USDA 

=a 

Instructions for Testing 

Livestock and Animal Scales 

Subject to the Packers and Stockyards Act 

United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Grain Inspection, 

Packers and 

Stockyards 

Administration 

Packers and 

Stockyards 

Programs 

hcyst 1996 
Table of Contents 

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 

Definitions .................................................................................................................. 

Examination of a Scale ............................................................................................. 

Inspection .................................................................................................................... 

Zero-Balance Condition ....................................................................................... 

Indicating and Recording Elements ...................................................................... 

Installation . .......................................................................................................... . 

Stock Rack, Gates, and Scale Deck ...................................................................... 

Weighing Elements ............................................................................................... 

Suitability of Load Cells. ...................................................................................... 

Maintenance, Use, and Environmental Factors .................................................... 

Assistance ............................................................................................................. 

Pre-Test Determinations ............................................................................................ 

Acceptance and Maintenance Tolerances ............................................................. 

Tolerance Testing and Error Weight Testing ....................................................... 

Test .............................................................................................................................. 

Zero-Load Balance Test ....................................................................................... 

Sensitivity Test ..................................................................................................... 

Discrimination Test .............................................................................................. 

Shift Test ............................................................................................................... 

Increasing Load Test ............................................................................................. 

Decreasing Load Test ........................................................................................... 

Radio Frequency 1nterS:rence Test ....................................................................... 

Motion-Detection Test .......................................................................................... 

Special Tests ......................................................................................................... 

Evaluation .................................................................................................................... 

Approval ............................................................................................................... 

Rejection ............................................................................................................... 

Repair .................................................................................................................... 

Removal ................................................................................................................ 

Condemnation ....................................................................................................... 

Test Reports ............................................................................................................... 

Packers and Stockyards Regional Offices ................................................................. 

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25 
Introduction 

‘l‘his publication conforms to the concept of 

primary use of International Syslem of Units 

“SI” (metric) measurements recommended in 

the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 

of 1988 by citing SI units before inch-pound 

units where both units appear together. In accordance with U.S. Department of Agriculture 

policy, the meter/liter spellings arc used in this 

document. However, the metre/liter spellings 

are acceptable. 

Regulation 20 1.7 1 issued under the Packers and 

Stockyards (P&S) Act of 192 1 incorporates by 

reference National Institute for Standards and 

Technology (NIST) Handbook 44. All scales 

subject to the P&S Act are required to meet 

applicable requirements contained in the Handbook 44. It can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402- 

9325. It also is available for inspection at the 

Federal Register Information Center, Room 

8301, 1 100 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 

This publication is a practical guide for testing 

livestock and animal scales. It explains proper 

procedures for inspecting and testing scales 

subject to the P&S Act, while following the 

requirements of Handbook 44. Each year 

Handbook 44 is subject to chang,e and adoption by State and Federal Governments. The 

currently-adopted version of Handbook 44 

should be referenced for specific legal requirements. Copies of the P&S Act and regulations 

can be obtained from any of the regional offices listtd at the end of this publication. 

Under the P&S Act, the USDA’s Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration 

(GIPSA) requires printing dcviccs on all livestock and animal scales. Inaccura.te scales are 

not permitted to be used until they have been 

repaired, retested, and found to be accurate. 

Scale owners are responsible for maintaining 

the accuracy of their scales. The scale is tested 

to determine if it is being maintained in an accurate condition. This is referred to as the “as 

found” condition. Owners are required to have 

their scales tested as found semiannually. 

These tests are done by either weights and 

measures officials or by scale testing agencies 

hired by the scale owner. Test reports are sent 

to GIPSA’s Packers and Stockyards Programs 

(P&S) regional offices, to report the “as found” 

condition, adjustments, repairs, and final test 

results. If the scale is adjusted, it must be calibrated as closely as possible to zero error. The 

test procedures in this publication are the same 

as the rcquircments in Handbook 44 and should 

be followed by private test agencies, weights 

and measures officials, and P&S personnel. 

Proper tests of livestock and animal scales require sufficient certified test weights. (Certified test weights should be traceable to “the 

National Standard of Mass”.) ‘l’est weights 

should be certified by an approved laboratory 

at least every 3 years (normally a State weights 

and measures laboratory). They should be 

maintained in appcarancc, accuracy, and suitability between periods of certification. 

A competent test can only be accomplished by 

properly trained and experienced personnel, 

using sufficient test weights, and following 

prescribed test procedures. The “as found” test 

should disclose the accuracy and performance 

of the scale under all conditions which may 

occur during actual use. Routine tests should 

not be conducted blindly by rule-of-thumb 

methods. They should be made with a thorough 

understanding of the effects of the test and the 

reaction of the various tests being conducted. 

P&S personnel provide training and teach the 

National Conference on Weights and Measures 

(NC WM) National Training Program Module 

7, “Livestock and Animal Scales,” several 

times a year. Attendance is open to all scale 

testing personnel. 

1 
Definitions 

A proper test is one that fully discloses the 

accuracy and other performance characteristics 

of the scale under all conditions which ma) 

prevail during actual use. It includes the application of loads of standard test weights in 

successive stages to the maximum capacity at 

which the scale is used; includes separate tests 

of individual components, which independently may affect weighing accuracy; demands 

a reasonably exact determination of errors 

which develop; and, finally, requires the recording in permanent form of all pertinent data devcloped during the test. 

A competent testing agency is one which employs experienced personnel and utilizes a sufficient amount of standard test weights to conduct tests in accordance with prescribed procedure. Agencies considered competent, on that 

basis, include certain weights and measures 

departments, railroad scale departments, commercial scale repair and service companies, and 

some stockyards and packers having adequate 

test equipment and employing qualified scale 

mechanics or service personnel. 

Discrimination (of an automatic-indicating 

scale). The value of the test load on the loadrec.eiving element of the scale that will produce a specified minimum change of the indicated or recorded value on the scale. 

of approximately 6 months. In instances where 

tests and inspections disclose that a scale does 

not maintain its accuracy between tests or is 

otherwise undependable, or is mechanically 

deficient as regards construction, installation, 

or maintenance, more frequent tests may be 

required. 

Livestock scale. A scale equipped with stock 

racks and gates and adapted to weighing livestock standing on the scale platform. 

Animal scale. A scale designed for weighing 

single heads of livestock. 

