16

The U.S. Premium, No. 1, and No. 2 grades require not less than heavy,
medium, or light density, respectively. Trees can also exhibit “uneven density,”
which will appear on a tree as variations in density (heavy, medium, light) throughout
individual trees from bottom to top or from face to face. This is a quality defect and
shall be scored as a minor or noticeable defect, or as a cull depending on the
severity.

The following terms should be used to describe density: “Heavy density”
means the whorls or branches are relatively close together, the spaces between
are filled with needles and twigs so that the following species have the correspond-
ing percentage of foliage so the main stem is not visible and the needle content and
length are adequate to cover the branches:
, Percentage of Main

Name Stem Covered
RedCedar .................000-- 90 to 100%
BalsamFir . 2... 1... ee ee eee eee 80 to 100%
DouglasFir 2.2... ee eee ee ee 90 to 100%
FraserFir 2... ee ee ee ee eee 70 to 100%
RedFir.. 2... ee eee eee eee 60 to 100%

White Fir 2... ee ee eee 70 to 100%
Grand Fir 2... ee ee eee 80 to 100%
NobleFir... 2... 0... ee eee eee ee 60 to 100%
RedPine.............. 0.0022 70 to 100%
Scotch Pine 2... 2.2.0... .... 2c eee 90 to 100%
VirginiaPine 2... ... eee ee eee 90 to 100%
White Pine... 0... ee eee eee 90 to 100%
Spruce (al) 2... ee eee 80 to 100%
For species not specifically listed in the standard “heavy density” will mean for:
other Cedarspecies ....... 90-100 percent of main stem covered
other Firspecies ......... 60-100 percent of main stem covered

other Pine species ........ 70-100 percent of main stem covered


() =" United States

Standards for
Grades of
Christmas Trees

Revised, Effective October 30, 1989



33

Density of the greenery along the rings or lengths of roping can be reported
using the terms: heavy, medium, or light. (Density refers to the greenery attached
to the ring or wire, not missing or attached pieces.)

Also, if the wreaths or other greenery have been painted, this fact can be
reported. See the paragraphs on painting in the Christmas tree section.

(7) Condition

The following shall be reported:
« Freshness and Healthiness

e Color
e Other Condition Defects

Freshness and Healthiness. The needles should be green, pliable and firmly
attached, with no more than slight shedding. Wreaths and other greenery with
needles that are dull, or discolored, brittle or that shed readily in normal handling
shall not be considered fresh and should be reported as “not fresh.”

Color. The needles should be green (or a color characteristic of the species.)
Yellow, brown or otherwise discolored needles should be reported using general
terms.

Other Condition Defects. Wreaths and other greenery can be affected by the
same types of condition defects as Christmas Trees, such as: insect or disease
damage, fresh mechanical damage, abnormal curling of needles, and loss of
needles. See the paragraphs covering these factors in the Christmas Tree section.

(8) Remarks

See this same heading in the Christmas Tree section.


§ 51.3105 Classification of Defects

Table I

Factor

Minor defects

Noticeable defects

1. Density.

2. Curvature of main stem.

3. Insect or disease damage
4. Broken branches.

5. Physical damage.
6. Foreign material and/or vines.

7. Multiple leader stems.
8. Extra long branches.

9. Abnormal curling of needles.
10. Weak lower branches.

11. Handle not proportionate to
height.
12. Incomplete whorl of branches.

13. Holes or gaps in tree.

14. Gooseneck.
15. Loss of needles.

Slight uneven density.

Slight visible crook in the main stem. (4 inches or less
from vertical).

Slight insect or disease damage.
1 broken whorl branch near the main stem.

Slight physical damage.
Slight amount of foreign material or vines.

Multiple leaders.

Branch over 10 inches longer than other branches or.
ling whorl.

Slightly abnormal curling of needles.
Free from.

Free from

Less than 1/4 of branches are missing in a given
whorl.

Free from.

Free from.
Slight loss of needles.

Moderately uneven density.

Main stem visibly curved more than 4, but
Jess than 6 inches from vertical.

Moderate insect or discase damage.

Broken leader or more than 1 broken
whorl branch adjacent main stem.

Moderate physical damage.
Moderate amount of foreign material or

vines.
Crows nest.
NIA

Moderately abnormal curling of needles.

Weak lower branches affecting up to 3/4
of branches on bottom whorl.

Handle not proportionate to height of wee.
1/4 but less than 1/2 of branches are miss-
ing in a given whorl.

Hole in the tree or considerably out
of proportion with the uniform branch char-
acteristics of the balance of the tree.

Free from.

Moderate loss of needles.



10

(9) Size

Size can be reported in a number of ways, including: range in height of
individual trees, range in height of trees per bundle, number of trees per bundle,
uniformity of size (height) per bundle, handle length, and diameter of butt.

Height of Trees. Unless otherwise specified, the following color codes will be
used to designate the respective sizes:

Lime ........ 3 feet or less
Orange ....... . er 3to4
Blue... ....... Over 4to5
Red ..... «+... Over5to6
Yellow .. 2.2.2... Over 6 to 7
Green .. 2.2.2. - - Over7to8
White .. 2.2... - + Over8to9
Pink... 2.52... Over 9 feet

These color codes may be seen in a variety of ways. Most commonly however, -
the trees will be tagged with a color coded ribbon or tag, or in the markets the butts

of the trees may be painted with the designated color to indicate the cooresponding

- Even though these colors have a specific size range, the applicant can specify
other heights. Also, for example, if a yellow tag (used to designate over 6 to 7 feet
in the standard) is printed with a different height, the printed height becomes the
size designation (“unless otherwise specified” clause of the standard).

in determining which designations apply, the measurement for height is the
distance from the base of the handle, or ground level if trees are inspected “on the
stump” to the top of the main leader, excluding that portion of the leader that extends
more than 4 inches above the apex of the cone of the taper applicable to the tree.

Keep in mind that seventy-five percent (75%) of the branches must touch or overlap
the line of the cone.

Mlustration 1, page 12 shows the significant points when measuring height. Do

not score long leaders (that portion of the leader longer than the 4 inches above the
apex of the cone) as a defect.




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Market

Appendix Ill - iv


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Appendix Ill - viii





20

tree is reasonably free from foreign material, while “fairly clean” means that the
tree is moderately free from foreign material. “Healthy” means the needles have
a fresh, natural appearance characteristic of the species.

Painted trees. Sometimes trees are painted either before or after being cut.
Painted trees may be inspected and certified as to one of the U.S. grades. However,
painted and unpainted trees must be inspected as separate lots. A lot of trees will
fail to meet the requirements of any of the U.S. grades when the appearance is
materially affected because of being painted to such a degree that the branchlets
or branches are excessively covered, when the needles are matted together, or
when the shade of green (or other) color is not characteristically typical of the
species. See the section on “Foreign Material,” page 23.

Defects. Christmas trees can show several defects if the trees are examined
closely from top to bottom, and along each branch. However, it is intended that trees
shall be inspected from a distance of eight to ten (8 to 10) feet from each tree. If
defects or problems are apparent from this distance, closer examination may be
necessary to determine the severity of such defects.

There are three degrees of defects - “minor,” “noticeable,” and “severe” (or
culls). A tree will grade U.S. Premium, U.S. No. 1, or U.S. No. 2 depending on the
number and degree of defects affecting one or more faces. There are certain specific
defects which do not affect a face, such as off-length handle or poorly trimmed butt,
and others that affect every face such as multiple leaders. All are scoreable defects.

Minor defects are slight imperfections in the development (growth habits) of
the tree or defects resulting from handling, which materially affect the appearance
of the tree. Noticeable defects are imperfections in the development (growth habits)
of the tree or defects resulting from handling, which seriously affect the appearance
of the tree. Severe defects are culls in all of the grades. They very seriously affect
the appearance of the tree.

Tables | and Il in the standard list defects that can affect one or more faces of
a tree. The various defects are specifically defined as minor, noticeable or culls. It
is important to remember that a single defect, although it may be visible from more
than one face can be scored only once. Factors that could be scored as defects
include: density, curvature of main stem, insect or disease damage, broken
branches, physical damage, foreign material and/or vines, multiple leader stems,
extra long branches, abnormal curling of needles, weak lower branches, handle not
proportionate to height, incomplete whorl of branches, holes or gaps in tree,
gooseneck, and loss of needles. .


2

United States Standards for Grades of Christmas Trees
Effective October 30, 1989

Source: 38 FR 5252, Feb. 27, 1973, unless

otherwise
32514, June 27, 1977 and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981.

GENERAL
Sec.

51.3085 General.

GRADES
U.S. Premium.
U.S. No. 1.
U.S. No. 2.

CULLS

51.3086
51.3087
51.3088

31.3089 = Culls.

SIZE
51.3090 Size.
TOLERANCES
Tolerances.

DEFINITIONS
Fresh.
Clean.
Healthy.
Well shaped.
Butt trimmed.
Density.
Normal taper.
Face.
Fairly clean.
Handle.
Height.
Minor defects.
51.3104 Noticeable defects.
51.3105 Classification of defects.

METRIC CONVERSION TABLE
51.3106 Metric conversion table.

GENERAL
§ 51.3085 - General.

