thistle, whitestem distaff Carthamus leucocaulos CA

Thistle, woolly distaff Carthamus lanatus CA

Thistle, yellowspine Cirsium ochrocentrum CA

Three-awns Aristida spp. HI

Tibouchina Tibouchina spp. HI

Tiger-pear Opuntia aurantiaca US

Timothy Phleum pratense DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria dalmatica CA, CO, MT, NV, OR, UT,

WA, and WY

Toadflax, Dalmatian Linaria genistifolia subsp.

dalmatica

AZ, ID, and ND

Toadflax, yellow Linaria vulgaris AK, CO, ID, ND, NV, UT, WA, 

and WY

Torpedograss Panicum repens AZ and HI

Tocalote Centaurea melitensis CA

Treacle Erysimum spp. KS

Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima CA

Tropical chickweed, whitesnow Drymaria cordata CA

Tropical soda apple Solanum viarum AL, AZ, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, 

SC, TX, and US

Turkeyberry Solanum torvum HI and US

Turnip See also charlock, 

mustard, & rape

Turnip, wild Brassica spp. AL, FL, GA (except B. napus 

var. biennis and B. rapa var. 

rapa), LA, MS, SC, TN, and 

TX

Turnip, wild Sinapis spp. LA and TX

Turnip, wild - Shown as (Charlock) 

or as (Mustard, wild)

Sinapis arvensis CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA,

and WI

Turnip, wild - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis WA

Tussock, nasella Stipa trichotoma (Synonym of

Nassella trichotoma)

HI

Tussock, serrated 

(Nassella trichotoma)

Nassella trichotoma AL, AZ, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL,

MD, MI, MO, MS, NE, NC, 

NH, OH, OK, OR, SC, TX, VT, 

VA, WA, WV, WY, and US

Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Velvetleaf (Butterprint) Abutilon theophrasti CO, KS, IA, MI, NC, VT,

WA, and WI

Ventenata grass (Africa grass, north) Ventenata dubia MT, UT, and WY (refer WY pg. 

for details)
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Vetch, tufted Vicia cracca AK

Vipergrass, cutleaf Scorzonera laciniata UT

Wandering-Jew Commelina benghalensis US

Wartcress, creeping Coronopus squamatus 

(a synonym of 

Lepidium coronopus)

AZ

Water-chestnut Trapa natans AZ

Waterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatus WI

Water-hyacinth, anchored Eichhornia azurea AZ and US

Water-hyacinth, floating Eichhornia crassipes AZ

Water-lily, banana Nymphaea mexicana CA

Watermilfoil, Eurasian Myriophyllum spicatum MT and NV

Water-primrose, Uruguayan Ludwigia grandiflora ssp. 

hexapetala (a synonyms of 

L. hexapetala)

CA

Water-primrose, wing Ludwigia decurrens CA

Water-spinach Ipomoea aquatica US

Watersprite Ceratopteris thalictroides CA

Water-thyme Hydrilla verticillata US

Water-velvet Azolla pinnata US

Wattle, Black Acacia mearnsii HI

Whitetop See ballcress, cress, 

hoarycress, pepercress, 

peppergrass, and 

pepperweed.

Whitetop Cardaria draba var. or 

Cardaria pubescens (Cardaria 

pubescens is a synonym of 

Lepidium appelianum)

OR

Whitetop Lepidium draba WY

Whitetop (Globe-potted hoary 

cress), (Hairy whitetop), (hoary 

cress), (whitetop) and its 

varieties. See ballcress, 

peppercress, and peppergrass.

Cardaria pubescens AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, NV, NM,

ND, and OR

Whitetop (heart-podded hoary 

cress), (hoary cress), (hoarycress), 

or (perennial peppergrass)

Cardaria draba (a synonym of

Lepidium draba) 

AK, CA, CO, HI, IL, IA, MI, MO, 

MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD, and 

WA

Whitetop (hoary cress) or 

(lens- podded hoary cress) 

Cardaria chalepensis (Cardaria 

chalepensis is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis)

CA and NV

Whitetop (hoarycress, heart-podded) Lepidium draba sub. draba OH

Whitetop - Shown as (Hoary cress) Cardaria draba subsp. draba ID

Whitetop - Shown as (hoary cress) Lepidium repens (Lepidium 

repens is a synonym of 

Cardariadraba subsp. 

chalepensis)

ND
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Common name (may be shown as) Scientific name States (US = Federal)

Whitetop - Shown as (hoarycress) Cardaria draba var. repens 

(Cardaria draba var. repens 

is a synonym of Cardaria 

draba subsp. chalepensis)

AZ

Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens) 

- Shown as (Hairy whitetop)

Lepidium appelianum OH and WA

Whitetop (Lepidium draba sub.

Draba) - Shown as 

(Perennial peppergrass)

Lepidium draba (Lepidium

draba is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba)

IN and MN

Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) Shown 

as (Peppergrass, perennial)

Lepidium draba IN and MN

Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) Lepidium latifolium AK, CO, and UT

Wintercress, bitter See rocket Barbarea vulgaris IN

Witchweed Striga asiatica NC and SC

Witchweed Striga lutea CA

Witchweed Striga spp. AZ, HI, and US

Woad, dyers Isatis tinctoria AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, OR, NV, 

UT, WA, and WY

Wormwood, absinth Artemisia absinthium ND

Woundwort Stachys palustris ME

Wrinkled grass Ischaemum rugosum US

Yellowcress, creeping Rorippa sylvestris CA

Yerba de tajo Eclipta alba (Eclipta alba is 

a synonym of Eclipta 

prostrata)

OK
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APPENDIX B

Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Abutilon theophrasti Butterprint (velvetleaf) CO, IA, KS, MI, NC, VT,

and WA

Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf (Butterprint) CO, KS, IA, MI, NC, VT,

WA, and WI

Acacia mearnsii Wattle, Black HI

Acacia paradoxa Wattle, kangaroo (Kangaroo thorn) CA

Acaena anserinifolia Bronze piri-piri CA

Acaena novae-zelandiae Bur, New Zealand (Piripiri) 

or (Biddy biddy)

CA and HI

Acaena pallida Biddy-biddy, pale CA

Achnatherum brachychaetum 

(a synonym of Stipa 

brachychaeta and Amelichloa 

brachychaeta)

Punagrass CA

Acanthospermum hispidum Bur, star HI

Anchusa arvensis Bugloss, small UT

Acroptilon repens (a synonym of

Rhaponticum repens)

Knapweed, Russian AZ, CO, HI, ID, IA, MT, NV, OH,

OR, and WY

Aegilops cylindrica Goatgrass, jointed AZ, CA, CO, ID, KS, MT, OK, 

UT, WA, and WY

Aegilops geniculate (a synonym

of Aegilops ovata)

Goatgrass, ovate CA

Aegilops spp. Goatgrass or (Goatgrass, jointed) AL, NM, OR, and TX

Aegilops triuncialis Goatgrass, barb CA, HI and NV

Aeginetia spp. Aeginetia spp. US

Aeschynomene indica Jointvetch, Indian (Kat sola) HI and LA

Aeschynomene spp. Indigo, curly or (Jointvetch) AR and CA

Aeschynomene virginica -

Aeschynomene virginica is a 

synonym of Aeschynomene 

indica L.

