# Patent

## Title
Foam backer for insulation

## Abstract

Disclosed herein are embodiments of foam backing panels for use with lap siding and configured for mounting on a building. Also disclosed are lap siding assemblies and products of lap sidings. One such embodiment of the foam backing panel comprises a rear face configured to contact the building, a front face configured for attachment to the lap siding, alignment means for aligning the lap siding relative to the building, means for providing a shadow line, opposing vertical side edges, a top face extending between a top edge of the front face and rear face and a bottom face extending between a bottom edge of the front face and rear face. The foam backing panel has alternating high density portions and low density portions. Fasteners used to attach the foam back panel to an exterior wall pass through the high density portions.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/817,313 filed on Jun. 17, 2010, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/025,623 filed on Dec. 29, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,762,040, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/600,845, filed on Aug. 12, 2004. The disclosures of these applications are hereby fully incorporated by reference in their entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related to an insulated fiber cement siding.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A new category of lap siding, made from fiber cement or composite wood materials, has been introduced into the residential and light commercial siding market during the past ten or more years. It has replaced a large portion of the wafer board siding market, which has been devastated by huge warranty claims and lawsuits resulting from delamination and surface irregularity problems.
Fiber cement siding has a number of excellent attributes which are derived from its fiber cement base. Painted fiber cement looks and feels like wood. It is strong and has good impact resistance and it will not rot. It has a Class 1(A) fire rating and requires less frequent painting than wood siding. It will withstand termite attacks. Similarly composite wood siding has many advantages.
Fiber cement is available in at least 16 different faces that range in exposures from 4 inches to 10.75 inches. The panels are approximately 5/16 inch thick and are generally 12 feet in length. They are packaged for shipment and storage in units that weigh roughly 5,000 pounds.
Fiber cement panels are much heavier than wood and are hard to cut requiring diamond tipped saw blades or a mechanical shear. Composite wood siding can also be difficult to work with. For example, a standard 12 foot length of the most popular 81⁄4 inch fiber cement lap siding weighs 20.6 pounds per piece. Moreover, installers report that it is both difficult and time consuming to install. Fiber cement lap siding panels, as well as wood composite siding panels, are installed starting at the bottom of a wall. The first course is positioned with a starter strip and is then blind nailed in the 11⁄4 inch high overlap area at the top of the panel (see FIG. 1). The next panel is installed so that the bottom 11⁄4 inch overlaps the piece that it is covering. This overlap is maintained on each successive course to give the siding the desired lapped siding appearance. The relative height of each panel must be meticulously measured and aligned before the panel can be fastened to each subsequent panel. If any panel is installed incorrectly the entire wall will thereafter be miss-spaced.
Current fiber cement lap siding has a very shallow 5/16 inch shadow line. The shadow line, in the case of this siding, is dictated by the 5/16 inch base material thickness. In recent years, to satisfy customer demand for the impressive appearance that is afforded by more attractive and dramatic shadow lines virtually all residential siding manufacturers have gradually increased their shadow lines from 1⁄2 inch and 5⁄8 inch to 3⁄4 inch and 1 inch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Disclosed herein are embodiments of foam backing panels for use with lap siding and configured for mounting on a building. One such embodiment of the foam backing panel comprises a rear face configured to contact the building, a front face configured for attachment to the lap siding, alignment means for aligning the lap siding relative to the building, means for providing a shadow line, opposing vertical side edges, a top face extending between a top edge of the front face and rear face and a bottom face extending between a bottom edge of the front face and rear face. The foam backing panel has alternating high density portions and low density portions. Fasteners used to attach the foam back panel to an exterior wall pass through the high density portions.
Also disclosed herein are embodiments of lap board assemblies. One such assembly comprises the foam backing panel described above, with the alignment means comprising alignment ribs extending a width of the front face, the alignment ribs spaced equidistant from the bottom edge to the top edge of the front face. A plurality of lap boards is configured to attach to the foam backing panel, each lap board having a top edge and a bottom edge, the top edge configured to align with one of the alignment ribs such that the bottom edge extends beyond an adjacent alignment rib.
Also disclosed herein are methods of making the backing and lap board. One such method comprises providing a lap board and joining a porous, closed cell foam to a substantial portion of a major surface of the fiber cement substrate, the foam providing a drainage path through cells throughout the foam.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a prior art fiber cement panel installation;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a contoured alignment installation board according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a portion of the installation board shown in FIG. 2 featuring interlocking tabs;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a fiber cement or wood composite installation using a first preferred method of installation;
FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the installation board of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an installation board according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention attached to a wall;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of an installation board on a wall;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the installation board illustrating the feature of a ship lap utilized to attach multiple EPS foam backers or other foam material backers when practicing the method of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a sectional view of an upper ship lap joint;
FIG. 7b is a sectional view of a lower ship lap joint;
FIG. 8a is a sectional view of the fiber cement board of the prior art panel;
FIGS. 8b-8d are sectional views of fiber cement boards having various sized shadow lines;
FIG. 9 is a second preferred embodiment of a method to install a fiber cement panel;
FIG. 10a shows the cement board in FIG. 8b installed over an installation board of the present invention;
FIG. 10b shows the cement board in FIG. 8c installed over an installation board of the present invention;
FIG. 10c shows the cement board in FIG. 8d installed over an installation board of the present invention;
FIG. 11 illustrates the improved fiber cement or wood composite panel utilizing an installation method using a cement starter board strip;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a starter board strip having a foam backer; and
FIG. 13 illustrates a method for installing a first and second layer of fiber cement or wood composite panels.
FIG. 14 is a side view of another exemplary composite panel using a foam backer and a siding panel.
FIG. 15 is a side view of another exemplary foam installation board.
FIG. 16 is a front view of the board of FIG. 15.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention outlined hereinafter addresses the concerns of the aforementioned shortcomings or limitations of current fiber cement siding 10.
A shape molded, extruded or wire cut foam board 12 has been developed to serve as a combination installation/alignment tool and an insulation board. This rectangular board 12, shown in FIG. 2 is designed to work with 11⁄4 inch trim accessories. The board's 12 exterior dimensions will vary depending upon the profile it has been designed to incorporate, see FIG. 3.
With reference to FIG. 2 there is shown a plan view of a contoured foam alignment backer utilized with the installation method of the first preferred embodiment. Installation and alignment foam board 12 includes a plurality or registration of alignment ribs 14 positioned longitudinally across board 12. Alignment board 12 further includes interlocking tabs 16 which interlock into grooves or slots 18. As illustrated in FIG. 2a, and in the preferred embodiment, this construction is a dovetail arrangement 16, 18. It is understood that the dovetail arrangement could be used with any type of siding product, including composite siding and the like where it is beneficial to attach adjacent foam panels.
Typical fiber cement lap siding panels 10 are available in 12 foot lengths and heights ranging from 51⁄4 inches to 12 inches. However, the foam boards 12 are designed specifically for a given profile height and face such as, Dutch lap, flat, beaded, etc. Each foam board 12 generally is designed to incorporate between four and twelve courses of a given fiber cement lap siding 10. Spacing between alignment ribs 14 may vary dependent upon a particular fiber cement siding panel 10 being used. Further size changes will naturally come with market requirements. Various materials may also be substituted for the fiber cement lap siding panels 10.
One commercially available material is an engineered wood product coated with special binders to add strength and moisture resistance; and further treated with a zinc borate-based treatment to resist fungal decay and termites. This product is available under the name of LP SmartSide® manufactured by LP Specialty Products, a unit of Louisiana-Pacific Corporation (LP) headquartered in Nashville, Tenn. Other substituted materials may include a combination of cellulose, wood and a plastic, such as polyethylene. Therefore, although this invention is discussed with and is primarily beneficial for use with fiber board, the invention is also applicable with the aforementioned substitutes and other alternative materials such as vinyl and rubber.
The foam boards 12 incorporate a contour cut alignment configuration on the front side 20, as shown in FIG. 3. The back side 22 is flat to support it against the wall, as shown in FIG. 4. The flat side 22 of the board, FIG. 4, will likely incorporate a drainage plane system 24 to assist in directing moisture runoff, if moisture finds its way into the wall 12. It should be noted that moisture in the form of vapor, will pass through the foam from the warm side to the cold side with changes in temperature. The drainage plane system is incorporated by reference as disclosed in Application Ser. No. 60/511,527 filed on Oct. 15, 2003.
To install the fiber cement siding, according to the present invention, the installer must first establish a chalk line 26 at the bottom of the wall 28 of the building to serve as a straight reference line to position the foam board 12 for the first course 15 of foam board 12, following siding manufacturer's instructions.
The foam boards 12 are designed to be installed or mated tightly next to each other on the wall 28, both horizontally and vertically. The first course foam boards 12 are to be laid along the chalk line 26 beginning at the bottom corner of an exterior wall 28 of the building (as shown FIG. 5) and tacked into position. When installed correctly, this grid formation provided will help insure the proper spacing and alignment of each piece of lap siding 10. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the vertical edges 16a, 18a of each foam board 12 are fabricated with an interlocking tab 16 and slot 18 mechanism that insure proper height alignment. Ensuring that the tabs 16 are fully interlocked and seated in the slots 18, provides proper alignment of the cement lap siding. As shown in FIGS. 7, 7a, 7b, the horizontal edges 30, 32 incorporate ship-lapped edges 30, 32 that allow both top and bottom foam boards 12 to mate tightly together. The foam boards 12 are also designed to provide proper horizontal spacing and alignment up the wall 28 from one course to the next, as shown in phantom in FIGS. 7 and 7a. 
