SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-3711-19

W. JAMES MAC NAUGHTON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

POWER LAW FIRM, LLP, 

JINHEE BAE, and

MEGHAN MAIER,

Defendants-Respondents.

___________________________

Submitted April 28, 2021 – Decided July 15, 2021

Before Judges Alvarez and Mitterhoff.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law 

Division, Sussex County, Docket No. L-0523-19.

W. James Mac Naughton, appellant pro se.

Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman & Dicker, LLP, 

attorneys for respondents (Michael P. Chipko, of 

counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the 

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
2

A-3711-19

Plaintiff W. James Mac Naughton appeals from a May 27, 2020 order 

granting summary judgment to defendants Power Law Firm, LLP, Jinhee Bae

(Bae), and Meghan Maier (Maier). On appeal, plaintiff principally argues that 

the motion judge erred in applying the entire controversy doctrine (ECD) and 

Rule 4:5-1(b)(2) to dismiss his claims against defendants. We affirm, 

substantially for the reasons set forth in Judge David J. Weaver's comprehensive 

twenty-six-page written decision that accompanied the order under review. 

We discern the following facts from the record. In December 2007, Roger 

Mac Naughton (Roger) and Madalyn Mac Naughton (Madalyn) executed a 

Living Trust Agreement prepared by defendant Power Law Firm, LLP. Roger 

was designated the initial trustee until he was unwilling or unable to serve, at 

which point plaintiff, George Mac Naughton (George), and Robert Titus (Bob) 

would serve as co-trustees. Plaintiff is Roger and Madalyn's son, and is also an 

attorney licensed in New Jersey. George is plaintiff's brother and Bob is 

plaintiff's brother-in-law. Roger died in 2008, making plaintiff, George, and 

Bob co-trustees. 

"In . . . 2012, a dispute arose between the [c]o-[t]rustees concerning the 

use of a vacation home in Cape Cod, which was one of the trust's assets." 

Plaintiff, George, and Bob, as co-trustees, consulted defendants for legal advice 
3

A-3711-19

regarding the management of the trust's assets. Under the advice and guidance 

of defendants, the co-trustees entered into an agreement, drafted by plaintiff, for 

the management of the trust's assets. The agreement vested complete authority 

over the Cape Cod residence to George and, in exchange, plaintiff and Bob had 

the right to use the cash accounts for their personal use, to be treated as an 

advance distribution of the estate. 

A second dispute arose concerning plaintiff's use of the trust accounts for 

personal purposes. In March 2017, George and Bob consulted with defendants 

for legal advice concerning this dispute. Over the next several months, George 

and Bob worked closely with Maier. Maier sent plaintiff multiple letters 

informing him, among other things, that he "may be in breach of [his] fiduciary 

duties." In May 2017, plaintiff wrote to Maier asking "who [she] and [her] firm 

represent[ed] in this matter." After Maier responded that she represented 

George and Bob, plaintiff wrote Maier a letter indicating that he did "not agree 

to any payments to [her] firm or any other law firm to provide legal services to 

the [c]o-[t]rustees to pursue adversarial actions against [him]. [See] RPC 1.8(f)." 

Plaintiff specified: 

Before the [c]o-[t]rustees agree to personally retain and 

pay your firm to represent them in this matter, I ask you 

to consider the conflicts of interest that will pose. 

[Defendant] Power Law Firm LL[P] is a witness to the 
4

A-3711-19

2012 [a]greement and could become a witness in a 

lawsuit if this dispute should progress to that stage. I 

am also skeptical that shifting from representing the 

[t]rust to representing two out three [t]rustees against 

the other [t]rustee does not run afoul of RPC 1.7 and 

1.9.

In an attempt to resolve the matter, Maier drafted a proposed promissory 

note, the terms of which plaintiff rejected. She then sent George and Bob an 

email informing them that their options were to "either draft a more friendly 

promissory note" or "start the litigation process." After George and Bob chose 

the latter option, Maier referred them to Dunn Lambert, LLC (Dunn Lambert) 

for purposes of litigation. 

In May 2018,1 George and Bob, represented by Dunn Lambert, filed an 

amended verified complaint against plaintiff. Plaintiff, who appeared pro se, 

filed counterclaims and cross-claims along with a form Rule 4:5-1 certification 

appended thereto affirming that no other litigation was pending or 

contemplated.2 The matter involved extensive discovery and litigation, which 

included the depositions of both Bae and Maier. In September 2019, the matter 

1

 The initial complaint was filed in January 2018. 

2

 Plaintiff admittedly never amended this certification. 
5

A-3711-19

ultimately settled and was subsequently dismissed with prejudice in October 

2019. 

In November 2019, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendants alleging

legal malpractice, breach of fiduciary duty, and breach of fiduciary duty to a 

former client. Defendants filed an answer and simultaneously moved for 

summary judgment, which plaintiff opposed. 

On May 27, 2020, following oral argument, Judge Weaver granted 

defendants' motion and dismissed plaintiff's complaint. The judge held "that 

[p]laintiff’s failure to apprise the court [of] the [initial] [a]ction . . . against 

[d]efendants runs afoul of the [ECD] and [Rule] 4:5-1." Plaintiff's assertions 

concerning the futility of amending the pleadings in the initial action were not 

relevant to the inquiry. Additionally, there was overwhelming evidence that 

plaintiff was aware of the viability of the claims he was now bringing and, in 

fact, the settlement even contemplated them. Thus, plaintiff's failure to join 

defendants in the initial action was "unreasonable and inexcusable." 

Analyzing the Hobert3factors, which guide courts in determining whether 

inexcusable neglect and substantial prejudice are present, "the [judge] reache[d] 

3

 Hobart Bros. Co. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co., 354 N.J. Super. 229 (App. Div. 

