Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-1Appendix B – Initial List of Control MeasuresMeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Code"CashforClunkers"lawn&gardenprogram Offer $75for owners to turn in old, 2 and 4-strokelawn & garden equipment and purchase electric orpush mowerNon-road DC RACM - 2003"Southern"reformulatedgasoline(verylowRVP) VOCVery Low RVP On-road MA Strategies - 20041RegenerativeThermalOxidizer VOC Process vent gastreatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoing1ThermalOxidizers VOC Process vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoing3RCleanMultiFuels-CLEANCOAL VOC Work practices (general) PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoing3RMultiVenturiOffgasScrubber Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoing4DayWorkWeek/FlexibleWorkSchedules Encourage employers to adopt a shorter workweek, with employees working 4 10-hour daysMobile DC RACM - 2003AcceleratedimplementationofEnhancedI/M VOC MA Strategies - 2004AcceleratedVehicleRetirement NOx/VOC Implement an accelerated vehicle retirement, or"scrappage" program in conjunction with an I/Mprogram.Mobile EPA Measures - 1999AccesstoJobsProgram Identifies gaps in transit service between places ofresidence and places of work for low wage workersMobile DC RACM - 2003AcetalResinsProduction VOC Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AcrylicFibers/MonoacrylicFibersProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/gmact/gmactpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Acrylicplastisols2 VOC Acrylic plastisols are being investigated as a newtype of low-solvent industrial coating. Acrylicpolymers offer a number of distinct advantagesover polyvinyl chloride such as superior exteriordurability and a more favorable environmentalimage.Stationary Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-StyreneProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr4/pr4pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-2MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeAdaptiveControlTechniquesforEngineManagement25NOx/VOC Non-linear adaptive control techniques controlair/fuel ratios more precisely over a wider range ofoperating conditions and operate catalyticconverters over the narrow range in which they areefficient. Adapts to aging or faulty engines and tovarying fuel properties such as volatility.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdditionalTransitStores Establish additional stationary transit stores in theregionMobile DC RACM - 2003Addozonealerttocountywebsite EACs - 2004Addselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR) NOx/PM DiesellocomotivesRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdhesiveApplications VOC VOC content limits for compliant adhesives +Emission capture and control system for noncompliant adhesives + Transfer efficiencyrequirements for adhesiveapplicators + Solventcleaning, storage and disposal comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Adhesives-industrial VOC SCAQMD Rule1168 Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AdipicAcidManufacturing NOx Thermal Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AdipicAcidManufacturing NOx Extended Absorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Adoptaschoolbusprogram EACs - 2004AdoptlocalcleanairpolicyEACs - 2004AdoptmeasurestoreducelawnareaandmowerusagethroughxeriscapingNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003AdvancedAcetylenicGlycol(AAG)technology9 VOC Toaddress the need for substrate wetting inwaterborne systems, a new-generation surfactanthas been developed based on Advanced AcetylenicGlycol (AAG) technology. The AAG technologyprovides greater flexibility and mobility, as well asother benefits.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdvancedAirfoilRetrofit NOx/VOC Rather than using airfoils designed originally for Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-3MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codethe airline industry, systems using airfoils designedspecifically for wind towers offer substantialsavings. One estimate is that substitution of suchairfoils onto existing towers causes a 20 - 30percent increase in electricity generation.Aerodynamicdevices NOx Non-roadRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-StyreneProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr4/pr4pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999AdaptiveControlTechniquesforEngineManagement25NOx/VOC Non-linear adaptive control techniques controlair/fuel ratios more precisely over a wider range ofoperating conditions and operate catalyticconverters over the narrow range in which they areefficient. Adapts to aging or faulty engines and tovarying fuel properties such as volatility.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdditionalTransitStores Establish additional stationary transit stores in theregionMobile DC RACM - 2003Addozonealerttocountywebsite EACs - 2004Addselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR) NOx/PM DiesellocomotivesRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdhesiveApplications VOC VOC content limits for compliant adhesives +Emission capture and control system for noncompliant adhesives + Transfer efficiencyrequirements for adhesiveapplicators + Solventcleaning, storage and disposal comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Adhesives-industrial VOC SCAQMD Rule1168 Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AdipicAcidManufacturing NOx Thermal Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AdipicAcidManufacturing NOx Extended Absorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Adoptaschoolbusprogram EACs - 2004AdoptlocalcleanairpolicyEACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-4MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeAdoptmeasurestoreducelawnareaandmowerusagethroughxeriscapingNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003AdvancedAcetylenicGlycol(AAG)technology9 VOC Toaddress the need for substrate wetting inwaterborne systems, a new-generation surfactanthas been developed based on Advanced AcetylenicGlycol (AAG) technology. The AAG technologyprovides greater flexibility and mobility, as well asother benefits.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AdvancedAirfoilRetrofit NOx/VOC Rather thanusing airfoils designed originally forthe airline industry, systems using airfoils designedspecifically for wind towers offer substantialsavings. One estimate is that substitution of suchairfoils onto existing towers causes a 20 - 30percent increase in electricity generation.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Aerodynamicdevices NOx Non-roadRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AerosolMetalsMonitor Ambient Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingAerosolPaints VOC Bay Area AirQuality Management District's(BAAQMD's) rule + additional reductions fromstandards similar to those of SCAQMD.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AerospaceAssemblyandComponentManufacturingOperationsVOC VOC content limits for coatings, adhesives, andmaskents + Cleaning operations and solvent storageand disposal comply with Rule 1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AerospaceIndustries VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/aerosp/aeropg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999AerospaceManufacturingandRework VOC EPA's National Emission Standard for HazardousAir Pollutant (NESHAP) + area-specific limits forspecialty coatings to reflect local plant operations.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AgriculturalBurning NOx Seasonal Ban (OzoneSeason) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Agriculturaldieselengineelectrification NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Agriculturaldieselengineelectrification VOCOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Agriculturalequipmentretrofits Require agriculturalequipment to be retrofitted Non-road DC RACM - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-5MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codewith emissions controlsAgriculturalequipmentuserestrictions Mandatory restrictions on use of agriculturalequipment during Code Red Ozone Action DaysNon-road DC RACM - 2003Agriculture:AmmoniarestrictionsonconfinedanimalfeedingoperationsPM2.5 Area CT Memo - 2005AIMSurfaceCoatings CT RACM - 2001Aircraft:ReduceEmissionsbyAlteringOperations(e.g.,Taxiing)NOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999AircraftNon-GateIdling Sign MOUs withairlines to limit idling of aircraftwhile taxiingArea DC RACM - 2003AircraftNon-GateIdling EACs - 2004Aircraftsurfacecoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Aircurtaindestructor-landclearing EACs - 2004AirportCleanAirPlan EACs - 2004AirportCongestionPricing Charge higher aircraft landing fees during busytimes of day to reduce airport delays andcongestionArea DC RACM - 2003AirQualityOutreachandActionDays EACs - 2004AirStripping/SoilDecontamination VOCStationary/AreaSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Aliphaticisocyanates17 VOC Urethane technology provides strong linkage formolecules in coatings, and is finding its way intohigh-solid, powder, and waterborne technologies.For example, isophorone diisocyanate is gatheringstrength in the powder coatings market, while useof hexamethylene diisocyanate in waterbasedcoatings is expected to grow. A family of lowtemperature unblocking isocyanates as also beendeveloped, and is being marketed to the paintingRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-6MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeand coating industry.AlkalineFuelCells(AFC)6 NOx/VOC Long usedby NASA on space missions, these cellscan achieve power generating efficiencies of up to70 percent. They use alkaline potassium as theelectrolyte. Until recently they were too costly forcommercial applications, but several companies areexamining ways to reduce costs and improveoperating flexibility.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AllowDistricttoOptintoTest-onlyProgram NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Alternatecommuteinfrastructure EACs - 2004Alternateworkschedules EACs - 2004Alternativefuelforcountyfleets EACs - 2004alternativefuelshuttlebuses NOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003AlternativefuelvehiclesEACs - 2004AluminumRollingMills VOC Add-on controls achieving a 95-percent reductionin VOC emissions and/or VOC-content standardsfor lubricantsStationary EPA Measures - 1999AmbientEngineeringBiofilters VOC Emission capturesystems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingAminoResinsProductions VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/amino/aminopg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Ammonia-NaturalGas-FiredReformers NOx Low NOx Burners +Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Ammonia-NaturalGas-FiredReformers NOxOxygen Trim + Water InjectionStationary EPA Measures - 1999Ammonia-NaturalGas-FiredReformers NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Ammonia-NaturalGas-FiredReformersNOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999Ammonia-NaturalGas-FiredReformers NOxSelective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AmmoniaPlants NOx Controls based on those for process heaters andindustrial boilersStationary EPA Measures - 1999AmmoniaProduction;FeedstockDesulfurization NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-7MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeAmorphoussilicon(a-Si) NOx/VOC A solar filmon which research efforts is focusedbecause of its potential for increased unit efficiencyand ease of manufacturing. Efficiency gains areevident: from less than one percent in 1974 to 10.2percent in 1994. Researchers are currently seekinglaboratory efficiency ratings of 13 percent. Lowerefficiency ceiling of a-Si compared to crystallinesilicon offset by lower manufacturing costs.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997AnnounceozoneactiondaysonradioEACs - 2004AnnualGasolineVehiclePollutionFee Levy anannual fee on petroleum-powered vehiclesbased on mileage driven and emission rates.Mobile DC RACM - 2003Anti-idlingprovisions-dieselengines- EACs - 2004Applicationofagriculturalpesticides VOC Water based carriers for pesticides Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AppointOzoneActionCoordinator- EACs - 2004Askgaragestolimitidling EACs - 2004Asphalt/CoalTarApplications-MetalPipes VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AsphalticConcrete;RotaryDryer;ConversionPlant NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AsphaltProcessing VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999AsphaltRoofingManufacturing VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AugmenttruckandBusInspectionswithCommunitybasedInspectionsNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003AutoandLightDutyTruck(SurfaceCoating) VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AutobodyRefinishing VOC High-volume,low pressure (HVLP) spray systems+ gun-cleaning equipment + proper disposal forclean-up solvents + California's Best AvailableRetrofit Control Technology limits.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AutobodyRefinishingControls EACs - 2004AutomatedElectricVehicleChargingSystem15 NOx/VOC Development of an automated system that woulddock, or couple, an EV to a battery chargingsystem. The project willaddress inductively andRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-8MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeconductively coupled systems. This project isexpected to build on previousresearch into such anautomated system, resulting in a prototype test unitof a commercially viable system. This project, ifsuccessful, will improve the perceived convenienceand, thus, commercial viability of EVs.Automatespeedenforcementandlowerthespeedlimitto55mphforheavydutyvehiclesNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003AutomaticVehicleLocatorSystem Systemwould provide bus location information toWMATA dispatchers. This would decrease waittime and improve on-time arrival/departure.Mobile DC RACM - 2003AutomobileandLightdutytrucksurfacecoatingoperationsVOC Low solvent coatings Stationary EPA Measures - 1999AutomobileAssembly VOC Spray booth abatement at 5.8 lbs/gal solids applied+ without spray booth abatement, a 10-lbs/gal levelStationary EPA Measures - 1999AutomobileInsuranceisChargedatthepumporinsuranceismileagebasedNOx SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Automobilerefinishing VOC Federal Rule Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Automobilerefinishing VOC FIP Rule (VOC content & TE) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Automobilerefinishing VOC CARB BARCT limits Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Availability/ExtentofNOxControls NOx Stationary EPA Measures - 1999BACTandoffsetsfornewormodifiedpointsources EACs - 2004Bakeries Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1153: Commercial BakeryOvensArea DC RACM - 2003Banactivitiessuchas2-strokeengines NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Banactivitiessuchas2-strokeengines VOCOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Banopenburningduringozoneaction EACs - 2004Banorlimitopenburning EACs - 2004Banorrestrictuseofrecreationalvehicles NOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-9MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeBanorrestrictuseofrecreationalvehicles VOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003BantheuseofVOC-bornepesticidesonspare-theairdaysVOC Area SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003BantransfersystemsinPetroleumDryCleaning VOCStationary/AreaSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003BanVehiclesfromDowntownStreetsRestrict private vehicle use in certain downtownareas during business hours , encouragingpedestrian and bicycle use instead.Mobile DC RACM - 2003BatchProcesses VOC Current technologies achieving 98-percent controlefficiency with exemptionsbased on considerationsof volatility, annual emissions and flow rate.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999BEPs EACs - 2004BestAvailableRetrofitControlTechnology(BARCT)for10tpyVOCsourcesVOC MA Strategies - 2004Bestmgtpractices-engines EACs - 2004Bestpracticesforfueling EACs - 2004BeverageCanCoating VOC IncinerationStationary EPA Measures - 1999Beveragecansurfacecoatingindustry VOC Low solvent inksor Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Biodiesel(On-Road) Require regional use of biodiesel fuel for on-roadvehiclesMobile DC RACM - 2003Biodieselreadytrucks EACs - 2004Bio-dieselsolidwastetrucks EACs - 2004BiofiltrationofGaseousEffluents VOCProcess vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingBiomimeticcoatings1 VOC Synthetic routes are being developed for new watersoluble polymers to enable the formulation ofeffective and durable waterborne protectivecoatings. The aim is to develop novel watersoluble polymers which on evaporation of waterundergo a phase transformation similar to proteinRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-10MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codemolecules where hydrophobic moieties, present inthe polymer, form the matrix of the film. Thisapproach to produce zero-VOC solvent systemsavoids the water sensitivity and reductions inperformance and durability experienced by thecurrent generation of water-based coatings.BlowdowncontrolsatnaturalgaspipelinecompressorstationsNOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005BoatManufacturing VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999BoilersandProcessHeatersinPetroleumRefineries NOxNOx emission limit + Approved AlternativeEmission Control Plan + Continuous NOx stackmonitoringStationary EPA Measures - 1999BoseAntiAirPollutantandEnergyConservationSystemFund trial of Bose system in local vehicle fleets.The Bose system is a mechanical system that useshigh-speed centrifugal separation to remove lightcombustible gases from the exhaust stream. Thesystem can be used with all types of fuel.Mobile DC RACM - 2003Brownfielddevelopment EACs - 2004BuildPark&RideLotsatMajorIntersectionsofCommuterHighwaysConstruct new park & ride commuter lots alongHOV facilitiesMobile DC RACM - 2003Bulkgasolineterminals VOC Vapor collection systems + Vapor tight tanktrucks, Water-based cementsStationary EPA Measures - 1999BulkTerminals VOC Balanced/Adsorber/Testing Stationary EPA Measures - 1999burningduringtheozoneseason NOx Area SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003burningduringtheozoneseason VOC Area SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003BusTraffic-SignalPre-emption NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ButylRubberProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr1/pr1pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Buyinbulk;lesspackaging EACs - 2004By-ProductCokeManufacturing;OvenUnderfiring NOx SelectiveNon-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-11MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeC.G.S.section29-252 Stationary CT Memo - 2005Cadmiumtelluride NOx/VOC A solar film onwhich research effort is focused dueto its likely ease of production, likely improvedefficiency and ability to compete with crystallinesilicon modules. Laboratory efficiency ratings havereached 16 percent with commercial efficiency of 6percent. Research indicates manufacturingtechniques are likely very low cost, includingelectrodeposition, spraying, and high rateevaporation.