<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT 4.6



================================================================================





                               SAFECO CORPORATION,

                                     ISSUER

                                       TO

                           -------------------------,


                                     TRUSTEE


                                 ---------------

                                    INDENTURE

                                 ---------------


                    CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES


                                 ---------------




                        DATED AS OF _______________, 20__





================================================================================

<PAGE>

         Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the "Trust
Indenture Act") and Indenture



<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE ACT                                                                       INDENTURE
  OF 1939 SECTION                                                                          SECTION
-------------------                                                                     --------------
<S>                                                                                     <C>
310  (a)(1)..........................................................................   6.8
     (a)(2)..........................................................................   6.8
     (a)(3)..........................................................................   TIA
     (a)(4)..........................................................................   Not Applicable
     (a)(5)..........................................................................   TIA
     (b).............................................................................   6.9
     (c).............................................................................   TIA

311  (a).............................................................................   TIA
     (b).............................................................................   TIA
     (c).............................................................................   TIA

312  (a).............................................................................   7.1
     (b).............................................................................   7.2
     (c).............................................................................   7.2

313  (a).............................................................................   7.3
     (b).............................................................................   7.3
     (c).............................................................................   7.3
     (d).............................................................................   7.3

314  (a).............................................................................   7.4
     (b).............................................................................   Not Applicable
     (c)(1)..........................................................................   1.2
     (c)(2)..........................................................................   1.2
     (c)(3)..........................................................................   Not Applicable
     (d).............................................................................   Not Applicable
     (e).............................................................................   1.2
     (f).............................................................................   1.2

315  (a).............................................................................   TIA
     (b).............................................................................   6.3
     (c).............................................................................   TIA
     (d)(1)..........................................................................   TIA
     (d)(2)..........................................................................   TIA
     (d)(3)..........................................................................   TIA
     (e).............................................................................   TIA

316  (a) (last sentence).............................................................   1.1
     (a)(1)(A).......................................................................   5.2; 5.12
     (a)(1)(B).......................................................................   5.13
     (b).............................................................................   5.8
     (c).............................................................................   TIA
</TABLE>



<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TRUST INDENTURE ACT                                                                       INDENTURE
  OF 1939 SECTION                                                                          SECTION
-------------------                                                                     --------------
<S>                                                                                     <C>
317  (a)(1)..........................................................................   5.3
     (a)(2)..........................................................................   5.4
     (b).............................................................................   10.3

318  (a).............................................................................   1.1
     (b).............................................................................   10.8
     (c).............................................................................   1.1; TIA
</TABLE>



-------------------
         This reconciliation and tie section does not constitute part of the
Indenture.


<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS



<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                      Page
                                                                                                      ----
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 1.  DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION......................................1
         Section 1.1.      Definitions...................................................................1
         Section 1.2.      Compliance Certificates and Opinions.........................................10
         Section 1.3.      Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.......................................11
         Section 1.4.      Acts of Holders..............................................................11
         Section 1.5.      Notices, Etc. to the Trustee and the Company.................................13
         Section 1.6.      Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver......................................14
         Section 1.7.      Language of Notices..........................................................14
         Section 1.8.      Conflict with Trust Indenture Act............................................15
         Section 1.9.      Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.....................................15
         Section 1.10.     Successors and Assigns.......................................................15
         Section 1.11.     Separability Clause..........................................................15
         Section 1.12.     Benefits of Indenture........................................................15
         Section 1.13.     Governing Law................................................................15
         Section 1.14.     Legal Holidays...............................................................15
         Section 1.15.     Counterparts.................................................................16
         Section 1.16.     Judgment Currency............................................................16
         Section 1.17.     No Security Interest Created.................................................16
         Section 1.18.     Limitation on Individual Liability...........................................16

ARTICLE 2.  SECURITIES FORMS............................................................................17
         Section 2.1.      Forms Generally..............................................................17
         Section 2.2.      Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication..............................17
         Section 2.3.      Securities in Global Form....................................................18

ARTICLE 3.  THE SECURITIES..............................................................................18
         Section 3.1.      Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.........................................18
         Section 3.2.      Currency; Denominations......................................................22
         Section 3.3.      Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating...............................22
         Section 3.4.      Temporary Securities.........................................................24
         Section 3.5.      Registration, Transfer and Exchange..........................................25
         Section 3.6.      Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.............................28
         Section 3.7.      Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest
                           and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved.....................................29
         Section 3.8.      Persons Deemed Owners........................................................30
         Section 3.9.      Cancellation.................................................................31
         Section 3.10.     Computation of Interest......................................................31

ARTICLE 4.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.....................................................31
         Section 4.1.      Satisfaction and Discharge...................................................31
         Section 4.2.      Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance...........................................33
         Section 4.3.      Application of Trust Money...................................................37
         Section 4.4.      Reinstatement................................................................37
</TABLE>




                                      -i-

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                      Page
                                                                                                      ----
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 5.  REMEDIES....................................................................................37
         Section 5.1.      Events of Default............................................................37
         Section 5.2.      Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment...........................39
         Section 5.3.      Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee..............40
         Section 5.4.      Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.............................................41
         Section 5.5.      Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities or Coupons.......42
         Section 5.6.      Application of Money Collected...............................................42
         Section 5.7.      Limitations on Suits.........................................................42
         Section 5.8.      Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Any Premium,
                           Interest and Additional Amounts..............................................43
         Section 5.9.      Restoration of Rights and Remedies...........................................43
         Section 5.10.     Rights and Remedies Cumulative...............................................43
         Section 5.11.     Delay or Omission Not Waiver.................................................44
         Section 5.12.     Control by Holders of Securities.............................................44
         Section 5.13.     Waiver of Past Defaults......................................................44
         Section 5.14.     Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws......................................45
         Section 5.15.     Undertaking for Costs........................................................45

ARTICLE 6.  THE TRUSTEE.................................................................................45
         Section 6.1.      Certain Duties and Responsibilities..........................................45
         Section 6.2.      Certain Rights of Trustee....................................................46
         Section 6.3.      Notice of Defaults...........................................................48
         Section 6.4.      Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.......................48
         Section 6.5.      May Hold Securities..........................................................48
         Section 6.6.      Money Held in Trust..........................................................48
         Section 6.7.      Compensation and Reimbursement...............................................49
         Section 6.8.      Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility......................................49
         Section 6.9.      Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor............................50
         Section 6.10.     Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.......................................51
         Section 6.11.     Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business..................52
         Section 6.12.     Appointment of Authenticating Agent..........................................52

ARTICLE 7.  HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY............................................54
         Section 7.1.      Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders....................54
         Section 7.2.      Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.......................55
         Section 7.3.      Reports by Trustee...........................................................55
         Section 7.4.      Reports by Company...........................................................55

ARTICLE 8.  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES.............................................................56
         Section 8.1.      Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.........................56
         Section 8.2.      Successor Person Substituted for Company.....................................57
</TABLE>




                                      -ii-

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                      Page
                                                                                                      ----
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 9.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.....................................................................57
         Section 9.1.      Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders...........................57
         Section 9.2.      Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders..............................58
         Section 9.3.      Execution of Supplemental Indentures.........................................59
         Section 9.4.      Effect of Supplemental Indentures............................................60
         Section 9.5.      Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures...........................60
         Section 9.6.      Conformity With Trust Indenture Act..........................................60
         Section 9.7.      Notice of Supplemental Indenture.............................................60

ARTICLE 10.  COVENANTS..................................................................................60
         Section 10.1.     Payment of Principal, Any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts...........60
         Section 10.2.     Maintenance of Office or Agency..............................................60
         Section 10.3.     Money for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust............................62
         Section 10.4.     Additional Amounts...........................................................63
         Section 10.5.     Limitation on Mortgages and Liens............................................64
         Section 10.6.     Limitation Upon Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries............65
         Section 10.7.     Corporate Existence..........................................................65
         Section 10.8.     Waiver of Certain Covenants..................................................65
         Section 10.9.     Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults...............66

ARTICLE 11.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES...................................................................66
         Section 11.1.     Applicability of Article.....................................................66
         Section 11.2.     Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee........................................66
         Section 11.3.     Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed............................67
         Section 11.4.     Notice of Redemption.........................................................67
         Section 11.5.     Deposit of Redemption Price..................................................69
         Section 11.6.     Securities Payable on Redemption Date........................................69
         Section 11.7.     Securities Redeemed in Part..................................................70

ARTICLE 12.  SINKING FUNDS..............................................................................70
         Section 12.1.     Applicability of Article.....................................................70
         Section 12.2.     Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments With Securities........................70
         Section 12.3.     Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund....................................71

ARTICLE 13.  REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS.........................................................71
         Section 13.1.     Applicability of Article.....................................................71

ARTICLE 14.  SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES...........................................................72
         Section 14.1.     Applicability of Article.....................................................72
</TABLE>




                                     -iii-

<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                      Page
                                                                                                      ----
<S>                                                                                                   <C>
ARTICLE 15.  MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES..........................................................72
         Section 15.1.     Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called....................................72
         Section 15.2.     Call, Notice and Place of Meetings...........................................72
         Section 15.3.     Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings.........................................73
         Section 15.4.     Quorum; Action...............................................................73
         Section 15.5.     Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings..........74
         Section 15.6.     Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings..............................74


ARTICLE 16.  CONVERSION OF SECURITIES...................................................................75
         Section 16.1.     Conversion Privilege.........................................................75
         Section 16.2.     Exercise of Conversion Privilege.............................................75
         Section 16.3.     Fractions of Shares..........................................................76
         Section 16.4.     Adjustment of Conversion Price...............................................77
         Section 16.5.     Notice of Adjustments of Conversion Price....................................81
         Section 16.6.     Notice of Certain Corporate Action...........................................81
         Section 16.7.     Company to Reserve Common Stock..............................................82
         Section 16.8.     Taxes on Conversions.........................................................82
         Section 16.9.     Covenant as to Common Stock..................................................82
         Section 16.10.    Cancellation of Converted Securities.........................................82
         Section 16.11.    Provisions in Case of Consolidation, Merger of Sale of Assets................83


ARTICLE 17.  SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES................................................................83
         Section 17.1.     Securities Subordinate to Senior Indebtedness................................83
         Section 17.2.     Payment Over of Proceeds Upon Dissolution, Etc...............................84
         Section 17.3.     No Payment when Senior Indebtedness in Default...............................85
         Section 17.4.     Reliance by Senior Indebtedness on Subordination Provisions..................86
         Section 17.5.     Payment Permitted If No Default..............................................86
         Section 17.6.     Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior Indebtedness......................86
         Section 17.7.     Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights..................................87
         Section 17.8.     Trustee to Effectuate Subordination..........................................87
         Section 17.9.     No Waiver of Subordination Provisions........................................87
         Section 17.10.    Notice to Trustee............................................................88
         Section 17.11.    Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent...............88
         Section 17.12.    Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior Indebtedness.....................88
         Section 17.13.    Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior Indebtedness; Preservation of
                           Trustee's Rights.............................................................89
         Section 17.14.    Article Applicable to Paying Agents..........................................89
         Section 17.15.    Defeasance of this Article 17................................................89
</TABLE>




                                      -iv-


<PAGE>

         INDENTURE, dated as of __________, 20__ (the "Indenture"), among SAFECO
CORPORATION, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the
State of Washington (hereinafter called the "Company"), having its principal
executive office located at SAFECO Plaza, 4333 Brooklyn Avenue, N.E., Seattle,
Washington 98185, and ____________________, a ____________________, as trustee
(hereinafter called the "Trustee"), having its Corporate Trust Office located at
_________________________.


                                    RECITALS

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its convertible
unsecured, subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness
(hereinafter called the "Securities"), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear
such rates of interest, to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or
more series and to have such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter
provided.

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

         This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder that are required to be part of this
Indenture and, to the extent applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.

         NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted
and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the
Securities or of any series thereof and any Coupons (as herein defined) as
follows:


                                   ARTICLE 1.
             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 1.1. DEFINITIONS.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture
or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture:

                  (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the
singular;

                  (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein;

                  (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America and, except as otherwise herein
expressly provided, the terms "generally accepted accounting principles" or
"GAAP" with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall
mean



<PAGE>

such accounting principles as are generally accepted in the United States of
America at the date or time of such computation;

                  (4) the words "herein," "hereof," "hereto" and "hereunder" and
other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

                  (5) the word "or" is always used inclusively (for example, the
phrase "A or B" means "A or B or both," not "either A or B but not both").

         Certain terms used principally in certain Articles hereof are defined
in those Articles.

         "Act," when used with respect to any Holders, has the meaning specified
in Section 1.4.

         "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required
hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to
be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other
governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to
such Holders.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control," when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have the meanings correlative to
the foregoing.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 6.12 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.

         "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in an official language of
the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on
each day that is a Business Day in the place of publication, whether or not
published on days that are Legal Holidays in the place of publication, and of
general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or
in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are
required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be
made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the
foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in the
place of publication.

         "Authorized Officer" means, when used with respect to the Company, the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company.

         "Bearer Security" means any Security in the form established pursuant
to Section 2.1 which is payable to bearer.

         "Board of Directors" means the board of directors of the Company or any
committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or in any particular
respect for the Company hereunder.




                                      -2-
<PAGE>

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified
by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly
adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date
of such certification, delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day," with respect to any Place of Payment or other location,
means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking
institutions in such Place of Payment or other location are authorized or
obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close.

         "Capital Stock" of any Person means any and all shares, interests,
rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or
interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including Preferred
Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.

         "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means an obligation under a lease that
is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and the amount of Indebtedness
represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such
obligation determined in accordance with such principles.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

         "Common Stock" in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of any
class or classes (however designated) which has no preference as to the payment
of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, and which is not
subject to redemption by such Corporation. With respect to the Company, subject
to the provisions of Section 16.11, shares issuable on conversion of Securities
shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock of the Company
at the date of this instrument or shares of any class or classes resulting from
any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference
in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company and which are
not subject to redemption by the Company; provided that if at any time there
shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then
so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which the total number of
shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the
total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such
reclassifications.

         "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person, and any other obligor upon the
Securities.

         "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a written
request or order, as the case may be, signed in the name of the Company by an
Authorized Officer, and delivered to the Trustee.




                                      -3-
<PAGE>

         "Conversion Event" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign Currency
both by the government of the country or the confederation which issued such
Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or
other public institutions of or within the international banking community or
(ii) any currency unit or composite currency for the purposes for which it was
established.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal corporate trust office of
the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall
be administered, which office at the date of original execution of this
Indenture is located at _________________________.

         "Corporation" includes corporations and limited liability companies
and, except for purposes of Article 8, associations, companies and business
trusts.

         "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

         "Currency," with respect to any payment, deposit or other transfer in
respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as
the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to
be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with respect to
any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant to or contemplated by the terms
hereof or such Security, means Dollars.

         "CUSIP number" means the alphanumeric designation assigned to a
Security by Standard & Poor's Ratings Service, CUSIP Service Bureau.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

         "Dollars" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal
tender for payment of public or private debts in the United States of America.

         "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.

         "Foreign Currency" means any currency, currency unit or composite
currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of
one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any
recognized confederation or association of such governments.

         "Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America or the other government or
governments which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any
premium or interest on such Security or any Additional Amounts in respect
thereof shall be payable, in each case where the payment or payments thereunder
are supported by the full faith and credit of such government or governments or
(ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency
or instrumentality of the United States of America or such other government or
governments, in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are
unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America or such other government or governments, and which, in the
case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer
or issuers thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank
or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or
a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect
to any such Government Obligation held by




                                      -4-
<PAGE>

such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided
that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any
deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from
any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or
the specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect
to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

         "Holder," in the case of any Registered Security, means the Person in
whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case
of any Bearer Security, means the bearer thereof and, in the case of any Coupon,
means the bearer thereof.

         "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, (i) the principal of
and any premium and interest on (a) indebtedness of such Person for money
borrowed and (b) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other
similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or
liable; (ii) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; (iii) all
obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of
property, all conditional sale obligations and all obligations under any title
retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the
ordinary course of business); (iv) all obligations of such Person for the
reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker's acceptance or
similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of
credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in (i) through
(iii) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to
the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent
drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day
following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment
on the letter of credit); (v) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses
(i) through (iv) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the
payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable as
obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and (vi) all obligations of the type referred
to in clauses (i) through (v) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any
property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by
such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the
value of such property or assets or the amount of the obligation so secured; and
(vii) any amendments, modifications, refundings, renewals or extensions of any
indebtedness or obligation described as Indebtedness in clauses (i) through (vi)
above.

         "Indenture" means this instrument as it may from time to time be
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered
into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, with respect to any
Security, by the terms and provisions of such Security and any Coupon
appertaining thereto established pursuant to Section 3.1 (as such terms and
provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof).