Sensitivity response (SR). A performance requirement for a non-automatic-indicating scale. 

SpeciGc.ally, the minimum change in the position of rest of the indicating element or elements of the scale in response to the increase 

or decrease, by a specified amount, of the test 

load on the load-receiving element of the scale. 

Shift test. A test intended to disclose the 

weighing performance of a scale under off-center loading. 

Zone of uncertainty. The zone between adjacent increments on a digital device in which 

the value of either of the adjacent increments 

may be displayed. 

A suitable interval between tests is a period 
Examination of a 

Scale Inspection 

Inspection 

The inspection phase of the examination is used 

to determine if the scale complie,s with specifications and other technical requirements relating to its design, installation, operation, 

maintenance, use, and suitability for the intended use and environment. Consideration of 

the potential for fraudulent use and abuse is 

part of the inspection process. The decision to 

accept or reject is the duty of th.e regulatory 

official. The private test agency should use 

the same criteria to select, sell, install, maintain, and repair the scale to meet these requircments. 

A proper inspection will require sound judgement to determine if the scale is appropriate 

based on each situation, intended use, and environment. You must be alert to detect fraudulent use, abuse of equipment, and inappropriate application of the scale. Scales are designed 

with specific applications in mind. Some devices are designed for a single purpose, others 

have a multitude of features which may be 

turned OFF or ON depending on the intended 

use. These features may be mandatory in one 

situation and prohibited in another. For example, a tare device is not appropriate and 

could be used to facilitate fraud on livestock 

and animal scales. The zero adjustment should 

be sufficient for most zero balance needs. 

However, a tare device may be appropriate and 

necessary if a horse and rider were on the scale 

during weighing of livestock and the zero adjustment is not sufficient to zero balance such 

a heavy load. 

New scales will require more time and effort 

to inspect than a scale that is familiar to you 

from previous experience or testing. Many 

scales will have received a National Type 

Evaluation Program (NTEP) Certificate of 

Conformance. NTEP is a cooperative program 

between the NIST, the NCWM, the States, 

scale manufacturers, and users for determining if a scale prototype conforms with the requirements of Handbook 44. The inspection 

may be easier if a Certificate of Conformance 

was issued: since you may not need to extensivcly examine certain design features on a 

NTEP evaluated scale. Remember that the Certificate of Conformance means that a model 

was examined (not all models), and you should 

at least review each applicable requirement on 

a new scale. 

Model 629R-1 O-50K-3015-S 

Class IllllllL Vmin 2.0 kg (4.4 Ibs) 

Output 2.0 mVN at 23 kg (50 Ibs) 

NTEP C of C 91-306x Serial 11445 

LOAD CELLS, INC. 

Rockville, MD 20850 Made in USA 

Illustration 1. Identification Plate 

with NTEP Certificate Number 

Manufacturers submit models of their devices 

for evaluation under the NTEP program. NIST 

or an authorized laboratory conducts the evaluation. When a device is found to meet all applicable requirements, NIST issues a Certiticate of Conformance for that device. The certificate provides details of the evaluation results and device characteristics necessary for 

inspection and use in commerce. You should 

determine if a model of the device has been 

type evaluated, and, if it has, you should review the certificate to dctcrmine which features 

have been approved. The certificate will state 

3 
the intended application of a device type. If 

you find a new or unusual device or feature on 

a device in an unusual application, it should be 

thoroughly tested to determine its appropriateness and to assure that it does not facilitate 

fraud. NCWM has issued a National Type 

Evaluation Program Index of Device Evaluations (NCWM Publication 5) to help determine 

if a particular device has been evaluated. The 

index is available from: 

NIST, Office of Weights and Measures 

P.O. Box 4025 

Gaithersburg, MD 20885 

The major arcas that must be inspected are 

as follows: 

1. ZERO-BALANCE CONDITION. Check 

the zero-load balance ‘Las found.” If the scale 

is not found in a zero-load balance condition. 

the user should be advised how to adjust the 

scale to a proper zero-load balance and maintain the scale in a proper balance condition at 

all times. The scale must be able to indicate 

and record zero balance. Dial/printer and digital/printer scales must be able to record outof-balance conditions. The scale deck should 

be clean and free of debris which might adhere 

to test equipment or otherwise cause the balance to change during the test. 

Dial and Di@nl Scnfes: On dial and digital 

scales, the indicator should display zero and 

the scale must also print the displayed zero. 

Dial scales will normally have a screwdriveradjustable balance ball that is enclosed within 

the cabinet for adjusting the indicator so it is 

directly in line with the zero defined on the 

dial face. Digital scales may have screwdriver 

knob, or push-button zero adjustments. A 

push-button zero adjustment must be operated 

or accessible only by a tool or enclosed in a 

cabinet, unless amotion detect circuit prevents 

its operation within specified limits. This prevents the operator from changing the balance 

while a load is going onto the scale during 

weighing. 

The digital scale may have an electronic circuit that automatically zeroes the scale. This is 

commonly called an Automatic Zero Setting 

Mechanism (AZSM). AZSMs have a required 

range of (+/-) 1 division on animal scales and 

(+/-) 0.6 divisions on livestock scales. P&S 

recommends that an AZSM not be operational 

since personnel operating the gates frequently 

have caused the scale to track-off weight when 

they made contact with the gates. On a digital 

scale, zero is defined as (+/-) ‘/4 division if there 

is a center-of-zero indicator or (+i-) l/z division 

without a center-of-zero indicator. All digital 

scales manufactured after January I, 1993, 

must automatically maintain a center-of-zero 

condition of (c/-> l/4 division or have an auxiliary center-of-zero indicator that defines a 

zero-balance condition to (+/-) ‘XI division. 

BeamSca[es: On beam scales, return all poises 

to the zero position. The poise should not be 

capable of going behind zero. The pant1 should 

sit firmly in the zero notch and the notch should 

not be WOIX. The normal balance positi of a 

weighbeam, with a balance indicator, is when 

the tip of the indicator points to the zero position in the central target area and the beam is 

horizontal. On a beam scale without a balance 

indicator, a zero-load balance condition is when 

the beam is equidistant between the trig loop 

stops and the beam is horizontal. The scale 

must have a zero balance adjustment that cannot shift to alter the balance condition. Ralante balls should not rotate by themselves. 

