218

- 1 (Adopted January 9, 1976)(Amended April 1, 1977)(Amended August 5, 1977) (Amended April 6, 1979)(Amended August 7, 1981)(Amended May 14, 1999)

RULE 218. CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING

(a) Definitions

(1) ANALYZER

- the part of the continuous emission moni toring system

(CEMS) that analyzes the appropriate gaseous constituents of the

conditioned gaseous sample or measures stack gas volumetric flow and

fuel flow rates, as applicable.

(A) Contaminant Analyzer

- the part of the CEMS that detects the air

contami nant and represents those concentrations in a signal output.

(B) Diluent Analyzer

- the part of the CEMS that detects oxygen,

carbon dioxide or other diluent gas concentrations and represents

those concentrations in a signal output.

(C) Fuel Flowmeter

- th e part of the CEMS that detects the parameters

of all essential measurement sub

- systems (e.g., temperature,

pressure, differential pressure, frequency, gas density, gas

composition, heating value) and generates signal outputs which are

a function of the fu el flow rate and all essential measurement sub

system parameters.

(D) Stack Flowmeter

- the part of the CEMS that detects the

parameters from all essential measurement sub

- systems (e.g.,

temperature, static and atmospheric pressure, gas density, gas

compo sition, molecular weight, gas moisture content) and

generates signal outputs which are a function of the stack gas

volumetric flow rate and all essential measurement sub

- system

parameters.

(2) CALIBRATION

- a procedure performed to ensure that the CEMS

ac curately measures and record air contaminant or diluent gas

concentration, flow rate and other parameters necessary to generate data,

as evidenced by calibration checks, and achieved by periodic manual or

automatic adjustment.

(3) CALIBRATION CHECK

- a pro cedure performed to determine the

CEMS response to a given gaseous compound concentration. A certifiedRule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 2 calibration gas mixture is injected into the CEMS as close to the probe tip

as practical.

(4) CERTIFIED CEMS

- a CEMS installed, tested, operated, maint ained, and

calibrated according to the applicable requirements of Rule 218; that has

met the applicable performance specifications according to

Rule 218(c)(1)(B), and, has received written approval and conditions

thereto applying, from the Executive Office r.

(5) CERTIFIED GAS MIXTURE

- a gas mixture manufactured, analyzed and

certified according to “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and

Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards”

- EPA

- 600/R97/121,

September 1997 Revision (EPA Protocol) or any subsequ ent version

published by EPA. This definition incorporates by reference EPA

Protocol.

(6) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM (CEMS)

- the

total combined equipment and systems required to continuously determine

air contaminants and diluent gas concentra tions and/or mass emission rate

of a source effluent (as applicable). The CEMS consists of three major

subsystems: sampling interface, analyzer and data acquisition system.

(7) CONTINUOUS MONITORING

- monitoring in which a minimum of one

measurement (e.g ., concentration, mass emission, flow rate) is taken and

recorded each minute.

(8) DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAS)

- the part of the CEMS that

processes data generated by the analyzer and records the results, thus

creating a permanent record of the output si gnal in terms of concentration,

flow rate, and/or any other applicable parameter necessary to generate the

required data in units of applicable standard. The DAS consists of all

equipment such as a computer required to convert the original recorded

values to any values required for reporting.

(9) DILUENT GAS

- a gas present in a calibration gas mixture or in the

source emissions which is present in quantities significantly larger than the

air contaminant.

(10) LABORATORY APPROVAL PROGRAM (LAP)

- a program
administered by the District that grants test

- method

- specific approvals to

independent testing laboratories or firms that perform tests to determine

source compliance with District rules and regulations.Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 3 (11) MODIFICATION REQUIRING RECERTIFICATION

- any ch ange to

the basic equipment, control equipment, contaminant concentration,

interfering substances, or CEMS (or SCEMS) that is deemed by the

Executive Officer to have a potential for adversely affecting the ability of

the CEMS to provide accurate, precise a nd timely data representative of

the stack emissions for which the CEMS (or SCEMS) is required.

(12) QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) PLAN

- a
written document in which the specific procedures for the operation,

calibration and maintenance of a c ertified CEMS are described in detail,

including additional quality assurance assessments and the corrective action

system. The purpose of this plan is to ensure that the CEMS generates,

collects and reports valid data that is precise, accurate, complete, and of a

quality that meets the requirements, performance specifications, and

standards of Rules 218 and 218.1.

(13) ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

- preventive evaluation and repair (if

necessary) of CEMS performed at specified intervals to preclude system

failure. Routine maintenance may be performed as recommended by the

manufacturer or a documented standard operating procedure determined

through operating experience and approved by the Executive Officer.

Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this definition.

(14) SAMPLING INTERFACE

- that part of the CEMS that performs sample

acquisition using one or more of the following operations: extraction,

physical/chemical separation, transportation or conditioning of a

representative sample from a designat ed source.

(15) SEMI

- CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING

- a monitoring

technique in which a minimum of one measurement (e.g. concentration,

mass emission, flow rate) is taken and recorded every fifteen (15) minutes.

(16) SEMI

- CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYS TEM (SCEMS)

- the total combined equipment and systems to semi

- continuously

determine air contaminant and diluent gas concentrations and/or the mass

emission rate in a source effluent (as applicable) The system consists of

three major subsystems: sampling interface, analyzer and data acquisition

system. This class of monitoring includes but is not limited to gas

chromatography, integrated sensitized tape analyzer, other sample

integration based technologies, and time

- shared CEMS.Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 4 (17) SYSTEM FAILURE

- inabi lity of the CEMS to meet the requirements of

Rule 218.1, “Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance

Specifications”, or, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40

- "Protection of

Environment", Part 60

- "Standards of Performance for New Stationary

Sources", Appendix F

- "Quality Assurance Procedures".

(18) TIME

- SHARING

- a monitoring technique where an analyzer and possibly

the associated sample conditioning system is used on more than one

source.

(19) WORKING DAY

- Monday through Friday excluding holidays.

( 20) ZERO CHECK

- a procedure performed to determine the response of the

CEMS to a given zero gas standard by means of injecting the zero gas into

the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.

(21) ZERO GAS

- a gas containing less than a specified amount of the air

contaminant or diluent gas which, when periodically injected into the

CEMS, is used to check CEMS’ response to the absence of the air

contaminant or diluent gas.

(b) Applicability and Monitoring Requirements for New, Modified and Existing

CEMS

( 1) The provisions of this Rule shall apply to all sources that require CEMS as

specified in the regulations or permit conditions, with the following

exceptions:

(A) This Rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to Regulation XX

- “Regional Clean Air Incentives Mar ket (RECLAIM)”, Regulation

IX

- “New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)”, Regulation X

-

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

(NESHAPS), or Regulation XXXI

- "Acid Rain Program".

(B) This Rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to permit con ditions

where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the performance of

the basic and/or control equipment and not to determine

compliance with any applicable limit or standard.

(C) This Rule shall not apply to CEMS where alternative performance

specifications are required by another District rule.

(2) The owner or operator of any equipment subject to this Rule shall provide,

properly install, operate, and maintain in calibration and good working

order a certified CEMS to measure the concentration and/or emissio nRule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 5 rates, as applicable, of air contaminants and diluent gases, flow rates, and

other required parameters. The owner or operator shall also provide the

necessary records and other data necessary to calculate air contaminant

emission rates or concentrations, as specified in Rule 218, Sections (e) and

(f).

(c) Requirements for New and Modified CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Application and Approval Requirements for New and Modified CEMS

(A) The owner or operator of any equipment subject to this Rule shall

submit to the Execu tive Officer an “Application for CEMS” or

“Application for CEMS Modification”, as applicable. Any

application submitted on or after May 14, 1999, shall require an

initial approval by the Executive Officer prior to installation of a new

CEMS or modification

of an existing CEMS. The Executive Officer

shall notify the applicant in writing within 60 calendar days of receipt

of an application for a new CEMS, or within 30 calendar days of

receipt of an application for a modification to an existing CEMS, if

the ap plication contains sufficient information to be deemed

complete. Where an application has been determined to be

incomplete, the Executive Officer shall request specific information

needed to complete the application. Upon receipt of any complete

resubmitt al or the additional information, plans or specifications

after the application has been deemed incomplete, a new 30

- day

period shall begin during which the Executive Officer shall determine

the completeness of the application and notify the applicant. Wi thin

90 days of installation, a person operating or using CEMS shall

undertake a series of certification tests. If the equipment served by

the CEMS is not operating at the time of complete CEMS

installation, then the CEMS shall undergo a series of certific ation

tests within 90 days from the next start

- up of the equipment served

by the CEMS. The purpose of the certification tests is to

demonstrate the CEMS performance pursuant to the specifications

in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section (c)(1 )(B).

The owner or operator shall notify the Executive Officer in writing

at least 14 days before the scheduled certification test dates. The

certification tests shall be performed by a testing laboratoryRule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 6 approved under the District Laboratory Approval Pro gram. Data

from such tests shall be submitted to the Executive Officer within 45

days following test completion. If satisfactory performance is

demonstrated, final approval of the CEMS shall be granted.

Subsequent operation and maintenance of the certifie d CEMS shall

be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section (c)(1)(B).

After final approval, modifications made to the CEMS shall be

reviewed and approved by the Executive Officer according to the

specifications stipulated in Rule 218, Section (c)(1)(B), and may

require all or a portion of performance tests to be conducted.

(B) Upon submission of an “Application for CEMS” or “Application for

CEMS Modification” as prescribed in Rule 218 Section (c)(1)(A),

the applicant shall indicate either one of th e following conditions:

(i) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified according to

the provisions of Rule 218.1, “Continuous Emission

Monitoring Performance Specifications”, Section (b), and

the subsequent operation and maintenance of the certified

CE MS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule

218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g) and of the requirements of

Rule 218.1(b) and (d), or,

(ii) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified according to

the applicable provisions of the Code of Federal Reg ulations,

Title 40

- "Protection of Environment", Part 60

- "Standards

of Performance for New Stationary Sources" (40CFR60),

Appendix B

- "Performance Specifications" (Appendix B),

and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the

certified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of

Rule 218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g), and the requirements

of 40CFR60, Appendix F

- "Quality Assurance Procedures"

(Appendix F).

Notwithstanding the requirements of Section (c)(1)(B)(ii),

any alternative test metho ds for 40CFR60, Appendices B and

F shall be those that are listed in Rule 218.1, Table 1

-

Reference Methods.

(C) A "Notification of Pre

- Approved Modification" and report of

results of prescribed quality assurance checks may be submitted in

-Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 7 lieu of the "Applic ation for CEMS Modification" when the

modification has been made in accordance with the written

technical guidance document approved by the Executive Officer.

(2) Application and Approval Requirements for New and Modified SCEMS

(A) In

- lieu of submitting an app lication for CEMS per Rule 218,

Section (c)(1), the owner or operator of any equipment subject to

this Rule, may elect to submit an application for a SCEMS if the

averaging time for the applicable limits(s) for which the CEMS is

required is 24 hours or gre ater; or, if the owner or operator

demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer, that no

CEMS technology is commercially available for the applicable

contaminant and the applicable limits.