         "Independent Public Accountants" means accountants or a firm of
accountants that, with respect to the Company and any other obligor under the
Securities or the Coupons, are independent public accountants within the meaning
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission thereunder, who may be the independent public
accountants regularly retained by the Company or who may be other independent
public accountants. Such accountants or firm shall be entitled to rely upon any
Opinion of Counsel as to the interpretation of any legal matters relating to
this Indenture or certificates required to be provided hereunder.




                                      -5-
<PAGE>

         "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the
principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the
principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

         "Interest," with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security which
by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after
Maturity and, when used with respect to a Security which provides for the
payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 10.4, includes such Additional
Amounts.

         "Interest Payment Date," with respect to any Security, means the Stated
Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

         "Legal Holidays" has the meaning specified in Section 1.14.

         "Lien" has the meaning specified in Section 10.5.

         "Maturity," with respect to any Security, means the date on which the
principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and
payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption or repurchase,
notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise, and includes the Redemption
Date.

         "New York Banking Day" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

         "Office" or "Agency," with respect to any Securities, means an office
or agency of the Company maintained or designated in a Place of Payment for such
Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or any other office or agency of the Company
maintained or designated for such Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or, to the
extent designated or required by Section 10.2 in lieu of such office or agency,
the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

         "Officer's Certificate" means a certificate signed by an Authorized
Officer that complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust
Indenture Act and is delivered to the Trustee.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an
employee of or counsel for the Company, or other counsel who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee, that, if required by the Trust Indenture Act,
complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means a Security issued pursuant to
this Indenture which provides for declaration of an amount less than the
principal face amount thereof to be due and payable upon acceleration pursuant
to Section 5.2.




                                      -6-
<PAGE>

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to any Securities, means, as of
the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except:

         (a) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or the
Security Registrar or delivered to the Trustee or the Security Registrar for
cancellation;

         (b) any such Security for whose payment at the Maturity thereof money
in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited pursuant hereto (other
than pursuant to Section 4.2) with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than
the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if
the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such
Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, provided that, if such
Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given
pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has
been made;

         (c) any such Security with respect to which the Company has effected
defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent provided in
Section 4.2;

         (d) any such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in
exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and
delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless there shall have been presented to
the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Security is held by a bona fide
purchaser in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of the Company; and

         (e) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by this
Indenture into securities of the Company or another issuer, if the terms of such
Security provide for such conversion or exchange pursuant to Section 3.1;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at
a meeting of Holders of Securities for quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount
of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such
determination and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purposes shall
be equal to the amount of the principal thereof that pursuant to the terms of
such Original Issue Discount Security would be declared (or shall have been
declared to be) due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration thereof
pursuant to Section 5.2 at the time of such determination, and (ii) the
principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such
determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purposes shall be
equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original
issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and (iii)
the principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be
the Dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original issuance of such
Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount
Security, the Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such
Security of the amount determined as provided in (i) above) of such Security,
and (iv) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be
disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in making any such determination or
relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver, only Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually
knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which shall
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee
establishes to the satisfaction




                                      -7-
<PAGE>

of the Trustee (A) the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities
and (B) that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto or an Affiliate of the Company or
such other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with
respect to, any Security or any Coupon on behalf of the Company.

         "Payment Blockage Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 17.3.

         "Payment Blockage Period" has the meaning specified in Section 17.3.

         "Person" means any individual, Corporation, partnership, joint venture,
joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment," with respect to any Security, means the place or
places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional
Amounts with respect to such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or such Security.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in
lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security or any Security to which
a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains shall be deemed to
evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen
Security or the Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon
appertains.

         "Preferred Stock" in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of
any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment
of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, over shares of
Capital Stock of any other class of such Corporation.

         "Redemption Date," with respect to any Security or portion thereof to
be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture or such Security.

         "Redemption Price," with respect to any Security or portion thereof to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed as determined by or
pursuant to this Indenture or such Security.

         "Registered Security" means any Security established pursuant to
Section 2.1 which is registered in a Security Register.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Registered
Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified
in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the "Regular Record Date".

         "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.




                                      -8-
<PAGE>

         "Responsible Officer" means any vice president, any assistant vice
president, the secretary, any assistant secretary, the treasurer, any assistant
treasurer, or any trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated
officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter,
any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his or her
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

         "Restricted Subsidiary" has the meaning specified in Section 10.6.

         "Security" or "Securities" means any note or notes, bond or bonds,
debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of Indebtedness, as the case may
be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that,
if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this
Indenture, "Securities," with respect to any such Person, shall mean Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of
Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

         "Securities Payment" has the meaning specified in Section 17.2.

         "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.5.

         "Senior Indebtedness" means (x) all Indebtedness for money borrowed of
the Company and other Indebtedness of the Company referred to in the definition
of Indebtedness other than in clause (iii) thereof, whether incurred on or prior
to the date of this Indenture or thereafter incurred, other than the Securities
and (y) amendments, renewals, extensions, modifications, refinancings and
refundings of any such Indebtedness; provided, however, the following shall not
constitute Senior Indebtedness: (A) any Indebtedness owed to a Person when such
Person is a Subsidiary of the Company and (B) any Indebtedness which by the
terms of the instrument creating or evidencing the same is not superior in right
of payment to the Securities.

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on any
Registered Security means a date fixed by the Company pursuant to Section 3.7.

         "Stated Maturity," with respect to any Security or any installment of
principal thereof or interest thereon, or any Additional Amounts with respect
thereto, means the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or such
Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such
installment of principal or interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and
payable.

         "Subsidiary" means, in respect of any Person, any Corporation, limited
or general partnership or other business entity of which at the time of
determination more than 50% of the voting power of the shares of its Capital
Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without
regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of
directors, managers or trustees thereof is owned or controlled, directly or
indirectly, by (i) such Person, (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of
such Person or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

         "Trading Day" means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday, other than any day on which securities are not traded on the applicable
securities exchange or in the applicable securities market.




                                      -9-
<PAGE>

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular
provision thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as
amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from time to time by
rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the
purposes of such Act or provision, as the case may be.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean each Person
who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is
more than one such Person, "Trustee" shall mean each such Person and as used
with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series.

         "United States," except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or any Security, means the United States of America (including the
states thereof and the District of Columbia), its territories and possessions
and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

         "United States Alien," except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or any Security, means any Person who, for United States Federal
income tax purposes, is a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual,
a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a foreign
partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States Federal
income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual or a
non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.

         "U.S. Depository" or "Depository" means, with respect to any Security
issuable or issued in the form of one or more global Securities, the Person
designated as U.S. Depository or Depository by the Company in or pursuant to
this Indenture, which Person must be, to the extent required by applicable law
or regulation, a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, and, if so provided with respect to any Security, any
successor to such Person. If at any time there is more than one such Person,
"U.S. Depository" or "Depository" shall mean, with respect to any Securities,
the qualifying entity which has been appointed with respect to such Securities.

         "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or
words added before or after the title "Vice President".

SECTION 1.2. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, upon any
application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under
any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an
Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided
for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with
and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such
conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case
of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents
or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture
relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or
opinion need be furnished.




                                      -10-
<PAGE>

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

                  (1) a statement that the individual signing such certificate
or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions herein
relating thereto;

                  (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in
such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such individual, he
has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant has
been complied with; and

                  (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such
individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 1.3. FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

         In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, provided
that such officer, after reasonable inquiry, has no reason to believe and does
not believe that the Opinion of Counsel with respect to the matters upon which
his certificate or opinion is based is erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel
may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession
of the Company, provided that such counsel, after reasonable inquiry, has no
reason to believe and does not believe that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture or any Security, they may, but need not, be
consolidated and form one instrument.

SECTION 1.4. ACTS OF HOLDERS.

                  (1) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be
given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more
instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or
by an agent duly appointed in writing. If, but only if, Securities of a series
are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series may,
alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of
Securities of such series




                                      -11-
<PAGE>

voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in
writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and
held in accordance with the provisions of Article 15, or a combination of such
instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided,
such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record
or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required,
to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the
action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to
as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting
at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall
be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of
the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company and
any agent of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this
Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in
the manner provided in Section 15.6.

                  Without limiting the generality of this Section 1.4, unless
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a U.S.
Depository that is a Holder of a global Security, may make, give or take, by a
proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a U.S. Depository that is a
Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial
owners of interests in any such global Security through such U.S. Depository's
standing instructions and customary practices.

                  The Company shall fix a record date for the purpose of
determining the Persons who are beneficial owners of interest in any permanent
global Security held by a U.S. Depository entitled under the procedures of such
U.S. Depository to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in
writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or
taken by Holders. If such a record date is fixed, the Holders on such record
date or their duly appointed proxy or proxies, and only such Persons, shall be
entitled to make, give or take such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date. No such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act shall be valid or effective if made, given
or taken more than 90 days after such record date.

                  (2) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any
such instrument or writing referred to in this Section 1.4 may be proved in any
reasonable manner; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof
with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section.

                  (3) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of
Registered Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and
the date of the termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security
Register.

                  (4) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of
Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the
date of the termination of holding the same, may be proved by the production of
such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust
company, bank, banker or other depositary reasonably acceptable to the Company,
wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Company and the
Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such
Person had on deposit with such




                                      -12-
<PAGE>

depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities therein described; or such
facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such
Bearer Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to
be satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of
any Bearer Security continues until (i) another certificate or affidavit bearing
a later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (ii)
such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or (iii)
such Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or
(iv) such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The ownership, principal
amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by the Person so executing
such instrument or writing and the date of the commencement and the date of the
termination of holding the same may also be proved in any other manner which the
Company and the Trustee deem sufficient.

                  (5) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any
Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not
obligated to), by Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the
determination of Holders of Registered Securities entitled to give such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such
a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but
only the Holders of Registered Securities of record at the close of business on
such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining
whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have
authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the
Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that
no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders of Registered
Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant
to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record
date.

                  (6) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every
future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon
the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof
in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security
Registrar, any Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not
notation of such Act is made upon such Security.

SECTION 1.5. NOTICES, ETC. TO THE TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this
Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

                  (1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be
sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in
writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

                  (2) the Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be
sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company
addressed to the attention of its Chief Financial Officer, Controller or
Secretary, at the address of its principal office specified in the first
paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in
writing to the Trustee by the Company.




                                      -13-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1.6. NOTICE TO HOLDERS OF SECURITIES; WAIVER.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Securities of
any event,

                  (1) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of
Registered Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to
each Holder of a Registered Security affected by such event, at his address as
it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not
earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and

                  (2) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of
Bearer Securities, if any, if published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City
of New York and, if such Securities are then listed on any stock exchange
outside the United States, in an Authorized Newspaper in such city as the
Company shall advise the Trustee that such stock exchange so requires, on a
Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not earlier than
the earliest date and the second such publication not later than the latest date
prescribed for the giving of such notice.

         In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given
by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice
so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered
Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities
given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given or provided. In
the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any
other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such
notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute
a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

         In case by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized
Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it shall be
impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearers Securities as provided
above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall be given
with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such
Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither failure to give notice by
publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in
any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of any notice mailed to
Holders of Registered Securities as provided above.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 1.7. LANGUAGE OF NOTICES.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the
English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice
may be in an official language of the country of publication.




                                      -14-
<PAGE>

SECTION 1.8. CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

         If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with any duties
under any required provision of the Trust Indenture Act imposed hereon by
Section 318(c) thereof, such required provision shall control.

SECTION 1.9. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 1.10. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

         All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 1.11. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

         In case any provision in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or
impaired thereby.

SECTION 1.12. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

         Nothing in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Security
Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders of Securities or
Coupons, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this
Indenture.

SECTION 1.13. GOVERNING LAW.

         This Indenture, the Securities and any Coupons shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to
agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case, performed in said
state.

SECTION 1.14. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

         Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Securities, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity or
Maturity of any Security, or the last date on which a Holder has the right to
convert or exchange Securities of a series that are convertible or exchangeable,
shall be a Legal Holiday at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any
other provision of this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon other than a
provision in any Security or Coupon that specifically states that such provision
shall apply in lieu hereof) payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on
such date, and such Securities need not be converted or exchanged on such date
but such payment may be made, and such Securities may be converted or exchanged,
on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at such Place of Payment with
the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or at the
Stated Maturity or Maturity or on such last day for conversion or exchange, and
no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at such




                                      -15-
<PAGE>

time for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity,
Maturity or last day for conversion or exchange, as the case may be, to such
next succeeding Business Day.

SECTION 1.15. COUNTERPARTS.

         This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which
shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same
instrument.

SECTION 1.16. JUDGMENT CURRENCY.

         The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so
under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any
court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or
premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any
series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be
rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the requisite amount of the Required Currency with the
Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which a final
unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to
make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied
by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered
in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required
Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the
actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency
expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in
the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall
fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be
payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other
sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking
Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of
New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are
authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed.

SECTION 1.17. NO SECURITY INTEREST CREATED.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 10.5, nothing in this Indenture or
in any Security, express or implied, shall be construed to constitute a security
interest under the Uniform Commercial Code or similar legislation, as now or
hereafter enacted and in effect in any jurisdiction where property of the
Company or its Subsidiaries is or may be located.

SECTION 1.18. LIMITATION ON INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY.

         No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon
or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, officer
or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company, either directly
or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule
of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it
being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued
hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability
whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators,
shareholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company, or any of them,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by
reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements




                                      -16-
<PAGE>

contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom; and that
any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common
law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights
and claims against, every such incorporator, shareholder, officer or director,
as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under
or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this
Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived
and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of
this Indenture and the issuance of such Security.


                                   ARTICLE 2.
                                SECURITIES FORMS

SECTION 2.1. FORMS GENERALLY.

         Each Registered Security, Bearer Security, Coupon and temporary or
permanent global Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form
established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, shall have such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by or pursuant
to this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such
letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the
officers executing such Security or Coupon as evidenced by their execution of
such Security or Coupon.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without Coupons
and shall not be issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

         Definitive Securities and definitive Coupons shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a
steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such
Securities or Coupons, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or
Coupons.

SECTION 2.2. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

         Subject to Section 6.12, the Trustee's certificate of authentication
shall be in substantially the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.



                                        ____________________,
                                        as Trustee


                                        By _____________________________________
                                           Authorized Officer




                                      -17-
<PAGE>

SECTION 2.3. SECURITIES IN GLOBAL FORM.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Securities, the Securities shall not be issuable in temporary or permanent
global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in global form, any
such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall
represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such series (or
such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time
endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby may from time to time be increased or reduced to
reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of any Security in global form to reflect the
amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of
Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in such
manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the
Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 3.3 or 3.4 with respect
thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable, Section
3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver, in each case at the Company's
expense, any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon
instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the
applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.3 or 3.4 has
been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with
respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not be
accompanied by or contained in an Officer's Certificate and need not be
accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.7, unless otherwise
specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, payment of principal
of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, any
Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the Person or
Persons specified therein.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.8 and except as provided in
the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company
or the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding
Securities represented by a global Security (i) in the case of a global Security
in registered form, the Holder of such global Security in registered form, or
(ii) in the case of a global Security in bearer form, the Person or Persons
specified pursuant to Section 3.1.


                                   ARTICLE 3.
                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 3.1. AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more series.