Indigo, curly LA

Ageratina adenophora Croftonweed HI and US

Ageratina adenophora Pamakani, Maui HI and US

Ageratina altissima Snakeroot, white HI

Ageratina riparia Croftonweed, creeping 

(Pamakani, Hamakua)

HI

Agropyron repens (a synonym of

Elymus repens subsp. repens)

Quackgrass FL, IA, and WI

Agrostemma githago Corncockle AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY,

LA, ME, MD, MA, MS, NH, NJ,

NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, 

TX, VT, and WV

Agrostis gigantea Redtop DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Agrostis spp. Bentgrass (Colonial, 

Creeping, Velvet, Redtop)

DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven CA

Alectra spp. Alectra spp. US

Alhagi camelorum - Alhagi 

camelorum and Alhagi 

pseudalhagi are synonyms 

of Alhagi maurorum

Camelthorn ID, NM, and OR

Alhagi maurorum Camelthorn AZ, CA, HI, UT, WA, and WY

Alhagi pseudalhagi -

Alhagi camelorum and 

Alhagi pseudalhagi are 

synonyms of Alhagi 

maurorum

Camelthorn CO, and NV

Alliaria petiolate Mustard, garlic UT

Allium canadense Onion, wild DC, FL, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI, 

MO, NH, NJ, OH, PA, and RI

Allium paniculatum Onion, panicled CA

Allium spp. Garlic, wild or (Onion, wild) AL, AR, DE, GA, KS, KY,

LA, MA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, 

TX, VT and VA

Allium vineale Garlic, wild or (Onion wild) CA, DC, HI, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI,

MO, NH, NJ, OH, OR, PA, RI,

and WV

Alopecurus myosuroides Blackgrass WA

Alopecurus myosuroides Foxtail, slender WA

Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed AZ and CA

Alternanthera sessilis Joyweed, sessile CA and US

Alternanthera sessilis Periquito-sessil US

Amaranthus palmeri Amaranth, Palmer IA, OH, MN, MT, ND, SD, TN, 

WA, and WI

Amaranthus spp. Amaranth seed, Palmer amaranth,

Waterhemp, or any pigweed seed

GA and IN (refer IN pg. for

details)

Amaranthus tuberculatus Waterhemp WI

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed OR

Ambrosia discolor - Ambrosia 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa

Bur-sage skeleton-leaf NE

Ambrosia grayi Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, 

bur)

CO

Ambrosia grayi Ragweed, bur or 

(Povertyweed, woollyleaf)

CO

Ambrosia psilostachya Ragweed, perennial (Ragweed,

Western)

ID, WA, and WY

Ambrosia spp. Ragweeds See bursage, povertyweed, 

and sumpweed.

HI

Ambrosia tomentosa Bur-sage skeleton-leaf ID and WY
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Ambrosia tomentosa Bur-sage woolly-leaf (Woolly-leaf 

Bur-sage is a common name for 

Ambrosia grayi) See ragweed, and 

woolly-leaf povertyweed

NE

Ambrosia tomentosa Povertyweed, silverleaf (Bursage woolly-leaf)CO and NE

Ambrosia trifida Ragweed, giant CA, DE, NJ, and WI

Andropogon bicornis Foxtail, West Indian HI

Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge HI

Anoda cristata Anoda, spurred CO, DE, MD, NJ, and NC

Anthemis arvensis Chamomile, scentless CO

Anthemis cotula Chamomile, Mayweed NV

Araujia sericifera Bladder-flower CA

Arctium minus Burdock, common CO and WY

Arctotheca calendula Capeweed CA

Ardisia elliptica Ardisia, shoebutton HI

Aristida spp. Three-awns HI

Artemisia absinthium Wormwood, absinth ND

Arundo donax Reed, giant CA, NV, and UT

Asclepias spp. Milkweeds HI

Asphodelus fistulosus Onionweed CA and US

Astragalus spp. Locoweeds HI

Atriplex Amnicola Saltbush, river (Saltbush, swamp) CA

Avena barbata Oat, slender MO

Avena fatua Oat, wild *** SEE OK AND TX 

FOR INTERPRETATIONS ***

AZ, AK, CO, ID, KS, MI, MO,

MT, NM, ND, OK, SC, SD, TX, 

UT, WA, WI, and WY

Avena sterilis (including 

Avena ludoviciana)

Oat, wild US

Azolla pinnata Azolla, ferny US

Azolla pinnata Fern, mosquito US

Azolla pinnata Water-velvet US

Barbarea vulgaris Rocket, yellow See wintercress CT, ME, MI, and NH

Barbarea vulgaris Wintercress, bitter See rocket IN

Bassia prostrata Kochia, Forage OH

Bassia scoparia Kochia OH

Berteroa incana Alyssum, hoary CA, MI, MN, MT, and WI

Bocconia frutescens Poppy, plume HI

Bothriochloa bladhii Bluestem, Causasian KS

Bothriochloa ischaemum Bluestem, yellow KS

Brachypodium sylvaticum False brome (Slender false-brome) CA

Brassica arvensis - Brassica 

arvensis is a synonym of 

Sinapis arvensis

Charlock (Mustard, wild), (Charlock, 

English) See also charlock, rape, and 

turnip.

IN, MA, NE, OH, SD, and WV
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Brassica campestris (a synonym 

of Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera)

Rape, bird See charlock, mustard, 

and turnip

AZ, IL, and NE

Brassica elongata Mustard, elongated UT

Brassica juncea Mustard, India (Mustard, Indian) AK, AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, 

PA, SD, and WV

Brassica kaber Mustard, wild See also charlock, 

rape, and turnip.

AK, CO, IL, NV, OH, and SD

Brassica kaber - Brassica kaber

is a synonym of Sinapis arvensis

Charlock - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

AK, CO, IL, OH, and SD

Brassica nigra (AZ shows as

Brassica niger)

Mustard, black AZ, CO, IL, MA, MI, NE, PA,

SD, and WA

Brassica rapa Mustard, field AZ

Brassica spp. Charlock - Shown as (Mustard, 

wild), (Mustards, wild) or 

(Turnips, wild)

AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA, IL, KS,

LA, ME, MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, 

RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA

Brassica spp. Mustard, wild See also charlock, 

rape, and turnip.

AL, AZ, CT, FL, GA (except B.

napus var. biennis and B. rapa 

var. rapa), IL, KS, LA, ME, 

MA, MS, NE, NH, NC, OK, RI, 

SC, TN, TX, VT, and VA

Brassica spp. Turnip, wild AL, FL, GA (except B. napus 

var. biennis and B. rapa var. 

rapa), LA, MS, SC, TN, and TX

Brassica tournefortii Mustard, Sahara (Mustard, African) NV and UT

Bromus commutatus Chess, hairy AL, AR, FL, GA, KS, LA, MS, 

SC, TN, and TX

Bromus diandrus Roth. var. 

rigidus (Roth) Sales

Brome, ripgut WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Bromus japonicus Thunb. Brome, Japanese WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Bromus secalinus Cheat AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KS, LA, 

MS, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, and

WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Bromus tectorum L. Brome, downy WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Buglossoides arvensis Gromwell WA (only in small grain)

Butomus umbellatus Rush, flowering MT

Cabomba caroliniana Fanwort, Carolina CA

Calonyction muricatum (a 

synonym of Ipomoea 

muricata)

Moonflower, (moonflower, 

purple) or (Morningglory, giant) 

AL, MO, OK, and SC

Calystegia sepium (a synonym of

Convolvulus sepium)

Bindweed, hedge KS and LA

Cannabis sativa Hemp (Marijuana) MN, MS, and PA

Cannabis sativa Marijuana (Hemp) MN, MS, and PA

Caperonia castaneifolia Mexicanweed LA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Cardaria chalepensis - synonym 

of Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba 

subsp. chalepensis) – or shown 

as Lens- podded hoary cress

AZ, NV, and UT

Cardaria chalepensis (Cardaria 

chalepensis is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis)

Whitetop (hoary cress) or 

(lens- podded hoary cress) 

NV

Cardaria draba Cress, hoary (Heart-podded hoary 

cress), (Hoary cress), (Hoarycress), 

(Perennial peppergrass) or (Whitetop)

AK, CO, HI, IA, IL, MI,

MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, OK,

and SD

Cardaria draba Hoarycress (whitetop, globepodded), (Heart-podded hoarycress), 

(Hoary cress), (Perennial

peppergrass), or (Whitetop)

AK, AZ, CO, HI, IL, MI,

MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD,

UT, and WA

Cardaria draba Peppergrass, perennial (Heartpodded hoary cress), (Hoary 

cress), (Hoarycress), (Cress, 

hoary), or (Whitetop)

AK, CO, HI, IA, IL, MI,

MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, OH, 

OK, SD, and WA 

Cardaria draba Whitetop (heart-podded hoary cress), 

(hoary cress), (hoarycress), or

(perennial peppergrass)

AK, CO, HI, IL, IA, MI,

MO, MT, NE, NV, ND, OK, SD,

WA, and WY

Cardaria draba subsp. draba Cress, hoary - Shown as (Whitetop) ID

Cardaria draba subsp. draba Hoarycress (Hoary cress) and 

(Whitetop)

ID

Cardaria draba subsp. draba Peppergrass, perennial (Hoary 

cress) or (Whitetop)

ID and WY

Cardaria draba subsp. draba Whitetop - Shown as (Hoary cress) ID and WY

Cardaria draba var. or Cardaria 

pubescens (Cardaria pubescens 

is a synonym of Lepidium 

appelianum)

Whitetop OR

Cardaria draba var. repens Cress, hoary - Shown as

(hoarycress)

AZ

Cardaria draba var. repens 

(Cardaria draba var. repens 

is a synonym of Cardaria 

draba subsp. chalepensis)

Whitetop - Shown as (hoarycress) AZ

Cardaria pubescens Ballcress (Globe-potted hoary cress), 

(Hairy whitetop), (hoary cress), 

(whitetop) and its varieties. See 

ballcress, peppercress, perenial

peppergrass, and whitetop.