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997CaliforniaLowEmissionVehiclePhase2(CALEV2) NOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005CaliforniaLow-EmissionVehicles NOx/VOC Adopt the California low-emission vehicleprogramMobile EPA Measures - 1999CaliforniaperiodicheavydutydieselvehiclefleetinspectionprogramPM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005CaliforniaSpark-IgnitionEngines(Dec2000) TX SIP - 2000-2004CANSOLVRegenerableSO2ControlTechnology PM Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingCapandTradeEmissionsReductionProgramsimilartoRECLAIMNOx Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003CapandTradeEmissionsReductionProgramsimilartoRECLAIMVOC Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003CARBDieselFuel(On-Road) Implement CARB diesel fuel standards Mobile DC RACM - 2003CarbonBlackManufacture VOC FlareStationary EPA Measures - 1999CarbonBlackProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CarbonylSulfideProduction(Misc.OrganicNESHAP)VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CARBsetstighterrequirementsformanufacturerstocertifyemissionsfromnewpassengervehiclesNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003CARBsetstighterrequirementsfornewpassengervehicles(LEVIII)NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-12MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeCargohandlingequipmentatshipbuildersandportsPM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005CarSharingProgram Fund incentivesfor new car sharing customers (I.e.Flexcar or Zipcar services)Mobile DC RACM - 2003CarSharingPrograms NOx/VOC Voluntary measures MobileEPA Measures - 1999CatalyticOxidationwithHeatrecovery VOC Emission capturesystems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingCelluloseAcetateManufacture VOC Carbon Adsorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CelluloseFoodCasingManufacturing VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Cement NOx Production procedures + SCR -2.8lb/ton Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementKilnEmissionLimits(March2003) TX SIP - 2000-2004CementKilns NOx Continuous monitoring and recording of NOxemissions + NOx emission limitStationary EPA Measures - 1999CementKilns NOx Require combustion controls and post-combustioncontrols (SNCR) to achievereductions of up to 70percent on certain processesStationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Dry NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - NH3 Based Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Dry NOx Mid-Kiln Firing Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Dry NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Dry NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea Based Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Dry NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Wet NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Wet NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CementManufacturing-Wet NOx Mid-Kiln Firing Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CeramicClayManufacturing;Drying NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CeramicTechnologyforAdvancedHeatEngines4 Ceramic engine components are desirable for theirdurability and longevity.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Certainfinalrecommendedmeasuresforresidential,commercialandindustrialsectorStationary CT Memo - 2005Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-13MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeCetaneadditivestodieselfuelEACs - 2004Changeworkschedule EACs - 2004ChangeZoningOrdinancestoEncourageIn-fill NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003CHANOxRemovalSystem34 NOx This systemremoves NOx pollutants from smallstationary diesel engines. There are currently nofeasible controls for these engines.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997CharcoalManufacturing VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CleanAirPartnersProgram This program motivates individuals to takevoluntary actions to reduce emissions on OzoneAction DaysMobile DC RACM - 2003CleanFuelsfromMunicipalSolidWaste,Biomass,andOtherWasteFuels22NOx/VOC Development and demonstration of technologiesand/or production processes to synthesize cleanalternative fuels from various energy-rich,renewable sources, suchas biomass, municipalsolid waste, landfill gas, and other low cost or“free” waste fuels. The project is expected to resultin pilot-scale production demonstrations, scale-upprocess design and cost analysis, overallenvironmental impact analysis, and projections forultimate clean fuel costs and availability, foralternative fuels that are determined to offer themost promiseRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Cleaningsolvents VOC Disposalpractices for waste solvents Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Clearcoatpowder21 VOC The Low EmissionPaint Consortium is researchingthe development of a powder clearcoat, althoughthis type of coating has many difficulties toovercome in terms of durability and appearance incomparison with current methods. A trade-off withpowder coatings is that powder requires higherbake requirements and new equipment andapplication systems.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Clusterdevelopment,SmartGrowth, EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-14MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeCNGRefuseHaulers Purchase new CNG powered trash trucks insteadof conventional diesel vehiclesMobile DC RACM - 2003CNGRentalCars Purchase CNG rental cars for use in the region Mobile DC RACM - 2003CNGTaxicabs Replace regionaltaxicabs 7 years or older withCNG or other alternative fuel vehiclesMobile DC RACM - 2003CoalCleaning-ThermalDryer;FluidizedBed NOx LowNOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CoatingofMetalPartsandProductsVOC VOC content limits forcoatings + Solvent cleaningand storage comply with Rule 1171 + Emissioncollection and control system for non-compliantcoatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Coemployees-restrictmowingduring EACs - 2004CokeBy-ProductPlants VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999CokeOvens:Pushing,QuenchingandBatteryStacks VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CokeOvens:TopSideandDoorLeaks VOC Established MACT and LAER emission limits forcoke batteriesStationary EPA Measures - 1999Coldcleaning VOC NESHAP/MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Coldcleaning VOC Airtight degreasing system StationaryEPA Measures - 1999Coldcleaning VOC SCAQMD 1122 (VOC contentlimit) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Coldlensblockingmethods("LoctiteColdBloc")6 VOC New uv-curing "cold" blocking adhesive enablesoptical manufacturers to produce lens surfaces thatare practically distortion free, and virtuallyeliminates the environmental concerns (solvents) ofthe current technique. This technique facilitateseasy debonding using a variety of debonding agentsand techniques. The adhesive is a significantadvance in the lens blocking process, as iteliminates heat-induced blocking strain, which isthe most significant problem encountered withcurrent hot pitch blocking methods. Processreduces costly processing time, and is compatiblewith existing tooling.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-15MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeCombifilter-ActiveDieselParticulateFilter VOC/PM Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingCombustionTurbines VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Commercial,lnstitutionalIncinerators NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CommercialEthyleneOxideSterilization VOC Control emissions from the main sterilizer vent andvacuum pump drains at 99-percent from ethyleneoxide (EtO) sterilizersusing greater than 600pounds of Et0 per year.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Community-basedshuttlesystem NOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Commuteemissionreductionprogram EACs - 2004CommuterChoiceProgram EACs - 2004CommuterChoiceTaxCredit Employers subsidize employees' monthly transit orvanpool costs and receive a tax credit for incurredexpenses.Mobile DC RACM - 2003Commutesolutionsprograms- EACs - 2004Compatibleinnovativecoatings27 VOC Ciba isworking on developing compatible powder,high solid and waterborne epoxy systems.Examples of areas of research include: new highflow solid epoxy resin for powder coatingapplications with smoother appearance; and newwaterborne epoxy resins and epoxy hardeners withenvironmental advantages.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997comprees;carpool,flexible,etc EACs - 2004ComputerizedTrafficSignals NOx/VOC Voluntary measures Mobile EPA Measures - 1999Congestionmitigation-trafficsignal EACs - 2004CongestionPricingonLowOccupancyVehicles Impose a fee on vehicles containing two or fewerpersons that use designated roadways during thepeak AM periodMobile DC RACM - 2003Conserveenergyincountyproperty EACs - 2004Constructionequipment EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-16MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeConstructionequipmentretrofitswithoxidationcatalystsandparticulatefiltersNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005Constructionequipmentuserestrictions Restrict use of construction equipment duringexpected ozone exceedance daysNon-road DC RACM - 2003Constructionretrofits Require construction equipment operating on stateand local contracts to be retrofitted with particulatefitlers and/or oxidation catalystsNon-road DC RACM - 2003Consumer&commercialproducts CT RACM - 2001Contractincentivesforlowemissionvehicles EACs - 2004ControlandPowerElectronics NOx/VOC Manualadjustment of individual controls onindividual tower systemsis expensive and timeconsuming. By usingcomputers and electroniccomponents on the systems it becomes possible tomanipulate an entire farm in real time. It isexpected that systems would also able to adjust toextreme weather conditions independently, thusavoiding catastrophic failures.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ControlExtendedIdlingofBusesandTrucks Step-up enforcement of existing regulations toprevent extended vehicle idlingMobile DC RACM - 2003ControlICengines>500HP EACs - 2004ControlofGaseousEmissionsfromActiveLandfills VOC Landfill sampling and monitoring requirements +Collection system with treatment and controldevice for VOCStationary EPA Measures - 1999ControlParkingatSchools Restricthigh school students from driving to andparking at high schools when bus service isavailable.Mobile DC RACM - 2003ControlsonPowerPlantsOutsideNonattainmentArea Require powerplants operating in countiesadjacent to Washington nonattainment area toinstall nonattainment area controlsStationary DC RACM - 2003Conv.CoatingofProduct;AcidCleaningBath NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ConvenienceCommercialCentersinResidentialArea Change zoning ordinancesto allow neigborhood- Mobile DC RACM - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-17MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codes serving retail establishments in residential areasConversiontoAlternativeFueledVehiclesProgram NOx/VOC Tax credits or deductions to for conversion to orpurchase of alternative fueled vehicles andalternative fuel stationsMobile EPA Measures - 1999Convertoffroaddieselequipmenttozeroemission,e.g.,electrification,battery,solar,orfuelcellNOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Convertoffroaddieselequipmenttozeroemission,e.g.,electrification,battery,solar,orfuelcellVOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Converttouseoflow-sulfurgasoline EACs - 2004Coolcitiesprogram EACs - 2004Copperindiumdiselenide(CIS) NOx/VOC A solar film on which research effort is focused dueto its ability to withstand outdoor exposure withoutsignificant deterioration. This film also appearseasier to produce and gainefficiencies thanalternatives. In 1995, a laboratory efficiency rate of17.1 percent was recorded with 10.2 percent for aproduction prototype module.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997CRT(R)Filter PM Mobile NEET Database - ongoingCrystallineSilicon NOx/VOC Silicon crystalswere the first technology exploredand applied to market devices. Research continuesbecause it is the only technology with demonstratedlong term reliability, competitive cost, and highefficiency. Newer cells have demonstrated a 24%efficiency rating. Commercial production modulesare expected with an efficiency of 14%.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997CTNOx“RACT”Regulation NOxStationary CT Memo - 2005CutbackAsphalt VOC VOC content limit Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CutbackAsphalt VOC Switch to emulsified asphalts Stationary EPA Measures - 1999CutbackAsphalt EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-18MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeCutbackAsphalt:IncreasedRuleEffectiveness VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005DecliningCapRule VOC Cap and Trade program with an allowableemissions cap for major VOC sources set below abaseline. Emission allotments for each cap can besold and traded for emission reductions below theassigned cap.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Degreasing VOC Alternative cleaners or cleaningprocesses. Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Delay/reschedulelandscaping EACs - 2004DemonstrationoftheUseofFastChargedElectricGroundSupportEquipmentasaMeansofReducingAirportEmissionsNOx/PM Fugitive emission controls Stationary NEET Database - ongoingDevelopandfundaprogramforneighborhoodelectricvehiclesNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Developastationcar/lowemissionvehicleshareprogramNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003DiaphragmSensors(FiberOptics)26Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997DieselandGasolineTrucksandBusesRetrofitwith3-waycatalystsongasolineburningheavydutytrucksthatcurrentlyhave2-waycatalystsornocatalystsNOx Mobile SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003DirectInjection(DI)DieselV66 VOC Targeted for the executive car, minivan,multipurpose, and sport utility market, costeffective features include electronic rotary fuelinjection, fixed-geometry inlet prot, conventionalwastegated turbocharger, cooled EGR, withadvanced control algorithms, and an oxidationcatalyst. As with the CIDI engine, the V6 DI enginewill benefit from current DI engine research of lightweight engines and parts and emission controltechnologies.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997DiscountMulti-TripBusFares Introduce discount programs reducing cost ofmultiple bus rides through purchase of pass booksMobile DC RACM - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-19MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Code(e.g. 10-trip tickets)Distributedgenerators--R.C.S.A.section22a-174-42NOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005Downtownshuttles;rapidtransitbus EACs - 2004Drive-throughfacilitiesonozone EACs - 2004drivingtoschool EACs - 2004DryCleaning-Perchloroethylene VOC MACT (condensers/adsorbers) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Drycleaning-petroleum VOC MACT Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Dual-curephotocatalysttechnology12 VOC Low-solvent, low-VOC coatings are beingdeveloped that use photocatalysts to react with thecoating material and accelerate the curing process.These photocatalysts allow the coatings to curefrom liquids to solids quickly under UV or visiblelight. A family of such photocatalysts is beingdeveloped and tested. Major uses include tapeadhesives and protective topcoats for aircraft.Development of solventless backing saturants forelectrical tape backings has essentially beencompleted. Optimal dual cure resin formulationshave been identified and utilized in preparingcomplete tape constructions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Dual-curephotocatalysttechnology4 VOC Dual-cure photocatalysttechnology is beingresearched for a variety of coating and adhesiveuses, such as aerospace topcoats, aerospaceprimers, and solventless manufacture of tapebackings. Significant progress has been made inimproving the performance of the urethane/acrylateformulation being used for the aerospace topcoatapplication. Technical challenges have continuedwith the aerospace primer formulation.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Dualfueldiesel/LNGpower NOx DiesellocomotivesRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997EarlyBusEngineReplacement Replaces high-polluting diesel engines in Mobile DC RACM - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-20MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeWMATA buses with new diesel enginesEastmanAQ1350polymer2 VOC A new water-dispersible hot-melt adhesive rawmaterial, which can form the basis for use in avariety of applications including nonwovenproducts such as disposable diapers, packaging,bookbinding and labels. Products containing thewater-dispersible adhesiveare more easily repulpedor recycled.