As the exterior wall 28 is covered with foam boards 12, it may be necessary to cut and fit the foam boards 12 as they mate next to doorways. windows, gable corners, electrical outlets, water faucets, etc. This cutting and fitting can be accomplished using a circular saw, a razor knife or a hot knife. The opening (not shown) should be set back no more than 1⁄8 inches for foundation settling.
Once the first course 15 has been installed, the second course 15′ of foam boards 12 can be installed at any time. The entire first course 15 on any given wall should be covered before the second course 15′ is installed. It is important to insure that each foam board 12 is fully interlocked and seated on the interlocking tabs 16 to achieve correct alignment.
The first piece of fiber cement lap siding 10 is installed on the first course 15 of the foam board 12 and moved to a position approximately 1⁄8 inches set back from the corner and pushed up against the foam board registration or alignment rib 14 (see FIG. 8) to maintain proper positioning of the panel 10. The foam board registration or alignment rib 14 is used to align and space each fiber cement panel 10 properly as the siding job progresses. Unlike installing the fiber cement lap siding in the prior art, there is no need to measure the panel's relative face height to insure proper alignment. All the system mechanics have been accounted for in the rib 14 location on the foam board 12. The applicator simply places the panel 10 in position and pushes it tightly up against the foam board alignment rib 14 immediately prior to fastening. A second piece of fiber cement lap siding can be butted tightly to the first, pushed up against the registration or alignment rib and fastened securely with fasteners 17 with either a nail gun or hammer. Because the alignment ribs 14 are preformed and pre-measured to correspond to the appropriate overlap 30 between adjacent fiber cement siding panels 10, no measurement is required. Further, because the alignment ribs 14 are level with respect to one another, an installer need not perform the meticulous leveling tasks associated with the prior art methods of installation.
With reference to FIGS. 7, 7a, 7b, vertically aligned boards 20 include a ship lap 30, 32 mating arrangement which provides for a continuous foam surface. Furthermore, the interlocking tabs 16, 18 together with the ship lap 30, 32 ensures that adjacent fiber boards 12, whether they be vertically adjacent or horizontally adjacent, may be tightly and precisely mated together such that no further measurement or alignment is required to maintain appropriate spacing between adjacent boards 12. It is understood that as boards 12 are mounted and attached to one another it may be necessary to trim such boards when windows, corners, electrical outlets, water faucets, etc. are encountered. These cuts can be made with a circular saw, razor knife, or hot knife.
Thereafter, a second course of fiber cement siding 10′ can be installed above the first course 10 by simply repeating the steps and without the need for leveling or measuring operation. When fully seated up against the foam board alignment rib 14, the fiber cement panel 10′ will project down over the first course 10 to overlap 34 by a desired 11⁄4 inches, as built into the system as shown in FIG. 3. The next course is fastened against wall 28 using fasteners 36 as previously described. The foam board 12 must be fully and properly placed under all of the fiber cement panels 10. The installer should not attempt to fasten the fiber cement siding 10 in an area that it is not seated on and protected by a foam board 12.
The board 12, described above, will be fabricated from foam at a thickness of approximately 11⁄4 inch peak height. Depending on the siding profile, the board 12 should offer a system “R” value of 3.5 to 4.0. This addition is dramatic considering that the average home constructed in the 1960's has an “R” value of 8. An R-19 side wall is thought to be the optimum in thermal efficiency. The use of the foam board will provide a building that is cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. The use of the foam board 12 of the present invention also increases thermal efficiency, decreases drafts and provides added comfort to a home.
In an alternate embodiment, a family of insulated fiber cement lap siding panels 100 has been developed, as shown in FIG. 9, in the interest of solving several limitations associated with present fiber cement lap sidings. These composite panels 100 incorporate a foam backer 112 that has been bonded or laminated to a complementary fiber cement lap siding panel 110. Foam backing 112 preferably includes an angled portion 130 and a complementary angled portion 132 to allow multiple courses of composite fiber cement siding panels 100 to be adjoined. Foam backer 112 is positioned against fiber cement siding 110 in such a manner as to leave an overlap region 134 which will provide for an overlap of siding panels on installation.
The fiber cement composite siding panels 100 of the second preferred embodiment may be formed by providing appropriately configured foam backing pieces 132 which may be adhesively attached to the fiber cement siding panel 110.
