Agricultural Refrigerated 

Truck Quarterly

a quarterly publication of the Agricultural Marketing Service

Contents

National Summary.......................... 2

Quarterly Overview .......................... 2

U.S. Truck Rates ................................ 3

Truck Rates for Selected Routes........ 4

U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices ...................... 5

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and 

Truck Rates........................................ 6

Quarterly Truck Availability............... 8

Reported U.S. Shipments................ 10

Reported Shipments by Selected 

Commodities................................... 11

Regional Markets...........................12

U.S.-Mexico Border ........................ 12

PNW................................................ 16

California......................................... 19

Arizona............................................ 22

Florida............................................. 25

Additional Information..................28

Terms and References..................... 28

Contact Us....................................... 29

Quarter 1, January-March 2022

Published September 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq/

https://agtransport.usda.gov/
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Fruit and Vegetable Shipments 

USDA reported first-quarter 2022 U.S. truck shipments of fresh produce were 9.01 million tons—down slightly from the 

previous quarter, but down 10 percent from first quarter 2021.

Also, in first quarter 2022, shipments from Mexico were 3.37 million tons, higher than those from any other reported 

origin. Shipments from Mexico accounted for 37 percent of the total reported shipments of fresh fruit and vegetables. 

Shipments from the next four top regions by volume were as follows: Pacific Northwest (PNW), 1.59 million tons (18 

percent of the total); California, 1.43 million tons (16 percent of the total); Arizona, 686,000 tons (8 percent of the 

total); and finally, Florida, 671,000 tons (7 percent of the total). 

These top five commodities accounted for 30 percent of reported truck movements in fourth quarter 2021: 

► Potatoes (9 percent)

► Apples (6 percent)

► Plum Tomatoes (5 percent)

► Avocadoes (5 percent)

► Cucumbers (5 percent)

Truck Rates 

The table below provides a snapshot of quarterly truck rates for U.S. produce shipments over four mileage 

categories—1-500; 501-1,500; 1,501-2,500; and 2,501+ miles. Please note the U.S. average truck rates provided below 

were calculated using weighted regional rates and volumes.

Diesel Fuel 

In first quarter 2022, U.S. diesel fuel prices averaged $4.29 per gallon—up 17 percent from the previous quarter and up 

48 percent from first quarter 2021.

National Summary

Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted by commodity and origin volume.

0-500 miles 501-1,500 miles 1,501-2,500 miles 2,501+ miles

Q1 2021 2.70 2.90 2.57 1.76

Q2 2021 3.13 3.70 2.97 1.92

Q3 2021 3.32 3.21 3.03 1.80

Q4 2021 7.01 3.48 3.34 1.90

Q1 2022 6.86 3.61 3.19 1.96

Q1 Change from 

Previous Quarter -2% 4% -4% 3%

Q1 Change from Same 

Quarter Last Year 154% 24% 24% 11%

Quarterly Overview 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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U.S. Truck Rates

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by commodity and origin volume.

Table 1: Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted 

by commodity and origin volume.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 1: Average Truck Rates for Selected Routes ($/Mile) 

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

2022 3.61

2021 2.90 3.70 3.21 3.48

2020 2.56 2.51 2.56 2.92

2019 2.59 2.60 2.47 2.52

2018 2.82 2.99 2.74 2.84

2017 1.86 2.41 2.33 2.56

2016 2.22 2.37 2.49 2.06

2015 2.47 2.63 2.59 2.36

2014 2.32 2.67 2.64 2.49

2013 2.24 2.60 2.62 2.27

2012 2.10 2.54 2.45 2.29

2011 2.02 2.60 2.77 2.26

2010 1.82 2.21 2.33 1.94

6.86

3.61

3.19

1.96

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

$/Mile 

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Truck Rates for Selected Routes

Table 2: Quarterly Rates for Key Origins by Month; 501-1,500 miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Table 3: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 1st Quarter 2022 ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