They should require a tool, normally a screwdriver to adjust them. Requiring the use of a 

tool makCS adjustments of xrro obvious arld 

PrCW-h accidental changes to the zero-load 

balance reference. Any loose material used for 

adjusting zero-load balance must be enclosed 

so it cannot shift position or be removed. ‘l‘ip 

and butt counterbalance weights slould not 

have loose nails, nuts, bolts, etc., on them. 
8 AL ANCE INDICATOR 

BEAM 

BUTT 

B AL ANCE ADJUSTING 

RACTIONAL BAR 

BEAM ROD - 

(STEELYARD) PRINTING HANDLES 

1; 

,I 

:: 

i’ *a 

.: I. 

:’ 

i: 

:I 

:I 

‘I 

!I 

1; 

!I 

i: 

II 

\ BEAM SHELF 

- BEAM SHELF PILLARS - 

SCME HOUSE FLOOR \ 

Illustration 2. Type - Registering Weigh beam 

2. INDICATING and RECORDING ELEMENTS. Scale divisions must be in a unit of 

weight equal to 1,2, or 5. They may be decimal multiples or sub-multiples of 1,2, or 5 (for 

example: .l, .2, .5,1,2,5,10,20, or 50 pounds). 

Livestock scales normally have 5 pound scale 

divisions and animal scales 1 pound scale divisions. Under special conditions, livestock 

scales may have scale divisions greater than 5 

pounds. However, weighing loads of less than 

5,000 pounds are not permitted on scales with 

10 pound divisions and weighing loads of less 

than 10,000 pounds are not permitted on scales 

with 20 pound divisions. 

Scales manufactured after January 1, 1986, 

must be marked with an Accuracy Class such 

as Class III for animal scales and Class III L 

for livestock and vehicle scales. 

Automatic indicating scales must be equipped 

with effective damping to bring the indicating elm 

ements quickly to rest (3 to 5 oscillations is desirable for dial and balance indicator type scales). 

Indicating and recording elements should be 

appropriate in design and adequate in amount. 

They should be clear, definite, accurate, and 

easily read under normal conditions. They 

should not display or record values above 105 

percent of the scale’s capacity. 

5 
The scale should be suitable for its intended 

use. This includes, but is not limited to, its 

c,apacity, the number and value of scale divisions, and minimum load capacity. 

Animal scales must have at least 500 scale divisions and not more than 10,000 divisions; 

livestock scales must have at least 2,000 divisions and not more than 10,000 divisions, To 

determine the number (n) of scale division, 

divide the scale capacity by the value of the 

scale division (d). 

ScaleCapacity = 20.000 = 4,000 

Scale Division 5 

It is recommended that livestock scales not be 

used for weighing loads of less than 50 scale 

divisions and animal scales should not be used 

for weighing loads of less than 20 scale divisions. This recommendation may be used to 

identify the need for another scale that may be 

more appropriate for the intended use. 

If a tare device has been demonstrated as being appropriate on a livestock scale, the division size must be the same as the scale division. The tare mechanism shall only operate in 

a backward direction from zero. 

Graduation on beam scales must be uniform in 

size, shape, and arrangement. They must be 

easily and accurately read. Notches should not 

be worn and the r,eading edge of the poise 

should be sharply defined and parallel to the 

beam’s graduations. Material used for adjusting the weight of the poise must be contained 

and firmly fastened in place. 

Parallax conditions on balance indicators and 

dials must be reduced to a practical minimum. 

The clearance between the index of the indicator and the graduations may not be more than 

1.5 mm (0.06 inch). 

Indications and recordings must agree with one 

another. In other words, the digital indicator 

must agree with the printer, scoreboard, and 

remote indicators. P&S recommends the 

scoreboard and remote indicators display the 

signal sent to the printer. This prevents disagreement among buyer, seller, and 

weighmaster. 

All scales are required to be marked with the 

manufacturer’s name, initials, or trademark and 

the model designation of the device. This information must be located so that it is readily 

observable without having to use a tool to disassemble a part of the scale. Scales manufactured after January 1, 1968, must be marked 

with a nonrepetitive serial number. Those 

manufactured after January 1, 1977, should 

have all controls marked. The accuracy class, 

scale capacity, sectional capacity, and concentrated load capacity (CLC) must be marked on 

scales manufactured after January 1,1986. The 

identification plate with this information should 

be permanently attached to the device. Rivets 

are acceptable but screws are not considered 

permanent. A pressure-sensitive Iabel is acceptable if it cannot be removed without being 

destroyed or distorted in appearance so that it 

cannot be reused, 

Adjustable components that can affect the performance of an electronic scale are required to 

he sealed with a security seal. These components should be located inside the housing of 

the scale indicator. 

It is impossible to list all the inappropriate conditions for a scale; you must be alert and sensitive to the application and intended use for each 

situation. Ask yourselfi Does this scale make 

sense in this situation? Does the device meet 

the requirements of this use? Js the environment appropriate for this scale? Are these features needed to perform and get accurate weighing results? 

6 
3. INSTALLATION. The scale must be designed and installed in such a way that it is 

protected from environmental hazards. Foundations and supports of the scale must be installed according to the scale manufacturer’s 

instructions and specifications. All elements 

and mechanisms should be installed and maintained in a plumb and level condition. They 

should be sufficiently strong, rigid, and permanent for the purpose. There must be adequate 

clearances between the scale and surrounding 

walls to prevent any contact between the two, 

either during a weighing or when the deck is 

empty. 

Load cells installed in the steelyard should be 

installed in the scale pit to protect it from environmental problems, such as being bumped, 

exposure to space heaters, etc. The load cell 

cable should be routed in the scale pit to the 

indicator so that it does not interfere with other 

backup weighing systems. 

The ON/OFF approaches to the scale should 

be on the same plane as the scale deck. If the 

scale is installed in a way that makes it impractical to test in a normal manner, it is the 

scale owner’s responsibility to supply labor and 

facilities to permit testing. 

Illustration 3. Electra-Lever Installation 
The weighmaster should have a clear view of 

the indicator, scale platform, and gates. If the 

weighmaster’s view is obstructed, there must 

be a convenient and permanent communication link between the weighmaster and the loadreceiving element. A video surveillance camera and monitor may serve the purpose. 