(B) If the conditions in Rule 218, Section (c)(2)(A), abo ve, do not

apply, the owner or operator of any equipment subject to this Rule

may still elect to submit an application for a SCEMS in lieu of a

CEMS, subject to the following:

(i) The owner or operator demonstrates that the concentrations

and/or emissions requ ired to be monitored would be

equivalent to that monitored by a CEMS for the applicable

averaging period, to the satisfaction of the Executive

Officer;

(ii) The SCEMS shall be capable to take and record a minimum

of one measurement (concentration, mass emission rate

and/or flow rate, as applicable) every 15 minutes allowing

as equally spaced data points as practical;

(iii) The owner or operator shall include in the QA/QC plan the

method of calculating the 15

- minute averages for

compliance determination to the applicab le limit or

standard;

(iv) If an exeedance of the allowable limit or standard is

calculated using fewer than 100% valid data points, then the

District shall use any relevant data for the operation of the

equipment (basic and control, as applicable) to verify th e

calculated exeedance;

(v) If a time shared SCEMS is proposed, it shall meet the

performance specifications of Rule 218.1, Section (e);Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 8 (C) The requirements for the application submittal and approval of

CEMS as provided in Rule 218, Section (c)(1) shall also apply for

SCEMS applications.

(3) Operation of CEMS or SCEMS During Certification Testing

CEMS or SCEMS shall be certified as configured for the normal operation

of the CEMS or SCEMS with respect to sample acquisition, sample

conditioning, pollutant/diluen t detection, data requirements and reporting.

(4) Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan for New or Modified CEMS or

SCEMS

(A) The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elects the

performance specifications according to Rule 218, Section

(c)(1)(B)(i), shall s ubmit to the Executive Officer for approval a

CEMS QA/QC Plan within 45 days of CEMS installation and no

later than 30 days before the certification tests.

(B) Alternative Quality Assurance Practices

The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elects the

perfor mance specifications according to Rule 218, Section

(c)(1)(B)(i), may choose to develop alternative CEMS operational

test requirements to be included in the CEMS QA/QC procedures

that assure data of equivalent or better quality. These alternative

QA/QC pr ocedures shall be submitted with the facility QA/QC Plan

and are subject to the approval of the Executive Officer.

(d) Requirements for Existing CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Requirements for Existing CEMS

(A) A CEMS installed and granted final approval before May 14, 19 99

shall be maintained and operated according to the provisions of

Rule 218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g), and the requirements of

Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d).

(B) A CEMS application for initial and final approval submitted to the

Executive Officer bef

ore May 14, 1999 shall be reviewed and

approved by the Executive Officer according to the specifications

and requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d). After final

approval, the CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to

the provisions of R ule 218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g), and the

requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d).Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 9 (C) Modifications requiring recertification to any existing CEMS shall

be reviewed and approved according to the conditions under Rule

218 Section (c)(1)(B)(i) o r (ii), as applicable. After final approval,

the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to

the conditions under Rule 218, Section (c)(1)(B)(i) or (ii), as

applicable.

(D) (i) All existing CEMS as prescribed in Rule 218, Sections

(d)(1)(A) and (B) shall comply with the provisions of Rule

218.1, Sections (b) and (d), or 40CFR60 Appendices B and

F, as applicable, and of Rule 218, Sections (b) and (c), no

later than May 14, 2006.

(ii) The requirements of Rule 218, Section (d)(1)(D)(i) shall be

waived f or a period of three years if the owner or operator

demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Executive Officer,

that the existing CEMS is providing data that are of a

quality commensurate with the original performance

specifications and other indicators o f consistent data quality.

Data quality factors that will be considered include:

(I) Relative Accuracy

(II) Calibration Error

(III) Calibration Drift

(IV) Zero Drift

(V) Valid data return percentage

(VI) Availability or up

- time percentage

(VII) Breakdown frequency and duration

(VIII) Excursions b eyond quality control limits in QA plan.

The owner or operator may apply for a waiver under this

sub

- section every three years after May 14, 2006. This sub

section shall not apply to existing CEMS that are required

to comply with the provisions of Rule 21 8.1, Sections (b)

and (d), or, 40 CFR60, Appendices B and F, as applicable,

and Rule 218, Sections (b) and (c), as a result of CEMS

modifications requiring recertification, rule implementation,

or, compliance with a permit condition.

(E) The owner or operator of existing CEMS shall develop and

implement a written Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (QA/QC)Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 10 Plan no later than May 14, 2000. The written QA/QC Plan shall be

kept on record and available for inspection upon request by the

Executive Officer.

(F) On or be fore May 14, 2005, the owner or operator of any existing

CEMS shall submit to the Executive Officer for approval:

(i) A certification signed by an authorized representative of the

facility that the existing CEMS meets the requirements of

Rule 218, Section (c) , or,

(ii) An “Application for CEMS Modification”, with the

applicable fee(s) as specified in Rule 301, or,

(iii) An application for waiver according to Rule 218, Section

(d)(1)(D)(i), with documentation supporting the required

demonstration;

(2) Requirements for Exi sting SCEMS

(A) A SCEMS installed and granted final approval before May 14, 1999

shall be maintained and operated according to the provisions of

Rule 218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g), and the requirements of

Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d).

(B) A SCEMS applic ation for initial and final approval submitted to the

Executive Officer before May 14, 1999 shall be reviewed and

approved by the Executive Officer according to the specifications

and requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d). After final

approval, the SCEMS shall be operated and maintained according

to the provisions of Rule 218, Sections (b), (e), (f) and (g), and the

requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections (c) and (d).

(C) Modifications requiring recertification to any existing SCEMS shall

be reviewed a nd approved according to the conditions under Rule

218 Section (c)(1)(B)(i) or (ii), as applicable. After final approval,

the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to

the conditions under Rule 218, Section (c)(1)(B)(i) or (ii), as

applic able.

(D) The owner or operator of an existing SCEMS operating on or

before May 14, 1999 shall be required to comply with the

provisions of Rule 218.1 Section (e)

- “Time Sharing

Requirements” and with the provisions of Rule 218.1 Sections (b)Rule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 11 and (d), or, 40C FR60 Appendix B and F, as applicable, when the

equipment served by the time

- shared SCEMS is modified such that:

(i) One or more of the sources monitored requires a new

monitoring range,

(ii) The operating permit is modified to require continuous

monitoring, or,

(iii) An

applicable source specific rule is adopted or revised to

require continuous monitoring.

Subsequent operation and maintenance of the SCEMS shall be

according to the provisions of Rule 218, Section (c)(1)(B)(i) or (ii),

as applicable.

(e) Retention of Rec ords for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS

(1) The records of the data obtained from the CEMS recording devices shall

clearly indicate concentrations or emission rates, or both, as specified by

the Executive Officer. Records shall be maintained by the CEMS owner or

operator for a minimum period of two years, unless otherwise specifically

provided by another District regulation or permit conditions, and, shall be

made available to the Executive Officer upon request.

(2) All calculations, raw paramet er data used for calculations, records of the

occurrence and duration of any start up, shutdown or malfunction,

performance test, evaluation, calibration, adjustment and maintenance of

the CEMS as well as calibration gas traceability shall be retained by t he

CEMS operator for a minimum period of two years unless otherwise

specifically provided by another District regulation or permit conditions,

and shall be made available to the Executive Officer upon request.

(f) Reporting Requirements for New, Modified a nd Existing CEMS and SCEMS

Unless otherwise specifically provided by another District regulation or permit

conditions, the following reporting requirements shall apply to new, modified and

existing CEMS and SCEMS:

(1) A CEMS owner or operator shall provide a summary of the concentration

and/or emission rate data, as applicable, obtained from the CEMS, as well

as any additional information specified by the Executive Officer, to

evaluate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The summary

shall be su bmitted once every six months to the Executive Officer, exceptRule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 12 when more frequent reporting is specifically required by another District

rule, or the Executive Officer, on a case

- by

- case basis, determines that

more frequent reporting is necessary to accura tely assess the compliance

status of the source. The summary report shall be submitted within 30 days

following the end of the six

- month period being reported, in the form and

manner prescribed by the Executive Officer. The summary shall be

maintained on

- site in a retrievable and readable form and shall be made

available to the Executive Officer upon request. The submitted summaries

shall be available for public inspection at the District.

(2) The CEMS owner or operator shall report any concentration leve l and/or

emission rate, as applicable, in excess of the regulated limit within 24 hours

or the next working day after such occurrence in the form and manner

prescribed by the Executive Officer. The report shall include the following

information:

(A) Time i ntervals, date, and magnitude of the excess concentration

level, nature and cause of the excess concentration (if known),

corrective action(s) taken, preventive measure(s) adopted, specific

location of CEMS, the equipment or CEMS involved and the

facility contact person.

(B) The averaging period used for data reporting shall correspond to

the averaging period specified in the rule or permit condition

governing the concentration and/or emission rate, if applicable.

(3) Reports of CEMS Failure or Shutdown

(A) The CEMS owner or operator shall notify the Executive Officer

within 24 hours or the next working day, in the event of a system

failure or shutdown, which exceeds 24 hours. Zero and calibration

checks and routine maintenance do not require reporting.

(B) In the case of a CEMS failure or shutdown, compliance with the

provisions of Rule 218, Section (b) is waived for a period not to

exceed 96 consecutive hours. Such waiver is extended beyond 96

consecutive hours only if a petition for an interim variance i s filed in

accordance with Regulation V and shall terminate at the time the

Hearing Board acts upon such variance petition. CEMS owners or

operators of qualified facilities may obtain a Hearing Board

approval of an alternative operating condition followin g theRule 218 (Cont.) (Amended May 14, 1999)

218

- 13 established procedure in District Rule 518.2

- Federal Alternative

Operating Condition.

(C) Regularly scheduled CEMS maintenance shall be deferred until the

report required under Rule 218, Section (f)(2) is made, if the

system is measuring a concentr ation equal to or exceeding the

emission standard, and if such deferral is not reasonably expected to

result in damage to the system.

(D) Continuous emission monitoring requirement s shall not apply

during regular calibration checks of the system, or routin e
maintenance and repair lasting 60 minutes or less.

(g) Posting of Written Approval for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS

The CEMS owner or operator of an approved CEMS shall affix a written notice of

approval or a legible facsimile thereof, upon the equipment or within 26 feet of the

equipment as prescribed in District Rule 206, in a manner such that it is clearly

visible, legible, and safely accessible. In the event that the equipment is

constructed or operated that the notice of approval or its legible facsimile cannot

be so placed, such notice or legible facsimile shall be mounted on a location

approved by the Executive Officer.404

- 1 (Adopted May 7, 1976)(Amended October 5, 1979)

(Amended February 7, 1986)

RULE 404. PARTICULATE MATTER

- CONCENTRATION

(a) A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any source, particulate

matter in excess of the concentration at standard con ditions, shown in Table

404(a).

Where the volume discharged is between figures listed in the Table, the exact

concentration permitted to be discharged shall be determined by linear

interpolation.

The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any e quipment completed and

put into service before July 1, 1976 in the Palo Verde and Joshua Tree areas.

Before July 1, 1983, liquid sulfur compounds shall not be included as particulate

matter discharged from petroleum coke calciners.

(b) A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any source, particulate

matter in excess of 450 milligrams per cubic meter (0.196 grain per cubic foot) in

discharged gas calculated as dry gas at standard conditions.

The provisions of this subsection shall apply only to any equipment completed and

put into service before July 1, 1976 in the Palo Verde and Joshua Tree areas.

(c) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to emissions resulting from the

combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels in steam generators or gas t urbines.

(d) For the purposes of this rule, emissions shall be averaged over one complete cycle

of operation or one hour, whichever is the lesser time period.