1st Quarter, 2022 4th Quarter, 2021

U.S. Origin January February March October November December

Arizona 5.52 4.55 4.58 n/a n/a 5.58

California 5.31 4.85 4.60 5.07 5.37 5.29

Florida 3.13 3.17 3.27 2.59 2.64 3.20

Great Lakes 5.02 5.06 5.08 5.04 5.06 5.07

MexicoArizona 4.11 3.63 3.31 3.03 3.30 3.48

MexicoTexas 3.95 3.60 3.76 3.11 3.40 3.83

New York 4.99 4.47 4.88 3.86 3.86 3.86

Other 3.21 3.34 3.55 2.82 2.86 3.13

PNW 3.63 3.36 3.10 2.92 3.23 3.34

Southeast 4.68 4.98 5.21 6.71 4.49 4.63

U.S. Origin Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los 

Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 4.06 3.73 n/a 3.83 5.42 11.03 n/a 3.74 n/a 3.93

California 3.96 3.66 3.52 3.81 5.02 18.72 3.95 3.66 3.59 4.23

Florida 3.15 3.31 3.28 2.43 n/a n/a 3.25 3.58 3.23 n/a

Great 

Lakes 5.10 5.40 4.53 5.48 3.98 n/a 4.20 5.51 5.28 n/a

MexicoArizona 3.78 3.59 3.54 3.53 3.98 3.33 3.53 3.63 3.63 n/a

MexicoTexas 4.03 4.01 3.78 3.51 4.06 2.54 3.56 4.08 3.99 3.41

New York 5.27 10.72 23.10 n/a n/a n/a 4.31 22.54 15.89 n/a

Other 3.60 3.38 3.35 3.25 3.24 n/a n/a 3.69 3.43 n/a

PNW 3.82 3.75 3.77 3.64 3.75 3.34 3.61 4.08 3.74 7.98

Southeast 6.65 6.42 5.41 5.11 n/a n/a 3.90 5.49 5.64 n/a
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices 

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant component 

underlying truck rates.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Table 4: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 1st Quarter 2022 ($/Truck)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Figure 2: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

3.02 3.12

3.02

3.06

2.90

2.43 2.43

2.47

2.89

3.21

3.36 3.66

4.29

2.30

2.80

3.30

3.80

4.30

4.80

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2019 2020 2021 2022

$/Gallon

U.S. diesel prices were up 17% from 

last quarter and were up 48% from 

the same quarter last year.

U.S. Origin Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los 

Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 8,519 9,708 n/a 7,777 7,046 1,654 n/a 10,096 n/a 5,115

California 8,551 9,783 10,599 7,862 7,119 1,619 10,419 10,166 9,967 5,496

Florida 1,550 3,277 4,554 2,985 n/a n/a 780 4,092 3,428 n/a

Great 

Lakes 5,137 4,454 6,066 1,901 4,415 n/a 7,342 4,612 4,767 n/a

MexicoArizona 6,808 8,435 9,546 6,350 3,900 1,865 8,023 9,073 8,708 n/a

MexicoTexas 4,631 7,169 8,308 5,023 2,031 4,058 5,446 8,169 7,573 8,173

New York 5,269 3,538 3,927 n/a n/a n/a 6,242 3,381 3,654 n/a

Other 3,085 6,055 5,985 2,408 2,363 n/a n/a 6,009 6,317 n/a

PNW 8,799 9,194 10,322 6,476 6,876 3,348 10,702 10,391 9,349 1,117

Southeast 2,662 2,119 4,000 4,346 n/a n/a 3,000 2,854 2,427 n/a
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit 

and vegetable movements.