         With respect to any Securities to be authenticated and delivered
hereunder, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and
set forth in an Officer's Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto,




                                      -18-
<PAGE>

                  (1) the title of such Securities and the series in which such
Securities shall be included;

                  (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of such title or the Securities of such series which may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange
for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 3.4,
3.5, 3.6, 9.5 or 11.7, upon repayment in part of any Registered Security of such
series pursuant to Article 13, upon surrender in part of any Registered Security
for conversion into other securities of the Company or exchange for securities
of another issuer pursuant to its terms, or pursuant to or as contemplated by
the terms of such Securities);

                  (3) if such Securities are to be issuable as Registered
Securities, as Bearer Securities or alternatively as Bearer Securities and
Registered Securities, and whether the Bearer Securities are to be issuable with
Coupons, without Coupons or both, and any restrictions applicable to the offer,
sale or delivery of the Bearer Securities and the terms, if any, upon which
Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities and vice versa;

                  (4) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global
form, when any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i)
whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form
or both, (ii) whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security
may exchange such interests for Securities of the same series and of like tenor
and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances under which
any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section
3.5, and (iii) the name of the Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case
may be, with respect to any such global Security;

                  (5) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer
Securities or in global form, the date as of which any such Bearer Security or
global Security shall be dated (if other than the date of original issuance of
the first of such Securities to be issued);

                  (6) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer
Securities, whether interest in respect of any portion of a temporary Bearer
Security in global form payable in respect of an Interest Payment Date therefor
prior to the exchange, if any, of such temporary Bearer Security for definitive
Securities shall be paid to any clearing organization with respect to the
portion of such temporary Bearer Security held for its account and, in such
event, the terms and conditions (including any certification requirements) upon
which any such interest payment received by a clearing organization will be
credited to the Persons entitled to interest payable on such Interest Payment
Date;

                  (7) the date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by
which such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal of such
Securities is payable;

                  (8) the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear
interest, if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates
are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall
accrue or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be
determined, the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be
payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on
Registered Securities on any Interest Payment Date, whether and under what
circumstances Additional Amounts on such Securities or any of them shall be
payable, the notice, if any, to Holders regarding the determination of interest
on a floating rate




                                      -19-
<PAGE>

Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis upon which interest
shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day
months;

                  (9) if in addition to or other than the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York, the place or places where the principal of, any premium
and interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities shall
be payable, any of such Securities that are Registered Securities may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities may
be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the
Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served, the
extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payment or Additional
Amounts on a global Security on an Interest Payment Date, will be paid and the
manner in which any principal of or premium, if any, on any global Security will
be paid;

                  (10) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at
the option of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or
periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and
conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at
the option of the Company;

                  (11) whether the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase
any of such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at
the option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the
period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms
and conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in
whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the
remarketing of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;

                  (12) the denominations in which any of such Securities that
are Registered Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, and the denominations in which any of
such Securities that are Bearer Securities shall be issuable if other than the
denomination of $5,000;

                  (13) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible
into Common Stock of the Company and/or exchangeable for securities of another
issuer, and if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be
so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions from or modifications or
additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such
convertible or exchangeable Securities or the administration thereof;

                  (14) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion
of the principal amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or
the method by which such portion is to be determined;

                  (15) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which
payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;

                  (16) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at
the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a
Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be
payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and the
other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time
and manner of determining the




                                      -20-
<PAGE>

exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are stated to be
payable and the Currency in which such Securities or any of them are to be paid
pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or modifications of or
additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the
issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election of the Company or
a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency;

                  (17) whether the amount of payments of principal of, any
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities
may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method or methods
(which index, formula or method or methods may be based, without limitation, on
one or more Currencies, commodities, equity securities, equity indices or other
indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in
which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable;

                  (18) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the
Events of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to any of such
Securities, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent
with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;

                  (19) whether either or both of Section 4.2(2) relating to
defeasance or Section 4.2(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be
applicable to the Securities of such series, or any covenants in addition to
those specified in Section 4.2(3) relating to the Securities of such series
which shall be subject to covenant defeasance, and any deletions from, or
modifications or additions to, the provisions of Article 4 in respect of the
Securities of such series;

                  (20) whether any of such Securities are to be issuable upon
the exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to
be authenticated and delivered;

                  (21) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global
form and are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or
upon exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates
or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms
of such certificates, documents or conditions;

                  (22) if there is more than one Trustee, the identity of the
Trustee and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying
Agent or Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities;

                  (23) Any deletions from or modifications or additions to the
provisions of Article 17 in respect of such Securities; and

                  (24) any other terms of such Securities and any other
deletions from or modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of
such Securities.

         All Securities of any one series and all Coupons, if any, appertaining
to Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except as
to Currency of payments due thereunder, denomination and the rate of interest
thereon, or method of determining the rate of interest, if any, Maturity, and
the date from which interest, if any, shall accrue and except as may otherwise
be provided by the Company in or pursuant to the Board Resolution and set forth
in the Officer's Certificate or in any indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto pertaining to such series of Securities. The terms of the Securities of
any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be




                                      -21-
<PAGE>

authenticated and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time
upon written order of persons designated in the Officer's Certificate or
supplemental indenture and that such persons are authorized to determine,
consistent with such Officer's Certificate or any applicable supplemental
indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are
specified in such Officer's Certificate or supplemental indenture. All
Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless
otherwise so provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional
Securities of such series or to establish additional terms of such series of
Securities.

         If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be
established by action taken by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Board
Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officer's Certificate setting forth the terms of such series.

         The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior
Indebtedness as provided in Article 17.

SECTION 3.2. CURRENCY; DENOMINATIONS.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the
principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to the Securities shall be payable in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided
in or pursuant to this Indenture, Registered Securities denominated in Dollars
shall be issuable in registered form without Coupons in denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiple thereof, and the Bearer Securities denominated in
Dollars shall be issuable in the denomination of $5,000. Securities not
denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are
established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture.

SECTION 3.3. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.

         Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman
of the Board, its President, its Chief Financial Officer, its Controller or a
Vice President under its corporate seal reproduced thereon and attested by its
Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. Coupons shall be executed on
behalf of the Company by the President, Chief Financial Officer, Controller or
Treasurer of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the
Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto may be manual or facsimile.

         Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto bearing the manual or
facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of
the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any
of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and
delivery of such Securities and Coupons or did not hold such offices at the date
of original issuance of such Securities or Coupons.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities, together with any Coupons
appertaining thereto, executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication
and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officer's Certificate or
supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities referred to
in Section 3.1 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities have been delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with
the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such
Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture
in




                                      -22-
<PAGE>

relation to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the Trustee
shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of
the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon,

                  (1) an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that:

                      (a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities and
Coupons, if any, have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture;

                      (b) all conditions precedent to the authentication and
delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto, have been
complied with and that such Securities and Coupons, when completed by
appropriate insertions, executed under the Company's corporate seal and attested
by duly authorized officers of the Company, delivered by duly authorized
officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to this
Indenture, and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the
Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of
Counsel, will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of the Company,
enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except as
enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent
transfer or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights
generally, and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether
enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law) and will entitle the
Holders thereof to the benefits of this Indenture; such Opinion of Counsel need
express no opinion as to the availability of equitable remedies;

                      (c) all laws and requirements in respect of the execution
and delivery by the Company of such Securities and Coupons, if any, have been
complied with; and

                      (d) this Indenture has been qualified under the Trust
Indenture Act; and

                  (2) an Officer's Certificate stating that, to the best
knowledge of the Persons executing such certificate, all conditions precedent to
the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if
any, appertaining thereto, have been complied with, and no event which is, or
after notice or lapse of time would become, an Event of Default with respect to
any of the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing.

         If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time,
it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel and an Officer's
Certificate at the time of issuance of each Security, but such opinion and
certificate, with appropriate modifications, shall be delivered at or before the
time of issuance of the first Security of such series. After any such first
delivery, any separate written request by an Authorized Officer of the Company
or any person designated in writing by an Authorized Officer that the Trustee
authenticate and deliver Securities of such series for original issue will be
deemed to be a certification by the Company that all conditions precedent
provided for in this Indenture relating to authentication and delivery of such
Securities continue to have been complied with and that no Event of Default with
respect to any of the Securities has occurred or is continuing.




                                      -23-
<PAGE>

         The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an
Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities if the issue of such
Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights,
duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a
manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or if the Trustee,
being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not lawfully be taken.

         Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Each Bearer Security and any Bearer Security in global form shall be dated as of
the date specified in or pursuant to this Indenture.

         No Security or Coupon appertaining thereto shall be entitled to any
benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless
there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in
the form provided for in Section 2.2 or 6.12 executed by or on behalf of the
Trustee or by the Authenticating Agent by the manual signature of one of its
authorized officers. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive
evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated
and delivered hereunder. Except as permitted by Section 3.6 or 3.7, the Trustee
shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all Coupons
appertaining thereto then matured have been detached and cancelled.

SECTION 3.4. TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

         Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may
execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in Section 3.3, temporary
Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued, in registered form or, if authorized in or pursuant to this
Indenture, in bearer form with one or more Coupons or without Coupons and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers of the Company executing such Securities may determine, as
conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary
Securities may be in global form.

         Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form, which shall
be exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities
are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of the same
series and containing terms and provisions that are identical to those of any
temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such
definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office
or Agency for such Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Upon
surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities (accompanied
by any unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal
amount of definitive Securities of authorized denominations of the same series
and containing identical terms and provisions; provided, however, that no
definitive Bearer Security, except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture,
shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and
provided, further, that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in
exchange for a temporary Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions
set forth in or pursuant to this Indenture. Unless otherwise provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture with respect to a temporary global Security, until so




                                      -24-
<PAGE>

exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be
entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of
such series.

SECTION 3.5. REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

         With respect to the Registered Securities of each series, if any, the
Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein
sometimes referred to as the "Security Register") at an Office or Agency for
such series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may
prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of the Registered
Securities of such series and of transfers of the Registered Securities of such
series. Such Office or Agency shall be the "Security Registrar" for that series
of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or
the Securities, the Trustee shall be the initial Security Registrar for each
series of Securities. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace
from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided
that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor
Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been
appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the
Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be
Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the
right to examine the Security Register for such series at all reasonable times.
There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security
of any series at any Office or Agency for such series, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the
designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of
the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture, of a
like aggregate principal amount bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding and containing identical terms and provisions.

         At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series containing
identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like
aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at
any Office or Agency for such series. Whenever any Registered Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the
exchange is entitled to receive.

         If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, with respect to
Securities of any series, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of such
series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series containing
identical terms, denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture and
in the same aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Bearer Securities
to be exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series, with all unmatured
Coupons and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder
of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured Coupon or Coupons
or matured Coupon or Coupons in default, such exchange may be effected if the
Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company
and the Trustee in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing Coupon or
Coupons, or the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the
Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity
as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If
thereafter the Holder of such Bearer Security shall surrender to any Paying
Agent any such missing Coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been
made, such Holder shall be




                                      -25-
<PAGE>

entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided, however, that, except
as otherwise provided in Section 10.2, interest represented by Coupons shall be
payable only upon presentation and surrender of those Coupons at an Office or
Agency for such series located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such
Office or Agency for such series in exchange for a Registered Security of such
series and like tenor after the close of business at such Office or Agency on
(i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such Office or
Agency on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record
Date and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related
date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be
surrendered without the Coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or
proposed date of payment, as the case may be (or, if such Coupon is so
surrendered with such Bearer Security, such Coupon shall be returned to the
Person so surrendering the Bearer Security), and interest or Defaulted Interest,
as the case may be, shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or
proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered
Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but shall be payable only
to the Holder of such Coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this
Indenture.

         If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to Securities
of any series, at the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of such series
may be exchanged for Bearer Securities upon such terms and conditions as may be
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with respect to such series.

         Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange as contemplated by
the immediately preceding two paragraphs, the Company shall execute, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making
the exchange is entitled to receive.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture, any global Security shall be exchangeable for
definitive Securities only if (i) the Depository is at any time unwilling,
unable or ineligible to continue as depository and a successor depository is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days of the date the Company is so informed
in writing, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company
Order to the effect that such global Security shall be so exchangeable, or (iii)
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the
Securities. If the beneficial owners of interests in a global Security are
entitled to exchange such interests for definitive Securities as the result of
an event described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of the preceding sentence, then
without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on
which such interests may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the
Trustee definitive Securities in such form and denominations as are required by
or pursuant to this Indenture, and of the same series, containing identical
terms and in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such
global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which
such interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered
from time to time by the U.S. Depository or such other Depository as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto, and in accordance with
instructions given to the Trustee and the U.S. Depository or such other
Depository, as the case may be (which instructions shall be in writing but need
not be contained in or accompanied by an Officer's Certificate or be accompanied
by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with
respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be
exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities as described above
without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery,
in exchange for each portion of such surrendered global Security, a like
aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same




                                      -26-
<PAGE>

series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such
global Security to be exchanged, which (unless such Securities are not issuable
both as Bearer Securities and as Registered Securities, in which case the
definitive Securities exchanged for the global Security shall be issuable only
in the form in which the Securities are issuable, as provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture) shall be in the form of Bearer Securities or Registered
Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be specified by the beneficial
owner thereof, but subject to the satisfaction of any certification or other
requirements to the issuance of Bearer Securities; provided, however, that no
such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15
days before any selection of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and
ending on the relevant Redemption Date; and provided, further, that (unless
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture) no Bearer Security
delivered in exchange for a portion of a global Security shall be mailed or
otherwise delivered to any location in the United States. Promptly following any
such exchange in part, such global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to
such Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case may be, or such other
Depository or U.S. Depository referred to above in accordance with the
instructions of the Company referred to above. If a Registered Security is
issued in exchange for any portion of a global Security after the close of
business at the Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on
or after (i) any Regular Record Date for such Security and before the opening of
business at such Office or Agency on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date,
or (ii) any Special Record Date for such Security and before the opening of
business at such Office or Agency on the related proposed date for payment of
interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be
payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case
may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but shall be payable on such
Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to
the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such global Security
shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same
debt and entitling the Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture
as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or
the Security Registrar for such Security) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by
a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by the Holder thereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange, or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge and any other
expenses (including fees and expenses of the Trustee) that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 9.5 or 11.7 not involving any transfer.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the
Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange
any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days
before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of Securities of like tenor
and the same series under Section 11.3 and ending at the close of business on
the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any
Registered Security selected for redemption




                                      -27-
<PAGE>

in whole or in part, except in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part,
the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii) to exchange any Bearer Security
selected for redemption except, to the extent provided with respect to such
Bearer Security, that such Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered
Security of like tenor and the same series, provided that such Registered
Security shall be immediately surrendered for redemption with written
instruction for payment consistent with the provisions of this Indenture or (iv)
to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance
with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder,
except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

SECTION 3.6. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

         If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated Coupon
appertaining to it is surrendered to the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section 3.6, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series containing
identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto corresponding
to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security.

         If there be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to
their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or Coupon,
and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security or Coupon has been acquired by a
bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company's request
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any
such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the
Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains with all
appurtenant Coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen, a new Security of the same
series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a
number not contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto
corresponding to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or
stolen Security or to the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen
Coupon appertains.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6, in case
any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or Coupon has become or is
about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of
issuing a new Security, pay such Security or Coupon; provided, however, that
payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in
Section 10.2, be payable only at an Office or Agency for such Securities located
outside the United States and, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, any interest on Bearer Securities and any Additional Amounts with
respect to such interest shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender
of the Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 3.6, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.




                                      -28-
<PAGE>

         Every new Security, with any Coupons appertaining thereto issued
pursuant to this Section 3.6 in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security,
or in exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon
appertains shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not
the destroyed, lost or stolen Security and Coupons appertaining thereto or the
destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series and any
Coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

         The provisions of this Section 3.6, as amended or supplemented pursuant
to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall be
exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and
remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities or Coupons.

SECTION 3.7. PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS; RIGHTS TO
             INTEREST AND CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS PRESERVED.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered Security
which shall be payable, and are punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered as of the close of
business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any Registered Security
which shall be payable, but shall not be punctually paid or duly provided for,
on any Interest Payment Date for such Registered Security (herein called
"Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder thereof
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder; and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided
in clause (1) or (2) below:

                  (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted
Interest to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor
Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed by
the Company in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in
writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on such
Registered Security, the Special Record Date therefor and the date of the
proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in
respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to
the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment,
such money when so deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Person
entitled to such Defaulted Interest as provided in this clause (1). The Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest shall be not more than 15
days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not
less than 10 days after notification to the Trustee of the proposed payment. The
Trustee shall, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause notice of
the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such
Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it
appears in the Security Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special
Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense
of the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an
Authorized Newspaper of




                                      -29-
<PAGE>

general circulation in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such
publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such
Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest
and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such
Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Registered
Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of
business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to
the following clause (2).

                  (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in
any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be
required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee
of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause (2), such payment shall be
deemed practicable by the Trustee.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of any particular series pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, at the option of the Company, interest on Registered Securities that
bear interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of the Person
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register or by
transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank located in the United
States.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or
in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

         In the case of any Registered Security of any series that is
convertible into other securities of the Company or exchangeable for securities
of another issuer, which Registered Security is converted or exchanged after any
Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date
(other than any Registered Security with respect to which the Stated Maturity is
prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest with respect to which the Stated
Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest
Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion or exchange, and such interest
(whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the
Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more predecessor
Registered Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular
Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding
sentence, in the case of any Registered Security which is converted or
exchanged, interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is after the date
of conversion or exchange of such Registered Security shall not be payable.

SECTION 3.8. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

         Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered in the
Security Register as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of
receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Sections 3.5 and
3.7) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Registered
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with
respect to such Registered Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company,
the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by
notice to the contrary.