(e) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the use of equipment which complies

with the emission limits specified in Rule 1112.1.Rule 404 (Cont.) (Amended February 7, 1986)

404

- 2 TABLE 404(a)

Volume Discharged Calculated as Dry Gas

At Standard Conditions Maximum Concentration

of Particulate Matter”Allowed in Discharged Gas Calculated as Dry Gas at Standard

Conditions Volume Discharg ed Calculated as Dry Gas

At Standard Conditions Maximum Concentration

of Particulate Matter Allowed in Discharged Gas Calculated as Dry Gas at

Standard Conditions

Cubic meters

Per Minute Cubic feet

Per Minute Milligrams per

Cubic Meter Grains per

Cubic Fo ot Cubic meters

Per Minute Cubic feet

Per Minute Milligrams per

Cubic Meter Grains per

Cubic Foot

25 or
less 883 or

less 450 0.196 900 31780 118 0.0515

30 1059 420 .183 1000 35310 113 .0493

35 1236 397 .173 1100 38850 109 .047 6

40 1413 377 .165 1200 42380 106 .0463

45 1589 361 .158 1300 45910 102 .0445

50 1766 347 .152 1400 49440 100 .0437

60 2119 324 .141 1500 52970 97 .0424

70 2472 306 .134 1750 61800 92 .0402

8 0 2825 291 .127 2000 70630 87 .0380

90 3178 279 .122 2250 79460 83 .0362

100 3531 267 .117 2500 88290 80 .0349

125 4414 246 .107 3000 105900 75 .0327

150 5297 230 .100 4000 141300 67 .0293

175 6180 21 7 .0947 5000 176600 62 .0271

200 7063 206 .0900 6000 211900 58 .0253

250 8829 190 .0830 8000 282500 52 .0227

300 10590 177 .0773 10000 353100 48 .0210

350 12360 167 .0730 15000 529700 41 .0179

400 14130 159 .0694 20000 706300 37 .0162

450 15890 152 .0664 25000 882900 34 .0148

500 17660 146 .0637 30000 1059000 32 .0140

600 21190 137 .0598 40000 1413000 28 .0122

700 24720 129 .0563 50000 1766000 26 .0114

800 28250 123 .0537 70000

or more 2472000

or more 23 .0100405

- 1 (Adopted May 7, 1976)(Amended February 7, 1986)

RULE 405. SOLID PARTICULATE MATTER

- WEIGHT

(a) A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any source, solid particulate

matter including lead and lead compounds in excess of the rate shown in Ta ble

405(a).

Where the process weight per hour is between figures listed in the table, the exact

weight of permitted discharge shall be determined by linear interpolation.

The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any equipment completed and

pu t into service before July 1, 1976 in the Palo Verde and Joshua Tree areas.

(b) A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere in any one hour from any source,

solid particulate matter including lead and lead compounds in excess of 0.23

kilogram (0.5 po und) per 907 kilograms (2000 pounds) of process weight.

For the purposes of this subsection only, process air shall be considered to be a

material introduced into the process when calculating process weight.

The provisions of this subsection shall apply only to equipment completed and put

into service before July 1, 1976 in the Palo Verde and Joshua Tree areas.

(c) For the purposes of this rule, emissions shall be averaged over one complete cycle

of operation or one hour, whichever is the lesser time per iod.

(d) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the use of equipment which complies

with the emission limits specified in Rule 1112.1.Rule 405 (Cont.) (Amended February 7, 1986)

405

- 2 TABLE 405(a)

Process Weight

Per Hour Maximum Discharge Rate

Allowed for Solid Particu

late Matter (Aggrega te Dis

charged From All Points of

Process Process Weight

Per Hour Maximum Discharge Rate

Allowed for Solid Particu

late Matter (Aggregate Dis

charged From All points of

Process
Kilograms

Per Hour Pounds

Per Hour Kilograms

Per Hour Pounds

Per Hour K ilograms

Per Hour Pounds

Per Hour Kilograms

Per Hour Pounds

Per Hour

100 or less 220 or

less 0.450 0.99 9000 19840 5.308 11.7

150 331 0.585 1.29 10000 22050 5.440 12.0

200 441 0.703 1.55 12500 27560 5.732 12.6

250 551 0.804 1.77 1500 0 33070 5.982 13.2

300 661 0.897 1.98 17500 38580 6.202 13.7

350 772 0.983 2.17 20000 44090 6.399 14.1

400 882 1.063 2.34 25000 55120 6.743 14.9

450 992 1.138 2.51 30000 66140 7.037 15.5

500 1102 1.209 2.67 35000 77160 7. 296 16.1

600 1323 1.340 2.95 40000 88180 7.527 16.6

700 1543 1.461 3.22 45000 99210 7.738 17.1

800 1764 1.573 3.47 50000 110200 7.931 17.5

900 1984 1.678 3.70 60000 132300 8.277 18.2

1000 2205 1.777 3.92 70000 154300 8.582 18.9

1250 2756 2.003 4.42 80000 176400 8.854 19.5

1500 3307 2.206 4.86 90000 198400 9.102 20.1

1750 3858 2.392 5.27 100000 220500 9.329 20.6

2000 4409 2.563 5.65 125000 275600 9.830 21.7

2250 4960 2.723 6.00 150000 330700 10.26 22.6

2500 5512 2.874 6.34 175000 385800 10.64 23.5

2750 6063 3.016 6.65 200000 440900 10.97 24.2

3000 6614 3.151 6.95 225000 496000 11.28 24.9

3250 7165 3.280 7.23 250000 551200 11.56 25.5

3600 7716 3.404 7.50 275000 606300 11.82 26.1

4000 8818 3.637 8.02 300000 661400 12.07 26.6

4500 9921 3.855 8.50 325000 716500 12.30 27.1

5000 11020 4.059 8.95 350000 771600 12.51 27.6

6000 13230 4.434 9.78 400000 881800 12.91 28.5

7000 15430 4.775 1 0.5 450000 992100 13.27 29.3

8000 17640 5.089 11.2 500000

or more 1102000

or more 13.60 30.0407

- 1 (Adopted May 7, 1976)(Amended April 2, 1982)

RULE 407. LIQUID AND GASEOUS AIR CONTAMINANTS

(a) A person shall not discharge into the atmosphere from any equipment:

(1) Carbon monoxide (CO) exceeding 2,000 ppm by volume measured on a

dry basis, averaged o ver 15 consecutive minutes.

(2) Sulfur compounds which would exist as liquid or gas at standard

conditions, calculated as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and averaged over 15

consecutive minutes, exceeding:

(A) In the South Coast Air Basin, 500 ppm by volume, effecti ve July 1,

1982.

(B) In the Southeast Desert Air Basin portion of Riverside County:

(i) 500 ppm by volume for equipment which is issued a permit

to construct or permit to operate after July 1, 1982.

(ii) 1,500 ppm by volume until January 1, 1984, and 500 p pm
by volume thereafter for equipment that has been issued a

permit to construct or permit to operate prior to July 1,

1982.

(b) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to emissions from:

(1) Stationary internal combustion engines.

(2) Propulsion of

mobile equipment.

(3) Emergency venting due to equipment failure or process upset.

(c) The provisions of subsection (a)(2) of this rule shall not apply to:

(1) Equipment which is subject to the emission limits and requirements of

source specific rules in Regulation XI.

(2) Equipment which complies with the gaseous fuel sulfur content

limits of Rule 431.1.**SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT**

**METHOD 100.1**

**INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS**

**EMISSION SAMPLING**

**OFFICE OF OPERATIONS**

**TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION**

**MARCH 1989 METHOD 100.1** 

**INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS**

**EMISSION SAMPLING**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

**1. Overview**

1.1 Principle

1.2 Applicability

1.3 Range and Sensitivity

**2. Field Procedures** 

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Measurement System Performance Specifications

2.3 Apparatus and Measurement System

2.4 Calibration Gases

2.5 Measurement System Performance Test Procedures

2.6 Emission Test Procedure

2.7 Emission Calculation

**. Calculations and Reporting**  **3**

3.1 Emission Rate of Gas

3.2 Percent Excess Air

3.3 Pollutant Concentration Calculated to 12 Percent

CO 2 , 3 Percent O 2 and 15 Percent O 2**METHOD 100.1**

**INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS**

**EMISSION SAMPLING**

**Section 1 of 3**

**1. Overview**

1.1 Principle

A representative sample of an exhaust gas stream

is continuously extracted, conditioned, and

conveyed to instrumental analyzers for the

determination of:

• Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas concentrations using

an ultraviolet (UV) or a non-dispersive

ultraviolet (NDUV) analyzer.

• Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) gas concentrations

using a chemiluminescent analyzer.

• Oxygen (O 2 ) gas concentrations using an

electrochemical (fuel cell) type analyzer.

100.1- 1• Carbon monoxide (CO) gas concentrations using

a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer.

• Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas concentrations using

a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer.

Other systems may be used to measure SO 2 , NO x ,

O 2 , CO, and CO 2 if they meet the specifications

of this method and have been subjected to a

relative accuracy test to determine equivalence.

Performance specifications and test procedures

are provided to ensure reliable data. Typical

analyzer specifications are shown in Table

100.1-1.

1.2 Applicability

This method measures emissions of SO 2 , NO x , O 2

,

CO, and CO 2 from stationary source gas streams

flowing in ducts, stacks, and flues. This

procedure does not supersede the New Source

Performance Standards (NSPS) requirement for

permanently installed continuous monitoring

instruments.

100.1- 2This test procedure is an alternative to SCAQMD

reference methods, in particular SCAQMD Methods

3.1, 6.1, 7.1, and 10.1. It should be used only

on sources where its equivalency to the

reference methods has been established, or where

specific regulations for the source specify this

procedure.

1.3 Range and Sensitivity

1.3.1 Analytical Range

The analytical range is selected so that

the sample gas concentration for each run

is between 20 and 95 percent of the range,

for 95 percent of the test period. The

run is considered invalid if the measured

gas concentration exceeds the range during

the test period. Data obtained below 20

percent of the range can be used only for

qualitative purpose.

1.3.2 Sensitivity

The minimum detectable limit depends on

the analytical range, span, and signal-to100.1- 3noise ratio of the measurement system.

For a well designed system, the minimum

detectable limit shall be less than 2

percent of the range.

100.1- 4**METHOD 100.1**

**INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS**

**EMISSION SAMPLING**

**Section 2 of 3**

**2. Field Procedures**

2.1 Definitions

2.1.1 Measurement System

Equipment required to determine sample gas

concentration consists of three major subsystems:

Sample Interface - The portion of the

system used for sample acquisition, sample

transport, sample conditioning, and

protection of the analyzers from the

effects of the stack effluent.

Gas Analyzer - The portion of the system

that identifies the gas component and

generates an output proportional to its

concentration.

100.1- 5Data Acquisition - A strip chart recorder,

analog computer and printer, or any

combination thereof, for recording

measurement data from the analyzer output.

2.1.2 Range

The upper limit of the gas concentration

measurement range displayed on the data

recorder.

2.1.3 Calibration Gas

A gas of known concentration in an inert

diluent gas.

2.1.4 Analyzer Calibration Error

The difference between the known

concentration of the calibration gas and

the gas concentration exhibited by the gas

analyzer when the calibration gas is

introduced directly to the analyzer.

