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[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 1282 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 1282

     To require certain entities who collect and maintain personal 
 information of individuals to secure such information and to provide 
    notice to such individuals in the case of a breach of security 
          involving such information, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           February 14, 2019

Mr. Rush (for himself, Ms. Blunt Rochester, and Ms. Clarke of New York) 
 introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
                          Energy and Commerce

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
     To require certain entities who collect and maintain personal 
 information of individuals to secure such information and to provide 
    notice to such individuals in the case of a breach of security 
          involving such information, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Data Accountability and Trust Act''.

SEC. 2. REQUIREMENTS FOR INFORMATION SECURITY.

    (a) General Security Policies and Procedures.--
            (1) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate 
        regulations under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, 
        that require each covered entity to establish and implement 
        policies and procedures regarding information security 
        practices for the treatment and protection of personal 
        information taking into consideration--
                    (A) the size of and the nature, scope, and 
                complexity of the activities engaged in by such covered 
                entity;
                    (B) the sensitivity of any personal information at 
                issue;
                    (C) the current state of the art in administrative, 
                technical, and physical safeguards for protecting such 
                information; and
                    (D) the cost of implementing such safeguards.
            (2) Requirements.--The regulations required pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall include a requirement that the policies and 
        procedures include the following:
                    (A) A written security policy with respect to the 
                collection, use, sale, other dissemination, and 
                maintenance of the personal information.
                    (B) The identification of an officer or other 
                individual as the point of contact with responsibility 
                for the management of information security.
                    (C) A process for identifying and assessing any 
                reasonably foreseeable vulnerability in any system 
                maintained by the covered entity that contains such 
                data, including regular monitoring for a breach of 
                security of any such system.
                    (D) A process for--
                            (i) taking preventive and corrective action 
                        to mitigate against any vulnerability 
                        identified in the process required by 
                        subparagraph (C), which may include 
                        implementing any changes to security practices 
                        and the architecture, installation, or 
                        implementation of network or operating 
                        software; and
                            (ii) regularly testing or otherwise 
                        monitoring the effectiveness of the key 
                        controls, systems, and procedures of the 
                        safeguards.
                    (E) A process for disposing of data containing 
                personal information by shredding, permanently erasing, 
                or otherwise modifying the personal information 
                contained in such data to make such personal 
                information permanently unreadable or undecipherable.
                    (F) A process for overseeing persons to whom 
                personal information is disclosed, or who have access 
                to internet-connected devices, by--
                            (i) taking reasonable steps to select and 
                        retain persons that are capable of maintaining 
                        appropriate safeguards for the personal 
                        information or internet-connected devices at 
                        issue; and
                            (ii) requiring all such persons to 
                        implement and maintain such safeguards.
            (3) Treatment of entities governed by other federal law.--
        Any covered entity who is in compliance with any other Federal 
        law that requires the covered entity to maintain standards and 
        safeguards for information security and protection of personal 
        information that, taken as a whole and as the Commission shall 
        determine in the rulemaking required under this subsection, 
        provide protections substantially similar to, or greater than, 
        those required under this subsection, shall be deemed to be in 
        compliance with this subsection.
    (b) Special Requirements for Information Brokers.--
            (1) Submission of policies to the ftc.--The regulations 
        promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) shall include a 
        requirement for an information broker to submit each security 
        policy of the broker to the Commission in conjunction with a 
        notification of a breach of security under section 3 or upon 
        request of the Commission.
            (2) Post-breach audit.--For any information broker required 
        to provide notification under section 3, the Commission may 
        conduct audits of the information security practices of such 
        information broker, or require the information broker to 
        conduct independent audits of such practices (by an independent 
        auditor who has not audited the information broker's security 
        practices during the preceding 5 years).
            (3) Accuracy of and individual access to personal 
        information.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to 
        subsection (a) shall include a requirement for the following:
                    (A) Accuracy.--
                            (i) In general.--Each information broker to 
                        establish reasonable procedures to assure the 
                        maximum possible accuracy of the personal 
                        information the information broker collects, 
                        assembles, or maintains, and any other 
                        information the information broker collects, 
                        assembles, or maintains that specifically 
                        identifies an individual, other than 
                        information which merely identifies an 
                        individual's name or address.