Most livestock and animal scales are designed 

to have a pit underneath the scale deck that allows access to the weighing elements. A clearance height of at least 48 inches is recommended as the minimum for ready access. At 

least one electrical outlet should be in each pit, 

so that a light cord can be plugged in for inspection, repair, and cleaning. The depth of the 

pit may vary in those States with a Pit Law. 

Pit-Less and Pit Scales: The cost savings associated with pit-less scales may not be realized in the livestock industry. Pit-less scales 

require special attention. There may be problems with: (a) poor access for cleaning; (b) the 

scale binding due to an accumulation of dirt 

and debris; (c) lack of access to inspect, adjust, replace, or repair load cells; and (d) ramps 

that are too steep and unsafe for loading and 

unloading livestock or test weights. The design of pit-less scales should be such that binding conditions caused by a build-up of debris 

can be controlled by a reasonable amount of 

housekeeping and cleaning. 

The scale pit should be of a design that can easily be kept clean. It should be free of standing 

SECTION 1

MAIN 

LEVER 

Zllustrution 4. Two-Section Scale 

8 

-- 
water and any build-up of dirt or debris that 

might interfere with live components of the 

scale. A pit depth of 48 inches and a floor sloping toward a drain or sump is most desirable. 

These recommendations should be sufficient 

to meet most housekeeping needs. Some states 

have additional requirements for scale pits. 

4. STOCK RACKS, GATES, and SCALE 

DECK. Livestock and animal scales must have 

stock racks and gates to contain the animals 

being weighed. They must be firmly anchored 

to the scale platform in a way that assures adequate clearance all around, and must be fenced 

or walled to prevent interference during weighing. Racks must be substantial, whether made 

of wood or metal. The necessary entrance and 

exit gates must have positive latches. There 

should be at least a 12.5 mm (% inch) and not 

more than 25 mm (1 inch) clearance between 

the pit wall and deck coping and a 75 mm (3 

inch) clearance around adjacent structures. The 

outside edges of the deck should be beveled 

“X” BRACE ON TOP OF RACK 

LEVER SYSTEM NOT 

SHOWN WlLL VARY 

WITH MFG. 

.-d-e. ---a. 

END VIEW 

toward the deck (undercut) to prevent debris 

from binding. The deck should be made of a 

suitable material, with a surface that provides 

appropriate traction for livestock, while considering the need to clean the deck as well as 

the ability to move test equipment. 

5. WEIGHING ELEMENTS. The weighing elements must be designed in a way that 

minimizes friction, and reduces the likelihood 

of parts being dislodged accidentally. Pivots 

should be sharpened to a knife edge and be of 

hardened steel, and each should be opposed by 

a bearing of suitable shape. The nose-iron must 

be held locked in place by a set screw, bolt, or 

nut. On scales with a capacity over 1,000 kg 

(2,000 lbs.) the position of a nose-iron must be 

defined accurately, clearly, and permanently as 

determined by the factory adjustment. Adjustable parts must be securely held in adjustment. 

On electronic scales, this means that the potentiometer located in junction boxes or in the 

indicator must be secured so that its adjustment 

ADDITIONAL VERTICAL UPRIGHTS MAY 

BE NECESSARY IN PLATFORMS OVER 

4.2 m (14 FT.) IN LENGTH 

SLOPE TO DRAIN I SUMP r 

PIERS & FOUNDATWN 

MUST BE IN 

ACCORDANCE WITH 

SCALE MFG. 

(f CLEARANCE ON ALL 

1 

SIDES NOT LESS 

THANl.2 cm (ll;r? AND 

NOT MORE THAN 

2.5 cm (1”) AT GATE 

OPENING 

4 

SIDE VIEW 

Tllustration 5. Livestock Scale 
position cannot change easily in normal use. 

With total electronic scales the load cells should 

be installed so that they may be readily accessed for inspection, repair, or replacement. 

An electro-mechanical scale with the load cell 

in the steelyard should be installed in the scale 

pit. The load cell cable should be installed and 

routed in a manner to prevent it from interfering or binding with live parts such as levers, 

steelyards, etc. 

6. SUITABILITY OF LOAD CELLS. 

Electronic livestock and animal scales are either total electronic or electro-mechanical systems. Load cells must be adequate for the intended use. NTEP load cells will be marked 

with a Vlllin value and ?Y’ or “M” for singlecell or multiple-cell application. Single C‘S”) 

cells can be used in both single-cell or mulSIDE WALLS 

tiple-cell applications but multiple (“M”) cells 

can be used only in multiple-cell applications. 

The load cell is appropriate for use without 

levers if it meets the following formula: 

d = the scale division 

N = the number of load ceils 

The load cell is appropriate for use with 

if it meets the following formula: 

L,,, 5 d 

Tx{scale-multiple) 

d = the scale division 

N = the number of load cells 

SCALE DECK 

10 
7. MAINTENANCE, USE, and ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. Inspection should 

verify that the scale is being maintained in 

proper operating condition and is operated only 

in the manner for which it is designed. None 

of the design or operational features of the scale 

should facilitate the perpetration of fraud. It 

should be suitable for the intended use and adequately protected from the effects of environmental factors. The installation should be according to the manufacturer’s specification. 

The scale system should be kept clean and free 

of dirt, debris, and standing water in the pit. 

Faulty or worn parts must be replaced and the 

scale should always be maintained in proper 

operating condition. The scale should not be 

modified in a manner different than recommended by the manufacturer or other competent engineering authority. 

8. ASSISTANCE. In some situations, it may 

be necessary to ask the owner or operator of 

the scale to supply labor, accessories, or special equipment in order to properly conduct the 

scale test. Assistance may be necessary because 

of the construction or location of the scale. You 

may require a forklift, front-end loader, or the 

manpower necessary to position and remove 

test weights. The owner may make modifications to the facility to correct the situation by 

replacing nailed-down cleats with a hinged grid 

for cattle traction, or by installing additional 

gates or doors for easier access to the scale. 

Pretest Determinations 

Pretest determinations identify tolerances and 

other appropriate test factors to be applied to 

the scale. A scale that would always weigh 

without error would be ideal. Since perfection 

is not often attained, regulations set a limit on 

the amount of error allowed. The amount of 

error allowed is the tolerance for commercially 

used scales. All tolerances apply equally to 

over-registration (weighing heavy) and to under-registration (weighing light). 