                                      -30-
<PAGE>

         The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security or the bearer of any Coupon as the
absolute owner of such Security or Coupon for the purpose of receiving payment
thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or
not any payment with respect to such Security or Coupon shall be overdue, and
none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         No Holder of any beneficial interest in any global Security held on its
behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect
to such global Security, and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the
Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global
Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any
Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability
for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of
beneficial ownership interests of a global Security or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests.

SECTION 3.9. CANCELLATION.

         All Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption,
registration of transfer, exchange or conversion or for credit against any
sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee,
be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities and Coupons, as well as
Securities and Coupons surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose,
shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver
to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and
delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner
whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the
Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted
by or pursuant to this Indenture. All cancelled Securities and Coupons held by
the Trustee shall be destroyed by the Trustee, unless by a Company Order the
Company directs their return to it.

SECTION 3.10. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or in any
Security, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day
year of twelve 30-day months.


                                   ARTICLE 4.
                     SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE

SECTION 4.1. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE.

         Upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture
shall cease to be of further effect and the provisions of Article 17 shall cease
to be effective, with respect to any series of Securities specified in such
Company Order and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and the Trustee, on receipt
of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to
such series, when

                  (1) either




                                      -31-
<PAGE>

                      (a) all Securities of such series theretofore
authenticated and delivered and all Coupons appertaining thereto (other than (i)
Coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities of such series surrendered in exchange
for Registered Securities of such series and maturing after such exchange whose
surrender is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 3.5, (ii)
Securities and Coupons of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen
and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6, (iii) Coupons
appertaining to Securities of such series called for redemption and maturing
after the relevant Redemption Date whose surrender has been waived as provided
in Section 11.7, and (iv) Securities and Coupons of such series for whose
payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in
trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from
such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation; or

                      (b) all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i)
or (ii) below, any Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, (i) have become due and payable, or (ii) will become
due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (iii) if redeemable
at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year
under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of
redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, and
the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to
be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, money in
the Currency in which such Securities are payable in an amount sufficient to pay
and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
including the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional
Amounts with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, to
the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and
payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case may be;

                  (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums
payable hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities of
such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto; and

                  (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

         In the event there are Securities of two or more series hereunder, the
Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to
Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions
thereto are met.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with
respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to the
Trustee under Section 6.7 and, if money shall have been deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations
of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
under Sections 3.5, 3.6, 4.3, 10.2 and 10.3, with respect to the payment of
Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Securities as contemplated by
Section 10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with
respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such
Additional Amounts




                                      -32-
<PAGE>

pursuant to Section 4.1(1)(b)), and with respect to any rights to convert or
exchange such Securities into securities of the Company or another issuer shall
survive.

SECTION 4.2. DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

                  (1) Unless pursuant to Section 3.1, either or both of (i)
defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (2) of this
Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such
series or (ii) covenant defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under
clause (3) of this Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the
Securities of such series, then such provisions, together with the other
provisions of this Section 4.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be
specified pursuant to Section 3.1 with respect to any Securities), shall be
applicable to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and the
Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to such
Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, elect to have Section 4.2(2) or
Section 4.2(3) be applied to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this
Section 4.2.

                  (2) Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable
to this Section 4.2(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the
Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations, and the
provisions of Article 17 shall cease to be effective, with respect to such
Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the date the
conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied
(hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness
represented by such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto,
which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of
clause (5) of this Section 4.2 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred
to in clauses (i) and (ii) below, and to have satisfied all of its other
obligations under such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and this
Indenture insofar as such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto are
concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall
survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of
Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto to
receive, solely from the trust fund described in clause (4) of this Section 4.2
and as more fully set forth in such clause, payments in respect of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if
any, with respect to, such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto when
such payments are due, and any rights of such Holder to convert such Securities
into other securities of the Company or exchange such Securities for securities
of another issuer, (ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with
respect to such Securities under Sections 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3 and with
respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities as
contemplated by Section 10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts
payable with respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect
of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) below), and with
respect to any rights to convert such Securities into other securities of the
Company or exchange such Securities for securities of another issuer, (iii) the
rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (iv)
this Section 4.2. The Company may exercise its option under this Section 4.2(2)
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under clause (3) of this
Section 4.2 with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining
thereto.




                                      -33-
<PAGE>

                  (3) Upon the Company's exercise of the option to have this
Section 4.2(3) apply with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the
Company shall be released from its obligations under Sections 10.5 and 10.6,
and, to the extent specified pursuant to Section 3.1(19), any other covenant
applicable to such Securities, and the provisions of Article 17 shall cease to
be effective as it relates to the aforementioned obligations and covenants, with
respect to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, on
and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2
are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities and any
Coupons appertaining thereto shall thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding"
for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of
Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such
obligation or covenant, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all
other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that,
with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining
thereto, the Company may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in
respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or
such other covenant, or Article, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of
any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or such other covenant, or
Article, or by reason of reference in any such Section or such other covenant,
or Article, to any other provision herein or in any other document and such
omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an Event of Default under
Section 5.1(4) or 5.1(8) or otherwise, as the case may be, but, except as
specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and Coupons
appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.

                  (4) The following shall be the conditions to application of
clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 to any Outstanding Securities of or within
a series and any Coupons appertaining thereto:

                      (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused
to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements
of Section 6.8 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Section 4.2
applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining
thereto, (1) an amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such
Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable at
Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities and
Coupons appertaining thereto (determined on the basis of the Currency in which
such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable
at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and
interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto, money in an amount, or (3) a combination thereof, in any
case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration of any reinvestment of
such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by
the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y) the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Outstanding
Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto at the Stated Maturity of such
principal or installment of principal or premium or interest and (z) any
mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such
Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the days on which
such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
and of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto.




                                      -34-
<PAGE>

                      (b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not
result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this
Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is
a party or by which it is bound.

                      (c) No Event of Default or event which with notice or
lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such
Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and be
continuing on the date of such deposit and, with respect to defeasance only, at
any time during the period ending on the 123rd day after the date of such
deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied
until the expiration of such period).

                      (d) In the case of an election under clause (2) of this
Section 4.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
Counsel stating that (i) the Company has received from the Internal Revenue
Service a letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue
Service a Revenue Ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture,
there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case
to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the
Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto will
not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result
of such defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same
amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if
such defeasance had not occurred.

                      (e) In the case of an election under clause (3) of this
Section 4.2, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of
Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal
income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject
to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same
times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                      (f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, after the 123rd day after the date of
deposit, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be
provided pursuant to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited or
caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) pursuant
to this clause (4) to be held in trust will not be subject to any case or
proceeding (whether voluntary or involuntary) in respect of the Company under
any Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar
law, or any decree or order for relief in respect of the Company issued in
connection therewith.

                      (g) At the time of the deposit, (i) no default in the
payment of any principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Senior
Indebtedness shall have occurred and be continuing, (ii) no event of default
with respect to any Senior Indebtedness shall have resulted in such Senior
Indebtedness becoming, and continuing to be, due and payable prior to the date
on which it would otherwise have become due and payable (unless payment of such
Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for), and (iii) no other
event of default with respect to any Senior Indebtedness shall have occurred and
be continuing permitting (after notice or lapse of time or both) the holders of
such Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of such holders) to declare
such Senior Indebtedness due and payable prior to the date on which it would
otherwise have become due and payable.




                                      -35-
<PAGE>

                      (h) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Officer's Certificate and the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance
or covenant defeasance under clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 (as the case
may be) have been complied with.

                      (i) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section
4.2(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance
with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations which may be
imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section 3.1.

                  (5) Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this
Indenture or any Security, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 4.2(4)(a)
has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was
made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.1 or the terms of
such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the
deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made in respect of such Security,
or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the
deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made, the indebtedness
represented by such Security and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be
deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and
Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Security as the same becomes
due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified
below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited
in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security becomes
payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the
case of payments made pursuant to clause (a) above, the applicable market
exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to
each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable
market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible)
at the time of the Conversion Event.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee (or other qualifying
trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 4.2(5) and Section 4.3, the
"Trustee") against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against
the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 4.2 or the
principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee
or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such
Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Anything in this Section 4.2 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request, any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds
therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 which, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in
excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with
this Section 4.2.




                                      -36-
<PAGE>

SECTION 4.3. APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all
money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant
to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.1 or 4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any
series and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be held in trust and applied
by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and any
Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly
or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying
Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities and any
Coupons appertaining thereto of all sums due and to become due thereon in
respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional Amounts,
if any; but such money and Government Obligations need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. Money and Government
Obligations so held in trust shall not be subject to the provisions of Article
17 except to the extent set forth in Section 17.1. Money and Government
Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 (and held by it
or a Paying Agent) for the payment of Securities subsequently converted shall be
returned to the Company upon Company Request.

SECTION 4.4. REINSTATEMENT.

         If the Trustee or any Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any
order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining
or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section 4.2(2) or 4.2(3) shall be revived and reinstated as
though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such
Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply
all money held in trust pursuant to Section 4.3 with respect to such Securities
in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes
any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Securities
following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment
from the money so held in trust.


                                   ARTICLE 5.
                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 5.1.     EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

         "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article
17, be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant
to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation
of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically
deleted or modified in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board
Resolution or Officer's Certificate establishing the terms of such Series
pursuant to this Indenture:

                  (1) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of
such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such
interest becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and payable, and
continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or




                                      -37-
<PAGE>

                  (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium
on any Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect
thereto, when such principal or premium becomes or such Additional Amounts
become due and payable at their Maturity; or

                  (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when
and as due by the terms of a Security of such series; or

                  (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or
warranty of the Company in this Indenture or the Securities (other than a
covenant or warranty a default in the performance or the breach of which is
elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has been expressly
included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities
other than such series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period
of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the
Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at
least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a
written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (5) if any event of default as defined in any mortgage,
indenture or instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may
be secured or evidenced, any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary (including, in each case, an Event of Default under any other series
of Securities), whether such Indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be
created or incurred, shall happen and shall consist, in the aggregate, of the
default in the payment of $25,000,000 or more in principal amount of such
Indebtedness at the maturity thereof (after giving effect to any applicable
grace period) or shall, in the aggregate, result in such Indebtedness in
principal amount of $25,000,000 or more becoming or being declared due and
payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise become due and payable,
and such default shall not be cured or such acceleration shall not be rescinded,
stayed or annulled or, in the case of Indebtedness contested in good faith by
the Company, a bond, letter of credit, escrow deposit or other cash equivalent
in an amount sufficient to discharge such Indebtedness having been set aside by
the Company, in each case within a period of 10 days after there shall have been
given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such
event of default and requiring the Company to cause such acceleration to be
rescinded or annulled or to cause such Indebtedness to be discharged and stating
that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

                  (6) the entry by a court having competent jurisdiction of:

                      (a) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company
in an involuntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law and such decree or order shall remain
unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

                      (b) a decree or order adjudging the Company to be
insolvent, or approving a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition of the Company and such decree or order shall remain
unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

                      (c) a final and non-appealable order appointing a
custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee or other similar official of
the Company of any substantial part of the property of the Company or ordering
the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the Company; or




                                      -38-
<PAGE>

                  (7) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary proceeding
under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law
or of a voluntary proceeding seeking to be adjudicated insolvent or the consent
by the Company to the entry of a decree or order for relief in an involuntary
proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
similar law or to the commencement of any insolvency proceedings against it, or
the filing by the Company of a petition or answer or consent seeking
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company or relief
under any applicable law, or the consent by the Company to the filing of such
petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver,
liquidator, assignee, trustee or similar official of the Company or any
substantial part of the property of the Company or the making by the Company of
an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the taking of corporate action by
the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

                  (8) any other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture with respect to Securities of such series.

SECTION 5.2. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the
time Outstanding (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (6) or (7)
of Section 5.1) occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee or the Holders of not
less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
may declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, or such lesser
amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, to be due and
payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee
if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal or such
lesser amount shall become immediately due and payable.

         If an Event of Default specified in clause (6) or (7) of Section 5.1
occurs, all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the Outstanding
Securities of that series (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the
Securities of such series) shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and
payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any
Holder of any Security of that series.

         At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and
the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

                  (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
of money sufficient to pay

                      (a) all overdue installments of any interest on and
Additional Amounts with respect to all Securities of such series and any Coupon
appertaining thereto,

                      (b) the principal of and any premium on any Securities of
such series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
acceleration and interest thereon and any Additional Amounts with respect
thereto at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities,




                                      -39-
<PAGE>

                      (c) to the extent that payment of such interest or
Additional Amounts is lawful, interest upon overdue installments of any interest
and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such
Securities, and

                      (d) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and
the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee under
Section 6.7; and

                  (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such
series, other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest
on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which
shall have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, shall have
been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any
right consequent thereon.

SECTION 5.3. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

         The Company covenants that if

                  (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security or any Coupon
appertaining thereto when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become
due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

                  (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of or any
premium on any Security or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at their
Maturity,

the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto,
the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities
and any Coupons appertaining thereto, with interest upon the overdue principal,
any premium and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at
the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount of money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other
amounts due to the Trustee under Section 6.7.

         If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the Trustee
pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in
the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other
obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, wherever
situated.




                                      -40-
<PAGE>

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
and any Coupons appertaining thereto by such appropriate judicial proceedings as
the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or such Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted
herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 5.4. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

         In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other
judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities of any series or the property of the Company or such other obligor or
their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the
Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
on the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium, interest or
Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such
proceeding or otherwise,

                  (1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such
lesser amount as may be provided for in the Securities of any applicable series,
of the principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and
unpaid in respect of the Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and to
file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to
have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or
counsel) and of the Holders of Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto
allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

                  (2) to collect and receive any monies or other property
payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities or any Coupons to make such payments to the Trustee
and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments
directly to the Holders of Securities or any Coupons, to pay to the Trustee any
amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the
Trustee under Section 6.7.

         Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security
or any Coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition
affecting the Securities or Coupons or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to
authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a
Security or any Coupon in any such proceeding.




                                      -41-
<PAGE>

SECTION 5.5. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF
             SECURITIES OR COUPONS.

         All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the
Securities or Coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the
possession of any of the Securities or Coupons or the production thereof in any
proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of the
Securities or Coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

SECTION 5.6. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

         Subject to Article 17, any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to
this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed
by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of
principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of
the Securities or Coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon
of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

         FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any
predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7;

         SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon the
Securities and any Coupons for principal and any premium, interest and
Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money
has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind,
according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such Securities and
Coupons for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts,
respectively;

         THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled thereto.

SECTION 5.7. LIMITATIONS ON SUITS.

         No Holder of any Security of any series or any Coupons appertaining
thereto shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee,
or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

                  (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the
Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such
series;

                  (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

                  (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee such
indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

                  (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and




                                      -42-
<PAGE>

                  (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has
been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture or any Security to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of
any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to
obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to
enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and
for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

SECTION 5.8. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL AND ANY
             PREMIUM, INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of
any Security or Coupon shall have the right, which is absolute and
unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium and (subject
to Sections 3.5 and 3.7) interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect
to, such Security or payment of such Coupon, as the case may be, on the
respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security or
Coupon (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of
repayment at the option of such Holder if provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, on the date such repayment is due) and to convert such Security in
accordance with Article 16 hereof, and to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of
such Holder.

SECTION 5.9. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

         If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security or a Coupon has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been
determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such
case the Company, the Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding had
been instituted.

SECTION 5.10. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons in the last
paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security or a Coupon is intended
to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the
extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.




                                      -43-
<PAGE>

SECTION 5.11. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or
Coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall
impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of
Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article
or by law to the Trustee or to any Holder of a Security or a Coupon may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be.

SECTION 5.12. CONTROL BY HOLDERS OF SECURITIES.

         The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto, provided that

                  (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
law or with this Indenture or with the Securities of such series,

                  (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

                  (3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of
the other Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action.

SECTION 5.13. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

         The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may waive any
past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except
a default

                  (1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or
interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such
series or any Coupons appertaining thereto, or

                  (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under
Article 9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.




                                      -44-
<PAGE>

SECTION 5.14. WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

         The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so)
it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim
or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the
extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any such law and
covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power
herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every
such power as though no such law had been enacted.

SECTION 5.15. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

         All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or
omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its
discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees,
against any party litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good
faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section 5.15 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to
any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate
more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to
any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts,
if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated
Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or
after the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment, on or after the date
for repayment) or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or
exchange any Security into other securities in accordance with its terms.


                                   ARTICLE 6.
                                  THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 6.1. CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

         (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default,

             (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such
duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants
or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

             (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may
conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the
Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of
any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to
examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of
this Indenture but not to verify or confirm the contents thereof.