100.1- 62.1.5 Sampling System Bias

The difference between the gas

concentrations exhibited by the

measurement system when calibration gas is

introduced at the sampling probe tip

filter and when the same calibration gas

is introduced directly to the analyzer.

2.1.6 Zero Drift

The difference in the measurement system

responses at a zero concentration level

during the initial calibration, and final

calibration check after a test. During

this test there should be no unscheduled

maintenance, repair, or adjustment of the

measurement system.

2.1.7 Calibration Drift

The difference in the measurement system

responses at a mid-range concentration

level during the initial calibration, and

final calibration check after a test.

During this test there should be no

100.1- 7unscheduled maintenance, repair, or

adjustment of the measurement system.

2.1.8 Response Time

The time required for the system to

display 95 percent of a step change in gas

concentration on the data recorder.

2.1.9 Interference Response

The output response of the measurement

system to a component in the sample gas,

other than the gas component being

measured.

2.1.10 Calibration Curve

A graph or other systematic method of

establishing the relationship between the

analyzer response and the actual

calibration gas concentration introduced

to the analyzer.

100.1- 82.1.11 Linearity

Maximum deviation as a percent of range,

between a mid-range calibration reading

and the reading predicted by a straight

line drawn between high-range and zero gas

calibration points.

2.2 Measurement System Performance Specifications

2.2.1 Analyzer Calibration Error

Less than + 2 percent of the reading for

calibration gases.

2.2.2 Sampling System Bias

Less than + 5 percent of the range for the

zero, and mid-or high range calibration

gases.

2.2.3 Zero Drift

Less than + 3 percent of the range over

the period of each run.

100.1- 92.2.4 Calibration Drift

Less than + 3 percent of the range over

the period of each run.

2.2.5 Interference Response

Each of the analyzers described shall have

the following minimum interference

response to the gases listed. For

example, an SO 2 analyzer should respond no

more than 30 ppm when the NO 2

concentration in the sample gas is 2000

ppm.

SO 2 Analyzer

NO 2 2,000/30

NH 3 10 6 /0

CO 2 Analyzer

H 2 O 10,000/1

CO 15,000/1

CH 4 20,000/1

CO Analyzer

H 2 0 200,000/1

CO 2 500,000/1

SO 2 10 6 /1

NO 10 6 /1

100.1- 10NO 2 10 6 /1

HC 10 6 /1

N 2 0 10 3 /1

2.2.6 Linearity

Less than + 1.0 percent of the range for

the pretest and post test values.

2.3 Apparatus and Measurement System

A schematic of an acceptable measurement system

is shown in Figures 100.1-1, 100.1-2, and

100.1-3. The essential components of the

measurement system are described below.

2.3.1 Probe

Use quartz, borosilicate glass, stainless

steel, aluminum oxide, porcelain,

Hastalloy, or Inconel tubing of

approximately 1/4 inch diameter or larger.

If stack temperatures are above 1200 o F the

probe should be designed to minimize the

time the sample is kept at those high

temperatures. Use a heated probe if

condensation occurs.

100.1- 112.3.2 Sample Line

Use Teflon or stainless steel tubing to

transport the sample gas to the moisture

removal system. The sampling line should

be heated to prevent condensation. If the

sample passes through a moisture knockout

trap immediately after extraction from the

stack, it is not necessary to heat the

sample transport line downstream of the

moisture removal trap. A sample line made

from another material may be used if the

material does not absorb, adsorb, evolve,

or alter the pollutants being monitored.

2.3.3 Probe Calibration System

Calibration gases should be introduced

into a baffled sample chamber around the

probe tip filter when in the probe

calibration mode.

100.1- 122.3.4 Sample Conditioning

a. The sample conditioner should be

capable of reducing moisture content

to below a dewpoint of 35 o F.

b. All parts exposed to the sample should

be glass, stainless steel, or Teflon.

c. Remove water by using refrigeration or

a permeation dryer designed to

minimize contact between the

condensate and sample gas.

d. Provide for back flushing the probe

filter with zero air to remove

particulate buildup on the probe

filter.

2.3.5 Sample Transport Lines

Use Teflon or stainless steel lines to

transport the sample from the moisture

removal system to the sample pump, sample

flow rate control, and sample gas

manifold.

100.1- 132.3.6 Particulate Filter

Use an in-stack 5 micron stainless steel

or Inconel 600 porous filter or a heated

(sufficient to prevent water condensation)

out-of-stack filter. The out-of-stack

filter should be borosilicate or quartz

glass wool or glass fiber mat. Additional

filters at the inlet or outlet of the

moisture removal system and inlet of the

analyzer may be used to prevent

accumulation of particulate material in

the measurement system, and to extend the

useful life of the components. All

filters should be fabricated of materials

that are nonreactive to the gas being

sampled.

2.3.7 Sample Pump

Use a leak-free pump to pull the sample

gas through the system at a flow rate

sufficient to minimize the response time

of the measurement system. The pump may

be constructed of any material that is

nonreactive to the gas being sampled.

100.1- 142.3.8 Sample Flow Rate Control

Use a control valve and rotameter to

maintain a sampling rate constant within

10 percent.

The tester may elect to install a back

pressure regulator to maintain the sample

gas manifold at a constant pressure in

order to protect the analyzers from over

pressurization or the need for flow rate

adjustments.

2.3.9 Sample Gas Manifold

Use a sample gas manifold to divert a

portion of the sample gas stream to the

analyzer, and the remainder to the bypass

discharge vent. The sample gas manifold

also should include provisions for

introducing calibration gases directly

into the analyzer. The manifold may be

constructed of any material that is

nonreactive to the gas being sampled.

100.1- 152.3.10 Gas Analyzer

Use a gas analyzer to continuously

determine the SO 2 , NO x , 0 2 , CO 2 , or CO

concentration in the sample gas stream.

Each analyzer should meet the applicable

performance specifications of Section 2.2.

Each analyzer should be provided with a

means of controlling its flow rate and a

device for determining proper sample flow

rate (e.g. precision rotameter, pressure

gauge downstream of all flow controls).

An NO 2 to NO converter in an NO x analyzer

is the portion of the system that converts

nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the sample gas

to nitric oxide (NO). An NO 2 to NO

converter is not necessary if data are

presented to demonstrate that the NO 2

portion of the exhaust gas is less than 5

percent of the total NO x concentration. A

high temperature (650 o C) stainless steel

converter should be used when no NH 3 is

present and a low temperature (350 o C)

molybdenum converter should be used when

NH 3 is present. Other converters may be

used if equivalence is demonstrated.

100.1- 16Housing the analyzer in a clean,

thermally-stable, vibration-free

environment will minimize drift in the

analyzer calibration.

2.3.11 Data Recorder

Use a strip chart recorder, analog

computer, or digital recorder, for

recording measurement data. The data

recorder resolution, or readability should

be 0.5 percent of range. Sampling

measurements should be obtained at a

minimum of 1 minute intervals.

2.3.12 Interference Response Sampling System

Introduce an interference test gas to the

analyzer. The analyzer zero should be

given a positive offset prior to the test

to allow measurement of a negative

interference. As an alternative, offset

chart paper may be used to avoid changing

the analyzer zero.

100.1- 172.3.13 Pitot Tubes

Same as required by SCAQMD Methods 1.1 and

2.1.

2.3.14 Differential Pressure Gauge

Same as required by SCAQMD Methods 1.1 and

2.1.

2.3.15 Sample Gas Moisture Content Equipment

As specified by SCAQMD Method 4.1.

2.3.16 Barometer

Use a mercury, aneroid, or other barometer

capable of measuring atmospheric pressure

to within 0.1 in. Hg.

2.3.17 Vacuum Gauge

Use a 30 in. Hg gauge for leak checking

the sampling system.

100.1- 182.3.18 Thermocouple

Use a Type K thermocouple to measure the

temperature of the stack gas.

2.4 Calibration Gases

Calibration gases shall be certified according to

EPA Traceability Protocol Number 1 (see Table

100.1-2 for cylinder gas recertification

schedule) or certified to an analytical accuracy

of + 1 percent and be traceable to applicable

NIST* Standard Reference Materials (SRM's).

Traceability shall include identification of

applicable SRM and its cylinder number.

Super blends, i.e. gas mixtures of nitric oxide,

sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon

dioxide with nitrogen as the balance gas, may be

used for simultaneous calibration of multiple

analyzers. The average deviation of each

component gas shall not exceed + 1 percent of the

tag value, and shall be confirmed using NIST

traceable standards within the certification

period of the lowest component in the mixture.

100.1- 19EPA Traceability Protocol No. 1 is in the

Appendix.

*NIST - National Institute of Standards and

Technology

Use three calibration gases as specified below:

2.4.1 High-Range Gas

The concentration should be equivalent to

80 to 100 percent of the range.

2.4.2 Mid-Range Gas

The concentration should be equivalent to

40 to 60 percent of the range.

2.4.3 Zero Gas

The impurity concentration should be less

than 0.25 of one percent of the range.

Purified ambient air may be used for the

zero gas by passing compressed air through

a heatless dryer, a catalytic oxidizer,

and a carbon dioxide scrubber.

100.1- 20Use ultra zero grade nitrogen gas for

zeroing the 0 2 analyzer.

2.5 Measurement System Performance Test Procedures

Perform the following procedures before

measurement of emissions (Section 2.6).

2.5.1 Cleaning of Sample Train

As needed, thoroughly flush the probe,

heat-trace line, and sample conditioner

with distilled water, followed by acetone.

Dry with filtered dry air.

2.5.2 Continuous Analyzers

Allow analyzers to warm up according to

manufacturer's instructions.

2.5.3 Sampling System Preparation

A leak check of the sampling system is a

good practice. However, it is optional.

Assemble the sample train as shown in

Figures 100.1-1, 100.1-2 and 100.1-3.

100.1- 21Leak check the vacuum side of the assembly

to a minimum of 20 inches of Hg (gauge).

The sampling system should hold 20 inches

of Hg vacuum for 5 minutes with less than

1 in. Hg loss. Correct any leaks found

and repeat the leak check until a

satisfactory result is obtained. Check

the pressure side of the system with

liquid soap solution and correct any

leaks. Alternative leak check methods are

acceptable if equivalent or better than

the specified method.

The sample train assembly may be modified

as follows to reflect actual stack

conditions:

• If the stack is at or below ambient

temperature and condensation is not

observed upstream of the sample

conditioner, the probe heating element

and the heat trace line can be

eliminated.

• If only concentration measurements are

required, the Pitot tube can be

eliminated.

100.1- 22Introduce zero and high range calibration

gases directly to the instruments and make

all necessary adjustments to calibrate the

analyzer and the data recorder. Adjust

system components to achieve individual

analyzer sampling rates recommended by the

instrument manufacturer.

2.5.4 Analyzer Calibration Error

Conduct the analyzer calibration error

check at the beginning and end of each

test run by introducing calibration gases

to the measurement system at any point

upstream of the gas analyzer as follows:

a. After the measurement system has been

prepared for use, introduce the zero,

mid-range, and high-range gases to the

analyzer. During this check, make no

adjustments to the system except those

necessary to achieve the correct

calibration gas flow rate at the

analyzer. Record the analyzer

responses to each calibration gas on

a form similar to Figure 100.1-4.

100.1- 23The calibration error check should be

considered invalid if the gas

concentration displayed by the

analyzer exceeds + 2 percent of the

reading for any of the calibration

gases. If an invalid calibration is

exhibited, take corrective action and

repeat the analyzer calibration error

check until acceptable performance is

achieved.

