Agricultural Refrigerated 

Truck Quarterly

a quarterly publication of the Agricultural Marketing Service

Contents

Quarterly Overview........................ 2

National Summary.......................... 3

Truck Rates........................................ 3

Truck Rates for Selected Routes........ 4

U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices ...................... 5

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and 

Truck Rates........................................ 6

Quarterly Truck Availability............... 8

Reported U.S. Shipments................ 10

Reported Shipments by Selected 

Commodities................................... 11

Regional Markets...........................12

California......................................... 12

U.S.-Mexico Border......................... 15

PNW................................................ 19

Florida ............................................ 22

Southeast........................................ 25

Terms and References ...................28

Contact Information ......................29

Quarter 2, April-June, 2020

Published October 15, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq/

https://agtransport.usda.gov/
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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Fruit and Vegetable Shipments 

During second quarter 2020, reported U.S. truck shipments of fresh produce were 10.74 million tons, 7 

percent higher than the previous quarter and 5 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Also, in the second quarter, shipments from California were 3.37 million tons, higher than those from any 

other reported origin and accounting for 31 percent of the total reported shipments of fresh fruits and 

vegetables. Shipments from the Mexico border, were 2.96 million tons, representing 28 percent of the total. 

Shipments from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) were 1.49 million tons, representing 14 percent of the total. 

Movements from Florida were 950,000 tons, representing 9 percent of the reported total. 

These top five commodities accounted for 41 percent of the reported truck movements during second 

quarter 2020: 

► Watermelon, seedless (11 percent)

► Potatoes (10 percent)

► Apples (7 percent)

► Oranges (7 percent)

► Onions, dry (6 percent)

Truck Rates 

The table below provides a snapshot of quarterly truck rates for U.S. produce shipments over four mileage 

categories—0-500; 501-1,500; 1,501-2,500; and 2,501+ miles. Please note the U.S. average truck rates 

provided below were calculated using weighted regional rates and volumes.

Diesel Fuel 

During second quarter 2020, the U.S. diesel fuel price averaged $2.43 per gallon—16 percent lower than the 

previous quarter and 22 percent lower than the same quarter last year.

Quarterly Overview

0-500 miles 501-1,500 miles 1,501-2,500 miles 2,501+ miles

Q2 2019 2.87 2.60 2.13 1.24

Q3 2019 4.94 2.47 2.30 1.35

Q4 2019 3.21 2.52 2.29 1.36

Q1 2020 2.72 2.56 2.36 1.60

Q2 2020 2.57 2.52 2.27 1.54

Q2 Change from 

Previous Quarter -6% -2% -4% -4%

Q2 Change from Same 

Quarter Last Year -10% -3% 7% 24%

Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted by commodity and origin volume.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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2.57

2.52

2.27

1.54

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Mile 

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

National Summary

Truck Rates

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by commodity and origin volume.

Table 1: Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted 

by commodity and origin volume.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2020 2.56 2.52 2.54

2019 2.59 2.60 2.47 2.52 2.54

2018 2.82 2.99 2.74 2.84 2.85

2017 1.86 2.41 2.33 2.56 2.29

2016 2.22 2.37 2.49 2.06 2.28

2015 2.47 2.63 2.59 2.36 2.51

2014 2.32 2.67 2.64 2.49 2.53

2013 2.24 2.60 2.62 2.27 2.43

2012 2.10 2.54 2.45 2.29 2.35

2011 2.02 2.60 2.77 2.26 2.41

2010 1.82 2.21 2.33 1.94 2.08

2009 1.85 1.99 2.02 1.86 1.93

2008 2.02 2.56 2.77 2.24 2.40

Figure 1: Average Truck Rates for Selected Routes ($/Mile) 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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Truck Rates for Selected Routes

Table 2: Quarterly Rates for Key Origins by Month; 501-1,500 miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Table 3: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 2nd Quarter 2020 ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

U.S. Origin

Destination

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los 

Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 2.79 2.78 2.77 2.64 3.11 n/a 2.63 2.92 2.88 n/a