                                      -45-
<PAGE>

         (b) In case an Event of Default actually known to a Responsible Office
of the Trustee has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such
of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree
of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use
under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

         (c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that

             (1) this paragraph (c) shall not be construed to limit the effect
of paragraph (a) of this Section 6.1;

             (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made
in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the
Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

             (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture.

SECTION 6.2. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1:

             (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected
in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

             (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall
be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case,
other than delivery of any Security, together with any Coupons appertaining
thereto, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3
which shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of
the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

             (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee
shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its
part, request and rely upon an Officer's Certificate;

             (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of
such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it
hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;




                                      -46-
<PAGE>

             (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture at the request or
direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any Coupons
appertaining thereto pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have
offered to the Trustee such security or indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory
to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it
in compliance with such request or direction;

             (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
debenture, coupon or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may, but shall not be obligated to make such further inquiry or
investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee
shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be
entitled to examine, during business hours and upon reasonable notice, the
books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

             (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder
or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder;

             (8) the Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, and Security Registrar
shall have the same protections as the Trustee set forth hereunder;

             (9) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the
performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its
rights or powers;

             (10) whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision
of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or
affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this
Article 6;

             (11) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or
omitted to be taken by it in good faith that is believed to be authorized or
within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture,
unless the Trustee's conduct constitutes negligence;

             (12) the permissive rights of the Trustee to do things enumerated
in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty unless so specified herein;
and

             (13) the Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice or actual
knowledge of any Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any Event of Default is
received by the Trustee pursuant to Section 1.5 hereof. Except as otherwise
expressly provided herein, the Trustee shall not be bound to ascertain or
inquire as to the performance or observance of any of the terms, conditions,
covenants or agreements herein or in any series of Securities.




                                      -47-
<PAGE>

SECTION 6.3. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

         Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with
respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to
all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to
Section 7.3(3), notice of such default hereunder actually known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived;
provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional
Amounts or any sinking fund or purchase fund installment with respect to, any
Security of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a
trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good
faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the best interest of
the Holders of Securities and Coupons of such series; and provided, further,
that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(5)
with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be
given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of
this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after notice or
lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to
Securities of such series.

SECTION 6.4. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, and in any Coupons shall be taken as
the statements of the Company and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating
Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the
Securities or the Coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly
authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities
and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a
Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and
accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee
nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by
the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 6.5. MAY HOLD SECURITIES.

         The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the
Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities or Coupons and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the
Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it
would have if it were not the Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other Person.

SECTION 6.6. MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

         Except as provided in Section 4.3 and Section 10.3, money held by the
Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law and shall be held uninvested. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as
otherwise agreed to in writing with the Company.




                                      -48-
<PAGE>

SECTION 6.7. COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

         The Company agrees:

                  (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable
compensation for all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder (which
compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the
compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

                  (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to
reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any provision of this Indenture or arising out of or in connection with the
acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder (including the
reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and
counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be
attributable to the Trustee's negligence or bad faith; and

                  (3) to indemnify the Trustee and its agents, officers,
directors and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part,
arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the
trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending
themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or
performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent
that any such loss, liability or expense was due to the Trustee's negligence or
bad faith.

         As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under
this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any
series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, and premium or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities or any Coupons
appertaining thereto.

         To the extent permitted by law, any compensation or expense incurred by
the Trustee after a default specified in or pursuant to Section 5.1 is intended
to constitute an expense of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy
or insolvency law. "Trustee" for purposes of this Section 6.7 shall include any
predecessor Trustee but the negligence or bad faith of any Trustee shall not
affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section 6.7.

         The provisions of this Section 6.7 shall survive the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee
and shall apply with equal force and effect to the Trustee in its capacity as
Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent or Security Registrar.

SECTION 6.8. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

         There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any
state thereof or the District of Columbia, that is eligible under Section
310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and
surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture
Act) of at least $50,000,000, and that is subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or state authority. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this
Article.




                                      -49-
<PAGE>

SECTION 6.9.     RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

                  (1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no
appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become
effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant
to Section 6.10.

                  (2) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the
Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by
Section 6.10 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after
the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to such series.

                  (3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the
Company.

                  (4) If at any time:

                      (a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations
imposed upon it under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to
Securities of any series after written request therefor by the Company or any
Holder of a Security of such series who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least six months, or

                      (b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section
6.8 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or
any such Holder, or

                      (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall
be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation,
conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all
Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e)
of the Trust Indenture Act, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide
Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of
such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

                  (5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become
incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for
any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by
or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or
Trustees with respect to the Securities of such series (it being understood that
any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of
one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall
comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.10. If, within one year
after such resignation, removal or incapacity, or the occurrence of such
vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall
be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such appointment in accordance




                                      -50-
<PAGE>

with the applicable requirements of Section 6.10, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner required by
Section 6.10, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and
all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

                  (6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each
removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each
appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series
by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to
the Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of such series as their names and
addresses appear in the Security Register and, if Securities of such series are
issued as Bearer Securities, by publishing notice of such event once in an
Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment located outside the United States.
Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

                  (7) In no event shall any retiring Trustee be liable for the
acts or omissions of any successor Trustee hereunder.

SECTION 6.10. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

                  (1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee
with respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the
request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon
payment of its charges, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to
such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee
and, subject to Section 10.3, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section
6.7.

                  (2) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an
indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such
appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or
desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with
respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed
necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of
this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-




                                      -51-
<PAGE>

trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust
or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder
administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible
for any notice given to, or received by, or any act or failure to act on the
part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the execution and delivery of
such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee
shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee
shall have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or
for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under
this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates other than as hereinafter
expressly set forth, and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed
or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on
request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon
payment of its charges with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates and subject to Section
10.3 shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the
extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held
by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject
to its claim, if any, provided for in Section 6.7.

                  (3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a
successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more
fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such
rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this Section,
as the case may be.

                  (4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a
successor Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person
shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.

SECTION 6.11. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

         Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
Corporation succeeding by sale or otherwise to all or substantially all of the
corporate trust business of the Trustee shall be the successor of the Trustee
hereunder, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on
the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been
authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any successor by
merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt
such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same
effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 6.12. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

         The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to
the Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be
authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of that or
those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer,
partial redemption or partial repayment or pursuant to Section 3.6, and
Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all




                                      -52-
<PAGE>

purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.

         Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and, except
as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, shall at all times be a
Corporation that would be permitted by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee
under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under
applicable law and by its charter to act as an Authenticating Agent and has a
combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of
the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect specified in this Section.

         Any Corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding by sale or otherwise to all or
substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an
Authenticating Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent
hereunder, provided such Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this
Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall (i) mail written notice
of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of
Registered Securities, if any, of the series with respect to which such
Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the
Security Register, and (ii) if Securities of the series are issued as Bearer
Securities, publish notice of such appointment at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in the place where such successor Authenticating Agent has its
principal office if such office is located outside the United States. Any
successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

         The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If the Trustee
makes such payments, it shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments,
subject to the provisions of Section 6.7.

         The provisions of Sections 3.8, 6.4 and 6.5 shall be applicable to each
Authenticating Agent.




                                      -53-
<PAGE>

         If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with respect to one or more
series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may
have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the
following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.



                                        ____________________,
                                        as Trustee


                                        By _____________________________________
                                           as Authenticating Agent


                                        By _____________________________________
                                           Authorized Officer

         If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued at
one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating
Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the
Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original
issuance, the Trustee, if so requested in writing (which writing need not be
accompanied by or contained in an Officer's Certificate by the Company), shall
appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office
in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to such series of
Securities.


                                   ARTICLE 7.
                HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 7.1. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.

         In accordance with Section 312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

                  (1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each series
not later than May 1 and November 1 of the year or upon such other dates as are
set forth in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental
hereto authorizing such series, a list, in each case in such form as the Trustee
may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the
applicable date, and

                  (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time
such list is furnished,

provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar no such
list shall be required to be furnished.




                                      -54-
<PAGE>

SECTION 7.2. PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

         The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant
to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act.

         Every Holder of Securities or Coupons, by receiving and holding the
same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company, the
Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held accountable by
reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses
of the Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 312(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived,
and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any
material pursuant to a request made under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture
Act.

SECTION 7.3. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

                  (1) Within 60 days after September 15 of each year commencing
with the first September 15 following the first issuance of Securities pursuant
to Section 3.1, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a
brief report dated as of such September 15 with respect to any of the events
specified in said Section 313(a) which may have occurred since the later of the
immediately preceding September 15 and the date of this Indenture.

                  (2) The Trustee shall transmit the reports required by Section
313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein.

                  (3) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted in
the manner and to the Persons required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 7.4. REPORTS BY COMPANY.

         The Company, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act,
shall:

                  (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and
of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of
any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the
Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended; or, if the Company is not required to file information,
documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall file
with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations
prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and
periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to
Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in respect of a
security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be
prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations;

                  (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance
with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the
Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required
from time to time by such rules and regulations; and




                                      -55-
<PAGE>

                  (3) transmit within 30 days after the filing thereof with the
Trustee, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as
may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.


                                   ARTICLE 8.
                         CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES

SECTION 8.1. COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS.

         The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company), or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any
other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), and the Company shall
not permit any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) to
consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the
Company; unless:

                  (1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into
another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an
entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by
such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which
acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets
of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety shall be a
Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of
America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly
assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one
Trustee) supplemental hereto, executed by the successor Person and delivered to
the Trustee the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities and
the performance of every obligation in this Indenture and the Outstanding
Securities on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and shall
provide for conversion or exchange rights in accordance with the provisions of
the Securities (and in the case of conversion Article 16 hereof as well) of any
series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or other
securities;

                  (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and
treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or a
Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the
Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default
or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of
Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

                  (3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have
delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and,
if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied
with.




                                      -56-
<PAGE>

SECTION 8.2. SUCCESSOR PERSON SUBSTITUTED FOR COMPANY.

         Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger of the Company
into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance
with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is
made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and
power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and thereafter, except in
the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be released from all
obligations and covenants under this Indenture, the Securities and the Coupons.


                                   ARTICLE 9.
                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 9.1. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

         Without the consent of any Holders of Securities or Coupons, the
Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee,
at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, for any of the following purposes:

                  (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the
Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the
Company, contained herein and in the Securities; or

                  (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of
the Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such
supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company; or

                  (3) to add to or change any of the provisions of this
Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal,
to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of, any
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities, to
permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to
permit Bearer Securities to be exchanged for Bearer Securities of other
authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities
in uncertificated form, provided any such action shall not adversely affect the
interests of the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series or any Coupons
appertaining thereto in any material respect; or

                  (4) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series
and any Coupons appertaining thereto as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

                  (5) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall
be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section
6.10; or




                                      -57-
<PAGE>

                  (6) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any
provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions
arising under this Indenture which shall not adversely affect the interests of
the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding or any Coupons
appertaining thereto in any material respect; or

                  (7) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions,
limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of
issue, authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth; or

                  (8) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to
all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental
indenture); or

                  (9) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to
such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and
discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article 4, provided that any
such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an
Outstanding Security of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto or any
other Outstanding Security or Coupon in any material respect; or

                  (10) to secure the Securities pursuant to Section 10.5 or
otherwise; or

                  (11) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange
rights of Holders of Securities pursuant to Article 16; or

                  (12) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein or
in any supplemental indenture, provided that no such amendment or supplement
shall materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any Securities
then Outstanding.

SECTION 9.2. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

         With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Company's Board
Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in
any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
under this Indenture or of the Securities of such series; provided, however,
that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby, shall

                  (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any
premium or installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to,
any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate (or modify the
calculation of such rate) of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with
respect thereto, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or
otherwise, or change the obligation of the Company to pay Additional Amounts
pursuant to the terms hereof (except as contemplated by Section 8.1(1) and
permitted by Section 9.1(1)), or reduce the amount of the principal of an
Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 or
the amount thereof provable in




                                      -58-
<PAGE>

bankruptcy pursuant to Section 5.4, change the redemption provisions or
adversely affect the right of repayment at the option of any Holder as
contemplated by Article 13, or change the Place of Payment, Currency in which
the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with
respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for
the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or,
in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of
repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the date for repayment), or
modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of the
Securities in a material manner adverse to the Holders, or

                  (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required
for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required
for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or
certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this
Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 15.4 for quorum or voting, or

                  (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13
or Section 10.8, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without
the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, or

                  (4) make any change that adversely affects the right to
convert or exchange any Security into or for securities of the Company or other
securities (whether or not issued by the Company), cash or property in
accordance with its terms (except as otherwise provided in Section 9.1(11)).

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which shall have been included expressly and
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under
this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance
thereof.

SECTION 9.3. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created
by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications
thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to
receive, and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully
protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and an
Officer's Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to the execution of
such supplemental indenture have been fulfilled. The Trustee may, but shall not
be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.




                                      -59-
<PAGE>

SECTION 9.4. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of a Security theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
and of any Coupon appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 9.5. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

         Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

SECTION 9.6. CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

         Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

SECTION 9.7. NOTICE OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE.

         Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 9.2, the Company shall transmit to
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series affected thereby a notice
setting forth the substance of such supplemental indenture.


                                   ARTICLE 10.
                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 10.1. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, ANY PREMIUM, INTEREST AND ADDITIONAL
AMOUNTS.

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of,
any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the
Securities of such series in accordance with the terms thereof, any Coupons
appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Any interest due on any Bearer Security
on or before the Maturity thereof, and any Additional Amounts payable with
respect to such interest, shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender
of the Coupons appertaining thereto for such interest as they severally mature.

SECTION 10.2. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

         The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series (but not Bearer
Securities, except as otherwise provided below, unless such Place of Payment is
located outside the United States) may be presented or surrendered for payment,
where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer
or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or
exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices
and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of




                                      -60-
<PAGE>

such series relating thereto and this Indenture may be served. If Securities of
a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company shall maintain, subject
to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, an Office or Agency in a Place of
Payment for such series which is located outside the United States where
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented
and surrendered for payment; provided, however, that if the Securities of such
series are listed on The Stock Exchange of the United Kingdom and the Republic
of Ireland or the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock exchange located
outside the United States and such stock exchange shall so require, the Company
shall maintain a Paying Agent in London, Luxembourg or any other required city
located outside the United States, as the case may be, so long as the Securities
of such series are listed on such exchange. The Company will give prompt written
notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such
Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such
required Office or Agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address
thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or
served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, except that Bearer
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented
and surrendered for payment at the place specified for the purpose with respect
to such Securities as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and the Company
hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, no
payment of principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts with respect to
Bearer Securities shall be made at any Office or Agency in the United States or
by check mailed to any address in the United States or by transfer to an account
maintained with a bank located in the United States; provided, however, if
amounts owing with respect to any Bearer Securities shall be payable in Dollars,
payment of principal of, any premium or interest on and any Additional Amounts
with respect to any such Security may be made at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee or any Office or Agency designated by the Company in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, if (but only if) payment of the full amount of
such principal, premium, interest or Additional Amounts at all offices outside
the United States maintained for such purpose by the Company in accordance with
this Indenture is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other
similar restrictions.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an Office
or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other Office or Agency. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, the Company hereby designates as the Place of Payment for each series
of Securities the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, and initially
appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as the Office or Agency of
the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such purpose.
The Company may subsequently appoint a different Office or Agency in the Borough
of Manhattan, The City of New York for the Securities of any series.




                                      -61-
<PAGE>

         Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated
in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency, or so long
as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company
will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required,
at least one exchange rate agent.

SECTION 10.3. MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

         If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the
principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to
any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the
Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the principal
or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums
shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and
shall promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the principal
of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the currency
or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies
described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal or any
premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be held in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such Paying
Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action
or failure so to act.

         The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:

                  (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal
of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to
Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of
as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture;

                  (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or
any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any
payment of principal, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with
respect to the Securities of such series; and

                  (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default,
upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums
so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order
direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the
Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same
terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such




                                      -62-
<PAGE>

Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
sums.