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997EB-curableepoxyresinsforcomposites9 VOC Major advancement in the formulation of epoxyresin systems capable of being cured (cross-linked)by ionizing radiation. This development could bethe link in making polymer matrix composites andadhesives a cost-effective system for manufacturinga broad range of products in both high-tech andhigh-volume commercial applications. Furtheroptimization of these resin systems is currentlybeing performed for specific aircraft, aerospace,and defense applications. Substantially reducedmanufacturing costs (25-65% less expensive) andcuring times; and improvements in part quality andperformance.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ECMBfundedenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergymeasuresNOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005EDV®WetScrubbingSystem NOx/PM Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingEK35® PM Fugitive emission controls Stationary NEET Database - ongoingElectrical/electroniccoating VOC SCAQMDRule Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Electrical/electroniccoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Electricforklifts-county EACs - 2004Electricnewforkliftpurchasesandforkliftrentals NOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Electricnewforkliftpurchasesandforkliftrentals VOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Electrificationandsingleenginetaxiing NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-21MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeElectrificationorUseofAlternateFuelsinAirportServiceEquipmentNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999ElectronBeam(EB)curing8 VOC EB curing with existing technology has alreadybeen shown to dramatically reduce or eliminatesolvent emissions in wood finishing. Currently,new advances in EB equipment and processes arebeing developed, including a new, lower-energy EBsystem and a new transport system for the EBtreatment of powders. EB processes result inimproved product performance and higherproductivity, but require different curingequipment, and in some cases, application may bemore difficult.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ElectronicFuelInjectionforCNG,LNG,LPG,HydrogenNOx/VOC Mobile NEET Database - ongoingEliminateTimedParkingNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Eliminatevehiceemissioncontrol EACs - 2004Emission-basedparkingfees NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Emission-basedregistrationfees NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003EmissionsfromDecontaminationofSoil VOC Approved VOC mitigation plan + Monitor forVOC contaminationStationary EPA Measures - 1999EmissionsfromPetroleumStorageTanksAdopt SCAQMD Rule 1178: Further Reductionsof VOC Emissions from Storage Tanks atPetroleum FacilitiesArea DC RACM - 2003EmployeeCommuteOptions NOx/VOC In areas notalready required to implement an ECOprogram, evaluate the potential emission reductionsto be achieved by implementing such a programand consider its implementation to achieveadditional reductions and stabilize mobile sourceemissions.Mobile EPA Measures - 1999EmployerMetroShuttleBusServices Provide incentives for businesses to provideemployee shuttle service to the nearest rail orMobile DC RACM - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-22MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codetransit stopEmployerOutreach(PrivateSector) Provide regional outreach to encourage largeprivate-sector employersto voluntarily implementalternative commute strategies to reduce vehicletrips to work sitesMobile DC RACM - 2003EmployerOutreach(PublicSector) Provide regional outreach to encourage publicsector employers to voluntarily implementalternative commute strategies to reduce vehicletrips to work sitesMobile DC RACM - 2003EmptytheERCbank VOCMA Strategies - 2004EmulsifiedAsphalt VOC VOC content limit Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Encourage55duringpeakozone EACs - 2004Energizer-reducevehiclefleet;90%offorkliftsbatteryEACs - 2004Energyconservation-33citybuildings EACs - 2004Energyconservationatcobldgs EACs - 2004Energyconservationplan EACs - 2004Energyefficientbuildings EACs - 2004Energyefficientpublicbuildings EACs - 2004Energyefficienyprograms EACs - 2004Energyreduction-LNB;waterbasedpaints EACs - 2004EngineTestFacilities VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999EnhancedRuleComplianceatExistingStationarySourcesNOx Step up enforcement of and compliance withexisting rules for emissions control by stationarysourcesStationary DC RACM - 2003EnhancedRuleEffectivenessCT RACM - 2001EnhancerealtimetrafficinformationtoallowdriverstomakebetterdecisionsaboutwhenandwheretotravelNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-23MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeEnsureemissionreductionsinSEPs, EACs - 2004EnviroKleen® PM Adhesives and sealants PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingEOLYSSystem33 PM Combines the use of a particulate trap with theaction of the catalytic additive to ensure thatparticulates are destroyed during combustion.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997EPANOxSIPcall CT RACM - 2001EpichlorohydrinElastomersProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr1/pr1pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999EpoxyResinsProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr2/pr2pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999EquipmentleaksforVOCinthesyntheticorganicchemicalmanufacturingindustryVOC Monitoring and repair Stationary EPA Measures - 1999EquipmentleaksofVOCfromonshorenaturalgasprocessingplantsVOC Inspection and repair Stationary EPA Measures - 1999EquipmentleaksofVOCinpetroleumrefineries VOC Inspection and repair Stationary EPA Measures - 1999EstablishaHeavy-DutySmogCheckProgram NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Establishcleanairlabeling,energyconservationandpubliceducationprogramsNOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003EstablishCleanFleetRequirementsforpublicfleets NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Ethanolalternativefuelvehicles EACs - 2004EthyleneProcesses VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Ethylene-PropyleneRubberProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr1/pr1pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999ExhaustGasRecirculation27 NOx This specific technology makes EGR moreeffective by ensuring EGR is applied at the highloads heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDEs) often runat, and providing an acceptable air flow to ensureRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-24MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codethe fuel is being burnt efficiently. Continuing workincludes assessments ofEGR on engine durability,particulate emissions improvements, and transientengine performance.ExplosivesProduction VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Extendenergyefficiencyrequirements EACs - 2004ExtendRampMetering Install signalsto control flow of vehicles atselected freeway ramp entrances to maintain levelof serviceMobile DC RACM - 2003FabricCoating VOC IncinerationStationary EPA Measures - 1999FederalMotorVehicleControlprogramCT RACM - 2001FederalNon-roadGasolineEngines CT RACM - 2001FederalNon-roadHeavyDutydieselengines CT RACM - 2001FerroalloysProduction:SilicomanganeseandFerroManganeseVOC National emission standards for hazardous airpollutants (NESHAP) for production of ferroalloysStationary EPA Measures - 1999FiberglassManufacturing;TextileTypeFiber;RecupFurnacesNOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Flares VOC Fugitive emission controls Stationary NEET Database - ongoingFlexiblePolyurethaneFoamFabricationOperations VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999FlexiblePolyurethaneFoamProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/foam/foampg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999FlexibleVinylandUrethaneCoatingandPrinting VOC Low solvent coatings or Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999FluidCatalyticCrackingUnits;CrackingUnit NOxLow NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Foam-controlagents11 VOC More sophisticated foam-control agents are beingdeveloped and used as formulators move fromsolvent-based to waterborne coating systems.Foam is a common problem in waterborne systems,and it can adversely affect the coating's appearanceand durability. Prudent use of foam control agentscan minimize or eliminate the adverse effects ofRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-25MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codefoam without impacting other surface properties.Formregionalstakeholdersgroup EACs - 2004FuelCellTechnologies7 NOx/VOCDevelopment and demonstration of fuel celltechnologies for on- and off-road mobile sources toimprove the commercial viability of fuel cells,including improvements inpower density, fuelstorage, reformer efficiency, system integration,and cost reduction. Thisprogram is expected toresult in several projects that would supportpromising fuel cell technologies for on- and offroad vehicles. Fuel cell technologies that will beconsidered include proton exchange membrane,solid oxide, direct methanol, phosphoric acid, andmolten carbonate. Mobile source applications thatwill be considered in this category include light-,medium-, and heavy-duty on-road vehicles,locomotives, ships, utility vehicles, neighborhoodelectric vehicles, and other off-road equipmentapplications. Peripheral technologies involving fuelinfrastructure, on-board fuel storage, and hydrogenreforming shall be included if they have potential toadvance the commercial viability of fuel cellapplications.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997FuelCellVehicle8 NOx/VOC Chrysler is teaming with Delphi Energy and EngineManagement Systems to build within two years a“proof of concept” fuel cell vehicle that runs ongasoline. The technology will be a five-stepprocess to refine gasoline on-board a vehicle. Thiscould improve fuel efficiency by 50 percent,provide up to 400 miles range, be at least 90percent cleaner, and cost no more than a currentmid-size car.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997FuelFiredEquipment;ProcessHeaters,PropaneGas NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999FugitiveEmissions:Oil&GasProductionFacilities& VOCIdentify all major & critical equipment + I & M Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-26MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeConveyingStations ProgramGalliumarsenide NOx/VOC It is possible to increase any solar cell’s efficiencyby focusing a more direct source of solar energy onit. In application, cells need to withstand extremeconditions in order to see an efficiency increase.This alloy demonstrated an efficiency of 28 percentunder concentrated sunlight.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Garbagetruckregulation PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005GasChromatograph VOC Ambient Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingGascollectionsystem-solidwastelandfill EACs - 2004Gaseous-andLiquidFueledInternalCombustionEnginesVOC VOC and NOx emissionlimits for stationary andportable enginesStationary EPA Measures - 1999GasfiredWaterHeaters,SmallBoilers,andProcessHeaters(Dec2002)TX SIP - 2000-2004GasolineDistribution(Stage1) VOC Improved seals on storage tanks and performingleak detection and repair of vapor and liquid leaksfrom equipment used to transfer gasoline Vaporprocessors are to collect and treat or recover vaporsdisplaced during cargo tank loading operations.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasolineLoadingRacks:IncreasedRuleEffectivenessVOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005GasProductionandfromPetroleumProduction VOC IndustrialProcessSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003GasTaxIncrease Increase state and local gas taxes to add 10% topurchase price of gasoline. Use proceeds to fundregional transit operations.Mobile DC RACM - 2003GasTurbines NOx Detailed equations 40 CFR60.332 Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines NOx Limits for turbines burning natural gas at 25-42ppm and as low as 9-15 ppm.+ limits for turbinesburning distillate oil at 65ppm or below, and asStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-27MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codelow as 25-42 ppm..GasTurbines NOx Turbines >25 MW: Wet injection + SCR - 9 ppm(0.04 lb/mm Btu & 8-25 MW: Low NOxcombustion - 42 ppmStationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-JetFuel NOx SelectiveCatalytic Reduction + Water InjectionStationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-JetFuel NOx Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Steam Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction + Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction + Steam Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-NaturalGas NOx Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-Oil NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction +Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GasTurbines-Oil NOx Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Gearbox NOx/VOC The turbine blades’ rotation causes wear on asystem’s gearbox. By using improved gearboxes, itis possible to lower total system cost (gearboxes areapproximately 20 percent oftotal system cost). Ifas projected, infinitely variable speed towersystems become available,then it would no longerbe necessary to maintain a gearbox in a towersystem. Improved designand use of compositematerials will reduce system cost by increasing thesystem’s life span.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Glass NOx Pressed / blown - LNB 13 lb/ton & Container -LNB 6 lb/ton & Flat - SNCR 9.5 lb.tonStationary EPA Measures - 1999GlassForming VOC Silicon-water emulsions replacement forpetroleum-based lubricantsStationary EPA Measures - 1999GlassFurnaces NOx Combustion modifications, process changes andpost-combustion controls(SNCR) + RACT limitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-28MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeof 5.3-5.5 lbs NOx/ton of glass removed with limitsas low as 4.0 lb NOx/ton of glass removed +coordinate installation of controls with routinefurnace rebuildsGlassMeltingFurnaces NOx NOx emission limit + Continuous NOx monitoringfrom unit + Alternative Emission Control PlanStationary EPA Measures - 1999GraphicArts VOC VOC content ofgraphic art materials + VOCcontent limit for fountain solutions + Emissioncontrol system for non-compliant materials +Solvent cleaning and storage and disposal of VOCcontaining materials comply with Rule 1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999GraphicArtsRotogravurereandFlexographicPrintingVOC Permanent total enclosures, where possible + VOClimits for inks + low-solvent clean-up solutionsStationary EPA Measures - 1999HazardousOrganicNESHAP(CoveringManufactureOfSeveralOrganicCompounds)VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hon/honpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyDieselEngineStandards--R.C.S.A.section22a-174-36aNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005heavydutydieselstrategies EACs - 2004Heavy-DutyDieselVehicleControlsandFuels VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:FuelAdditivesToReduceEmissionsNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:IntermodalFreightEfficiencyNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:PreventiveMaintenance/RebuildRequirementsatSpecificMileageNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyDieselVehicles:ReduceTruckIdling NOx/VOCVoluntary measures Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:RequireLowSulfurDieselFuelEarlierThanEPAMayRequireNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-29MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeHeavyDutyDieselVehicles:RequireUseOfOxydieselFuelNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:Upgrading/RetrofitEquipmentNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyEngineECMRecalibration NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003HeavyTransitRail NOx/VOC Voluntary measures MobileEPA Measures - 1999HighAirFlowBio-airVENT VOC Process vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingHighcetanedieselfuelforonroadvehicles Require onroad dieselvehicles to use high cetanefuelMobile DC RACM - 2003Highsolidsaliphaticpolyurethanecoatings16 VOC Three novel approaches to high solids aliphaticpolyurethane coatings have been developed: a100% solids, VOC free, instant setting, aliphaticpolyurethane coating system; a high solids mixand-apply aliphatic polyurethane coating system;and a high solids single component aliphaticpolyurethane coating system.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997HighwayPaints VOC VOC content limitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-Gasoline NOx/VOC TransportationControl Package Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-Gasoline NOx/VOC Federal Reformulated Gasoline Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasoline NOx/VOC High Enhanced I/M Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasoline NOx/VOC Fleet ILEV Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasTrucks NOx/VOC Tier2 Standards Mobile EPA Measures - 1999Homeheatingoilsulfurreductions PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005Hotmeltspraytool1 VOC A newly-redesigned, solvent-free, hot melt spraytool is under to development to reduce VOCemissions. Further details not available.