ArizonaMexico 2.46 2.36 2.44 2.14 2.66 2.43 2.28 2.53 2.53 n/a

California 2.55 2.58 2.52 2.45 2.72 n/a 2.44 2.62 2.60 2.76

Florida 2.35 2.42 2.25 1.80 n/a 1.85 3.08 2.55 2.24 n/a

Great 

Lakes 3.24 3.65 3.17 4.22 2.67 n/a 2.51 4.24 3.59 n/a

New York 3.50 5.30 11.76 n/a n/a n/a 2.62 12.33 7.39 n/a

Other 2.85 2.43 2.21 2.33 3.44 2.06 2.17 2.53 2.38 n/a

PNW 2.23 2.26 2.20 2.29 2.12 1.99 2.17 2.36 2.24 7.14

Southeast 5.50 4.48 3.55 3.30 2.63 1.62 3.23 3.95 4.17 n/a

Texas 2.61 2.38 2.35 2.20 3.28 1.57 2.38 2.64 2.36 2.17

TexasMexico 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.08 2.87 1.52 2.25 2.51 2.28 2.10

2nd Quarter, 2020 1st Quarter, 2020

U.S. Origin April May June January February March

Arizona 2.85 3.04 3.18 2.92 2.62 2.87

Arizona-Mexico 2.24 2.65 2.71 2.54 2.43 2.61

California 2.73 2.67 2.99 2.99 2.75 2.87

Florida 2.07 2.45 2.34 1.98 2.23 2.15

Great Lakes 3.43 3.41 3.34 3.52 3.49 3.49

New York 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06

Other 2.50 2.30 2.37 2.66 2.65 2.70

PNW 2.09 1.95 1.91 2.30 2.22 2.09

Southeast 3.79 3.28 3.43 3.79 3.79 3.79

Texas n/a 2.22 2.43 n/a n/a n/a

Texas-Mexico 2.35 2.11 2.28 2.67 2.34 2.46
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices 

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant component 

underlying truck rates.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Table 4: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 2nd Quarter 2020 ($/Truck)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Figure 2: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

U.S. Origin

Destination

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los 

Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia Seattle

Arizona 5,850 7,236 8,036 5,357 4,043 n/a 6,850 7,871 7,621 n/a

ArizonaMexico 4,423 5,535 6,577 3,854 2,612 1,362 5,177 6,323 6,065 n/a

California 5,699 7,031 7,683 5,142 4,011 n/a 6,838 7,434 7,207 3,226

Florida 1,216 2,400 3,226 2,330 n/a 4,644 740 2,959 2,441 n/a

Great 

Lakes 2,973 3,046 5,160 1,143 2,984 n/a 4,265 3,475 3,121 n/a

New York 3,500 1,750 2,000 n/a n/a n/a 3,800 1,850 1,700 n/a

Other 2,458 4,174 4,398 2,273 1,770 1,913 4,457 4,001 4,182 n/a

PNW 5,184 5,559 6,045 4,098 3,901 2,024 6,075 6,006 5,611 1,000

Southeast 1,543 2,083 3,205 2,821 2,500 3,800 2,132 2,729 2,410 n/a

Texas 2,767 4,100 4,992 2,992 1,408 2,383 3,475 5,017 4,300 5,033

TexasMexico 2,781 4,231 5,077 2,977 1,435 2,438 3,446 5,012 4,338 5,038

2.55

2.63

2.87

3.02

3.20 3.24

3.26

3.02

3.12

3.02 3.06

2.90

2.43 2.30

2.50

2.70

2.90

3.10

3.30

3.50

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Gallon

U.S. diesel prices were down 16% 

from last quarter and were down 22% 

from the same quarter last year.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit 

and vegetable movements.