2.5.5 Instrument Response Time

Establish during semi-annual

certification.

2.5.6 Sampling System Bias Check

A bias check of the sampling system is

mandatory.

Backflush gas through the probe as

necessary to prevent particulate buildup

on the probe filter. Perform the sampling

system bias check by introducing

calibration gases into a baffled sample

chamber around the probe tip filter.

100.1- 24A zero gas and either the mid-range or

high-range gas, whichever most closely

approximates the effluent concentrations,

should be used for this check as follows:

a. Introduce the upscale calibration gas

and record the gas concentration

displayed by the analyzer on a form

similar to Figure 100.1-5. Introduce

the zero gas and record the gas

concentration displayed by the

analyzer. During the sampling system

bias check operate the system at the

normal sampling rate and make no

adjustments to the measurement system

other than those necessary to achieve

manufacturer recommended calibration

gas flow rates at the analyzer.

b. The sampling system bias check shall

be considered invalid if the

difference between the gas

concentrations exhibited by the

measurement system when a known

concentration gas is introduced at the

sampling probe tip and when the same

gas is introduced directly to the

100.1- 25analyzer, exceeds + 5 percent of the

analyzer range. If an invalid

calibration is exhibited, take

corrective action and repeat the

sampling system bias check until

acceptable performance is achieved.

If adjustment to the analyzer is

required, first repeat the analyzer

calibration error check, then repeat

the sampling system bias check.

2.5.7 NO 2 to NO Conversion Efficiency

Conduct an NO 2 to NO conversion efficiency

test in accordance with EPA Method 20 or

by using an NBS traceable gas mixture of

NO 2 in air.

2.6 Emission Test Procedure

Traverse the duct to determine if there is

stratification (see Chapter X). Single point gas

sampling is acceptable if the gas composition is

homogeneous, i.e. < 10 percent variation between

any two traverse points in the gas stream

throughout the cross sectional diameter of the

100.1- 26stack. For multipoint gas sampling use every

other point, as required by SCAQMD Method 5.1 for

particulate matter. Determine moisture content

and velocity pressures in the stack gas according

to SCAQMD Methods 1.1, 2.1 and 4.1 if required

for mass flow rate calculations. The probe inlet

should never be closer than one inch to the stack

wall. As an alternate method, the mass flow rate

may be obtained by stoichiometric and gas

composition relations.

2.6.1 Chart Recorder Label

Turn on strip chart recorder and label the

chart as to pollutant, source, range,

calibration cylinder ID number, certified

expiration date, zero and upper range

calibration settings, chart speeds, date,

time, person operating instruments, and

other pertinent data.

2.6.2 Sample Probe Traverse and Minimum Sampling

Time

Insert the sample probe assembly into the

stack and blank off the remainder of the

opening. Conduct a gas sample traverse to

100.1- 27determine if single point sampling is

acceptable and label the response obtained

on the strip chart. If a traverse is

required, leave the probe at each traverse

point for at least the system response

time plus one minute, allowing enough time

for the system to be flushed and the

instruments to respond fully. Move the

probe to the next traverse point and

repeat. Continue until the stack has been

fully traversed.

A minimum sample time of 60 minutes is

recommended. See District Rules and

Regulations and permit conditions for

applicable requirements. When the test

duration exceeds one hour, conduct zero

and span checks every 2 hours. Adjust

settings as necessary, mark strip charts,

and record in log books.

2.6.3 Zero and Calibration Drift Tests

Immediately preceding and following each

run, or if adjustments are necessary for

the measurement system during the run,

repeat the sampling system bias check

100.1- 28procedure. (Make no adjustments to the

measurement system until after the drift

checks are completed.) Record the

analyzer's responses on a form similar to

Figure 100.1-5.

2.6.3.1 If either the zero or upscale

calibration value exceeds the

sampling system bias

specification, then the run is

considered invalid. Repeat both

the analyzer calibration error

check procedure and the sampling

system bias check procedure

before repeating the run.

2.6.3.2 If both the zero and upscale

calibration values are within the

sampling system bias

specification, then use the

average of the initial and final

bias check values to calculate

the gas concentration for the

run. If the zero or upscale

calibration drift value exceeds

the drift limits, based on the

difference between the sampling

100.1- 29system bias check responses

immediately before and after the

run, repeat both the analyzer

calibration error check procedure

and the sampling system bias

check procedure before conducting

additional runs.

2.6.4 Post Run Leak Check

If a prerun leak check is conducted,

proceed as follows:

See Section 2.5.3. If the leak rate is 2

percent or more of the total sample flow

rate (approximately 0.4 SCFH) discard the

test.

2.7 Emission Calculation

Determine the average gas effluent concentration

from the average gas concentration displayed by

the gas analyzer and adjust for zero and high

range calibration drift. The average gas

concentration displayed by the analyzer may be

determined by integration of the area under the

curve for chart recorders, or by averaging all of

100.1- 30the effluent measurements. Alternatively, the

average may be calculated from measurements

recorded at equally spaced intervals over the

entire duration of the run. Sampling

measurements should be obtained at a minimum of 1

minute intervals. Calculate the effluent gas

concentration using the following equation:

C ma

- C gas = (C - C o )

C m - C o

where:

C gas = Effluent gas concentration, dry basis,

ppm

- C = Average gas concentration indicated by

gas analyzer, dry basis, ppm

C ma = Actual concentration of the upscale

calibration gas, ppm

C m = Average of initial and final system

calibration bias check responses for the

upscale calibration gas, ppm

100.1- 31C o = Average of initial and final system

calibration bias check responses for the

zero gas, ppm

100.1- 32**METHOD 100.1**

**INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS**

**EMISSION SAMPLING**

**Section 3 of 3**

**3. Calculations and Reporting**

3.1 Emission Rate of Gas

(Cg)(M)

E = (Q) (60)

379 x 10 6

where:

E = Emission rate, lb/hr

C g = Concentration of gas, ppm

M = Molecular weight of gas*, lb/lb-

mole

Q = Stack Effluent, dscfm

60 = Conversion factor, min/hr

379 x 10 6 = Conversion factor, scf/lb-mole

*NO x is often expressed as NO 2

100.1- 333.2 Percent Excess Air

[O 2 - 0.5 CO]

EA = x 100 [0.264 N 2 - (O 2 - 0.5 CO)]

where:

EA = Percent excess air

O = Percent O 2 by volume, dry basis

2

(measured)

CO = Percent CO by volume, dry basis

(measured)

N 2 = Percent N 2 by volume, dry basis

(calculated)

0.264 = Ratio of O 2 in air, v/v

3.3 Pollutant Concentration Calculated to 12 Percent

CO 2 , 3 Percent O 2 , and 15 Percent O 2

Concentration (12 Percent O 2 ) =

12
Concentration x (std)

CO 2 (measured)

CO 2 = Percent CO 2 by volume, dry basis

Concentration (3 Percent O2 ) = Concentration (std)

20.9 - 3.0
Concentration x (std)
20.9 - O 2 (measured)

100.1- 34Concentration (15 Percent O2) = Concentration (std)

20.9 - 15.0
Concentration x (std)
20.9 - O 2 (measured)

Based on O 2 in air as 20.9 percent.

100.1- 35100.1-36 **TABLE 100.1-1**

**ANALYZER SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTINUOUS GASEOUS EMISSION STACK SAMPLING**

Sulfur

Dioxide Oxides of

Nitrogen Carbon

Monoxide Carbon

Dioxide Oxygen

Typical

Principle of

Operation

(1)

Typical

Range of

Conc.

Noise Level,

Percent of

Full Scale

Response
Time, Time

Interval

from a Step
Change in

Input Conc.

at Inlet to

Instrument

to Output
Reading of

95 Percent

of Steady

State

Analyzer

Calibration

Error,

Percent of

Range for

the Zero,
Mid-Range

Calibration

Gases

Zero Drift,

Percent of

Range Over

the Period

of Each Run Ultra-Violet

or NonDispersive

Ultra-Violet

Absorption

Photometry

50, 250,

1000 ppm

< ± 1.0

10 Seconds

< ± 2.0

< ± 3.0 Chemiluminescence

10, 25, 100, 250,

1000, 10,000 ppm

< ± 1.0

3 Seconds

< ± 2.0

< ± 3.0 NonDispersive

Infrared
Absorption

5, 10, 50,

500, 2500,

5000 ppm

< ± 1.0

10 Seconds

< ± 2.0

< ± 3.0 NonDispersive

Infrared
Absorption

2, 10, 20

Percent

< ± 1.0

10 Seconds

< ± 2.0

< ± 3.0 Electrochemical

5, 10, 25

Percent

< ± 1.0

10 Seconds

< ± 2.0

< ± 3.0100.1-37 **TABLE 100.1-1 CONT.**

Sulfur

Dioxide Oxides of

Nitrogen Carbon

Monoxide Carbon

Dioxide Oxygen

Calibration

or Span
Drift,

Percent of

Range Over

the Period

of Each Run

Precision,

Maximum Avg.

Deviation

from Mean

Change as

Percent of

Range

Linearity

(2)

Interference

Response < ± 3.0

< ± 1.0

< ± 1.0

NO 2 2000/30

NH 3 10 6 /0 < ± 3.0

< ± 1.0

< ± 1.0

- < ± 3.0

< ± 1.0

< ± 1.0

H 2 0 200,000/1

CO 2 500,000/1

SO 2 10 6 /1

NO 10 6 /1

NO 2 10 6 /1

HC 10 6 /1

N 2 O 10 3 /1 < ± 3.0

< ± 1.0

< ± 1.0

H 2 O 10,000/1

CO 15,000/1

CH 4 20,000/1 < ± 3.0

< ± 1.0

< ± 1.0

-

(1 Other types may also be acceptable.

(2) Maximum deviation between a mid-range calibration reading and the reading predicted by

a straight line drawn between high-range and zero gas calibration points, as a percent

of range.**TABLE 100.1-2**

**Cylinder Gas Recertification Schedule for EPA**

**Protocol 1 Traceable Standards**

Pollutant Balance Gas Concentration

Range Maximum

Months Until

Recertificati

on for
Passivated

Aluminum Cylinders:

Al

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide

Nitric Oxide

Nitrogen Dioxide

Oxygen

Propane

Sulfur Dioxide

Others not Specifically

Listed N 2 Air

N 2

N 2

N 2 or Air

N

2

Air

N 2 or Air ≥ 10 ppm

> 0.5%

≥ 5 ppm

≥ 1000 ppm

≥ 2%

≥ 3 ppm

50-499 ppm 36

36

24

24

36

36

24

6100.1

- 42

Date

Analyzer

Range

Cylinde r

Value (Indicate Units) Analyzer

Calibration

Response (Indicate Units) Absolute

Difference (Indicate Units) Difference

(Percent of Range)

Zero Gas

Mid

- Range

Gas

High

- range
Gas

Pretest Linearity Error Percent Range

Post Test Linearity Error Percent Range

Figure 100.1

- 4

Analyzer Calibration Data Form**G ENERAL**  **C ONTINUOUS**  **G AS**  **M ONITORING**  **R EQUIREMENTS** 

(600perf_pro1.doc : REV 9/20/2005 2:41 PM)

The District requires continuous gas monitoring equipment employing sample extraction and conditioning, and electronic detection, to be conducted strictly according to District Method 100.1, with the emphasis upon representativeness, documentation, and quality assurance. This includes, in part:

1. Gas analyzers must meet minimum acceptable standards for method of detection, sensitivity, noise, precision, linearity, and interference (see TABLE 100.1-1 for details). Also, the gas sample extraction and conditioning equipment (probe, filter, pump, conditioner, connective plumbing, etc., and data acquisition and logging equipment shall meet minimum acceptable specifications, as described in Method 100.1.