The standards contained in this subpart are
applicable to sheared or unsheared trees of the
coniferous species which are normally
marketed as Christmas trees. The majority of
the Christmas trees marketed are of the follow-

ing species:

51.3091

31.3092
51.3093
51.3094
51.3095
51.3096
51.3097
51.3098
51.3099
51.3100
51.3101
51.3102
51.3103

noted. Redesignated ai 42 FR

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii), Bal-
sam Fir (Abies Balsamea), Red Fir (Abies Mag-
nifica), White Fir (Abies Concolor), Fraser Fir
(Abies Fraseri); Grand Fir (Abies Grandis);
Noble Fir (Abies Procera); White Spruce
(Picea Glauca); Blue Spruce (Picea Pungens);
Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), Red
Pine (Pinus Resinosa); White Pine (Pinus
Strobus); Virginia Pine (Pinus Virginiana);
Scotch Pine (Pinus Syivestris).

GRADES
§ 51.3086 U.S. Premium.

“U.S. Premium” consists of trees which meet
the following requirements:

(a) Characteristics typical of the species;

(b) Butt trimmed; except for trees graded “on
the stump”;

(c) Normal taper;

(d) Fresh;

(e) Clean;

(f) Healthy;

(g) Well shaped;

(h) Not less than heavy density;

(i) Handle length, unless otherwise specified,
shall be not less than 6 inches, or more than
14% inches for each foot of tree height. For trees
graded “on the stump,” handle length will not
be a requirement of the grade;

(j) Three faces with not more than 1 minor
defect. Remaining face may not have more
than 1 minor defect;

(k) For size see § 51.3090;
(1) For tolerances see § 51.3091.

§ 51.3087 U.S. No. 1.

“U.S. No. 1" consists of trees which meet the
following requirements:

(a) Characteristics typical of the species;

(b) Butt trimmed; except for trees graded “‘on
the stump”;


Table of Contents

(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)
(5)
(6)

(8)
(9)

Section Page(s)
General 2. 1 ee ee ee ee ee 1

Christmas Tree Terminology ......+.-+-++-2+5 ee eee 2
Inspection Procedures .......

Species ........-.
DouglasFir ........
BalsamFir 2. 2 ww ee eee
Red Fir... ee
White Fir 2 6 6 ww
FraserFir . 6 6 2 ee ee
Grand Fir 2 6. ee
Noble Fir 2. 6 6 6 ew ee ee
White Spruce 2... ee ee es
Blue Spruce . 2. 2 1 1 es
Eastern Red-Cedar 2... 1. we ee ee ee ee ee
Norway orRedPine . 2... 2. ee tt ee ee
WhitePine 2 6. es
VirginiaPine 2. we ee The
Scotch Pine 2... 1 ee ee

Sampling «2 1. wee eee ee ee ee tts wee 7
Representative Sampling . 2... 1 ee ee ee 7

Tolerances and Application of Tolerances ......-- ++ ++ -7°8.
Heading onaNotesheet . 2... 2.0 ee eee eee ee ee te B
Products inspected .........

Species ........

Distinguishing Marks
StateofOrign .. 1...
Quantity Inspected

Kind of Carrierand ConditionofLoad ...... 22.2 ee eee a

Temperature ofProduct .... 2.2.2. 22+ 2s eee eee oe e Y

Size. ee ee te te te ee es 10-14
HeightofTree 6. we 10
lilustration | (Height of Tree andCone ofTaper) ......-...-- 12
Number of Trees PerBundie . . 2... 2 ee ee ee ee ee 13
Uniformity of Size ww we ee 13
HandleLength . 2. 1. ee 13
Diameter ofButt 2... 1 1 ee ee ee ee 14


31

Inspection Instructions for
Wreaths and Other Greenery

(1) General

During the past few years the inspection service has experienced an increasing
number of requests for inspection of wreaths and other greenery (roping, garland,
etc.)

At the present time, there are only U.S. Standards for Grades of Christmas
Trees. Therefore, definitions of minor, noticeable and severe defects do not apply.
However, if a factor of Quality or Condition occurs, it may be described as “affected
by.”(Describe degree and area affected.) Size may also be reported. *

(2) Products Inspected

When reporting the name of the wreaths or other greenery in the “Products”
section of the certificate, enter the common name, such as “Wreaths,” “Garland,”
“Roping,” etc. The species (variety) if quoted on the authority of someone other than
the inspector, can also be reported.

If the wreaths or other greenery are bundled or tied, or in containers this should
also be noted.

The number of wreaths or other greenery should be reported. The quantity
should always be shown in individual pieces (of wreaths or lengths of other
greenery, etc.).

(3) Temperature of Product

A common defect in wreaths and other greenery is discolored needles and/or
shedding of needles. This is often a result of high temperatures within bundles or
containers. Therefore, temperatures within bundles, or stacks should be reported.


17

“Medium density” means the whorls or branches are reasonably close
together, the spaces between are filled with twigs and needles so that the following
species have the corresponding percentage of foliage so the main stem is not visible
and the needle content and length are adequate to cover the branches:

Percentage of Main

Name Stem Covered
RedCedar 2... 1... ee ee eee ee eee 70 to 90%
BalsamFir ....... 00-2 eee eee eed 60 to 80%
DouglasFir 2.2... ee eee ee ee 70 to 90%
FraserFir 2... 1. eee ee ee eee ee eel 50 to 70%
RedFir 2... . ee ee ee ee eee 50 to 60%
White Fir 2. ee ee 50 to 70%
Grand Fir 2... ee ee ee ee 60 to 80%
NobleFir 2.2... eee eee ee eed 50 to 60%
RedPine 2.1... . ee ee ee dl 60 to 70%
Scotch Pine 2... 2... cee ee ee eee 70 to 90%
VirginiaPine 2... 2... eee ee eee 70 to 90%
White Pine 2... 2... ee ee eee ee eee 70 to 90%
Spruce (all) 2.2... 2... eee eee ee ee dl 60 to 80%

For species not specifically listed in the standard “medium density” will mean for:
other Cedar species ....... 70-90 percent of main stem covered 7
other Firspecies ......... 50-90 percent of main stem covered °
other Pine species ........ 60-90 percent of main stem covered

“Light density” means the whorls or branches are reasonably spaced, the
spaces between are only partially filled so that the following species have the
corresponding percentage of foliage so the main stem is not visible and the needle
content and length are adequate to cover the branches:

Percentage of Main

Name Stem Covered
RedCedar ............ 00.0. 0065 50 to 70%
BalsamFir .. 1... .-- eee ee eee eee 40 to 60%
DouglasFir 2... 2... ... 000. ee eee dd 50 to 70%
FraserFir 2... oe ee ee 40 to 50%
Red Fir 2... ee ee ee ee 40 to 50%
White Fir 2... .......... a, 40 to 50%

Grand Fir 2.1... ee ee ee Gl 40 to 60%


Revised, July 1997, HU-137-4(a)
Page 23, Christmas Trees, Market and Shipping Point
Inspection Instructions, September 1992

23

Score as a minor defect one broken whorl branch near the main stem; as a
noticeable defect a broken leader or more than one broken whorl branch
adjacent the main stem; as a severe defect the main stem broken below the
top whorl or more than three branches broken near the trunk.

Physical damage. (%*%*) Physical damage should be treated the same as broken
branches when determining if the damage should be reported as quality or condition. It
can be caused by rough handling or treatment such as: branches or main stem damaged
by mowing equipment (while in the field), motor vehicle damage to lower branches, skinned
or torn branches or main stem, branches being pruned or sheared too closely to the main
stem. It should be remembered that most branches may have been cut when the trees
were pruned, sheared or shaped. Such cuts are generally normally made to improve the
appearance, density, taper or balance of the tree. Old cuts caused by shearing or pruning
which detract from the appearance should be scored as quality factors. Fresh mechanical
damage to branches, badly skinned butts and main stem (torn or missing bark) shall be
considered condition factors if the inspector believes the injury occurred in transit or at
destination.

Score as a minor defect slight physical damage (affecting one branch); as
a noticeable defect moderate physical damage (affecting the leader, the
handle, or more than one branch); as a severe defect severe physical
damage (affecting the main stem below the top whorl or more than three
branches).

Foreign material and/or vines. (2%) This could include, but is not limited to, moss,
lichen growth, vines birds nests, weeds, and grass. Small amounts of moss, lichen growth,
vines, broken seed cones or other foreign material, including a single small (4 inch) intact
birds nest may not be scoreable against any grade. However, if present in larger amounts
or if no longer intact, they would be scored against one of the grades as foreign material.

Trees that are painted to such a degree as to materially affect the appearance
should be scored as “foreign material" (excessive paint, see section on "Painted trees,"
page 20). Trees that show any amount of "flocking" should be scored as foreign material. .
(Flocking is the practice of spraying trees with a material to give the appearance of snow.)


19

with its lowest whorl of branches 4 feet wide has a taper of 50 percent. [See
illustration on page 8 of the standard showing Christmas Tree Taper.]

Trees that have a taper of less than 40 percent shall be described as
“candlestick.” Trees that have a taper of more than 100 percent shall be described
as “flaring.” Both candlestick and flaring tapers are defects of all grades.