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and Truck Rates

Region 2nd Quarter 2020 Price 

$/Gallon

Change From Last 

Quarter

Change From Same 

Quarter Last Year

East Coast 2.53 -14% -20%

California 3.23 -14% -20%

New England 2.66 -13% -17%

Central Atlantic 2.71 -13% -19%

Lower Atlantic 2.39 -15% -21%

Gulf Coast 2.21 -17% -23%

Midwest 2.28 -18% -24%

Rocky Mountain 2.39 -17% -23%

West Coast Except California 2.6 -16% -21%

U.S. 2.43 -16% -22%

Table 5: Average Diesel Fuel Prices (All Types)

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and Energy Information Administration/

U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by origin volume.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 3: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Mile

$/Gallon

Diesel Fuel 0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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Table 6: Average Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and 

Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Year Quarter Diesel Fuel 

($/gallon)

Truck Rates 

($/mile) 

501-1500 

miles

% Change From

Last Quarter Last Year

Diesel Truck Diesel Truck

2017 Q2 2.55 2.41 -1% 29% 11% 2%

Q3 2.63 2.33 3% -4% 10% -7%

Q4 2.87 2.56 9% 10% 16% 25%

2018 Q1 3.02 2.82 5% 10% 18% 51%

Q2 3.20 2.99 6% 6% 25% 24%

Q3 3.24 2.74 1% -8% 23% 18%

Q4 3.26 2.84 1% 4% 14% 11%

2019 Q1 3.02 2.59 -8% -9% < 1% -8%

Q2 3.12 2.60 4% < 1% -2% -13%

Q3 3.02 2.47 -3% -5% -7% -10%

Q4 3.06 2.52 1% 2% -6% -11%

2020 Q1 2.90 2.56 -5% 2% -4% -1%

Q2 2.43 2.52 -16% -2% -22% -3%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Quarterly Truck Availability

Table 7: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

California, Central, And 

Western Arizona Commodity 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

Central San Joaquin Valley 

California Iceberg Lettuce, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce 3 3 3

Imperial, Coachella & Palo 

Verde Valleys California Bell Peppers, Corn, Beans, Eggplant 3 3 4 4

Imperial, Palo Verde And 

Coachella Valleys, California 

And Central And Western 

Arizona

Bell Peppers, Corn, Beans, Eggplant, Melons, Lettuce, Broccoli, 

Cauliflower, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Kern District California Carrots 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

Oxnard District California Cabbage, Cilantro, Kale, Parsley, Celery, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce, 

Strawberries 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

Salinas-Watsonville 

California

Berries, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Lettuce, Romaine, Leaf 

Lettuce 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

San Joaquin Valley California Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, Blueberries 3 3 3 3 3

Santa Maria California Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Lettuce, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce, 

Strawberries 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

South District California Citrus, Avocados 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

Florida Commodities 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

Central & South Florida Melons, Tomatoes, Mixed Vegetables, Berries 3 2 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

Florida Potatoes 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

South Florida Melons 3 3 3 3 4 3 3

Great Lakes (MI & WI) Commodity 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

Central Wisconsin Potatoes 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Michigan Apples 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Table 7, continued: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

Pacific Northwest (ID, OR, &, 

WA) Commodity 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

Columbia Basin Washington Potatoes, Onions 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

Idaho And Malheur County, 

Oregon Onions 3 3 3 2 2

Upper Valley, Twin FallsBurley District Idaho Potatoes 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee 

District Washington Apples, Pears, Cherries, Apricots 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Southeast (GA, SC, & NC) Commodity 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

Eastern North Carolina Sweet Potatoes 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5

South Carolina Melons, Tomatoes 5 5

South Georgia Beans, Cantaloupe, Corn, Cucumber, Eggplant, Watermelon, 

Peppers, Squash, Cabbage, Melons 3 3 3 3 3

Vidalia District Georgia Onions 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

U.S.-Mexico border Commodity 4/7 4/14 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30

 Nogales, Arizona

Mangos, Grapes, Plum, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Honeydews, 

Watermelons, Squash, Peppers, Eggplant, Mixed Vegetables, 

Melons, Beans

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3

 Texas Limes, Mangos, Tomatoes, Broccoli, Mixed Fruit and Vegetables 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3

Southern New Mexico Onions 3 3 3 4 4
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q

2017 2018 2019 2020

(1,000 Tons)

