UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE 

BEFORE THE ADMINISTRATOR 

Inre: 

Meriban S.A. 

El Oro, Ecuador 

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Administrator's Decision 

APL-068-19 

This Decision responds to an appeal (APL-068-19) of a Notice of Noncompliance and 

Proposed Suspension of National Organic Program (NOP) certification issued to Meriban S.A. 

(Meriban) of El Oro, Ecuador, by Control Union Peru SAC (Control Union). The operation has 

been deemed not in compliance with the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (Act) 1 and the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic regulations.2 

BACKGROUND 

The Act authorizes the Secretary to accredit agents to certify crop, livestock, wild crop, 

and/or handling operations to the USDA organic regulations (7 C.F.R. Pati 205). Certifying 

agents also initiate compliance actions to enforce progratn requirements, as described in section 

205.662, Noncompliance procedure for ce1iified operations. Persons subject to the Act who 

believe they are adversely affected by a noncompliance decision of a certifying agent may appeal 

such decision to the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) pursuant to§ 205.680 

1 7 6501-6522 2 7 C.F.R. Part 205 

u.s.c. 

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Adverse Action Appeals Process - General, and § 205.681, Appeals of the USDA organic 

regulations. 

FINDINGS OF FACT 

1. On July 26, 2017, Meriban became certified for crops, specifically bananas. 

2. On September 14, 2018, Control Union conducted an inspection of Meriban, specifically 

farm Colon 4, and collected banana leaf samples. The resulting September 26, 2018 

laboratory results found prohibited substances on the banana leaf samples. 

3. On October 9, 2018, Control Union issued a Notice of Proposed Suspension to Metiban, 

citing to the detection of prohibited substances found on banana leaf samples taken during 

the September 14, 2018 inspection and sampling, and other noncompliances. 

4. On October 12, 2018, Meriban completed an Incident Rep011 stating tl1at the contamination 

of the banana leaves on its farms could be because its aerial fumigation contractor, 

did not sufficiently clean its mixing systems and 

the supply plane, as _ also conducts aerial fumigation for conventional farms. 

Meriban also suggested that the contamination could be due to aerial and ground sp~aying at 

two neighboring conventional farms. Meriban noted planned corrective actions, including 

proper cleaning of aerial fumigation equipment and planting trees as buffers to prevent drift 

from neighbors. 

5. On October 17, 2018, Med ban requested mediation, proposing an agreement whereby 

Control Union would collect samples two or three times per year and would conduct two 

additional inspections per year, to corroborate Meriban' s fulfillment of corrective measures. 

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6. On November 21, 2018, while Control Union was considering Meriban's mediation request, 

Meriban filed an Appeal to the October 9, 2018 Notice of Proposed Suspension with NOP. 

7. On March 20, 2019, at the direction of NOP, Control Union rescinded the October 9, 2018 

Notice of Proposed Suspension. This recession was necessary because Control Union hadn't 

issued a notice of noncompliance prior to issuing the proposed suspension notice, nor was the 

October 9, 2018 notice a combined notice of noncompliance and proposed suspension. The 

notice also had identified correctable noncompliances. Control Union was instructed to 

follow proper procedures in issuing adverse action notices. 

8. On March 22, 2019, NOP dismissed the November 21, 2018 Appeal ofMeriban as the 

Notice of Proposed Suspension had been rescinded. 

9. On April 3, 2019, Control Union issued a Combined Notice of Noncompliance and Proposed 

Suspension citing to the September 14, 2018 banana leaf samples and the finding of 

prohibited substances. 

10. On July 17, 2019, after having accepted Meriban's request for mediation, Control Union 

issued a Mediation Failure letter stating that Meriban didn't agree to the terms of the 

proposed mediation agreement. 

11. On August 24, 2019, Meriban filed an Appeal to the April 3, 2019 Combined Notice of 

Noncompliance and Proposed Suspension. The appeal was accepted. 

12. On October 9, 2019, Control Union issued a Notice ofNoncompliance after the testing of 

banana leaf samples taken at the September 26, 2019 inspection of the Colon 4 farm again 

revealed prohibited substances. 