AK, AZ, ND, NV, and OH
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Cardaria pubescens Hoarycress (Globe-potted hoary 

cress), (Hairy whitetop), (hoary 

cress), (whitetop) and its 

varieties. See ballcress,

peppercress,

peppergrass, and whitetop.

AK, AZ, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND, 

OR, UT, and WA 

Cardaria pubescens Whitetop (Globe-potted hoary cress), 

(Hairy whitetop), (hoary cress), 

(whitetop) and its varieties.

See ballcress, peppercress, and 

peppergrass.

AK, AZ, CO, HI, NV, NM, ND,

and OR 

Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloonvine AL, AR, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA,

MD, MS, MO, NC, OK, SC, TN,

TX, and VA

Carduus acanthoides Thistle, plumeless AZ, CA, CO, MI, MN, NE, SD,

UT, and WY

Carduus crispus Thistle, welted CA

Carduus nutans Thistle, musk (Thistle, nodding) CA, CO, ID, MI, MN, MO, NE,

NV, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD,

UT, and WY

Carduus pycnocephalus Thistle, Italian OR

Carduus pycnocephalus Thistle, slender-flowered CA

Carduus spp. Thistle, plumeless DE, MD, TN, HI, and VA

Carduus tenuiflorus Thistle, Italian CA

Carduus tenuiflorus Thistle, slenderflower OR

Carthamus baeticus Thistle, smooth distaff CA

Carthamus lanatus Thistle, woolly distaff CA

Carthamus leucocaulos Thistle, whitestem distaff CA

Carthamus oxyacantha Safflower, wild US

Cassia obtusifolia Sicklepod NC, OK, and TN

Cassia tora Sicklepod DE

Cenchrus echinatus Sandbur, southern AZ and CA

Cenchrus incertus Sandbur, coast or (Sandbur, field) AZ, CA, WA, and WY

Cenchrus longispinus Sandbur, mat (Sandbur, longspine) CA, CO and WY

Cenchrus pauciflorus (a synonym 

of Cenchrus spinifex)

Sandbur AZ, NV, and SC

Cenchrus spinifex Sandbur, field GA

Cenchrus spp. Sandbur NC

Centaurea benedicta Thistle, blessed GA and TX

Centaurea calcitrapa Starthistle, purple AZ, CA, NV, OR, UT, WA, and 

WY

Centaurea cyanus Cornflower NC

Centaurea diffusa Knapweed, diffuse AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, 

NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY

Centaurea iberica Starthistle, Iberian AZ, CA, NV, and OR
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Centaurea jacea Knapweed, brown WA

Centaurea jacea × nigra Knapweed, meadow WA

Centaurea jacea s.l. (including 

Centaurea pratensis)

Knapweed, meadow CA

Centaurea macrocephala Knapweed, bighead WA

Centaurea maculosa (a synonym 

of Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

australis)

Knapweed, spotted AZ, CO, ID, MI, MT, NE, NV, 

OR, SD, UT, and WI 

Centaurea melitensis Starthistle, Malta NV, OR, and UT

Centaurea melitensis Tocalote CA

Centaurea x moncktonii Knapweed, meadow WY

Centaurea nigra Knapweed, black CO, WA, and WY

Centaurea nigrescens Knapweed, Vochin WA

Centaurea picris (Centaurea 

picris, Centaurea repens, and 

Acroptilon repens are synonyms 

of Rhaponticum repens)

Knapweed, Russian IL, MI, OH, OK, SC, UT, and 

WI

Centaurea repens (Centaurea 

picris, Centaurea repens, and 

Acroptilon repens are synonyms 

of Rhaponticum repens)

Knapweed, Russian AK, CO, CT, ID, MT, NE, NM, 

OK, SD, TX, and UT

Centaurea solstitialis Starthistle, yellow (St. Barnaby’s 

thistle)

AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MO, MT,

ND, NV, OR, UT, WA, WV,

and WY

Centaurea squarrosa 

(Centaurea squarrose is a 

synonym of Centaurea virgata 

subsp. squarrosa)

Knapweed, squarrose AZ and WY

Centaurea stoebe (a synonym of

Centaurea maculosa)

Knapweed, spotted CA

Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

micranthos (a synonym of 

Centaurea stoebe subsp. 

australis)

Knapweed, spotted ND, WA, and WY

Centaurea sulphurea Starthistle, Sicilian AZ and CA

Centaurea virgata (Centaurea 

virgata is a synonym of 

Centaurea virgata subsp.

squarrosa)

Knapweed, squarrose CA, CO, NV, OR, UT, and WY

Cereus uruguayanus (a synonym 

of Cereus hildmannianus subsp. 

uruguayanus)

Cactus, spiny tree HI

Ceratopteris thalictroides Water sprite CA

Cereus uruguayanus Peruvian apple HI

Chondrilla juncea Skeletonweed, rush AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, 

UT, WA, and WY
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Chorispora tenella Mustard, purple CA

Chromolaena odorata Bitterbush HI

Chromolaena odorata Siamweed HI

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - Daisy, ox-eye CO, HI, IL, IN, KS, and KY

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

is a synonym of Leucanthemum 

vulgare.

UT, and WV

Chrysopogon aciculatus Amorseco US

Chrysopogon aciculatus Love grass US

Chrysopogon aciculatus Pilipiliula US

Cicuta maculate Hemlock, water NV

Cirsium arvense Thistle, Canada AL, AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE,

DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA,

KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI,

MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NH, NJ,

NV, NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, 

PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, 

VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY

Cirsium japonicum Thistle, Japanese CA

Cirsium ochrocentrum Thistle, yellow-spine CA

Cirsium undulatum Thistle, wavyleaf CA

Cirsium vulgare Thistle, bull CA, CO, MI, MN, and PA

Clematis orientalis Clematis, Chinese CO

Clidemia hirta var. hirta Curse, Koster's HI

Cnicus benedictus (a synonym of

Centaurea benedicta)

Thistle, blessed AL, FL, MS, NC, and SC

Coccinia grandis Gourd, ivy HI

Coincya monensis Star-mustard CA

Commelina benghalensis Dayflower (Dayflower, Benghal) FL and US

Commelina benghalensis Kanchura US

Commelina benghalensis Wandering-Jew US

Conium maculatum Hemlock, poison CO, ID, IA, NV, OH, UT, and WY

Conium maculatum Poison – Hemlock (Hemlock, poison) CO, ID, IA, OH, and WY

Convolvulus arvensis Bindweed (field Bindweed), 

(Morningglory, European), 

and (Morningglory, wild) 

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN,

IA, KS, LA, MA, ME, MD, MI, 

MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV,

NH, NJ, NM, NC, ND, OH, OR,

PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, 

VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Convolvulus arvensis Morningglory, European 

(Bindweed), (Field bindweed) 

or (Morningglory, wild) 

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IA, IL,

IN, LA, MD, MA, ME, MI, 

MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, 

NJ, NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, 

PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY

Convolvulus sepium -

Convolvulus sepium is a 

synonym of Calystegia sepium

Bindweed, hedge AL, AR, GA, HI, LA, MI,

MS, MO, NJ, NC, ND, OH, OK, 

PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, and WA

Convolvulus spp. Bindweed UT

Coronopus squamatus (a 

synonym of Lepidium coronopus)