2nd quarter 2020 U.S. shipments increased 

7% compared to the previous quarter, and 

increased 5% compared to the same quarter 

last year.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Reported U.S. Shipments

Table 8: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2020 10,073 10,741 20,814

2019 9,381 10,246 8,687 8,732 37,046

2018 9,421 10,795 8,789 8,503 37,508

2017 8,072 9,642 8,479 8,267 34,459

2016 8,094 9,761 8,541 8,188 34,583

2015 8,118 9,630 8,324 7,771 33,842

2014 7,733 9,139 8,080 7,725 32,677

2013 7,451 8,972 7,762 7,527 31,712

2012 7,577 9,008 7,774 7,532 31,890

2011 7,007 8,981 7,887 7,988 31,863

2010 7,065 8,881 7,985 7,522 31,454

2009 7,158 8,728 7,990 7,270 31,147

2008 7,059 8,666 7,426 6,904 30,057

2007 6,959 8,585 7,475 7,099 30,118

2006 6,335 8,400 7,854 6,960 29,550

2005 6,877 8,324 7,737 7,387 30,325

2004 6,867 8,331 6,876 6,732 28,807

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 4: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

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Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Previous 

Quarter

Same Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Watermelons, 

Seedless 1,469 114 1,634 1,193% -10%

Potatoes 1,108 1,166 1,078 -5% 3%

Apples 761 936 685 -19% 11%

Onions Dry 741 671 717 10% 3%

Oranges 735 1,024 693 -28% 6%

Avocados 577 616 318 -6% 82%

Tomatoes 504 651 485 -23% 4%

Tomatoes, Plum 

Type 482 505 446 -4% 8%

Cucumbers 455 533 407 -15% 12%

Strawberries 416 365 397 14% 5%

Table 9: Reported Top 10 Commodity Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Reported Shipments by Selected Commodities

Table 10: Reported Top 10 Regions (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: On Jan. 1, 2020, Specialty Crops Market News transitioned to the Department of Homeland Security ACE reporting system. According to 

AMS Speciality Crops Program, ACE is a more complete data system than their prior source and is an important factor behind the large increase in 

movements from the Canada border.

Origin 2nd Quarter 2020 Volume % Change from Last Quarter % Change From Same 

Quarter Last Year

California 3,372 38 11%

Mexico 2,957 -3% 11%

PNW 1,493 -2 -1%

Florida 950 29% -9%

Southeast 640 416% -15%

Texas 308 82% -14%

Canada* 212 48% 1,257%

Arizona 196 -75% -20%

Colorado 158 -27% -16%

Great Lakes 134 -32% 25%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Regional Markets

Volume

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from California during second quarter 2020 were 

3.37 million tons, an increase of 11 percent from the same quarter last year (year to year). The top five 

commodities increased by 4 percent from year to year. Four of the top 5 commodities saw year-to-year 

increases this quarter, including oranges (4 percent), strawberries (7 percent), iceberg lettuce (1 percent), 

and romaine lettuce (7 percent). Lemon shipments fell by 2 percent. 

Rates

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $2.81 per mile, a 

2-percent decrease quarter to quarter, but a 5-percent increase year to year. 

Truck Overview

Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.23 per gallon, a 14-percent decrease quarter to quarter and a 20-percent 

decrease year to year. Shippers throughout California reported adequate truck availability on average in April 

and June, but slight shortage conditions in May. 

Table 11: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from California (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

California

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Share of 

California 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter Last 

Year

Current Quarter as % 

change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr 

Last Year

Oranges 662 20% 927 633 -29% 4%

Strawberries 387 11% 64 362 503% 7%

Lettuce, Iceberg 305 9% 57 302 433% 1%

Lemons 304 9% 352 310 -14% -2%

Lettuce, Romaine 250 7% 49 233 410% 7%

Top 5 Total 1,907 57% 1,449 1,840 32% 4%

California Total 3,372 100% 2,441 3,039 38% 11%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 5: California Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

$2.81

$2.51

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Table 12: California Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