                            (ii) Limited exception for fraud 
                        databases.--The requirement in clause (i) shall 
                        not prevent the collection or maintenance of 
                        information that may be inaccurate with respect 
                        to a particular individual when that 
                        information is being collected or maintained 
                        solely--
                                    (I) for the purpose of indicating 
                                whether there may be a discrepancy or 
                                irregularity in the personal 
                                information that is associated with an 
                                individual; and
                                    (II) to help identify, or 
                                authenticate the identity of, an 
                                individual, or to protect against or 
                                investigate fraud or other unlawful 
                                conduct.
                    (B) Consumer access to information.--Each 
                information broker to--
                            (i) provide to each individual whose 
                        personal information the information broker 
                        maintains (at the individual's request at least 
                        once per year, at no cost to the individual, 
                        and after verifying the identity of the 
                        individual), a means for the individual to 
                        review any personal information regarding such 
                        individual maintained by the information broker 
                        and any other information maintained by the 
                        information broker that specifically identifies 
                        the individual, other than information which 
                        merely identifies an individual's name or 
                        address; and
                            (ii) place a conspicuous notice on the 
                        internet website of the information broker (if 
                        the information broker maintains such a 
                        website) instructing individuals how to request 
                        access to the information required to be 
                        provided under clause (i), and, as applicable, 
                        how to express a preference with respect to the 
                        use of personal information for marketing 
                        purposes.
                    (C) Disputed information.--
                            (i) In general.--Whenever an individual 
                        whose information the information broker 
                        maintains makes a written request disputing the 
                        accuracy of the information, the information 
                        broker, after verifying the identity of the 
                        individual making such request and unless there 
                        are reasonable grounds to believe such request 
                        is frivolous or irrelevant, to--
                                    (I) correct any inaccuracy; or
                                    (II) in the case of information 
                                that is--
                                            (aa) public record 
                                        information, inform the 
                                        individual of the source of the 
                                        information, and, if reasonably 
                                        available, where a request for 
                                        correction may be directed and, 
                                        if the individual provides 
                                        proof that the public record 
                                        has been corrected or that the 
                                        information broker was 
                                        reporting the information 
                                        incorrectly, correct the 
                                        inaccuracy in the information 
                                        broker's records; or
                                            (bb) nonpublic information, 
                                        note the information that is 
                                        disputed, including the 
                                        individual's statement 
                                        disputing such information, and 
                                        take reasonable steps to 
                                        independently verify such 
                                        information under the 
                                        procedures outlined in 
                                        subparagraph (A) if such 
                                        information can be 
                                        independently verified.
                            (ii) Structure for dispute process.--A 
                        basic structure for the dispute process 
                        described in clause (i) which shall be in 
                        writing, require an online option for the 
                        submission of a dispute, and provide an 
                        electronic receipt acknowledging the 
                        submission.
                    (D) Limitations.--A provision, including the scope 
                of the application, that allows an information broker 
                to limit the access to information required under 
                subparagraph (B)(i) and is not required to provide 
                notice to individuals as required under subparagraph 
                (B)(ii) in the following circumstances:
                            (i) If access of the individual to the 
                        information is limited by law or legally 
                        recognized privilege.
                            (ii) If the information is used for a 
                        legitimate governmental or fraud prevention 
                        purpose that would be compromised by such 
                        access.
                            (iii) If the information consists of 
                        information already made available to the 
                        public, unless that record has been included in 
                        a report about an individual shared with a 
                        third party.
                            (iv) Any other circumstance in which an 
                        information broker may limit access to 
                        information that the Commission determines to 
                        be appropriate.
                    (E) FCRA regulated persons.--A provision that any 
                information broker that is engaged in activities 
                subject to the Fair Credit Reporting Act and who is in 
                compliance with sections 609, 610, and 611 of such Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 1681g; 1681h; 1681i) with respect to 
                information subject to such Act is deemed to be in 
                compliance with this paragraph with respect to such 
                information.
