Agricultural Refrigerated 

Truck Quarterly

a quarterly publication of the Agricultural Marketing Service

Contents

National Summary.......................... 2

Quarterly Overview .......................... 2

U.S. Truck Rates ................................ 3

Truck Rates for Selected Routes........ 4

U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices ...................... 5

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and 

Truck Rates........................................ 6

Quarterly Truck Availability............... 8

Reported U.S. Shipments................ 10

Reported Shipments by Selected 

Commodities................................... 11

Regional Markets...........................12

U.S.-Mexico Border......................... 12

California......................................... 16

PNW................................................ 19

Arizona ........................................... 22

Florida............................................. 25

Additional Information..................28

Terms and References..................... 28

Contact Us....................................... 29

Quarter 4, October-December, 2020

Published August 2021

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq/

https://agtransport.usda.gov/
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Fruit and Vegetable Shipments 

During fourth quarter 2020, reported U.S. truck shipments of fresh produce were 9.01 million tons, 1 percent lower 

than the previous quarter but 3 percent higher than the same quarter last year. 

Also, in the fourth quarter, shipments from the Mexico border were 2.68 million tons, higher than those from any 

other reported origin and accounting for 30 percent of the total reported shipments of fresh fruit and vegetables. 

The remainder of the top five regions by volume are as follows: shipments from California, were 2.34 million tons, 

representing 26 percent of the total, shipments from the Pacific Northwest (PNW) were 1.84 million tons, representing 

20 percent of the total, movements from Arizona were 386,000 tons, representing 4 percent of the reported total, and 

finally, Florida shipments were 305,000 tons, representing 3 percent of the reported total. 

These top five commodities accounted for 38 percent of the reported truck movements during fourth quarter 2020: 

► Potatoes (13 percent)

► Apples (10 percent)

► Onions, dry (6 percent)

► Oranges (5 percent)

► Tomatoes (4 percent)

Truck Rates 

The table below provides a snapshot of quarterly truck rates for U.S. produce shipments over four mileage 

categories—0-500; 501-1,500; 1,501-2,500; and 2,501+ miles. Please note the U.S. average truck rates provided below 

were calculated using weighted regional rates and volumes.

Diesel Fuel 

During fourth quarter 2020, the U.S. diesel fuel price averaged $2.466 per gallon—up 2 percent from the previous 

quarter but 19 percent lower than the same quarter last year.

National Summary

Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted by commodity and origin volume.

0-500 miles 501-1,500 miles 1,501-2,500 miles 2,501+ miles

Q4 2019 3.21 2.52 2.29 1.37

Q1 2020 2.73 2.56 2.36 1.60

Q2 2020 2.57 2.51 2.27 1.55

Q3 2020 2.95 2.56 2.53 1.44

Q4 2020 3.26 2.92 2.85 1.66

Q4 Change from 

Previous Quarter 11% 14% 13% 15%

Q4 Change from Same 

Quarter Last Year 2% 16% 24% 21%

Quarterly Overview
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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U.S. Truck Rates

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by commodity and origin volume.

Table 1: Average U.S. Truck Rates for Selected Routes Between 501 and 1,500 Miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data. 

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rate, weighted 

by commodity and origin volume.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 1: Average Truck Rates for Selected Routes ($/Mile) 

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

2020 2.56 2.51 2.56 2.92

2019 2.59 2.60 2.47 2.52

2018 2.82 2.99 2.74 2.84

2017 1.86 2.41 2.33 2.56

2016 2.22 2.37 2.49 2.06

2015 2.47 2.63 2.59 2.36

2014 2.32 2.67 2.64 2.49

2013 2.24 2.60 2.62 2.27

2012 2.10 2.54 2.45 2.29

2011 2.02 2.60 2.77 2.26

2010 1.82 2.21 2.33 1.94

2009 1.85 1.99 2.02 1.86

2008 2.02 2.56 2.77 2.24

3.26

2.9

2.84

1.65

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Mile 

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Truck Rates for Selected Routes

Table 2: Quarterly Rates for Key Origins by Month; 501-1,500 miles ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Table 3: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 4th Quarter 2020 ($/Mile)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