Pine trees do not generally grow to form a cone shape, but more nearly
resemble a teardrop. The bottom whorl of branches may be shorter than the
branches on the adjacent one or two whorls. This is typical of the pine species, and
should not be considered in determining taper unless the condition is excessive. If
the branches on the bottom whorl are more than 10 inches shorter than the branches
on the adjacent one or two whorls, this would be considered excessive, and
therefore the branches on the bottom whorl should be used to determine the taper.
The fir trees generally resemble a cone in shape while the spruce normally falls
somewhere between the pines and firs in regards to taper. Trees are seldom
symmetrically perfect, so it is suggested that the tips of a few lateral branches be
ignored when judging taper. Also, remember, 75% of the branches must touch or
overlap the line of the cone.

Density and Taper After Cutting. (%*%*) Density and taper of trees after they
are cut, tied, stacked and shipped, and also exposed to snow and rain is often
different than before trees have been cut. Density and taper are almost always
quality factors, however, they may be considered condition factors if the trees have
sustained substantial fresh mechanical damage. When judging density and taper
after trees are cut, either at shipping point or destination, always shake the trees
out. ft may also be necessary to bend some branches down. This is important and
must be followed prior to inspecting the trees to be certain that density and taper of
cut trees is similar to what they were prior to being cut.

In extremely cold weather it may be necessary for the applicant to provide some
type of heat and shelter so that the trees may be thawed out or warmed up before
density and taper can be accurately determined.

Foliage. (*%*) The foliage of a tree should be described in terms of its
freshness, cleanness, and healthiness. The U.S. Premium grade requires the
foliage to be fresh, clean and healthy, while the U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades
require fresh, fairly clean and healthy foliage.

“Fresh” means the needles are green (or color characteristic for the species),
pliable, and firmly attached; with not more than slight shedding. “Clean” means the


32

(4) Sampling

Representative Sampling. Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the
importance of the inspector obtaining representative samples. Accurate certification
is possible only if the samples examined are truly representative of the entire lot or
accessible portion. All portions of a lot or load should receive the same attention in
sampling regardless of the difficulty involved in reaching the more inaccessible
layers or parts of a load.

General terms shall be used to describe and report defects. If the wreaths or
other greenery are bundled, the bundle shall be the unit of inspection. Bundies
should be opened to accurately determine the number of individual pieces affected
by defects. For example; Most bundles show 1 to 2 wreaths with yellow discoloration
(affecting V4 to 2 of wreath), or some lengths of roping show from 1 to 42 of length
dry and discolored with needies shedding readily when handled.

If the wreaths or other greenery are loose (not bundled) the individual wreath
or piece of greenery shall be the unit of inspection.

(5) Size

Size can be reported in a number of ways, including: diameter of wreaths
(outside diameter), number of wreaths per bundle, length of roping, garland or other
greenery, and number of pieces of roping, garland or other greenery per bundle.
Diameter or length should be reported in inches or feet, whichever is applicable.

(6) Quality

Generally, quality factors will not be reported when inspecting wreaths or other
greenery. However, individual wreaths and pieces of other greenery are usually
held together with some type of wire, or attached to wire rings. The points of
attachment may be loose, or become unattached. Do not be too critical of these
factors, however, if pieces of greenery along the rings or along the lengths of roping
have become unattached report it using general terms. For example: Some wreaths
show loose or missing pieces of greenery, with sections of wire ring visible.


14

is a noticeable defect. If market inspectors come across this situation, special
attention should be paid to shipping point inspection certificates or other documen-
tation that could verify handle length prior to shipping, or whether a shipping point
inspection was performed “on the stump.”

Tree Height Minimum Handle Length Maximum Handle Length
Sfeet ......... Ginches.............- 6 inches
Steet 2... ...0.. Ginches ............. 6 inches
Sfeet ......... Ginches ............ 7.5 inches
6feet ......... 6inches ..... wee eee 9 inches
7feet 2... ...000. 6inches ........... 10.5 inches
8feet ......... 6inches ............ 12 inches
Qfeet ......... 6inches ........... 13.5 inches
Wfeet .......0. Ginches ..........-.-. 15 inches

Handle length for 3 and 4 foot trees will probably be specified.

Inspections are sometimes performed during the loading process. Occa-
sionally, the shipper may re-trim the butts at this time, changing the handle length
of the trees after the inspection is complete. If the inspector is absolutely certain of
this situation, a statement of the facts can be made on the notesheet similar to:
“inspector observed handles being trimmed on most (many, some, etc.) trees after
inspection, prior to or during loading.”

Diameter of butt. \f the diameter of the butt is requested, this may be shown
either by individual trees or by bundles. The diameter is determined by measuring
the greatest distance across the butt at right angles to the stem (handle). If
requested, this shall be shown to the nearest % inch.

(10) Quality, Condition and Defects

Statements pertaining to density, taper, trimming, shape, freshness, color and
the amount and kind of defects are shown under the appropriate headings. Those
factors noted with one asterisk (%#) shall be reported as CONDITION factors on
market certificates. Those factors noted with two asterisks (%*%*) may be considered
as QUALITY or CONDITION depending on the circumstances.


Revised, May 1994, HU-123-2(d)
Appendix tlt - vi, Example #1, Notesheet, Christmas Trees Market
and Shipping Point Inspection instructions, September 1992

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Jaber [e-7" fue [yt bed Ee [Ne dthanw 3oz]+i | \
five 11-8" loth [757 [ue 7 J tleal

HcARLOT Basis : INSPECTED BY; .
HOURLY Catia : CEN JAN. an
TRAVEL Tene:

‘ASSISTED BY:
exeenses: _(Gor:les\ {48s
en ToTat: : TF. Dre _

Appendix Il - vi


shaped, and usually curved, 3 to 8 inches long. They are native to the Eastern U.S.
and Eastern Canada.

Virginia Pine is also known as “Scrub Pine” for it's scrubby or straggly
appearance of the tops. It has slender, horizontal drooping branches and purplish,
young shoots. The needles are two to a bundle, twisted, rigid and usually 3 inches
in length. Cones are up to 3 inches in length with scales that end in a sharp point.
They are native in the Eastern U.S., from New York to Georgia and Alabama.

Scotch Pine is not native to the United States. Scotch pine needles are in
clusters of two, grayish-green to blue-green in color, usually twisted, and from 1 to
4 inches long. Cones are not common on trees of Christmas tree size. When found,
they are 1% to 21% inches long, yellow brown with minute prickles on the cone
scales. The bark of older Scotch pine trees is distinctly reddish-brown to salmon
pink, a characteristic which often shows up on trees of Christmas tree size. Trees
of this species found on the market come from planted stock. With enough open
space, it grows into a shapely tree, (like other evergreens grown under similar
conditions). It:responds well to pruning and shearing and can thus be made bushy.

Most pines have considerably longer needies than those of Balsam Fir,
Douglas Fir, Spruce and Eastern Red-cedar. However, short needled pine strains
such as the French and Spanish have been developed.

There are other species of lesser importance from a commercial standpoint
that may be inspected, but are not described above. They include various spruce,
fir, and pine species.

Shearing. The standards are applicable to either sheared or unsheared trees.
Sheared trees generally have had the ends on many to nearly all of the branches
cut off. This forces lateral growth and thus increases density. The amount of the
limb that is cut off is based upon the overall shape of the tree, the degree of
openness, and the extent of deformities. Shearing resembles the operation of
shaping a hedge and is generally practiced on trees of the pine family. However,
most fir and spruce trees are also sheared to improve shape and appearance.

Pruning. This generally means the removal of defective branches, extra
leaders and some of the bottom branches or the bottom whorl of branches. The
removal of the bottom branches decreases the rate of growth of the central leader
and increases the growth of internodal branches. Pruning is generally most exten-
sively practiced on firs and spruces.


29

(13) Remarks

Under this heading any explanatory or qualifying statements that are necessary
to complete the certificate should be made. They may include one or more of the

following:

e

Restrictions to a lot, load, or size.
Information supplied by the applicant such as designation, species, etc.
Cross reference to another certificate number such as in reinspections,

: appeals, etc.

Contract specifications.
Factors not affecting grade at applicant's request.
Continuation of “Other” section.


26

Holes or gaps in tree. These are a result of the branches and/or branchlets
not filling out completely (possibly because of improper shearing or pruning, a poor
year’s growth, or deformed branches) causing holes or gaps to be visible. If the
inspector can see through the tree, either to the main stem, or straight through to
the other side the defect should be considered a hole. If the inspector can see
spaces in the tree, usually near the ends of the branches, these are gaps. Gaps
can also be the result of branches on adjacent whorls being too far apart. If the
whorls are considerably far apart, or the length of the branches from one whorl to
the next is considerably longer than the other it would be a shelf or decided gap or
space.

Score as a noticeable defect a hole in the tree or space that is
considerably out of proportion with the uniform characteristics of the
balance of the tree; as a severe defect a shelf or a decided gap ora
space between the whorls of branches that is noticeable on 2 or more
faces of a tree.

Gooseneck. A gooseneck, as the name suggests, is a severe curve or crook
in more than one direction (an “S” type curve) along the main stem. This should be
scored against all grades. This normally occurs on the upper portion of the tree (see
Christmas tree terminology illustration in the U.S. standards, this shows the /ocation
in the tree where a gooseneck is likely to occur). Do not confuse it with “curvature
of the mainstem.”

