Agricultural Refrigerated 

Truck Quarterly

Contents: 

Regulatory News 

and Updates

Feature Article

National Summary

 Truck Rates

 Truck Availability

Regional Markets

 Shipments

 U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices

 California

Quarterly Overview

Contact Information

Terms and References

 Mexico

 Southeast

A quarterly publication of the Agricultural Marketing Service

www.ams.usda.gov/RTQ

2nd Quarter, 2017

April—June

 Florida

 Pacific Northwest

Regulatory News and Updates

FMCSA to Provide 90-day Temporary Waiver from ELD Requirement for 

Agricultural Commodities

On November 20, 2017, in advance of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s (FMCSA) December 18, 

2017—the implementation deadline for the electronic logging device (ELD) 

rule—FMCSA announced it will provide a 90-day temporary waiver from the 

ELD requirement for transporters of agricultural commodities. The waiver was 

provided in order to ease the transition of motor carriers to the rule. In the 

announcement, FMCSA said it will provide additional guidance related to enforcement procedures during the ELD transition, such as the existing Hours-of

-Service exemption for the agricultural industry and guidance on the 

“personal conveyance” provision. FMCSA said the new guidance on the existing 150 air miles hours-of-service agricultural exemption will be provided to 

improve clarity for both law enforcement and the agricultural industry and 

allow the agricultural industry to maximize the use of this statutory exemption. FMCSA will consider comments received before publishing the final guidance.

EPA Proposes to Repeal the Emission Requirements for Glider Vehicles, 

Glider Engines, and Glider Kits

On November 16, 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed

to repeal the application of the Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck Phase II 

Greenhouse Gas Emission and Fuel Efficiency Standards for the glider industry. Gliders are a specially manufactured type of heavy duty highway vehicle 

assembled from newly manufactured kits that include the vehicle’s frame and 

cab to which a used engine, transmission, and axles are added. EPA estimates 

that about 10,000 gliders are manufactured annually, comprising less than 5 

percent of the Class 8 heavy-duty highway truck market. Comments can be 

viewed in regulations.gov Docket No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2014–0827.

Court Grants TTMA Request to Delay the Effectiveness of EPA and NHTSA 

Trailer Standards

On October 27, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 

Circuit granted the Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association’s (TTMA) request 

to stay the January 1, 2018, effectiveness of the trailer standards in the 
Page 2 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Greenhouse Gas and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Engines and Vehicles—Phase 2 final rule, pending 

court review. The trailer standards require trailer manufacturers to provide aerodynamic equipment, 

low rolling resistant tires, and tire pressure monitoring or automatic tire inflation systems beginning 

with model year 2018, even when trailer buyers do not want or need these accessories. The trailer accessories are designed to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption of tractor-trailer 

combinations when they are traveling at highway speeds. Previous TTMA comments expressed strong 

concerns about EPA’s and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s statutory authority to regulate trailers, trailer accessories, and trailer manufacturers, and the trailer operational assumptions made 

by EPA and NHTSA in the rule.

USDOT Releases 2016 Fatal Traffic Crash Data

On October 6, 2017, U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released fatal traffic crash data for calendar year 2016. There were 4,317 fatalities in 

crashes involving large trucks, 5.4 percent more fatalities than in 2015, the highest since 2007. Of the 

4,317 fatalities, 722 (16.7 percent) were occupants of large trucks, 10.8 percent were non-occupants, 

and 72.4 percent were occupants of other vehicles.

FMCSA and FRA Withdraw Proposed Rulemaking on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

On August 8, 2017, FMCSA and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) withdrew the March 10, 2016, 

advance notice of proposed rulemaking concerning the prevalence of moderate-to-severe obstructive 

sleep apnea (OSA) among individuals occupying safety sensitive positions in highway and rail transportation and its potential consequences for the safety of highway and rail transportation. FMCSA and FRA 

have decided to not issue a notice of proposed rulemaking at this time and believe the current safety 

programs and FRA’s rulemaking addressing fatigue risk management are appropriate avenues to address OSA.