                    (F) Requirement of audit log of accessed and 
                transmitted information.--Each information broker to 
                establish measures which facilitate the auditing or 
                retracing of any internal or external access to, or 
                transmissions of, any data containing personal 
                information collected, assembled, or maintained by such 
                information broker.
            (4) Prohibition on pretexting by information brokers.--The 
        regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) shall 
        include a prohibition on the following:
                    (A) Prohibition on obtaining personal information 
                by false pretenses.--An information broker to obtain, 
                attempt to obtain, cause to be disclosed, or attempt to 
                cause to be disclosed to any person, personal 
                information or any other information relating to any 
                person by--
                            (i) making a false, fictitious, or 
                        fraudulent statement or representation to any 
                        person; or
                            (ii) providing any document or other 
                        information to any person that the information 
                        broker knows or should know--
                                    (I) to be forged, counterfeit, 
                                lost, stolen, or fraudulently obtained; 
                                or
                                    (II) to contain a false, 
                                fictitious, or fraudulent statement or 
                                representation.
                    (B) Prohibition on solicitation to obtain personal 
                information under false pretenses.--An information 
                broker to request a person to obtain personal 
                information or any other information relating to any 
                other person, if the information broker knew or should 
                have known that the person to whom such a request is 
                made will obtain or attempt to obtain such information 
                in the manner described in subparagraph (A).

SEC. 3. NOTIFICATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY BREACH.

    (a) Individual Notification.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate regulations 
under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, that require the 
following:
            (1) In general.--Each covered entity to, following the 
        discovery of a breach of security, notify each individual who 
        is a citizen or resident of the United States whose personal 
        information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, 
        acquired or accessed by an unauthorized person, or used for an 
        unauthorized purpose.
            (2) Timeliness of notification.--
                    (A) In general.--Unless subject to a delay 
                authorized under subparagraph (B), a notification 
                required under paragraph (1) shall be made as 
                expeditiously as practicable and without unreasonable 
                delay, but not later than 30 days following the 
                discovery of a breach of security.
                    (B) Delay of notification authorized for law 
                enforcement or national security purposes.--
                            (i) Law enforcement.--If a Federal or State 
                        law enforcement agency, including an attorney 
                        general of a State, determines that the 
                        notification required under this section would 
                        impede a civil or criminal investigation, such 
                        notification shall be delayed upon the written 
                        request of the law enforcement agency for 30 
                        days or such lesser period of time which the 
                        law enforcement agency determines is reasonably 
                        necessary and requests in writing. Such law 
                        enforcement agency may, by a subsequent written 
                        request, revoke such delay or extend the period 
                        of time set forth in the original request made 
                        under this clause if further delay is 
                        necessary.
                            (ii) National security.--If a Federal 
                        national security agency or homeland security 
                        agency determines that the notification 
                        required under this section would threaten 
                        national or homeland security, such 
                        notification may be delayed for a period of 
                        time which the national security agency or 
                        homeland security agency determines is 
                        reasonably necessary and requests in writing. A 
                        Federal national security agency or homeland 
                        security agency may revoke such delay or extend 
                        the period of time set forth in the original 
                        request made under this clause by a subsequent 
                        written request if further delay is necessary.
            (3) Coordination of notification with credit reporting 
        agencies.--If a covered entity is required to provide 
        notification to more than 5,000 individuals under paragraph 
        (1), the covered entity shall also notify the major consumer 
        reporting agencies that compile and maintain files on consumers 
        on a nationwide basis, of the timing and distribution of the 
        notifications. Such notification shall be given to the credit 
        reporting agencies without unreasonable delay and, if such 
        notification will not delay notification to the affected 
        individuals, prior to the distribution of notifications to the 
        affected individuals.
            (4) Method and content of notification.--
                    (A) General notification.--A covered entity 
                required to provide notification to individuals under 
                paragraph (1) shall be in compliance with such 
                requirement if the covered entity provides conspicuous 
                and clearly identified notification by one of the 
                following methods (provided the selected method can 
                reasonably be expected to reach the intended 
                individual):
                            (i) Written notification to the last known 
                        home mailing address of the individual in the 
                        records of the covered entity.