4th Quarter, 2020 3rd Quarter, 2020

U.S. Origin October November December July August September

Arizona n/a n/a 4.09 3.17 n/a n/a

California 3.24 4.34 3.84 3.01 2.98 3.15

Florida 2.33 2.27 2.53 n/a n/a n/a

Great Lakes 3.84 3.93 3.94 3.40 3.49 3.73

Mexico-Arizona 2.47 2.98 2.94 2.23 1.70 n/a

Mexico-Texas 2.66 2.79 3.13 2.32 2.26 2.44

New York 5.05 4.80 4.80 n/a n/a 5.29

Other 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.41 2.39 2.46

PNW 2.25 2.40 2.43 1.93 1.91 2.20

Southeast 6.85 5.21 4.24 4.09 5.49 6.02

Texas 3.34 3.48 3.86 2.54 2.81 3.06

Destination

U.S. Origin Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia

Arizona 3.28 3.14 3.03 3.10 4.09 n/a 3.29 3.14 3.13

California 3.22 3.16 3.03 3.19 3.90 n/a 3.15 3.14 3.22

Florida 3.19 2.39 2.45 1.93 n/a n/a n/a 2.61 2.35

Great Lakes 3.73 4.21 3.74 4.60 3.24 n/a 3.07 4.38 4.00

MexicoArizona 2.98 3.12 3.07 2.56 3.26 2.36 3.07 3.15 3.17

MexicoTexas 3.20 3.09 2.95 2.56 3.23 2.19 2.94 3.00 3.00

New York 5.21 6.49 11.74 5.41 n/a n/a 4.02 n/a 8.95

Other 3.03 2.48 3.07 2.41 3.70 2.17 2.60 2.91 2.21

PNW 2.75 2.90 2.85 2.83 2.73 2.37 2.70 2.96 2.89

Southeast 9.01 10.58 6.15 4.39 3.92 n/a 5.23 7.64 8.56

Texas 4.33 3.96 3.60 3.65 5.38 2.50 3.26 3.78 3.80
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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U.S. Diesel Fuel Prices 

The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant component 

underlying truck rates.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Table 4: Origin-Destination Truck Rates for Selected Routes, 4th Quarter 2020 ($/Truck)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: “n/a” indicates rates not available.

Figure 2: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Destination

U.S. Origin Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Miami New York Philadelphia

Arizona 6,888 8,163 8,788 6,288 5,313 n/a 8,550 8,488 8,288

California 7,220 8,602 9,230 6,717 5,756 n/a 8,867 8,924 8,902

Florida 1,147 2,376 3,424 2,026 n/a n/a n/a 3,065 2,574

Great Lakes 3,806 3,897 5,148 1,602 3,579 n/a 5,546 4,435 3,919

MexicoArizona 5,365 7,331 8,296 4,600 3,196 1,319 6,992 7,877 7,612

MexicoTexas 3,681 5,538 6,496 3,654 1,615 3,504 4,504 6,004 5,700

New York 5,211 2,141 1,995 4,544 n/a n/a 5,823 n/a 2,059

Other 2,478 4,446 6,603 2,279 1,961 2,018 5,339 4,298 4,068

PNW 6,363 7,150 7,837 5,032 4,986 2,367 8,010 7,512 7,265

Southeast 3,604 3,491 4,549 3,729 4,710 n/a 4,030 3,974 3,680

Texas 3,681 5,538 6,488 3,654 1,615 3,504 4,504 6,015 5,700

2.87

3.02 3.20

3.24 3.26

3.02

3.12

3.02

3.06

2.90

2.43

2.43 2.47

2.30

2.50

2.70

2.90

3.10

3.30

3.50

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Gallon

U.S. diesel prices were up 2% from 

last quarter and were down 19% from 

the same quarter last year.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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The diesel fuel price provides a proxy for trends in U.S. truck rates. Diesel fuel is a significant expense for fruit 

and vegetable movements.

Relationship Between Diesel Fuel and Truck Rates

Table 5: Average Diesel Fuel Prices (All Types)

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and Energy Information Administration/

U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: The rates for 8 long-haul fruit and vegetable truck corridors are included in the national rates, weighted by origin volume.