Wartcress, creeping (Swine cress) AZ and CA

Cortaderia jubata Cortaderia jubata – Shown as 

(Jubata grass)

CA and HI

Crotalaria juncea Sunn Hemp AL

Crotalaria longirostrata Crotalaria - Shown as 

(Rattlepod, long-beaked)

HI

Crotalaria longirostrata Rattlepod, long-beaked HI

Crotalaria mucronata -

Crotalaria mucronata is a 

synonym of Crotalaria pallida

Crotalaria FL

Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria, smooth NC

Crotalaria spectabilis Crotalaria (Crotalaria, showy) FL, HI, NC, and TN

Crotalaria spp. Crotalaria AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria spp. Rattlepod - Shown as (Crotalaria) AL, AR, GA, and MS

Crotalaria striata - Crotalaria 

striata is a synonym of 

Crotalaria pallida

Crotalaria FL

Crupina vulgaris Creeper, bearded (Common 

crupina) or (Crupina vulgaris)

CA, ID, OR, WY, and US

Crupina vulgaris Crupina, common (Bearded 

creeper) or (Crupina vulgaris)

CA, ID, NV, OR, US, UT, and 

WY

Cucumis melo var. dudaim 

(Cucumis melo var. dudaim is a 

synonym of Cucumis melo subsp.

melo var. chito)

Melon, dudaim (Queen Anne’s 

melon) 

AZ and CA

Cucumis myriocarpus Melon, gooseberry – Shown 

as (Melon, paddy)

CA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Cuscuta spp. Dodder AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE,

FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS,

KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI,

MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, 

NH, NJ, NM, NC, ND except 

coryli, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, 

SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WI, and WY

Cymbopogon refractus Barbwire grass HI

Cynanchum laeve Milkweed, climbing KS

Cynara cardunculus Thistle, artichoke CA

Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 

(Bermudagrass, giant) 

AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, LA, MD, 

NJ, NC, SC, UT, VA, and WV 

Cynodon dactylon var. aridus Bermudagrass, giant DC

Cynodon spp. Bermudagrass (Common and giant) DE, MS, NJ, PA, TX, and VA

Cynoglossum officinale Houndstongue CO, MT, ND, NV, UT, and WY

Cyperus esculentus Nutsedge, yellow (Nutgrass) AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, GA (tuber

and seed), LA, ME, MI, MS, 

NH, NM, NC, TN, and TX

Cyperus rotundus Nutsedge, purple (Nutgrass) AL, AZ, AR, CA, FL, GA (tuber

and seed), LA, MS, NM, NC, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Cyperus spp. Nutsedge tuber (Nutgrass) RI and TX

Cytisus monspessulanus 

(a synonym of Genista 

monspessulana)

Broom, French HI

Cytisus scoparius Broom, Scotch CA, MT, HI, and UT

Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Datura stramonium Jimsonweed MI, NC, and PA

Daucus carota Carrot, wild ID, IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, 

and WV

Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace - Shown 

as (Carrot, wild)

IL, IA, KS, MI, SD, TX, and 

WV

Delairea odorata (a synonym of

Senecio mikanioides)

Cape-ivy CA

Dichrostachys nutans 

(Dichrostachys nutans is 

a synonym of 

Dichrostachys cinerea)

Marabu HI

Digitaria ischaemum Crabgrass NV

Digitaria sanguinalis Crabgrass NV

Digitaria scalarum (a synonym 

of Digitaria abyssinica)

Couch grass, African US

Digitaria scalarum Finger grass, Abyssinian US
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Digitaria velutina Finger grass, (long-plume) (velvet) US

Diodia virginiana Buttonweed CA

Dittrichia graveolens Stinkweed CA

Drymaria arenarioides Alfombrilla AZ and US

Drymaria cordata Tropical chickweed, whitesnow CA

Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyardgrass AR

Echium plantagineum Salvation jane WY

Echium vulgare Blueweed (Bugloss, vipers) MT, UT, and WY

Eclipta alba (Eclipta alba is a 

synonym of Eclipta prostrata) 

Yerba de tajo OK

Egeria najas Anacharis CA

Eichhornia azurea Water-hyacinth, anchored AZ and US

Eichhornia crassipes Water-hyacinth, floating AZ

Elaeagnus angustifolia Olive, Russian UT and WY

Elephantopus mollis Elephant's foot HI

Elephantopus spp. Elephantopus HI

Elymus caputmedusae (a 

synonym of Taeniatherum caputmedusae subsp. caput-medusae)

Medusahead CA

Elymus caput-medusae (Elymus 

caput-medusae is a synonym of 

Taeniatherum caput-medusae 

subsp. caput-medusae)

Medusahead rye OR

Elymus repens subsp. repens Quackgrass CA, GA, LA, ND, SD, UT, and

WA

Elytrigia repens (a synonym of

Elymus repens subsp. repens)

Quackgrass AK, AL, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC,

DE, HI, ID, IL, IN, KY,

MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, 

MS, MT, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM,

OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, 

TN, TX, VA, VT, WV, and WY

Emex australis Emex HI and US

Emex spinosa Emex, spiny HI and US

Eriocereus martini (a synonym of

Harrisia martini)

Cactus, moon HI

Eriochloa villosa Cupgrass, woolly WI

Erysimum spp. Treacle KS

Euphorbia cyparissias Spurge, cypress CO

Euphorbia dendroides Spurge, tree CA

Euphorbia dentata (a synonym of

Euphorbia davidii)

Poinsettia, wild LA

Euphorbia esula Spurge, leafy AK, AZ, CO, HI, ID, IL, IA, MI, 

MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NY, ND, 

OH, OR, SD, UT, WA, WI, and 

WY
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Euphorbia graminea Spurge, grassleaf CA

Euphorbia davidii Poinsettia, wild LA

Euphorbia myrsinites Spurge, myrtle CO and UT

Euphorbia oblongata Spurge, oblong CA

Euphorbia pseudovirgata 

(synonym of E. esula)

Spurge, leafy SD

Euphorbia serrata Spurge, toothed (Spurge, serrate) CA and HI

Euphorbia terracina Spurge, carnation CA

Euphorbia virgata (a synonym of

Euphorbia esula)

Spurge, leafy CA

Euryops subcarnosus subsp.

Vulgaris

Resinbush, sweet AZ

Fallopia convolvulus Buckwheat, wild KS

Fallopia japonica Knotweed, Japanese CA, NE, and WY

Fallopia sachalinensis Knotweed, giant CA and NE

Fallopia ×bohemica (a synonym 

of Reynoutria ×bohemica and 

Polygonum ×bohemica)

Knotweed, Bohemian CA

Fatoua villosa Crabweed, hairy CA

Festuca arundinacea Fescue, tall DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Festuca pratensis Fescue, meadow DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, and 

WV

Franseria discolor Bur-sage skeleton-leaf WY

Franseria discolor - Franseria 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa

Bur-sage - Shown as (Povertyweed, 

silverleaf) or (Povertyweed)

CO and NM

Franseria discolor (Franseria 

discolor is a synonym of 

Ambrosia tomentosa)

Povertyseed, silverleaf (Bursage skeleton-leaf)

CO, NM, and WY

Franseria tomentosa Ragweed, bur KS

Franseria tomentosa (Franseria 

tomentosa is a synonym of 

Ambrosia grayi)

Povertyweed, woolyleaf (Ragweed, 

bur) See bursage, and ragweed.

CO and KS

Franseria tomentosa 

(Franseria tomentosa is a 

synonym of Ambrosia grayi)

Ragweed bur - Shown as 

(Povertyweed, woollyleaf)

CO

Galega officinalis Galega US

Galega officinalis Goat's-rue CA, NV, PA, US, and UT

Galeopsis tetrahit Hempnettle AK

Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga AK

Galium spp. Bedstraw CT, MA, NH, PA, VT, and WA

(in alfalfa only)

Galium tricorne Bedstraw OR
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Gaura spp. (a synonym of

Oenothera spp.)