Score as a severe defect any gooseneck.

Freshness. (%) All grades require the trees to be fresh. This mean the needles
are green, pliable, and firmly attached; with not more than slight shedding. Trees
with needles which are dull or discolored in appearance, brittle, or have lost their
luster and shed readily in normal handling shall not be considered fresh, and must
be scored against all grades. Trees are expected to have a sufficient amount of
fresh needles to present a pleasing appearance. Additionally, the needles are
expected to remain attached throughout the Christmas season, assuming the tree
is cared for properly. °

The definition for “fresh” includes “green,” therefore the color requirement for
all grades is green. This means that the foliage (needles) must have a natural color
characteristic of the species.

Some species, such as Douglas Fir, Scotch Pine, and Blue Spruce show
variations in color from blue-green to yellowish-green. If the color of the foliage is


(1) Inspection Procedures

Due to the nature of Christmas tree inspections, particularily those performed
on cut trees, assistance from the applicant is required. (Inspection fees for
Christmas trees are determined on an hourly basis.) This will promote accurate
grading as well as shorten the inspection time. The applicant should be informed of
this at the time the application for inspection is taken. The applicant should supply
at least one person to open and hold the trees upright while the inspector(s)
examines the tree. For trees graded “on the stump”, the applicants personnel could
hold the measuring stick so the inspector can accurately determine height. No
inspection should be attempted unless the inspector(s) is assisted by at least one
other person (applicants personnel.)

Each individual tree sampled must be completely examined. A tree shall be
considered as having four faces, each consisting of /% of the surface of the tree.
The tree must be viewed from a distance of 8 to 10 feet. This is best accomplished
by one person holding the tree, (if cut,) while another one or two people (inspectors)
walk around the tree, examining each face. itis not intended that a tree be so closely
scrutinized from each individual branch or to bend and move branches to “search
out” defects hidden by foliage. However, if the inspector can recognize a problem
from a distance of 8 to 10 feet, but is not sure what the defect is, or the severity of
a particular defect, then closer examination will be necessary.

When inspecting bailed, bundled, or tied trees (usually in the markets) be
certain that all of the wrapping material has been removed and that the tree is
opened up to resemble as closely as possible its original shape.

(2) Species

The following lists various. species of trees that are commonly grown as
Christmas trees. It also gives a brief description of the species growth charac-
teristics.

Douglas Fir has needles that are short-stalked, flat, soft, and pliable. They are
usually ¥% to 11% inches long, dark yellow-green or blue-green. The needles are
attached all the way around the twig, rather than in a feather-like arrangement as
with balsam fir. The buds are reddish-brown, narrowed at the tip and sharply pointed,
differing from the rounded blunt buds of true firs. The bark of the tree is dark or
reddish-brown. If a Douglas Fir tree has cones, its identification is easy, since the


iv

Section

Quality, Condition, and Defects (continued)
Taper 2 we ee
Density and Taper After Cutting ......
Foliage... 2.
Painted Trees 2 6 1. ee
Defects 2... ee
Uneven Density 2... 2... ee
CurvatureofMainStem 2...
InsectorInsectDamage . 2... 2 ee ee
BrokenBranches .. 2... 2. 1 eee Lee
PhysicalDamage  .. 1... 1... eee ee ee
Foreign Materialand/orVines . . 2. 1 ee ee ee ee
Multiple LeaderStems 6 ww we ee
‘  MultipleStems 2. 2... ee ee
ExtraLong Branches . 2. 11 2 ee ee ee
Abnormal Curling of Needles 2... 2... 2. ee ee ee
Weak Lower Branches. 1. 1 2 1 we ee ee
Handle Not ProportionatetoHeight ... 2... .-.2. 2.220%
Incomplete Whorlof Branches 2... 2... eee ee ee eee
HolesorGapsinTree . 2... 2... ee ee
Gooseneck .. 2... 0. ..02. 0000-5 ee ee

HealthY 2 oe

(11) DefectCodeList 2... ee ee ee tw ee ee
(12)Grade 6 we ee ee
(13) Remarks 2. 2. 2 ee ee ew ee ae we

illustration ll - Christmas Tree Showing Various Defects ......

Inspection Instructions for Wreaths and Other Greenery

(1) General 2 we ee et tw es
(2) Products Inspected .. 2... 2.2.22. ee eee ry
(3) Temperature of Product

(4) Sampling ..... .
Representative Sampling
(5) Size 2. we ee ee eee ew
(6) Quality 2. 2 we ee ee - - 32
(7) Condition 2... 0... 0002 eee ee ee ee ee

(8) Remarks 2. 2 2. 2 eee ee ee ee ee eh ee

Appendix I- U.S. Grade Standards for Christmas Trees
Appendix ll - Notesheets (Blank)
Appendix It! - Notesheet & Certificate Examples


15

Face. Face means the visible area of a tree as viewed from a distance
of 8 to 10 feet from the tree. A tree shall be considered as having four
faces, each consisting of 1% of the surface of the tree, and for this
reason the inspector must view each face of the tree in order to make
a complete inspection. In general, defects are considered to affect the
appearance of one or more faces of a tree, however, a given defect
may be scored only once.

Butt trimming. All three grades require the butt (handle) to be trimmed, except
for trees graded “on the stump.” This means that all barren branches shall have
been removed, and the trunk has been smoothly cut at approximately right angles
to the trunk. Smoothly cut at approximate right angles means the cut surface shall
not be jagged, and the angle shall not be more than 20 to 25 degrees from the
perpendicular. A barren branch is a branch with no foliage or needles remaining,
usually the lowest branches on the tree. A tree with a “poorly trimmed butt” will be
scored as a cull.

Shape. All three grades require the trees to be well shaped. This means that
the tree is not flat on one side and the. branches of the tree, whether sheared or
unsheared, are of sufficient number and length to form a conical outline tapering
from the lowest whorl of branches to the top. If a tree does not meet the definition
of well shaped it will be a cull, and reported as “not well shaped.”

Density. Density reters to the amount of foliage present on a tree (percent of
main stem covered), and can be determined starting at the bottom whorl of branches
continuing to the top of the main leader. Factors contributing to the degree of density
are: the number and size of branches within the whorls, distance between whorls,
number and arrangement of the branchlets on each branch, the extent of internodal
branching, needle arrangement, and needie length.

Species characteristics must be considered when judging density. Species
differ in their habit of growth and some species do not have internodal branches,
such as White Pine and Scotch Pine. By shearing trees, the number of branchlets
or side branches may increase. The rate of growth can be controlled so that the tree
appears to have a heavier density, depending on the extent of such growth. Some
species will show sparse growth, with few internodal or side branches. Pruning
and/or shearing can correct this by increasing internodal or lateral branching.
Unsheared trees will not normally be as dense as sheared trees of the same
. species. Also keep in mind when judging the evenness of density that trees are not
normally as dense in the top or at the tips of branches. This applies to both sheared
and unsheared trees, but particularly to unsheared trees.


5

Noble Fir is similar to the Red Fir, except that the needles are flatter, and
1% inches or less long. They have two grayish bands on the lower side and fine
grayish lines on the upper side. Sometimes the tips are slightly notched. The
needles are grooved on the upper side and set irregularly and densely along the
shoots. The young shoots are covered in rusty red hairs. Buds are resinous. Cones,
4% to 10 inches long are cylindrical, green when young, and purplish-brown at
maturity.

White Spruce has incurved, sharp-tipped needles which are blue-green,
four-angled and vary in length from 1 to 1 inch. This tree holds its needles well.
When crushed in the fingers, the needles produce a disagreeable odor. White
spruce cones are slender, 11% to 2 inches long, pale brown and shiny with cone
scales that are thin, flexible, rounded, and have a smooth margin. The tree bark is
gray or reddish-brown, thin and becomes scaly on larger trees.

Blue Spruce (also known as “Colorado Blue Spruce”) can be identified by its
distinctive green to bluish-green needies. They are four sided, rigid, prickly sharp
pointed needles, % to 2% inches in length. The needles point outward from all
around the branchlets and shoots. Cones are cylindrical, 2 to 4 inches long and
have thin, flexible scales. They are light brown in color. The bark is deeply furrowed,
and the horizontal branches form tiers. Blue Spruce is native from Colorado to New
Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. If raised from seed the foliage color varies from green
to silvery-blue. When the tree dries out the needles readily drop.

Eastern Red-Cedar can be readily recognized. It is familiar to a great number
of people because it grows throughout the eastern half of the United States. Like
its western cousins, the junipers, it has scale-like leaves and berry-like fruit. The
leaves of the Eastern Red-Cedar are only 146 inch long, dark blue-green but on the
needle like leading shoots they may be up to % inch long. The leafy twigs are

’ rounded or four-angled, and slender. The tree may bear fruit like a berry, which is
dark blue and 1% to 3% inch in diameter. The trunk is covered with reddish-brown,
thin, fibrous, shredding bark.

Norway or Red Pine has increased tremendously in popularity. Needles are
4 to 6 inches long, dark green, rather slender and flexible, flat on one side and
rounded on the other.