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 3: U.S. Average On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Region 4th Quarter 2020 Price 

$/Gallon

Change From Last 

Quarter Change From Last Year

East Coast 2.52 < 1% -17%

California 3.28 1% -17%

New England 2.58 -2% -16%

Central Atlantic 2.72 1% -16%

Lower Atlantic 2.38 < 1% -18%

Gulf Coast 2.22 2% -20%

Midwest 2.37 3% -20%

Rocky Mountain 2.45 4% -22%

West Coast Except California 2.65 3% -20%

U.S. 2.47 2% -19%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017 2018 2019 2020

$/Mile

$/Gallon

Diesel Fuel 0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Table 6: Average Diesel Fuel Prices and Truck Rates

Sources: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data and 

Energy Information Administration/U.S. Department of Energy data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Year Quarter Diesel Fuel 

($/gallon)

Truck Rates ($/mile) 

501-1500 miles

% Change From

Last Quarter Last Year

Diesel Truck Diesel Truck

2017 Q4 2.87 2.56 9% 10% 16% 25%

2018 Q1 3.02 2.82 5% 10% 18% 51%

Q2 3.20 2.99 6% 6% 25% 24%

Q3 3.24 2.74 1% -8% 23% 18%

Q4 3.26 2.84 1% 4% 14% 11%

2019 Q1 3.02 2.59 -8% -9% < 1% -8%

Q2 3.12 2.60 4% < 1% -2% -13%

Q3 3.02 2.47 -3% -5% -7% -10%

Q4 3.06 2.52 1% 2% -6% -11%

2020 Q1 2.90 2.56 -5% 2% -4% -1%

Q2 2.43 2.51 -16% -2% -22% -3%

Q3 2.43 2.56 > -1% 2% -20% 4%

Q4 2.47 2.92 2% 14% -19% 16%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Quarterly Truck Availability

Table 7: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

California, Central, And Western Arizona Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Imperial, Coachella & Palo Verde Valleys Ca, 

Central & Western Az & Mx Crossings Thru 

Southern Calif And San Luis

Lettuce, Leaf Lettuce, Broccoli, Cauliflower, 

Cantaloupe, Honeydews, Peppers, Romaine, 

Corn, Beans

4 5 5 5

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona

Lettuce, Leaf Lettuce, Broccoli, Cauliflower, 

Peppers 3 3 4

Kern District California Carrots, Grapes 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 3 3 4

Northern California Including San Joaquin 

Valley Pears 3 3 3 3 3

Oxnard District California Celery, Strawberries, Cilantro, Cabbage, 

Romaine, Parsley, Kale 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 4

Salinas-Watsonville California Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Strawberries, 

Berries, Lettuce, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 4

San Joaquin Valley California Grapes, Apples, Peaches, Nectarines, Plums 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3

Santa Maria California Broccoli, Cauliflower, Celery, Strawberries, 

Lettuce, Romaine, Leaf Lettuce 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 4

South District California Citrus, Avocados 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 4

Florida Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Central & South Florida Vegetables, Berries 3 3 4 5 5 3 3 5 5

West District Florida Vegetables 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5

Great Lakes (MI & WI) Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Central Wisconsin Potatoes, Onions 5 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 3 4

Michigan Apples 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Truck availability legend

1=Surplus 2=Slight surplus 3=Adequate 4=Slight shortage 5=Shortage

Table 7, continued: U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Truck Availability

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Empty cells were not reported.

U.S.-Mexico border Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

 Nogales, Arizona Cucumbers, Eggplant, Squash, Cantaloupe, 

Honeydew, Watermelon 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 5

 Texas Limes, Mangos, Tomatoes, Broccoli, Mixed Fruit 

and Vegetables 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 5 5

Southeast (GA, SC, & NC) Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Eastern North Carolina Sweet Potatoes 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 5 5

Texas and Oklahoma Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Texas Watermelons 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 5 5

Pacific Northwest (ID, OR, &, WA) Commodities 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8 12/15 12/22 12/29

Columbia Basin Washington Potatoes, Onions 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon Onions 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho Potatoes 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District 

Washington Apples, Pears 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 4
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Reported U.S. Shipments

Table 8: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Figure 4: Reported U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Shipments (1,000 Tons)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2017 2018 2019 2020

(1,000 Tons)

4th quarter 2020 U.S. shipments decreased 1% compared to the

previous quarter, butincreased 3%

compared to the same quarterlast

year.