                            (ii) Notification by email or other 
                        electronic means, if--
                                    (I) the covered entity's primary 
                                method of communication with the 
                                individual is by email or such other 
                                electronic means; or
                                    (II) the individual has consented 
                                to receive such notification and the 
                                notification is provided in a manner 
                                that is consistent with the provisions 
                                permitting electronic transmission of 
                                notifications under section 101 of the 
                                Electronic Signatures in Global 
                                Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. 7001).
                    (B) Website notification.--The covered entity shall 
                also provide conspicuous notification on the internet 
                website of the covered entity (if such covered entity 
                maintains such a website) for a period of not less than 
                90 days.
                    (C) Media notification.--If the number of residents 
                of a State whose personal information was, or is 
                reasonably believed to have been acquired or accessed 
                by an unauthorized person, or used for an unauthorized 
                purpose exceeds 5,000, the covered entity shall also 
                provide notification in print and to broadcast media, 
                including major media in metropolitan and rural areas 
                where the individuals whose personal information was, 
                or is reasonably believed to have been, acquired or 
                accessed by an unauthorized person, or used for an 
                unauthorized purpose, reside.
                    (D) Content of notification.--
                            (i) In general.--Any notification provided 
                        under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) shall 
                        include--
                                    (I) a description of the personal 
                                information that was, or is reasonably 
                                believed to have been, acquired or 
                                accessed by an unauthorized person, or 
                                used for an unauthorized purpose;
                                    (II) a telephone number that the 
                                individual may use, at no cost to such 
                                individual, to contact the covered 
                                entity, or agent of the covered entity, 
                                to inquire about the breach of security 
                                or the information the covered entity 
                                maintained about that individual;
                                    (III) notification that the 
                                individual is entitled to receive, at 
                                no cost to such individual, consumer 
                                credit reports on a quarterly basis for 
                                a period of 10 years, or credit 
                                monitoring or other service that 
                                enables consumers to detect the misuse 
                                of their personal information for a 
                                period of 10 years, and instructions to 
                                the individual on requesting such 
                                reports or service from the covered 
                                entity;
                                    (IV) the toll-free contact 
                                telephone numbers and addresses for the 
                                major credit reporting agencies; and
                                    (V) a toll-free telephone number 
                                and internet website address for the 
                                Commission whereby the individual may 
                                obtain information regarding identity 
                                theft.
                            (ii) Direct business relationship.--Any 
                        notification provided under this subsection 
                        shall identify the covered entity that has a 
                        direct business relationship with the 
                        individual.
                    (E) Substitute notification.--Criteria for 
                determining circumstances under which substitute 
                notification may be provided in lieu of direct 
                notification required by subparagraph (A), including 
                criteria for determining if notification under 
                subparagraph (A) is not feasible due to excessive costs 
                to the covered entity required to provide such 
                notification relative to the resources of such covered 
                entity and the form and content of substitute 
                notification.
            (5) Notification for law enforcement and other purposes.--A 
        covered entity to, as expeditiously as practicable and without 
        unreasonable delay, but not later than 7 days following the 
        discovery of a breach of security, provide notification of the 
        breach to--
                    (A) the Commission;
                    (B) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
                    (C) the Secret Service;
                    (D) for common carriers, the Federal Communications 
                Commission;
                    (E) for entities that provide a consumer financial 
                product or service (as defined in section 1002 of the 
                Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 
                5481)), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; and
                    (F) the attorney general of each State in which the 
                personal information of a resident or residents of the 
                State was, or is reasonably believed to have been, 
                acquired or accessed by an unauthorized person, or used 
                for an unauthorized purpose.
            (6) Other obligations following breach.--
                    (A) In general.--A covered entity required to 
                provide notification under subsection (a) to, upon 
                request of an individual whose personal information was 
                included in the breach of security, provide or arrange 
                for the provision of, to each such individual and at no 
                cost to such individual--
                            (i) consumer credit reports from the major 
                        credit reporting agencies beginning not later 
                        than 60 days following the individual's request 
                        and continuing on a quarterly basis for a 
                        period of 10 years thereafter; or
                            (ii) a credit monitoring or other service 
                        that enables consumers to detect the misuse of 
                        their personal information, beginning not later 
                        than 60 days following the individual's request 
                        and continuing for a period of 10 years.
