Agricultural Refrigerated 

Truck Quarterly

Contents: 

Regulatory News 

and Updates

Feature Article

National Summary

• Truck Rates

• Truck Availability

Regional Markets

• Shipments

• U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices

• California

Quarterly Overview

Contact Information

Terms and References

A quarterly publication of the Agricultural Marketing Service

www.ams.usda.gov/RTQ

1st Quarter, 2018

January—March

• Pacific Northwest

• Mexico

• Arizona

• Florida

Feature Article 

2017 Overview of Intermodal and Rail Shipments 

from California and the Pacific Northwest 

In 2017, investments in refrigerated facilities and technology have increased the long

-haul capacity for shipping fresh fruits and vegetables by intermodal and rail. Furthermore, increasing fuel costs and a driver shortage for trucks may further increase 

demand for shipping fresh produce by intermodal and rail. This article provides an

overview of the short term and long term trends impacting refrigerated shipments of 

fresh fruit and vegetables by intermodal and rail, including industry and regional 

highlights.

Developments in Refrigerated Service for Intermodal and Rail 

Since 2012, the overall trend for intermodal and rail shipments of fresh fruit and vegetables has been decreasing for shipments originating in California and the Pacific

Northwest (PNW),1 with a 42 percent decrease between 2012 and 2017 (Figure 1). 

Combined rail and intermodal shipments decreased from 1,602,445 tons in 2012 to 

937,265 tons in 2017. Between 2016 and 2017, rail shipments decreased 22,055 tons 

and intermodal shipments decreased 3,230 tons. 

The demise of Cold Train–a major provider of refrigerated railcar service through its 

partnership with BNSF Railway–in 2014 decreased the availability of intermodal and 

rail service for fresh produce, but recent developments may reverse the trend. In 

January 2017, Union Pacific (UP) announced it had acquired Railex LLC's refrigerated 

railcar and cold storage distribution facilities in Delano, CA; Wallula, WA; and Rotterdam, NY. Railex had been a refrigerated railcar service and third-party logistics company partnered with UP which connects to CSX for through-service to Rotterdam. UP 

announced the purchase would offer its customers increased access to additional 

cold-chain capacity and service. In October 2017, UP announced it would increase the 

frequency from 3 to 5 days per week for Cold Connect on east-bound departures 

from California and Washington. 

1 Together, California and the Pacific Northwest accounted for about 91 percent of originations for refrigerated produce shipments by intermodal and rail in 2017. 
Page 2 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Figure 1.California and PNW Intermodal and Rail Shipments: 2010-17 (Tons)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Furthermore, recent trends in rising diesel prices and truck rates may make refrigerated shipments by intermodal and rail 

more competitive relative to truck. Diesel prices rose from $2.47 per gallon at the end of 2016 to $2.87 per gallon by the 

end of 2017. According to Tiger Cool Express, rising diesel prices make trucks a less competitive option to intermodal and 

rail. This is because diesel fuel makes up a higher percentage of the variable costs associated with truck movements. 

Thus, changes in diesel prices have a larger impact on truck pricing than rail pricing. Diesel fuel averaged close to $4.00 

per gallon in 2012, during the peak year for shipments by intermodal and rail, but shipments by intermodal and rail decreased in the following years as did diesel prices. However, increasing diesel prices could reverse this trend. In addition,

strong economic growth in 2017 increased demand for shipments by truck, putting upward pressure on truck rates while 

decreasing capacity. Truck availability at most shipping points ranged from adequate to a full shortage throughout 2017, 

indicating tight truck capacity and potentially causing some shippers to consider seeking capacity for shipments of fresh 

produce via intermodal or rail.2

Regional Highlights 

California

In 2017, reported intermodal shipments of two types of lettuce—iceberg and romaine—increased from the previous 

year. Reported shipments increased 24 percent (10,125 tons) for iceberg lettuce and 28 percent (7,280) for romaine 

lettuce. Conversely, reported shipments of lemons decreased 50 percent (112,230 tons), possibly due to a lighter lemon 

crop in 2017.3

2 4th Quarter 2017 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly, “Refrigerated Truck Rates Reach Historic Highs.”
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 3