White Pine is also known as “Eastern White Pine.” The branches are horizon-
tal. The young shoots have some hairs and soft flexible gray-green needles, 2 to
4% inches in length. The needles are in clusters of five. The cones are spindle


21

Uneven density. Keep in mind that a tree with no defects but with medium
density will only grade U.S. No. 1. Likewise a tree with light density will only grade
U.S. No. 2. Heavy density is required for the U.S. Premium grade of trees.

Uneven density is classified as slight, moderate or severe. The density will be
considered uneven as viewed from bottom to top, or side to side on an individual
tree. Because of the possibility of side to side uneven density, the inspectors should
ensure that they communicate the degree of density to each other during the
inspection of each tree. Also remember that it is characteristic for trees to exhibit a
somewhat lighter density at the tops. This should not be scored as a defect unless
it is to such a degree as to materially affect the appearance of the tree.

For a tree to be considered as exhibiting a degree of uneven density it would
have to show more than one density. For example: Medium density on the bottom
half and heavy density on the top half; or light density on two adjacent faces with
medium density on the remaining two; or heavy density on the middle of the tree,
with medium or light on the top and bottom.

If the difference in density materially affects the appearance of the tree it would
be a minor defect. If the difference severely affects the appearance of the tree it
would be a noticeable defect, and if very severely affecting the appearance, it would
be acull.

Examples of what could be considered minor defects (slightly uneven density)
include: Heavy density on the bottom portion and the next degree of density
(medium) on the remaining portion of one or two adjacent faces; medium density
on one face, and the next degree of density (heavy or light) on the remaining faces.

Examples of what could be considered noticeable defects (moderately uneven
density) include: Medium density on the bottom portion of the tree and heavy or light
density on the remaining portion, all faces affected; medium density on two adjacent
faces, another density on the remaining faces .

Examples of what could be considered culls (severely uneven density) include:
Heavy or light density on the bottom half of the tree and the opposite degree of
density (light or heavy) on the remaining portion, two or more faces affected (not
necessarily adjacent faces); medium density affecting a quarter to a third of all faces
of the tree, heavy density affecting the next quarter or third, and light density
affecting the remaining portion.


rarer Christmas Trees
wean Market and

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Christmas trees is required to meet a specific grade:

Totaldefects ...............20. 10%
including: Off-size (height specified) . . .05%
. Off-length handle ....... 10%

Defects ............ 10%

(5) Heading on Notesheet

Detailed instructions pertaining to date, inspection point, place of inspection,
etc., which are not covered by these instructions may be found in the General
Inspection Instructions. Additional information and instructions may be given by your
supervisor.

(6) Products Inspected

The following should be considered:
¢ Species
Distinguishing Marks
State or Country of Origin, if known
Quantity Inspected

.

Species. Few inspectors are qualified to determine the species of trees,
therefore, the species (variety) should only be quoted if it is stamped on tags or
otherwise marked on the trees, or if stated by the applicant. It is satisfactory to
describe the shape, arrangement, color and length of the needles.

If a lot of trees is of a definite mixture of species, a sufficiently detailed
description should be given to justify either separating the species into separate
lots; or reporting the lot as failing to grade account of a mixture of species if the
tolerance is exceeded.

Report “Christmas Trees” in the “Product” section of both the notesheet and
certificate. The species, if quoted on the authority of someone other than the
inspector, can also be reported.


(3) Sampling

Representative Sampling. Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the
importance of the inspector obtaining representative samples. Accurate certification
is possible only if the samples examined are truly representative of the entire lot or
accessible portion. All portions of a lot or load should receive the same attention in
sampling regardless of the difficulty involved in reaching the more inaccessible
layers or parts of a load.

All percentages shall be calculated on the basis of count, using the individual
tree as the unit. Whether trees are individual (cut or “on the stump”) or in bundles,
representative samples must be selected for inspection. All trees within a bundle or
any portion of the bundle may be inspected.

No definite rules can be laid down as to the number of samples which should
be examined because of the variations in conditions that the inspector. may
encounter.

As a guide, a minimum of 25 trees for a lot of 500 (5 percent) should be
inspected. More trees should be selected and examined when necessary. The
inspector must be sure that a sufficient number of trees have been examined so
that the certificate issued will give an accurate description of the lot.

When inspecting “on the stump,” the inspector should have a clear plan as to
which trees will be chosen for inspection prior to actually viewing the trees. This will
eliminate selecting the easiest and most convenient trees to reach. For instance,
every tree in every 4th row, or every 3rd tree in every row, etc.

Refer to the General Inspection Instructions for information not covered in this
section.

(4) Tolerances and Application of Tolerances

The established tolerances apply to the lot as a whole. The inspection consists
of taking arepresentative sample of the trees in the lot and reporting the percentages
obtained. There is no “application of tolerances” as with other inspection commodi-
ties.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, grading and handling
in each of the grades the following tolerances, by count, shall apply when a lot of


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Appendix Ill - v


(2) Off-length handle. Ten percent for trees
which fail to meet the requirement for handle
length, but which meet all other requirements
for the specified grade.

(3) Defects. Ten percent for trees which fail
‘to meet the remaining requirements of the

grade.

DEFINITIONS
§ 51.3092 Fresh.

“Fresh” means the needles are green, pliable,
and firmly attached; with not more than slight
shedding.

§ 51.3093 Clean.

“Clean” means the tree is reasonably free
from foreign material.

§ 51.3094 Healthy.

“Healthy” means the needles have a fresh,
natural appearance characteristic of the species.

§ 51.3095 Well shaped.

“Well shaped” means that the tree is not flat
on one side and the branches of the tree,
whether sheared or unsheared, are of sufficient
number and length to form a conical outline
tapering from the lowest whorl of branches to

the top.

§ 51.3096 Butt trimmed.

“Butt trimmed” means that all barren
branches shall have been removed, and the
trunk has been smoothly cut at approximately
right angles to the trunk.

§ 51.3097 Density.

“Density” means the amount of foliage on the
tree. Factors contributing to degree of density
are: The number and size of branches within the
whorl, distance between the whorls, number
and arrangements of the branchlets on each
branch, the extent of internodal branching,
needle arrangement, and needle length. Species
differ in their habit of growth and some species
do not have internodal branches. Density is
judged on the basis of species characteristics.

(a) “Heavy density” means the whorls or
branches are relatively close together, the
spaces between are filled with needles and
twigs so that the following species have said
percentage of foliage so the main stem is not

4

visible and the needle content and length are
adequate to cover the branches:

PERCENTAGE OF MAIN
NAME STEM COVERED
Red Cedar .. 1.2... 90 to 100%
BalsamFir ....... 80 to 100%
Dougias Fir ....... 90 to 100%
Fraser Fir 2... 2.2... 70 to 100%
Red Fir 2... ....-. 60 to 100%
White Fir ........ 70 to 100%
Grand Fir .... 2... 80 to 100%
Noble Fir ........ 60 to 100%
RedPine......... 70 to 100%
Scotch Pine ....... 90 to 100%
Virginia Pine ...... 90 to 100%
White Pine ....... 90 to 100%
Spruce (all) ....... 80 to 100%

(b) “Medium density” means the whorls or
branches are reasonably close together, the
spaces between are filled with twigs and need-
les so that the following species have said per-
centage of foliage so the main stem is not
visible and the needle content and length are

adequate to cover the branches:
PERCENTAGE .OF MAIN
NAME STEM COVERED
Red Cedar... 2 2. 70 to 90%
Balsam Fir ....... 60 to 80%
Douglas Fir ....... 70 to 90%
Fraser Fir... 2.2... 50 to 70%
Red Fir ......... 50 to 60%
White Fir ........ 50 to 70%
Grand Fir ........ 60 to 80%
Noble Fir ........ 50 to 60%
Red Pine... 2.2... 60 to 70%
Scotch Pine ....... 70 to 90%
Virginia Pine ...... 70 to 90%
White Pine ....... 70 to 90%
Spruce (all)... 5... 60 to 80%



28

(11) Defect Code List

The following is a list of alphabetical codes of defects that can be used on the
notesheet.

AC Abnormal Curling of Needles LN Loss of Needles

BB Broken Branches MD Mechanical or Physical Damage
BLW Barren Lower Whorl ML Multiple Leaders

CN Crows Nest MS Multiple Stems

cs Curvature of Main Stem UD Uneven Density

DG Decided Gap or Shelf WB_ Weak Branches

FM Foreign Material or Vines NF Not Fresh or Healthy

GN Gooseneck MIS Not Well Shaped

H Hole PTB Poorly Trimmed Butt

ID Insects or Disease OH = Off-length Handle

Iw Incomplete Whori OS = Off-size Height

LB Long Branches

(12) Grade

Under this heading a clear statement must be made to indicate whether or not
the lot(s) meets the requirements of the grade or other specifications on which it
was inspected, or the grade marked on any attached tags. The grade statement
must be based on the facts in the preceding headings on the certificate.

Since each tree will stand on it's own merit, Christmas Trees are usually graded
giving a percentage of the various grades: U.S. Premium, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2;
and, the percentage of culls. However, a lot of trees can be graded based on a
particular grade. For example: “U.S. No. 1" or "Fails to grade U.S. Premium account
of condition.” The percentage of U.S. No. 1 quality can also be reported.

Additionally, if a handle length has been specified, this should be stated in the
grade statement.