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and Truck Rates

Table 5: Average Diesel Fuel Prices (All Types)

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and Energy Information Administration/

U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by origin volume.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 3: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Region 1st Quarter 2022 Price 

$/Gallon

Change From Last 

Quarter Change From Last Year

East Coast 4.33 19% 49%

California 5.32 14% 45%

New England 4.29 19% 48%

Central Atlantic 4.47 18% 46%

Lower Atlantic 4.24 19% 51%

Gulf Coast 4.07 20% 53%

Midwest 4.13 16% 45%

Rocky Mountain 4.16 11% 46%

West Coast Except California 4.53 16% 51%

U.S. 4.29 17% 48%

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

$5.00

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2019 2020 2021 2022

Truck Rates in $/Mile

Diesel Price in $/Gallon

Diesel Fuel 0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Table 6: Average Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and Energy Information 

Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Year Quarter Diesel Fuel 

($/gallon)

Truck Rates ($/mile) 

501-1500 miles

% Change From

Last Quarter Last Year

Diesel Truck Diesel Truck

2019 Q1 3.02 2.59 -8% -9% < 1% -8%

Q2 3.12 2.60 4% < 1% -2% -13%

Q3 3.02 2.47 -3% -5% -7% -10%

Q4 3.06 2.52 1% 2% -6% -11%

2020 Q1 2.90 2.56 -5% 2% -4% -1%

Q2 2.43 2.51 -16% -2% -22% -3%

Q3 2.43 2.56 > -1% 2% -20% 4%

Q4 2.47 2.92 2% 14% -19% 16%

2021 Q1 2.89 2.90 17% -1% > -1% 14%

Q2 3.21 3.70 11% 27% 32% 47%

Q3 3.36 3.21 5% -13% 38% 25%

Q4 3.66 3.48 9% 8% 48% 19%

2022 Q1 4.29 3.61 17% 4% 48% 24%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Quarterly Truck Availability

Table 7: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

California, Central, And 

Western Arizona Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

Imperial, Coachella & Palo 

Verde Valleys Ca, Central & 

Western Az & Mx Crossings 

Thru Calexico & San Luis

Anise, Bok Choy, Broccoli, Fresh Cut Cabbage, Cauliflower, Celery, 

Chinese Cabbage, Cilantro, Endive, Escarole, Kale Greens, Leeks, 

Green Leaf Lettuce, Iceberg Lettuce, Red Leaf Lettuce, Romaine 

Lettuce, Parsley, Spinach, Fresh Cut Broccoli

4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Kern District California Carrots, Grapes 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Oxnard District California Artichokes, Fresh Cut Cabbage, Celery, Cilantro, Kale Greens, 

Romaine Lettuce, Parsley 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Santa Maria California Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Iceberg Lettuce, Romaine Lettuce 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

South District California Avocados, Lemons, Oranges, Tangelos 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Florida Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

Central & South Florida

Beans, Cabbage, Cantaloupe, Sweet Corn, Cucumbers, Eggplant, 

Endive, Escarole, Okra, Bell Peppers, Other Peppers, Radishes, 

Yellow Squash Straightneck, Zucchini Squash, Strawberries, Cherry 

Tomatoes, Grape Tomatoes, Plum Tomatoes, Watermelons

4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 3

Florida Potatoes 3 3 3 3 3

Great Lakes (MI & WI) Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

Central Wisconsin Dry Onions, Potatoes 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

Michigan Apples, Potatoes 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Table 7, continued: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

Southeast (GA, SC, & NC) Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

Eastern North Carolina Sweet Potatoes 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5

Pacific Northwest (ID, OR, &, 

WA) Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

Columbia Basin Washington Dry Onions, Potatoes 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Idaho And Malheur County, 

Oregon Dry Onions 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Upper Valley, Twin FallsBurley District Idaho Potatoes 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee 

District Washington Apples, Pears 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

U.S.-Mexico border Commodities 1/4 1/11 1/18 1/25 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29

 Nogales, Arizona

Round Green Beans, Sweet Corn, Cucumbers, Eggplant, Grapefruit, 

Honeydews, Oranges, Squash, Tomatillos, Tomatoes, Cherry 

Tomatoes, Grape Tomatoes, Plum Tomatoes, Watermelons

5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

 South Texas

Broccoli, Carrots, Chayote, Cilantro, Cucumbers, Grapefruit, 

Limes, Mangos, Oranges, Papaya, Anaheim Peppers, Bell Peppers, 

Habanero Peppers, Jalapeno Peppers, Poblano Peppers, Serrano 

Peppers, Pineapples, Tomatillos, Tomatoes, Grape Tomatoes, Plum 

Tomatoes, Watermelons

5 4 4 4 3 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Reported U.S. Shipments

Table 8: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 4: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2019 2020 2021 2022

(1,000 Tons)

1st quarter 2022 U.S. shipments

were unchanged comparedto

the previous quarter, and

decreased 10% compared to the

same quarter last year.