Commodity

Rail Intermodal

Volume Change Volume Change

2016 2017 Tons Percentage 2016 2017 Tons Percentage

Apples 275 (275) -100% 745 400 (345) -46%

Artichokes - - 175 25 (150) -86%

Avocados 275 (275) -100% 6,115 905 (5,210) -85%

Broccoli 7,390 4,210 (3,180) -43% 10,945 12,085 1,140 10%

Cantaloupes 16,345 8,450 (7,895) -48% 8,325 7,260 (1,065) -13%

Carrots 43,065 54,770 11,705 27% 8,620 13,210 4,590 53%

Cauliflower - - 3,440 5,720 2,280 66%

Celery 16,760 17,190 430 3% 28,085 35,385 7,300 26%

Grapefruit 160 240 80 50% 1,500 1,265 (235) -16%

Grapes 475 1,470 995 209% 15,665 15,940 275 2%

Grapes-Mixed Juice - - 335 540 205 61%

Honeydews 2,680 4,215 1,535 57% 3,205 3,160 (45) -1%

Lemons 1,335 70 (465) -35% 25,820 12,115 (13,70

5) -53%

Lettuce, Iceberg 75 75 - 42,355 52,480 10,125 24%

Lettuce, Processed - - 25 25 -

Lettuce, Romaine - - 25,720 33,000 7,280 28%

Lettuce-Other - - 1,945 2,225 280 14%

Mixed And Misc Melons

- - 125 (125) -100%

Nectarines 2,270 2,270 - 2,290 2,825 535 23%

Onions Dry 11,570 15,045 3,475 30% 15,115 7,940 (7,175) -47%

Oranges 66,785 53,300 (13,48

5) -20% 43,970 38,370 (5,600) -13%

Peaches 3,665 5,385 1,720 47% 3,150 2,300 (850) -27%

Pears 55 10,255 10,200 18545% 895 1,140 245 27%

Peppers, Bell Type - - 1,510 4,780 3,270 217%

Persimmons 240 (240) -100% 30 (30) -100%

Plums 1,695 3,235 1,540 91% 800 640 (160) -20%

Pomegranates 165 (165) -100% 40 40 -

Potatoes 24,190 14,200 (9,990) -41% 735 2,405 1,670 227%

Sweet Potatoes 300 500 200 67% 4,440 4,080 (360) -8%

Tomatoes - - 1,745 3,020 1,275 73%

Watermelons - - 20 20 -

Watermelons, Seedless 55 55 - 1,060 1,260 200 19%

Total 197,425 195,735 (1,690) -1% 258,860 264,560 5,700 2%

Table 1 Intermodal and Rail Shipments Originated in California during 2016 and 2017 (short tons)

Source: Annual Specialty Crops Shipments. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments by Commodities, 

States and Months. FVAS-4. Calendar Year 2017 and 2016. Table 3. Agricultural Marketing Service, 

Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division
Page 4 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

In 2017, reported rail shipments of pears increased 18,545 percent (10,200 tons). USDA reported although overall 

pear production in the U.S is declining, production in California increased 9-10 percent due to favorable weather 

and a good bloom set.4 Reported shipments decreased 20 percent (13,480 tons) for oranges due to the overall decline in annual citrus production and, specifically, the drought-stressed trees from the previous season in California. 

Pacific Northwest5

In 2017, reported intermodal shipments decreased 72 percent (4,995 tons) for dry onions. The Packer reported 

poor market conditions in 2016 led to a decrease in onion acreage in the Colombia Basin in 2017.6

Reported rail shipments increased 5 percent (8,925 tons) for potatoes. According to an article in Capital Press, Union Pacific’s refrigerated food train, Cold Connect, is using new refrigerated railcars specifically designed for potatoes and had an 18 percent increase in potato shipments in 2017. Cold Connect runs from Washington to New York 

in 8 to 9 days with stops along the way, including a stop in Idaho to load potatoes. This service is about 4 days 

quicker than conventional rail service as it uses a dedicated train and does not need to be reconfigured.

Table 2 Intermodal and Rail Shipments Originated in Pacific Northwest during 2016 and 2017 (short tons)

Source: Annual Specialty Crops Shipments. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments by Commodities, 

States and Months. FVAS-4. Calendar Year 2017 and 2016. Table 3. Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Commodity

Rail Intermodal

Volume Change Volume Change

2016 2017 Tons Percentage2016 2017 Tons Percentage

Apples 120,275 114,550 (5,725) -5% 15,275 13,180 (2,095) -14%

Onions Dry 153,830 130,310 (23,520) -15% 6,980 1,985 (4,995) -72%

Pears 380 330 (50) -13% 1,130 2,045 915 81%

Potatoes 194,080 203,005 8,925 5% 14,195 11,440 (2,755) -19%

PotatoesSeed 120 125 5 4% - -

Total 468,685 448,320 (20,365) -4% 37,580 28,650 (8,930) -24%

3 Offner, Jim. “Lighter lemon crop on tap this year.” The Packer. October 17, 2017.

4 USDA. Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook. September 29, 2017.

5 Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

6

Crawford, Chris. “Washington, Oregon onions delayed by weather.” The Packer. August 14, 2017.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 5

Conclusion 

For some shippers, moving perishable goods by truck will always be the most economical option. However, improvements in the refrigerated supply chain for intermodal and rail may make this a viable option for additional shippers, 

especially over long-haul routes. Furthermore, even if shipments by rail typically take several days longer than by 

truck, shippers may be willing to trade time for capacity and lower costs if the truck capacity crunch and rising diesel 

prices persist.

Sergio.Sotelo@ams.usda.gov; Adam.Sparger@ams.usda.gov
Page 6 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Quarterly Overview

Fruit and Vegetable Shipments 

Reported U.S. truck shipments of fresh produce during the first quarter of 2018 were 7.99 million tons, 3 percent higher 

than the previous quarter, but 0.4 percent lower than the same quarter last year. 

Shipments from Mexico were the highest in the first quarter, totaling 1.21 million tons and accounting for 38 percent of 

the total reported shipments of fresh fruits and vegetables. Shipments from the Pacific Northwest totaled 725,000 tons, 

representing 23 percent of the reported shipments. Movements from Arizona totaled nearly 300,000 tons, representing 

9 percent of the reported total. 