FMCSA Rulemaking Procedures Update

On August 7, 2017, FMCSA proposed to amend its rulemaking procedures by revising the process for 

preparing and adopting rules, petitions, and direct final rules. FMCSA also proposed adding new definitions, and general administrative corrections throughout its rulemaking procedures. These proposed 

actions are authorized under the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act and the Administrative 

Procedure Act. Comments can be viewed in regulations.gov Docket No. FMCSA–2016–0341. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 3

Quarterly Overview

Fruit and Vegetable Shipments 

Reported U.S. truck shipments of fresh produce during the second quarter of 2017 were 9.52 million tons, 1 percent 

higher than the previous quarter, and 19 percent higher than the same quarter last year.

Shipments from Mexico were the highest in the second quarter, totaling 2.75 million tons and accounting for 29 percent 

of the total reported shipments of fresh fruits and vegetables. Shipments from California totaled 2.13 million tons,

representing 22 percent of the reported shipments. Movements from the Pacific Northwest totaled 1.55 million tons,

representing 16 percent of the reported total.

The following top five commodities accounted for 44 percent of the reported truck movements during the second

quarter of 2017: 

► Potatoes (12 percent)

► Watermelons, seedless (12 percent)

►Apples (8 percent) 

► Onions, dry (7 percent) 

►Tomatoes (4 percent)

Truck Rates 

The table below provides a snapshot of quarterly truck rates for U.S. produce shipments over four mileage categories—0-

500, 501-1,500, 1,501-2,500, and 2,500+ miles. Please note the U.S. average truck rates provided below are calculated 

using weighted regional rates and volumes.

U.S. Average Fruit and Vegetable Truck Rates per Mile

0-500 miles 501-1,500 

miles

1,501-2,500

miles

2,500 miles +

Q2 2016 3.62 2.34 2.10 1.30

Q3 2016 4.71 2.47 2.05 1.21

Q4 2016 3.36 2.04 2.03 1.08

Q1 2017 2.81 1.86 2.05 1.05

Q2 2017 4.10 2.40 2.12 1.04

Q2 Change from 

Previous Quarter

46% 29% 3% -1%

Q2 Change from Same 

Quarter Last Year

13% 3% 1% -20%

Diesel Fuel 

During the second quarter 2017, the U.S. diesel fuel price averaged $2.55 per gallon—0.6 percent lower than last quarter 

but 11 percent higher than the same quarter last year.
Page 4 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

U.S. Truck Rates

National Summary

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr *Annual

2017 1.86 2.40

2016 2.22 2.34 2.47 2.04 2.26

2015 2.47 2.62 2.43 2.36 2.47

2014 2.31 2.66 2.65 2.50 2.53

2013 2.24 2.60 2.62 2.31 2.44

2012 2.10 2.54 2.45 2.29 2.35

2011 2.02 2.60 2.77 2.26 2.41

2010 1.82 2.21 2.33 1.94 2.08

2009 1.85 1.99 2.02 1.86 1.93

2008 2.02 2.56 2.77 2.24 2.40

2007 1.89 2.23 2.25 2.03 2.10

2006 1.92 2.10 2.21 2.02 2.06

*Annual: Weighted average rate for all 4 quarters.

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

Table 1: Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes between 

501 and 1500 miles ($/Mile)

Table 2: Quarterly Rates for Key Origins by Month; 501-1500 miles ($/Mile)

Origin April May June January February March

California 2.59 2.83 3.17 2.59 2.41 2.49

Florida 2.32 2.47 2.45 1.99 2.00 2.04

Great Lakes 3.02 3.41 3.41 3.08 3.06 3.08

Mexico-Arizona 2.16 2.32 2.48 2.10 1.97 2.07

Mexico-Texas 2.21 2.23 2.18 2.22 2.15 2.21

PNW 1.93 1.75 1.63 2.22 2.17 2.04

Southeast 3.62 3.19 3.23 3.59 3.91 3.91

2nd Qtr 2017 1st Qtr 2017

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division 

Note: "n/a" indicates rates not available. 