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2022 9,015 9,015

2021 10,051 11,520 9,498 9,034 40,103

2020 10,081 10,750 9,058 9,007 38,895

2019 9,381 10,246 8,687 8,714 37,028

2018 9,421 10,795 8,789 8,503 37,508

2017 8,072 9,642 8,479 8,267 34,459

2016 8,094 9,761 8,541 8,188 34,583

2015 8,118 9,630 8,324 7,771 33,842

2014 7,733 9,139 8,080 7,725 32,677

2013 7,451 8,972 7,762 7,527 31,712

2012 7,577 9,008 7,774 7,532 31,890

2011 7,007 8,981 7,887 7,988 31,863

2010 7,065 8,881 7,985 7,522 31,454

2009 7,158 8,728 7,990 7,270 31,147

2008 7,059 8,666 7,426 6,904 30,057

2007 6,959 8,585 7,475 7,099 30,118

2006 6,335 8,400 7,854 6,960 29,550
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Table 9: Reported Top 10 Commodity Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Reported Shipments by Selected Commodities

Table 10: Reported Top 10 Regions (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Previous 

Quarter

Same Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Potatoes 1,087 1,157 1,185 -6% -8%

Apples 784 822 842 -5% -7%

Onions Dry 532 511 695 4% -23%

Lemons 366 227 290 62% 26%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 343 543 573 -37% -40%

Tangerines 338 22 454 1454% -26%

Tomatoes 332 483 713 -31% -53%

Strawberries 332 222 409 49% -19%

Avocados 327 608 751 -46% -56%

Cucumbers 324 591 584 -45% -45%

Origin 1st Quarter 2022 Volume % Change from Last Quarter % Change From Same Quarter 

Last Year

Mexico 3371 23% -3%

PNW 1589 -3% -11%

California 1429 -33% -37%

Arizona 686 65% 12%

Florida 671 83% 4%

Canada 266 -46% -7%

Colorado 222 -11% 7%

Great Lakes 193 -30% 8%

Texas 121 19% 6%

Southeast 113 -34% -5%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Regional Markets

Volume

In first quarter 2022, USDA reported total shipments of fruits and vegetables from Mexico were 3.38 million tons—a 

3-percent decrease from first quarter 2021 (year to year). The sum of the top five commodities shipped from the 

U.S.-Mexico border also decreased 9 percent year to year. Three of the top five commodities saw year-to-year increases, including plum tomatoes (up 11 percent); cucumbers (up 3 percent); and bell peppers (up 1 percent). Shipments of 

avocados decreased by 21 percent and shipments of tomatoes decreased 34 percent. 

Rates 

In first quarter 2022, truck rates for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Arizona-Mexico border 

crossings averaged $3.66 per mile. This was up 11 percent from fourth quarter 2021 (quarter to quarter) and up 16 

percent year to year. Rates for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Texas-Mexico border crossings 

averaged $3.77 per mile—up 9 percent quarter to quarter and up 29 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Arizona averaged $4.53 per gallon—up 16 percent quarter to quarter and 

up 51 percent year to year. Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Texas averaged $4.07 per gallon—up 20 percent 

quarter to quarter and up 53 percent year to year. Mexico crossings through Nogales, AZ, and through South Texas 

reported a slight shortage of trucks in January and adequate supply in February and March.