The following top five commodities accounted for 41 percent of the reported truck movements during the first quarter of

2018: 

► Potatoes (14 percent) 

► Apples (11 percent) 

► Onion, dry (7 percent) 

► Tomatoes (5 percent) 

► Avocados (4 percent) 

Truck Rates 

The table below provides a snapshot of quarterly truck rates for U.S. produce shipments over four mileage categories—0-

500, 501-1,500, 1,501-2,500, and 2,500+ miles. Please note the U.S. average truck rates provided below are calculated 

using weighted regional rates and volumes. 

U.S. Average Fruit and Vegetable Truck Rates per Mile

0-500 miles 501-1,500 

miles

1,501-2,500

miles

2,500 miles +

Q1 2017 2.81 1.86 2.05 1.05

Q2 2017 4.10 2.40 2.12 1.04

Q3 2017 5.06 2.52 2.25 1.26

Q4 2017 3.16 2.55 2.52 1.22

Q1 2018 3.05 2.64 2.54 1.04

Q4 Change from 

Previous Quarter

-3% 3% 0.5% -14%

Q4 Change from Same 

Quarter Last Year

9% 41% 23% 0.3%

Diesel Fuel 

During the first quarter 2018, the U.S. diesel fuel price averaged $3.02 per gallon—5 percent higher than the previous 

quarter and 18 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 7

Regulatory News and Updates

New Guidance on Driver Rules for Agricultural Commodities, Personal Conveyance

On May 31, 2018, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) announced new regulatory guidance clarifying the longstanding 150 air-miles and hours-of-service agricultural commodity exemption, as well 

as providing additional explanatory detail of the “personal conveyance” provision. With the announcement, 

FMCSA provided clarity on the use of the agricultural exemption and personal conveyance to both industry 

and law enforcement and said it was providing as much flexibility as possible for the industry, while maintaining safety. Documents, comments, and how the “source” of the commodity is determined for the 150 airmiles and hours-of-service agricultural commodity exemption can be viewed in Docket Number FMCSA-2017-

0360. Documents and comments on the use of a laden or unladen commercial motor vehicle as a personal 

conveyance while off-duty, such as to find parking, can be viewed in Docket Number FMCSA-2017-0108.

Comments Available Concerning Exemption for MirrorEyeTM Camera Monitor System Technology

On May 7, 2018, the comment period ended for Stoneridge, Inc.’s requested exemption from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) to allow the installation of MirrorEyeTM Camera Monitor System technology, as an alternative to the two rear-vision mirrors required by FMCSR. The initial request and comments 

may be viewed in Docket Number FMCSA-2018-0141.

Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2016 is Now Available

On May 8, 2018, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 

(FMCSA) released the 2016 annual edition of “Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts,” which contains descriptive 

statistics about fatal, injury, and property damage for crashes involving large trucks and buses. Selected crash 

statistics on passenger vehicles are also presented for comparison purposes. The Analysis Division of the 

FMCSA organized the report into four chapters: trends, crashes, vehicles and people. 

DOT Soliciting Applications for BUILD Grants

On April 27, 2018, the Office of the Secretary of Transportation solicited applications for the “Better Utilizing 

Investments to Leverage Development” or “BUILD Transportation Discretionary Grants.” The Consolidated 

Appropriations Act, 2018 appropriated $1.5 billion for the grants.

Comments Available Concerning Exemption for GPS Technology Installation

On April 23, 2018, the comment period ended for the Traditional Trucking Corporation’s (TTC) requested exemption from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) to allow the installation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) device in areas allowed for vehicle safety technology. The initial request and comments 

may be viewed in Docket Number FMCSA-2018-0098.

FHWA Makes $60 Million Available for Advanced Transportation Technologies Grants

On April 18, 2018, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) released

a Notice of Funding Opportunity for States, cities, and other agencies to compete for $60 million in the Advanced Transportation and Congestion Management Technologies Deployment Program (ACTMTD). ATCMTD 

provides grants to fund new technologies that improve transportation efficiency and safety, while working to 

improve the performance of U.S. transportation systems, reduce traffic congestion, and improve the safety of 

the traveling public.
Page 8 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

FHWA Announces $1 Billion in Emergency Relief for Road and Bridge Repairs

On April 13, 2018, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration (FWHA) announced more than $1 billion in reimbursable funds to States for road and bridge repairs. FHWA’s emergency 

relief program reimburses States, territories, and Federal land management agencies for eligible expenses associated with damage from natural disasters or other emergency situations. The funds help to pay for the reconstruction or replacement of damaged highways and bridges, the arrangement of detours, and replacement 

of guardrails or other damaged safety devices.

Secretary Chao Commits to Continue Improvements to Infrastructure Review and Permitting Process

On April 9, 2018, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) committing to follow the President’s One Federal Decision framework for processing environmental reviews and permits for major infrastructure projects. The MOU states the agreement is based upon 

the following principles: “Establish a lead Federal Agency for the Complete Process;” “Commitment to 

Meeting the Lead Federal Agency’s Permitting Timetable;” “Commitment to Conduct the Necessary Review 

Process Concurrently;” and “Automatic Elevation of Interagency Disputes.” 