Note: The rates for 8 long- haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted by commodity and origin volume. Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

Figure 1: Average Truck Rates for Selected Routes ($/Mile)

4.10

2.40

2.12

1.04

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015 2016 2017

0-500 miles

501-1500 miles

1501-2500 miles

2500+ miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 5

Truck Rates for Selected Routes 

Truck Rates for Selected Routes 

Table 3: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 2nd Quarter 2017 ($/Mile)

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 2.67 2.45 2.28 2.23 . . . 2.44 2.45 .

California 2.47 2.41 2.36 2.29 2.81 5.92 2.49 2.42 2.38 2.72

Florida 2.90 2.51 2.43 2.19 . 1.64 2.91 2.58 2.39 .

Great Lakes 3.06 3.08 2.98 3.87 2.56 . 2.96 4.08 3.59 .

Mexico-Arizona . . . 1.94 2.51 2.13 2.36 2.44 2.43 .

Mexico-Texas 2.31 2.29 2.32 2.10 2.64 1.71 2.20 2.33 2.32 2.09

New York 2.29 3.70 7.22 . . . 2.08 7.49 5.79 .

Other 2.42 2.64 2.41 1.96 2.96 1.88 2.02 2.69 3.31 .

PNW 1.93 2.07 2.07 1.96 1.95 1.78 1.91 2.14 2.05 5.82

Southeast 5.21 3.82 3.25 3.11 2.45 1.54 3.22 3.73 3.60 .

Texas 2.49 2.40 2.39 2.07 3.06 1.80 2.26 2.41 2.43 2.18

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

Destination Origin

Table 4: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 2nd Quarter 2017 ($/Truck)

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 4,800 5,600 6,050 3,900 . . . 5,875 5,725 .

California 5,481 6,578 7,181 4,804 4,097 769 6,822 6,857 6,595 2,910

Florida 1,302 2,487 3,282 2,534 . 4,125 756 2,923 2,579 .

Great Lakes 2,764 3,130 3,561 1,042 2,903 . 4,485 3,218 3,041 .

Mexico-Arizona . . . 3,500 2,462 1,192 5,369 6,088 5,838 .

Mexico-Texas 2,662 4,104 5,108 3,004 1,319 2,742 3,365 4,665 4,415 5,027

New York 2,286 1,220 1,227 . . . 3,017 1,123 1,332 .

Other 2,158 3,154 3,528 1,969 1,561 1,754 4,131 3,451 3,190 .

PNW 4,336 4,898 5,694 3,499 3,593 1,801 5,701 5,436 5,142 815

Southeast 1,358 1,952 3,080 2,694 2,330 3,625 2,104 2,715 2,145 .

Texas 2,597 4,059 5,006 2,747 1,281 2,700 3,281 4,516 4,356 5,000

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

Origin Destination
Page 6 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit and 

vegetable movements.

U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices

Figure 2: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

2.92

2.85

2.63

2.43

2.07

2.30

2.38

2.47

2.57

2.55

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015 2016 2017

$/Gallon

U.S. diesel prices are down 1% 

from last quarter and up

11% from the same quarter 

last year

Table 5: 2nd Quarter 2017 Average Diesel Fuel Prices (All Types - $/Gallon)

Last Quarter Same Qtr Last Year

East Coast 2.59 -0.03 0.26

 New England 2.62 -0.03 0.25

 Central Atlantic 2.74 -0.03 0.31

 Lower Atlantic 2.49 -0.02 0.24

Midwest 2.48 -0.02 0.22

Gulf Coast 2.40 -0.02 0.23

Rocky Mountain 2.64 0.08 0.34

West Coast 2.72 -0.14 0.18

 California 2.91 0.08 0.09

U.S. 2.55 -0.02 0.25

Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

Location Price Change From
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 7

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit and 

vegetable movements.