Gaura HI

Grevillea banksia Kahiliflower HI

Genista monspessulana Broom, French CA

Glaucium corniculatum Poppy, red horned OK

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Licorice, wild WY

Grevillea banksia Grevillea, Bank's HI

Halimodendron halodendron Salt tree, Russian CA

Halogeton glomeratus Clustered Barilla Salt WA

Halogeton glomeratus Halogeton AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, NV, 

NM, OR, UT, WA, and WY

Helianthus annuus Sunflower, wild IA

Helianthus ciliaris Blueweed, Texas AZ, AR, CA, CO, GA, HI, 

KS, LA, NM, OK, SC, and TX

Heracleum mantegazzianum Cartwheel-flower US

Heracleum mantegazzianum Hogweed, giant OH, PA, and US

Hesperis matronalis Rocket, dame's CO and UT

Heteropogon contortus Tanglehead CA

Hibiscus trionum Mallow, Venice CO and WY

Hieracium aurantiacum (a 

synonym of Pilosella aurantiaca)

Hawkweed, orange AK, MT, and WY

Hieracium caespitosum (a 

synonym of Pilosella caespitosa)

Hawkweed, meadow MT

Hieracium praealturm Hawkweed, meadow MT

Hieracium floridundum Hawkweed, meadow MT

Hieracium spp. Hawkweed (Hawkweed 

complex, meadow)

WV

Holcus lanatus Velvetgrass DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA and

WV

Homeria spp. (a synonym of

Moraea spp.)

Cape-tulip US

Hydrilla verticillata Florida-elodea US

Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla AZ, CA, NV, and US

Hydrilla verticillata Water-thyme US

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit CA

Hygrophila polysperma Miramar-weed US

Hygrophila polysperma Swampweed, East Indian CA and US

Hyoscyamus niger Henbane, black CA, CO, ID, NV, UT, and WY

Hypericum canariense St. Johnswort, Canary Island CA

Hypericum perforatum Goatweed (Common St. Johnswort), 

(Klamathweed), or (St. Johnswort)

CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,

and WA, WY 

Hypericum perforatum Klamathweed (St. Johnswort) CA CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,

and WA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort (Common St. 

Johnswort), (Goatweed), or 

(Klamathweed)

CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, 

OR, UT, WA, and WY 

Hyptis pectinata (a synonym of

Mesophaerum pectinatum)

Hyptis, comb HI

Hyptis suaveolens (a synonym of

Mesophaerum suaveolens)

Spikenard, wild HI

Imperata brasiliensis Satintail, Brazilian US

Imperata cylindrica Cogongrass GA, HI, US, and UT

Ipomoea alba Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) GA

Ipomoea aquatica Morning-glory, swamp US

Ipomoea aquatica Water-spinach US

Ipomoea purpurea Morning glory (Morningglory, wild) NE (when found in field crop 

seed), OK and WV

Ipomoea spp. Moonflower (Morningglory) AZ (except I. carnea, I. 

aborescens, I. tribola, I. batatas, 

I. quamoclit, and I. noctiflora), 

AR, KS, LA, MI, MS, NE 

(when found in field crop seed), 

NM, NC, OK, and TX

Ipomoea triloba Morning-glory, three-lobed AZ

Ipomoea turbinata (a synonym of

Ipomoea muricata)

Moonflower (Morningglory, giant) AR, GA, KY, LA, and MS

Iris pseudacorus Iris, Yellow flag MT

Isatis tinctoria Woad, dyers AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, OR, 

NV, UT, WA, and WY

Ischaemum rugosum Duck-beak, wrinkled US

Ischaemum rugosum Murain grass US

Ischaemum rugosum Saramatta grass US

Ischaemum rugosum Wrinkled grass US

Iva axillaris Povertyweed, mouse-ear 

(Sumpweed, poverty)

CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Iva axillaris Sumpweed, poverty (Povertyweed)

or (Povertyweed, mouse-ear)

CO, ID, UT, WA, and WY

Jacobaea vulgaris Ragwort, tansy WA

Lactuca pulchella (a synonym of

Lactuca tatarica subsp. 

pulchella)

Lettuce, blue (blue 

flowering lettuce)

AK, CO, HI, ID, and WY

Lactuca tatarica subsp. pulchella Lettuce, blue CO, ID, WA, and WY

Lagarosiphon major Oxygen-weed CA and US

Lagascea mollis Acuate HI

Lappula echinata (Lappula 

echinata is a synonym of 

Lappula squarrosa)

Blue burr AK

Lepidium appelianum Ballcress (hairy whitetop) OH
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Lepidium appelianum Hoarycress (Cardaria pubescens) -

Shown as Ballcress, as Hairy whitetop 

and as lens-podded hoary cress

CA, OH, and UT

Lepidium appelianum Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens) 

- Shown as (Hairy whitetop)

OH and WA

Lepidium campestre Peppergrass, field IN and WV

Lepidium chalepense (a synonym 

of Cardaria chalepensis)

Hoary cress, lens-pod – Shown as 

(Heart-podded)

CA and UT

Lepidium coronopus (a synonym 

of Coronopus squamatus)

Wart cress, creeping (Swine cress) CA

Lepidium draba Cress, hoary – Shown as (Hoary

cress)

WA

Lepidium draba Whitetop WY

Lepidium draba Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) Shown 

as (Peppergrass, perennial)

MN

Lepidium draba - (Lepidium 

draba is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. draba)

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Perennial 

peppergrass and as Globe-podded 

hoary cress)

CA, MN, and UT

Lepidium draba - Lepidium 

draba is a synonym of 

Cardaria draba subsp. draba

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp. 

draba) - Shown as Perennial 

peppergrass and as Globe-podded 

hoary cress

CA, MN, and UT

Lepidium draba (Lepidium draba 

is a synonym of Cardaria draba

subsp. draba)

Peppergrass, perennial MN

Lepidium draba sub. draba Whitetop (hoarycress, heart-podded) OH

Lepidium draba subsp. draba Cress, hoary - Shown as (Heartpodded hoarycress)OH

Lepidium draba subsp. draba Hoarycress (Cardaria draba) - Shown 

as Heart-podded hoarycress

OH

Lepidium latifolium Peppercress, perennial (broadleaved

peppergrass), (whitetop), 

or (Pepperweed, perennial)

CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT,

WA, and WY 

Lepidium latifolium Whitetop (Whitetop, tall) AK, CO, and UT

Lepidium repens - Lepidium

repens is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. chalepensis

Cress, hoary - Shown as (Hoary 

cress)

ND

Lepidium repens - Lepidium 

repens is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. chalepensis

Hoarycress (Cardaria draba subsp.

chalepensis) - Shown as Hoary cress 

ND

Lepidium repens (Lepidium 

repens is a synonym of Cardaria

draba subsp. chalepensis)

Whitetop - Shown as (hoary cress) ND

Leptochloa chinensis (a 

synonym of Dinebra chinensis)

Sprangletop, Asian 

(Chinese Sprangletop)

CA and US

Lepyrodiclis holosteoides Lepyrodiclis WA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Lespedeza cuneata Lespedeza, sericea NE, and OK

Leucanthemum vulgare Daisy, ox-eye MT, OH and WY

Limnobium laevigatum Spongeplant, South American CA

Limnobium spongia Spongeplant, American CA

Limnophila indica Ambulia – Shown as 

(Marshweed, Indian)

CA

Limnophila sessiliflora Ambulia – Shown as 

(Marshweed, Asian)

CA and US

Linaria dalmatica Toadflax, Dalmatian CA, CO, MT, NV, OR, UT,

WA, and WY

Linaria genistifolia subsp.