2002).
6

A-3711-19

a similar conclusion." He observed that "there [was] strong evidence to suggest 

that this was a part of a strategy on the part" of plaintiff. Plaintiff could benefit 

by the "higher legal bill" generated in through two actions because his alleged 

attorney's fees were "his only damages." 

Further, the judge found that there was no excuse for plaintiff to not at 

least inform the court of the other action in his Rule 4:5-1 certification. The 

judge commented that plaintiff sought to "underwrite" his expenses in the 

underlying action, noting that plaintiff was using the settlement of the initial 

lawsuit "as a sword against . . . [d]efendants to his benefit." 

Additionally, the judge found defendants "would be subject to substantial 

prejudice." He noted that defendants were deprived of the opportunity to have 

"any meaningful participation in an extensive discovery process." The 

piecemeal litigation "prevented [defendants] from cross-examining deponents, 

participating in and challenging discovery, and otherwise defending themselves 

during the proceedings [on] which [p]laintiff now place[d] substantial 

emphasis." On a similar note, the judge held "[t]his extra litigation could have 

been avoided if [p]laintiff was upfront with his claims." He placed considerable 

weight on the fact that additional depositions would be required. The judge also 
7

A-3711-19

determined plaintiff's conduct "resulted in the unnecessary expenditure of 

meaningful judicial resources." 

Finally, the judge rejected plaintiff's claim that the entire controversy 

doctrine did not apply in legal malpractice claims. Citing Olds v. Donnelly, 150 

N.J. 424 (1997), he determined that asserting in the initial action the malpractice 

claims raised in the current action would not have strained the attorney-client 

relationship. The judge reasoned "the relationship between [p]laintiff[] and 

[d]efendants was strained and untenable well before the [initial] [a]ction 

commenced." This appeal ensued. 

It is well-settled that we review a summary judgment decision by "the 

same standard that governs the motion judge's determination." RSI Bank v. 

Providence Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 234 N.J. 459, 472 (2018) (citing Bhagat v. 

Bhagat, 217 N.J. 22, 38 (2014)). A motion for summary judgment should be 

granted only "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and 

admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no 

genuine issue as to any material fact challenged" and the party seeking this relief 

"is entitled to a judgment or order as a matter of law." R. 4:46-2(c). Under the 

summary judgment standard, courts must consider the factual record, and 

reasonable inferences that can be drawn from those facts, "in the light most 
8

A-3711-19

favorable to the non-moving party," to decide whether the moving party was 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. IE Test, LLC v. Carroll, 226 N.J. 166, 

184 (2016) (citing Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 540 

(1995)). 

The ECD reflects a "long-held preference that related claims and matters 

arising among related parties be adjudicated together rather than in separate, 

successive, fragmented, or piecemeal litigation." Kent Motor Cars, Inc. v. 

Reynolds & Reynolds Co., 207 N.J. 428, 443 (2011). As codified in Rule 4:30A, 

the ECD "embodies the principle that the adjudication of a legal controversy 

should occur in one litigation in only one court; accordingly, all parties involved 

in a litigation should at the very least present in that proceeding all of their 

claims and defenses that are related to the underlying controversy." Wadeer v. 

N.J. Mfrs. Ins. Co., 220 N.J. 591, 605 (2015) (quoting Highland Lakes Country 

Club & Cmty. Ass'n v. Nicastro, 201 N.J. 123, 125 (2009)).

In its current iteration, Rule 4:30A does not mandate the joinder of parties.

Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 1 on R. 4:30A (2021). 

However, Rule 4:5-1(b)(2) requires a party to certify in his or her initial pleading 

"the names of any non-party who should be joined in the action . . . or who is 

subject to joinder . . . because of potential liability to any party on the basis of 
9

A-3711-19

the same transactional facts." The disclosure requirement ensures that the 

"ultimate authority to control the joinder of parties and claims remains with the 

court; the parties may not choose to withhold related aspects of a claim from 

consideration." Kent Motor Cars, 207 N.J. at 446. The court may dismiss a 

successive action brought by a party for non-compliance if "the failure of 

compliance was inexcusable and the right of the undisclosed party to defend the 

successive action has been substantially prejudiced by not having been 

identified in the prior action." R. 4:5-1(b)(2). 

"The [ECD] . . . is constrained by principles of equity. It 'does not apply 

to unknown or unaccrued claims.'" Dimitrakopoulos v. Borrus, Goldin, Foley, 

Vignuolo, Hyman & Stahl, PC, 237 N.J. 91, 99 (2019) (quoting Wadeer, 220 

N.J. at 606). "In considering whether application of the doctrine is fair, courts 

should consider fairness to the court system as a whole, as well as to all parties." 

Wadeer, 220 N.J. at 605 (citing DiTrolio v. Antiles, 142 N.J. 253, 273-74 

(1995)). 

With these guiding principles in mind, we discern no factual or legal basis 

to disturb Judge Weaver's thoughtful and thorough decision. As Judge Weaver 

found, plaintiff was aware as early as 2017 of the potential claims he had against 

defendants. Therefore, plaintiff's failure to assert the claim, or at least advise 
10 A-3711-19

the court of "any non-party who should be joined in the action . . . or who is 

subject to joinder . . . because of potential liability to any party on the basis of 

the same transactional facts" as required by Rule 4:5-1(b)(2) was "inexcusable"

as it was apparently a deliberate strategy to obtain depositions and discovery to 

utilize in a subsequent action. We also agree that defendants were substantially 

prejudiced from this inexcusable failure. Defendants were deprived the 

opportunity to participate in the extensive discovery process in the underlying 

action. To permit plaintiff to duplicate that process would be unfair to 

defendants and, as Judge Weaver noted, unjustifiably deplete valuable judicial 

resources. 

Affirmed.