The composite siding panels 100 according to the second preferred embodiment may be installed as follows with reference to FIGS. 10b, 10c and 13. A first course 115 is aligned appropriately against sill plate 40 adjacent to the foundation 42 to be level and is fastened into place with fasteners 36. Thereafter, adjacent courses 115′ may be merely rested upon the previous installed course and fastened into place. The complementary nature of angled portions 130, 132 will create a substantially uniformed and sealed foam barrier behind composite siding panels 100. Overlap 134, which has been pre-measured in relation to the foam pieces allows multiple courses to be installed without the need for measuring or further alignment. This dramatic new siding of the present invention combines an insulation component with an automatic self-aligning, stack-on siding design. The foam backer 112 provides a system “R” value in the range of 3.5 to 4.0. The foam backer 112 will also be fabricated from expanded polystyrene (EPS), which has been treated with a chemical additive to deter termites and carpenter ants.
The new self-aligning, stack-on siding design of the present invention provides fast, reliable alignment, as compared to the time consuming, repeated face measuring and alignment required on each course with the present lap design.
The new foam backer 112 has significant flexural and compressive strength. The fiber cement siding manufacturer can reasonably take advantage of these attributes. The weight of the fiber cement siding 110 can be dramatically reduced by thinning, redesigning and shaping some of the profiles of the fiber cement 110. FIG. 8a shows the current dimensions of fiber cement boards, FIGS. 8b, 8c, and 8d show thinner fiber cement board. Experience with other laminated siding products has shown that dramatic reductions in the base material can be made without adversely affecting the product's performance. The combination of weight reduction with the new stack-on design provides the installers with answers to their major objections. It is conceivable that the present thickness (D′) of fiber cement lap siding panels 110 of approximately 0.313 inches could be reduced to a thickness (D′) of 0.125 inches or less.
The fiber cement siding panel may include a lip 144 which, when mated to another course of similarly configured composite fiber cement siding can give the fiber cement siding 110 the appearance of being much thicker thus achieving an appearance of an increased shadow line. Further, it is understood although not required, that the fiber cement siding panel 110 may be of substantially reduced thickness, as stated supra, compared to the 5/16′′ thickness provided by the prior art. Reducing the thickness of the fiber cement siding panel 110 yields a substantially lighter product, thereby making it far easier to install. A pair of installed fiber cement composite panels having a thickness (D′) of 0.125 or less is illustrated in FIGS. 8B-8D and 10B and 10C. Such installation is carried out in similar fashion as that described in the second preferred embodiment.
The present invention provides for an alternate arrangement of foam 112 supporting the novel configuration of fiber cement paneling. In particular, the foam may include an undercut recess 132 which is configured to accommodate an adjacent piece of foam siding. As shown in FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c, the new, thinner, insulated fiber cement lap siding panel 110 will allow the siding manufacturers to market panels with virtually any desirable shadow line, such as the popular new 3⁄4 inch vinyl siding shadow line with the lip 144 formation. The lip 144 can have various lengths such as approximately 0.313 inch (E), 0.50 inch (F), and 0.75 (G) inch to illustrate a few variations as shown in FIGS. 8b, 8c, and 8d, respectively. This new attribute would offer an extremely valuable, previously unattainable, selling feature that is simply beyond the reach with the current system.
No special tools or equipment are required to install the new insulated fiber cement lap siding 100. However, a new starter adapter or strip 150 has been designed for use with this system, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. It is preferable to drill nail holes 152 through the adapter 150 prior to installation. The installer must first establish a chalk line 26 at the bottom of the wall 28 to serve as a straight reference line to position the starter adapter 150 for the first course of siding and follow the siding manufacturer's instructions.
The siding job can be started at either corner 29. The siding is placed on the starter adapter or strip 150 and seated fully and positioned, leaving a gap 154 of approximately 1⁄8 inches from the corner 29 of the building. Thereafter, the siding 100 is fastened per the siding manufacturer's installation recommendations using a nail gun or hammer to install the fasteners 36. Thereafter, a second course of siding 115′ can be installed above the first course 115 by simply repeating the steps, as shown in FIG. 13. Where practical, it is preferable to fully install each course 115 before working up the wall, to help insure the best possible overall alignment. Installation in difficult and tight areas under and around windows, in gable ends, etc. is the same as the manufacturer's instruction of the current fiber cement lap siding 10.
The lamination methods and adhesive system will be the same as those outlined in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,019,415 and 6,195,952B1.
The insulated fiber cement stack-on sliding panels 100 described above will have a composite thickness of approximately 11⁄4 inches. Depending on the siding profile, the composite siding 100 should offer a system “R” value of 3.5 to 4.0. This addition is dramatic when you consider that the average home constructed in the 1960's has an “R” value of 8. An “R-19” side wall is thought to be the optimum in energy efficiency. A building will be cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter with the use of the insulated fiber cement siding of the present invention.