Revised, May 1994, HU-123-2(c)
Page 9 of Grade Standards, Christmas Trees
Market and Shipping Point Inspection instructions, September
1992

9

i.
oo
by

Area where Gooseneck Vi ;
5 Was irens { j—————-_ Distance between whorls

y is one year's growth.
actual gooseneck.

nl LG

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radiating from same ID yar
level on the stem. 9 "SS Wee
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Bottom whorl ~ If

Helght of Tree

CHRISTMAS TREE TERMINOLOGY


27

characteristic for the species it will meet the requirement of “green.” Foliage that is
distinctly yellow to brown in color would not meet the requirement of “green,” and
therefore would be scoreable against all grades as not being fresh.

Since the definition of freshness of the needles includes both green and pliable,
both conditions must be met in order to satisfy the requirement of “fresh.” If needles
are green and brittle or yellow and pliable, neither case would meet the requirement
of fresh, and therefore would be scoreable against the grade.

The third condition of “fresh” is that the needles are firmly attached, with not
more than slight shedding. Although this is a part of the definition of fresh, itis a
factor that is considered by the degree of shedding, and is listed in the standard in
the Classification of Defects (Tables | and Il). However, if a tree exhibits a moderate
or severe loss of needles it probably would not meet the requirement of fresh.

In judging the degree of shedding, it must be remembered that it is normal for
all species of pine trees to shed the three year old needles, and that most of this
shedding will take place during the Christmas tree season. Therefore, the presence
of loose needles on the floor of the truck, car, or in the lot may not have much bearing
in determining the degree of shedding.

Healthy. (%%*) Healthy means that the needles have a fresh, natural appear--
ance characteristic of the species. Needles that are not considered healthy are
characterized by yellow to brown discoloration, abnormal curling and a dried out
appearance. Trees with foliage (needles) that are not healthy may have galls, dead
twigs, and missing or broken branches. They may also show an abnormal loss of
needles.

Loss of needles. (**) Needles that are dry, discolored, and/or unhealthy
(diseased, affected by insects, etc.) may drop from the tree. Some species will
always show dry, discolored needles. Also, slight shedding is natural and should
not be scored. The characteristics of the species must be considered when scoring
this defect. However, if the tree shows an unusual amount of needles dropping or
missing, or if the needles shed readily when handled this must be scored. Loss of
needles will usually be reported as a Condition defect.

Score as a minor defect slight loss of needles; as a noticeable defect
a moderate loss of needles; as a severe defect a severe loss of
needles.


cones have characteristic long 3-toothed bracts which extend conspicuously be-
yond the cone scales.

Balsam Fir is common on central and eastern Christmas tree markets. This
species has needles which are short, 11% to 1% inches in length, flat, dark green
and usually rounded at the tips. The needles are attached at opposite sides on thin
grayish, finely hairy twigs. The twigs resemble crosses, that is the tiny twigs on the
branches are at approximate right angles. The buds are rounded at the tip and are
coated with a distinct waxy patch. If the tree has cones, they are attached upright
to the branch and 2 to 3 inches long, purple in color, often resinous, with cone scales
usually hiding the bracts (the leaf-like appendages between the cone scales). The
Balsam Fir bark is gray or brown, thin, fairly smooth, and often showing many resin
blisters. The bark becomes scaly as the tree grows older.

Red Fir is native to the mountains of California and Oregon, although it thrives
in the Northeastern and North Central States. It is a conspicuously slender tree with
rusty colored, hairy young shoots and resinous buds. The needles are four-sided,
1% to 3 inches.iong, and pale bluish-green when young. They change to a dull
green when older, and both young and old have faint whitish lines on the upper side
and two pale bands on the lower side. The needles form two rows, angling upward
on the branchlets and shoots. Needles on the upper side in the middle parts of
shoots curve upward. The cones are cylindrical, six to nine inches long and tapered.
Young cones are violet-purple in color, and turn brown when mature.

White Fir or “Colorado Fir" is native from Colorado to New Mexico. The
branches of this species are short, with resinous buds. Itis a narrow, rather stiff well
foliaged tree. The young shoots are hairless. Its needles are flat, 13% to 31% inches
long with faint lines on both sides. Young needles are pale green, but turn dull green
with age. The upper surface is slightly convex. The needles form two rows that angle
upward, outward and sometimes vertical from the shoots. Cones are from three to
five inches.long, purplish-green when young, turning brown when mature.

Fraser Fir, also known as “Southern Balsam Fir” is native to the Appalachain
Mountains. It is similar to the Balsam Fir, except it has shorter needles that are
conspicuously notched at their ends.

Grand Fir has thin, flexible, deeply grooved needles. They are very dark green
on the upper side, and silvery-white on the lower side. The cones are cylindrical, 2
to 4 inches in length, rounded or blunt at the tip, with sharp prickles at the ends.


18

Light density, continued
. Percentage of Main

Name Stem Covered
Noble Fir... 2... 2 ee ee eee 40 to 50%
Red Pine... 2... ee eee 40 to 60%
Scotch Pine 2... 2... ee eee eee ee 50 to 70%
VirginiaPine 2... ee eee 50 to 70%
White Pine 22... . ee ee eee 50 to 70%
Spruce (all) 2.2... 22... 0022002 40 to 60%

For species not specifically listed in the standard “light density” will mean for:
other Cedar species ....... 50-70 percent of main stem covered
otherFirspecies ......... 40-70 percent of main stem covered
other Pine species ........ 40-70 percent of main stem covered

Density or lack of density always affects one or more faces of a tree. Itis difficult
to explain or define the characteristics of what makes a good face without including
statements of explanation which would be more appropriate in describing density.
This similarity and overlapping of definitions can be confusing. For example, uneven
density in any part of a tree will usually affect one or more faces. A decided gap and
unduly long branches will also effect density and one or more faces of a tree. A lack
of density affecting one face is quite often due to a lack of a sufficient number of
branches in a whorl. This condition leaves a hole in a face of the tree. When more
than one face is affected by lack of density it is usually due to an insufficient number
of branchlets.

When determining density: on cut trees, refer to the section on “Density and
Taper After Cutting,” page 19.

Taper. Taper refers to the relationship of the width of the tree at its lowest
branches to the height of the foliated portion of the tree. The handle of the tree must
be disregarded when judging taper. Taper should always be judged from the “best
side” or face of the tree. Also keep in mind that at least 75 percent of the branches
must touch or overlap the line of the cone. [See Illustration | on page 12 showing
the “Cone of Taper.”]

Allthree grades require trees to have a “normal taper.” This means that all trees
shall form.a cone, the base of which is from 40 to 100 percent of its height. To figure
the taper of a tree divide the width of the lowest whorl of branches by the height of
the tree (excluding the handle). For example: a tree 8 feet tall (excluding the handle)


US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE

FEDERAL-STATE INSPECTION CERTIFICATE
ance with ths epuiations of the Secretar

Act of 1946. as amended (7 U.S.C. 1621 <t seq.) and the appiie
States and State ¢:

ous Products pursuant to the Agricultural
of thy ‘Suates, ant as prams facw evidence in all courts of the
wangly shall falscly alter. Corge. or counterfest this certificate.
ms subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or impruonment for mot more than anc year, or both
inspection/grading/tampling personnel under the regulations governing such scrvices shall he accomplished without
oF national origin,

1e governing

6i- ation as ta race, color, religion.

INSPECTION POINT TRIVTXT ART NO
Fild sf REB, Chetstmes Town NC a [Clrauce [U]raanen | See Remar bs
INSPECTION BEGUN INSPECTION COMPLETED CONDITION OF CARRIER
mMOUR DATE mOUR DATE
B00 Am | 9-10-9/ A:0e pm | F-L-9/ —_
“Reis & (ME ANO ADORESS iyer"e* oO. 1VER NAME AND ADDRESS
ring le Farms

a » bende thuy, Christmas Town NC SAME

CORBER'S COUNT CONTAINER
AND TYP!
propuct OF CONTAINER ‘MARKINGS

CHRIST mAs Red. fags vally 5 tb fet | B07 V3. Nalor

TREES A000 tis in hei Twit « aver Atgher porthy

(Dong as F-\ . a affectse ee

Wy oR tet 7 US.Ne.
4000 ag (fellow tgs Ui heighPwrn vere [RH OSAe.7
5 33% 6% beat Aigner gach

—_ Wh dt-site

Load, 7h Efect |fypanmeately 807%
tres Bie ys ie hety fant aver %G. wl Oe be nec

rea craan aa ality « 7

lmger. #4 offesrre 4* 4

size GRADE

RMA Ties Insptcded “on tht stvmp". Eno let wntarns at [east 20}, U5. Jumivm
rnd. licand bee ty 7b ¥ fut frees.

1, the undersigned, a duly authorized inspector of the United States Department of Agiculture, de hereby cercify hat a the request
i of the the applicane and on the date indicated, samples of the above described products were inspected and the quality and/or condition

~ as shown by aaid samples were as herein stated.
Enpense S
Overtime

FORM FV-184-2 (3-64) (Edition of 2-62 may be used) amicinar

Appendix Ill - iii


Appendix Ill - x

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Appendix |
U.S. Standards





Appendix III
Notesheet & Certificate
Examples

f/f —__/
; (g + Pat i
t 5 Y) S It
Z SHI


24

Score as a minor defect a slight amount of foreign material or vines;
as a noticeable defect a moderate amount of foreign material or
vines; as a severe defect a heavy amount of foreign material or vines.