         Except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money
deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in
trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of any series or any Coupon
appertaining thereto and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal
or any such premium or interest or any such Additional Amounts shall have become
due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then
held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such
Security or any Coupon appertaining thereto shall thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all
liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money,
and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease;
provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required
to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be
published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such
series or to be mailed to Holders of Registered Securities of such series, or
both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication
or mailing nor shall it be later than two years after such principal and any
premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any
unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 10.4. ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

         If any Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional
Amounts, the Company agrees to pay to the Holder of any such Security or any
Coupon appertaining thereto Additional Amounts as provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or such Securities. Whenever in this Indenture there is
mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any series or any Coupon or the
net proceeds received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series,
such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional
Amounts provided by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant
hereto to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or
would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention
of the payment of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provision hereof
shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions
hereof where such express mention is not made.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of the applicable series, if the Securities of a series provide for
the payment of Additional Amounts, at least 10 days prior to the first Interest
Payment Date with respect to such series of Securities (or if the Securities of
such series shall not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a
payment of principal is made), and at least 10 days prior to each date of
payment of principal or interest if there has been any change with respect to
the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officer's Certificate, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee and the principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if
other than the Trustee, an Officer's Certificate instructing the Trustee and
such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment of principal of and
premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series shall be made to
Holders of Securities of such series or the Coupons appertaining thereto who are
United States Aliens without withholding for or on account of any tax,
assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of such
series. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officer's




                                      -63-
<PAGE>

Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld
on such payments to such Holders of Securities or Coupons, and the Company
agrees to pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts
required by the terms of such Securities. The Company covenants to indemnify the
Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on
their part arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any
of them in reliance on any Officer's Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section 10.4.

SECTION 10.5. LIMITATION ON MORTGAGES AND LIENS.

         The Company will not at any time directly or indirectly issue, assume,
guarantee or permit to exist any indebtedness secured by a mortgage, pledge,
lien or other encumbrance (any mortgage, pledge, lien or other encumbrance being
hereinafter in this Section referred to as a "lien") on any of its property or
assets or any property or assets of a Restricted Subsidiary, whether now owned
or hereafter acquired, without making effective provisions whereby the
Securities then outstanding (and, if the Company so elects, any other
indebtedness ranking on a parity with the Securities) shall be equally and
ratably secured with any such secured indebtedness, so long as any such other
indebtedness shall be secured; provided, however, that the foregoing covenant
shall not be applicable to the following:

                  (1) liens in existence on the date of this Indenture; or

                  (2) liens on real estate (including liens existing in respect
of such real estate at the time of acquisition thereof) securing indebtedness in
an amount not in excess of 100% of the fair value of the real estate at the time
of creation of such indebtedness (as determined by the Board of Directors); or

                  (3) liens arising from the acquisition of a business as a
going concern (whether by merger, acquisition of a controlling stock interest,
acquisition of assets or otherwise) or to which assets acquired by the Company
or a Restricted Subsidiary in partial or complete satisfaction of secured
indebtedness are subject; or

                  (4) liens to secure the extension, renewal or replacement of
any indebtedness secured by any of the liens referred to in (1), (2) or (3)
above, provided that there shall not be an increase in the amount of
indebtedness secured by such extension, renewal or replacement; or

                  (5) liens of taxes or assessments or governmental charges or
levies not then due and delinquent or the validity of which is being contested
in good faith or which are less than $10,000,000 in amount; pledges or deposits
to secure public or statutory obligations including liens and deposits required
or provided for under state insurance laws and similar regulatory statutes;
materialmen's, mechanics', carrier's, workmen's, repairmen's or other like
liens, and pledges or deposits made in the ordinary course of business to obtain
the release of such liens; liens created by or resulting from any litigation or
legal proceeding which is being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings or which involve claims of less than $10,000,000; deposits to secure
(or in lieu of) surety, stay, appeal or customs bonds; deposits to secure the
payment of taxes, assessments, customs duties or other similar charges;
landlords liens on property held under lease; and any other liens similar to
those described in this clause (5), the existence of which does not, in the
opinion of the Company, materially impair the use by the Company or the
Restricted Subsidiary of the affected property in the operation of its business,
or the value of such property for the purpose of such business.




                                      -64-
<PAGE>

SECTION 10.6. LIMITATION UPON SALES OF CAPITAL STOCK OF RESTRICTED SUBSIDIARIES.

         The Company will not sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of (except to
a Restricted Subsidiary), and it will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to
sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of (except to the Company or to a Restricted
Subsidiary), all or any portion of the shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted
Subsidiary, unless such Capital Stock shall be disposed of for a consideration
consisting of cash or other property, which, in the opinion of the Board of
Directors, is at least equal to the fair value thereof.

         For the purposes of this Indenture, "Restricted Subsidiary" shall mean
a Subsidiary including Subsidiaries of any Subsidiary, which meets any of the
following conditions:

                  (1) the Company's and its other Subsidiaries' investments in
and advances to the Subsidiary exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and
its Subsidiaries consolidated as of the end of the most recently completed
fiscal year; or

                  (2) the Company's and its other Subsidiaries' proportionate
share of the total assets (after inter-company eliminations) of the Subsidiary
exceeds 10% of the total assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries consolidated
as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year; or

                  (3) the Company's and its other Subsidiaries' equity in the
income from continuing operations before income taxes, extraordinary items and
cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of the Subsidiary exceeds
10% of such income of the Company and its Subsidiaries consolidated for the most
recently completed fiscal year.

         For purposes of making the prescribed income test in clause (3) of the
preceding sentence, when a loss has been incurred by either the Company and its
Subsidiaries consolidated or the tested Subsidiary, but not both, the equity in
the income or loss of the tested subsidiary shall be excluded from the income of
the Company and its Subsidiaries consolidated for purposes of the computation
and if income of the Company and its Subsidiaries consolidated for the most
recent fiscal year is at least 10% lower than the average of the income for the
last five years, such average income shall be substituted for purposes of the
computation and any loss years shall be omitted for purposes of computing
average income.

SECTION 10.7. CORPORATE EXISTENCE.

         Subject to Article 8, the Company shall do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate
existence and that of each of its Restricted Subsidiaries and their respective
rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however, that the
foregoing shall not obligate the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries
to preserve any such right or franchise if the Company or any such Restricted
Subsidiary shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable
in the conduct of its business or the business of such Restricted Subsidiary and
that the loss thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to any
Holder.

SECTION 10.8. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

         The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any
term, provision or condition set forth in Section 10.5, 10.6 or 10.7 with
respect to the Securities of any series if before the




                                      -65-
<PAGE>

time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either
shall waive such compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived
compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall
extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations
of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term,
provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 10.9. COMPANY STATEMENT AS TO COMPLIANCE; NOTICE OF CERTAIN DEFAULTS.

                  (1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days
after the end of each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be
contained in or accompanied by an Officer's Certificate) signed by the principal
executive officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting
officer of the Company, stating that

                      (a) a review of the activities of the Company during such
year and of its performance under this Indenture has been made under his or her
supervision, and

                      (b) to the best of his or her knowledge, based on such
review, (a) the Company has complied with all the conditions and covenants
imposed on it under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has been a
default in the fulfillment of any such condition or covenant, specifying each
such default known to him or her and the nature and status thereof, and (b) no
event has occurred and is continuing which is, or after notice or lapse of time
or both would become, an Event of Default, or, if such an event has occurred and
is continuing, specifying each such event known to him and the nature and status
thereof.

                  (2) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within five days
after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any Event of Default or any
event which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of
Default pursuant to clause (4) of Section 5.1.

                  (3) The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the Company's
compliance with the covenants contained in this Article 10 other than as
specifically set forth in this Section 10.9.


                                   ARTICLE 11.
                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 11.1.    APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         Redemption of Securities of any series at the option of the Company as
permitted or required by the terms of such Securities shall be made in
accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise provided
herein or pursuant hereto) this Article.

SECTION 11.2.    ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election
of the Company of (a) less than all of the Securities of any series or (b) all
of the Securities of any series, with the same issue date, interest rate or
formula, Stated Maturity and other terms, the Company shall, at least 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee),




                                      -66-
<PAGE>

notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of
Securities of such series to be redeemed.

SECTION 11.3. SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

         Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, if less than
all of the Securities of any series with the same issue date, interest rate or
formula, Stated Maturity and other terms are to be redeemed, the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding Securities of such series
not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem
fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of
portions of the principal amount of Registered Securities of such series;
provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of
the principal amount of a Registered Security of such series not redeemed to
less than the minimum denomination for a Security of such series established
herein or pursuant hereto.

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption,
the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

         Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of any series, if any Security selected for partial redemption is
converted into other securities of the Company or exchanged for securities of
another issuer in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right
with respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted portion
of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected
for redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a
selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as
Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.

SECTION 11.4.    NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

         Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section
1.6, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless
a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to the Holders
of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner
herein provided to the Holder of any Registered Securities designated for
redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such
Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Securities or portion thereof.

         Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Registered Securities in
the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly
given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

                  (1) the Redemption Date,




                                      -67-
<PAGE>

                  (2) the Redemption Price,

                  (3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are
to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the
principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed,

                  (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the
notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the
Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security
will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

                  (5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall
become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be
redeemed, and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease to accrue on and
after said date,

                  (6) the place or places where such Securities, together (in
the case of Bearer Securities) with all Coupons appertaining thereto, if any,
maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the
Redemption Price and any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining
thereto,

                  (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the
case,

                  (8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer
Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied
by all Coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for redemption or the
amount of any such missing Coupon or Coupons will be deducted from the
Redemption Price, unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the
Trustee and any Paying Agent is furnished,

                  (9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and
no Registered Securities of such series are to be redeemed, and if such Bearer
Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption
on the Redemption Date pursuant to Section 3.5 or otherwise, the last date, as
determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made,

                  (10) in the case of Securities of any series that are
convertible into Common Stock of the Company or exchangeable for other
securities, the conversion or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which
the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such series
to be redeemed will commence or terminate and the place or places where such
Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and

                  (11) the CUSIP number or the Euroclear or the Cedel reference
numbers of such Securities, if any (or any other numbers used by a Depository to
identify such Securities).

         A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 1.6 need
not identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.

         Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of
the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.




                                      -68-
<PAGE>

SECTION 11.5. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

         On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with
respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption pursuant to
Section 11.4, with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is
acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in
Section 10.3) an amount of money in the applicable Currency sufficient to pay
the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest
Payment Date, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1 or in the
Securities of such series) any accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with
respect thereto, all such Securities or portions thereof which are to be
redeemed on that date, other than any Securities called for redemption on that
date which have been converted prior to the date of such deposit (as described
in Section 11.3).

         If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited
with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for
the redemption of such Security shall (subject to any right of the Holder of
such Security or any Predecessor Security to receive interest as provided in the
last paragraph of Section 3.7) be paid to the Company upon Company Request or,
if then held by the Company, shall be discharged from such trust.

SECTION 11.6. SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

         Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so
to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest and the Coupons for such
interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the
extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for
redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all Coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be
paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with any accrued interest
and Additional Amounts to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, except
as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Bearer Securities
of such series, installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated
Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of Coupons for such interest (at an Office or Agency
located outside the United States except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2),
and provided, further, that, except as otherwise specified in or pursuant to
this Indenture or the Registered Securities of such series, installments of
interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the
Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or
more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the
Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of
Section 3.7.

         If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal
to the face amount of all such missing Coupons, or the surrender of such missing
Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be
furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of
them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security
shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing Coupon in
respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price,
such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided,
however, that any




                                      -69-
<PAGE>

interest or Additional Amounts represented by Coupons shall be payable only upon
presentation and surrender of those Coupons at an Office or Agency for such
Security located outside of the United States except as otherwise provided in
Section 10.2.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid,
shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

SECTION 11.7. SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

         Any Registered Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at any Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or
the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer
in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder
thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such
Security without service charge, a new Registered Security or Securities of the
same series, containing identical terms and provisions, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so
surrendered. If a Security in global form is so surrendered, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the U.S. Depository
or other Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in
the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a
new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so
surrendered.


                                   ARTICLE 12.
                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 12.1. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise permitted or
required in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security of such series issued
pursuant to this Indenture.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series and this Indenture.

SECTION 12.2. SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

         The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the
terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities of such series
(other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of
such Securities in respect of which cash shall have been released to the
Company), together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all
unmatured Coupons




                                      -70-
<PAGE>

appertaining thereto, and (2) apply as a credit Securities of such series which
have been converted pursuant to Article 16 or which have been redeemed either at
the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities
or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant
to the terms of such Securities, provided that such series of Securities have
not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited
for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such
Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If, as a result of
the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments
pursuant to this Section 12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such series
to be redeemed in order to satisfy the remaining sinking fund payment shall be
less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for
redemption, except upon Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by
the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund
payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the
request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any
cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by
the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that series purchased by the Company
having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be
released to the Company.

SECTION 12.3.    REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

         Not less than 75 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer's
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund
payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of
Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2, and the optional amount, if
any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and
will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not
theretofore delivered. If such Officer's Certificate shall specify an optional
amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment,
the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.
Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee
shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date
in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption
thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the
manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 11.6 and 11.7.


                                   ARTICLE 13.
                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

SECTION 13.1. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the
Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with
the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment of any principal
amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment
of Securities before their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section 3.9, shall
not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the Indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option,
shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee with a directive that such
Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in
this Section 13.1, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company
may arrange for the purchase of any




                                      -71-
<PAGE>

Securities by an agreement with one or more investment bankers or other
purchasers to purchase such Securities by paying to the Holders of such
Securities on or before the close of business on the repayment date an amount
not less than the repayment price payable by the Company on repayment of such
Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment price of such
Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to the extent such payment is so
paid by such purchasers.


                                   ARTICLE 14.
                        SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES

SECTION 14.1. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

         Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the
determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in
which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency, or (ii)
any distribution to Holders of Securities, in the absence of any provision to
the contrary in the form of Security of any particular series or pursuant to
this Indenture or the Securities, any amount in respect of any Security
denominated in a Currency other than Dollars shall be treated for any such
action or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such
amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with
respect to Registered Securities of such series (if any) for such action,
determination of rights or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable
record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such action,
determination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written
notice to the Trustee.


                                   ARTICLE 15.
                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

SECTION 15.1. PURPOSES FOR WHICH MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED.

         A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any
time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act
provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities
of such series.

SECTION 15.2. CALL, NOTICE AND PLACE OF MEETINGS.

                  (1) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 15.1, to be held
at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, or, if Securities of such series have been issued in whole or in part as
Bearer Securities, in London or in such place outside the United States as the
Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general
terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the
manner provided in Section 1.6, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to
the date fixed for the meeting.

                  (2) In case at any time the Company (by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution) or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a
meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in
Section 15.1, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action
proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed
notice of or made the first publication of the




                                      -72-
<PAGE>

notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request (whichever
shall be required pursuant to Section 1.6) or shall not thereafter proceed to
cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders
of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be,
may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of
New York, or, if Securities of such series are to be issued as Bearer
Securities, in London for such meeting and may call such meeting for such
purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (1) of this Section.

SECTION 15.3. PERSONS ENTITLED TO VOTE AT MEETINGS.

         To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of
such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for
a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such
Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to
speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons
entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the
Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

SECTION 15.4. QUORUM; ACTION.

         The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of
Holders of Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum within 30
minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if
convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved.
In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of
such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any reconvened meeting, such
reconvened meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of
such reconvened meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting
shall be given as provided in Section 15.2(1), except that such notice need be
given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting
is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting
shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

         Except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution
presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is
present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;
provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any
resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act which this Indenture expressly provides may
be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less
than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series
may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such
specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series.

         Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be
binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series




                                      -73-
<PAGE>

and the Coupons appertaining thereto, whether or not such Holders were present
or represented at the meeting.

SECTION 15.5. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS; CONDUCT AND
              ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS.

                  (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture,
the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for
any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series in regard to proof of the
holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in
regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and
examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem
appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations,
the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4
and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in
Section 1.4 or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy
witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by
Section 1.4 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may
provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may
be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.4 or
other proof.

                  (2) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a
temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by
the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 15.2(2), in which
case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting,
as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A
permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by
vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

                  (3) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such series
or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of
Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no
vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security
challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not
Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as
a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

                  (4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly
called pursuant to Section 15.2 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned
from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the
meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

SECTION 15.6. COUNTING VOTES AND RECORDING ACTION OF MEETINGS.

         The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be
subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of
their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of
the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The
permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who
shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who
shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written
reports in triplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in
triplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series shall be prepared by the secretary of




                                      -74-
<PAGE>

the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of
the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by
one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the
notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in
Section 15.2 and, if applicable, Section 15.4. Each copy shall be signed and
verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the
meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company and another to the
Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the
ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be
conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.


                                   ARTICLE 16.
                            CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 16.1. CONVERSION PRIVILEGE.