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel & Truck Rates

Figure 3: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Sources:

Diesel Fuel: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy 

Truck Rate: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2015 2016 2017

$/Mile

$/Gallon

Diesel Fuel 0-500 miles 501-1500 miles

1501-2500 miles 2500+ miles

Table 6: Average Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Diesel Diesel Truck 

2015 Q1 2.92 2.47 -25% -28% 10%

Q2 2.85 2.62 -2% -26% 1 %

Q3 2.63 2.43 -8% -33% -7%

Q4 2.43 2.36 -8% -37% 4 %

2016 Q1 2.07 2.22 -15% -29% -10%

Q2 2.30 2.34 11% -19% -11%

Q3 2.38 2.47 3 % -10% 2 %

Q4 2.47 2.04 4 % 2 % -14%

2017 Q1 2.57 1.86 4 % 24% -16%

Q2 2.55 2.40 -1% 11% 3 %

Q3

Q4

Sources:

Diesel Fuel: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy 

Truck Rates: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

29%

Diesel Fuel 

($/gallon)

Truck Rates 

($/mile) 

501-1500 miles

-7%

6 %

-9%

-3%

Truck 

% Change From:

Last Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

9 %

-17%

-6%

5 %

6 %
Page 8 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

2nd Quarter 2017 Comparison Analysis 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.55 per gallon this quarter, 0.8 percent lower than last quarter but 11 percent higher than the same quarter last year. Average truck rates for shipments between 501 and 1,500 

miles were $2.40 per mile, 29 percent higher than the previous quarter and 2.6 percent higher than the 

same quarter last year. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 9

Table 7: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability, 2nd Quarter 2017

Quarterly Truck Availability

CALIFORNIA, CENTRAL, AND WESTERN ARIZONA 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Central And Western Arizona Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine 3 3

Central San Joaquin Valley California Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine 3 3 4 4

Imperial & Coachella Valley 

California

Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine, Broccoli, 

Cauliflower, Melons, Bell Peppers, Corn, Eggplant 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

Kern District California Carrots, Potatoes 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

Oxnard District California Cabbage, Celery, Cilantro, Strawberries 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

Salinas-Watsonville California Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine, Broccoli, 

Cauliflower

3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

Santa Maria California Leaf Lettuce, Lettuce, Lettuce Romaine, Broccoli, 

Cauliflower, Strawberries

3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

South & Central District California Plum Type Tomatoes, Tomatoes 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

South District California Avocados, Citrus 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 3

Onions 3 3 3

Nectarines, Peaches, Plums 4 3 3

Central District California Tomatoes, Corn, Artichokes, Roma Tomatoes 3

FLORIDA 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Central & North Florida Blueberries 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Central & South Florida Tomatoes, Berries, Mixed Vegetables, Melons, 

Vegetables

3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 5 5

Florida Potatoes 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

South Florida Melons 4 4 4 3 3

West District Florida Tomatoes 4 5 5

GREAT LAKE (MI & WI) 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Central Wisconsin Potatoes 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 3 3

Michigan Apples 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

MEXICO BORDER CROSSINGS 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, 

Arizona

Tomatoes, Mixed Vegetables, Melons, Mangoes, 

Grapes

3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3

Mexico Crossings Through Texas

Broccoli, Carrots, Tomatoes, Mangoes, Limes, 

Mixed Fruits, Vegetables 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 3 5

PACIFIC NORTHWEST (ID, OR, & WA) 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Columbia Basin Washington Potatoes, Onions 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon Onions 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley 

District Idaho Potatoes 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District 

Washington Apples, Pears 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

SOUTHEAST (GA, SC, & NC) 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Eastern North Carolina Sweet Potatoes 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 5

Vidalia District Georgia Onions 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

South Georgia

Cabbage, Blueberries, Melons, Corn, Eggplant, 

Beans, Cucumber, Squash, Peppers 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Charleston-Beaufort District South 

Carolina

Tomatoes, Melons 4 5 5

TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA 4/4 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/30 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27

Onions 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Watermelons 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 3

Texas Watermelons 4

1

 Regions reported and commodities shipped vary by week, month, season, and year. Within a region, truck availability may vary by commodity and destination.