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13. On December 13, 2019, Control Union issued a Notice of Proposed Suspension based on the 

finding of prohibited substances on banana leaf samples taken at a September 26, 2019 

inspection. 

14. Meriban didn't file an Appeal to the December 13, 2019 notice and Control Union 

subsequently issued a Notice of Suspension on January 21, 2020. However, although 

Meriban has now been suspended, the Notice of Proposed Suspension is being addressed 

here because the adverse action was issued for the same violation, the finding of prohibited 

substances, when Control Union conducted a 'follow up' inspection, sampling, and testing. 

DISCUSSION 

The USDA organic regulations at 7 C.F.R. 205.102, Use of the term, "organic," state that, 

"Any agricultural product that is sold, labeled, or represented as "l 00 percent organic," 

"organic," or "made with organic (specific ingredients or food group(s))" must be: (a) Produced 

in accordance with the requirements specified in §205.101 or §§205.202 through 205.207 or 

§§205.236 through 205.240 and all other applicable requirements of part 205; and (b) Handled in 

accordance with the requirements specified in §205.101 or §§205.270 through 205.272 and all 

other applicable requirements of this part 205." 

The organic regulations at §205.105, Allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and 

ingredients in organic production and handling, state that, "To be sold or labeled as "100 percent 

organic," "organic," or "made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))," the product 

must be produced and handled without the use of: (a) Synthetic substances and ingredients, 

except as provided in §205.601 or §205.603 ... " The specific synthetic substances on the 

National List which are allowed for use in organic crop production are identified at §205.601. 

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The organic regulations at §205.202, Land requirements, state that, "Any field or farm 

parcel from which harvested crops are intended to be sold, labeled, or represented as "organic," 

must: ... (b) Have had no prohibited substances, as listed in §205.105, applied to it for a period of 

3 years immediately preceding harvest of the crop ... " 

The organic regulations at §205.671, Exclusion from organic sale, state that, "When 

residue testing detects prohibited substances at levels that are greater than the 5 percent of the 

Environmental Protection Agency's tolerance for the specific residue detected or unavoidable 

residual enviromnental contamination, the agricultural product must not be sold, labeled, or 

represented as organically produced." 

Control Union previously proposed a suspension ofMeriban's organic certification, 

which would prohibit the sale, labeling, or representation of its products as organic. Control 

Union detected prohibited substances on banana leaf samples from Meriban's Colon 4 farm, 

collected during the September 14, 2018 inspection and again on banana leaf samples collected 

during the September 26, 2019 inspection. Although the initial October 9, 2018 Notice of 

Proposed Suspension, which was rescinded, cited to other noncompliances, the April 3, 2019 

Combined Notice of Noncompliance and Proposed Suspension only cited to the finding of 

prohibited substances on banana leaf samples. Control Union previously attempted to mediate 

with Meriban, which wouldn't accept the conditions of mediation. A second attempt at 

mediation was made after Control Union issued the April 3, 2019 Combined Notice of 

Noncompliance and Proposed Suspension, but Meri ban again refused to accept the terms of the 

proposed mediation agreement. A second finding of prohibited substances on banana leaf 

samples taken at the September 26, 2019 inspection ultimately resulted in issuance of a Notice of 

Proposed Suspension on December 13, 2019, which Meriban didn't appeal. 

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In its Appeal of the April 3, 2019 Combined Notice of Noncompliance and Propos~d 

Suspension, Meri ban contends that the prohibited substances on the banana ]eaves from the 

September 14, 2018 inspection are a result of improper cleaning of spraying equipment by its 

then-ae1ial fumigation contractor, - which also conducts aerial fumigation over 

conventional fa1ms. Therefore, Medban states it changed aerial fumigation contractors. 

Meriban aJso previously stated that drift from neighbors' conventional frums and their aerial 

fumigation is to blame and cites to the greater existence of prohibited substances in the buffer 

zone than on his crops. Meriban proposed that it extend the buffer zones for its farm Colon 4, 

plant trees as barriers to block drift, evaluate potential aerial spraying, and hire a technical 

manager to oversee aerial spraying. Meiiban also proposed that Control Union conduct fmit 

sampling and testing 2 or 3 times a year, along with an additional 2 inspections per year, even 

though Meriban states that it::; vendor regularly conducts tests on its bananas. 