         Subject to and upon compliance with the provisions of this Article, at
the option of the Holder thereof, Securities of any series or any portion of the
principal amount thereof which is $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 (or
in the case of Bearer Securities, a principal amount or portion of $5,000 or an
integral multiple of $5,000) may be converted at the principal amount thereof,
or of such portion thereof, into fully paid and nonassessable shares (calculated
as to each conversion to the nearest 1/100 of a share) of Common Stock of the
Company, in accordance with the terms of such series of Securities and (except
as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1) in accordance with this
Article. In case a Security or portion thereof is called for redemption, such
conversion right in respect of the Security or portion so called shall expire at
the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Redemption
Date, unless the Company defaults in making the payment due upon redemption or
the applicable Security provides otherwise.

         The price at which shares of Common Stock shall be delivered upon
conversion, which shall be specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, shall be
referred to herein as the "conversion price." The conversion price shall be
adjusted in certain instances as provided in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5),
(6) and (10) of Section 16.4.

SECTION 16.2 EXERCISE OF CONVERSION PRIVILEGE.

         In order to exercise the conversion privilege, the Holder of any
Security to be converted shall surrender such Security, duly endorsed or
assigned to the Company or in blank, at any office or agency of the Company
maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section 10.2, accompanied by written
notice to the Company at such office or agency that the Holder elects to convert
such Security or, if less than the entire principal amount thereof is to be
converted, the portion thereof to be converted (in the case of Bearer
Securities, any Bearer Security surrendered for conversion pursuant to this
Article must be accompanied by all Coupons maturing subsequent to the date of
surrender of such Bearer Security for conversion or the amount of any such
missing Coupons will be deducted from the amount due on such Security used to
determine the amount of shares of Common Stock such Bearer Security may be
converted into). Securities surrendered for conversion during the period from
the close of business on any Regular Record Date next preceding any Interest
Payment Date to the opening of business on such Interest Payment Date shall
(except in the case of Securities or portions thereof which have been called for
redemption on a Redemption Date such that the conversion right of such
Securities would terminate between such Regular Record Date and the close of
business on such Interest Payment Date) be




                                      -75-
<PAGE>

accompanied by payment in funds reasonably acceptable to the Company of an
amount equal to the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date on the
principal amount of Securities being surrendered for conversion (with similar
provision to be made for Bearer Securities). The interest so payable on such
Interest Payment Date with respect to any Security (or portion thereof, if
applicable) which is surrendered for conversion during the period from the close
of business on any Regular Record Date next preceding any Interest Payment Date
to the opening of business on such Interest Payment Date and which Security has
been called for redemption on a Redemption Date with the consequence that the
conversion right of such Security would terminate between such Regular Record
Date and the close of business on such Interest Payment Date shall be paid to
the Holder of such Security being converted in an amount equal to the interest
that would have been payable on such Security if such Security had been
converted as of the close of business on such Interest Payment Date. The
interest so payable on such Interest Payment Date in respect of any Security (or
portion thereof, as the case may be) that has not been called for redemption on
a Redemption Date with the consequence of termination of the conversion right as
aforesaid, which Security (or portion thereof, as the case may be) is
surrendered for conversion during the period from the close of business on any
Regular Record Date next preceding any Interest Payment Date to the opening of
business on such Interest Payment Date, shall be paid to the Holder of such
Security as of such Regular Record Date. Interest payable in respect of any
Security surrendered for conversion on or after an Interest Payment Date shall
be paid to the Holder of such Security as of the next preceding Regular Record
Date, notwithstanding the exercise of the right of conversion. Except as
provided in this paragraph and subject to the last paragraph of Section 3.7, no
cash payment or adjustment shall be made upon any conversion on account of any
interest accrued from the Interest Payment Date next preceding the conversion
date, in respect of any Security (or part thereof, as the case may be)
surrendered for conversion, or on account of any dividends on the Common Stock
issued upon conversion. The Company's delivery to the Holder of the number of
shares of Common Stock (and cash in lieu of fractions thereof, as provided in
this Indenture) into which a Security is convertible will be deemed to satisfy
the Company's obligation to pay the principal amount of the Security.

         Securities shall be deemed to have been converted immediately prior to
the close of business on the day of surrender of such Securities for conversion
in accordance with the foregoing provisions, and at such time the rights of the
Holders of such Securities as Holders shall cease, and the Person or Persons
entitled to receive the Common Stock issuable upon conversion shall be treated
for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Stock at such
time. As promptly as practicable on or after the conversion date, the Company
shall issue and shall deliver at such office or agency a certificate or
certificates for the number of full shares of Common Stock issuable upon
conversion, together with payment in lieu of any fraction of a share, as
provided in Section 16.3.

         In the case of any Security which is converted in part only, upon such
conversion the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security or
Securities of authorized denominations in aggregate principal amount equal to
the unconverted portion of the principal amount of such Security.

SECTION 16.3. FRACTIONS OF SHARES.

         No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued upon conversion of
Securities. If more than one Security shall be surrendered for conversion at one
time by the same Holder, the number of full shares which shall be issuable upon
conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the




                                      -76-
<PAGE>

aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions thereof) so
surrendered. Instead of any fractional share of Common Stock which would
otherwise be issuable upon conversion of any Security or Securities (or
specified portions thereof), the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect
of such fraction in an amount equal to the same fraction of the closing price
per share of Common Stock (as determined in the manner described in the second
sentence of Section 16.4(8)) at the close of business on the day of conversion.

SECTION 16.4. ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE.

                  (1) In case the Company shall pay or make a dividend or other
distribution on any class of capital stock of the Company in Common Stock, the
conversion price in effect at the opening of business on the day following the
date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such
dividend or other distribution shall be reduced by multiplying such conversion
price by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding at the close of business on the date fixed for such
determination and the denominator shall be the sum of such number of shares and
the total number of shares constituting such dividend or other distribution,
such reduction to become effective immediately after the opening of business on
the day following the date fixed for such determination. If, after any such date
fixed for determination, any dividend or distribution is not in fact paid, the
conversion price shall be immediately readjusted, effective as of the date the
Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the
conversion price that would have been in effect if such determination date had
not been fixed. For the purposes of this paragraph (1), the number of shares of
Common Stock at any time outstanding shall not include shares held in the
treasury of the Company but shall include shares issuable in respect of scrip
certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares of Common Stock. The Company
will not pay any dividend or make any distribution on shares of Common Stock
held in the treasury of the Company.

                  (2) In case the Company shall issue rights or warrants to all
holders of its Common Stock entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares
of Common Stock at a price per share less than the current market price per
share (determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section) of the Common
Stock on the dated fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to
receive such rights or warrants, the conversion price in effect at the opening
of business on the day following the date fixed for such determination shall be
reduced by multiplying such conversion price by a fraction of which the
numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at the close
of business on the date fixed for such determination plus the number of shares
of Common Stock which the aggregate of the offering price of the total number of
shares of Common Stock so offered for subscription or purchase would purchase at
such current market price and the denominator shall be the number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding at the close of business on the date fixed for such
determination plus the number of shares of Common Stock so offered for
subscription or purchase, such reduction to become effective immediately after
the opening of business on the day following the date fixed for determination.
If, after any such date fixed for determination, any such rights or warrants are
not in fact issued, the conversion price shall be immediately readjusted,
effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to issue such
rights or warrants, to the conversion price that would have been in effect if
such determination date had not been fixed. For the purposes of this paragraph
(2), the number of shares of Common Stock at any time outstanding shall not
include shares held in the treasury of the Company but shall include shares
issuable in respect of scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares
of Common Stock. The Company will not issue any rights or warrants in respect of
shares of Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company.




                                      -77-
<PAGE>

                  (3) In case outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be
subdivided into a greater number of shares of Common Stock, the conversion price
in effect at the opening of business on the day following the day upon which
such subdivision becomes effective shall be proportionately reduced, and,
conversely, in case outstanding shares of Common Stock shall each be combined
into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock, the conversion price in effect
at the opening of business on the day following the day upon which such
combination becomes effective shall be proportionately increased, such reduction
or increase, as the case may be, to become effective immediately after the
opening of business on the day following the day upon which such subdivision or
combination becomes effective.

                  (4) In case the Company shall, by dividend or otherwise,
distribute to all holders of its Common Stock evidences of its indebtedness or
assets (including securities, but excluding any rights or warrants referred to
in paragraph (2) of this Section, any dividend or distribution paid exclusively
in cash and any dividend or distribution referred to in paragraph (1) of this
Section), the conversion price shall be adjusted so that the same shall equal
the price determined by multiplying the conversion price in effect immediately
prior to the close of business on the date fixed for the determination of
shareholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction of which the
numerator shall be the current market price share (determined as provided in
paragraph (8) of this Section) of the Common Stock on the date fixed for such
determination less the then fair market value (as determined by the Board of
Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive and described in a Board
Resolution filed with the Trustee) of the portion of the assets or evidences of
indebtedness so distributed applicable to one share of Common Stock and the
denominator shall be such current market price per share of the Common Stock,
such adjustment to become effective immediately prior to the opening of business
on the day following the date fixed for the determination of shareholders
entitled to receive such distribution. If, after any such date fixed for
determination, any such distribution is not in fact made, the conversion price
shall be immediately readjusted, effective as of the date the Board of Directors
determines not to make such distribution, to the conversion price that would
have been in effect if such determination date had not been fixed.




                                      -78-
<PAGE>

                  (5) In case the Company shall, by dividend or otherwise,
distribute to all holders of its Common Stock cash (excluding any cash that is
distributed as part of a distribution referred to in paragraph (4) of this
Section) in an aggregate amount that, combined together with (I) the aggregate
amount of any other cash distributions to all holders of its Common Stock made
exclusively in cash within the 12 months preceding the date of payment of such
distribution and in respect of which no adjustment pursuant to this paragraph
(5) has been made and (II) the aggregate of any cash plus the fair market value
(as determined by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be
conclusive and described in a Board Resolution and filed with the Trustee) of
consideration payable in respect of any tender offer by the Company or any of
its subsidiaries for all or any portion of the Common Stock concluded within the
12 months preceding the date of payment of such distribution and in respect of
which no adjustment pursuant to paragraph (6) of this Section has been made (the
"combined cash and tender amount") exceeds 10% of the product of the current
market price per share (determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section)
of the Common Stock on the date for the determination of holders of shares of
Common Stock entitled to receive such distribution times the number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding on such date (the "aggregate current market price"),
then, and in each such case, immediately after the close of business on such
date for determination, the conversion price shall be adjusted so that the same
shall equal the price determined by multiplying the conversion price in effect
immediately prior to the close of business on the date fixed for determination
of the stockholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction (i) the
numerator of which shall be equal to the current market price per share
(determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section) of the Common Stock on
the date fixed for such determination less an amount equal to the quotient of
(x) the excess of such combined cash and tender amount over such aggregate
current market price divided by (y) the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding on such date for determination and (ii) the denominator of which
shall be equal to the current market price per share (determined as provided in
paragraph(8) of this Section) of the Common Stock on such date for
determination.

                  (6) In case a tender offer made by the Company or any
subsidiary of the Company for all or any portion of the Common Stock shall
expire and such tender offer (as amended upon the expiration thereof) shall
require the payment to stockholders (based on the acceptance (up to any maximum
specified in the terms of the tender offer) of Purchased Shares (as defined
below)) of an aggregate consideration having a fair market value (as determined
by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive and described
in a Board Resolution and filed with the Trustee) that combined together with
(I) the aggregate of the cash plus the fair market value (as determined by the
Board of Directors, whose determination shall be conclusive and described in a
Board Resolution and filed with the Trustee), as of the expiration of such
tender offer, of consideration payable in respect of any other tender offer by
the Company or any subsidiary of the Company for all or any portion of the
Common Stock expiring within the 12 months preceding the expiration of such
tender offer and in respect of which no adjustment pursuant to this paragraph
(6) has been made and (II) the aggregate amount of any cash distributions to all
holders of the Company's Common Stock within 12 months preceding the expiration
of such tender offer and in respect of which no adjustment pursuant to paragraph
(5) of this Section has been made (the "combined tender and cash amount")
exceeds 10% of the product of the current market price per share of the Common
Stock (determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section) as of the last
time (the "Expiration Time") tenders could have been made pursuant to such
tender offer (as it may be amended) times the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding (including any tendered shares) as of the Expiration Time, then, and
in each such case, immediately prior to the opening of business on the day after
the date of the Expiration Time, the conversion price shall be adjusted so that
the same shall equal the price determined by multiplying the




                                      -79-
<PAGE>

conversion price immediately prior to close of business on the date of the
Expiration Time by a fraction (i) the numerator of which shall be equal to (A)
the product of (I) the current market price per share of the Common Stock
(determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section) on the date of the
Expiration Time multiplied by (II) the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding (including any tendered shares) on the Expiration Time less (B) the
combined tender and cash amount, and (ii) the denominator of which shall be
equal to the product of (A) the current market price per share of the Common
Stock (determined as provided in paragraph (8) of this Section) as of the
Expiration Time multiplied by (B) the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding (including any tendered shares) as of the Expiration Time less the
number of all shares validly tendered and not withdrawn as of the Expiration
Time (the shares deemed so accepted up to any such maximum, being referred to as
the "Purchased Shares").

                  (7) The reclassification of Common Stock into securities
including other than Common Stock (other than any reclassification upon a
consolidation or merger to which Section 12.11 applies) shall be deemed to
involve (a) a distribution of such securities other than Common Stock to all
holders of Common Stock (and the effective date of such reclassification shall
be deemed to be "the date fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled
to receive such distribution" and "the date fixed for such determination" within
the meaning of paragraph (4) of this Section) and (b) a subdivision or
combination, as the case may be, of the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately prior to such reclassification into the number of shares
of Common Stock outstanding immediately thereafter (and the effective date of
such reclassification shall be deemed to be "the day upon which such subdivision
becomes effective" or "the day upon which such combination becomes effective,"
as the case may be, and "the day upon which such subdivision or combination
becomes effective" within the meaning of paragraph (3) of this Section).

                  (8) For the purpose of any computation under paragraphs (2),
(4), (5) and (6) of this Section, the current market price per share of Common
Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices
for the five consecutive Trading Days selected by the Company commencing not
more than 20 Trading Days before, and ending not later than, the earlier of the
day in question and the day before the "ex" date (as described below) with
respect to the issuance or distribution requiring such computation. The closing
price for each day shall be the last reported sales price regular way or, in
case no such reported sale takes place on such day, the average of the reported
closing bid and asked prices regular way, in either case on the New York Stock
Exchange or, if the Common Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on such
Exchange, on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common
Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading
on any national securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market, or, if the
Common Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities
exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, the average of the closing bid
and asked prices in the over-the-counter market as furnished by any New York
Stock Exchange member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that
purpose. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "'ex' date", when used with
respect to any issuance or distribution, means the first date on which the
Common Stock trades regular way on such exchange or in such market without the
right to receive such issuance or distribution.

                  (9) No adjustment in the conversion price shall be required
unless such adjustment (plus any adjustments not previously made by reason of
this paragraph (9)) would require an increase or decrease of at least one
percent in such price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason
of this paragraph (9) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and
taken into




                                      -80-
<PAGE>

account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Article shall
be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one-hundredth of a share, as the
case may be.

                  (10) The Company may make such reductions in the conversion
price, in addition to those required by paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and
(6) of this Section, as it considers to be advisable in order that any event
treated for federal income tax purposes as a dividend of stock or stock rights
shall not be taxable to the recipients.

         To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Company from time to
time may reduce the conversion price by any amount for any period of time if the
period is at least twenty (20) days and the Board of Directors shall have made a
determination that such reduction would be in the best interests of the Company,
which determination shall be conclusive. Whenever the conversion price is
reduced pursuant to the preceding sentence, the Company shall give notice of the
reduction to the Holders of Securities in the manner provided in Section 1.6 at
least fifteen (15) days prior to the date the reduced conversion price takes
effect, and such notice shall state the reduced conversion price and the period
during which it will be in effect.

SECTION 16.5. NOTICE OF ADJUSTMENTS OF CONVERSION PRICE.

         Whenever the conversion price is adjusted as herein provided:

         (a) the Company shall compute the adjusted conversion price in
accordance with Section 16.4 and shall prepare a certificate signed by the
Treasurer of the Company, or other applicable officer, setting forth the
adjusted conversion price and showing in reasonable detail the facts upon which
such adjustment is based, and such certificate shall forthwith be filed at each
office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant
to Section 10.2; and

         (b) a notice stating that the conversion price has been adjusted and
setting forth the adjusted conversion price shall forthwith be required, and as
soon as practicable after it is required, such notice shall be mailed by the
Company to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall appear in the
Security Register.

SECTION 16.6. NOTICE OF CERTAIN CORPORATE ACTION.