Source: weekly Fruit and Vegetable Truck Rate Report, Agricultural Marketing Service, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, Market News Division

San Joaquin Valley California

Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Week Ending1

Adequate - 3 Slight Shortage - 4 Shortage - 5 Region1 Commodity1

Truck Availability

Surplus - 1 Slight Surplus - 2
Page 10 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Reported U.S. Shipments

Figure 4: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q

2014 2015 2016 2017

(1,000 Tons)

2nd quarter 2017 U.S. shipments increased 19% 

compared to the previous quarter, and increased 1% 

compare to the same quarter last year.

Table 8: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2017 8,017 9,518 17,535

2016 7,562 9,417 8,406 8,053 33,438

2015 8,166 9,433 7,659 7,699 32,957

2014 7,779 8,965 8,081 7,643 32,468

2013 7,451 8,972 7,762 6,546 30,731

2012 7,577 9,008 7,774 7,532 31,890

2011 7,007 8,981 7,887 7,988 31,863

2010 7,065 8,881 7,985 7,522 31,454

2009 7,158 8,728 7,990 7,270 31,147

2008 7,059 8,666 7,426 6,904 30,057

2007 6,959 8,585 7,475 7,099 30,118

2006 6,335 8,400 7,854 6,960 29,550

2005 6,877 8,324 7,737 7,387 30,325

2004 6,867 8,331 6,876 6,732 28,807

2003 6,824 8,013 7,043 6,684 28,564

2002 6,787 8,094 6,414 6,460 27,755

2001 6,822 8,144 6,314 6,471 27,751

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 11

Reported Shipments by Selected Commodities

Table 9: Reported Top 10 Commodity Shipments for 2nd Quarter 2017 (1,000 Tons)

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Potatoes 1,174 1,119 1,093 5% 7%

Watermelons, Seedless 1,134 149 1,479 660% -23%

Apples 740 832 616 -11% 20%

Onions Dry 691 665 685 4% 1%

Tomatoes 407 763 642 -47% -37%

Strawberries 372 370 351 1% 6%

Corn-Sweet 350 178 370 96% -6%

Lettuce, Iceberg 326 327 349 0% -7%

Lettuce, Romaine 263 337 255 -22% 3%

Avocados 252 509 482 -50% -48%

Current Quarter as % change from: Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Previous 

Quarter

Same Quarter 

Last Year
Page 12 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Regional Markets

California

Table 10: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from California (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Strawberries 361 17% 57 335 528% 8%

Lettuce, Iceberg 292 14% 48 295 513% -1%

Lettuce, Romaine 238 11% 56 223 323% 7%

Celery 144 7% 115 172 25% -16%

Onions Dry 113 5% 9 121 1228% -6%

Top 5 Total 1,148 54% 285 1,147 303% 0%

California Total 2,128 100% 561 2,266 280% -6%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Share of 

California 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Figure 5: California Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$5.92

$2.85

$2.42

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 13

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from California during the second quarter of 2017 were just 

over 2.1 million tons, a 6 percent decrease from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five commodities increased 

by less than 1 percent, with slight decreases in celery, onions, and iceberg lettuce offset by increased shipments of strawberries and romaine lettuce. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $2.85 per mile, 11 percent higher 

than the previous quarter, and 3 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.92 per gallon, 1 percent lower than the previous quarter, but 11 percent 

higher than the same period last year. Truck availability for California was reported as adequate in all reporting districts 

during the quarter. 

Figure 6: California Truck Overview

April May June 2nd Quarter

Central District California n/a n/a 3.00 3.00

Central San Joaquin Valley California 3.50 n/a n/a 3.50

Imperial, Palo Verde, And Coachella Valleys 3.00 3.62 3.50 3.37

Kern District California 3.50 3.60 3.50 3.53

Oxnard District California 3.50 3.66 3.50 3.55

Salinas-Watsonville California 3.50 3.59 3.50 3.53

San Joaquin Valley California n/a n/a 3.20 3.20

Santa Maria California 3.50 3.60 3.50 3.53

South District California 3.00 3.80 3.50 3.43

South & Central District California 3.00 3.00 n/a 3.00

Regional Average Availability 3.31 3.55 3.40 3.42

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.92

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the California sub-group of the West Coast PAD District 5 was used to represent the diesel fuel price.

Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage Region/Reporting District

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2017 2016 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 7: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for California 

1

-

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2

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h

t

S

u

r

p

lu

s

|

3

-

A

d

e

q

u

a

t

e

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4

-

S

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Page 14 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Pacific Northwest (PNW)

Table 11: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from PNW (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Apples 680 44% 723 541 -6% 26%

Potatoes 558 36% 559 469 0% 19%

Onions Dry 181 12% 378 139 -52% 31%

Pears 70 5% 123 67 -43% 5%

Cherries 55 3.6% 0.0 77 - -28%

Top 5 Total 1,544 99% 1,783 1,293 -13% 19%

PNW Total 1,554 100% 1,783 1,314 -13% 18%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Share of PNW 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Figure 8: PNW Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$5.82

$1.78

$1.98

$2.03

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

$10.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 15

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the PNW during the second quarter of 2017 

were 1.5 million tons, an increase of 18 percent from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five commodities 

increased 19 percent. The top four commodities, apples, potatoes, dry onions, and pears increased compared with 

last year, while cherries fell 28 percent compared with last year. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $1.78 per mile, 17 percent 

lower than the previous quarter but only $0.01 higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.73 per gallon, 1 percent lower than last quarter, but 13 percent higher than the same period last year. Shippers reported a slight surplus in Washington and adequate availability for Oregon and Idaho throughout the quarter. 

Figure 9: PNW Truck Overview

April May June 2nd Quarter

Columbia Basin Washington 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.08

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon 3.00 3.00 n/a 3.00

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.08

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District Washington 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.08

Regional Average Availability 2.50 2.50 2.58 2.53

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.77 2.74 2.67 2.73

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the West Coast less California District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for PNW.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2017 2016 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 10: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for PNW 

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Page 16 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Mexico Border Crossings 

Table 12: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Mexico (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, Seedless 295 11% 74 413 301% -28%

Tomatoes 199 7% 282 207 -30% -4%

Grapes 190 7% 0 142 - 33%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 188 7% 217 236 -13% -20%

Avocados 185 7% 248 189 -25% -2%

Top 5 Total 1,056 38% 820 1,187 29% -11%

Mexico Total 2,756 100% 2,965 2,830 -7% -3%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Share of 

Mexico-Tot 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Figure 11: Mexico Truck Overview

April May June 2nd Quarter

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 3.25 3.80 3.50 3.52

Mexico Crossings Through Texas 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.67

Regional Average Availability 3.13 3.90 3.75 3.59

Diesel Fuel Price, through Arizona($/gallon) 2.77 2.74 2.67 2.73

Diesel Fuel Price, through Texas ($/gallon) 2.44 2.41 2.36 2.40

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the Gulf Coast PAD District 3 was used to represent the diesel fuel price through Texas.

For the purpose of this report the West Coast less California District was used to represent the diesel fuel price through Arizona.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

Table 13: Top 5 Commodities Shipped to U.S from Mexico by State of Entry (1,000 tons)

Avocados 182 Onions Green 4 2 Watermelons, Seedless 295 Onions Dry 19.5

Limes 142 Misc Tropical 4 1 Grapes 188 Peppers, Other 2.2

Mangoes 106 Cucumbers 3 3 Tomatoes, Plum Type 9 5 Misc Tropical 1.7

Tomatoes 9 9 Tomatoes, Plum Type 3 0 Squash 8 7 - -

Tomatoes, Plum Type 6 2 Tomatoes 2 1 Cucumbers 8 0 - -

Top 5 Total 592 Top 5 Total 168 Top 5 Total 745 Top 5 Total 23.4

Mexico-TX Total 1,211 Mexico-CA Total 389 Mexico-AZ Total 1,133 Mexico-NM Total 23.4

Texas California Arizona New Mexico
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 17

Figure 12: Mexico Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$2.64

$2.26

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

Figure 13: Mexico-Tex Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$2.64

$2.18

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 
Page 18 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Mexico during the second quarter of 2017 were 2.8 million tons, 3 percent less than the same quarter in 2016, but the sum of the top five commodities decreased 11 percent from last 

year. Shipments of watermelons decreased 28 percent, followed by plum tomatoes at 20 percent, and tomatoes and avocados 

with slight decreases. Only shipments of grapes increased–33 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Rates: Truck rates for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles from the Texas border crossings averaged $2.21 per mile, up 1 

percent from the previous quarter, and 9 percent higher than the same quarter last year. Rates for shipments between 501 and 

1,500 miles from the Arizona border crossings averaged $2.32 per mile, up 13 percent from last quarter, and 6 percent higher 

than the same quarter last year.