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997HOVlanes-I-24,40 EACs - 2004HRVOCWebpage(Dec2004) TX SIP - 2000-2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-30MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeHybridvehicles EACs - 2004HydrazineProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999HyperimmobilizingAbsorbentDeactivatingPowderVOC Manufacturing (general) PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingHazardousOrganicNESHAP(CoveringManufactureOfSeveralOrganicCompounds)VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hon/honpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyDieselEngineStandards--R.C.S.A.section22a-174-36aNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005heavydutydieselstrategies EACs - 2004Heavy-DutyDieselVehicleControlsandFuels VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:FuelAdditivesToReduceEmissionsNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:IntermodalFreightEfficiencyNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:PreventiveMaintenance/RebuildRequirementsatSpecificMileageNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyDieselVehicles:ReduceTruckIdling NOx/VOCVoluntary measures Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:RequireLowSulfurDieselFuelEarlierThanEPAMayRequireNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:RequireUseOfOxydieselFuelNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999HeavyDutyDieselVehicles:Upgrading/RetrofitEquipmentNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Heavy-DutyEngineECMRecalibration NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003HeavyTransitRail NOx/VOC Voluntary measures MobileEPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-31MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeHighAirFlowBio-airVENT VOC Process vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingHighcetanedieselfuelforonroadvehicles Require onroad dieselvehicles to use high cetanefuelMobile DC RACM - 2003Highsolidsaliphaticpolyurethanecoatings16 VOC Three novel approaches to high solids aliphaticpolyurethane coatings have been developed: a100% solids, VOC free, instant setting, aliphaticpolyurethane coating system; a high solids mixand-apply aliphatic polyurethane coating system;and a high solids single component aliphaticpolyurethane coating system.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997HighwayPaints VOC VOC content limitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-Gasoline NOx/VOC TransportationControl Package Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-Gasoline NOx/VOC Federal Reformulated Gasoline Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasoline NOx/VOC High Enhanced I/M Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasoline NOx/VOC Fleet ILEV Mobile EPA Measures - 1999HighwayVehicles-LDGasTrucks NOx/VOC Tier2 Standards Mobile EPA Measures - 1999Homeheatingoilsulfurreductions PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005Hotmeltspraytool1 VOC A newly-redesigned, solvent-free, hot melt spraytool is under to development to reduce VOCemissions. Further details not available.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997HOVlanes-I-24,40 EACs - 2004HRVOCWebpage(Dec2004) TX SIP - 2000-2004Hybridvehicles EACs - 2004HydrazineProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Hyper immobilizingAbsorbentDeactivatingPowder VOC Manufacturing (general) PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingI/Mforheavy-dutydieselvehicles PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005ICEngines NOx Lean burn - LEC 2 gm/bhp-hr & Rich Burn -SNCR 2 gm/bhp-hr & Diesel-SCR 2 gm/bhp-hrStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-32MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeICEngines-Gas,Diesel,LPG NOxSelective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICEngines-Gas,Diesel,LPG NOxIgnition Retard Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Natural GasReburn Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Coal Reburn Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/FBC NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - UreaStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue GasRecirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-33MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeICIBoilers-LPG NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-MSW/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Oxygen Trim + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Oxygen Trim + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Wood/Bark/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - UreaStationary EPA Measures - 1999I/Mforheavy-dutydieselvehicles PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005ICEngines NOx Lean burn - LEC 2 gm/bhp-hr & Rich Burn -SNCR 2 gm/bhp-hr & Diesel-SCR 2 gm/bhp-hrStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICEngines-Gas,Diesel,LPG NOxSelective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICEngines-Gas,Diesel,LPG NOxIgnition Retard Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Natural GasReburn Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Coal Reburn Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Cyclone NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/FBC NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - UreaStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-34MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeICIBoilers-Coal/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coal/Wall NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Coke NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-DistillateOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LiquidWaste NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue GasRecirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-LPG NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-MSW/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Oxygen Trim + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-35MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Oxygen Trim + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-ResidualOil NOx Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ICIBoilers-Wood/Bark/Stoker NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - UreaStationary EPA Measures - 1999Idlingrestriction-heavy-dutydiesel EACs - 2004Idlingrestrictionsforconstructionequipment Limit idling by construction equipment Non-road DC RACM - 2003Idlingrestrictionsforlawn&gardenequipment Limit idling by commercial lawn & gardenequipmentNon-road DC RACM - 2003Implementaprogramtoreplacecatalystsinlightdutyvehiclesandtrucks,includingSUVsNOx On-RoadMobile LightDuty VehicleTechnologyControlMeasuresSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ImplementNOxRACTBeyondNonattainmentArea Take credit for reductions due to implementationof NOx RACT rules beyond nonattainment areaArea DC RACM - 2003ImplementOTCBeyondNonattainmentArea Takecredit for reductions due to implementationof OTC measures beyondnonattainment areaArea DC RACM - 2003Implementregistrationandinspectionprogramforheavy-duty(>50hp)off-roaddieselenginesNOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Implementregistrationandinspectionprogramforheavy-duty(>50hp)off-roaddieselenginesVOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Implementsteps-purchasealternativeEACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-36MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeImplementtollboothsandpay-to-driveroads NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ImplementtrafficcalmingmeasurestoreducevehiclespeedandencouragebicycleandpedestrianactivityNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ImplementVOCRACTBeyondNonattainmentArea Take credit for reductions due to implementationof VOC RACT rules beyond nonattainment areaArea DC RACM - 2003ImprovedAirfoilMaterials NOx/VOC Utilization of wind power necessitates a device(airfoil) which will capture wind energy. By usingnewer materials and changing the number ofblades, improved energy generation and lower costsmay be achieved. Improved airfoil design usingcomposite materials (fiberglass, wood/epoxy) andfewer blades (2-3) will reduce system cost whileincreasing energy conversions/efficiencies.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Incidentmgt/Intelltrans.System EACs - 2004Includefuelefficiency/emission EACs - 2004IncludeNOxscreeningintheHeavyDutyVehicleInspectionProgramNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Increasedcompliancewiththeantiidlingrestriction;schoolbusandtruckstopsignage;stateandlocalpoliceenforcementPM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005Increasesthepriceofgasolinetopayfordamagesofpollution,costofglobalwarming(greenhousegases),andcostofpetroleumdependencyNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003IncreaseVehicleRegistrationFeeandTrafficandParkingViolationFinesNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Industrial,InstitutionalandCommercialBoilers,SteamGenerators,andProcessHeatersNOx NOx emission limit, methods to meet the limit isnot specifiedStationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialandCommercialBoilers NOx Limitsfor boilers larger than 100 mmBtu/hr atlevels of 0.t 5 lb/mmBtu or below for coal and 0.05lb/mmBtu for oil and gas + limits for mid-sizeboilers between 50-100 mmBtu/hr at 0.10Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-37MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codelb/mmBtu for gas, 0.12 lb/mmBtu for distillate oiland 0.30 lb/mmBtu for residual oil, 0.38 lb/mmBtufor coal + boilers smaller than 50 mmBtu/hr makeannual "tune-ups" to minimize excess airIndustrialBoilers VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialCoalCombustion NOx RACT to 50 tpy (LowNOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialCoalCombustion NOx RACT to 25 tidy (LowNOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialequipmentretrofits Require industrial equipment to be retrofitted withemissions controlsNon-road DC RACM - 2003IndustrialIncinerators NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialmaintenancecoating VOC AIM Coating Federal Rule Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialmaintenancecoating VOCSouth Coast Phase IIStationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialmaintenancecoating VOCSouth Coast Phase I Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialmaintenancecoating VOCSouth Coast Phase IIIStationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialNaturalGasCombustion NOx RACT to 25 tpy (Low NOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialNaturalGasCombustion NOx RACT to 50 tpy (Low NOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialOilCombustion NOx RACT to 25 tpy (LowNOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialOilCombustion NOx RACT to 50 tpy (LowNOx Burners) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialProcessCoolingTowers VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/mactfnl.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialsurfacecoating:Largeappliances VOC Low solvent coatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Industrialsurfacecoating:surfacecoatingofplasticpartsforbusinessmachinesVOC Low VOC coatings Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IndustrialWastewaterTreatmentVOC Wastewater stream enclosed to point of treatment+ require 95-percent control of volatiles +regulations on wastewater streams with lower VOCconcentration than those identified in EPA'sControl Techniques Guideline (CTG)Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-38MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeIndustrialWastewaterTreatment/PubliclyOwnedTreatmentWorksNOx/VOC Area CT Memo - 2005Injector/IntensifierSystem24 NOx This system is designed to reduce NOx emissionsfrom heavy-duty diesel vehicles through a newnatural gas fuel injector system. The natural gasinjector system will be fabricated installed andcertified.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997In-Process;BituminousCoal;CementKiln NOxSelective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Ureabased Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-Process;BituminousCoal;LimeKiln NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea based Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-Process;ProcessGas;CokeOven/BlastFurnaces NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-Process;ProcessGas;CokeOvenGas NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-ProcessFuelUse;BituminousCoal;GeneralNOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-ProcessFuelUse;NaturalGas;General NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999In-ProcessFuelUse;ResidualOil;General NOx LowNOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Installpassivegasvents-landfill EACs - 2004InstallRemoteSensingtoIdentifyHighEmittingVehiclesNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Institutional/CommercialBoilers VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IntegratedIronandSteelManufacture VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IntellidyneFuelEconomizer NOx/VOC OtherStationary NEET Database - ongoingInternalCombustionEngines-GasNOx Ignition Retard Stationary EPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Gas NOx Air-to-FuelRatio StationaryEPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Gas NOx Air-to-Fuel Ratio+ Ignition Retard Stationary EPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Gas NOx L-E (Medium Speed) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Gas NOx L-E (LowSpeed) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Gas NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999InternalCombustionEngines-Oil NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-39MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeInternalCombustionEngines-Oil NOx IgnitionRetard Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IntroducelowNOxenginesearly NOx M3 On-roadheavy dutydieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Annealing NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Galvanizing NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Galvanizing NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Reheating NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Reheating NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Iron&SteelMills-Reheating NOx LEAStationary EPA Measures - 1999IronandStealIndustry/SinterPlants VOC Deoiling control limit on oil and grease for millscale.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IronandSteelFoundries VOC SCAQMD's rule for combustion gas limiting thedischarge of carbon monoxideStationary EPA Measures - 1999IronandSteelMills NOx Low NOx burners and FGR for reheat furnaces +SCR and low NOx burners for annealing furnaces +low NOx burners and FGR for galvanizing furnacesStationary EPA Measures - 1999IronFoundries VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999IronProduction;BlastFurnace;BlastHeatingStoves NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999KraftPulpMills NOx Industrial boilersregulated same as Industrial andCommercial Boilers + SNCRfor recovery boilers +lime kilns regulated same as Cement KilnsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-40MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeLABSORB(tm)RegenerativeSO2scrubbing PM Emission capturesystems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingLandDevevelopmentCode/Tree EACs - 2004LandfillGases VOC New Source Performance Standard + lower sizecutoff based on area's major source definition +regulating landfills with more than 500,000 tons inplace.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Landscape/treeordinances EACs - 2004Landscapeordinance-noresid EACs - 2004LargeAppliance(SurfaceCoating) VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LargeWaterHeatersandSmallBoilers NOx NOx emission limit + Compliance CertificationProgram for equipment manufacturers + RetrofitCompliance Certification ProgramStationary EPA Measures - 1999LaserRemoteSensing NOx Real-time monitoring/information display Models andEnvironmental SoftwareNEET Database - ongoingLaserRemoteSensing NOx Ambientmodeling/simulation Models andEnvironmental SoftwareNEET Database - ongoingLasIR NOx Emissions Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingLawn&gardenequipmen: EACs - 2004LawnandgardenequipmentbuybackandscrappageprogramsNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005LawnMowerandGardenReplacementProgram NOx/VOC Voluntary program to replace gasoline poweredlawn and garden equipment with electric poweredequipmentMobile EPA Measures - 1999LeanBurnCatalysts31 NOx Major challenges in this project are thedevelopment of a catalyst with the three followingattributes: 1) Sufficient and selective lean NOxactivity; 2) Robustness, particularly hydrothermaldurability; and 3) economically practical.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-41MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeDevelopment of a lean burn catalyst is critical forthe commercialization of the lean burn engine.LeatherTanningandFinishingOperations VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea BasedStationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - NH3BasedStationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Mid-Kiln Firing Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Limitingpleasurecraft/vehicleuseabove100F VOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LNGCombustionTechnologyforLocomotives23 NOx/VOC Develop and demonstrate, via the GasRail USAprogram, LNG combustion technology forlocomotives capable of reducing NOx emissions by75% or more compared to conventional dieseltechnology. In partnership with SouthwestResearch Institute, theproject would optimize anewly developed combustion technology in a multicylinder locomotive engine. This will be followedby integration of the combustion system into one ormore Metrolink passenger locomotives foroperation in the SCAQMD Basin.