                    (B) Rulemaking.--The circumstances under which a 
                covered entity required to provide notification under 
                paragraph (1) shall provide or arrange for the 
                provision of free consumer credit reports or credit 
                monitoring or other service to affected individuals.
    (b) Website Notification.--
            (1) Federal trade commission.--If the Commission, upon 
        receiving notification of any breach of security that is 
        reported to the Commission under subsection (a)(5)(A), finds 
        that notification of such a breach of security through the 
        website of the Commission would be in the public interest or 
        for the protection of consumers, the Commission shall place 
        such a notification in a clear and conspicuous location on the 
        website.
            (2) Other federal agency.--If another Federal agency (such 
        as the Federal Communications Commission, the Consumer 
        Financial Protection Bureau, or the Department of Justice) 
        receives notice of a breach of security from a covered entity 
        and finds that notification of such a breach of security 
        through the website of the Commission would be in the public 
        interest or for the protection of consumers, that Federal 
        agency shall place such a notification in a clear and 
        conspicuous location on the website of that agency.
    (c) Website Notification of State Attorneys General.--If a State 
attorney general, upon receiving notification of any breach of security 
that is reported to the Commission under subsection (d)(5), finds that 
notification of such a breach of security through the State attorney 
general's internet website would be in the public interest or for the 
protection of consumers, the State attorney general shall place such a 
notification in a clear and conspicuous location on its internet 
website.
    (d) FTC Study on Notification in Languages in Addition to 
English.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Commission shall conduct a study on the practicality and cost 
effectiveness of requiring the notification required by subsection 
(c)(1) to be provided in a language in addition to English to 
individuals known to speak only such other language.
    (e) Education and Outreach for Small Businesses.--The Commission 
shall conduct education and outreach for small business concerns on 
data security practices and how to prevent hacking and other 
unauthorized access to, acquisition of, or use of data maintained by 
such small business concerns.
    (f) Website on Data Security Best Practices.--The Commission shall 
establish and maintain an internet website containing non-binding best 
practices for businesses regarding data security and how to prevent 
hacking and other unauthorized access to, acquisition of, or use of 
data maintained by such businesses.
    (g) General Rulemaking Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission may promulgate regulations 
        necessary under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, to 
        effectively enforce the requirements of this section.
            (2) Limitation.--In promulgating rules under this Act, the 
        Commission shall not require the deployment or use of any 
        specific product or technology, including any specific computer 
        software or hardware.
    (h) Treatment of Persons Governed by Other Law.--A covered entity 
who is in compliance with any other Federal law that requires such 
covered entity to provide notification to individuals following a 
breach of security, shall be deemed to be in compliance with this 
section with respect to activities and information covered under such 
Federal law.

SEC. 4. APPLICATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission.--
            (1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices.--A violation of 
        a regulation promulgated under section 2 or 3 shall be treated 
        as an unfair and deceptive act or practice in violation of a 
        regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade 
        Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or 
        deceptive acts or practices and shall be subject to enforcement 
        by the Commission under that Act with respect to any covered 
        entity. All of the functions and powers of the Commission under 
        the Federal Trade Commission Act are available to the 
        Commission to enforce compliance by any person with the 
        requirements imposed under this Act.
            (2) Coordination with federal communications commission.--
        In the case of enforcement under this Act that relates to 
        entities subject to the authority of the Federal Communications 
        Commission, enforcement actions by the Commission shall be 
        coordinated with the Federal Communications Commission.
            (3) Coordination with consumer financial protection 
        bureau.--In the case of enforcement under this Act that relates 
        to entities that provide a consumer financial product or 
        service (as defined in section 1002 of the Consumer Financial 
        Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5481)), enforcement actions 
        by the Commission shall be coordinated with the Consumer 
        Financial Protection Bureau.