Year 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Annual

2020 10,081 10,750 9,060 9,009 38,899

2019 9,381 10,246 8,687 8,714 37,028

2018 9,421 10,795 8,789 8,503 37,508

2017 8,072 9,642 8,479 8,267 34,459

2016 8,094 9,761 8,541 8,188 34,583

2015 8,118 9,630 8,324 7,771 33,842

2014 7,733 9,139 8,080 7,725 32,677

2013 7,451 8,972 7,762 7,527 31,712

2012 7,577 9,008 7,774 7,532 31,890

2011 7,007 8,981 7,887 7,988 31,863

2010 7,065 8,881 7,985 7,522 31,454

2009 7,158 8,728 7,990 7,270 31,147

2008 7,059 8,666 7,426 6,904 30,057

2007 6,959 8,585 7,475 7,099 30,118

2006 6,335 8,400 7,854 6,960 29,550

2005 6,877 8,324 7,737 7,387 30,325

2004 6,867 8,331 6,876 6,732 28,807
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Table 9: Reported Top 10 Commodity Shipments (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Reported Shipments by Selected Commodities

Table 10: Reported Top 10 Regions (1,000 Tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: On Jan. 1, 2020, Specialty Crops Market News transitioned to the Department of Homeland Security ACE reporting system. According to 

AMS Speciality Crops Program, ACE is a more complete data system than their prior source and is an important factor behind the large increase in 

movements from the Canada border.

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Previous 

Quarter

Same Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Potatoes 1,166 1,082 1,090 8% 7%

Apples 882 707 903 25% -2%

Onions Dry 577 611 552 -5% 5%

Oranges 437 211 486 108% -10%

Tomatoes 380 495 499 -23% -24%

Grapes 361 383 345 -6% 5%

Avocados 339 532 592 -36% -43%

Cucumbers 295 316 451 -7% -35%

Lettuce, Iceberg 289 345 353 -16% -18%

Celery 255 200 254 27% 1%

Origin 4th Quarter 2020 Volume % Change from Last Quarter % Change From Same Quarter 

Last Year

Mexico 2,676 42% 15%

California 2,339 -28% -4%

PNW 1,841 11% -2%

Arizona 386 2,054% -9%

Florida 305 1,340% -21%

Great Lakes 284 -24% 7%

Colorado 248 86% 11%

Southeast 180 -58% -11%

Canada 180 -17% 706%

New York 141 68% -5%
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Regional Markets

Volume 

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Mexico during fourth quarter 2020 were 2.7 million 

tons, a 15-percent increase year to year. The sum of the top five commodities also increased 15 percent 

year to year. Each of the top five commodities increased, with particularly sharp increases of tomatoes (35 

percent) and cucumbers (15 percent). 

Rates 

In fourth quarter 2020, truck rates for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Arizona 

border averaged $2.81 per mile, up 30 percent from quarter to quarter and up 27 percent year to year. Rates 

for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles from the Texas border averaged $2.88 per mile, up 22 

percent quarter to quarter and up 29 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from Arizona averaged $2.65 per gallon, increasing by 3 percent 

quarter to quarter but decreasing by 21 percent year to year. Diesel fuel prices for border crossings from 

Texas averaged $2.22 per gallon, a 2-percent increase quarter to quarter, but a 20-percent decrease year 

to year. Shippers at the Arizona-Mexico border and the Texas-Mexico border both reported adequate 

availability in October and slight shortage in November and December. 

Table 11: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Mexico (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

U.S.-Mexico Border

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Share of 

MexicoTotal Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Avocados 320 12% 227 292 41% 9%

Cucumbers 237 9% 104 205 128% 15%

Tomatoes 227 8% 153 168 48% 35%

Squash 170 6% 30 157 464% 8%

Peppers, Other 169 6% 132 156 28% 8%

Top 5 Total 1,122 42% 646 979 74% 15%

Mexico Total 2,676 100% 1,880 2,332 42% 15%
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Texas California Arizona New Mexico

Commodity

4th 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

4th 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

4th 

Quarter 

2020

Commodity

4th 

Quarter 

2020

Avocados 314 Tomatoes, Plum 

Type 49 Cucumbers 153 Peppers, Other 81 

Tomatoes 181 Onions Green 43 Squash 149 Corn-Sweet < 1

Limes 138 Misc Tropical 35 Watermelons, 

Seedless 133 Misc Tropical < 1

Tomatoes, 

Plum Type 95 Peppers, Other 20 Peppers, Bell Type 53 Watermelons < 1

Broccoli 79 Asparagus 18 Tomatoes 35 Cactus Leaf 

(Nopales) < 1

Mexico through 

TX Total 1,508 Mexico through CA Total 344 Mexico through AZ Total 741 Mexico through NM Total 82 