Table 11: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Mexico (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

U.S.-Mexico Border 

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Share of 

MexicoTotal Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Tomatoes, Plum Type 296 9% 248 267 20% 11%

Avocados 293 9% 302 371 -3% -21%

Cucumbers 280 8% 256 272 9% 3%

Peppers, Bell Type 251 7% 148 248 70% 1%

Tomatoes 191 6% 151 289 26% -34%

Top 5 Total 1,311 39% 1,104 1,447 19% -9%

Mexico Total 3,371 100% 2,744 3,491 23% -3%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Texas California Arizona New Mexico

Commodity

1st 

Quarter 

2022

Commodity

1st 

Quarter 

2022

Commodity

1st 

Quarter 

2022

Commodity

1st 

Quarter 

2022

Avocados 288 Strawberries 61 Cucumbers 153 Peppers, Other 13 

Tomatoes, 

Plum Type 150 Asparagus 53 Squash 151 Misc Tropical 2 

Limes 117 Onions Green 47 Peppers, Bell 

Type 135 Tomatoes < 1

Tomatoes 117 Misc Tropical 43 Tomatoes, 

Plum Type 116 

Cucumbers 113 Tomatoes, Plum 

Type 31 Tomatoes 69 

Mexico through 

TX Total 1,768 Mexico through CA Total 531 Mexico through AZ Total 1,056 Mexico through NM Total 15 

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Table 12: Top 5 Commodities Shipped to U.S. from Mexico by State of Entry (1,000 tons)

$4.06

$3.71

$3.62

$3.54

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 5: Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$3.77

$4.06

$3.62

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$3.66

$3.54

$3.61

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Figure 6: Texas Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

Figure 7: Arizona Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

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Table 13: Truck Overview from the U.S.-Mexico Border

Region/Reporting District January February March 1st Quarter

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 4.47 3.19 3.04 3.57

Mexico Crossings Through South Texas 4.25 2.85 3 3.37

Regional Average Availability 4.36 3.02 3.02 3.47

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Texas 3.46 3.80 4.94 4.07

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Arizona 4.06 4.27 5.28 4.53

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2021 2022

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 8: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings from the U.S-Mexico Border
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 16

PNW

Table 14: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from PNW (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Share of 

PNW Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Apples 670 42% 676 709 -1% -6%

Potatoes 413 26% 447 513 -8% -19%

Onions Dry 366 23% 357 431 2% -15%

Pears 140 9% 159 133 -12% 5%

Rhubarb < 1 < 1% - < 1 - 100%

Top 5 Total 1,589 100% 1,640 1,785 -3% -11%

PNW Total 1,589 100% 1,640 1,785 -3% -11%

Volume 

During first quarter 2022, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from PNW were 1.59 million tons, decreasing 11 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities shipped from PNW also decreased 11 percent year 

to year. Except for pears (5-percent increase) and rhubarb (100-percent increase), the rest of the top five commodities 

saw year-to-year decreases: apples (down 6 percent); potatoes (down 19 percent); and dry onions (down 15 percent).

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $3.34 per mile, up 6 percent 

quarter to quarter and up 39 percent year to year.

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $4.53 per gallon—a 16-percent increase quarter to quarter and a 51-percent increase year 

to year. Monthly average truck availability was reported as a shortage in the region in January and a slight shortage in 

February, but was reported as adequate in March.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 17

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 9: PNW Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 15: PNW Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$7.98

$3.34

$3.71

$3.86

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

$9.00

$11.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District January February March 1st Quarter

Columbia Basin Washington 4.75 3.5 3 3.75

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon 4.44 3.61 3 3.69

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho 5 3.75 3 3.92

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District 

Washington 4.5 3.5 3 3.67

Regional Average Availability 4.67 3.59 3 3.75

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 4.06 4.27 5.28 4.53
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 18

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 10: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for PNW

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2021 2022

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 19

California

Table 16: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from California (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Share of 

California 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Lemons 364 26% 185 286 97% 27%

Tangerines 326 23% 16 437 1,952% -25%

Oranges 116 8% 330 743 -65% -84%

Celery 103 7% 198 136 -48% -24%

Strawberries 75 5% 126 58 -40% 30%

Top 5 Total 985 69% 854 1,660 15% -41%

California Total 1,429 100% 2,143 2,259 -33% -37%

Volume

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from California in first quarter 2022 were 1.43 million tons, down 37 

percent year to year. The decline in California shipments may be due in part to unreported citrus shipments. The top 

five commodities shipped from California decreased 41 percent from year to year. Three of the top 5 commodities saw 

year-to-year decreases in the first quarter, including tangerines (down 25 percent); oranges (down 84 percent); and 

celery (down 24 percent). Shipments of lemons and strawberries increased by 27 and 30 percent, respectively.