Tolerances were established primarily for use 

by regulatory officials. They should not be 

used to adjust a scale so buyers or sellers benefit from scale errors. Handbook 44 requires 

adjustments be made to bring the scale as close 

as possible to zero error. It also requires owners and users to properly maintain the scale. 

Tolerances are applied to all indications and 

recorded representation of the scale. Recorded 

representations include printed and recorded 

weight values that might be found on scale tickets, automatically recorded invoices, computergenerated electronic records, etc. 

ACCEPTANCE and MAINTENANCE 

TOLERANCES. New scales and recently repaired scales should have smaller errors than 

those that have been in service for a period of 

time. The accuracy of a scale usually deteriorates with use. 

Acceptance Tolerances apply to: (1) new 

scales not yet in service, (2) the first official 

test of a scale put in service within the past 30 

days, (3) the first test on a scale returned to 

service in the past 30 days following an oflicial rejection and repair, and (4) the first test 

on a scale returned to service in the past 30 days 

following major reconditioning or overhaul. 

Maintenance Tolerances apply to all other 

tests. Generally, Acceptance Tolerances are 

one-half (l/2) the Maintenance Tolerance. 

Absolute Maintenance Tolerances 3pply to 

shift tests on livestock and animal scales. When 

you compare the error in one section to the others or when you compare one corner to the others, the difference between them cannot be 

greater than the Maintenance Tolerance for that 

test load. 

11 
TOLERANCE TESTING and ERROR 

WEIGHT TESTING. There are two methods of determining if a scale is in or out of tolerance. 

Tolerance Testing is conducted when maintenance tolerances are applied to dial-printer 

and digital-printer scales. Tolerance testing 

does not determine the actual error in the scale, 

it determines if the error is within the prescribed 

tolerance. Since acceptance tolerances are onehalf the maintenance tolerance, their values are 

not always whole numbers. They are combinations of whole numbers and/or fractions, 

such as l/z (d), I*% (d), 2!4 (d), etc. When fractions of a division are part of the tolerance, error weight testing procedures must be followed 

to determine the fractional error. 

Error Weight Testing determines the actual 

amount of error in the scale and we compare it 

to the tolerance. If the error is less than the 

tolerance, the scale is accurate; if not, the scale 

is inaccurate. By adding small-denomination 

error weights to the platform, the amount of 

under-registration is determined. By removing 

small-denomination error weights from the 

platform, the amount of over-registration is 

determined. Error weight testing is conducted 

on beam scales and dial scales without a printer 

and on automatic indicating or recording scales 

when applying acceptance tolerances. 

Tolerances. Scales manufactured after January 1, 1986, are required to be marked with an 

accuracy class of III for animal scales and III 

I_ for livestock scales. There are different tolerances for Non-Marked, Marked Class III, and 

Marked Class III L animal and livestock scales. 

You must be alert to the type of scale prior to 

determining the correct tolerance that will be 

applied, Tolerances are not reprinted in this 

publication. Refer to the currently adopted 

version of Handbook 44 for correct tolerances, or contact the nearest P&S regional 

office. 

Test 

The test determines if the scale complies with 

performance requirements. P&S reguIations 

define a proper test as one which “ . ..fully discloses the accuracy and other performance 

characteristics of the scale under all conditions 

which may prevail during actual use...” This 

at the very least implies that any method of 

test which simulates actual use may be conducted when testing a scale for accuracy and 

performance. The following test procedures 

have been developed based on critical areas 

where scales have frequently failed to yield 

accurate weights or perform as intended. 

Weighing of live animals is not the same as 

weighing static loads. Since the load is dynamic, special considerations are given to this 

weighing application. Additionally, these procedures correspond to scale repair calibration 

procedures; for example, all sections or corners must have the same error prior to making 

any other adjustments to the scale. 

The following procedures are the minimum necessary to meet the requirements of a proper test: 

1. ZERO-LOAD BALANCE TEST is conducted each time the test load is removed from 

the scale platform. The zero-load balance 

should not change by more than the minimum 

tolerance for this scale. Repeatability is important at all test points. It is particularly important at zero because zero is the reference 

point from which all measurements and adjustments are made. It should be conducted at the 

beginning with a zero load, after the Shift Test 

and at the end of the Scale Test. Regardless of 

the type of scale being tested, balance weights 

equal to or greater than the maximum tolerance that may be applied are placed on the scale 

and the scale is balanced to zero. Thcsc balance weights will be used for the sensitivity 

test or the discrimination test at zero-load and 

at the maximum test load. The balance weights 

12 
are necessary to determine the amount of under-registration at zero-load or the amount of 

over-registration at maximum load on automatic indicating scales. They are used to determine the actual amount of error on beam 

scales. 

2. SENSITIVITY TEST is conducted on beam 

scales only. This test is conducted at zero-load 

balance and maximum test load. The sensitivity 

requirement (SR) is the load that will produce a 

specified minimum change in the position of the 

indicating element (weighbeam or balance indicator). It displays the sensitivity of the scale. A 

scale that is too sensitive is difficult, if not impossible, to weigh live animals on. A scale that 

is not sensitive may not weigh to its minimum 

scale division. The test is conducted with the 

scale in a balance condition. 

On scales without a balance indicator, balance 

weights are added or removed to bring the beam 

to rest at the top or bottom of the trig loop. A 

maximum of two divisions of test weight 

should produce the required change. 

On scales with a balance indicator, as balance 

weights equal to one division are added or removed from the scale platform, the indicator 

should move to the opposite edge from one end 

to the other of the central target area or move 

one division on a graduated scale. 

3. DISCRIMINATION TEST is to dial and 

digital scales as SR is to beam scales. It is a 

test to determine the amount of load change 

required to change the indication from one division to another. It is a test for “rounding” 

capability, and for verification of the “Zoneof-uncertainty.” The test is required on automatic indicating scales manufactured after 

January 1, 1986. The test is conducted when 

environmental conditions such as wind and 

weather will not affect the results obtained. 

1 st 

2nd 3rd 

SR equals the amaunt of weight to cuusc the indicator 

to mave from one edge to the other edge of the indicator. 