Renewal of Exemption from CLP Requirements for Oregon Department of Transportation

On April 4, 2018, FMCSA announced its decision to renew the Oregon Department of Transportation's (ODOT) 

exemption from the commercial learner's permit (CLP) requirements. The exemption allows ODOT and participating SDLAs to extend, to one year, the 180-day timeline for the CLP from the date of issuance, without requiring the CLP holder to retake the general and endorsement knowledge tests. Under the exemption, an applicant wishing to have a new CLP after the previous one expires will be required to take all applicable tests 

before a new CLP is issued.

Motor Carriers Challenge the Constitutionality of the Imposition of Excessive Tolls

On March 15, 2018, Owner Operator Independent Drivers Association, Inc. and several other parties filed a 

complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. The complaint challenges 

the constitutionality of the imposition of excessive tolls, by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission, on the 

named Plaintiffs and on the members of the putative class of motor carriers, drivers, and motorists operating 

on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, which the Plaintiffs seek to represent.

DOT Announces TIGER Grants for 41 Projects in 43 States

On March 9, 2018, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced the list of 41 recipients of nearly 

$500 million in Fiscal Year 2017 discretionary grant funding for road, transit, maritime, and rail projects, 

through the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER). The TIGER program gave special consideration to projects that emphasized improved access to reliable, safe, and affordable transportation 

for communities in rural areas. Selected projects focus on improving infrastructure condition, addressing public health and safety, promoting regional connectivity, or facilitating economic growth or competitiveness. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 9

U.S. Truck Rates

National Summary

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr *Annual

2018 2.64

2017 1.86 2.40 2.52 2.55 2.33

2016 2.22 2.34 2.47 2.04 2.26

2015 2.47 2.62 2.43 2.36 2.47

2014 2.31 2.66 2.65 2.50 2.53

2013 2.24 2.60 2.62 2.31 2.44

2012 2.10 2.54 2.45 2.29 2.35

2011 2.02 2.60 2.77 2.26 2.41

2010 1.82 2.21 2.33 1.94 2.08

2009 1.85 1.99 2.02 1.86 1.93

2008 2.02 2.56 2.77 2.24 2.40

2007 1.89 2.23 2.25 2.03 2.10

2006 1.92 2.10 2.21 2.02 2.06

*Annual: Weighted average rate for all 4 quarters.

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Table 1: Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes 

between 501 and 1500 miles ($/Mile)

Table 2: Quarterly Rates for Key Origins by Month; 501-1500 miles ($/Mile)

Origin January February March October November December

Arizona 3.62 2.88 2.69 2.50 3.27 2.69

California 3.35 2.81 2.70 2.70 2.78 2.86

Florida 2.49 2.74 2.56 - 1.90 2.60

Great Lakes 3.62 3.62 3.59 3.54 3.52 3.47

New York 2.99 3.02 2.87 3.14 2.95 2.40

Other 3.02 2.86 2.82 2.39 2.67 2.85

Mexico-Arizona 3.28 2.71 2.67 2.27 2.33 2.56

Mexico-Texas 3.29 2.71 2.77 2.25 2.31 2.53

PNW 2.65 2.24 2.18 2.05 2.37 2.82

Southeast 3.76 3.87 3.87 4.56 2.75 2.59

1st Qtr 2018 4th Qtr 2017

Source: Agricultural M arketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, M arket News Division 

Note: " n/a" indicates rates not available. 

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted by commodity and origin volume. 
Page 10 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Truck Rates for Selected Routes 

Truck Rates for Selected Routes 

Table 3: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 1st Quarter 2018 ($/Mile)

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 2.79 2.79 2.75 2.67 3.11 . 2.84 2.81 2.79 .

California 2.74 2.76 2.69 2.65 2.93 . 2.76 2.77 2.76 2.92

Florida 2.38 2.92 2.68 2.03 . . 2.84 2.89 2.66 .

Great Lake 3.46 3.49 3.90 4.31 3.19 . 3.16 3.69 3.81 .

Mexico-Arizona . . . 2.42 3.01 2.82 2.62 2.78 2.87 .

Mexico-Texas 3.13 3.14 3.12 2.77 3.35 2.58 2.78 3.29 3.25 2.93

New York 3.21 4.69 10.36 . 2.40 . 2.71 12.08 6.89 .

Other 2.80 2.80 3.37 2.81 3.62 2.42 2.72 3.34 2.97 .

PNW 2.49 2.53 2.55 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.46 2.66 2.62 6.95

Southeast 5.54 4.84 3.80 3.53 . . 3.25 4.64 4.49 .

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Destination Origin

Table 4: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 1st Quarter 2018 ($/Truck)

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 5,854 7,254 7,962 5,419 4,038 . 7,396 7,596 7,392 .

California 6,065 7,461 8,081 5,547 4,261 . 7,677 7,748 7,584 3,342

Florida 1,310 2,763 3,768 2,652 . . 681 3,442 2,948 .

Great Lake 3,490 3,974 4,340 1,431 3,551 . 5,248 4,500 3,665 .

Mexico-Arizona . . . 4,350 2,950 1,581 5,962 6,962 6,885 .