In some particular aspects of the disclosure, the foam backing panel, whether made as a foam board or as a foam backer for a composite panel, is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion having a higher density than the lower portion of the foam backing panel. In this regard, a fastener, such as a nail or screw, is typically used to connect the foam backing panel to the exterior wall of the building being insulated. The fastener ultimately bears the weight of the entire siding. Damage can occur to the foam backing panel due to the heavy weight of some siding materials like fiber cement. Mechanical impacts to the siding or high wind conditions can also cause tearing or structural damage. The increased density of the upper portion, through which the fastener passes, reduces the damage that can occur to the foam insulating panel.
FIG. 14 is a side view of an example composite panel of the present disclosure. The composite panel 200 includes a siding panel 210 and a foam backer 230.
The siding panel 210 has a front face 212, a rear face 214, a top face 216, and a bottom face 218. The siding panel generally has a constant thickness 215 between the front face and the rear face. A lip 220 extends substantially perpendicularly from the rear face 214 of the siding panel along the bottom face 218 to provide the shadow line.
The foam backer 230 also has a front face 232, a rear face 234, a top face 236, and a bottom face 238. The front face 232 of the foam backer is attached to the rear face 214 of the siding panel 210. The top face 236 is flat and is angled relative to the rear face 234 so that the top edge 241 of the front face is higher than the top edge 243 of the rear face. In addition, the thickness 245 at the top face 236 of the foam backer is less than the thickness 247 at the bottom face 238 of the foam backer, the thickness being measured perpendicular to the rear face 234. Whereas the top face 236 is flat, the bottom face 238 is made of a rear angled portion 242 and a front level portion 244. As shown here, the top face 236 of the foam backer aligns with the top face 216 of the siding panel. The shape of the bottom face 238 of the foam backer is complementary to the top face 236 of the foam backer 230 and the top face 216 of the siding panel. As seen here, the bottom face 218 of the siding panel extends beyond the bottom face 238 of the foam backer to allow for overlap when composite panels are stacked upon each other.
The foam backer is also separated into a high density portion or upper portion 252 and a low density portion or lower portion 254. The high density portion 252 and the low density portion 254 are separated here by the line having reference numeral 256. The high density portion 252 and the low density portion 254 both run from the front face 212 to the rear face 214. A fastener 260 is shown here which passes through the high density portion 252. The high density portion 252 is adjacent to the top face 236, and the low density portion 254 is adjacent to the bottom face 238. Put another way, the density of the upper portion 252 is greater than the density of the lower portion 254. The high density portion 252 may also be referred to as the nailing hem. Using other terms, the high density portion 252 is located above the low density portion 254.
Generally speaking, there is no “middle” portion between the high density portion and the low density portion of the foam backer, although in manufacturing there may be a thin layer between the two portions where the density changes rapidly. As shown here, the high density portion 252 has a height 253 and the low density portion 254 has a height 255, again measured on the rear face 234 of the siding panel. The height 211 of the siding panel 210 is the sum of the two heights 253 and 255.
FIG. 15 is a side view of an example embodiment 300 that uses a foam board 310 and a plurality of siding panels 360. FIG. 16 is a front view of the foam board 310 only. The foam board is attached to the exterior wall of the building being insulated, and the siding panels are attached to the foam board. The foam board 310 has a front face 312, a rear face 314, a top face 316, a bottom face 318, a left side face 320, and a right side face 322. In this regard, the left side face 320 and the right side face 322 can also be considered as being a first side face 324 and a second side face 326. Here, the left side face 320 is labeled as being the first side face 324, and the right side face is labeled as the second side face 322. The top face 316 and the bottom face 318 may be considered to be horizontal faces of the foam board. The left side face 320 and the right side face 322 may be considered to be vertical faces of the foam board.
The front face 312 here is shown having a contour cut alignment. However, it is also contemplated that the foam board could be flat, i.e. the distance between the front face 312 and the rear face 314 is generally constant between the top face 316 and the bottom face 318. The top face 316 includes a first joining element 320, and the bottom face 318 includes a second joining element 322. The first joining element is complementary in shape to the second joining element 322, such that panels stacked upon each other are joined together in a shiplap arrangement to mate tightly together. Here, the first joining element 320 is shown as a tongue along the rear face of the foam board, and the second joining element 322 is shown as a groove along the rear face of the foam board.
A plurality of registration ribs 330 are positioned longitudinally across the front face of the foam board and run from one side of the board to the other side, generally parallel to the top face 316 and the bottom face 318. The ribs are spaced equidistantly from each other. Again, the foam board is generally designed to incorporate between four and twelve courses of siding. Here, the foam board 310 is referred to as having four courses 342, 344, 346, 348 which each correspond to an area that is covered by a course of siding.