A review of the evidence shows that the sampling and testing of banana leaves obtained 

from Meriban's Colon 4 farm during the September 14, 2018 inspection revealed the existence 

of prohibited substances. Specifically, the laboratory analysis reports of September 26, 2018 

from Eurofins found Difenoconazole at 0.012 mg/kg and Epoxiconazole at 0.017 mg/kg on 1 

sample; and Epoxiconazole at 0.014 mg/kg on a second sample. 

The sampling and testing of banana leaves taken during the subsequent inspection on 

September 26, 2019 again revealed prohibited substances. Specifically, the Eurofins laboratory 

analysis repo~~ of October 5, 2019 found DEBT (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) at 0.050 mg/kg 

and Fenpropimorph at 0.038 mg/kg. A sampling sheet from the September 26, 2019 inspection 

and sampling of banana leaves from the Colon 4 fa1m contains information matching that on the 

lab repo1t. This second finding is subsequent to the August 24, 2019 Appeal of the April 3, 2019 

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Notice of Noncompliance and Proposed Suspension, but is addressed here as Control Union had 

continued to monitor Meri ban for the use of prohibited substances. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established tolerance levels for 

different chemicals, setting limits on the amount of the chemical allowed on an agricultural 

product. The substances DEET and Difenoconazole do not have an established EPA tolerance 

level. Therefore, these substances at any level are prohibited. 

Further, since DEET and Difenoconazole do not have EPA tolerance levels, the FDA 

(Food and Drug Administration) action levels must be reviewed. These 2 substances also do not 

have FDA action levels. The FDA website states that, "Action levels and tolerances represent 

limits at or above which FDA will take legal action to remove products from the market. Where 

no established action level or tolerance exists, FDA may take legal action against the product at 

the minimal detectable level of the contaminant." Therefore, the DEET and Difenoconazole are 

prohibited under FDA allowances. 

The other substances, Epoxiconazole and Fenpropimorph, which were detected per 

laboratory reports of September 26, 2018 and October 5, 2019, respectively, have EPA tolerance 

levels for the fruit component of bananas. The EPA regulations at 40 C.F.R. §180.l(h)(l) state 

that, "The raw agricultural commodity bananas, when examined for pesticide residues, shall not 

include any crown tissue or stalk." However, because banana leaves were sampled, and not the 

fruit, there is no assessment of whether and at what levels those substances are present on the 

banana fruit. Of note, the levels of Epoxiconazole and Fenpropimorph detected on the banana 

leaf samples were within 5% of the applicable EPA tolerances. The EPA tolerance level for 

Epoxiconazole is 0.5 ppm, making the allowed 5% threshold for organic products 0.025. 

Therefore, the findings of Epoxiconazole at 0.014 mg/kg and 0.017mg/kg are both below the 

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allowed threshold. The substance Fenpropimorph has an EPA tolerance level for bananas of2.0 

ppm, and thus the allowed 5% tlu-eshold is O. l. The finding of 0.038 mg/kg is also below the 

allowed tlu-eshold. Therefore, the findings of Epoxiconazole and Fenpropimorph are not 

prohibitive under EPA allowances. As these 2 substances have EPA tolerance levels, FDA 

action levels are not relevant. 

Meriban submitted its Registry of Product Applications for 2018 which doesn't list any 

of the 4 substances. However, the absence of the substances on this list is not definitive evidence 

that the substances weren't used on Meriban's Colon 4 fa1m. The September 2018 sampling and 

testing of banana leaves showed the presence of Difenoconazole and Epoxiconazole, while the 

September 2019 sampling and testing of banana leaves showed the presence ofDEET and 

Fenpropimorph. Meriban submitted a laboratory report of August 30, 2017, from testing 

perlormed on samples taken from Colon 4, and tested for Meri ban's 

vendor. Epoxiconazole wasn't detected, but the laboratol'y didn't test for the other 3 substances. 