    (b) Enforcement by State Attorneys General.--
            (1) In general.--If the chief law enforcement officer of a 
        State, or an official or agency designated by a State, has 
        reason to believe that any covered entity has violated or is 
        violating section 2 or 3 of this Act, the attorney general, 
        official, or agency of the State, in addition to any authority 
        it may have to bring an action in State court under its 
        consumer protection law, may bring a civil action in any 
        appropriate United States district court or in any other court 
        of competent jurisdiction, including a State court, to--
                    (A) enjoin further such violation by the defendant;
                    (B) enforce compliance with section 2 or 3, as 
                applicable;
                    (C) obtain civil penalties in the amount determined 
                under paragraph (2); and
                    (D) obtain damages, restitution, or other 
                compensation on behalf of residents of the State.
            (2) Civil penalties.--
                    (A) Calculation.--
                            (i) Treatment of violations of section 2.--
                        For purposes of paragraph (1)(C) with regard to 
                        a violation of section 2, the amount determined 
                        under this paragraph is the amount calculated 
                        by multiplying the number of days that a 
                        covered entity is not in compliance with such 
                        section by an amount to be determined by the 
                        Commission. Such amount determined by the 
                        Commission shall be adjusted as described in 
                        the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation 
                        Adjustment Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-410; 28 
                        U.S.C. 2461 note).
                            (ii) Treatment of violations of section 
                        3.--For purposes of paragraph (1)(C) with 
                        regard to a violation of section 3, the amount 
                        determined under this paragraph is the amount 
                        calculated by multiplying the number of 
                        violations of such section by an amount to be 
                        determined by the Commission. Each failure to 
                        send notification as required under section 3 
                        to a citizen or resident of the United States 
                        shall be treated as a separate violation.
                    (B) Adjustment for inflation.--Beginning on the 
                date that the Consumer Price Index is first published 
                by the Bureau of Labor Statistics that is after 1 year 
                after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year 
                thereafter, the amounts specified in clauses (i) and 
                (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be increased by the 
                percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index 
                published on that date from the Consumer Price Index 
                published the previous year.
            (3) Notice and intervention by the ftc.--
                    (A) In general.--The attorney general of a State 
                shall provide prior written notice of any action under 
                paragraph (1) to the Commission and provide the 
                Commission with a copy of the complaint in the action, 
                except in any case in which such prior notice is not 
                feasible, in which case the attorney general shall 
                serve such notice immediately upon instituting such 
                action. The Commission shall have the right--
                            (i) to intervene in the action;
                            (ii) upon so intervening, to be heard on 
                        all matters arising therein; and
                            (iii) to file petitions for appeal.
                    (B) Limitation on state action while federal action 
                is pending.--If the Commission has instituted a civil 
                action for a violation of this Act, no State attorney 
                general, or official or agency of a State, may bring an 
                action under this subsection during the pendency of 
                that action against any defendant named in the 
                complaint of the Commission for any violation of this 
                Act alleged in the complaint.
            (4) Relationship with state-law claims.--If the attorney 
        general of a State has authority to bring an action under State 
        law directed at acts or practices that also violate this Act, 
        the attorney general may assert the State-law claim and a claim 
        under this Act in the same civil action.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Breach of security.--The term ``breach of security'' 
        means unauthorized access to, acquisition of, sale of, release 
        of, or use of data containing personal information.
            (2) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal 
        Trade Commission.
            (3) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                    (A) any person, partnership, or corporation over 
                which the Commission has authority pursuant to section 
                5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 
                45(a)(2));
                    (B) notwithstanding section 5(a)(2) of the Federal 
                Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)), common 
                carriers subject to the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
                U.S.C. 151 et seq.); and
                    (C) notwithstanding sections 4 and 5(a)(2) of the 
                Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 44 and 
                45(a)(2)), any nonprofit organization.
            (4) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit 
        organization'' means an organization described in section 
        501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that is exempt from 
        taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.
            (5) Information broker.--The term ``information broker'' 
        means any individual, person, partnership, or corporation that 
        collects personal information, sells personal information, or 
        profits from personal information in any way.
            (6) Personal information.--
                    (A) Definition.--The term ``personal information'' 
                means any information or compilation of information 
                that includes any of the following:
                            (i) An individual's first name or initial 
                        and last name in combination with any of the 
                        following data elements for that individual:
                                    (I) Home address or telephone 
                                number.