Mexico-Texas 3,604 5,623 6,858 3,962 1,677 4,123 4,246 6,581 6,181 7,027

New York 3,213 1,546 1,762 . 4,000 . 3,937 1,812 1,585 .

Other 2,947 4,354 4,003 2,381 2,033 2,250 5,368 4,310 3,744 .

PNW 5,516 5,922 6,988 4,369 4,403 2,382 7,086 6,758 6,535 973

Southeast 2,057 1,796 2,979 3,000 . . 2,500 2,614 2,114 .

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Origin Destination
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 11

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit and 

vegetable movements.

U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices

Figure 2: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

2.07

2.30

2.38

2.47

2.57

2.55

2.63

2.87

3.02

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2016 2017 2018

$/Gallon

U.S. diesel prices are up 5% 

from last quarter and up

18% from the same quarter 

last year

Table 5: 1st Quarter 2018 Average Diesel Fuel Prices (All Types - $/Gallon)

Last Quarter Same Qtr Last Year

East Coast 3.06 0.20 0.44

 New England 3.12 0.28 0.47

 Central Atlantic 3.25 0.24 0.48

 Lower Atlantic 2.91 0.14 0.40

Midwest 2.96 0.13 0.46

Gulf Coast 2.82 0.15 0.40

Rocky Mountain 2.96 0.00 0.40

West Coast 3.41 0.14 0.55

 California 3.66 0.22 0.72

U.S. 3.02 0.15 0.45

Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

Location Price Change From
Page 12 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit and 

vegetable movements.

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and Truck Rates

Figure 3: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Sources:

Diesel Fuel: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy 

Truck Rate: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q 4 Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q4 Q 1 Q2 Q 3 Q4

2016 2017 2018

$/Mile

$/Gallon

Diesel Fuel 0-500 miles 501-1500 miles

1501-2500 miles 2500+ miles

Table 6: Average Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Diesel Diesel Truck 

2016 Q1 2.07 2.22 -15% -29% -10%

Q2 2.30 2.34 11% -19% -11%

Q3 2.38 2.47 3 % -10% 2 %

Q4 2.47 2.04 4 % 2 % -14%

2017 Q1 2.57 1.86 4 % 24% -16%

Q2 2.55 2.40 -1% 11% 3%

Q3 2.63 2.52 3 % 11% 2%

Q4 2.87 2.55 9 % 16% 25%

2018 Q1 3.02 2.64 5 % 18% 42%

Q2

Q3

Q4

Sources:

4 %

-17%

Truck 

% Change From:

Last Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

-6%

1 %

-9%

29%

5 %

Diesel 

Fuel 

($/gallon)

Truck Rates 

($/mile) 

501-1500 

miles

6 %

5 %

Diesel Fuel: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy 

Truck Rates: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 13

1st Quarter 2018 Comparison Analysis

Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.02 per gallon this quarter, 5 percent higher than last quarter and 18 percent higher than the same quarter last year. Average truck rates for shipments between 501 and 1,500 

miles were $2.64 per mile, 3 percent higher than the previous quarter and 42 percent higher than the 

same quarter last year.
Page 14 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Table 7: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability, 1st Quarter 2018

Quarterly Truck Availability

CALIFORNIA, CENTRAL, AND WESTERN ARIZONA 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona

Broccoli, Cauliflower, Iceberg Lettuce, Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce 

Romaine, Leaf Lettuce, 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Kern District California Carrots, Grapes 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Oxnard District California Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine, Cabbage, Celery, Cilantro, Kale, 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

San Joaquin Valley California Apples, Kiwi 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Santa Maria California Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Strawberries 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

South District California Avocados, Citrus 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Salinas-Watsonville California Broccoli, Cauliflower 3 4

FLORIDA 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Central & South Florida Berries, Mixed Vegetables, Tomatoes 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

South Florida Melons 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

Florida Potatoes 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

GREAT LAKE (MI & WI) 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Central Wisconsin Onions, Potatoes 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Michigan Apples 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

MEXICO BORDER CROSSINGS 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona Mixed Vegetables, Cucumber, Honeydew, Squash, Tomato, 

Watermelon 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

Mexico Crossings Through Texas Broccoli, Carrots, Tomatoes, Limes, Mangoes, Mixed Fruits, 

Vegetables 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4

PACIFIC NORTHWEST (ID, OR, & WA) 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Columbia Basin Washington Onions, Potatoes 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon Onions 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho Potatoes 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District 

Washington Apples, Pears 5 5 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

SOUTHEAST (GA, SC, & NC) 1/2 1/9 1/16 1/23 1/30 2/6 2/13 2/20 2/27 3/6 3/13 3/20 3/27

Eastern North Carolina Sweet Potatoes 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

South Georgia Cabbage, Brocolli, Greens 3 3

1

 Regions reported and commodities shipped vary by week, month, season, and year. Within a region, truck availability may vary by commodity and destination.

Source: weekly Specialty Crops Program Truck Rate Report, Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Week Ending1

Adequate - 3 Slight Shortage - 4 Shortage - 5 Region1 Commodity1

Truck Availability

Surplus - 1 Slight Surplus - 2
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 15

Reported U.S. Shipments

Figure 4: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q

2015 2016 2017 2018

(1,000 Tons)

1st quarter 2018 U.S. shipments increased 3% 

compared to the previous quarter, but were 

unchanged compared to the same quarter last year.