Further, the sampling and testing for the August 30, 2017 report pre~date the sampling and 

testing by Control Union by a year and 2 years respectively for the September 2018 and 

September 2019 reports and does not negate Control Union's subsequent findings. 

Meriban also submitted laboratory analysis reports from the AGQ Labs, dated October 

23, 2019, for testing done on banana leaf samples and banana fruit samples. On both reports, all 

4 substances tested at <0.010 mg/kg on the leaves and the fruit. However, these tests were 

pe1fonned over a year after Control Union's initial sampling and testing which revealed 

Difenoconazole and Epoxiconazole and only a month after Control Union's September 2019 

sampling and testing which revealed DEET and Fenpropimorph. Further, although the levels of 

Epoxiconazole and Fenpropimorph found by Control Union are below the allowed EPA 

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threshold, there is no EPA tolerance level for DEET or Difenoconazole and any finding of those 

substances is prohibitive. Further, the DEET and Difenoconazole are prohibited under FDA 

allowances. Therefore, Meri ban's results do not negate the findings by Control Union. 

Meriban suggested that its aerial fumigation company, - is to blame due to 

inefficient cleaning of pJane tanks since -does aerial fumigation on conventional and 

organic fa:nns. However, although Control Union acknowledged that Meriban has changed 

aerial :fumigation contractors, this does not negate the finding of prohibited substances on 

Meriban's crops. Further, Meriban is responsible for the actions or inactions of its contractor, 

- Meri.ban submitted invoices from its new fumigation service, - for 

services pe1fo1med on August 31, 2018; September 22, 2018; and September 28, 2018. Two of 

those dates are after an inspection and sampling of banana leaves, while one date is prior to an 

inspection and sampling. However, even if these fumigation sprayings didn't contain prohibited 

substances, this does not negate the impact of prior sprayings containing prohibited substances. 

Meriban also submitted numerous statements and certifications from -regarding its 

inspection, calibration, and cleaning of its equipment. These documents include a Commitment 

Letter of Aircraft Spray Calibration; a Ce1tificate stating that -...illwill triple wash its 

containers; and a Certificate of Procedures. All the documents are on-s letterhead 

and are dated August 9, 2019. However, while the change in companies and-s 

commitment would be "good going forward," they don't negate the prior findings of prohibited 

substances. Further, subsequent to, and despite, the change in fumigation services, the banana 

leaf samples taken at the September 26, 2019 inspection again revealed the presence of 

prohibited substances. 

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Meri ban also suggested that cross contamination of its land was caused by drift from two 

neighboring conventional farms but didn't provide any information on the neighboring farms or 

substances they use. Meriban states that the finding of prohibited substances in the buffer zones 

at a higher concentration compared to the organic crops, supports the contention that drift is to 

blame. However, the laboratory reports noted above resulted from the sampling and testing of 

banana leaf samples from the Colon 4 fann, and there is no indication that the banana leaves 

were from buffer zones. The inspector also noted in the September 14, 2018 inspection report 

that there was cross-contamination from two conventional neighbors. Control Union alluded in 

its October 9, 2018 letter to Meriban's buffer zones being a 'critical' noncompliance, inferring 

the buffer zones were not adequate. However, even if one assumes that the contamination was a 

result of drift from conventional neighbors, it is Meriban's responsibility as an organic operation 

to have adequate buffer zones to prevent drift contamination. Meriban re-submitted the map of 

the Colon 4 farm with buffer zones marked. However, again, while an increased buffer zone is 

advantageous going fo1ward, it doesn't negate the prior findings. Further, the sampling and 

testing of banana leaves taken at the September 26, 2019 inspection against revealed prohibited 

substances. 

Finally, in a prior case, Control Union accepted Meriban's request for mediation, and 

Meriban proposed additional inspections and san1plings of banana fruit and banana leaves, as 

well as extending the buffer zone, evaluating its fumigation service, and hiring a technician. 

However, Meriban filed an Appeal while Control Union was still considering the mediation 

agreement terms. 