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Texas averaged $2.40 per gallon, 1 percent lower than the previous quarter, but 11 percent higher than the same quarter in 2016. Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Arizona averaged 

$2.73 per gallon, 1 percent lower than the previous quarter, but 13 percent higher than the same period in 2016. On average, 

truck availability was adequate through both border crossings throughout the quarter but showed a slight shortage through 

Texas in May and June. 

Figure 14: Mexico-Ari Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$2.32

$2.29

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2017 2016 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 15: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Mexico

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Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 19

Southeast

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the Southeast during the second quarter of 2017 were 875 

thousand tons, an 18 percent increase from the same quarter last year. The sum of the top five commodities increased 33 percent from the same quarter last year, led by a 67 increase for watermelons and with moderate increases for other commodities.

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $3.26 per mile, 13 percent lower than 

the previous quarter, but only $0.01 higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.49 per gallon, 1 percent lower than the previous quarter but 11 percent higher 

than the same period last year. There was a slight shortage for truck availability reported during the quarter with the exception 

of adequate availability for South Georgia.

Table 14: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Southeast (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, Seedless 289 33% 0 173 - 67%

Corn-Sweet 119 14% 0 108 - 10%

Onions Dry 104 12% 0 85 - 22%

Sweet Potatoes 87 10% 93 78 -6% 13%

Cucumbers 38 4% 0 37 - 2%

Top 5 Total 637 73% 93 480 587% 33%

Southeast Total 875 100% 125 744 601% 18%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Share of 

Southeast 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Figure 16: Southeast Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$4.73

$3.26

$1.54

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

$10.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles Rates per mile by 
Page 20 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Figure 18: Southeast Truck Overview

April May June 2nd Quarter

Charleston-Beaufort District South Carolina n/a n/a 4.67 4.67

Eastern North Carolina 3.75 4.00 4.00 3.92

South Georgia n/a 3.00 3.00 3.00

Vidalia District Georgia 4.00 3.40 3.25 3.55

Regional Average Availability 3.75 4.00 4.33 4.03

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.52 2.50 2.44 2.49

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the Lower Atlantic District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for the Southeast

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2017 2016 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 17: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Southeast 

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Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 21

Florida

Volume: Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Florida during the second quarter of 2017 were 984 

thousand tons, down 8 percent from the same quarter in 2016. The sum of the top five commodities decreased slightly by 2 

percent with increases in watermelons offset by decreases in tomatoes, corn, and potatoes. 

Rates: The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 and 1,500 miles was $2.41 per mile, 20 percent higher 

than the previous quarter, and 8 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Truck Overview: Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.49 per gallon, 1 percent lower than last quarter, but 11 percent higher than the 

same period last year. Shippers in Florida reported adequate truck availability on average across the State but with slight 

shortages in the Central and South, South, and West District regions. 

Table 15: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Florida (1,000 tons)

Previous 

Qtr

Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, Seedless 319 32% 2 309 - 4%

Tomatoes 144 15% 176 164 -18% -12%

Corn-Sweet 139 14% 83 145 67% -5%

Potatoes 83 8% - 86 - -4%

Watermelons, Seeded 42 4% 0 36 - 19%

Top 5 Total 728 74% 262 740 178% -2%

Florida Total 984 100% 861 1,072 14% -8%

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

"-" indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Current Quarter as % 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2017

Share of 

Florida Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Figure 19: Florida Truck Rates ($/Mile)

Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Specialty Crops Programs, Market News Division