Table 8: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2018 7,988 7,988

2017 8,017 9,518 8,334 7,722 33,592

2016 7,562 9,417 8,406 8,053 33,438

2015 8,166 9,433 7,659 7,699 32,957

2014 7,779 8,965 8,081 7,643 32,468

2013 7,451 8,972 7,762 6,546 30,731

2012 7,577 9,008 7,774 7,532 31,890

2011 7,007 8,981 7,887 7,988 31,863

2010 7,065 8,881 7,985 7,522 31,454

2009 7,158 8,728 7,990 7,270 31,147

2008 7,059 8,666 7,426 6,904 30,057

2007 6,959 8,585 7,475 7,099 30,118

2006 6,335 8,400 7,854 6,960 29,550

2005 6,877 8,324 7,737 7,387 30,325

2004 6,867 8,331 6,876 6,732 28,807

2003 6,824 8,013 7,043 6,684 28,564

2002 6,787 8,094 6,414 6,460 27,755

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division
Page 16 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Reported Shipments by Selected Commodities

Table 9: Reported Top 10 Commodity Shipments for 1st Quarter 2018 (1,000 Tons)

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Potatoes 1,118 1,170 1,119 -4% 0%

Apples 914 895 832 2% 10%

Onions Dry 540 525 573 3% -6%

Tomatoes 432 334 481 29% -10%

Avocados 296 235 261 26% 13%

Lettuce, Iceberg 294 289 300 2% -2%

Lettuce, Romaine 291 281 320 3% -9%

Peppers, Bell Type 277 201 267 38% 4%

Cucumbers 267 258 249 3% 7%

Strawberries 260 166 269 57% -3%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Current Quarter as % change from: Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Previous 

Quarter

Same Quarter 

Last Year
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 17

Regional Markets

California

Figure 5: California Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$2.98

$2.70

$2.75

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled

Table 10: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from California (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Celery 109 18% 179 115 -39% -5%

Carrots 77 13% 76 85 2% -9%

Strawberries 55 9% 113 57 -52% -5%

Lettuce, Romaine 49 8% 137 56 -64% -13%

Broccoli 44 8% 56 33 -21% 35%

Top 5 Total 334 57% 561 346 -40% -4%

California Total 589 100% 1,433 561 -59% 5%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Share of 

California 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year
Page 18 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from California during the first quarter of 

2018 were 589 thousand tons, a 5 percent increase from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top 

five commodities decreased 4 percent from the previous year, despite a 35 percent increase in broccoli, 

which displaced iceberg lettuce from the top 5. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $2.98 per 

mile, 7 percent higher than the previous quarter, and 16 percent higher than the same quarter last 

year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.66 per gallon, 6 percent higher than the previous quarter, and 24 percent higher than the same period last year. Truck availability in all California districts was 

reported as a shortage from the beginning to mid-January; from the end of January through midMarch, shippers reported adequate availability with some districts reporting a slight shortage during 

the last week of March. 

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2018 2017 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 7: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for California 1 - Surplus | 2 - Slight Surplus | 3 - Adequate | 4 - Slight Shortage | 5 - Shortage

Figure 6: California Truck Overview

January February March 1st Quarter

Imperial, Palo Verde, And Coachella Valleys 4.40 3.00 3.25 3.55

Kern District California 4.40 3.00 3.25 3.55

Oxnard District California 4.40 3.00 3.24 3.55

Salinas-Watsonville California n/a n/a 3.50 3.50

San Joaquin Valley California 4.20 3.00 3.00 3.40

Santa Maria California 4.40 3.00 3.25 3.55

South District California 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.33

Regional Average Availability 4.30 3.00 3.21 3.50

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.64 3.68 3.65 3.66

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the California sub-group of the West Coast PAD District 5 was used to represent the diesel fuel price.

Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage Region/Reporting District
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 19

Pacific Northwest (PNW)

Figure 8: PNW Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$6.95

$2.38

$2.50

$2.56

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled

Table 11: Reported Top Four Commodities Shipped from PNW (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Apples 806 44% 743 723 8% 12%

Potatoes 554 31% 588 559 -6% -1%

Onions Dry 335 18% 382 378 -12% -11%

Pears 119 7% 155 123 -23% -4%

Top 4 Total 1,814 100% 1,869 1,783 -3% 2%

PNW Total 1,814 100% 1,871 1,783 -3% 2%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Share of PNW 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year
Page 20 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) 

during the first quarter of 2018 were 1.81 million tons, an increase of 2 percent from the same 

quarter last year. The top commodity – apples – increased 12 percent from the previous year, 

enough to increase the quarterly total by offsetting decreases in potatoes, onions, and pears.

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $2.38 

per mile, the same as the previous quarter and 11 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.09 per gallon, 1 percent higher than last quarter, 

and 12 percent higher than the same period last year. Shippers in most districts across the PNW 

reported shortage conditions for truck availability each week from January through the first week 

of February. However, availability was adequate for the remainder of the quarter.