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997LongerTermEngineRetrofitorAftertreatment NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LoTOx(tm)Technology NOx Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingLowEmission,AlternativeFuelTechnologiesforOnRoadApplications21NOx/VOC Development and demonstration of low-emission,alternative fuel technologies for light-, medium-,and heavy-duty mobile sources. Alternative cleanfuels that will be considered include, but are notnecessarily limited to, natural gas, propane,methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and Hythane. Inaddition, reformulated gasoline and diesel fuelshave been developed thatproduce lower emissions.When used in conjunctionwith advanced emissioncontrols, additives, and new engine technologies,Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-42MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codethese appear to have promise to meet some CARBLEV standards.Low-EmissionAsphalt Adopt SCAQMD Rules 1108: Cutback Asphalt(less than 0.5% VOC evaporating at 260F) and1108.1: Emulsified Asphalt(less than 3% VOCevaporating at 260F)Area DC RACM - 2003Lowemissiondieselforfleets EACs - 2004Low-EmissionFurnaces Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1111: NOx Emissions fromNatural Gas Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces (nomore than 40 nanograms of NOx per joule of usefulheat)Area DC RACM - 2003Low-emissionsagriculturalequipment Require sale of low-emissions agriculturalequipment in regionNon-road DC RACM - 2003Low-emissionsconstructionequipment Require sale of low-emissions constructionequipment in regionNon-road DC RACM - 2003Low-EmissionWaterHeaters Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1121: Control of NOx fromResidential Type Natural Gas Fired Water HeatersArea DC RACM - 2003Loweremissionstandardsforgasolinetrucks NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Lowerspeedlimit-55fortrucksduring EACs - 2004Low-NOxDieselFuel(On-Road) Require regional use of low-NOx fuel for on-roaddiesel vehiclesMobile DC RACM - 2003lowNOxlimitsforboilers/heatersintheheatinputrangeof75,000to2,000,000Btu/hrNOx Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LowReidVaporPressureGas EACs - 2004LowSfuels-asap EACs - 2004Low-SulfurFuelforElectricGeneratingUnits--R.C.S.A.section22a-174-19aPM2/5 Stationary CT Memo - 2005LowSulfurFuelOil(340ppm);80percentReductioninSOxEmissionsNOx Marine(commercial)Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-43MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeLow-sulfurTypeIIfuelsinallvehicles EACs - 2004LowVOCstripingmaterial EACs - 2004LABSORB(tm)RegenerativeSO2scrubbing PM Emission capturesystems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingLandDevevelopmentCode/Tree EACs - 2004LandfillGases VOC New Source Performance Standard + lower sizecutoff based on area's major source definition +regulating landfills with more than 500,000 tons inplace.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Landscape/treeordinances EACs - 2004Landscapeordinance-noresid EACs - 2004LargeAppliance(SurfaceCoating) VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LargeWaterHeatersandSmallBoilers NOx NOx emission limit + Compliance CertificationProgram for equipment manufacturers + RetrofitCompliance Certification ProgramStationary EPA Measures - 1999LaserRemoteSensing NOx Real-time monitoring/information display Models andEnvironmental SoftwareNEET Database - ongoingLaserRemoteSensing NOx Ambientmodeling/simulation Models andEnvironmental SoftwareNEET Database - ongoingLasIR NOx Emissions Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingLawn&gardenequipmen: EACs - 2004LawnandgardenequipmentbuybackandscrappageprogramsNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005LawnMowerandGardenReplacementProgram NOx/VOC Voluntary program to replace gasoline poweredlawn and garden equipment with electric poweredequipmentMobile EPA Measures - 1999LeanBurnCatalysts31 NOx Major challenges in this project are thedevelopment of a catalyst with the three followingattributes: 1) Sufficient and selective lean NOxRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-44MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeactivity; 2) Robustness, particularly hydrothermaldurability; and 3) economically practical.Development of a lean burn catalyst is critical forthe commercialization of the lean burn engine.LeatherTanningandFinishingOperations VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - Urea BasedStationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction - NH3BasedStationary EPA Measures - 1999LimeKilns NOx Mid-Kiln Firing Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Limitingpleasurecraft/vehicleuseabove100F VOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LNGCombustionTechnologyforLocomotives23 NOx/VOC Develop and demonstrate, via the GasRail USAprogram, LNG combustion technology forlocomotives capable of reducing NOx emissions by75% or more compared to conventional dieseltechnology. In partnership with SouthwestResearch Institute, theproject would optimize anewly developed combustion technology in a multicylinder locomotive engine. This will be followedby integration of the combustion system into one ormore Metrolink passenger locomotives foroperation in the SCAQMD Basin.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997LongerTermEngineRetrofitorAftertreatment NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LoTOx(tm)Technology NOx Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingLowEmission,AlternativeFuelTechnologiesforOnRoadApplications21NOx/VOC Development and demonstration of low-emission,alternative fuel technologies for light-, medium-,and heavy-duty mobile sources. Alternative cleanfuels that will be considered include, but are notnecessarily limited to, natural gas, propane,methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and Hythane. Inaddition, reformulated gasoline and diesel fuelshave been developed thatproduce lower emissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-45MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeWhen used in conjunctionwith advanced emissioncontrols, additives, and new engine technologies,these appear to have promise to meet some CARBLEV standards.Low-EmissionAsphalt Adopt SCAQMD Rules 1108: Cutback Asphalt(less than 0.5% VOC evaporating at 260F) and1108.1: Emulsified Asphalt(less than 3% VOCevaporating at 260F)Area DC RACM - 2003Lowemissiondieselforfleets EACs - 2004Low-EmissionFurnaces Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1111: NOx Emissions fromNatural Gas Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces (nomore than 40 nanograms of NOx per joule of usefulheat)Area DC RACM - 2003Low-emissionsagriculturalequipment Require sale of low-emissions agriculturalequipment in regionNon-road DC RACM - 2003Low-emissionsconstructionequipment Require sale of low-emissions constructionequipment in regionNon-road DC RACM - 2003Low-EmissionWaterHeaters Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1121: Control of NOx fromResidential Type Natural Gas Fired Water HeatersArea DC RACM - 2003Loweremissionstandardsforgasolinetrucks NOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Lowerspeedlimit-55fortrucksduring EACs - 2004Low-NOxDieselFuel(On-Road) Require regional use of low-NOx fuel for on-roaddiesel vehiclesMobile DC RACM - 2003lowNOxlimitsforboilers/heatersintheheatinputrangeof75,000to2,000,000Btu/hrNOx Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003LowReidVaporPressureGas EACs - 2004LowSfuels-asap EACs - 2004Low-SulfurFuelforElectricGeneratingUnits--R.C.S.A.section22a-174-19aPM2/5 Stationary CT Memo - 2005Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-46MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeLowSulfurFuelOil(340ppm);80percentReductioninSOxEmissionsNOx Marine(commercial)Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Low-sulfurTypeIIfuelsinallvehicles EACs - 2004LowVOCstripingmaterial EACs - 2004Magneticallycontrolleddepositionofmetalsusinggasplasma7VOC Methods of spraying materials on a substrate in acontrolled manner are being researched in anattempt to eliminate the waste inherent in thepresent process. Thin layers of secondary materialare plated on substrates either by plating orspraying processes. Plating operations producelarge amounts of hazardousliquid waste. Spraying,while one of the less waste intensive methods,produces `over spray' which is waste that is a resultof the uncontrolled nature of the spray stream. Inmany cases the over spray produces a hazardouswaste.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997MagneticTapes(SurfaceCoating) VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/magtape/magtappg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999MagnetWireCoatingOperations VOC VOC content limits for compliant coatings +Emission capture and control system for noncompliant coatings + Cleaning operations andsolvent storage and disposal comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MandatorychipreflashingforheavydutydieseltrucksNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005MandatoryFacilityReductiononSpareAirDays NOx StationarySAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003MandatoryFacilityReductiononSpareAirDays VOC StationarySAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ManufactureOfPaints,Coatings,andAdhesives VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ManufactureofPolymericCellularProducts(Foam) VOCDiscontinue use of VOC blowing agents in nonexpandable molding operations + Quantitylimitations on blowing agents in expandableStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-47MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codemolding operationsManufacturingOfNutritionalYeast VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ManufacturingTechniques NOx/VOC The manufacture of wind tower components is todate a labor intensive process (airfoils aretraditionally hand laid). Development and use ofcomputerized mass production techniques promisesto reduce lay-up timesand increase orders.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997MarinaGasolineRefueling VOC Stage I andII vapor recovery at marinas thatdispense more than 10,000 gallons per month.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MarineCoatingOperations VOCVOC content limits for marine coatings + Solventcleaning and storage comply with Rule 1171 +Emission collection andcontrol system for noncompliant coatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999MarineEngines:OperatingRestrictions NOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999MarineEngines:Refueling/FuelsNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Marinesurfacecoating VOC Add-on control levels Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Marinesurfacecoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999MarineVesselLoadingOperationsVOC Sets standards and requires RACT for VOC andHAP emissions from new and existing marine tankvessel loading operations Sets NESHAP andrequires MACT for existing and new major marinetank vessel loading operationsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Mechanical,electric,railroadcoating VOC MACT level ofcontrol Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Mechanical,electric,railroadcoating VOC SCAQMD LimitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Media/puiblicrelationsprogram EACs - 2004MedicalWasteIncinerators NOx 250 ppmv Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MedicalWasteIncinerators NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999MedicalWasteIncinerators NOx Controlssimilar to those for municipal wastecombustorsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-48MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeMedium-DutyCNGEngineConversionKit18 NOx/VOC Support for fielddemonstration of improvedsoftware and hardwarefor a medium-duty CNGengine conversion kit to support the existingmedium-duty vehicle population. The SCAQMDpreviously supported field demonstration of thefirst generation kit in a contract with Thermo PowerCorporation. This kit has operated well in the field.However, improvements in performance and fueleconomy are needed if the kit is to be commerciallyviable. Hardware and software modifications toachieve improved performance and fuel economyare currently being developed. The proposedproject would support field demonstration of thesecond generation kit.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997MetalCan(SurfaceCoating) VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Metalcoil&cancoating VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Metalcoil&cancoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Metalcoil&cancoating VOC BAAQMD Rule 11 Amended Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MetalCoil(SurfaceCoating) VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Metalcoilsurfacecoating VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MetalContainer,Closure,andCoilCoatingOperationsVOC VOC content limits for compliant coatings +Emission capture and control system for noncompliant coatings + Cleaning operations andsolvent storage and disposal comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Metalfurniture,appliances,parts VOC SCAQMDLimits StationaryEPA Measures - 1999Metalfurniture,appliances,parts VOC MACT Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Micro-emulsiontechnology15 VOCNew microemulsion technology creates an effectiveway to decrease VOC levels up to 50% or more andstill maintain effective paint-stripping performance.This solvent technology allows water to beincorporated into hydrocarbon-based paint strippersRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-49MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codewhile making minimal performance sacrifices.MiscellaneousMetalPartsandProducts(SurfaceCoating)VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Mobilezonesprayboothventilationsystem6 VOCNew process design endeavors to reduce thevolume of air to be treatedfrom spray paint booths,thereby increasing efficiency and improving airpollution abatement (in particular, reducing VOCemissions). Most of the ventilation air is recycledthrough the booth to maintain laminar flow; themachinery is located on thesupply side of the boothrather than on the exhaust side. 60 to 95% reductionin spray booth exhaustrate should result.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997MobotecSystem NOx/PM Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingMoleculeQuantumMechanicAirPurification NOx/VOCOther Stationary NEET Database - ongoingMoltenCarbonateFuelCell(MCFC)4 NOx/VOC The molten carbonate fuel cell uses an electrolyteof lithium and potassium carbonates and operates atapproximately 650C (1200F). Due to the hightemperature involved, noble metal catalysts are notrequired for the cell electrochemical oxidation andreduction process.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Moreefficienttraffickingsystems EACs - 2004MotorVehicleandMobileEquipmentNonAssemblyLineCoatingOperationsVOC VOC content limits for compliant coatings +Emission capture and control system for noncompliant coatings + Cleaning operations andsolvent storage and disposal comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MotorVehicleAssemblyLineCoatingOperations VOCVOC content limit for compliant coatings +Solvent cleaning and storage comply with Rule1171 + Emission capture and control system fornon-compliant coatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Motorvehiclecoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Motorvehiclecoating VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-50MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeMulti-junctioncells(galliumarsenideandIIIValloys)NOx/VOC It is possible to increase any solar cell’s efficiencyby focusing a more direct source of solar energy onit. In application, cells need to withstand extremeconditions in order to see an efficiency increase.This alloy demonstrated an efficiency in excess of30 percent under concentrated sunlight. Theexpectation is to exceed 32 percent efficiency.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Municipalsolidwastelandfill VOC RCRA standards Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MunicipalWasteCombustorControls NOxStationary CT Memo - 2005MunicipalWasteCombustors NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999MunicipalWasteCombustorsNOx EPA's regulation for large, existing MWCsemitting more than 250 tons/day + more stringentlimits (e.g., 30-50 ppmv)or shorter averagingperiods (e.g., 8-hr average).Stationary EPA Measures - 1999MunicipalWasteCombustors(Beganoperationbetween12/20/89and9/20/94)NOx 180 ppm at 7% oxygen Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Natural-Gas-Fired,Fan-TypeCentralFurnaces NOx NOx emission limitStationary EPA Measures - 1999NaturalGasFuelSpecificationsNOx Area SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003NaturalgasprocessingplantreduceNoxandVOCemissionsby90%EACs - 2004NaturalGasProduction;Compressors NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NaturalGasTransmissionandStorage VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NeopreneProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr1/pr1pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Newinfrastructure-rideshareprogram EACs - 2004Newlatexpolymerapplicationmethod5 VOC New latex polymer application method eliminatesthe acetate rinse-out and the resultant solventcontaminated water waste stream and distillation airemissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Newphotoinitiatorsystems25 VOCCiba is working on advanced photoinitiator systems Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-51MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codethat enable paints andcoatings to dry rapidlywithout the need for heating or the release ofsolvents into the atmosphere. Key future researchis targeting extending the range of photoinitiatorsfor paints and coatings.NewUV-curetechnologyapplications7 VOC New UV-cure applications are being developed foruse in the automotive industry. These applicationsinclude coatings for metal and plastics, interior andexterior applications, adhesives, and gasketing.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Newvehiclespowered NOx M4 On-roadheavy dutydieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Nitric/adipicacids NOx Nitric acid - 2.3 lb/ton extended adsorption; Adipicacid - 7.4 lb/ton extended adsorptionStationary EPA Measures - 1999NitricAcidManufacturing NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NitricAcidManufacturing NOx Extended Absorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NitricAcidManufacturing NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NitricAcidPlants NOx 3.0 lb/ton of acidproduced Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NitricandAdipicAcidPlants NOx Consider astandard of 2.0 lbs NOx/ton of nitricacid produced, representing approximately 95-percent control. Even lower standards areachievable using SCR. The nation's four adipic acidplants are already regulated at over 80-per-centefficiency.