Dalmatica

Toadflax, Dalmatian AZ, ID, and ND

Linaria vulgaris Butter and eggs - Shown 

as (Toadflax, yellow)

AK, CO, ID, WA, and WY

Linaria vulgaris Toadflax, yellow AK, CO, ID, ND, NV, UT, WA, 

and WY

Lolium persicum Darnel, Persian MT

Lolium temulentum Darnel (Ryegrass, poison) AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, 

OK, SC, TN, and TX

Lolium temulentum and/or 

Lolium persicum

Darnel and/or Persian ryegrass TX

Ludwigia decurrens Water-primrose, winged CA

Ludwigia grandiflora ssp. 

hexapetala (a synonym of 

Ludwigia hexapetala)

Hampshire-purslane, Uruguayan –

Shown as (Water-primrose, 

Uruguayan)

CA

Ludwigia peruviana Primrose-willow CA

Lychnis alba - Lychnis alba 

and Silene alba are synonyms 

of Silene latifolia subsp. alba

Cockle, white CT

Lycium ferocissimum Boxthorn, African US

Lythrum salicaria Loosestrife, purple AK, AZ, CA, CO, MT, NE, NH, 

NJ, OH, UT, VT, and WY

Lythrum salicaria Lythrum, purple See 

Loosestrife, purple

ID and MT

Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum,

and any hybrid crosses 

thereof and cultivars (ND)

Loosestrife, purple (Purple 

Loosestrife) or (Purple 

Lythrum)

MT, ND, NV, and PA

Lythrum virgatum Loosestrife, purple See 

Lythrum, purple.

CO, MT, and WY

Madia sativa Tarweed, coast CO

Malachra alceifolia Malachra HI

Medicago polymorpha Burclover AZ

Medinilla venosa Medinilla venosa HI

Melaleuca quinquenervia Melaleuca US

Melaleuca quinquenervia Paperbark, broadleaf US
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Melaleuca quinquenervia Teatree, broadleaf US

Melastoma malabathricum Indian-rhododendron US

Melastoma malabathricum Melastoma, banks US

Melastoma spp. Melastoma HI

Mercurialis ambigua Mercury, annual – Shown 

as (Mercury, Spanish)

CA

Miconia spp. Miconia HI

Mikania cordata Mile-a-minute US

Mikania micrantha Mile-a-minute HI and US

Mikania scandens Hempweed, climbing HI

Milium vernale Millet, spring UT

Mimosa invisa (synonym of 

M. diplotricha)

Sensitiveplant, giant HI and US

Mimosa pigra Sensitiveplant, thorny HI and US

Miscanthus floridulus Miscanthus HI

Miscanthus floridulus Silvergrass, Japanese HI

Monochoria hastata Hastate-leaf-pondweed US

Monochoria hastata Monochoria US

Monochoria vaginalis Monochoria, oval-leaf US

Monochoria vaginalis Oval-leaf-pondweed US

Monochoria vaginalis Pickerel-weed US

Montanoa hibiscifolia Daisy, tree HI

Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill CA

Myosoton aquaticum Chickweed, giant CA

Myrica faya (a synonym of

Morella faya)

Firetree HI

Myrica faya Myrtle, candleberry HI

Myriophyllum spicatum Watermilfoil, Eurasian MT and NV

Nassella trichotoma Tussock, serrated 

(Nassella trichotoma)

AL, AZ, AR, DE, FL, GA, IL,

MD, MI, MO, MS, NE, NC, NH,

OH, OK, OR, SC, TX, VT, VA, 

WA, WV, WY, and US

Nicandra physalodes Apple of Peru OH

Nothoscordum gracile False garlic, fragrant (Onionweed) CA

Nymphaea mexicana Water-lily, banana CA

Nymphoides peltate Floating-heart, yellow CA

Oenothera sinuosus (a 

synonym of Gaura sinuata)

Gaura, wavyleaf CA

Oenothera xenogaura (a 

synonym of Gaura drummondii)

Gaura, Drummond’s CA

Ononis alopecuroides Restharrow, foxtail CA

Onopordum acanthium Thistle, Scotch (Thistle, cotton) AZ, CO, ID, NE, NV, OK, UT,

and WY

Onopordum spp. Thistle, onopordum CA

Onopordum tauricum Thistle, Scotch CO
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Opuntia aurantiaca Prickly-pear, jointed US

Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger-pear US

Orobanche ramosa (a synonym 

of Phelipanche ramosa)

Broomrape, branched AZ and CA

Oryza longistaminata Rice, red US

Oryza punctata Rice, red US

Oryza rufipogon Rice, red CA, GA, and US

Oryza sativa (var.) Rice, red AR, FL, and SC

Oryza spp. Rice, red LA, MS and TX

Ottelia alismoides Duck-lettuce US

Ottelia alismoides Ottelia, water-plantain US

Oxyspora paniculata Oxyspora paniculata HI

Oxytropis spp. Locoweeds HI

Panicum antidotale Panicgrass, blue CA

Panicum miliaceum subsp.

Ruderale

Millet, wild proso CO, WI, and WY

Panicum repens Torpedograss AZ and HI

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texana)

Buffalograss (Millet, Texas) 

or (Panicum, Texas)

FL and NC

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texana)

Millet, Texas (Buffalograss) or

(Panicum, Texas)

FL and NC

Panicum texanum (a synonym of

Urochloa texana)

Panicum, Texas (Buffalograss) 

or (Millet, Texas)

FL and NC

Parthenium hysterophorus Feverfew, Santa Maria CA

Paspalum lepton Brunswickgrass AL and GA

Paspalum scrobiculatum Couch, water US

Paspalum scrobiculatum Millet, kodo US

Paspalum scrobiculatum Paspalum, creeping (Indian 

Paspalum)

US

Passiflora incarnata Maypop (Passion flower) TX

Passiflora incarnata Passion flower (Maypop) TX

Passiflora mollissima (a 

synonym of Passiflora 

tripartita var. mollissima)

Passionfruit, banana HI

Passiflora mollissima Poka, banana HI

Passiflora pulchella (a synonym 

of Passiflora bicornis)

Passionfruit, winged-leaf HI

Peganum harmala Rue, African or (Syrian rue) 

or (Harmel)

AZ, CA, CO, NV, and UT

Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu grass CA and US

Pennisetum macrourum Bedding grass US

Pennisetum macrourum. Feathergrass, African US

Pennisetum pedicellatum Kayasuwa grass US

Pennisetum pedicellatum Kyasuwa grass, annual US

Pennisetum polystachion Mission grass US
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Pennisetum polystachion Pennisetum, feather US

Pennisetum setaceum Fountaingrass 

(Fountaingrass, green)

HI and NV

Persicaria wallichii Knotweed, Himalayan CA

Phleum pratense Timothy DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, 

and WV

Phragmites australis Reed, common (Phragmities) NE, MO, and UT

Phragmites australis ssp. 

australis

Reed, common MT

Physalis lobata - Physalis lobata

is a synonym of Quincula lobata

Groundcherry, purpleflower CO

Physalis longifolia var.

Subglabrata

Groundcherry, smooth CA and ID

Physalis virginiana var. sonorae

(a synonym of P. longifolia)

Groundcherry, smooth CA

Physalis viscosa Groundcherry, grape CA

Piper aduncum Pepper, spiked HI

Pittosporum undulatum Box, Victorian HI

Plantago aristate Buckhorn (Plantain, bracted) AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, 

and TX

Plantago aristate Plantain, bracted AL, GA, LA, NC, OK, SC, 

and TX

Plantago lanceolata Buckhorn (Plantain, buckhorn) AL, AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL,

IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MA,

MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, OH,

OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, WV, 

WI, and WY

Plantago lanceolata Plantain, buckhorn AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, KS, LA,

ME, MA, MI, MN, MS, NC, 

OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, 

and WY

Plantago lanceolata Plantain, buckhorn (Buckhorn) AL, IL, IN, IA, KY, MO, OH,

WV, and WI

Plantago lanceolata Plantain, Ribwort NH

Plantago spp. Buckhorn AK, CT, MS, and WA

Plantago spp. Plantain AK, CT, MS, and WA

Poa annua Bluegrass, annual AK, CT, DE, DC, FL, KY, MD,

MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, SD, 

TN, TX, VA, and WV

Poa trivialis Bluegrass, rough DE, MD, NH, NJ, PA, VA, 

and WV

Polygonum convolvulus 

(a synonym of Fallopia 

convolvulus)

Bindweed, black (Buckwheat, wild) AK, KS, and OK

Polygonum convolvulus Buckwheat, wild (black bindweed) AK, KS, and OK
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Polygonum cuspidatum (a 

synonym of Fallopia japonica

and Reynoutria japonica)