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2018 2017 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 10: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for PNW 1 - Surplus | 2 - Slight Surplus | 3 - Adequate | 4 - Slight Shortage | 5 - Shortage

Figure 9: PNW Truck Overview

January February March 1st Quarter

Columbia Basin Washington 4.80 3.00 3.00 3.60

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.67

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho 5.00 3.11 3.00 3.70

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District Washington 4.44 3.22 3.00 3.55

Regional Average Availability 4.81 3.08 3.00 3.63

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.09 3.10 3.08 3.09

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the West Coast less California District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for PNW.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 21

Mexico Border Crossings 

Figure 11: Mexico Truck Overview

January February March 1st Quarter

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 4.40 3.00 3.50 3.63

Mexico Crossings Through Texas 4.40 3.00 3.75 3.72

Regional Average Availability 4.40 3.00 3.63 3.68

Diesel Fuel Price, through Arizona($/gallon) 3.09 3.10 3.08 3.09

Diesel Fuel Price, through Texas ($/gallon) 2.81 2.84 2.80 2.81

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the Gulf Coast PAD District 3 was used to represent the diesel fuel price through Texas.

For the purpose of this report the West Coast less California District was used to represent the diesel fuel price through Arizona.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

Table 13: Top 5 Commodities Shipped to U.S from Mexico by State of Entry (1,000 tons)

Avocados 266 Asparagus 6 5 Cucumbers 183

Tomatoes 147 Onions Green 4 6 Squash 168

Limes 106 Misc Tropical 3 5 Peppers, Bell Type 168

Onions Dry 9 5 Strawberries 3 0 Tomatoes, Plum Type 129

Strawberries 7 2 Peppers, Other 2 8 Tomatoes 118

Top 5 Total 686 Top 5 Total 204 Top 5 Total 766

Mexico-TX Total 1,424 Mexico-CA Total 431 Mexico-AZ Total 1,177

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

Texas California Arizona

Table 12: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Mexico (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Tomatoes 276 9% 199 282 39% -2%

Avocados 272 9% 235 248 16% 10%

Cucumbers 259 9% 221 236 17% 10%

Peppers, Bell Type 229 8% 115 205 98% 12%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 209 7% 148 217 41% -4%

Top 5 Total 1,244 41% 919 1,187 35% 5%

Mexico Total 3,040 100% 2,319 2,965 31% 3%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Share of 

Mexico Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year
Page 22 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Figure 12: Mexico Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$3.35

$2.93

$2.84

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled

Figure 13: Mexico-Texas Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$3.35

$2.95

$3.01

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 23

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Mexico during the first quarter of 2018 were 3 

million tons, 3 percent more than the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five commodities increased 5 percent from last year with increases in avocados, cucumbers, and bell peppers offsetting decreases in tomatoes. 

Rates: Truck rates for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles from the Texas border crossings averaged $2.95 

per mile, up 25 percent from the previous quarter, and 35 percent higher than the same quarter last year. Rates 

for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles from the Arizona border crossings averaged $2.92 per mile, up 23 percent from last quarter, and 42 percent higher than the same quarter last year.

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Texas averaged $2.81 per gallon, 5 percent higher 

than the previous quarter, and 16 percent higher than the same quarter last year. Diesel fuel prices for border 

crossings from Arizona averaged $3.09 per gallon, 1 percent higher than the previous quarter, and 12 percent 

higher than the same period last year. There was a reported shortage of truck availability through the Arizona and 

Texas border crossings at the beginning of the quarter through the end of January. Reported truck availability was 

adequate for the remainder of the quarter with the exception of a slight shortage at the end of March. 

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2018 2017 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 15: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Mexico 1 - Surplus | 2 - Slight Surplus | 3 - Adequate | 4 - Slight Shortage | 5 - Shortage

Figure 14: Mexico-Arizona Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$2.92

$2.67

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled
Page 24 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Arizona

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the Arizona during the first quarter of 2018 were 

746 thousand tons, a 3 percent decrease from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five commodities also 

decreased 3 percent from the same quarter last year, led by decreases for romaine and iceberg lettuce and spinach, 

despite an increase in processed lettuce. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $3.11 per mile, 8 percent 

higher than last quarter.

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.09 per gallon, 1 percent higher than the previous quarter and 12 

percent higher than the same period last year. Truck availability in Arizona was reported as a shortage from the beginning to mid-January; from the end of January through mid-March, shippers reported adequate availability with a 

slight shortage during the last week of March. 

Figure 16: Arizona Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$3.11

$2.73

$2.80

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled

Table 14: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Arizona (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Lettuce, Romaine 219 29% 131 246 67% -11%

Lettuce, Iceberg 218 29% 121 224 80% -3%

Lettuce, Processed 112 15% 57 105 97% 6%

Celery 39 5% 2 31 1,963% 25%

Spinach 32 4% 13 32 139% -2%

Top 5 Total 619 83% 324 638 91% -3%

Arizona Total 746 100% 427 765 75% -3%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Share of 

Arizona Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 25

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2018 2017 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 17: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Arizona 1 - Surplus | 2 - Slight Surplus | 3 - Adequate | 4 - Slight Shortage | 5 - Shortage

Figure 18: Arizona Truck Overview

January February March 1st Quarter

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona

4.40 3.00 3.25 3.55

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 4.40 3.00 3.50 3.63

Regional Average Availability 4.40 3.00 3.38 3.59

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.09 3.10 3.08 3.09

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the West Coast less California District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for Arizona.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage
Page 26 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Florida