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Table 12: Top 5 Commodities Shipped to U.S. from Mexico by State of Entry (1,000 tons)

$3.23

$2.84

$2.90

$3.07

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 5: Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

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Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$3.23

$2.88

$2.81

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

$2.81

$3.07

$3.00

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Figure 6: Texas Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)

Figure 7: Arizona Truck Rates from U.S.-Mexico Border ($/Mile by Distance Traveled)
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

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Table 13: Truck Overview from the U.S.-Mexico Border

Region/Reporting District October November December 4th Quarter

Mexico Crossings Through Nogales, Arizona 3.47 4.5 4 3.99

Mexico Crossings Through Texas 3.25 4 4.2 3.82

Regional Average Availability 3.36 4.25 4.1 3.90

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Texas 2.15 2.18 2.34 2.22

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon), through Arizona 2.54 2.65 2.75 2.65

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 8: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings from the U.S-Mexico Border
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 16

California

Table 14: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from California (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Share of 

California 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Oranges 369 16% 205 417 80% -12%

Grapes 361 15% 364 345 -1% 5%

Clementines 240 10% - 231 - 4%

Celery 233 10% 171 201 36% 16%

Lemons 179 8% 138 204 30% -12%

Top 5 Total 1,382 59% 877 1,398 58% -1%

California Total 2,339 100% 3,258 2,439 -28% -4%

Volume 

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from California during fourth quarter 2020 were 2.34 

million tons, a decrease of 4 percent from the same quarter last year (year to year). The top five commodities 

decreased by 1 percent from year to year. Two of the top 5 commodities saw year-to-year decreases this 

quarter, including oranges (12 percent) and lemons (12 percent). Shipments of celery increased by 16 

percent, grapes by 5 percent, and clementines by 4 percent. 

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $3.87 per mile, a 

27-percent increase quarter to quarter, and a 28-percent increase year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $3.28 per gallon, a 1-percent increase quarter to quarter but a 17-percent 

decrease year to year. All districts in California reported adequate truck availability in October. In November 

San Joaquin Valley reported adequate availability while all other districts reported a slight truck shortage. In 

December, Oxnard District reported a slight truck shortage while all other districts reported adequate truck 

availability.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 17

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 9: California Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 15: California Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$3.87

$3.26

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District October November December 4th Quarter

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona - - 3.33 3.33

Kern District California 3 4 3.8 3.6

Oxnard District California - 4.67 3.8 4.23

Salinas-Watsonville California 3 4.25 4.5 3.92

San Joaquin Valley California 3 3.5 3.4 3.3

Santa Maria California 3 4.25 3.8 3.68

South District California 3 4 3.6 3.53

Regional Average Availability 3 4.11 3.75 3.62

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 3.25 3.25 3.36 3.28
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 18

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 10: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for California

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 19

PNW

Table 16: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from PNW (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Share of 

PNW Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Apples 714 39% 652 741 9% -4%

Potatoes 527 29% 534 531 -1% -1%

Onions Dry 445 24% 282 431 58% 3%

Pears 154 8% 46 165 231% -7%

Cranberries 1 < 1% < 1 2 - -23%

Top 5 Total 1,840 100% 1,515 1,871 21% -2%

PNW Total 1,841 100% 1,659 1,871 11% -2%

Volume 

During fourth quarter 2020, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from the PNW were 1.84 

million tons, decreasing by 2 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities also decreased by 

2 percent year to year. Except for dry onions (3 percent increase), the rest of the top five commodities saw 

year-to-year decreases this quarter: cranberries (23 percent), pears (7 percent), apples (4 percent), and 

potatoes (1 percent).