Region/Reporting District April May June 2nd Quarter

Central San Joaquin Valley California 3 - - 3

Imperial, Coachella & Palo Verde Valleys California 3 3.67 - 3.33

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona 3 3 3 3

Kern District California 3 3.5 3 3.17

Oxnard District California 3 3.5 3 3.17

Salinas-Watsonville California 3 3.5 3 3.17

San Joaquin Valley California - - 3 3

Santa Maria California 3 3.5 3 3.17

South District California 3 3.75 3 3.25

Regional Average Availability 3 3.49 3 3.16

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.28 3.18 3.22 3.23
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 6: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for California

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Volume

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Mexico during second quarter 2020 were 2.96 million 

tons, an 11-percent increase year to year. The sum of the top five commodities increased 6 percent year to 

year. Decreases in the top commodity, seedless watermelon (19 percent), as well as grapes (8 percent) were 

offset by a large increase in avocado shipments (89 percent), as well as increases in tomatoes, plum type (9 

percent), and cucumbers (6 percent). 

Rates

In second quarter 2020, truck rates for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Arizona 

border crossings averaged $2.55 per mile, up 1 percent from quarter to quarter but down 6 percent year to 

year. Rates for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Texas border crossings averaged $2.25 

per mile, down 10 percent quarter to quarter and down 1 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview

Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Arizona averaged $2.60 per gallon, decreasing by 16 percent 

quarter to quarter and by 21 percent year to year. Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Texas averaged 

$2.21 per gallon, a 17-percent decrease quarter to quarter, and a 23-percent decrease year to year. Shippers 

at Mexico border crossings in both Arizona and Texas reported adequate truck availability through the 

quarter. 

Table 13: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Mexico (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

U.S.-Mexico Border

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Share of 

Mexico Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter Last 

Year

Current Quarter as % 

change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, 

Seedless 297 10% 56 366 427% -19%

Avocados 242 8% 294 128 -18% 89%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 226 8% 231 207 -2% 9%

Grapes 184 6% < 1 199 - -8%

Cucumbers 183 6% 254 174 -28% 6%

Top 5 Total 1,134 38% 836 1,074 36% 6%

Mexico Total 2,957 100% 3,042 2,674 -3% 11%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 16

Texas California Arizona New Mexico

Commodity

2nd 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

2nd 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

2nd 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

2nd 

Quarter 

2020

Avocados 239 Onions Green 42 Watermelons, 

Seedless 297 Onions Dry 48 

Limes 158 Misc Tropical 35 Grapes 177 Peppers, 

Other 9 

Mangoes 123 Tomatoes, 

Plum Type 30 Tomatoes, Plum Type 118 Misc Tropical 3 

Tomatoes 106 Cucumbers 23 Cucumbers 97 Limes < 1 

Tomatoes, 

Plum Type 78 Brussels Sprouts 20 Squash 96 Garlic < 1

Mexico through 

TX Total 1,395 

Mexico 

through CA 

Total

 354 Mexico through 

AZ Total 1,148 

Mexico 

through NM 

Total

 61 

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

Table 14: Top 5 Commodities Shipped to U.S. from Mexico by State of Entry (1,000 tons)

$2.87

$2.40

$2.29

$2.44

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 7: Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 17

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$2.87

$2.25

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$2.55

$2.44

$2.38

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Figure 8: Texas Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

Figure 9: Arizona Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 18

Table 15: Truck Overview from the U.S.-Mexico Border

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

April May June 2nd Quarter

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 3 3.25 3 3.08

Mexico Crossings Through Texas 3 2.5 3.2 2.9

Regional Average Availability 3 2.88 3.1 2.99

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Texas 2.27 2.17 2.18 2.21

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Arizona 2.67 2.55 2.58 2.60

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 10: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings from the U.S-Mexico Border
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 19

Volume

During second quarter 2020, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the PNW were 1.49 

million tons, decreasing by 1 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities also decreased by 1 

percent year to year. Decreases in shipments of dry onions (39 percent), pears (18 percent), and potatoes (1 

percent), were offset by increases in shipments of apples (11 percent) and cherries (13 percent). 

Rates

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $1.99 per mile, 

decreasing 10 percent quarter to quarter, but increasing by 2 percent year to year.