Illustration 7. Smsitivity Test 

13 

- 
It is conducted on digital scales below the edge 

of the zone-of-uncertainty for increase load 

tests or above the zone-of-uncertainty for decrease load tests. The test is conducted at zeroload balance and at maximum test load. Smalldenomination weights are added or removed 

until the displayed weight changes and is 

stable; the scale is now at the upper or lower 

edge of the Zone-of-Uncertainty. A load of 

1.4 divisions, either added or removed, should 

cause a change in the indicated weight by two 

divisions. This is an important test to determine suitability for weighing animals to the 

nearest scale division. 

4. SHIFT TEST is conducted to verify the 

weighing performance of a scale under off-center loading conditions. There are three types 

of Shift Test: 

1 

> 

1 

4 

‘ 

Load-Bearing 

Points 

Cl 2 

: 

2 

cl 3 

Illustration 8. Two-Section Scale Illustration 9. Three-Section Scale 

End Tests are done on animal scales with half 

capacity test loads on each end of the scale 

deck. Corner Tests may be difficult but may 

be conducted at % capacity. 

Comer Tests or Main Bearing Tests are made 

on two section scales. A test load of % of 

scale capacity is successively placed on each 

of the four corners or over the main bearings. 

Section Tests are made on scales with more 

than two sections. Each section is tested with 

at least two different test loads on each section 

of the scale. For example, load and test each 

section at ‘/2 Concentrated Load Capacity 

(CLC), which might be 5,000 kg (10,000 lbs). 

Then load and test each section at CLC, which 

might be 10,000 kg (20,000 lbs). The test loads 

are distributed in an area at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) 

long and the width of the platform. The maximum test load in the Section Test should not 

exceed the CLC marked on the scale. It should 

not exceed the marked sectional capacity on 

scales installed prior to January 1, 1989. 

I 

1 I LoadBearing 

L!k Points 

6 

1 

5. INCREASING LOAD TEST is conducted 

on all scales with the test load centered or distributed evenly on the deck. The scale should 

be tested to its used capacity. Test weights 

should be distributed so that sectional load limits are not exceeded. 

14 
GIPSA Scale Co. 

MODEL 1995A 

Serial Number 3414s 

Capacity 13,600 kg x 2 kg 

CLC 9,000 kg 

(Capacity 30,000 Ibs x 5 Ibs.) 

(CLC 20,000 Ibs) 

CLASS Ill/lllL 

Illustration 10. Do Not Exceed Capacities 

Beam scales: Begin by testing the fractional 

poise at zero, then at !A capacity and at full capacity, on a 2 kg (5 lb.) division scale this would 

be at zero, 25 kg (50 lb.), and at beam capacity. Next, test each 50 kg (100 lb.) notch 

through 500 kg (1000 lbs.). Testing each of the 

notches through 500 kg (1000 lbs.) should not 

be compromised on beam scales. These 

notches are the most frequently used and are 

subject to the most wear. It is suggested that 

you test other notches based on the year. For 

example, in 1998 test the 1800,2800,3&00 etc., 

notches, then in 1999, test the 1900, 2900, 

3900: etc., notches. If this recommendation is 

followed, every 10 years all of the main notches 

will be tested. 

Dial scales: The test should be made every 50 

kg (100 lb.) through 500 kg (1000 Ibs.) and 

then each quarter of the dial should be tested. 

If drop weights or unit weights are in use, test 

at least the first unit weight. Tare bars are not 

always considered appropriate on livestock and 

animal scales, but if they exist they should be 

tested at zero, % capacity, and full capacity. 

Test at Zero, 112 Capacity 

L Capacity 

Fractional Bar 

Illustration 1 I. Notched Weighbeam 

15 
Digital scales: Several tests (at least three) 

should be made between zero and 500 kg 

(1,000 lbs.) and then at larger test loads to dctermine linear errors, for example, 2500,5000, 

7500, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000. etc. 

6. DECREASING LOAD TEST is made on 

all dial and digital scales with test loads distributed equalIy or centered on the scale platform in the following manner: 

On scales manufactured after January 1, 1986, 

marked with an Accuracy Class III and with 

1,000 or more scale divisions, the test is made 

at each toIerance break point. For example, an 

animal scale marked Class III with a capacity 

of 2,500 kg (5,000 pounds) with % kg (1 lb.) 

scale divisions, the decreasing load test is conducted at 2,000 kg (4,000 pounds), 1,000 kg 

(2,000 pounds), and 250 kg (500 pounds). 

All other scales are tested at one-half of the 

maximum test load applied during the increasing load test. 

7. RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE TEST (RFI) is made to determine if 

Radio Frequency will adversely affect weighing accuracy. Under the same conditions, tests 

for electro-magnetic Interference may be conducted. These tests are conducted only if this 

type of equipment is in use at or near the scale. 

8. MOTION-DETECTION TEST is made 

to determine if the range of motion detection 

is within prescribed limits and that its operation is suitable for the intended use. The test is 

conducted by putting a known weight on the 

scale deck and causing motion. The test can 

be conducted using test weight and, if possible, 

live animals. If livestock is used, the live animals are weighed individually in a static condition. Their individual weights arc obtained 

and totaled. Next, they are weighed as a group 

in a static condition. Last, they are put in motion and weighed repeatedly on the digital 

scale. Either with test weights or live animals, 

when changes in the displayed weight are 

greater than the motion-detection requirement, 

the printer is activated. No printed weight values should be obtained greater than plus or 

minus one scale division on animal scales and 

plus or minus three scale divisions on livestock 

scales. 

NOTE: Motion detection capabilities do 

not relieve the weighmaster of the responsibility to “weigh accurately to the nearest 

weight value that can be recorded.” 

The weighmaster is required to print the weight 

after the load has stabilized. Motion detection 

circuits have been installed, in order to limit 

the amount of false weight that can be printed. 

The weighmaster’s duty begins when the load 

has stabilized and is within the range of motion detection. Scale operators are then required to determine and print the accurate 

weight of the load: not plus or minus 3 divisions of the actual weight. Therefore, printing 

devices which remove this ability by automatically printing when the load is within the range 

are not considered suitable for weighing livestock. 

9. SPECIAL TESTS should be made when 

unusual conditions exist that cannot be checked 

by following normal test procedures. These 

conditions may be due to a special design or 

an unusual condition of use. Computers interfaced with weighing devices frequently require 

special tests to determine if the system renders 

accurate weights or the design is such that it 

does not facilitate fraud. When conducting 

special tests follow the definition: “A Proper 

test is one which fully discloses the accuracy 

and other performance characteristics of the 

scale under all conditions which may prevail 

during actual use.” 