Each course is defined by a pair of registration ribs. Put another way, a course is defined between adjacent registration ribs. For example, course 344 is defined by ribs 332 and 334. Please note that the top face 316 and bottom face 318 should also be considered registration ribs because when adjacent panels are stacked upon each other, they have the same effect as the ribs 330. Each course is also separated into a high density portion or upper portion 352 and a low density portion or lower portion 354. The high density portion 352 and the low density portion 354 are separated here by the line having reference numeral 356. The high density portion 352 is located above the low density portion 354 in each course. The high density portion 352 and the low density portion 354 both run from the front face 312 to the rear face 314. Again, the high density portion 352 has a height 353 and the low density portion 354 has a height 355, measured on the rear face 314 of the foam board. The height 341 of each course is the sum of the two heights 353 and 355. Generally speaking, there is no “middle” portion between the high density portion and the low density portion, although there may be a thin layer between the two portions where the density changes rapidly. Generally, the high density portion of each course has the same density, and the low density portion of each course has the same density. Put another way, the foam board 310 can be described as having alternating high density portions 352 and low density portions 354 between the top face 316 and the bottom face 318.
A siding panel 360 is aligned with each course and attached using a fastener 362 which passes through the high density portion 352 of each course. Again, this increases the stability of the foam board 310. The top edge of each siding panel is abutted and positioned by a registration rib 330. As shown here, each siding panel 360 extends below the registration rib and includes a lip 364, which forms an overlapping pocket 366 with a lower siding panel.
In addition, the foam board 310 itself might be attached to the exterior wall 301 separately from the siding panels 360. In such embodiments, the portion of the foam board through which the fastener 368 passes should also be of high density. Thus, as depicted here, the first joining element 320 which rises above the top face 316 is also of high density. Put another way, the density of the first joining element is greater than the density of the low density portion of each course. In yet more specific embodiments, the density of the first joining element is equal to or greater than the density of the high density portion of each course.
It is contemplated that the foam insulation board contains a visual indicator that permits the installer to distinguish between the high density portion 352 and the low density portion 354. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 16 and course 348, a dotted line 370 indicates the demarcation between high density and low density. If desired, a letter “H” may be placed in the high density portion and a letter “L” may be placed in the low density portion. Alternatively, each portion can have a different color. The visual indicators are hidden by the siding panel 360 when installation is completed.
The foam board of FIG. 15 may include additional features not shown. For example, the opposing vertical sides of the foam board may include the interlocking tab and slot arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2A. The rear face or the front face of the foam board may also include drainage grooves as seen in FIG. 4. It is contemplated that any of the siding panels shown in FIGS. 8B-8D could be used with the foam board of FIG. 15.
An especially desirable feature which may be present on any embodiment of the foam insulation boards discussed herein is a plurality or series of relative distance markers or indicators. Such relative distance markers 302 are visible on the embodiment seen in FIG. 14. In this regards, there is a constant distance 305 between adjacent markers. Put another way, the relative distance markers 302 are positioned longitudinally across the front face of the foam insulation board and are spaced equidistantly. These distance markers are helpful to installers because the foam insulation board is typically fastened (e.g. nailed) to the wall studs (vertical members) in the building. In North America, studs are typically placed at regular intervals of 12, 16, or 24 inches. The relative distance markers 302 allow the installer to quickly locate additional wall studs once the location of the first wall stud has been determined. The relative distance markers are generally carved into the front face. As illustrated here, the relative distance markers are simply straight lines. There are two sets of straight lines here. For example, there can be a distance of four inches between each marker, and a distance of eight inches between the markers labeled with reference numeral 304. It is contemplated that there could be two different sets of relative distance markers having different intervals as well, with each set being indicated by a different color. For example, one set of relative distance markers would have a distance of 12 inches between adjacent markers and be red lines, while the other set of relative distance markers would have a distance of 16 inches between adjacent markers and be green lines. The relative distance markers are hidden by the siding panels 360 when installation is completed.
The ratio of the height of the high density portion to the height of the low density portion may be from about 2:1 to about 1:3, or more specifically from about 1:1 to about 3:2.
The high density portion may have a density of from about 200 to about 640 g/cm3, or more specifically from about 250 to about 500 g/cm3. The low density portion may have a density of from about 16 to about 350 g/cm3, or more specifically from about 20 to about 200 g/cm3. The high density portion is of course always denser than the low density portion. However, it should be noted that the difference in density between the high density portion and the low density portion is generally at least 50 g/cm3.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the fiber cement siding board disclosed in the invention can be substituted with the aforementioned disclosed materials and is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.