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999NitrileButadieneRubberProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr1/pr1pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999NitrogenOxides(NOx)EmissionControl NOxProcess vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingNon-acrylateSystems10 VOC In the researchdevelopment of UV and EB curablealternatives to acrylates, a number of "new"systems have been developed that reduceemissions, such as cationic systems, alternating freeradical induced copolymerization of donor/acceptorRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-52MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codetype monomers, various hybrid systems, andphotoinduced addition reactions for the formationof polymeric networks.Non-majorVOCsourcebakeries NOx/VOCStationary CT Memo - 2005Non-NylonPolyamidsProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr2/pr2pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Nonozonedepletingsealantsforammunitionapplications22VOC Research program aimed at investigating solventfree or solvent-safe case mouth sealants for militaryammunition by evaluating state-of-the-art,commercially-available non-ozone depletingsealants. Economic benefits include reduced costs(elimination of toxic ozone-depleting chemicalsenvironmental protection activities), increasedproduction rates, and reduced lot rejection rate(which currently averages 6% per year).Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Non-RoadEngineStandards8 VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005NonroadGasolineEngines NOx/VOC Federal Reformulated Gasoline Mobile EPA Measures - 1999Non-RoadVehiclesandEngines NOx/VOC Achieve reductions from lawn and gardenequipment and recreational vesselsMobile EPA Measures - 1999Non-ThermalPlasmaReactor30 NOx/VOC "Packed-bed reactor" transforms exhaust gaspollutants into less harmful constituents.Simultaneous particulate and NOx removal indiesel engine exhaustRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997NonutilityBoilers NOx Natural Gas and Distillate Oil- Low heat releaserate - 0.10 lb/mmBtu; High heat -0.20 lb/mmBtuResidual Oil- Low heat release rate - 0.3 lb/mmBtu;High heat release rate - 0.4 lb/mmBtu Coal- MassFeed Stoker - 0.5 lb/mmBtu; Spreader Stoker andFBC - 0.6 lb/mmBtu; Pulverized Coal - 0.7lb/mmBtu; Lignite - 0.6 lb/mmBtuStationary EPA Measures - 1999NOxAnalyzers NOx Emissions Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingNOxBudgetProgram(EPANOxSIPCall) NOxStationary CT Memo - 2005Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-53MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeNOxControlsonCommercialPowerGeneratingEquipmentAdopt OTC Additional NOx Controls Rulethroughout nonattainment area(applies to industrialboilers, stationary combustion turbines andreciprocating engines, emergency generators, loadshavers and cement kilns)Stationary DC RACM - 2003NOxemissionlimitsonasphalticconcreteproductionfacilitiesNOx Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003NOxemissionlimitsonasphalticconcreteproductionfacilitiesVOC Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003NOxLimitForPowerPlants Cap the emission rate from each utility boiler andturbine below NOx SIP Call limitsStationary DC RACM - 2003NOxRACTRules NOx States' NOx RACT rules Stationary EPA Measures - 1999off-roadvehiclereplacements EACs - 2004Offsetlithography VOC Low solvent inks and fountain solutions Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Off-SiteWasteandRecoveryOperations VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Oilandnaturalgasproduction VOC Equipment and maintenance Stationary EPA Measures - 1999OilandNaturalGasProduction VOC For major oil and natural gas production facilities,the rule requires controls at the following emissionpoints: (1) process ventsat certain size glycoldehydration units; (2)tankswith flashing emissionpotential; and (3) certain fugitive emission sourcesat natural gas processing plants. For natural gastransmission and storage facilities that are majorsources of hazardous air pollutants, the rulerequires emission controlsat process vents atcertain size glycoldehydration units.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999On-boardRefuelingVaporRecoveryVOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005On-boardRefuelingVaporRecovery CT RACM - 2001On-roadvehiclereplacement EACs - 2004OpenBurning NOx Episodic Ban (Daily Only) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-54MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeOpenburning VOC Episodic banStationary EPA Measures - 1999OpenBurning Eliminate openburning in counties adjacent tononattainment areaArea DC RACM - 2003OpenBurning EACs - 2004Openburningban-expanded EACs - 2004Opentopdegreasing VOC SCAQMD 1122 (VOC content limit) Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Opentopdegreasing VOC Airtight degreasingsystem StationaryEPA Measures - 1999Opentopdegreasing VOC MACT Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Optimizedautomobilecatalyst35 NOx/VOC AirflowCatalysts is attempting to reengineer thetraditional automobile catalyst. The redesign is aneffort to minimize costs by reducing the amounts ofcostly rare metals in the catalyst. The new designwill seek to react all contaminants (NOx, HC, CO)in the same area of the converter, rather than inthree separate areas. The company is also seekingto minimize the need for air injection for NOxcontrol.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997OrganicAcidsManufacture VOC RACT Extended toOther Areas Stationary EPA Measures - 1999OrganicChemicalPlants NOx Controls onindustrial boilers and process heatersfor these sourcesStationary EPA Measures - 1999OrganicLiquidsDistribution(Non-Gasoline) VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Organicprotectivecoatingsandapplicationtechnology3VOC High performance, non-toxic, low VOC contentcoatings for Navy use are being developed,including investigation of low VOC polymertechnology to produce low VOC binder systems.Reactive monomers and diluents and low molecularweight resins have been used to develop lowviscosity binder systems for future near-zero VOCaircraft coatings. In addition, recent advances inwater-borne resin technology has allowed for thedevelopment of a high performance water-borneRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-55MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codetopcoat which goes beyond mere compliance withenvironmental regulations. Non-toxic inhibitorsystems have been developed and formulated intonon-toxic aircraft corrosion inhibiting primers.Coating corrosion resistance, physical performanceproperties and VOC contentwere evaluated in thedevelopment of the bestmaterials. The non-toxicinhibited primers have been optimized, and serviceevaluation at Navy maintenance facilities is inprogress.OTC-architecturalandindmain EACs - 2004OTC-consumerproducts EACs - 2004OTC-lowemissionspaint EACs - 2004OTCPhaseIINOxMOU Require reductions in emissions from regionalpower plants through the OTC Phase II NOx MOUStationary DC RACM - 2003OTC-portablefuelcontainers EACs - 2004OxygenEnrichmentMembrane32 NOx/VOC Membrane system usesDuPont Teflon AF fiber asthe oxygen exchange mechanism for a underhoodmodule to feed oxygen-enriched air directly to theengine chamber. The membrane separates ambientair into oxygen-rich and nitrogen-rich streams. Theoxygen rich stream is directed to the manifold toimprove combustion, whilethe nitrogen rich streamcan be fed into the exhaust as a plasma to reduceNOx emissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PahlmanProcess NOx/PM Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingPaintStrippingOperations VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Paper,Fabric,andFilmCoatingOperations VOC VOC content limits for compliant coatings +Coating applicator transfer efficiency + Emissioncapture and control system for non-compliantcoatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999PaperandOtherWebs(SurfaceCoating) VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-56MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodePapersurfacecoating VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ParkingLotTreePlantingToReduceVehicleTemperaturesAnd,Thereby,EvaporativeEmissionsNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999PartnershipforNewGenerationVehicle1 NOx/VOC Multi-agency Federal partnership with USautomakers and suppliers, and universities todevelop advanced manufacturing technologies,near-term vehicle improvements, and prototypeswith up to triple efficiency. The partnership isevaluating many of the individual technologieslisted below such as lean NOx catalysts, CIDIengine, reformulated or alternative fuels for CIDI,CIDI fuel injection, EGR in addition to improvedmanufacturing processes that would allow highertemperatures or reduced weight. Other goalsinclude reducing the vehicle weight, aerodynamics,rolling resistance, accessory energy use, andregenerative braking that increase vehicleefficiency and reduce emissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PesticideActiveIngredientProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pest/pestpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999PesticideApplication VOC Reformulation - FIP rule Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PesticideApplication VOCOzone season limits on pesticide application andprohibition of solvent-containing fumigants +emissions regulations for fumigation chambers +lowest VOC-emitting alternativeStationary EPA Measures - 1999PetroGuard VOC Petroleum, oils, and lubricants PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingPetroleumdrycleaners VOC Carbon adsorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PetroleumDryCleaning EACs - 2004PetroleumRefineries NOx Regulate refinery boilers and process heaters likeother industries + regulate fluid catalytic crackingunits by controlling CO boilers + SNCR or lowStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-57MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeNOx burners on tail gas incineratorsPetroleumRefineriesCatalyticCracking(FluidandOther)Units,CatalyticReformingUnits,andSulfurPlantUnitsVOC Controls for emissions of air toxics from storagetanks,equipment leaks, process vents, andwastewater collection and treatment systems.Provides emissions averaging across operations andacross refineries.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PetroleumRefineriesOtherSourcesNotDistinctlyListedVOC Controls for emissions of air toxics from othernonspecific refinery sources, processes, andsystems. Provides emissions averaging acrossoperations and across refineries.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Petroleumrefineryfugitives VOC Equipment andmaintenance Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Petroleumrefinerywastewatersystems VOC Covers, Floating roofs,Combustion devices orCarbon adsorptionStationary EPA Measures - 1999PetroleumSolventDryCleaners VOC Operating practices + Leak controls + Tightstorage containers + Waste stream filtration system+ Emission control devicesStationary EPA Measures - 1999PharmaceuticalsandCosmeticsManufacturingOperationsVOC Surface condensers on equipment vents + Controldevices on VOC transfer to storage operations +Control devices on drying operationsStationary EPA Measures - 1999PharmaceuticalsProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pharma/pharmpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999PhaseIIMARAMA/NESCAUMUtilityBoiler NOxStationary EPA Measures - 1999PhosphoricAcidFuelCell(PAFC)3 NOx/VOC This isthe most commercially developed type offuel cell. It is already being used in such diverseapplications as hospitals, nursing homes, hotels,office buildings, schools, utility power plants, andan airport terminal. Phosphoric acid fuel cellsgenerate electricity at more than 40% efficiency,and nearly 85% if steamthat the fuel cell producesis used for cogeneration, compared to 30% for themost efficient internal combustion engine.Operating temperatures are in the range of 400Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-58MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codedegrees F. These fuel cells also can be used inlarger vehicles, such as buses and locomotives.PhotographicChemicalProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PhotovoltaicsforMilitaryApplications This technology involves demonstrating the use ofphotovoltaic technology,reducing the amount ofpollutants from fossil-fueled electrical gensetswithin DOD, and enhancingenergy security. Thefocus will be to develop a modular, standardizedpower processing center (PPC) that will servicemultiple source photovoltaic/engine hybrid anddemand reduction applications.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PhthalatePlasticizersProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Planningforfuturegreenspaces EACs - 2004PlasmaEnhancedESP Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingPlasmaTreatmentofAutomotiveExhaust28 NOx/VOC Plasma (ionized gas)treatment of lean-burn exhaustemissions in both gasoline and diesel lean-burnengines. Current plasma systems (gas-phaseplasma discharges) appear to have low NOxconversion and/or high energy consumption. Analternative approach is being pursued to improveemission reduction and energy consumption.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Plastic,Rubber,andGlassCoatings VOC VOC content limits for compliant coatings +Coating applicator transfer efficiency + Emissioncapture and control system for non-compliantcoatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999PlasticPartsandProducts(SurfaceCoating) VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PlasticsProducts;Specific;(ABS)Resin NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PleasureCraftCoatingOperations VOC VOC content limits for applicable coatings +Solvent cleaning and storage comply with Rule1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999PlywoodandCompositeWoodProducts VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-59MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodePM10AmbientAirSampling Ambient Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingPolyesterResinOperations VOC Polyester residual monomer content limit +Process requirements to limit VOC loss + Sprayapplicator requirements + Solvent cleaningoperations comply with Rule 1171 + Emissioncontrol system for non-compliant polyestermaterialsStationary EPA Measures - 1999PolyetherPolyolsProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/polyol/polyolpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999PolyethyleneTerephtalateProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr4/pr4pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Polymericcoatingofsupportingsubstratesfacilities VOC Carbon adsorption or Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Polyolresins,crosslinkersandreactivediluents14 VOC Recent developments with polyol resins,crosslinkers and reactive diluents will enable thefuture formulation of higher-solids, ultralow-VOCcoatings and, ultimately, of solventless liquidcoatings. In spite of the increasing popularity ofwaterborne and powder coatings, many companiessee a future for higher-solids coatings and areinvesting in new technology, particularly forindustrial (original equipment manufacturer) andspecial-purpose applications.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PolystyreneProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr4/pr4pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Polyurethanereactive(PUR)technology3 VOC New, accelerated-cure versions of hot-meltadhesives technology for recreational vehicle andbuilding components customers has beendeveloped. Also applicable to the profile wrappingsegment of the woodworking industry, which canuse the adhesives to make window and doorcomponents that withstand hot and coldtemperatures, rain and snow. Users can increaseprocess speeds, while at the same time produceRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-60MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codestronger products in a solvent-free environment.pooling;flexschedules;alternatefuel EACs - 2004Port/harborelectrification NOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005PortablefuelcontainerbuybackpromotionsNOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005PortableToxicChemicalDetector Fugitive emissioncontrols Stationary NEET Database - ongoingPowder-basedprimers20 VOC GM is working on a prototype powder primer to tryon one of its vehicle lines; such a primer wouldcontain no VOCs. New chemistry research is beingconducted on both epoxy and polyester powderprimers.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PP3-FFuelOilTreatment, Fuels and fuel additives PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingPP-CCylinderoiladditive Petroleum, oils, and lubricants PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingPreconditioningofdieselengines NOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Prepolymersandultralowviscosityreactivediluentstechnologies10VOC Two technologies have been developed to helpsolve formulation problemswith decreased levelsof VOCs in two-part, solventborne polyurethanecoatings. One technology is a process to makenarrow-molecular-weight-distribution, isocyanateterminated polyurethaneprepolymers. The othertechnology is the creation of ultralow-viscosityoxazolidine and aldimine/oxazolidine reactivediluents. Use of these materials achieves low-VOCformulations, controlled reactivity of low-VOCsystems and enhanced coating performance, as wellas formulation flexibility and ease of use.