                                    (II) Mother's maiden name.
                                    (III) Month, day, and year of 
                                birth.
                                    (IV) User name or electronic mail 
                                address.
                            (ii) Driver's license number, passport 
                        number, military identification number, alien 
                        registration number, or other similar number 
                        issued on a government document used to verify 
                        identity.
                            (iii) Unique account identifier (including 
                        a financial account number or credit or debit 
                        card number), electronic identification number, 
                        user name, or routing code.
                            (iv) Partial or complete Social Security 
                        number.
                            (v) Unique biometric or genetic data such 
                        as a fingerprint, voice print, retina or iris 
                        image, facial recognition data, or any other 
                        unique physical representation.
                            (vi) Information that could be used to 
                        access an individual's account, such as user 
                        name and password or e-mail address and 
                        password.
                            (vii) Any security code, access code, 
                        password, or source code that could be used to 
                        generate such codes or passwords, in 
                        combination with either of the following data 
                        elements:
                                    (I) An individual's first and last 
                                name or first initial and last name.
                                    (II) A unique account identifier 
                                (including a financial account number 
                                or credit or debit card number), 
                                electronic identification number, user 
                                name, or routing code.
                            (viii) Information generated or derived 
                        from the operation or use of an electronic 
                        communications device that is sufficient to 
                        identify the street name and name of the city 
                        or town in which the device is located.
                            (ix) Any information regarding an 
                        individual's medical history, mental or 
                        physical condition, medical treatment or 
                        diagnosis by a health care professional, or the 
                        provision of health care to the individual, 
                        including health information provided to a 
                        website or mobile application.
                            (x) A health insurance policy number or 
                        subscriber identification number and any unique 
                        identifier used by a health insurer to identify 
                        the individual or any information in an 
                        individual's health insurance application and 
                        claims history, including any appeals records.
                            (xi) Digitized or other electronic 
                        signature.
                            (xii) Nonpublic communication such as a 
                        text, SMS, MMS, RCS, and other electronic 
                        message or other user-created content such as 
                        an email, photograph, or video.
                            (xiii) Any record or information concerning 
                        payroll, income, financial account, mortgage, 
                        loan, line of credit, utility bill, accumulated 
                        purchase, or any other information regarding a 
                        financial asset, obligation, or spending habit.
                            (xiv) Any additional element the Commission 
                        defines as personal information in accordance 
                        with subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Modified definition by rulemaking.--The 
                Commission may, by rule promulgated under section 553 
                of title 5, United States Code, modify the definition 
                of ``personal information'' under subparagraph (A).
            (7) Small business concern.--The term ``small business 
        concern'' has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the 
        Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
            (8) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
        States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
        Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, 
        the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, any other 
        territory or possession of the United States, and each 
        federally recognized Indian Tribe.

SEC. 6. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

    (a) Effect on State Data Security and Breach Notification Laws.--
This Act supersedes any provision of a statute or regulation of a State 
or political subdivision of a State, with respect to a covered entity, 
that expressly--
            (1) requires information security practices for the 
        treatment and protection of personal information similar to any 
        of those required under section 2; or
            (2) requires notification to individuals of a breach of 
        security of personal information.
    (b) Effect on Other State Laws.--Except as provided in subsection 
(a), nothing in this Act shall be construed to--
            (1) preempt or limit any provision of any law, rule, 
        regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having 
        the force and effect of law of any State, including any State 
        consumer protection law, any State law relating to acts of 
        fraud or deception, and any State trespass, contract, or tort 
        law;
            (2) prevent or limit the attorney general of a State from 
        exercising the powers conferred upon the attorney general by 
        the laws of the State, including conducting investigations, 
        administering oaths or affirmations, or compelling the 
        attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and 
        other evidence; or
            (3) preempt or limit any provision of any law, rule, 
        regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having 
        the force and effect of law of any State with respect to any 
        person that is not a covered entity.
    (c) Preservation of Authority.--Nothing in this Act may be 
construed in any way to limit or affect the authority of the 
Commission, the Federal Communication Commission, or the Consumer 
Financial Protection Bureau under any other provision of law.

SEC. 7. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act.
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