Knotweed, Japanese CA, MT, UT, and WY

Polygonum perfoliatum (a 

synonym of Persicaria perfoliata)

Mile-a-minute PA and WI

Polygonum sachalinense (a

synonym of Fallopia 

sachalinensis and Reynoutria 

sachalinense)

Knotweed complex MT

Polygonum x bohemicum (a 

synonym of Fallopia x bohemica 

and Reynoutria x bohemica)

Knotweed complex MT

Portulaca oleracea Purslane, common AZ

Potamogeton crispus Pondweed, curly leaf MT

Potentilla recta Cinquefoil, sulfur CA, CO, MT, NV, UT, and WY

Prosopis alpataco Prosopis alpataco US

Prosopis argentina Prosopis argentina US

Prosopis articulata Amargo, mesquite US

Prosopis burkartii Prosopis burkartii US

Prosopis caldenia Prosopis caldenia US

Prosopis calingastana Cusqui US

Prosopis campestris Prosopis campestris US

Prosopis castellanosii Prosopis castellanosii US

Prosopis denudans Prosopis denudans US

Prosopis elata Prosopis elata US

Prosopis farcta Prosopis farcta US

Prosopis ferox Prosopis ferox US

Prosopis fiebrigii Prosopis fiebrigii US

Prosopis hassleri Prosopis hassleri US

Prosopis humilis Prosopis humilis US

Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora HI

Prosopis kuntzei Prosopis kuntzei US

Prosopis pallida Algarrobo US

Prosopis pallida Huarango US

Prosopis pallida Kiawe US

Prosopis palmeri Prosopis palmeri US

Prosopis reptans var. reptans Prosopis reptans var. reptans US

Prosopis rojasiana Prosopis rojasiana US

Prosopis ruizlealii Prosopis ruizlealii US

Prosopis ruscifolia Prosopis ruscifolia US

Prosopis sericantha Prosopis sericantha US

Prosopis strombulifera Prosopis strombulifera 

(Mesquite, creeping)

CA and US

Prosopis torquate Prosopis torquata US
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Pueraria lobata (Pueraria 

lobata is a synonym of 

Pueraria montana var. lobata)

Kudzu (Kudzu-vine) PA, and WI

Pueraria phaseoloides Kudzu, tropical HI

Quincula lobata Groundcherry, purpleflower CO

Ranunculus acris Buttercup, tall MT

Raphanus raphanistrum Radish, wild AK, CT, FL, GA, ME, MA, MI,

MN, MS, NH, NC, RI, SC, 

TX, VT, WA, and WI

Raphanus spp. Radish, wild AL and VA

Rapistrum rugosum Mustard, common giant TX

Retama monosperma Broom, bridal veil CA

Rhagadiolus stellatus Star hawkbit – Shown as 

(Star endive)

CA

Rhammus cathartica Buckthorn, common MT

Rhaponticum repens Knapweed, Russian CA, GA, LA, MN, MT, ND, WA,

and WY

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rhodomyrtus, downy HI

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rosemyrtle, downy HI

Rhynchospora spp. Spearhead LA

Ricinus communis Castor TX

Rorippa austriaca Fieldcress, Austrian AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR,

and WA

Rorippa sylvestris Fieldcress, creeping yellow CA

Rosa multiflora Rose, multiflora PA

Rottboellia cochinchinensis Itchgrass (raoulgrass) LA, NC, TX and US

Rottboellia exaltata - Rottboellia 

exaltata is a synonym of 

Rottboellia cochinchinensis

(Lour.) Clayton

Itchgrass (raoulgrass) AR, LA, SC, and TN

Rubus argutus Blackberry, prickly Florida HI

Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus 

(a synonym of Rubus ellipticus)

Raspberry, yellow Himalayan HI

Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus US

Rubus niveus Raspberry, hill HI

Rubus plicatus Rubus fruticosus (complex) US

Rubus sieboldii Raspberry, Molucca HI

Rumex acetosella Sorrel (sheep or red) See dock. AL, FL, GA, IA, KY, LA, 

MO, NE, OK, and SC

Rumex latissimus Dock, smooth (Dock, smoothleaf) IA and NE

Rumex conglomeratus Docks FL

Rumex crispus Dock, curled (curly dock), 

(Dock, sour), or (Docks)

AZ, CO, FL, IA, IL, IN, MI, MT, 

NE, NV, NC, OH, and WY

Rumex obtusifolius Dock, broadleaf (Docks) FL and NC
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Rumex spp. Dock and/or Sorrel AL except hastatulus, AR, CT, 

GA, KS, LA, MS, MO, NE, 

OK, SC, TN, TX, and WA

Rumex spp. Sorrels or Docks WA

Rumex venosus Dock, winged (see sorrel) NE

Saccharum ravennae Ravennagrass CA

Saccharum spontaneum Geshoumi US

Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane, wild US

Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead US

Salsola collina Tumbleweed – Shown as 

(Russianthistle, spineless)

CA

Salsola damascena (a synonym 

of S. vermiculata)

Saltwort, Damascus CA

Salsola kali Thistle, Russian HI

Salsola kali var. tenuifolia (a 

synonym of S. australis, S. 

pestifer, and Salsola tragus)

Thistle, Russian AZ

Salsola paulsenii Russianthistle, barbwire CA

Salsola pestifer (a synonym of 

S. tragus)

Thistle, Russian MO

Salsola tragus Thistle, Russian – Shown as

(Russianthistle, common)

CA

Salsola vermiculata Salsola, wormleaf US

Salsola vermiculata Saltwort, Mediterranean US

Salvia aethiopis Sage, Mediterranean CA, CO, NV, and UT

Salvia virgata Sage, meadow CA

Salvinia auriculata Fern, butterfly US

Salvinia auriculata Payal, African US

Salvinia auriculata Salvinia, giant CA and US

Salvinia biloba Salvinia, giant US

Salvinia herzogii Salvinia, giant US

Salvinia molesta Kariba-weed US

Salvinia molesta Salvinia, giant AZ, NV, and US

Saponaria officinalis Bouncingbet CO

Scolymus hispanicus Thistle, golden CA

Scorzonera laciniata Vipergrass, cutleaf UT

Secale cereale L. subsp. cereale Rye, feral WY (refer WY pg. for details)

Senecio inaequidens Ragwort, narrow-leaf US

Senecio inaequidens Ragwort, South African US

Senecio jacobaea (a synonym of

Jacobaea vulgaris)

Ragwort, tansy AZ, CA, ID, MT, and, OR

Senecio linearifolius Fireweed groundsel CA

Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed HI and US

Senecio squalidus Ragwort, Oxford CA

Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod MD, MS, and VA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Senna tora Sicklepod AL

Sesbania exaltata Coffeebean AR

Sesbania exaltata Indigo, tall (Coffeebean) 

or (Sesbania, hemp)

AR and LA

Sesbania exaltata Sesbania, hemp (Coffeebean) or

(Indigo, tall)

AR and LA

Sesbania punicea Rattlebox, red CA

Setaria faberi Foxtail, giant AL, AR, CA, CO, DE, GA, IL,

IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MI, MN,

MO, MS, NC, OK, SC, SD, TN,

TX, and VA

Setaria pallide-fusca (a synonym 

of Setaria pumila subsp. 

subtesselata)

Cattail grass US

Sicyos angulatus Burcucumber DE and NJ

Sida hederacea (Sida hederacea

is a synonym of Malvella

leprosa)

Mallow, alkali AZ

Silene alba - Lychnis alba and 

Silene alba are synonyms of 

Silene latifolia subsp. alba

Cockle, white WI

Silene latifolia – synonym of

Silene alba and Lychnis alba

Cockle, white WA (in timothy only)

Silene vulgaris Campion, bladder WA (in timothy only)

Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Campion, bladder WY

Silybum marianum Thistle, blessed milk TX

Sinapis arvensis Charlock (Mustard, wild) CO, IA, IN, KS, MA, MI, PA,

VA, and WI

Sinapis arvensis Mustard, wild See also charlock, 

rape, and turnip.

AZ, CO, IA, KS, MA, MI,

MN, PA, VA, WI, and WY

Sinapis arvensis Turnip, wild - Shown as (Charlock) 

or as (Mustard, wild)

CO, IA, KS, MA, MI, PA, VA,

and WI

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Charlock - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

WA

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Mustard, wild See also charlock,

rape, and turnip.