## Claims

1. A foam insulation board, comprising:
a front face, a rear face, a top face, and a bottom face; and
a plurality of registration ribs positioned longitudinally across the front face and spaced equidistantly, a course being defined between adjacent registration ribs;
wherein each course includes a high density portion and a low density portion, the high density portion and the low density portion each running from the front face to the rear face, the high density portion being located above the low density portion.

2. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein a ratio of a height of the high density portion to a height of the low density portion is from about 2:1 to about 1:3.

3. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein the high density portion has a density of from about 200 to about 640 g/cm3.

4. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein the low density portion has a density of from about 16 to about 350 g/cm3.

5. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein the foam board is made of expanded polystyrene.

6. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein opposing vertical sides of the foam board comprise an interlock system configured to align with an interlock system of an adjacent foam insulation board.

7. The foam insulation board of claim 1, wherein the rear face of the foam board further comprises drainage grooves.

8. The foam insulation board of claim 1, further comprising a first joining element in the top face and a second joining element in the bottom face.

9. The foam insulation board of claim 8, wherein the first joining element has a density that is equal to or greater than the density of the high density portion of the course.

10. The foam insulation board of claim 1, further comprising at least one siding panel for affixing to the front face of the foam insulation board.

11. A foam insulation board, comprising:
a front face, a rear face, a top face, and a bottom face; and
a plurality of registration ribs positioned longitudinally across the front face and spaced equidistantly;
alternating high density portions and low density portions between the top face and the bottom face, each portion running longitudinally across a width of the foam insulation board and also running from the front face to the rear face;
wherein the top face includes a first joining element and the bottom face includes a second joining element complementary to the first joining element.