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $2.37 per mile, 

increasing 16 percent quarter to quarter, and 8 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.65 per gallon, with an increase of 3 percent quarter to quarter but a 21 

percent decrease year to year. Shippers in all districts except the Yakima Valley and Wenatchee District of 

Washington reported shortage of truck availability in October, all districts reported shortage in November, 

and in December Yakima Valley and Wenatchee District reported adequate truck availability while all other 

districts reported a slight shortage. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 20

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 11: PNW Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 17: PNW Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$7.65

$2.37

$2.78

$1.00

$3.00

$5.00

$7.00

$9.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District October November December 4th Quarter

Columbia Basin Washington 5 5 4.4 4.8

Idaho And Malheur County, Oregon 5 5 4.4 4.8

Upper Valley, Twin Falls-Burley District Idaho 5 5 4.2 4.73

Yakima Valley & Wenatchee District 

Washington 3.25 5 3.4 3.88

Regional Average Availability 4.56 5 4.1 4.55

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.54 2.65 2.75 2.65
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 21

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 12: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for PNW

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 22

Arizona 

Table 18: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Arizona (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Share of 

Arizona 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Lettuce, Iceberg 105 27% - 128 - -18%

Lettuce, Romaine 104 27% - 114 - -9%

Lettuce, Processed 61 16% - 55 - 11%

Cantaloupe 42 11% 6 27 651% 54%

Broccoli 13 3% - 17 - -20%

Top 5 Total 325 84% 6 341 5,689% -5%

Arizona Total 386 100% 18 422 2,054% -9%

Volume 

During fourth quarter 2020, total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Arizona were 386,000 

tons, down 9 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities also decreased 5 percent year to 

year. Decreases in broccoli (20 percent), iceberg lettuce (18 percent) and romaine lettuce (9 percent) offset 

strong increases in cantaloupe (54 percent) and moderate increases in processed lettuce (11 percent). 

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $4.09 per mile, up 29 

percent quarter to quarter and up 37 percent year to year. 

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.65 per gallon, up 2 percent quarter to quarter but down 21 percent year to 

year. Data on truck availability were available only for the month of December for Imperial Palo Verde and 

Coachella Valleys, which reported adequate truck availability for that month. 
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 23

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 13: Arizona Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 19: Arizona Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$4.09

$3.19

$3.15

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District October November December 4th Quarter

Imperial, Palo Verde And Coachella Valleys, 

California And Central And Western Arizona - - 3.33 3.33

Regional Average Availability - - 3.33 3.33

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.54 2.65 2.75 2.65
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 24

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 14: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Arizona

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 25

Florida

Table 20: Reported Top Five Commodities Shipped from Florida (1,000 tons)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter or a percentage change with an at- or near-zero denominator.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Commodity 4th Quarter 

2020

Share of 

Florida 

Total

Previous 

Quarter

Same 

Quarter 

Last Year

Current Quarter as % change 

from:

Previous Qtr Same Qtr Last Year

Tomatoes 83 27% 1 106 - -22%

Oranges 39 13% 1 38 2,966% 3%

Grapefruit 36 12% 1 34 - 4%

Tomatoes, Plum Type 25 8% < 1 29 - -15%

Peppers, Bell Type 18 6% - 24 - -23%

Top 5 Total 201 66% 3 232 6,906% -13%

Florida Total 305 100% 21 387 1,340% -21%

Volume 

Total reported shipments of fruits and vegetables from Florida during fourth quarter 2020 were 305,000 

tons, down 21 percent year to year. The sum of the top five commodities decreased 13 percent year to 

year. Of the top five commodities, only grapefruit (4 percent) and oranges (3 percent) increased. Shipments 

decreased 23 percent for bell peppers, 22 percent for tomatoes, and 15 percent for plum tomatoes

Rates 

The quarterly average truck rate for shipments between 501 miles and 1,500 miles was $2.36 per mile, up 25 

percent year to year. Data were not available for third quarter truck rates.

Truck Overview 

Diesel fuel prices averaged $2.38 per gallon, up 1 percent quarter to quarter but down 19 percent year to 

year. Shippers in Florida reported slight shortage in truck availability in the fourth quarter.
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 26

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 15: Florida Truck Rates ($/Mile by Distance Travelled)

Table 21: Florida Truck Overview (Availability Rating: 1=Surplus to 5=Shortage)

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any "-" in the table indicates no reported shipments during the quarter.

Note: Table values may not conform exactly due to rounding.

Note: AMS Specialty Crops Program defines regions by commodity, which may overlap in truck availability reporting.

$3.93

$2.36

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2017 2018 2019 2020

0-500 Miles 501-1500 Miles 1501-2500 Miles 2501+ Miles

Region/Reporting District October November December 4th Quarter

Central & South Florida - 3.75 4.2 3.98

West District Florida 4 4.25 - 4.13

Regional Average Availability 4 4 4.2 4.07

Diesel Fuel Price ($/gallon) 2.32 2.34 2.49 2.38
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 27

Source: AMS Transportation Services Division analysis of AMS Specialty Crops Program Market News data.