After issuing the April 3, 2019 Combined Notice ofNoncompliance and Proposed 

Suspension, Control Union again accepted Meriban's request for mediation and again offered a 

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mediation agreement whereby Meriban would agree to remove the Colon 4 farm from organic 

production for 3 years due to the finding of prohibited substances. Fmiher, the agreement would 

require Meriban to undergo 2 inspections per year with sampling; inform Control Union of any 

changes to its Organic System Plan; meet the deadlines for responding to any future notices of 

noncompliance; and not use any prohibited substances on its fields. However, Meriban rejected 

Control Union's terms for an agreement resulting in Control Union issuing the July 17, 2019 

Mediation Failure notice. Meriban had previously agreed and again stated in its subsequent 

August 24, 2019 Appeal that Control Union could take samples from the farm multiple times 

each year and it would create additional buffers. However, Meriban wouldn't agree to the 3-year 

ban on the fmm required under 7 C.F.R. 205.202 when prohibited substances are found. 

Subsequent testing on banana leaf samples from September 26, 2019 again revealed the presence 

of prohibited substances. 

In conclusion, banana leaf samplings from Meriban's Colon 4 farm have revealed 

prohibited substances on two occasions in the last 15 months. There is no EPA tolerance level 

nor FDA action level for DEET or Difenoconazole for bananas and therefore, these substances 

m·e prohibited in the edible pmiion of the crop in any amount. Further, pursuant to the organic 

regulations at 7 C.F.R. §205.671, the crop may not be sold, labeled, or represented as organically 

produced. 

The orgmtic regulations at 7 C.F.R. §205.202, specifically require that land from which 

harvested organic crops are sold, labeled, or represented as organic must not have had prohibited 

substances applied to it for a period of 3 years immediately preceding the harvest. Also, the 

organic regulations at 7 C.F.R. §205.105 state that synthetic substances and ingredients may not 

be used in organic crop production unless they are allowed per the National List. However, none 

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of these substances detected are an allowed substance per the organic regulations and Meriban 

was not able to offer an alternative explanation for the apparent application of prohibited 

substances. Additionally, although Meriban has obtained a new aerial fumigation service which 

has equipment cleaning procedures in place, this doesn't negate the prior findings of prohibited 

substances. Fmiher, sampling and testing after the change in fumigation services again revealed 

the presence of prohibited substances. 

CONCLUSION 

The USDA organic regulations assure consumers that products with the USDA organic 

seal meet consistent, uuiform standards. Key to these standards is that products with the USDA 

organic seal are produced and handled in accordance with the organic regulations. However, 

Meriban violated the organic regulations at 7 C.F.R. §205.102; 7 C.F.R. §205.105; 7 C.F.R. 

§205.202; and 7 C.F.R. §205.671. These noncompliances do not allow for continued 

certification. 

DECISION 

The appeal is denied and the suspension ofMeriban's organic certification is affirmed. 

Meriban is not eligible for organic certification for 3 years from the date of the last sampling for 

which prohibited substances were found on Meriban's farm, Colon 4, specifically September 26, 

2019. Barring the interim use of prohibited substances on the land or crops, the farm will be 

eligible for organic certification on September 25, 2022, when Meriban may apply for 

reinstatement of its organic certification pursuant to 7 C.F.R. §205.662(f). Until Meriban's 

certification has been reinstated, it may not sell, label, or represent a product as organic. 

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Attached to this formal Administrator's Decision denying Meriban's appeal is a Request 

for Hearing f01m. Meriban has thirty (30) days to request an administrative hearing before an 

Administrative Law Judge. 

If Meri ban waives the hearing, the Agricultural Marketing Service will direct Control 

Union to issue a Notice of Suspension. At any time after suspension, Meriban may, " ... submit a 

request to the SecretaTy for reinstatement of its certification. The request must be accompanied 

by evidence demonstrating correction of each noncompliance and corrective actions taken to 

comply with and remain in compliance with the Act and the regulations in this part." Meri ban 

may work with any certifier to complete a request for reinstatement. 

Done at Washington, D.C., on this 7 " 

day of 2020. 

Bruce Summers 

Administrator 

Agricultural Marketing Service 

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