2. It is recommended that the entire sampling system for continuous gas monitoring instruments should be leak checked before and after each test run by evacuating the system to a minimum of 20 in. Hg vacuum, and plugging for a period of 5 minutes. The resultant loss of vacuum can not exceed 1 in. Hg during this period.

3. Calibration of all analyzers must be accomplished at zero, mid span (40-60% of full scale range), and high span (80-95% of full scale range). The lowest practicable range should be selected for monitoring,

so that the measured emission values are within 20-95% of the range. If a significant amount of the data are outside of this range, the data may be rejected, depending upon the application.

4. The calibration gases must be certified according to EPA Protocol Number 1, or certified to an analytical accuracy of + 1% and be NIST traceable (except cal gases used for system bias check), following EPA600/R93/224, “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards”, TABLE

2-2 . Superblend or multi-component blend gas recertifications are based upon the individual component(s) with the shortest recertification date.

5. Field calibrations employing gas dilution systems (mass flow or critical orifice) must be performed in

accordance with EPA Method 205, "Gas Dilution Verification Protocol", or available “Draft” SCAQMD

Method , and supported with appropriate documentation. A 5-point check is required.

6. A calibration error check, and zero/span drift check must be performed before and after each test run.Calibration error must be less than + 2% of the range of measurement for zero, mid, and high range calibration gases. Zero/span drift must be less than + 3% of the range of measurement.

7. A system bias check must be performed before and after each test run by alternately introducing cal gases to the entire sampling system, then to the gas analyzer(s), for comparison. The difference can not

exceed + 5% of the analyzer range.

8. Semi-annual analyzer certifications consisting of linearity plot, calibration curve, response time, and interference response must be furnished with the other calibrations to satisfy Q/A documentational requirements.

9. NO X measurement must be performed in the NO X mode of the analyzer. An NO 2 to NO converter is required if

NO 2 constitutes 5% or more of the total NO X in the sample stream, or the rule or permit condition requires "NO X " monitoring. The NO 2 to NO converter must be at least 90% efficient (use the NO 2 to NO converter efficiency procedure). The converter should be high temperature (650 o C) stainless steel, if no NH 3 is present. If NH 3 is present in the sample stream, then a low temperature (350 o C) molybdenum catalyst must
be used in the converter. This check must be done at the beginning of the test.

10. The connective tubing from the probe to the sample conditioner must be heated above the dewpoint and the dewpoint reported. The sample conditioner must be able to maintain a dewpoint temperature of 37 o F or less. (Refer to the “Sample Conditioning Requirements

for Method 100.1” Addendum , for details)

11. Data recorder resolution must be at least 0.5% of the range of measurement. A data point for each
contaminant/diluent monitored must be recorded at least once/minute. Analog chart recorders must have a minimum 10-inch chart width, with 100 minor divisions.

12. All facets of testing must be continuously recorded. This includes the 3-point calibration, system bias, calibration error, and zero/span drift checks, which must precede and conclude each test run.13. All chart traces, or digital printouts, must be included in the final report and must be clearly

identified as to:

• location/source • range changes

• operator initials • range of measurement

• date/running times • calibrations

• actual test interval • calibration gas conc./ cylinder number

• contaminant/diluent • range of calibration

14. When more than one gas trace is shown on a chart, the individual traces must be distinguishable by color coding or some other means (original charts may be submitted, and returned following evaluation). If a gas measurement range has been "offset" from zero, or zero has been "transposed to the right side of the recorder chart, it must be clearly identified. this offset should not be

more than 5-small divisions of the chart. This data must be corrected using the ratio of the offset.

15. Gaseous measurements must be conducted a minimum of 15 continuous minutes at each load or specified condition, after the readings have stabilized (RECLAIM reference method sampling requires a minimum of 30 continuous minutes at each load for RATAs). Processes havingmultiple exhausts exhibiting non-cyclic (i.e. steadystate) characteristics may alternatively be monitored using the above criteria. Otherwise, simultaneous sampling may be required.

16. Sampling locations not meeting t he minimum site selection

standards for District Method 1 must be tested for absence of stratification. (A gaseous constituent concentration profile differing more tha n 10% between any two monitoring points within the same cross-sectional plane of a stack or duct indicates stratification.) If stratification is present, and alternate approved site selection or modification is not possible, then special monitoring (see Chapter X of the District Source Testing

Manual ) will be required.ATTACHMENT B

**ADDENDUM TO "General Continuous Gas Monitoring Requirements"**

**SAMPLE CONDITIONING**  **REQUIREMENTS FOR**  **METHOD 100.1** 

For Method 100.1 tests, proper sample conditioning is essential for representative sampling. Sample conditioning includes removal of particulate matter and moisture present in the sample gas stream. The design of the sample conditioning system must be such that during the process of particulate and moisture removal, the pollutants of interest are not also removed from the gas stream. Method 100.1 requires that the tester select a system which will have a minimum "scrubbing" effect. In particular, NO 2 and

SO 2 are more susceptible to scrubbing than, for example NO or CO, because of their high solubility in water. Since Method 100.1 is a reference method, it is required that a sample conditioning system cause only minimum loss of these pollutants.

The District recommends a gas sampling system which can be used universally **1.** (i.e. under all testing conditions). The set-up includes a heated 1/4-inch stainless steel probe with a 50-80 micron size, sintered 316 stainless steel or ceramic filter at the tip; and a short (not more than 6 feet) heated Teflon line to the sample conditioning system. The temperature of the probe and the Teflon line should be

maintained at about 250 o F. The conditioning system consists of a pair of standard Greenburg-Smith impingers with the stems cut to about 1-inch length from the top, immersed in a bath containing water and dry ice pellets, and immediately followed by a thermo-electric cooler or permeation drier. The gas temperature at the outlet of the impinger shall be less than 60 o F and the gas at the drier outlet shall be maintained at a dew point less than 37 o F. If the drier can not be directly connected to the impinger outlet, then a Teflon line heated to 10 o F above the impinger outlet gas temperature can be used for connection. Another particulate filter (about 5 microns) should be in the line right after the cooler/drier. All the temperatures should be measured and recorded, preferably on a strip chart recorder. If the moisture content of the exhaust gas is below 5% and the sample gas flow rate is less than 10 liters/minute, the impinger set-up need not be used, as long as no moisture condensation occurs in the system and the conditioned sample is maintained at the required dew point.

**PRECAUTIONS:** Never allow the water in the impingers to accumulate more than 1/4 of the impinger height. Don't allow the water bath to become frozen around the impingers, or cracking of the glassware may result. Assure that the thermo-electric cooler/permeation drier has adequate design capacity. Follow a good maintenance schedule for the cooler/drier gas conditioning system.ATTACHMENT B

Other systems may be used, upon District approval, emphasizing the requirements that water is removed immediately after separation from the gas stream, and minimal water contact with the gas stream is assured.

**1.** An example of a non-universally applicable water removal system is

based on the refrigerated cooling coil principle. A refrigerated

cooling coil system can scrub out a high percentage of water soluble

pollutants due to a comparatively long residence time, and intimate

contact between the sample gases and the water droplets collected on
the inside of the coil. Consequently, it will show a high bias for

the CEMS being tested if the sample gas contains a significant amount

of NO 2 , compared to NOx or SO 2 , and therefore it may not be suitable

in all cases.

600perf_pro1.doc : REV 9/20/05ATTACHMENT C

**ADDENDUM TO "General Continuous Gas Monitoring Requirements"**

**NO 2**  **TO NO CONVERSION TEST PROCEDURE**

(Alternative to O 3 Titration Method-40 CFR 50.1, Appendix F)

**1. NO**

**x Analyzer Requirements** 

a. Full span range 0-20 ppm or 0-25 ppm

b. Equipped with NO and NO

x modes

**2. Auditing Gas Requirements** 

a. NO 2 in air (or N 2 ): Use NO 2 in air for a stainless steel

converter.

b. Concentration of NO 2 : 15 to 18 ppm ( C 0

, ppm )

c. Recertification: An audit gas should be recertified after

six months.

**3. Calibration Gas Requirements** 

a. Concentration:
NO (17 to 19 ppm) with less than 0.1 ppm NO 2 – High Span
NO (10 to 13 ppm) with less than 0.1 ppm NO 2 – Mid Span

b. Zero Gas: High purity N 2

**4. Calibration of Analyzer:** 

a. Calibrate NO mode with the NO calibration gases.

b. Calibrate NO

x mode with the same gases without any gain
adjustment.

b1. If the analyzer is equipped with two independent gain
adjusting circuits, skip 4.b., then repeat 4.a. for the NO

x mode.

**5. Conversion Efficiency (CE) Test** 

a. Analyze the audit gas with NO mode. Read and standardize

concentration. ( C 1

, ppm )

b. Analyze the audit gas with NO

x mode. Read and standardize

concentration. ( C 2

, ppm )

**6. Calculation for Conversion Efficiency:** 

100 | | %

0 1 2 x C C C CE −

=

**7. Criteria for Acceptability of CE** 

a. % CE must be larger than 90%.

b. C 1 must be less than 5% of total NO

x (NO + NO 2 ) in the NO 2 audit gas (Section 2b).

NOTE: N O 2 audit gas concentration of higher value than what is specified i n
Section 2. may be r equired where NO 2 pr esent in the exhaust gas bei ng measure d
is greater than 30 ppm. Select the NO 2 gas within 10% of the expected NO 2 concentration in the exhaust.

600perf_pro1.doc : REV 9/20/05

### Appendix

The EPA Traceability Protocol can be downloaded here: http://www.epa.gov/oamci nc1/0410474/protocol.pdfSOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

METHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM
STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

OFFICE OF OPERATIONS
TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION
OCTOBER 2005METHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

1. Overview

1.1 Principle

1.2 Applicability

2. Field Procedures

2.1 Sampling Apparatus

2.2 Sampling Reagents

2.3 Pretest Determinations

2.4 Gas Volume Meter Checks

2.5 Pretest Preparation

2.6 Leak Check Procedures

2.7 Sampling Train Operation

2.8 Calculation of Percent Isokinetic

2.9 Sample Handling

2.10 Calibrations3. Laboratory Procedures

3.1 Apparatus

3.2 Reagents

3.3 Pretest Preparation

3.4 Preparation of Sample Collection Train

3.5 Leak Check

3.6 Sample Recovery

3.7 Sample Analysis

3.8 Calculations and Reporting

3.9 Calibrations

4. Engineering Calculations and Reporting

4.1 CalculationsMETHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

Section 1 of 4

1. Overview

1.1 Principle

A sample is withdrawn isokinetically from the

source through a sample train by a metering

system. Filterable particulate matter is

collected on a glass fiber filter kept inside the

stack. Condensibles and particulates passing

through the filter are collected in impingers

containing deionized water. The impingers are

contained in an ice bath to maintain a sampled

gas temperature of approximately 15 o C (60 o F). A

separate train for sulfuric acid mist may be

required (see below).