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997PrimaryCopperSmelters;ReverbSmeltingFurnace NOx Low NOx Burners+ Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Printing,Coating,andDyeingOfFabrics VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Printing/Publishing(SurfaceCoating) VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/print/printpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-61MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodePrinting-Letterpress VOC Carbon Adsorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Printing-Lithographic VOC New CTG to Other Areas Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters NOx Limits of 0.036 lb/mmBtu for gas and 0.05lb/mmBtu for other liquid fuels+ limits same asmid-sized industrial boilersfor gas, distillate oiland residual oil-fired unitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Processheaters(revised) NOx NG - ULNB0.05 lb/mm Btu / Oil - ULNB 0.14lb/mm BtuStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Ultra Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOxSelective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Ultra Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners + SelectiveCatalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Selective Non-CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-LPG NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Ultra Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-62MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Ultra Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-OtherFuel NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ProcessGas NOx Ultra Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Non-CatalyticReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Ultra Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-63MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners + Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProcessHeaters-ResidualOil NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ProheatGen4 Mobile NEET Database - ongoingPropane/ButaneFuelBlends19 NOx/VOC Emissionstesting on multiple light-duty vehiclesusing propane/butane blends, which may be costeffective low-emission alternative fuels for light-,medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. It is expectedthat the proposed project will result in emissionbenefits and help AQMD, ARB, the petroleumindustry, and automobilemanufacturers identify apotentially clean, cost-effective alternative fuelwith capability for wide-scale application to alltypes of internal combustion engines. Generate dataon emissions, lubricant compatibility, combustionchamber and intake valve deposits, componentdurability, and catalyst durability. Operate andevaluate three or more new vehicles for a minimumof 50,000 miles using selected butane/propaneblends. Conduct periodic emission tests duringmileage accumulation to determine the effects ofoperation on regulated emissions, speciatedhydrocarbons, and the specific reactivity (ozoneforming potential) of exhaust emissions. At testcompletion dismantle engines and quantify and ratedeposits.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Protectnaturalareas;minimizeuseof EACs - 2004ProteinExchangeMembraneFuelCell(PEMFC)9 NOx/VOC These cells operate at relatively low temperatures(about 200 F), have high power density, can verytheir output quickly tomeet shifts in powerdemand, and are suited for applications, such as inautomobiles, where quick startup is required.According to the U.S. DOE, "they are the primarycandidates for light-duty vehicles, for buildings,Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-64MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeand potentially for much smaller applications suchas replacements for rechargeable batteries in videocameras." Fueling stations are a large obstacle inintroducing hydrogen powered vehicles to thepublic on a large scale. From the best calculationsavailable, fueling stations are cost effective, andthey are starting to be built across the country. Afueling station will cost $4.5 million to build, butwill produce as well as dispense the fuel.Hydrogen fuel costs 3.8 cents per mile, while gascosts 4.5 cents per mile. 11 pounds of hydrogenwould provide a 400 mile driving range for a midsized car. The tank for this fuel is 3 times the sizeof a gas tank, and fueling would take about tenminutes.ProtonExchangeMembraneFuelCells(PEMFC)5 NOx/VOC These cells operate at relatively low temperatures(about 200 degrees F), have high power density,can vary their output quickly to meet shifts inpower demand, and are suited for applications, suchas automobiles, where quickstartup is required.According to DOE, "they are the primarycandidates for light-duty vehicles, for buildings,and potentially for much smaller applications suchas replacements for rechargeable batteries in videocameras."Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Providefreepublictransit NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Providefreepublictransitduringepisodes NOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Providefreereplacementgascapstolightandmedium-dutyvehicleownersNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ProvideincentivesformicroturbineenginesinsmallpowergenerationapplicationsVOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ProvideTruckstopElectrificationForInTruckServicesNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-65MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodePublicawarenessprogram EACs - 2004PublicEducationonNOxandROGsourcesinSchoolsandSmallBusinessesNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003PubliclyOwnedTreatmentWorksVOC Source reduction approaches requiring industrialpretreatment controlling VOCs where they are mostconcentratedStationary EPA Measures - 1999PubliclyOwnedTreatmentWorks(POTW)EmissionsVOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/potw/potwpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999PulpandPaper VOC Maximum Achievable Control Technologystandards for the integratedpulp and paper industryStationary EPA Measures - 1999PulpandPaperProduction VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Purchase15CNGvehicles EACs - 2004Purchase1hybridelectricbus EACs - 2004Purchase2alternativefuelvehicles EACs - 2004PVManufac-turing(PVMat) NOx/VOC One of the primary hindrances to PV marketacceptance is the difficulty in taking laboratoryresults and replicating them under real worldconditions. A public-private partnership, fundedfor 5 years at $118 million, sought to address thisproblem by improving PV manufacturingprocesses, module development, and balance ofsystem (BOS) components.For example, BOScomponents account for 50% of the system cost but99% of repair issues. The goal was to increase PVmodule supply [currently demand outstrips supply(as of May, firms are taking no further orders for1997)] and ensure that the U.S. production remainsinternationally competitive.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997QC-TILDAS Other StationaryNEET Database - ongoingQuaternaryAmmoniumCompoundsProduction VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999RACTatmajorsources EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-66MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeRayonProduction VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999RCL®CatalyticCombustionCombustion PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingReasonablyAvailableControlTechnology(RACT)for25tpyVOCsourcesVOC MA Strategies - 2004ReciprocatingInternalCombustionEngines NOx Limits for rich-burn gas-fired engines between 0.4-0.8 g/bhp-hr, for lean-burn engines as low as 0.5-0.6 g/bhp-hr and for diesel engines at 0.5-1.1 g/bhphr.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ReciprocatingInternalCombustionEngines VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Reducedenginetaxi,aircrafttowing,congestionreductionNOx M15 Airports Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Reducedidlingscenario NOx AirportsRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Reducelocomotiveidling EACs - 2004ReduceParkingFeesatFacilitiesOutsidetheBeltwayAdjacenttoMetroReduce parking fees atMetro parking facilities orcounty/city managed facilities outside of theBeltway that are located near Metro stations.Mobile DC RACM - 2003ReducethenumberofpublicparkingspacesintheCityofSacramentoby25%NOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ReductionsonNOxRACTfornon-NOxBudgetunits NOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005RefineryFlares NOx Adoption of a Flare Monitoring and RecordingPlanStationary EPA Measures - 1999ReformulatedGasoline NOx/VOC Opt into the federal reformulated gasoline programMobile EPA Measures - 1999ReformulatedGasoline CT RACM - 2001ReformulatedGasoline-PhaseI3 VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005Reformulationsofaerosolproducts(suchasspraypaint,rustproofing,andWD-40)VOC MA Strategies - 2004RegenerativeThermalOxidizer Emission capturesystems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingRegulatesmallICengines EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-67MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeRegulationofadditionalprintingoperations NOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005RemovalofexemptiononcutbackasphaltuseNOx/VOC Area CT Memo - 2005RenewablePortfolioStandards(DPUC)--C.G.S.section16-245aNOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005Replace/retrofitconstructionequip EACs - 2004Repowerheavydutydieselvehicleswithnewer,loweremittingenginesNOx On-Road SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Repoweroldunitswith2004standardcertifiedengines NOx/VOC M6 On-roadheavy dutydieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Repowerwithnaturalgasengines NOx M5 On-roadheavy dutydieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997RequireasurchargetobepaidbydriversduringthesummerseasonbasedonthenumberofdrivingmilesNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003RequirecaptureefficiencytestingatallmajorsourcesofVOC,andmorestringentreportingrequirements,includingon-lineCEMs.VOC MA Strategies - 2004Requirelow-NOxfuelforagriculturalequipmentRequire agricultural equipment to use low-NOxfuel during ozone seasonNon-road DC RACM - 2003RequireOnBoardDiagnosticsonNewDieselandGasolineTrucksandBusesNOx Mobile SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Requirepassengervehiclesnotmeetingthestandardsofpassengercarstopayanannualfeeand/orafeeuponpurchaseNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003RequireSNCRatallmajorNOxsources(50tpy+)NOx MA Strategies - 2004RequirethatCongestionMitigationAirQuality(CMAQ)fundsbeusedonlyforprojectsthatsignificantlyimproveairqualityNOx SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-68MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeRescindRestrictedEmissionStatuspermitsandrequireemissionrateswithRACTorBARCTVOC MA Strategies - 2004ResidentialFuelCells7 NOx/VOC Fuel cell that is smallenough to fit into a closet andcapable of generating 2-10 kW of power.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ResidentialLNBwaterheater EACs - 2004ResidentialSpaceandWaterHeaters NOx Set limit on new sources of 0.09 lbs//mmBtu ofheat output + incentives toreplace older space andwater heatersStationary EPA Measures - 1999Restrictionsonoutdoorwoodburningfurnaces NOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005RestrictionsonwoodstovesnotsubjecttoNSPS;noburndaysNOx/VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005Restrictorbancertainoff-roadengineuse--e.g.,target2-strokeenginesunder5horsepower(limitsorbansonlawnmowers,jetskis,ORVs,chainsaws,weedwackers,andleafblowers)VOC MA Strategies - 2004RetrofitenginesforNOx: NOx M9 Non-roaddieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997RetrofitenginesforNOx:waterinjection/emulsion NOx M9 Non-roaddieselRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ReviseallexistingAirPermitsfor25tpyorhigherVOCsourcestorequirestrictermonitoring,recordkeepingandcontrollevels(wouldhitthelargestdozenorsoemitterse.g.,Rexam,Globe)VOC MA Strategies - 2004RocketTestingFacilities VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999RotaryRegenerativeOxidizerwithElectricDriveandFulFlowOn-LineBake-outEmission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingRotaryValveRTO(RL) Process vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingRTIDryRegenerableAlkaliCarbonateProcess Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingRubberandplasticsmanufacturing VOC SCAQMD o low VOC Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-69MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeRubberTireManufacturing VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Rubbertiremanufacturingindustry VOC VOC capture systems+ Control devices Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SafeYellowIC8 VOC A product has been developed for enhancingpowder coatings by increasing the flow of theresins, eliminating orangepeel and allowing thereplacement of more expensive organic pigment ona one for one basis. The manufacturers of thisproduct say it is an improved coating with lowercosts.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Sand/Gravel;Dryer NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Schoolbusengineretrofit EACs - 2004Schoolbusretrofits,newlowemissionschoolbusesanduseofultralowsulfurdieselfuelNOx/VOC Mobile CT Memo - 2005ScreenPrintingOperations VOC VOC content of screen printing materials +Solvent cleaning and storage and disposal of VOCcontaining materials comply with Rule 1171Stationary EPA Measures - 1999season-EACareas EACs - 2004SecondaryAluminumProduction;SmeltingFurnaces/ReverbNOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Selectivecatalyticreduction(SCR) NOx M11 DiesellocomotivesRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997SemiconductorManufacturing VOC Solventcleaning station requirements + Emissioncontrol system on photoresist operations +C contentlimits for cleanup solventsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SemiconductorManufacturing VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999ServiceStations-StageI VOC Vapor Balance Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Setloweremissionsstandardsfornewhandheldandnon-handheldlawnandgardenequipment/State/FederalNOx Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Setloweremissionstandardsfornewoff-roadspark- NOxOffroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-70MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeignitedengines(<25hp)SetmorestringentemissionstandardsfornewmarinevesselsandpursueapproachestoreducelandbasedportemissionsVOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003SetNewConsumerProductsLimitsfor2006 VOCArea SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003SetNewConsumerProductsLimitsfor2008–2010 VOCArea SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003SetuserestrictionsforeachonroadvehicletypeduringepisodesNOx Landuse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003SetVOC/ROG/NOxstandardfordieselfueledrefrigerationunitsontrucksNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ShellGlobalSolutionsThirdStageSeparator(TSS) Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingShiftelectricloadprofile EACs - 2004ShipbuildingandShipRepair VOC Enhanced application techniques achieving aminimum 65-percent transfer efficiency +California's general limit of 340 grams per liter formarine coatings.Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ShipbuildingandShipRepair(SurfaceCoating) VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/shipb/shipbpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999SidelSRUfluegascondensers Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingSmallCompressionIgnitionDirectInjection(CIDI)DieselEngines5VOC Research is being conducted into lightweightengine materials, alternative fuels, and catalyticconverters in an effort toapply the advantages ofCIDI engines (high thermal efficiency, operatingflexibility, low start-up emissions) to passengercars, while controlling negative characteristics(heavy engine components and production of suboptimal levels of NOx and particulate emissions).Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997SmallIndustrial,Institutional,andCommercialBoilers,SteamGenerators,andProcessHeatersNOx NOx emission limit, methods to meet the limit isnot specifiedStationary EPA Measures - 1999SmallSourceBACT Stationary CT Memo - 2005Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-71MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeSmokingvehicleban EACs - 2004SOCMIbatchprocesses VOC Vapor collection system+ incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SOCMIbatchreactorprocesses VOC New CTG Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SOCMI-Distillation VOC New CTG level control Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SOCMIfugitives VOC Equipment and maintenance Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SOCMI-ReactorProcesses VOC New CTG level control Stationary EPA Measures - 1999sodiumbicarbonateinjection Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingSolae-switchtoalternativefuel EACs - 2004SolidOxideFuelCell(SOFC)2 NOx/VOC The solid oxide fuel cell generates powerelectrochemically, avoiding the air pollutants andefficiency losses associated with combustionprocesses. Fuels cells operate continuosly,generating power as long as natural gas, coalderived gas, or other hydrocarbon fuels aresupplied. The solid electrolyte allows for thesimplest of fuel cell plant designs, and requires noexternal fuel reforming.Capable of using eithernatural gas or cleaned coal gas, it emits no sulfurpollutants and as much as 60 to 65 percent lesscarbon dioxide than a conventional coal-burningplant.