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.60 per gallon, with decreases of 16 percent quarter to quarter and 21 percent 

year to year. Shippers in the PNW on average reported adequate truck availability through the quarter. 

Table 16: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from the PNW (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

PNW

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Share of 

PNW Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter Last 

Year

Current Quarter as % 

change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr 

Last Year

Apples 685 46% 811 617 -16% 11%

Potatoes 511 34% 521 517 -2% -1%

Onions Dry 124 8% 406 203 -69% -39%

Cherries 92 6% 0 81 - 13%

Pears 70 5% 137 84 -49% -18%

Top 5 Total 1,482 99% 1,876 1,503 -21% -1%

PNW Total 1,493 100% 1,876 1,513 -2% -1%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 20

$7.14

$1.99

$2.22

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

$9.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 11: PNW Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

April May June 2nd Quarter

Columbia Basin Washington 2.79 2.5 3.4 2.90

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon 2.75 2 - 2.38

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho 2.75 2.5 3.4 2.88

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District Washington 2.5 3 3 2.83

Regional Average Availability 2.70 2.5 3.27 2.82

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.67 2.55 2.58 2.60

Table 17: PNW Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 21

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 12: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for the PNW

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 22

Volume

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Florida during second quarter 2020 were 950,000 

tons, down 9 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities decreased 3 percent year to year. 

Increased shipments of seedless watermelon (6 percent) and oranges (37 percent) were offset by decreased 

shipments of tomatoes (33 percent), potatoes (18 percent), and corn-sweet (3 percent). 

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $2.27 per mile, up 7 

percent quarter to quarter, but down 10 percent year to year.

Truck Overview

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.38 per gallon, down 15 percent quarter to quarter and down 21 percent year 

to year. Shippers in the Central and South Florida regions reported adequate truck availability in April, but 

slight shortage and shortage conditions in May and June, respectively. The other Florida regions reported 

adequate conditions throughout the quarter except for a week-long slight shortage in early April and early 

May.

Table 18: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Florida (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Florida 

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Share of 

Florida Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter Last 

Year

Current Quarter as % 

change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, 

Seedless 453 48% 1 427 - 6%

Corn-Sweet 103 11% 68 107 53% -3%

Tomatoes 88 9% 129 131 -32% -33%

Potatoes 71 7% 37 86 91% -18%

Oranges 42 4% 47 31 -11% 37%

Top 5 Total 756 80% 281 781 169% -3%

Florida Total 950 100% 738 1,039 29% -9%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 23

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 13: Florida Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

Table 19: Florida Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

April May June 2nd Quarter

Central & South Florida 3.25 4.25 4.75 4.08

Florida 3.25 3 3 3.08

South Florida 3 3.33 - 3.17

Regional Average Availability 3.17 3.53 3.88 3.52

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.44 2.35 2.36 2.39

$2.89

$2.27

$1.91

$1.85

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 24

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 14: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Florida

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Oct Sep Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 25

Volume 

During second quarter 2020, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the Southeast were 

640,000 tons, down 15 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities also decreased 15 percent 

year to year. Significant decreases in corn-sweet (49 percent), blueberries (27 percent), and seedless 

watermelon (8 percent) were not offset by 1-percent increases in both dry onions and sweet potatoes. 

Rates

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $3.43 per mile, down 

9 percent quarter to quarter and down 12 percent year to year.

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.38 per gallon, down 15 percent quarter to quarter and down 21 percent year 

to year. Shippers in the Southeast reported adequate truck availability throughout the quarter, except for 

June in South Carolina when shippers rated availability as a shortage. 