The total particulate mass is defined as the sum

of the mass collected in the probe, filter, and

impingers after removal of uncombined water, the

5.3 - 1organic extraction, and the sulfuric acid

collected from the separate sulfuric acid train

(if required). The solid particulate matter mass

is defined as the total particulate matter mass

minus extractable organic matter and sulfuric

acid.

An adjustment to the total particulate matter

mass is allowed for sulfuric acid formed from

reactions between SO 2 and SO 3 with the sample

train components. When ammonia is injected to

enhance the efficiency of a control device, a

second adjustment is allowed for total sulfate.

This adjustment is allowed for fluid catalytic

cracking units only.

Because of the complexity of this method testers

must be trained and experienced in the test

procedures.

1.2 Applicability

This method measures particulate emissions from

stationary sources, except when determining

compliance with New Source Performance Standards.

It does not apply to stacks that contain liquid

5.3 - 2droplets, or saturated with water vapor, or where

the temperature is greater than 204 o C (400 o F).

In addition, this method should not be used if

the projected cross sectional area of the probe

extension-filter holder assembly covers more than

5 percent of the stack cross sectional area (see

Figure 5.3-1). This method is recommended for

testing cement plants and other sources emitting

highly hygroscopic particulate matter.

5.3 - 3METHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

Section 2 of 4

2. Field Procedures

2.1 Sampling Apparatus

2.1.1 Sampling Train

A schematic of the sampling train used in

this method is shown in Figure 5.3-2. The

procedure for the preparation of the

sample collection train is given in Method

5.1, Section 3.2.1. The sampling train

consists of the following components:

a. Probe Nozzle

The nozzle material should be 316

stainless steel or glass, with a

sharp, tapered leading edge. The

taper angle should be < 30 o and on the

5.3 - 4outside, to preserve a constant

internal diameter. The stainless

steel nozzle should be constructed

from seamless tubing. Other materials

which will not be corroded by the

sampled gases or interfere with sample

recovery may be used.

A range of nozzle sizes suitable for

isokinetic sampling should be

available in increments of 0.16 cm

(1/16 in.), e.g. 0.32 to 1.27 cm (1/8

to 1/2 in.) or larger if higher volume

sampling trains are used. Each nozzle

must be calibrated according to

procedure outlined in Method 5.1,

Section 2.1.

b. Filter Holder

Use a borosilicate glass filter

holder, with a Teflon, Teflon-coated

stainless steel, or stainless steel

support and a silicone rubber gasket.

Gasket made of other materials such as

stainless steel, Teflon, or Viton may

5.3 - 5be used if they do not react with the

particulate matter or sampled gases.

Fritted glass supports are

unsatisfactory for post-filter

analysis. The holder design provides

a positive seal against leakage from

the outside or around the filter.

c. Probe Liner

Whenever practical, use borosilicate

or quartz glass probe liners. Metal

liners such as 316 stainless, Inconel,

Incoloy 825, or other corrosion

resistant metals made of seamless

tubing may be used when the

concentration of acid particulate is

less than 1 mg/m 3 at probe conditions

or SO 2 is less than 20 ppm.

d. Pitot Tube

Use an S-type Pitot tube, as described

in Section 1.1 of Method 2.1, or other

device approved by the Executive

Officer. Attach the Pitot tube to the

5.3 - 6probe, as shown in Figure 5.3-2, to

allow constant monitoring of the stack

gas velocity. If this is not

practical see Chapter X, section on

Flue Factor.

The impact (high pressure) opening

plane of the Pitot tube must be even

with or above the nozzle entry plane

(see Method 2.1) during sampling. The

S-type Pitot tube assembly must have a

known coefficient, as determined in

Method 2.1.

e. Differential Pressure Gauge

Use an inclined manometer or

equivalent device, as described in

Method 2.1, for stack velocity head

readings, and a separate manometer for

orifice differential pressure

readings.

f. Impinger Train

5.3 - 7The train consists of four GreenburgSmith design impingers connected in

series with leak-free ground glass

fittings, or any similar leak-free

non-contaminating fittings. The first

and second impingers must be of the

Greenburg-Smith design with the

standard tip. The third and fourth

impingers must be of the GreenburgSmith design, modified by replacing

the tip with 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) ID glass

tube extending to about 1.3 cm (1/2

in.) from the bottom of the flask.

Acceptable modifications include the

following: using flexible connections

between the impingers, using materials

other than glass, or using flexible

vacuum lines to connect the probe to

the impinger train.

The first and second impingers contain

100 ml of deionized water, the third

is empty and the fourth contains a

known weight of silica gel, or

equivalent desiccant. Place a

5.3 - 8thermometer capable of measuring

temperature to within 1 o C (2 o F) at the

outlet of the fourth impinger to

monitor outlet gas temperature.

Instead of using silica gel the

moisture leaving the third impinger

may be measured by monitoring the

temperature and pressure at the exit

of the impinger train and using

Dalton's law of partial pressures.

Even if one uses means other than

silica gel to determine the amount of

moisture leaving the impinger train,

silica gel, or equivalent should be

used between the impinger system and

pump to prevent moisture condensation

in the pump and metering devices.

g. Metering System

The metering system includes vacuum

gauge, leak-free pump, thermometers

capable of measuring temperature to

within 3 o C (5.4 o F), dry gas meter

5.3 - 9capable of measuring volume to within

2 percent, and related equipment, as

shown in Figure 5.3-2. An alternative

to the thermometers and dry gas meters

is an equivalent temperaturecompensated dry gas meter. When the

metering system is used in conjunction

with a Pitot tube, the system shall

allow for checks of isokinetic

sampling rates.

2.1.2 Barometer

A mercury, aneroid, or other barometer

capable of measuring atmospheric pressure

to within 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) Hg may be used.

Alternatively, the barometric reading may

be obtained from a nearby National Weather

Service station. Request the station

value (which is the absolute barometric

pressure) and adjust for elevation

difference between the NWS station and the

sampling point at the rate of minus 2.5 mm

(0.1 in.) Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation

increase or plus the same adjustment for

elevation decrease.

5.3 - 102.1.3 Temperature Determination Equipment

Use the temperature sensor described in

Method 2.1. Preferably the temperature

sensor should be permanently attached to

the Pitot tube or sampling probe so that

the tip of the sensor extends beyond the

leading edge of the probe sheath and

touches no metal. Alternatively, the

sensor may be attached just prior to use

in the field. If the temperature sensor

is attached in the field, place it in an

interference-free arrangement with respect

to the S-type Pitot tube openings (see

Method 2.1). As another alternative, if a

difference of not more than 1 percent in

the average velocity measurement and

resulting stack flow rate calculation

would be introduced, the temperature

gauge need not be attached to the probe or

Pitot tube.

2.1.4 Sulfuric Acid Determination Equipment

Same as Method 6.1. If the process is

steady state and sulfuric acid is less

5.3 - 11than 10 percent of the standard for the

applicable rule, concurrent sampling is

not required.

2.1.5 Gas Molecular Weight Determination

Equipment

Same as Method 3.1. Concurrent

determination is not required when the

process is steady state and the molecular

weight varies less than 2 percent.

2.2 Sampling Reagents

a. Filters

Glass fiber filters, without organic binder.

The filters should be at least 99.95 percent

efficient ( < 0.05 percent penetration) on

0.3-micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles.

The filter efficiency test must be conducted

in accordance with ASTM Standard Method

D-2986-71 or use data from the supplier's

quality control program. Low sodium filters

are recommended when SO 2 is present.

5.3 - 12b. Silica Gel

Indicating-type, 6 to 16 mesh. Use new

silica gel as received. If previously used,

dry at 175 o C (350 o F) for 2 hours.

c. Water

Deionized, distilled water to conform to ASTM

specification D1193-77 or D1193-91, Type 3.

At the option of the chemist, the KMnO 4 test

for oxidizable matter may be eliminated when

high concentrations of organic matter are not

expected to be present. Reference to water

throughout this method implies deionized,

distilled water.

Run blanks prior to field use to eliminate a

high blank on test samples.

d. Crushed Ice or Dry Ice Pellets

e. Stopcock Grease

Stopcock grease is not recommended and not

necessary if screw-on connectors with Teflon

5.3 - 13sleeves or similar are used. Acetoneinsoluble, heat-stable silicone grease may be

used. Other types of grease may be used,

subject to the approval of the Executive

Officer.

2.3 Pretest Determinations

Select the sampling site and the minimum number

of sampling points according to Method 1.1. If

it is not possible to follow Method 1.1, or more

than one sample site must be tested, see Chapter

X. Determine the stack pressure, temperature and

the range of velocity heads using Method 2.1.

Determine the moisture content, using Method 4.1

or it alternative, to make sampling rate

settings.

Determine the stack gas dry molecular weight, as

described in Method 3.1. If integrated sampling

(Method 3.1) is used for molecular weight

determination, take the integrated bag sample

throughout the total time of the particulate

sample run, unless the effect on the velocity

measurement and resulting stack flow rate

5.3 - 14calculation is less than 1 percent. In that case

take the integrated sample immediately before,

after, or for a shorter time during the

particulate sample run.

Select a nozzle size based on the range of

velocity heads, so that it is not necessary to

change the nozzle size to maintain isokinetic

sampling rates. Do not change the nozzle size

during the run. Choose the differential pressure

gauge appropriate for the range of velocity heads

encountered (see Method 2.1).

Select a probe length suitable for sampling all

traverse points. Consider sampling large stacks

from opposite sides (four sampling port holes) to

reduce probe lengths.

Select a total sampling time equal to or greater

than the minimum total sampling time specified in

the test procedures for the specific industry.

The sampling time per point must not be less than

2 minutes and the total sample volume taken

(corrected to standard conditions) must not be

less that 30 ft 3

.

5.3 - 15To avoid timekeeping errors, the number of

minutes sampled at each point should be an

integer or an integer plus one-half minute. The

sampling time should be the same at each point.

In some circumstances, e.g. batch cycles, it may

be necessary to sample for shorter times at the

traverse points, resulting in smaller gas sample

volumes. In these cases, test two or more

cycles.

Make a projected-area model of the probe

extension-filter holder assembly, with the Pitot

tube face openings positioned along the

centerline of the stack, as shown in Figure

5.3-1. Calculate the estimated cross-section

blockage as shown. If the blockage exceeds 5

percent of the duct cross sectional area, either

(1) use a suitable out-of-stack filtration method

instead of in-stack filtration; or (2) use a

special in-stack arrangement with separate

sampling and velocity measurement sites.

2.4 Gas Volume Meter Checks

Check the meter against the

− H@ orifice

calibration obtained in Chapter III without the

5.3 - 16probe, filter, and train connected. A pretest

check is recommended. A post test check is

mandatory.

Check calibration of the metering system by

performing calibration runs at three different

flow rates. Set flow rates at 0.4 CFM + 10

percent, 0.75 CFM + 10 percent, and 1.0 CFM + 10

percent. The calibration will be used to

calculate

− H@ at these three flow rates, where

− H@ is calculated as follows:

T m O 2

∆ H@ = 0.0319 ∆ H ---------------

P bar (Y 2 V m 2 A 2 )

where:

∆ H@ = Average pressure differential across

the orifice meter, in. H 2 O at 0.75

scfm (528 o F, 29.92 in. Hg)

T m = Absolute average dry gas meter

temperature, o R

P bar = Barometric pressure, in. Hg

O = Total sampling time, min

5.3 - 17Y = Dry gas meter calibration factor,

dimensionless, obtained from

Chapter III

∆ H = Pressure differential across the

orifice, in. H 2 O

V m = Volume of gas sample as measured by

dry gas meter, dcf

0.0319 = (0.0567 in. Hg/ o R) x (0.75 cfm) 2

A = 1, if meter is not temperature

compensated

T m

= ---------------------- Compensated Temp. ( o R)

if temperature compensated

If the measured

− H@ differs by more than + 3

percent of the actual

− H@ obtained in Chapter

III, the results of the tests are voided.