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $4.88 per mile—a 7-percent 

decrease quarter to quarter, but a 31-percent increase year to year.

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $5.32 per gallon—a 14-percent increase quarter to quarter and a 45-percent increase year 

to year. Monthly average truck availability started the quarter as adequate in January and ended as adequate in March. 

However, during February, slight shortages were reported throughout the region.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 20

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 11: California Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 17: California Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$18.72

$4.88

$3.93

$3.64

$2.00

$7.00

$12.00

$17.00

$22.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District January February March 1st Quarter

Kern District California 3.25 3.5 3 3.25

Oxnard District California 3.25 3.5 3 3.25

Santa Maria California 3.25 3.5 2.94 3.23

South District California 3.28 3.5 3 3.26

Regional Average Availability 3.26 3.5 2.99 3.25

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 4.80 5.02 6.13 5.32
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 21

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 12: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for California

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2021 2022

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 22

Arizona

Table 18: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Arizona (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Share of 

Arizona 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Lettuce, Iceberg 196 29% 122 189 61% 3%

Lettuce, Romaine 192 28% 111 179 72% 7%

Lettuce, Processed 78 11% 54 69 44% 12%

Celery 55 8% 6 37 903% 48%

Cabbage 34 5% 14 21 140% 63%

Top 5 Total 555 81% 307 496 81% 12%

Arizona Total 686 100% 416 614 65% 12%

Volume

During first quarter 2022, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Arizona were 686,000 tons, up 12 

percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities shipped from Arizona also increased 12 percent year to year. 

All top-five commodities saw year-to-year increases, including iceberg lettuce (up 3 percent); romaine lettuce (up 7 

percent); processed lettuce (up 12 percent); celery (up 48 percent); and cabbage (up 63 percent).

Rates

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $4.77 per mile—down 14 percent quarter to quarter but up 19 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $4.53 per gallon—up 16 percent quarter to quarter and up 51 percent year to year. Resembling California’s trend, monthly average truck availability was adequate at the start and end of the quarter, but a slight 

shortage was reported in February.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 23

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 13: Arizona Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 19: Arizona Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$11.03

$4.77

$3.94

$3.74

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

$9.00

$11.00

$13.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District January February March 1st Quarter

Imperial, Coachella & Palo Verde Valleys Ca, 

Central & Western Az & Mx Crossings Thru 

Calexico & San Luis

3.24 3.5 3 3.25

Regional Average Availability 3.24 3.5 3 3.25

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 4.06 4.27 5.28 4.53
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 24

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 14: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Arizona

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2021 2022

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 25

Florida

Table 20: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Florida (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 1st Quarter 

2022

Share of 

Florida 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Strawberries 108 16% 22 94 393% 15%

Tomatoes 105 16% 104 95 < 1% 10%

Cabbage 68 10% 8 71 731% -3%

Corn-Sweet 46 7% 18 47 159% -3%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 44 7% 36 39 22% 15%

Top 5 Total 372 55% 189 346 97% 7%

Florida Total 671 100% 366 642 83% 4%

Volume

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Florida in first quarter 2022 were 671,000 tons, up 4 percent 

year to year. The sum of the top five commodities shipped from Florida increased 7 percent year to year. Three of the 

top five commodities increased year to year: strawberries (up 15 percent); tomatoes (up 10 percent); and plum-type 

tomatoes (up 15 percent). Shipments of cabbage decreased 3 percent, and shipments of sweet corn also fell 3 percent.

Rates

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $3.20 per mile—up 15 percent 

quarter to quarter and up 12 percent year to year.