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997SolidWasteDisposal;Government;OtherIncinerator;SludgeNOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations VOC Compliant solvent requirement by cleaningapplication + Cleaningdevices and methodsrequirement + Storage anddisposal requirements +Emission control system for non-compliant solventsand cleaning proceduresStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations–Cleaningofcoatings/adhesivesapplicationequipmentVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-72MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeSolventCleaningOperations–CleaningofinkapplicationequipmentVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations–CleaningofpolyesterresinapplicationequipmentVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations–Repair&maintenancecleaningVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations–Surfacecleaningformfg,&surfaceprepforcoating,adhesive,orinkapplicationVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventCleaningOperations–UltravioletinkremovalfromgraphicartsVOC VOC-content specifications for solvents based onvapor pressure or emission capture and controlsystemsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SolventDegreasers VOC Operating practice requirements + VOC contentlimits of solvents + Clean Air Solvent CertificatesStationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-DistillateOil NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Selective CatalyticReduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpaceHeaters-NaturalGas NOx Oxygen Trim + Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SpandexProduction VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999Stage1vaporrecovery EACs - 2004Stage1vaporrecovery EACs - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-73MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeStage1VaporRecovery>25,000 EACs - 2004Stage1vaporrecovery-EACareas EACs - 2004StageIIVaporRecovery VOC Rules toachieve a 95-percent level of controlefficiency + require California certification ofequipment + limit exemptions to facilities withthroughputs below 10,000 gallons per month +semi-annual inspections.+ Stage II program inModerate nonattainment areasStationary EPA Measures - 1999StageIIVaporRecovery CT RACM - 2001StageIIVaporRecovery:Pressure-VentValves VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005StageI-truckunloading VOC Vapor balance Stationary EPA Measures - 1999StageI-truckunloading VOC Vapor balance + PNvalves Stationary EPA Measures - 1999StageIVaporRecovery EACs - 2004StageIVaporRecoveryatGasolineServiceStations VOC Stationary CT Memo - 2005Stakeholderdevelopment EACs - 2004StarchManufacturing;CombinedOperations NOx Low NOx Burners+ Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999State&LocalFleetReplacementReplace publicsector gasoline-fueled automobilefleet with hybrid vehicles (i.e. Toyota Prius)Mobile DC RACM - 2003StationaryGasTurbines NOx Continuousin-stack NOx and oxygen monitoringsystem + Selective Catalytic ReductionStationary EPA Measures - 1999StationaryInternalCombustionEngines NOx NOx emission limit Stationary EPA Measures - 1999StationCarsToPromoteUserFriendlinessOfMassTransportationNOx/VOC Voluntary measuresMobile EPA Measures - 1999SteelFoundries VOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SteelFoundries;HeatTreatingFurnaces NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SteelProduction;SoakingPits NOx Low NOx Burners + FlueGas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999StorageTankDegassing VOC Degassing procedures required + Control device tocapture VOCs displaced from tanksStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-74MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeStorageVesselsforPetroleumLiquids VOC Floating roofs Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Strictercontrolsonillegalburning EACs - 2004Styrene-AcrylonitrileProduction VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/pr4/pr4pg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999SubsidizePurchaseofBikeAccessories NOxLanduse SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003SulfatePulping-RecoveryFurnaces NOx Low NOx Burners + Flue Gas Recirculation Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SulfatePulping-RecoveryFurnaces NOx Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SulfatePulping-RecoveryFurnaces NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SulfatePulping-RecoveryFurnaces NOx Oxygen Trim +Water Injection Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SulfatePulping-RecoveryFurnaces NOx Low NOxBurners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SupercriticalCO2asapaintsolvent30 VOC Supercritical CO2 is being investigated as areplacement for traditional paint solvents,eliminating VOC emissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997SuperplasticAdvancedManifolds3 VOC Double-wall +manifold offersthe potential forsubstantial reductions incold-start emissions byallowing the inner tube to heat quickly, resulting ina quicker "light-off" ofthe catalytic converter,thereby reducing hydrocarbon emissions.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Supportcetanedieselfueladditive EACs - 2004Surfacecoatingofmetalfurniture VOC Low solventcoatings Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SurfaceCoatingofPlasticParts VOC HVLP spray or other techniques achieving aminimum transfer efficiency of 65 percent + VOCcontent limitsStationary EPA Measures - 1999SurfaceCoatingOperation;CoatingOvenHeater;NaturalGasNOx Low NOx Burners Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Switchvehiclestobio-dieselEACs - 2004Syntheticfibermanufacture VOC Carbon Adsorber Stationary EPA Measures - 1999SyntheticFiberProduction VOC Solventrecovery systems including carbonadsorptionStationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-75MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeSyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturing VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hon/honpg.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999SyntheticOrganicChemicalManufacturingIndustry(SOCMI)ReactorandDistillationProcessesVOC 98-percent reduction in emissions from SOCMIsources + exemptions based on EPA's CTG with amore stringent total resource effectiveness (TRE)cutoff for exemptionsStationary EPA Measures - 1999TD-4100On-LineHydrocarbonMonitor EmissionsMonitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingTerephthalicAcidManufacture VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Testo350 Emissions Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingTextileFinishing VOC Add-on controls of 95 percent or better controlefficiency + capture efficiency based on bestengineering practices + possible exemption of lowsolvent inksStationary EPA Measures - 1999thecaptureandcontrolofVOCemissionsfromlivestockwasteVOC Stationary SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003TheExpertFurnaceSystemOptimizationProcess(EFSOP)forEAFsCombustion PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingThegraphicartsindustry;PublicationrotogravureprintingVOC Carbon adsorption Stationary EPA Measures - 1999ThermalOxidizers Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingThermalOxidizerwithEnergyRecovery Process vent gas treatment Stationary NEET Database - ongoingThermoPV(TPV) NOx/VOC Using superconducting materials to turn solarenergy into heat to creates steam to then generateelectricity.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Thin-layercrystallinesilicon NOx/VOC A solar film on which research effort is focusedbecause it is likely to blend the production ease ofother film technologies with the efficiency ofsilicon crystals.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Tightenstandardsforbulkterminalgasolinestorageandtransferin7.24(2)--VOC MA Strategies - 2004Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-76MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codesuchthatthevaporrecoveryunitsarerequiredtooperateatloweremissionrates.Tighteremissionstandardsforpleasurecraft/State/FederalVOC Offroad SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003TORBEDTM-ProcessReactorTechnologies OtherStationary NEET Database - ongoingTrafficmarkings VOC South Coast PhaseIII Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Trafficmarkings VOC South Coast Phase I Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Trafficmarkings VOC South Coast PhaseII Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Trafficmarkings VOC AIM Coating FederalRule Stationary EPA Measures - 1999TransitPrioritization--QueueJumps Provide queue jumps for buses at over-capacitysignalized intersections throughout the region.Queue jumps allow buses to use a shoulder or otherdesignated lane to bypassintersection queues andmove forward towards the stop line.Mobile DC RACM - 2003Transitprograms EACs - 2004TransportRefrigerationUnits(TRUs) PM2.5 Mobile CT Memo - 2005TreatmentStorageandDisposalFacilities VOC Expedited process for upgrading permits + airpollution control regulations for TSDFs modeledafter EPA's hazardous waste rulesStationary EPA Measures - 1999Treeplantingprogram EACs - 2004Truckstopelectrification PM2.5Mobile CT Memo - 2005TruckstopelectrificationEACs - 2004TSDFs VOC Phase I & II rules Stationary EPA Measures - 1999UltraFiltration24 VOC DecorativeCoatings' technology center atMontataire, France is developing new technologiesto improve waterborne paint waste reuse, therebyreducing new paint production and associatedemissions. One of its initiatives is wastewatertreatment by Ultra Filtration (UF). This is a majorproject, because up to 12 European sites may beRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-77MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeinvolved. UF is a nonchemical membraneseparation process, which separates the effluent intotwo streams: permeate (the treated water) andconcentrate (UF sludge). The pollution level of thepermeate is equivalent to that obtained afterconventional treatment, but itis completely free ofpaint solids, which are held in the concentrate. Sofar, UF has proved to bean efficient solution fortreating effluent from waterborne paint production.Industrial application of UFis economical providedthat the concentrate is reused in making paint.UndergroundStorageTankVents VOC Pressure-vacuum valves on open vent pipes ofstorage tanks equipped with Stage I vapor recoveryStationary EPA Measures - 1999Updatedevelopmentregulations EACs - 2004UpgradeVOCRACT NOx/VOCStationary CT Memo - 2005UreaResins-General VOC RACT Extended to Other Areas Stationary EPA Measures - 1999usage;restrictvehicleidletimes EACs - 2004Uselandfillgas;supportNCGreenPower EACs - 2004UseremotesensorsandlicenseplatephotostoidentifysmokingvehiclesNOx On-RoadMobileSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003UtilityBoilers NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction Stationary EPA Measures - 1999UtilityBoilers NOx T-fired and wall-fired coal units emissions of 0.15lb/mmBtu or below + oil and gas units emissions of0.05 lb/mmBtu + emission rates based on energyoutputStationary EPA Measures - 1999Utilityboilers NOx Gas / oil - SCR 0.08 lb/mmBtu Stationary EPA Measures - 1999UtilityBoilers NOx Natural Gas- 0.2lb/mmBtu; Liquid Fossil Fuel -0.3 lb/mmBtu; Subituminous Coal - 0.5 lb/mmBtu;Lignite- 0.8 lb/mmBtu; Bituminous Coal- 0.6lb/mmBtuStationary EPA Measures - 1999UV/ozoneoxidationtechnique23 VOC Technology development and demonstration Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-78MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codeactivity targeted for Department of Defensepainting operations to validate therecirculation/partitioning concept used with a novelUV/ozone oxidation technique to eliminate HAPand VOC discharges from paint spray booths andother booth designs. Preliminary results suggestthat booth discharge flow reductions of up to 75%can be achieved.VacuumInsulatedCatalyticConverter29 NOx/VOC Using a form of vacuuminsulation and phasechange heat storage technology, the converterremains at operating temperatures for more than 24hours after the engine has been turned off.Potential exists to reduce automotive emissions toultra-low emission vehicle(ULEV) levels, or evento equivalent zero emission vehicle (EZEV)standards in some cases.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997VariousMiscellaneousPolymerChemicalsProductionVOC Pending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999VegetableOilProduction VOC PendingStationary EPA Measures - 1999VehicleI/Mprogram EACs - 2004Vehicleinspectionincludingdiesel EACs - 2004VinylChlorideEmissions VOC Emission control system with continuous stackmonitorStationary EPA Measures - 1999VOCemissionlimitsformarinecoatings VOCStationary/AreaSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003VOCemissionlmitsforCommercialCookingsuchascharbroilersanddeepfatfryersVOC Area SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003VOCemissionsformthepolymermanufacturingindustryVOC Incineration of emissions in boiler orflare Stationary EPA Measures - 1999VOClimitsforMetalPartsandProductsinDistrictswhererulesarenotadoptedVOCStationary/AreSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-79MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeaVOClimitsforunregulatedcoatings VOCStationary/AreaSAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003VOCRACTpursuanttosections182(a)(2)(A)and182(b)(2)(B)ofCleanAirActCT RACM - 2001VolatileOrganicLiquidsStorage VOC Volatileorganic liquid storage CTG + enhancedtest methods, monitoring specifications andequipment specificationsbased on HON rule +lower vapor pressure limits for exemptions incurrent rulesStationary EPA Measures - 1999Volatileorganicliquidstorage VOC Floating roof tops for tanks Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Volatileorganicliquidstorage VOC Floatingroofs Stationary EPA Measures - 1999VoluntaryMobileEmissionsReductionProgram(VMEP)TX SIP - 2000-2004W15-590DieselFuelAdditive Fund trialof the fuel additive W15-590 to reduceNOX emissions. The additive can be mixed withthe fuel before or after delivery from thedistribution center.Mobile DC RACM - 2003WasteBurning--AgriculturalorOpenBurning(defined:p804ofCAFIP)VOC Agricultural and open burning are prohibited on a“no-burn day” which is a day declared by EPA,CARB, or local air district if an ozone exceedance(0.09 ppm) is predictedStationary EPA Measures - 1999Water-based,solvent-freeandultrahighsolidscoatings12VOC Water-based, solvent free and ultrahigh-solidscoatings are being considered for development forthe metal office furniture industry.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Water-basedaerosoladhesive11 VOC Based onnew technology, a water-based low VOCspray adhesive has been developed that offersbonding strength and heat resistance comparable tomany typical solvent-based aerosol products. Thisadhesive can be used tobonds a range of substrates,including paper, fabrics, plastics, wood, andRegulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-80MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource Codealuminum.Water-basedcoatings13 VOC Morton's Water-Based Polymers TechnologyGroup is involved in developing new andimproving on existing Morton waterborne productssuch as: a new water-based, lead-free highwaypaint; a zero-VOC, waterborne color dispersionpaint component; and water-based automotiveplastic coatings.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Water-basedsoldermasks26 VOC Probimer7 water-based solder masks can help cutdown on the use of solvents; these water-basedcoatings are used on printed wiring boards in thecomputer industry. In addition, the division'spowder coating systems are applied to buildingsand cars using electrostatic charge - avoiding theneed for a solvent.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Waterborneclearcoats19 VOC Water-based clearcoats are underinvestigation atFord.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997Waterborneprimers18 VOC Waterborne primers will be studied at three Fordtruck plants and a BMW plant.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997WebOffsetLithography VOC New CTGStationary EPA Measures - 1999WetESP Emission capture systems Stationary NEET Database - ongoingWMATABusInformationDisplayswithMaps Install additional informationboxes with maps andschedule information. Would include schedules inlanguages other than English in neighborhoodswhere most residents speak another languageMobile DC RACM - 2003WoodFlatStockCoatingOperations VOC VOCcontent limits for coatings, inks, andadhesives + Applicatorrequirements + Emissioncollection and control system for non-compliantcoatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999WoodFurniture(SurfaceCoating) VOC See Website -http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/wood/riwood.htmlStationary EPA Measures - 1999WoodFurnitureCoating VOC Incineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Draft TSD for 2006 OTC Control Measure Evaluation February 14, 2007Appendix B – Initial List of Control Measures Page B-81MeasurePollutantDescriptionSourceSource CodeWoodFurnitureCoating VOC Negotiated regulatory rules Stationary EPA Measures - 1999WoodFurnitureProducts(SurfaceCoating) VOCPending Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodfurnituresurfacecoating VOC New CTG Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodfurnituresurfacecoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodfurnituresurfacecoating VOC Add-On Controls Stationary EPA Measures - 1999WoodProductsCoatings VOC VOC contentlimits of coatings and strippers +Coating applicator transfer efficiency + Approvedemission control system for non-compliant coatingsStationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodproductsurfacecoating VOC MACTStationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodproductsurfacecoating VOC SCAQMD Rule1104 Stationary EPA Measures - 1999Woodproductsurfacecoating VOCIncineration Stationary EPA Measures - 1999WorkwithSEQLproject EACs - 2004XactMulti-MetalsCEM Emissions Monitoring Monitoring NEET Database - ongoingXononCoolCombustion® Combustion PollutionPreventionNEET Database - ongoingZeroI/MwaiversandexemptionsEliminate all waivers and exemptions in the I/MprogramMobile DC RACM - 2003Zero-VOCIndustrialMaintenanceMetalCoating31 VOC Thiszero-VOC coating technology is intended foruse as a topcoat on metal furniture. The resinformulation for the coating will be adjusted toprovide acceptable drying times, flexibility andhardness, and ultraviolet, chemical and salt sprayresistance.Regulatory Impact Analysis - 1997ZEVbusdemonstrationandpurchase NOx TCM SAQMD Clean Air Plan - 2003ZEVprogram Adopt California ZEVprogram Mobile DC RACM - 2003Zoningordinance-landscapebuffers EACs - 2004