5.3 - 18Alternative procedure e.g. using an orifice meter

with a known K-factor may be used, subject to the

approval of the Executive Office.

2.5 Pretest Preparation

Set up the train as in Figure 5.3-2.

Mark the probe with heat-resistant tape or by

some other method to denote the proper distance

to insert the probe into the stack or duct for

each sampling point.

Place crushed ice or dry ice pellets around the

impingers.

2.6 Leak Checks

2.6.1 Pretest Leak Check

After the sampling train has been

assembled, plug the inlet to the probe

nozzle with a material able to withstand

the stack temperature. Insert the filter

holder into the stack and wait

approximately 5 minutes, or longer if

necessary, to allow the system to come to

5.3 - 19equilibrium with the stack gas

temperature. Turn on the pump and draw a

vacuum of at least 380 mm (15 in.) Hg; a

lower vacuum may be used if it is not

exceeded during the test. Determine the

leakage rate. A leakage rate in excess of

either 4 percent of the average sampling

rate or 0.00057 m 3 minute (0.02 cfm), is

unacceptable.

Start the pump with the bypass valve fully

open and the coarse adjust valve

completely closed. Partially open the

coarse adjust valve and slowly close the

bypass valve until the desired vacuum is

reached. Do not reverse direction of

bypass valve. If the desired vacuum is

exceeded, either leak check at this higher

vacuum or end the leak check as shown

below and start over.

When the leak check is completed, slowly

remove the plug from the inlet to the

probe nozzle and immediately turn off the

vacuum pump. This prevents water from

being forced backward and keeps silica gel

5.3 - 20from being entrained backward. Perform

leak check of Pitot lines (see Method

2.1).

2.6.2 Leak Check During Sample Run

If a component change (e.g. filter

assembly or impinger) becomes necessary

during the sampling run, conduct a leak

check immediately before the change is

made. Use the pretest leak check

procedure, but use a vacuum equal to or

greater than the maximum value recorded up

to that point in the test.

If the leakage rate is is not greater than

either 0.00057 m 3 /min (0.02 cfm) or 4

percent of the average sampling rate, the

results are acceptable, and no correction

has to be applied to the total volume of

dry gas metered. However, if leakage

rate exceeds either of these limits, the

tester must either record the leakage rate

and correct the sample volume as shown in

Chapter X, or void the sampling run.

5.3 - 21Immediately after component changes,

perform pretest leak check.

2.6.3 Post Test Leak Check

A leak check is mandatory at the

conclusion of each sampling run. Follow

the procedures outlined in Section 2.6.1,

at a vacuum equal to or greater than the

maximum value reached during the sampling

run. Compare the leakage rate to limits

indicated in Section 2.6.2 and follow the

procedure described there.

2.7 Sampling Train Operation

During the sampling run, maintain an isokinetic

sampling rate within 10 percent of true

isokinetic. Maintain ice in the ice bath.

For each run, record the data required on the

data sheet shown in Figure 5.3-3. Be sure to

record the initial dry gas meter reading. Record

the dry gas meter readings at the beginning and

end of each sampling time increment, when changes

5.3 - 22in flow rates are made, before and after each

leak check, and when sampling is halted.

Record other data required by the sheet in Figure

5.3-3 at least once for each sample point during

each time increment. Take additional readings

when significant changes (20 per cent variation

in velocity head readings) require adjustments in

flow rate.

Level and zero the manometer and make periodic

checks during the traverse, because the manometer

level and zero may drift due to vibrations and

temperature changes.

During the period before sampling, the nozzle can

be pointed downstream. Clean the portholes prior

to the test run to minimize the chance of

contamination. To begin sampling, remove the

nozzle cap and verify that the Pitot tube and

probe extension are properly positioned.

Position the nozzle at the first traverse point

and rotate the nozzle until the tip is pointing

directly into the gas stream before turning an

the sampling pump. Immediately start the pump

and adjust the flow to isokinetic conditions.

5.3 - 23Use calculators or nomographs to expedite

adjustment of the isokinetic sampling rate.

When the stack is under significant negative

pressure (height of water in impinger stem), take

care to close the coarse adjust valve before

inserting the probe into the stack to prevent

water from backing into the filter holder. If

necessary the pump may be turned on with the

coarse adjust valve closed.

When the probe is in position, block off the

openings around the probe and porthole to prevent

unrepresentative dilution of the gas stream.

If needed, start the H 2 SO 4 .2H 2 O sample train

following procedures outlined in Method 6.1.

Traverse the stack cross section, as required by

Method 1.1. Be careful to avoid bumping the

probe nozzle into the stack walls when sampling

near the walls or when moving the probe through

the portholes. This minimizes the chance of

extracting stack deposits.

5.3 - 24During the test run, add more ice to maintain a

temperature less than 15 o C (60 o F) at the

condenser/silica gel outlet. Also periodically

check the level and zero of the manometer. Note

and investigate any changes in stack temperature

or velocity pressure over those measured during

previous tests or traverses. Changes can mean

failure of sampling equipment or a change in the

source.

If the pressure drop of the filter becomes too

high, making isokinetic sampling difficult to

maintain, the filter may be replaced during a

sample run. Use another complete filter assembly

rather than attempt to change the filter itself.

Before a new filter assembly is installed,

conduct a leak check (see Section 2.6.2).

The total particulate weight includes the

summation of all filter assembly catches. Use a

single train for the entire sample run, except

cases when sampling is required in two or more

ducts or at two or more locations within the same

duct, or when equipment failure necessitates a

change of trains. When two or more trains are

used, perform separate analyses of the front-half

5.3 - 25and impinger catches from each train must be

performed.

At the end of the sample run, turn off the coarse

adjust valve, remove the probe and nozzle from

the stack, turn off the pump, record the final

dry gas meter reading, and conduct a post test

leak check as outlined in Section 2.6.3.

Also, leak check Pitot lines as described in

Method 2.1. The lines must pass this leak check

to validate the velocity head data. Calibrate

the meter as described in Section 2.4.

2.8 Calculation of Percent Isokinetic

Calculate percent isokinetic using the equation

shown in Figure 5.3-5 to determine whether the

run was valid or another test run should be made.

2.9 Sample Handling

Proper clean-up procedure begins as soon as the

probe is removed from the stack at the end of the

sampling period.

5.3 - 26Allow the probe to cool. When the probe can be

safely handled, wipe off all external particulate

matter near the tip of the probe nozzle and place

a cap over it to prevent losing or gaining

particulate matter. Do not cap off the probe tip

tightly while the sampling train is cooling down.

This would create a vacuum in the filter holder,

drawing water from the impingers into the filter.

Before moving the sample train to the clean-up

site, remove the probe from the sample train,

wipe off any stopcock grease, and cap the open

outlets of the probe. Be careful not to lose any

condensate that might be present. Remove the

umbilical cord from the last impinger and cap the

impinger. If a flexible line is used between the

first impinger and the probe, disconnect the line

at the probe and let any condensed water or

liquid drain into the impingers or condenser.

After wiping off any stopcock grease, cap off the

probe outlet and impinger inlet. Either groundglass stoppers, plastic caps, or serum caps may

be used to close these openings.

Transfer the probe, filter, and impinger assembly

to the clean-up area. This area should be clean

5.3 - 27and protected from the wind to reduce chances of

contaminating or losing the sample. It is

recommended that sample recovery be performed in

a controlled laboratory environment.

2.10 Calibrations

See Chapter III.

5.3 - 28METHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

Section 3 of 4

3. Laboratory Procedures

3.1 Apparatus

3.1.1 Sampling Train

See Section 2.1.

3.1.2 Sample Recovery

See Method 5.1, Section 3.1.2.

3.1.3 Analysis of Particulate Matter

See Method 5.1, Section 3.1.3.

3.1.4 Acid and Sulfate Analysis

See Method 5.1, Section 3.1.4.

5.3 - 293.2 Reagents

See Method 5.1, Section 3.2.

3.3 Pretest Preparation

See Method 5.1, Section 3.3.

3.4 Preparation of Sample Collection Train

Assemble the train as shown in Figure 5.2-1.

Follow the loading and connection procedures

found in Method 5.1, Section 3.3.

3.5 Leak Check

The sample collection train may be leak checked

in the laboratory after assembly following the

procedures found in Section 2.5.

3.6 Sample Recovery

Recover the sample in three fractions:

filter, prefilter, and post-filter.

5.3 - 303.6.1 Prefilter Fraction

This includes the nozzle and front half of

the filter holder. Recover this fraction

using the procedures outlined in Section

3.6.2, Method 5.1.

3.6.2 Filter Fraction

Recover the filter using the procedures

outlined in Section 3.6.1, Method 5.1.

3.6.3 Post-Filter

This consists of the back half of the

filter holder, the probe, first three

impingers and any connectors. Measure the

moisture gain using Method 4.1, and

recover this fraction using the procedures

outlined in Section 3.6.2 and 3.6.3,

Method 5.1.

3.7 Sample Analysis

5.3 - 31The three fractions are analyzed separately using

procedures outlined in Section, 3.7, Method 5.1.

3.7.1 Prefilter

Analyze the prefilter fraction for total

residue weight, acid content and, sulfate

content. Organic extraction is not

performed on this fraction because organic

compounds do not normally deposit on

heated train components.

3.7.2 Filter

Weigh the filter to constant weight and

analyze for acid and sulfate if necessary.

3.7.3 Post-Filter

Analyze the post-filter catch for organic

residue (if required), aqueous or total

residue, acid and sulfate.

NOTE: This fraction represents

"condensable" particulates i.e. compounds

which condense at ambient conditions and

5.3 - 32particulates <0.3 microns in diameter.

Filtration for insolubles is not normally

required before organic extraction, since

the up-filter catches most insoluble

particulates.

3.8 Calculations and Reporting

Calculations are carried out as in Method 5.1.

Results are reported as follows:

Total Impinger Volume, ml (g)

Impinger Gain, ml (g)

Silica Gel Gain, ml (g)

Pre-Filter Recovered Volume, ml (g)

Residue, mg

Acid, as H 2 SO 4 .2H 2 O, mg

Sulfate, as H 2 SO 4. 2H 2 O, mg

Filter Catch, mg

Acid, as H 2 SO 4 .2H 2 O, mg

Sulfate, as H 2 SO.2H 2 O, mg

Post-Filter Recovered Volume, ml (g)

Organic Residue, mg

Aqueous (or Total) Residue, mg

Acid, as H 2 SO 4 .2H 2 O, mg

Sulfate, as H 2 SO 4 .2H 2 O, mg

5.3 - 333.9 Calibrations

See Method 5.1, Section 3.9

5.3 - 34METHOD 5.3

DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES USING AN IN-STACK FILTER

Section 4 of 4

4. Engineering Calculations and Reporting

4.1 Calculations

Carry out calculations, retaining at least one

decimal figure more than that of the acquired

data. Round off figures after the final

calculation. Other forms of the equations may be

used as long as they give equivalent results.

See Figures 5.3-4 and 5.3-5

5.3 - 35