OH, WA, and WY

Sinapis arvensis subsp. arvensis Turnip, wild - Shown as 

(Mustard, wild)

WA

Sinapis spp. Charlock - Shown as (Mustard,

wild) or (Turnips, wild)

TX

Sinapis spp. Mustard, wild See also charlock, 

rape, and turnip.

TX

Sinapis spp. Turnip, wild LA and TX

Solanum americanum Nightshade KS
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Solanum carolinense Bullnettle (Horsenettle) or 

(Carolina horsenettle)

AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS,

LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, 

NE, NV, NH, NJ, NC, OH, OK,

PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT,

and WV

Solanum carolinense Horsenettle, Carolina (Horsenettle) AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT,

DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS,

LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, 

NE, NH, NJ, NC, NV, OH, OK,

PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT,

and WV

Solanum cardiophyllum Nightshade, heart-shape CA

Solanum dimidiatum Nightshade, Torrey’s CA

Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, bitter MI

Solanum elaeagnifolium Horsenettle, white (Nightshade) AL, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA, HI,

ID, KS, LA, MI, NM, NV, 

OK, SC, TX, and WA

Solanum elaeagnifolium Nightshade – (Horsenettle) or 

Nightshade, (purple) (silverleaf) 

(white) or (Bullnettle)

AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, FL, GA,

HI, ID, KS, LA, MI, NV, 

NM, OK, SC, TX, and WA

Solanum interius Nightshade complex, black KS

Solanum lanceolatum Nightshade, lance-leaf CA

Solanum marginatum Nightshade, white-margin CA

Solanum nigrum Nightshade, black KS and MI

Solanum ptycanthum Nightshade, Eastern black IN, KS, MI, MN, and MO

Solanum robustum Nightshade, silverleaf HI

Solanum rostratum Buffalobur HI and ID

Solanum sarrachoides (Solanum 

sarrachoides auct. is a synonym 

of Solanum physalifolium Rusby

var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter)

Edmonds.)

Nightshade, hairy KS and MI

Solanum tampicense Nightshade, wetland US

Solanum torvum Terongan HI and US

Solanum torvum Turkeyberry HI and US

Solanum viarum Tropical soda apple AL, AZ, AR, FL, GA, LA, 

MS, SC, TX, and US

Sonchus arvensis Sowthistle, perennial AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, HI, ID, IL, 

IN, IA, KS, ME, MA, MI, MN, 

MT, ND, NH, NV, OH, OR, PA, 

RI, SD, VT, WA, WV, WI, and 

WY

Sorghum × almum Columbus grass (Sorghum almum) CO, FL, GA, HI, KS, KY, MS, 

MO, OH, SC, TN, UT, and VA
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Sorghum × Almum Sorghum almum (columbus grass) GA, HI, KS, KY, MS, MO, 

OH, SC, TN, UT, and VA

Sorghum bicolor Shattercane OH and PA

Sorghum halepense Columbus grass - Shown as 

(Sorghum almum)

CA, IL, KS, MI, MS, IN, and TX

Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass *** SEE 

INDIVIDUAL STATES FOR 

INTERPRETATIONS ***

AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL,

GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, 

MD, MI, MS, MO, NE, NJ, NM, 

NC, NV, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, 

TN, TX, UT, VA, and WV

Sorghum halepense Sorghum almum - Shown 

as Sorghum almum

AL, CA, CO, FL, IL, IN, 

KS, MI, MS, PA, and TX

Sorghum spp. Columbus grass - Shown as (Sorghum 

almum). See also johnsongrass,

sorghum, and sudangrass. 

AZ, DE, NV, NJ, UT, VA, 

and WA

Sorghum spp. Sorghum almum (Sorghum 

almum), (Sorgrass), or (Sorghum, 

species perennial)

AZ, CA, DE, MD, NJ, NV, 

SC, UT, VA, and WA 

Sorghum spp. Sudangrass, perennial sweet-type -

hybrids derived therefrom or 

rhizomatous derivatives of S. almum 

and S. halepense or seed 

indistinguishable from johnsongrass. 

See also columbus grass, 

johnsongrass, and sorghum.)

AL, AZ, DE, IL, KS, KY, MD, 

MI, MS, PA, SC, TX, UT, and 

VA

Sparganium erectum Bur-reed, exotic US

Spartina alterniflora and hybrids Cord-grass, smooth and hybrids CA

Spartina anglica Cord-grass, common CA

Spartina densiflora Cord-grass, dense-flower CA

Spartina patens Cord-grass, salt-meadow CA

Spartium junceum Broom, Spanish CA and HI

Spermacoce alata Borreria US

Sphaerophysa salsula Peaweed, Austrian CA, NV, and OR

Stachys palustris Woundwort ME

Stipa brachychaeta (a synonym 

of Amelichloa brachychaeta and 

Achnatherum brachychaetum)

Punagrass AZ and CA

Stipa spp. Needlegrasses HI

Stipa trichotoma (Synonym of

Nassella trichotoma)

Tussock, nasella HI

Striga asiatica Witchweed NC and SC

Striga lutea Witchweed CA

Striga spp. Witchweed AZ, HI, and US

Swainsona salsula 

Sphaerophysa salsula

Swainsonpea See Peaweed, Austrian ID and WY
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Scientific name Common name (may be shown as) States (US = Federal)

Symphytum asperum Comfrey, rough CA

Taeniatherum caput-medusae Medusahead CA, CO, HI, NV, and UT

Taeniatherum caput-medusae

subsp. caput-medusae

Medusahead WA, and WY

Taeniatherum caput-medusae

subsp. caput-medusae

Medusahead rye ID

Tagetes minuta Marigold, wild CA and HI

Tamarix chinensis Tamerisk, Chinese – Shown as 

(Salt cedar)

CA

Tamarix gallica Tamerisk, French – Shown as 

(Salt cedar)

CA

Tamarix parviflora and 

T. ramosissima

Saltcedar CA, CO, and NE

Tamarix ramosissima Saltcedar CA, CO, NE and UT

Tamarix spp. Saltcedar (Tamarisk) MT, ND, NV, and WY

Tamarix spp. Tamarisk (Saltcedar) MT

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy, Common (Tansy) MT and WY

Themeda villosa Lyon's grass HI

Thlaspi arvense Fanweed (Frenchweed) 

or (Pennycress, field)

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, 

SD, WA

Thlaspi arvense Frenchweed (Fanweed) or

(Pennycress, field)

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, OH, SD,

WA

Thlaspi arvense Pennycress (Pennycress, field), 

(Fanweed), or (Frenchweed)

IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, NV, OH,

SD, and WA

Tibouchina spp. Tibouchina HI

Trapa natans Water-chestnut AZ

Tribolium obliterum Capegrass CA

Tribulus terrestris Puncturevine (Goathead) AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, IA, MI, NE, 

NV, TX, UT, WA, and WY

Tridax procumbens Coat-buttons US

Tridax procumbens Daisy, tridax US

Triumfetta rhomboidea Bur, paroquet HI

Triumfetta semitriloba Bur, Sacramento HI

Ulex europaeus Gorse CA and HI

Urena lobata Caesarweed HI

Urochloa panicoides Liverseed grass US

Urochloa texana Panicum, Texas (Buffalograss) 

or (Millet, Texas)

GA

Ventenata dubia Ventenata grass (Africa grass, north) MT, UT and WY (refer WY 

pg. for details)

Verbascum Thapsus Mullein HI

Vicia cracca Vetch, tufted AK

Viscum album Mistletoe, European CA

Volutaria tubuliflora Knapweed, desert CA
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Xanthium pensylvanicum -

Xanthium pensylvanicum 

is a synonym of Xanthium 

strumarium

Cocklebur IN

Xanthium spp. Cocklebur AL, AR, FL, GA, HI, KS, LA, 

MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, and 

TX

Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur DE, IA, MD, and MI

Zostera japonica Eelgrass, dwarf CA

Zygophyllum fabago Beancaper, Syrian CA, ID, UT, and NV
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