16 
Evaluation 

Upon completion of the inspection, pretest determination, and test, an evaluation is made to 

determine if the scale is suitable (correct) or 

not suitable (incorrect) for commercial weighing. Only the regulatory official is authorized 

to approve or reject a scale from commercial 

use. Scale owners are required to have their 

scales tested semiannually. These tests are 

conducted by Weights and Measures officials 

and/or the owner hires a private test agency to 

conduct the test “as found” and submit the report to P&S for approval or rejection. If the 

“as found” test discloses that the scale is “incorrect,” it will be rejected until repairs have 

been made. It shall not be used until it has 

been inspected and tested and found to be “correct.” Normally, the private test agency is also 

a scale repair company and capable of correcting the scale. In such cases the scale test report might display: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

the “as found” condition of the scale; 

the adjustments or repairs made to the 

scale; and 

the retesting showing it is now “correct” 

and suitable for commercial use. 

Private test agencies that have been hired to 

sell, install, repair, or maintain the scale need 

to know if a scale meets or does not meet the 

requirements for commercial use. 

The evaluation will result in action being taken 

to approve, reject, repair, remove, or condemn. 

The action taken is based on the test report information submitted. 

1. APPROVAL of a scale means all appropriate inspection and tolerance requirements have 

been met. Such a device is considered “correct.” The scale may be used for commercial 

weighing, subject to semiannual testing. 

2. REJECTION of a scale means it does not 

meet one or more of the inspection and tolerance requirements. Such a device is considered “incorrect” and is rejected until it has been 

found “correct.” If the scale does not meet any 

performance requirement and it gives inaccurate weight, it is rejected and must be removed 

from commercial use until it has been repaired 

and found “correct.” 

3. REPAIR is required before an “incorrect” 

scale can be used for commercial purposes. 

Repairs may be made to correct accuracy or 

performance requirements, or they may be 

made to correct a specification or user requirement. Repair of a scale is the responsibility 

and duty of qualified technicians; repairs 

should not be made by the regulatory officials, 

scale owners. or users. 

4. REMOVAL may bc necessary for a scale 

that is “incorrect,” since it could be used either 

by mistake or intentionally to obtain an incorrect weight. 

5. CONDEMNATION of a scale is the final 

official action to reflect that a scale is beyond 

suitable repair. Such scales are either removed, 

destroyed, or confiscated by the regulatory official. 

17 
Test Reports 8. List the name of the scale manufacturer of 

the beam, dial, or digital indicator. 

Test reports are required to be completed on 

official forms supplied by P&S or other exempt forms that supply substantially the same 

information. Copies of the forms are supplied 

free of charge to scale test personnel. An original and two carbon copies of the report must 

be prepared. A copy should be forwarded to 

the P&S regional office. One copy is for the 

scale owner and one is for the scare testing 

agency. 

Separate test report forms should be completed 

for each indicator, when multiple indicators are 

attached to a single platform or when a single 

indicator is attached to multiple platforms. 

Backun scales should be tested each time the 

primary scale is tested. If they are not tested, 

they should be 3 

The following explains each block of information to be completed on the scale test report 

forms: 

1. The page number is normally 1 of 1. If 

additional space is needed or when testing multiple indicator/platform installations, number 

pages 2 of 2 , etc. 

2. Complete the name, address, city, state, and 

ZIP code of the scale test agency; you may wish 

to include phone numbers. 

3-7. Fill in the name of the scale owner and 

the address, city, county, and state where the 

scale is located. Directional addresses may be 

helpful in rural locations. 

9. Identify, from the I.D. plate, the model number of the indicator as designated by the manufacturer. 

10. Copy the serial number of the indicator 

found on the I.D. plate. 

11. Check the block as to the type of indicator 

and if it has printing capabilities. 

12. Fill in the name of the manufacturer of the 

balance indicator installed on beam scales. 

13. Determine the pit depth of the scale. 

14. List the type or design of the lever system 

or load cell. Examples: “S” or straight; “A” or 

truss; pipe; pipe and load cell; 4-cells; &cells; 

etc. 

15. Determine the scale capacity (maximum 

nominal capacity). 

16. Determine the minimum scale division. 

17. Check the block if the scale is non-marked, 

or marked III or III L. It may be marked as 

both III and III L. 

18-20. Inside the rack, measure and multiply 

the length times the width for platform size in 

square meters or square feet. Use this chart 

with the platform size to determine the used 

capacity: 

18 
Livestock Scales Used Capacity 

Cattle 

Hogs and 

Calves 

Sheep and 

Lambs 

1 square meter I square foot 

(m?) (sq. ft.) 

540 kg. 110 Ibs. 

340 kg. 70 lbs. 

240kg. 50 Ibs. 

Examples. 

3m x 2%m = 10 rn? 

10 x 540 kg = 5,400 kg Used C’apacity 

14’ x 8’ = II2 sq. ft. 

I12 x I IO lb. = 12,320 lbs. lAed Capucity 

21. Check each of the accessories as part of 

the scale. 

22. Fill in your observation and opinion as to 

the access to the scale for testing. 

23. The date you are testing the scale. 

24. The date the scale was last tested. 

25. The housekeeping and maintenance condition of the scale. 

26. This is for use bv Weiehts and Measures 

officials only. 

27. Fill in the SR on beam scales or the discrimination on dial and digital scales, at zero 

and maximum test loads. 

28. Complete the range (plus - minus) at 

which motion detection prevents printing of 

weight values. 

29. Complete the range (plus - minus) at 

which the scale will automatically re-zero minor balance changes. 

30. It is important that you fill out the test report in the sequence and in the manner you conducted the test. If you begin a test and determine that the scale is defective, and then correct the defective condition, record this in sequence on the test report. 

(1) The location or position on the 

platform of the test weights. 

(2) The amount of test weights on 

the scale. 

(3) The amount of correction weights 

used to balance the scale at zero load. 

(4) On beam scales: the amount of error 

weights, added or removed, to balance the 

scale. On dial and digital scales: the indicated or printed weight. 

3 1. Use the “Remarks” section for needed 

explanations, comments, adjustment you 

made, recommendations needed to correct 

a defective condition, etc. 