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Florida during the first quarter of 2018 

were 718 thousand tons, down 17 percent from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five 

commodities decreased 16 percent with decreases in all five commodities led by a 20 percent decrease 

in tomatoes, a 10 percent decrease in sweet corn, and a 26 percent decrease in cabbage. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $2.60 per mile, 

11 percent higher than the previous quarter, and 29 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.91 per gallon, 5 percent higher than last quarter, and 16 

percent higher than the same period last year. Shippers in Florida reported mostly adequate truck availability throughout the quarter, with the exception of a shortage during the first week of the quarter and

a slight shortage lasting three weeks beginning at the end of January in Central and South Florida. Figure 19: Florida Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

$2.80

$2.60

$2.41

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

1 2 4 1 2 4 1

2016 2017 2018

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

distance traveled

Table 15: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Florida (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Tomatoes 140 20% 69 176 105% -20%

Strawberries 104 14% 19 110 455% -5%

Corn-Sweet 75 10% 17 83 330% -10%

Cabbage 64 9% - 86 - -26%

Peppers, Bell Type 46 6% 19 57 138% -18%

Top 5 Total 429 60% 124 511 246% -16%

Florida Total 718 100% 272 861 164% -17%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2018

Share of 

Florida Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 27

Figure 20: Florida Truck Overview

January February March 1st Quarter

Central & South Florida 3.80 3.50 3.00 3.43

Florida n/a 3.00 3.00 3.00

South Florida 3.17 3.20 3.00 3.12

Regional Average Availability 3.48 3.23 3.00 3.24

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.91 2.95 2.88 2.91

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the Lower Atlantic District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for Florida.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2018 2017 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 21: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Florida 1 - Surplus | 2 - Slight Surplus | 3 - Adequate | 4 - Slight Shortage | 5 - Shortage
Page 28 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018

Data Sources: This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report by USDA,

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division. The website is:

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-home.

Regional Markets: For the regional markets, some States are grouped into producing regions. The Pacific Northwest 

region includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes Michigan, Minnesota, and 

Wisconsin. The Southeast region includes North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Shipment Volumes: Truck shipments for all commodities and origins are not available. Those obtainable are 

reported, but should not be interpreted as representing complete movements of a commodity. Truck shipments 

from all States are collected at shipping points and include both interstate and intrastate movements. They are 

obtained from various sources, including Federal marketing orders, administrative committees, Federal State 

Inspection Service, and shippers. Volume amounts are represented in 10,000 pound units, or 1,000 10-lb packages 

but are converted to 1,000 tons for this report. Mexican border crossings through Arizona and Texas data is obtained 

from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border and Protection (CBP) through USDA, 

AMS, Market News.

Rates: This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report. Rates quoted represent open 

(spot) market rates that shippers or receivers pay depending on basis of sale, per load, including truck brokers fees 

for shipments in truck load volume to a single destination. Extra charges for delivery to terminal markets, 

multipickup and multidrop shipments are not included unless otherwise stated. Rates are based on the most usual 

loads in 48-53 foot trailers from the origin shipping area to the destination receiving city. In areas where rates are 

based on package rates, per load rates were derived by multiplying the package rate by the number of packages in 

the most usual load in a 48-53 foot trailer. Slightly cheaper rates will be reported during Quarters 2 and 3 as about 50 

percent of onion shipments from California are hauled on open flatbed trailers. During Quarter 3, less than 20 

percent of onions hauled from Washington, Idaho, and Oregon are on open flatbeds.

Regional Rates: Rate data for 10 destination markets are used to calculate average origin regional rates.

National Rates: The national rates reflect the average of the regional rates, separated by mileage category and 

weighted by volume between origin and destination.

Terms and References
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 1st Quarter, 2018 Page 29

Adam Sparger, Coordinator

Adam.Sparger@ams.usda.gov, 202.205.8701

April Taylor, Quarterly Overview and U.S. Diesel Prices

April.Taylor@ams.usda.gov, 202.295.7374

Brian McGregor, Regulatory News/Updates

Brian.McGregor@ams.usda.gov, 202.720.0035

Pierre Bahizi, U.S. Truck Rates and Shipments

Pierre.Bahizi@ams.usda.gov, 202.690.0992

Jesse Gastelle, Truck Availability

Jesse.Gastelle@ams.usda.gov, 202.690.1144

Patty Willkie, Specialty Crops Program and Market News Division Data

Patty.Willkie@ams.usda.gov, 202.720.2175

Related Websites:

Specialty Crops Program

http://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/specialty-crops-program

Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report 

http://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/fruits-vegetables

Economic Research Service Vegetable and Pulses 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses.aspx

Economic Research Service Fruit and Tree Nuts 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/fruit-tree-nuts.aspx

National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crops

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php?sector=CROPS

To subscribe, please send an e-mail to Adam.Sparger@ams.usda.gov. Printed copies are available upon request.

For assistance with accessibility issues related to this document, please e-mail Jessica.Ladd@ams.usda.gov.

Preferred Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly Report. 

July 2018. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS051.07-2018>

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