Truck Overview

Diesel fuel prices averaged $4.24 per gallon—up 20 percent quarter to quarter and up 51 percent year to year. Monthly 

average truck availability was reported as a shortage in January and February and as a slight shortage in March. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 26

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 15: Florida Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 21: Florida Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$3.08

$3.20

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2019 2020 2021 2022

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District January February March 1st Quarter

Central & South Florida 4.75 4.5 4.2 4.48

Florida - - 3 3

Regional Average Availability 4.75 4.5 3.6 4.28

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.62 3.99 5.11 4.24
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 27

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 16: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Florida

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2021 2022

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 28

Data Reporting and Publication Window

The publication date of each Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly (AgRTQ) depends on the timing of data 

reporting. Reporting of truck shipments in some regions can be delayed 2-3 months past their respective 

quarter. We publish the AgRTQ one month after that lag in order to capture a more complete picture of truck 

shipments during the quarter. 

Data Sources

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report by USDA, Agricultural 

Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division. The website is: 

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-home.

Regional Markets

For the regional markets, some States are grouped into producing regions. The Pacific Northwest region 

includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes Michigan, Minnesota, and 

Wisconsin. The Southeast region includes North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Shipment Volumes

Truck shipments for all commodities and origins are not available. Those obtainable are reported, but should 

not be interpreted as representing complete movements of a commodity. Truck shipments from all States are 

collected at shipping points and include both interstate and intrastate movements. They are obtained from 

various sources, including Federal marketing orders, administrative committees, Federal State Inspection 

Service, and shippers. Volume amounts are represented in 10,000 pound units, or 1,000 10-lb packages 

but are converted to 1,000 tons for this report. Mexican border crossings through Arizona and Texas data is 

obtained from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border and Protection (CBP) 

through USDA, AMS, Market News.

Rates

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report. Rates quoted represent 

open (spot) market rates that shippers or receivers pay depending on basis of sale, per load, including truck 

brokers fees for shipments in truck load volume to a single destination. Extra charges for delivery to terminal 

markets, multipickup and multidrop shipments are not included unless otherwise stated. Rates are based on 

the most usual loads in 48-53 foot trailers from the origin shipping area to the destination receiving city. In 

areas where rates are based on package rates, per load rates were derived by multiplying the package rate by 

the number of packages in the most usual load in a 48-53 foot trailer. Slightly cheaper rates will be reported 

during Quarters 2 and 3 as about 50 percent of onion shipments from California are hauled on open flatbed 

trailers. During Quarter 3, less than 20 percent of onions hauled from Washington, Idaho, and Oregon are on 

open flatbeds.

Regional Rates

Rate data for 10 destination markets are used to calculate average origin regional rates.

National Rates

The national rates reflect the average of the regional rates, separated by mileage category and weighted by 

volume between origin and destination.

Additional Information

Terms and References
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 1, 2022

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 29

Authors

Kranti Mulik, Coordinator; Analyst

Kranti.Mulik@usda.gov, 202.756.2577

Jesse Gastelle, Analyst 

Jesse.Gastelle@usda.gov, 202.690.1144 

Patty Willkie, Specialty Crops Program and Market News Division Data 

Patty.Willkie@usda.gov, 202.720.2175 

To subscribe, please send an e-mail to April.Taylor@usda.gov. Printed copies are available upon request. 

For assistance with accessibility issues related to this document, please e-mail SharonC.Williams@usda.gov. 

Related Websites

USDA's Agricultural Transportation Open Data Platform

https://agtransport.usda.gov/

Specialty Crops Program

https://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/specialty-crops-program

Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report

https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/filerepo/reports?field_slug_id_value=2375

Specialty Crops Movement Reporting

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-report-config-step1?type=movement

Economic Research Service Vegetable and Pulses 

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses/

Economic Research Service Fruit and Tree Nuts 

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/fruit-tree-nuts.aspx

National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crops

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php?sector=CROPS

Refrigerated Truck Quarterly Datasets

https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agricultural-refrigerated-truck-quarterly-datasets

Protecting Perishable Foods During Transport by Truck and Rail

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HS/HS132800.pdf

Preferred Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 

Report. September 2022 Web. <https://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS051.09-2022> 

Photo Credit

Burt Barnes

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