32. Obtain the signature of the owner or responsible person acknowledging that they have 

received a copy of the “Test Report.” 

33. The signature of the scale inspector or 

person(s) testing the scale. 

You were hired by the scale owner to follow 

established test procedures. 

19 
TEST AGENCY (Name. addrem. city. date, rip m&l SCALE OWNER 0 3 

0 

ADDRESS 

2 

ZERO LOAD = 0 MonoNDETEcTKHl SM (aummo) 

Lb MAXIMUM LOAD = Lb RANGE : Lb. FIANGE = 

Lb 

I I r 

TEST WEtGHTS 

--q-F 

, 

I 

sAL*NcE ERROR WElGlTrS 

WEK;HlS OR 

tPound5.l *IoIwlED W-r 

0) (41 

ERROR 

cola-4 

IPWndn) 

1% 

BALANCE 

WEIGHTS 

(Pwnds) 

(3) 

ERROR WEKjHTS 

OR 

INDICATED WT 

(4) 

ERROR 

mL.3.4 

(Pwnds) 

6) 

21 
EXPLANATION OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

TEST WEIGHT POSlTlON (Comers and Sections). 

The corners and sections of a scale platform are designated as shown rn dragrams below when an observer 1s standmg 

In the werghing posltion facing the scale platform. 

SR iS a measure of the sensitiveness of a scale and is defined as the change in load required to change the poslbon of rest 

Of the indicator a definite amount. The term SR does not apply to automatic indicating scales. 

ERRORS. 

If the scale indication exceeds the value of the applied test load (overregrstratiorrJ the error is designated as plus ( + 1. If 

the scale indication is less than the value of the applied test load (underregistration) the error is designated as minus (-). 

SUGGESTIONS TO OWNERS OF LIVESTOCK SCALES 

The following suggestlons and recommendations are offered In the interest of improving maintenance and livestock weighmg 

practices. 

3. 

4. 

VISIBILlTY. 5. STOCK RACKS. 

The weighbeam. dial or digital instrument should be 

located so that the weighmaster has a full and 

unobstructed view of the ptatform, stockracks and 

gates. 

Stock racks should be of substantial wooden or steel 

construction, and be firmly anchored to the platform. 

The werghbeam, dial, or digrtal instrument should be 

located so that the weighing will be done In full view of 

the interested padres. 

Stock racks should have a clearance of at least 3 

inches from all adjacent structures and have adequate 

side protection to prevent interference durrng the 

weighing, 

INSTALLATION. 

Careful installation by a competent scale mechanic will 

tend to reduce maintenance costs and improve 

weighing accuracy. Scales are preas~on dewces and 

require regular maintenance to assure continued 

accuracy. 

Entrance and exit gates on stock racks should swing 

freely and have posltrve latches. The preferred location 

of gates is at the ends of the platiorm rather than the 

sides. 

6. MAINTENANCE 

The scale should be regularly serviced by a competent 

scale mechanic. 

Heady access to the scale pit should be provrded 

through the neck of the pit or by an outside entrance. The lever system and structural steel in the prt should 

be kept well painted. 

For a fully electronic load cell scale, access to the 

weighing elements (load calls) must be provided for the 

purpose ol inspection and maintenance of the weighrng 

elements. 

Pivots and bearings should be packed with a protectcve 

grease. Periodically this grease shoutd be removed 

and the pivots repacked. 

APPROACHES. 

Approaches should be level and on the same plane as 

the scale platform. 

Weighbeam notches and poises should be kept Clean. 

The weighbeam should be protected by a fabric Cover 

when not in use. 

SCALE PLATFORM. 7. TESTING 

The scale platform should be waterproof. 

Concrete platforms, scored or well roughened, are 

recommended. 

Scales must be tested at least twice a year by a 

competent scale testing agency. 

Adequate prow&n should be made for access of the 

testtng equmment to the scale. 

Where cleats are used. they should be of metal or 

sturdy wooden constructton in the form ot a hinged 

grid. 

Clearance around edges of platform should be not less 

than l/2 cnch, and edges should be undercut. 

22 

- 
P.eymVbrequlredinw~ta~etittt$tsw*(Kli%Ktion, hvcbrrn~on~tor~~cur~~~tlke maybe FORM APPROVED. OMB NO 058b00 15 

weghed (Y tFl201 74). Information hefd canfidenbd ffR 201.96). 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P&k rqmtmg tuden for thn cdlection of rnfcumrtrm aewnated to average 25 PAGE MO 

GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND STDCKYAFIDS ADMINW’UATION hours per rtspome. Including tts tmc fa review-q itwwctmm searching l ristmg 

PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS wwx;RpJns &a*11 rqurces. gmherinp and maintunirq the data nedsd. and ccmwktlng and 

the form M cmmems regard8 

LIVESTOCK SCALE TEST REPORT z!! thiscdktion ~‘in,omathm,ind 3 

this burden esumrre 01 my other 

mgrvgpnuaafor redwing the 

buden, to USOA, OIRM, Clcam-~~e Officer, Room 404-W. Washington. OC 20250. 

when redvina &et to the OYO Humbar and Fm Number on vow lemef 

TEST DATE DATE LAST TESTED CONOlTlOu Of TEST REWL7S 

MO DA YR MO DA YR 3 Gales nd Racks 04 &n T&L405 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

kmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. 

l--JAPPnoVW q coNmm 2.WbCk 

112 /(O 9(d 

. . . 

Id z/r’ 9(7’3-PII C/g& 4WJ YDay 

~IRuEcTED j-JoTnw 

TEST MTA 

. 

SI 6kwllwdy Reapow) OF@SCRIMINATiON TEd II 

ZERO LOAD = ).1/g] = 10 Lb. MAXIMUM LOAD = 1. q&j) =&Lb. 

TEST WEIGHTS EaALANCE ERROR WEIGHTS ERROR 

WEIGHTS OR mL 3.4 

POSITKIN POUND!i (PoUti) INDUXTEED WT. (Pounds) 

II, (2, (3) (4) (5.1 

ERROR W,Xi”TS 

INDICATED WT. 

r 

700 20 700 0 

REMARKS 

- 
24 
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its 

programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communcation of 

program information (braille,large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA 

Office of Communications at (202) 720-2791. 

To tile a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720- 1 127 (TDD). 

USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.