Any gaps in the chart lines are the result of quarters with no reported data for the region.

Figure 16: Refrigerated Truck Availability Monthly Ratings for Florida

1

2

3

4

5

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Prior 3-Year Average 2019 2020

Shortage

Slight 

Shortage

Slight

Surplus

Surplus

Adequate
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 28

Data Sources

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report by USDA, Agricultural 

Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crops Program, Market News Division. The website is: 

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-home.

Regional Markets

For the regional markets, some States are grouped into producing regions. The Pacific Northwest region 

includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes Michigan, Minnesota, and 

Wisconsin. The Southeast region includes North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Shipment Volumes

Truck shipments for all commodities and origins are not available. Those obtainable are reported, but should 

not be interpreted as representing complete movements of a commodity. Truck shipments from all States are 

collected at shipping points and include both interstate and intrastate movements. They are obtained from 

various sources, including Federal marketing orders, administrative committees, Federal State Inspection 

Service, and shippers. Volume amounts are represented in 10,000 pound units, or 1,000 10-lb packages 

but are converted to 1,000 tons for this report. Mexican border crossings through Arizona and Texas data is 

obtained from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Customs and Border and Protection (CBP) 

through USDA, AMS, Market News.

Rates

This information is compiled from the weekly Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report. Rates quoted represent 

open (spot) market rates that shippers or receivers pay depending on basis of sale, per load, including truck 

brokers fees for shipments in truck load volume to a single destination. Extra charges for delivery to terminal 

markets, multipickup and multidrop shipments are not included unless otherwise stated. Rates are based on 

the most usual loads in 48-53 foot trailers from the origin shipping area to the destination receiving city. In 

areas where rates are based on package rates, per load rates were derived by multiplying the package rate by 

the number of packages in the most usual load in a 48-53 foot trailer. Slightly cheaper rates will be reported 

during Quarters 2 and 3 as about 50 percent of onion shipments from California are hauled on open flatbed 

trailers. During Quarter 3, less than 20 percent of onions hauled from Washington, Idaho, and Oregon are on 

open flatbeds.

Regional Rates

Rate data for 10 destination markets are used to calculate average origin regional rates.

National Rates

The national rates reflect the average of the regional rates, separated by mileage category and weighted by 

volume between origin and destination.

Additional Information

Terms and References
Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly

Quarter 4, 2020

www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agrtq 29

Authors

April Taylor, Coordinator; Analyst

April.Taylor@usda.gov, 202.720.7880 

Jesse Gastelle, Analyst 

Jesse.Gastelle@usda.gov, 202.690.1144 

Kranti Mulik, Analyst

Kranti.Mulik@usda.gov, 202.756.2577

Matt Chang, Analyst

Matt.Chang@usda.gov, 202.720.0299

Patty Willkie, Specialty Crops Program and Market News Division Data 

Patty.Willkie@usda.gov, 202.720.2175 

To subscribe, please send an e-mail to April.Taylor@usda.gov. Printed copies are available upon request. 

For assistance with accessibility issues related to this document, please e-mail SharonC.Williams@usda.gov. 

Related Websites

USDA's Agricultural Transportation Open Data Platform

https://agtransport.usda.gov/

Specialty Crops Program

https://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/specialty-crops-program

Specialty Crops Truck Rate Report

https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/filerepo/reports?field_slug_id_value=2375

Specialty Crops Movement Reporting

https://www.marketnews.usda.gov/mnp/fv-report-config-step1?type=movement

Economic Research Service Vegetable and Pulses 

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses/

Economic Research Service Fruit and Tree Nuts 

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/fruit-tree-nuts.aspx

National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crops

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/index.php?sector=CROPS

Refrigerated Truck Quarterly Datasets

https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/transportation-analysis/agricultural-refrigerated-truck-quarterly-datasets

Protecting Perishable Foods During Transport by Truck and Rail

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HS/HS132800.pdf

Preferred Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Refrigerated Truck Quarterly 

Report. August 2021 Web. <https://dx.doi.org/10.9752/TS051.08-2021> 

Photo Credit

Burt Barnes

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