Multiple leader stems. \f a tree has more than one leader stem it should be
scored as “multiple leader stems.” This can occur if the trees are not sheared or
pruned properly. The leader stems radiate from a point at or above the top whorl of
branches. If multiple leader stems form a crows nest at the top it should be scored
as a noticeable defect. A crows nest is several leaders radiating from the top whorl.
A heavy density tree with multiple leaders and no other defects would grade U.S.
Premium. However, any other minor defect would cause the tree to drop a grade
because multiple leaders affect all faces.

Score as a minor defect multiple leaders (more than one leader); as
a noticeable defect a crows nest. Multiple leader stems can not be
scored as a cull.

Multiple stems. Multiple stems must not be confused with multiple leader
stems. The multiple stems will radiate from a point on the main stem below the top
whorl of branches. This usually results from improper pruning or shearing on a
previous year’s growth, or other damage to the growing point. It will usually cause
the tree to have more than one top (below top whorl) or main stem. Multiple stems
will always be scored as a cull.

Score as a severe defect multiple stems (more than one stem).

Extra long branches. As the name suggests, these are branches that are
considerably longer than the other branches on the same whorl. Do not compare
the length of branches from one whorl to another. This is not in reference to the
main leader. The main leader can be any length. Extra long branches are a result
of improper or inadequate shearing. They can only be scored as minor defects.

Score as a minor defect a branch over ten (10) inches longer than
other branches on the same whorl.

If more than one branch on the same whorl can be considered as “extra long
branches,” the inspector should re-evaluate the overall shape and taper of the tree.
It may be these two factors (shape and taper) that are defective rather than the
length of the branches.


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swe, Aybarey S1Ay ssanppy s weouddy

Appendix Ill - fi


Z Leader
NA
‘Whol - several branches eye
radiating from same q , Top Whor
level on the stem. ‘t
Distance between whorts 7 fe Ie,
is one year's growth. |
on Stem

internoda!
Branches

z Branchiets
ze
ESSE ><.
7 tL jo"

A Bottom Whort
ws

i

ly Handle (Butt)

Christmas Tree Terminology


Table II
Factor Culls
1. Density. Severely uneven density.
Main stem curved more than 6 inches.

2. Curvature of mainstem.
3. Insect or disease damage.
4. Broken branches.

5. Physical damage.

6. Foreign material and/or vines.
7. Multiple stems.

8. Extra long branches.

9. Abnormal curling of needles.
10. Weak lower branches.

11. Handle not proportionate to
height.

12. Incomplete whorl of branches.

13. Holes or gaps in tree.

14. Gooseneck.
15. Abnormal loss of needles.

Severe insect or disease damage or abnormal curling of needles.

Main stem broken below top whorl or more than three branches broken near
trunk.

Severe physical damage.

Heavy amounts of forcign material or vines.

Multiple main stems (not leaders).

N/A

Severely abnormal curling of necdles.

‘Weak lower branches affecting more than 3/4 of branches on bottom whorl.

N/A

More than 1/2 of branches missing in a given whorl or when missing branches
create a shelf.

Shelf or a decided gap or space between whorls of branches noticeable on 2
or more faces.

Any gooseneck.
Severe loss of needles.

§ 51.3106 Metric Conversion Table

Metric Conversion Table

Feet Centimeters (cm)

- + 30.48

sees e = 60,96

seen 9144
«121.92

. - 152.40

- 182.88

+ 213.36

+ 243.84

- 274.32

+ 304.80

AWhkvnd =

s

‘Oo 00

10 .

Dated: September 26, 1989
Kenneth C. Clayton,
Acting Administrator.
{FR Doc. 89-23043 Filed 9-28-89; 8:45 am]



5

(c) “Light density” means the whorls or
branches are reasonably spaced, the spaces be-
tween are only partially filled so that the fol-
lowing species have said percentage of foliage
so the main stem is not visible and the needle
content and length are adequate to cover the
branches:

PERCENTAGE OF MAIN
NAME STEM COVERED
Red Cedar ........ 50 to 70%
Balsam Fir ........ 40 to 60%
Douglas Fir ........ 50 to 70%
Fraser Fir ........ 40 to 50%
Red Fir .........-% 40 to 50%
White Fir... 2.2.2.4 AO to 50%
Grand Fir ......... 40 to 60%
Noble Fir ........ +4 40 to 50%
RedPine ......... AO to 60%
Scotch Pine... 2... -50 to 70%
Virginia Pine ...... -50 to 70%
White Pine ........ 50 to 70%
Spruce (all)... 2... 40 to 60%
§ 51.3098 Normal taper.

“Normal taper” means the relationship of the
width of the tree at its lowest branches to the
height of the tree, less the handle, judged from
its best side. All trees shall forma cone, the base
of which is from 40 to 100 percent of its height.

§ 51.3099 Face.

“Face” means the visible area of a tree as
viewed from a distance of 8 to 10 feet from the
tree. A tree shall be considered as having four
faces, each consisting of one-quarter of the
surface area of the tree.

§ 51.3100 Fairly clean.

“Fairly clean” means that the tree is
moderately free from foreign material.

§ 51.3101 Handle.

“Handle” means that the portion of the trunk
between the butt or base of the tree and the
lowest complete whorl of foliated branches.

§ 51.3102 Height.

“Height” means the distance from the base of
the handle to the top of the main leader, exclud-
ing that portion of the leader that extends more
than 4 inches above the apex of the cone of the
taper applicable to the tree.

§ 51.3103 Minor defects.

“Minor defects” are slight imperfections in
the development of the tree or defects resulting
from handling, which materially affect the ap-
pearance of the tree. While many minor defects
may be visible from more than 1 face, a given
defect shall be scored only once. (See § 51.3105
Table I).

§ 51.3104 Noticeable defects.

“Noticeable defects” are imperfections in the
development of the tree or defects resulting
from handling, which seriously affect the ap-
pearance of the tree. While many noticeable
defects may be visible from more than 1 face;
a given defect shall be scored only once. (See §
51.3105 Table I).


17

Additionally, in any size range, a minimum of 1% of the trees in a lot shall be in
the top half of that size range. For example, trees with yellow tags (over 6 to 7 feet)
must have at least ¥% of the trees in the lot from 61 to 7 feet. If less than Vs of the
trees in the lot are in the top half of the size range, the lot would fail to meet the
grade specified account of off-size.

The size (height) of trees shall be stated in foot increments on the
certificate. The actual height should be recorded in foot and half-foot incre-
ments on the notesheet. Since trees will rarely be exactly in foot or half-foot
increments, the height should be rounded to the nearest half-foot within the
foot range that it meets. For example in the “over 6 to 7 feet" range, if the exact
measured height is 6 feet or 6 feet and 1 or 2 inches, record it as 6 feet; if the
exact height is 6 feet and 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 inches, record it as 6 and one half
feet; if the exact height is 6 feet and 9, 10, 11 inches or 7 feet, record it as 7
feet.


Shipping
Point

Appendix Ill - i


Revised, May 1994, HU-123-2(e)
Appendix iit - vii, Example #1 Market Certificate, Christmas Trees Market

and Shipping Point inspection Instructions, September 1992

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Appendix {Il - vii


13

Number of Trees Per Bundle. The number and range of trees per bundle and
the range in height can be reported if the trees are bundled with some type of rope
or twine. The height and density of trees usually determines the number per bundle.

2feetorless .. . .packed 10-12 per bundle
2-4feet ........ packed 7-8 per bundle
46feet ........ packed 5-6 per bundle
6-7feet .......2. packed 4 per bundle
6-8feet ........ packed 3-4 per bundle
7-8 feet ..... . ... packed 3 per bundle
8-10feet.... 2.20. packed 2 per bundle
Over 10 feet ..... ... . packed individually

Uniformity of Size. Unitormity of size is not a requirement of the grades.
However, the trade generally desires this information for trees that are bundied.
Larger trees are generally tied individually, therefore uniformity of size is a factor
only for those bundles which contain more than one tree.

Trees that vary no more than 6 inches in length, within bundles, shall be
considered uniformly sized. Those that vary more than 6 inches but not more that
24 inches shall be considered fairly uniformly sized. Trees that vary more than 24
inches in length shall be reported as irregular in size. Uniformity of size shall be
reported using general terms unless specifically requested to show specific heights.
For example: In most bundles trees uniform, in some bundles trees fairly uniform.

Handle Jength. Unless otherwise specified, handle length may not be less than
6 inches or more than 11 inches for each foot of tree height. If handle length is met
based on this requirement or on a specified length, the handle length is proportion-
ate to the height. If the handle length is not proportionate to the height (less than 6
inches, more than 112 inches for each foot of tree height, or not meeting a specified
length) it shall be reported as “off-length handle” and scored against the 10 percent
tolerance for off-length handle. For trees graded “on the stump,” (trees uncut, still
attached to the root system), handle length is not a requirement of the grade.