$3.20

$2.41

$2.02

$1.64

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 4 1 2

2015 2016 2017

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2500+ Miles Rates per mile by 
Page 22 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Figure 20: Florida Truck Overview

April May June 2nd Quarter

Central & North Florida 3.00 3.00 n/a 3.00

Central & South Florida 4.50 4.40 4.67 4.52

Florida 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

South Florida 4.00 3.00 n/a 3.50

West District Florida n/a n/a 4.67 4.67

Regional Average Availability 3.38 3.10 3.78 3.42

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.52 2.50 2.44 2.49

Diesel Fuel Source: Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy

For the purpose of this report the Lower Atlantic District was used to represent the diesel fuel price for Florida.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2017 2016 Prior 3-Year Average

Fig 21: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Florida 

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Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 23

Data Sources: This information is compiled from the weekly Fruit and Vegetable Truck Rate Report by USDA,

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division. The website is:

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-home.

Regional Markets: For the regional markets, some States are grouped into producing regions. The Pacific 

Northwest region includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes Michigan, Minnesota, 

and Wisconsin. The Southeast region includes North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Shipment Volumes: Truck shipments for all commodities and origins are not available. Those obtainable are 

reported, but should not be interpreted as representing complete movements of a commodity. Truck shipments 

from all States are collected at shipping points and include both interstate and intrastate movements. They are 

obtained from various sources, including Federal marketing orders, administrative committees, Federal State 

Inspection Service, and shippers. Volume amounts are represented in 10,000 pound units, or 1,000 10-lb packages 

but are converted to 1,000 tons for this report. Mexican border crossings through Arizona and Texas data is 

obtained from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border and Protection (CBP) through 

USDA, AMS, Market News.

Rates: This information is compiled from the weekly Fruit and Vegetable Truck Rate Report. Rates quoted 

represent open (spot) market rates that shippers or receivers pay depending on basis of sale, per load, including truck 

brokers fees for shipments in truck load volume to a single destination. Extra charges for delivery to terminal 

markets, multipickup and multidrop shipments are not included unless otherwise stated. Rates are based on the 

most usual loads in 48-53 foot trailers from the origin shipping area to the destination receiving city. In areas where 

rates are based on package rates, per load rates were derived by multiplying the package rate by the number of 

packages in the most usual load in a 48-53 foot trailer. Slightly cheaper rates will be reported during Quarters 2 and 3 

as about 50 percent of onion shipments from California are hauled on open flatbed trailers. During Quarter 3, less 

than 20 percent of onions hauled from Washington, Idaho, and Oregon are on open flatbeds.

Regional Rates: Rate data for 10 destination markets are used to calculate average origin regional rates.

National Rates: The national rates reflect the average of the regional rates, separated by mileage category and 

weighted by volume between origin and destination.

Terms and References
Page 24 Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017

Related Websites:

Specialty Crops Program

http://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/specialty-crops-program

Fruit and Vegetable Truck Report 

http://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/fruits-vegetables

Economic Research Service Vegetable and Pulses 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses.aspx

Economic Research Service Fruit and Tree Nuts 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/fruit-tree-nuts.aspx

National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crops

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php?sector=CROPS

Contact Us

Coordinator

Adam Sparger Adam.Sparger@ams.usda.gov 202.295.7374

Quarterly Overview, U.S. Diesel Prices

April Taylor

April.Taylor@ams.usda.gov 202.295.7374

Regulatory News/Updates

Brian McGregor

Brian.McGregor@ams.usda.gov 202.720.0035

U.S. Truck Rates and Shipments

Pierre Bahizi

Pierre.Bahizi@ams.usda.gov 202.690.0992

Truck Availability

Jesse Gastelle 

Jesse.Gastelle@ams.usda.gov 202.690.1144 

Specialty Crops Programs, 

Market News Division Data

Patty Willkie

Patty.Willkie@ams.usda.gov 202-720-2175

To subscribe, please send e-mail to:

(Printed copies are available upon request.)

Adam.Sparger@ams.usda.gov
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 2nd Quarter, 2017 Page 25

Preferred Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly Report. 

November 2017. Web. <http://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS051.11-2017>

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