Table 20: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from the Southeast(1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Southeast

Commodity 2nd Quarter 

2020

Share of 

Southeast 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter Last 

Year

Current Quarter as % 

change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr 

Last Year

Watermelons, 

Seedless 213 33% 0 233 - -8%

Onions Dry 77 12% 0 77 - 1%

Sweet Potatoes 66 10% 74 66 -10% 1%

Corn-Sweet 53 8% 0 103 - -49%

Blueberries 25 4% 0 35 - -27%

Top 5 Total 435 68% 74 513 488% -15%

Southeast Total 640 100% 124 752 416% -15%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 26

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 15: Southeast Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

$5.24

$3.43

$1.62

$0.00

$2.00

$4.00

$6.00

$8.00

$10.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles

Table 21: Southeast Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

Region/Reporting District Availability Rating, 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage

April May June 2nd Quarter

Eastern North Carolina 3 3 3.4 3.13

South Carolina - - 5 5

South Georgia - - 3 3

Vidalia District Georgia - 3 3 3

Regional Average Availability 3 3 3.6 3.2

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.44 2.35 2.36 2.39
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 27

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 16: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for the Southeast

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 28

Data Sources

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report by USDA, Agricultural 

Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division. The website is: 

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-home.

Regional Markets

For the regional markets, some States are grouped into producing regions. The Pacific Northwest region 

includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes Michigan, Minnesota, and 

Wisconsin. The Southeast region includes North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Shipment Volumes

Truck shipments for all commodities and origins are not available. Those obtainable are reported, but should 

not be interpreted as representing complete movements of a commodity. Truck shipments from all States are 

collected at shipping points and include both interstate and intrastate movements. They are obtained from 

various sources, including Federal marketing orders, administrative committees, Federal State Inspection 

Service, and shippers. Volume amounts are represented in 10,000 pound units, or 1,000 10-lb packages 

but are converted to 1,000 tons for this report. Mexican border crossings through Arizona and Texas data is 

obtained from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border and Protection (CBP) 

through USDA, AMS, Market News.

Rates

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report. Rates quoted represent 

open (spot) market rates that shippers or receivers pay depending on basis of sale, per load, including truck 

brokers fees for shipments in truck load volume to a single destination. Extra charges for delivery to terminal 

markets, multipickup and multidrop shipments are not included unless otherwise stated. Rates are based on 

the most usual loads in 48-53 foot trailers from the origin shipping area to the destination receiving city. In 

areas where rates are based on package rates, per load rates were derived by multiplying the package rate by 

the number of packages in the most usual load in a 48-53 foot trailer. Slightly cheaper rates will be reported 

during Quarters 2 and 3 as about 50 percent of onion shipments from California are hauled on open flatbed 

trailers. During Quarter 3, less than 20 percent of onions hauled from Washington, Idaho, and Oregon are on 

open flatbeds.

Regional Rates

Rate data for 10 destination markets are used to calculate average origin regional rates.

National Rates

The national rates reflect the average of the regional rates, separated by mileage category and weighted by 

volume between origin and destination.

Terms and References
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 2, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 29

Authors

April Taylor, Coordinator; Quarterly Overview and U.S. Diesel Prices

April.Taylor@usda.gov, 202.720.7880 

Brian McGregor, Regulatory News/Updates 

Brian.McGregor@usda.gov, 202.720.0035 

Jesse Gastelle, Data Analysis 

Jesse.Gastelle@usda.gov, 202.690.1144 

Patty Willkie, Specialty Crops Program and Market News Division Data 

Patty.Willkie@usda.gov, 202.720.2175 

To subscribe, please send an e-mail to April.Taylor@usda.gov. Printed copies are available upon request. 

For assistance with accessibility issues related to this document, please e-mail SharonC.Williams@usda.gov. 

Related Websites

USDA's Agricultural Transportation Open Data Platform

https://agtransport.usda.gov/

Specialty Crops Program

http://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/specialty-crops-program

Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report

http://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/fruits-vegetables 

Economic Research Service Vegetable and Pulses 

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses/ 

Economic Research Service Fruit and Tree Nuts 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/fruit-tree-nuts.aspx

National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crops

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php?sector=CROPS

Refrigerated Truck Quarterly Datasets

https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agricultural-refrigerated-truck-quarterly-datasets

Protecting Perishable Foods During Transport by Truck and Rail

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HS/HS132800.pdf

Preferred Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 

Report. October 2020 Web. <https://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS051.10-2020>

Photo Credit

Burt Barnes

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