         In case:

         (a) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution) on
its Common Stock payable (i) otherwise than exclusively in cash or (ii)
exclusively in cash in an amount that would require any adjustment pursuant to
Section 16.4;

         (b) the Company shall authorize the granting to the holders of its
Common Stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any other rights;

         (c) of any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company (other
than a subdivision or combination of its outstanding shares of Common Stock), or
of any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party and for which
approval of any shareholders of the Company is required, or of the sale or
transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or




                                      -81-
<PAGE>

         (d) of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up of the Company;

then the Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for
the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant to Section 10.2, and shall
cause to be mailed to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall appear
in the Security Register or as otherwise allowed by Section 1.6, at least 20
days (or ten days in any case specified in clause (a) or (b) above) prior to the
applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)
the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
distribution, rights or warrants, or, if a record is not to be taken, the date
as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such
dividend, distribution, rights or warrants are to be determined, or (y) the date
on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer,
dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be
entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale,
transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up.

         The Company shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained
for the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant to Section 10.2, and shall
cause to be provided to all Holders in accordance with Section 1.6, notice of
any tender offer by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company for all or any
portion of the Common Stock at or about the time that such notice of tender
offer is provided to the public generally.

SECTION 16.7. COMPANY TO RESERVE COMMON STOCK.

         The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock, for the
purpose of effecting the conversion of Securities, the full number of shares of
Common Stock then issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding Securities.

SECTION 16.8. TAXES ON CONVERSIONS.

         The Company will pay any and all taxes that may be payable in respect
of the issue or delivery of shares of Common Stock on conversion of Securities
pursuant hereto. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax
which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and
delivery of shares of Common Stock in a name other than that of the Holder of
the Security or Securities to be converted, and no such issue or delivery shall
be made unless and until the Person requesting such issue has paid to the
Company the amount of any such tax, or has established to the satisfaction of
the Company that such tax has been paid.

SECTION 16.9. COVENANT AS TO COMMON STOCK.

         The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock which may be
issued upon conversion of Securities will upon issue be fully paid and
nonassessable and, except as provided in Section 16.8, the Company will pay all
taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof.

SECTION 16.10. CANCELLATION OF CONVERTED SECURITIES.

         All Securities delivered for conversion shall be delivered to the
Trustee to be cancelled by or at the direction of the Trustee, which shall
dispose of the same as provided in Section 3.9.




                                      -82-
<PAGE>

SECTION 16.11. PROVISIONS IN CASE OF CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OF SALE OF ASSETS.

         In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the
Company into, any other Person, any merger of another Person into the Company
(other than a merger which does not result in any reclassification, conversion,
exchange or cancellation of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company)
or any sale or transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the assets
of the Company, the Person formed by such consolidation or resulting from such
merger or which acquires such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and
deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture providing that the Holder of
each Security then Outstanding shall have the right thereafter, during the
period such Security shall be convertible as specified in Section 16.1, to
convert such Security only into the kind and amount of securities, cash and
other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer or
conveyance by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock of the Company
into which such Security might have been converted immediately prior to such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer or conveyance, assuming such holder of
Common Stock of the Company (i) is not a Person with which the Company
consolidated or into which the Company merged or which merged into the Company
or to which such sale or transfer was made, as the case may be ("constituent
Person"), or an Affiliate of a constituent Person and (ii) failed to exercise
his rights of election, if any, as to the kind or amount of securities, cash and
other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer or
conveyance (provided that if the kind or amount of securities, cash and other
property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer is not the
same for each share of Common Stock of the Company held immediately prior to
such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by others than a constituent Person
or an Affiliate thereof and in respect of which such rights of election shall
not have been exercised ("nonelecting share"), then for the purpose of this
Section the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable
upon such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer by each nonelecting share
shall be deemed to be the kind and amount so receivable per share by a plurality
of the nonelecting shares). Such supplemental indenture shall provide for
adjustments which, for events subsequent to the effective date of such
supplemental indenture, shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to
the adjustments provided for in this Article. The above provisions of this
Section shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers, sales or
transfers. Notice of the execution of such a supplemental indenture shall be
given by the Company to the Holder of each Security as provided in Section 1.6
promptly upon such execution.

         The Company shall be solely responsible for performing the duties and
responsibilities contained in this Article and the Trustee shall have no
responsibility therefor.


                                   ARTICLE 17.
                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 17.1. SECURITIES SUBORDINATE TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

         The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security, by his
acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that, to the extent and in
the manner hereinafter set forth in this Article, the Indebtedness represented
by the Securities and the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest on each and all of the Securities are hereby expressly made subordinate
and subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior
Indebtedness.




                                      -83-
<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a deposit referred to in Section
4.2(4)(a) is made pursuant to Section 4.2(2) or Section 4.2(3) with respect to
any Securities (and provided all other conditions set out in Section 4.2(4)
shall have been satisfied with respect to such Securities), then, following such
deposit or following the 123rd day after such deposit with respect to defeasance
only, no money or Government Obligations so deposited, and no proceeds thereon,
will be subject to any rights of holders of Senior Indebtedness, including any
such rights arising under this Article 17.

SECTION 17.2. PAYMENT OVER OF PROCEEDS UPON DISSOLUTION, ETC.

         In the event of (a) any insolvency or bankruptcy case or proceeding, or
any receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar case or
proceeding in connection therewith, relative to the Company or to its creditors,
as such, or to its assets, or (b) any liquidation, dissolution or other winding
up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary and whether or not involving
insolvency or bankruptcy, or (c) any assignment for the benefit of creditors or
any other marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company, then and in any
such event the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled to receive
payment in full of all amounts due or to become due on or in respect of all
Senior Indebtedness, or provision shall be made for such payment in cash or cash
equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness, before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any
payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
securities (including any payment or distribution which may be payable or
deliverable by reason of the payment of any other Indebtedness of the Company
subordinated to the payment of the Securities), on account of principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on the Securities or on account of any purchase or
other acquisition of Securities by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company
(all such payments, distributions, purchases and acquisitions herein referred
to, individually and collectively, as a "Securities Payment"), and to that end
the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled to receive, for application
to the payment thereof, any Securities Payment.

         In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
Section, the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall have received any
Securities Payment, before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full or payment
thereof provided for in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner
satisfactory to holders of Senior Indebtedness, and if such fact shall, at or
prior to the time of such Securities Payment, have been made known to the
Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such
Securities Payment shall be paid over or delivered forthwith to the trustee in
bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee, agent or other
Person making payment or distribution of assets of the Company for application
to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid, to the extent
necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness in full, after giving effect to any
concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness.
Any taxes that have been withheld or deducted from any Securities Payment, or
any taxes that ought to have been withheld or deducted from any such Securities
Payment that have been remitted to the relevant taxing authority, shall not be
considered to be an amount that the Trustee or the Holder of any Security
receives for purposes of this Section.




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<PAGE>

         For purposes of this Article only, the words "cash, property or
securities" shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company as
reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation
provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment which are subordinated
in right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness which may at the time be
outstanding to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent than,
the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this Article. The
consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another
Person or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the conveyance
or transfer of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another
Person upon the terms and conditions set forth in Article 8 shall not be deemed
a dissolution, winding up, liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the
benefit of creditors or marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company for
the purposes of this Section if the Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or which acquires by conveyance or transfer such
properties and assets substantially as an entirety, as the case may be, shall,
as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the
conditions set forth in Article 8.

SECTION 17.3. NO PAYMENT WHEN SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS IN DEFAULT.

         Anything in this Indenture to the contrary notwithstanding, no
Securities Payment shall be made by or on behalf of the Company (i) unless full
payment of amounts then due for principal and interest and of all other
obligations then due on all Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided
for pursuant to the terms of the instrument governing such Senior Indebtedness,
(ii) if, at the time of such payment, redemption, purchase or other acquisition,
or immediately after giving effect thereto, there shall exist under any Senior
Indebtedness, or any agreement pursuant to which any Senior Indebtedness is
issued, any default, which default shall not have been cured or waived and which
default shall have resulted in the full amount of such Senior Indebtedness being
declared due and payable or (iii) if, at the time of such payment, redemption,
purchase or other acquisition, the Trustee shall have received written notice
from the holder or holders of any Senior Indebtedness or their representative or
representatives (a "Payment Blockage Notice") that there exists under such
Senior Indebtedness, or any agreement pursuant to which such Senior Indebtedness
is issued, any default, which default shall not have been cured or waived,
permitting the holders thereof to declare the full amount of such Senior
Indebtedness due and payable, but only for the period (the "Payment Blockage
Period") commencing on the date of receipt of the Payment Blockage Notice and
ending (unless earlier terminated by notice given to the Trustee by the Holders
of such Senior Indebtedness) on the earlier of (A) the date on which such event
of default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist or the
Senior Indebtedness to which such default relates shall have been discharged or
(B) 180 days from the receipt of the Payment Blockage Notice; provided, however,
that nothing in this Section shall prevent the satisfaction of any sinking fund
payment in accordance with Article 12 hereof by delivery and crediting pursuant
to Section 12.2 Securities which have been acquired (upon redemption or
otherwise) prior to the acceleration of any such default listed in (i) or (ii)
directly above or prior to receipt of any Payment Blockage Notice. Upon
termination of a Payment Blockage Period, payments on account of principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on the Securities, and redemptions, purchases or
other acquisitions may be made by or on behalf of the Company. Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, (A) only one Payment Blockage Notice may be
given during any period of 360 consecutive days with respect to the same event
of default and any other events of default on the same issue of Senior
Indebtedness existing and known to the person giving such notice at the time of
such notice and (B) no new Payment Blockage Period may be commenced by the
holder or holders of the same issue of Senior Indebtedness or their
representative or representatives during any period of 360 consecutive days
unless all events of default which were the object of the immediately preceding
Payment Blockage




                                      -85-
<PAGE>

Notice, and any other event of default on the same issue of Senior Indebtedness
existing and known to the person giving such notice at the time of such notice,
have been cured or waived for a period of at least 90 consecutive days.

         In the event that, notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 17.3,
payments are made by or on behalf of the Company in contravention of the
provisions of this Section 17.3, such payments shall be held by the Trustee, any
Paying Agent or the Holders, as applicable, in trust for the benefit of, and
shall be paid over to and delivered to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness or
their representative or the trustee under the indenture or other agreement (if
any), pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Indebtedness may
have been issued, as their respective interests may appear, for application to
the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary
to pay all Senior Indebtedness in full in accordance with the terms of such
Senior Indebtedness, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
distribution to or for the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

         The provisions of this Section shall not apply to any payment with
respect to which Section 17.2 would be applicable.

SECTION 17.4 RELIANCE BY SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS ON SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS.

         Each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof acknowledges and
agrees that the foregoing subordination provisions are, and are intended to be,
an inducement and a consideration for each holder of any Senior Indebtedness,
whether such Senior Indebtedness was created or acquired before or after the
issuance of the Securities, to acquire and continue to hold, or to continue to
hold, such Senior Indebtedness, and such holder of Senior Indebtedness shall be
deemed conclusively to have relied on such subordination provisions in acquiring
and continuing to hold or in continuing to hold such Senior Indebtedness.

SECTION 17.5. PAYMENT PERMITTED IF NO DEFAULT.

         Nothing contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in
any of the Securities shall prevent (a) the Company, at any time except during
the pendency of any case, proceeding, dissolution, liquidation or other winding
up, assignment for the benefit of creditors or other marshalling of assets and
liabilities of the Company referred to in Section 17.2 or under the conditions
described in Section 17.3, from making Securities Payments, or (b) the
application by the Trustee of any money deposited with it hereunder to
Securities Payments or the retention of such Securities Payments by the Holders,
if, at the time of such application by the Trustee, it did not have knowledge
that such Securities Payments would have been prohibited by the provisions of
this Article.

SECTION 17.6. SUBROGATION TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

         Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness or the
provision for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner
satisfactory to the holders of Senior Indebtedness, the Holders of the
Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or distributions
made to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of
this Article (equally and ratably with the holders of all indebtedness of the
Company which by its express terms is subordinated to indebtedness of the
Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities are subordinated and
is entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights of the holders of such
Senior Indebtedness to receive payments and distributions of cash, property and
securities applicable to the Senior Indebtedness until the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full. For
purposes




                                      -86-
<PAGE>

of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior
Indebtedness of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders of the
Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this
Article, and no payments over pursuant to the provisions of this Article to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee,
shall, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior
Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment or
distribution by the Company to or on account of the Senior Indebtedness.

SECTION 17.7. PROVISIONS SOLELY TO DEFINE RELATIVE RIGHTS.

         The provisions of this Article are and are intended solely for the
purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities on the
one hand and the holders of Senior Indebtedness on the other hand. Nothing
contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is
intended to or shall (a) impair, as among the Company, its creditors other than
holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities, the obligation
of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional (and which, subject to the
rights under this Article of the holders of Senior Indebtedness, is intended to
rank equally with all other general obligations of the Company), to pay to the
Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on
the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance
with their terms; or (b) affect the relative rights against the Company of the
Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than the holders of
Senior Indebtedness; or (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security
from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default
under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article of the
holders of Senior Indebtedness to receive cash, property and securities
otherwise payable or deliverable to the Trustee or such Holder.

SECTION 17.8. TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION.

         Each holder of a Security by his acceptance thereof authorizes and
directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or
appropriate to effectuate the subordination provided in this Article and
appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

SECTION 17.9. NO WAIVER OF SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS.

         No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to
enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be
prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company
or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any
non-compliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this
Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof any such holder may have or be
otherwise charged with.

         Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing paragraph,
the holders of Senior Indebtedness may, at any time and from time to time,
without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders of the
Securities, without incurring responsibility to the Holders of the Securities
and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article or
the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the holders of
Senior Indebtedness, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner,
place or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter,
Senior Indebtedness, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner Senior
Indebtedness or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which
Senior Indebtedness is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise
deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing Senior
Indebtedness; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the collection
of Senior




                                      -87-
<PAGE>

Indebtedness; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against
the Company and any other Person.

SECTION 17.10. NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

         The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any fact
known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the
Trustee in respect of the Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of this
Article or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be
charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the
making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities, unless
and until the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the
Company or a holder of Senior Indebtedness or from any trustee therefor; and,
prior to the receipt of any such written notice, the Trustee, subject to the
provisions of Section 6.1, shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no
such facts exist.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be entitled
to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing
himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee therefor) to
establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or
a trustee therefor). In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that
further evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder
of Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to
this Article, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the
reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior Indebtedness
held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate
in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of
such Person under this Article, and if such evidence is not furnished, the
Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as
to the right of such Person to receive such payment.

SECTION 17.11. RELIANCE ON JUDICIAL ORDER OR CERTIFICATE OF LIQUIDATING AGENT.

         Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to
in this Article, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, and the
Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree
entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such insolvency,
bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution, winding up
or similar case or proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the trustee in
bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee for the benefit
of creditors, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution,
delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities, for the purpose of
ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or
distribution, the holders of the Senior Indebtedness and other indebtedness of
the Company, the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid
or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article.

SECTION 17.12. TRUSTEE NOT FIDUCIARY FOR HOLDERS OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

         The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness and shall not be liable to any such holders if it
shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of Securities
or to the Company or to any other Person cash, property or securities to which
any holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be entitled by virtue of this Article
or otherwise.




                                      -88-
<PAGE>

SECTION 17.13. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AS HOLDER OF SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS; PRESERVATION
               OF TRUSTEE'S RIGHTS.

         The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the
rights set forth in this Article with respect to any Senior Indebtedness which
may at any time be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior
Indebtedness, and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of
its rights as such holder.

         Nothing in this Article shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the
Trustee under or pursuant to Section 6.7.

SECTION 17.14. ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS.

         In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have
been appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee"
as used in this Article shall in such case (unless the context otherwise
requires) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within
its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were
named in this Article in addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided,
however, that Section 17.13 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of
the Company if it or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

SECTION 17.15. DEFEASANCE OF THIS ARTICLE 17.

         The subordination of the Securities provided by this Article 17 is
expressly made subject to the provisions for defeasance in Section 4.2(2) hereof
or covenant defeasance in Section 4.2(3) hereof and, anything herein to the
contrary notwithstanding, upon the effectiveness of any such defeasance or
covenant defeasance, the Securities then outstanding shall thereupon cease to be
subordinated pursuant to this Article 17.



                           [Intentionally left blank]




                                      -89-
<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed, all
as of the day and year first above written.



[SEAL]                                   SAFECO CORPORATION

Attest:



                                         By: ___________________________________
                                             Name:
                                             Title:


[SEAL]                                   ____________________,
                                         as Trustee



                                         By: ___________________________________
                                             Name:
                                             Title:




                                      -90-