Since there is no requirement for handle length for trees graded “on the stump,”
a lot of trees could grade 100 percent for the grade inspected for “on the stump,”
but once cut and delivered to the market show trees with an off-length handle, which


Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions for
Christmas Trees

These inspection instructions are specifically developed and designed by the
Fresh Products Branch to assist officially licensed inspectors in the interpretation
and application of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Christmas Trees, 7 CFR Section
51.3085.

These instructions do not establish any substantial rule not legally authorized
by the official grade standards and supersede any previously issued inspection
instructions.

Refer to the General Inspection Instructions for additional information pertain-
ing to date, inspection point, carrier, condition of carrier, lading, etc. not covered in
these instructions. (Reference to “General Inspection Instructions” in all Fresh
Products Branch publications refers to any one or all of the following - General
Shipping Point Inspection Instructions, General Market Inspection Instructions, or
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Inspection Certificate Writing Handbooks.)

‘September 1992

This publication may be duplicated without authorization of USDA.

REPRINTED DECEMBER 2007




22

The above situations are examples, and do not represent the only combinations
that could be scored as uneven density.

Score as a minor defect slight uneven density; as a noticeable defect
moderately uneven density; as a severe defect severely uneven
density.

Curvature of the main stem. The main stem (trunk) of the tree may be curved
or crooked (in one direction). This is usually found in the top portion of the main
stem, but can occur in the lower portion. If the curve is in the lower part of the foliated
portion of the tree, or the handle, it may prevent the tree from standing upright when
placed in a stand. Curvature of the main stem should be judged from the face with
the most obvious curve. Do not confuse it with a “gooseneck,” see page 26.

Score as a minor defect a slight visible crook in the main stem (4
inches or less from vertical); as a noticeable defect if the main stem
is visibly curved more than 4 inches, but less than 6 inches from
vertical; as a severe defect if the main stem is curved more than 6
inches from vertical.

Insect or disease damage. (%**) Insect and disease damage can appear in
several forms. Dry, and/or discolored branches, branchlets, twigs, or needles can
be an indication of disease infection or insect feeding. Occasionally live and/or dead
insects or insect feeding may be found, including insect infestation. This can be
found on the needles, the twigs, branchlets, branches and on the main stem. It can
also be found in the form of curling of the needles. Use the general rule for reporting
insects as quality or condition factors.

Score as a minor detect slight insect or disease damage; as a
noticeable defect moderate insect or disease damage; as a severe
defect severe insect or disease damage.

Broken branches. (**) These can be either Quality or Condition defects. They
are usually caused by rough handling either in the field, or in transit. Broken
branches will be considered quality if the break is old, dried out, or covered over
with old sap from the tree. They will be considered fresh if the break is fresh, with
the broken portion still somewhat pliable and “green.” Fresh sap may also be
present.






30

Illustration 1
Christmas Tree Showing Various Defects


(c) Normal taper;

(d) Fresh;

(e) Fairly clean;

(f) Healthy;

(g) Well shaped;

(h) Not less than medium density;

(i) Handle length, unless otherwise specified,
shall be not less than 6 inches, or more than
14 inches for each foot of tree length. For trees
graded “on the stump”, handle length will not be
a requirement of the grade.

(j) Three faces with not more than 2 minor
defects. Remaining face may not have more
than 1 noticeable defect;

(k) For size see § 51.3090;
()) For tolerances see § 51.3091.

§ 51.3088 U.S. No. 2.

“U.S. No. 2" consists of trees which meet the
following requirements:

(a) Characteristics typical of the species;

(b) Butt trimmed; except for trees graded “on
the stump”;

(c) Normal taper,

(d) Fresh;

(e) Fairly clean;

(f) Healthy;

(g) Well shaped;

(h) Not less than light density;

(i) Handle length, unless otherwise specified,
shall be not less than 6 inches or more than
1V inches for each foot of tree length. For trees
graded “on the stump”, handle length will not
be a requirement of the grade;

() Two adjacent faces with not more than 3
minor defects. Remaining faces may not have
more than 2 noticeable defects;

(k) For size see § 51.3090;
(1) For tolerances see § 51.3091.

CULLS
§ 51.3089 Culls.
“Culls” consist of individual trees which fail

to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 2
grade. (See § 51.3105 Table II).

SIZE
§ 51.3090 Size.
(a) Height of trees shall be stated in foot
increments and unless otherwise specified, the

following color codes will be used to designate
the respective sizes:

COLOR TREE HEIGHT (Feet)
Lime... 2... 3 feet or less
Orange .... | Over 3 to 4
Blue ......4 Over 4 to 5
Red ......4 Over 5 10 6
Yellow .... . Over 6 to7
Green ..... 4 Over 7 to 8
White ......4 Over 8 to9
Pink ......4 Over 9 feet

(b) In determining which designations apply, _
the measurement for the height is the distance
from the base of the handle to the top of the
main leader, excluding that portion of the leader
that extends more than 4 inches above the apex
of the cone of the taper applicable to the tree.

(c) In any size range, a minimum of ¥4 of the
trees in a lot shall be in the top half of that size
range.

TOLERANCES
§ 51.3091 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to
proper sizing, grading and handling in each of
the foregoing grades the following tolerances,
by count, shall apply when a lot of Christmas
trees is required to meet a specific grade.

(a) For total defects, 10 percent for Christmas
trees in any lot which fail to meet the require-
ments for the grade: Provided, That included in
this amount not more than the following per-
centages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(1) Off-size. Five percent for trees which fail
to meet the height specified.


25

Abnormal curling of needles. (*%*) This can be caused by several factors,
including: insects, diseases, high temperatures, or excessively dry conditions.
Slight, moderate and severe amounts of abnormal curling pertains to the quantity
of needles curling on a tree as well as to the degree of curling of the needles.

Score as a minor defect slightly abnormal curling of the needles; as
a noticeable defect moderately abnormal curling of the needles; as
a severe defect severely abnormal curling of the needles.

Weak lower branches. (*) This pertains to the foliated branches on the bottom
whorl of the tree. Ideally, the lower whorl of branches will be as strong and upright
as the other whorls on the tree. If the branches are limp, wilted, or dragging they
would be considered weak. Weak lower branches will not be considered as minor
defects, they will always be scored as at least a noticeable defect. If the lower
branches are barren, they should be scored against the requirement for “butt
trimming” in all grades.

Score as a noticeable defect weak lower branches affecting up to
¥% of the branches on the bottom whorl; as a severe defect weak lower
branches affecting more than % of the branches on the bottom whorl.

Handle not proportionate to height. lf the handle length and height of the
tree do not correspond with those found on page 14, the handle will not be
proportionate to the height. This will only be a factor for trees that are inspected
after being cut. It will always be scored as a noticeable defect.

Score as a noticeable defect the handle length not proportionate to
the height of the tree (unless otherwise specified, not less than 6
inches, and not more than 112 inches per foot of height).

Incomplete whorl of branches. The main stem should have branches all the
way around it on each whorl. An incomplete whorl can result from poor bud set
during a particular year’s growth, or because of improper pruning. In the case of
poor bud set, branches never formed on the main stem. If improperly pruned, the
branches in the whorl were pruned away. It should not be confused with holes or

~ gaps in the tree.

Score as a minor defect less than % of the branches missing in a
whorl; as a noticeable defect % but less than V2 of the branches
missing in a whorl; as a severe defect more than 12 of the branches
missing in a whorl, or when the missing branches create a shelf.


teen

Revised, May 1994, HU-123-2(a), .
Page 9, Christmas Trees Market and Shipping Point
Inspection Instructions, September 1992

Distinguishing Marks. Some states require trees to be tagged as to the
shipper's name and address. These tags may also mention species, shipper's brand or
other information. The trees may also have a letter or number marked on the butt, a
color tag attached, or a color may be painted around the butt of the tree. This
information should be quoted on the notesheet and certificate.

State or Country of Origin. The inspector should not make a positive
statement on his/her own authority, but when shown on tags, or otherwise marked on
the trees, or stated by the applicant, it should be quoted.

Quantity Inspected. The number of trees, whether individual, in bundles, or on
the stump should be reported in the “number of containers” block on the notesheet
and certificate as total number of trees. For example: 600 trees. The quantity should
always be shown in individual trees.

(7) Kind of Carrier and Condition of Load

Christmas trees can be shipped in several types of carriers, including rail cars,
refrigerated, open, closed, or flat bed trucks and trailers. Since Christmas trees are not
shipped in containers some points need to be addressed. These include: arrangement
of the load (upright, stacked, reversed), disarrangement (bundles broken open), and
how the trees and bundles are tied in the load (securely or loosely tied) or not tied

(loose). Securely tied means that a sufficient number of ties have been made to ~

include all loose branches, and the bundles are firmly tied with suitable twine. It should
be noted if branches are protruding or bundles are loosely tied.

Refer to the General Inspection instructions for general information concerning
condition of load.

(8) Temperature of Product

inspectors do not have the equipment necessary to take “pulp” temperatures
on Christmas trees. Therefore, in general, temperatures shall not be taken for lots of
Christmas trees. However, occasionally temperatures are significant. At the specific
request of the applicant, or if the inspector suspects temperatures to be a factor (due
to such defects as discolored needles and/or excessive shedding) air temperatures
within bundles or between branches can be reported at destination. It must be noted
on the notesheet and certificate that the temperatures are AIR temperatures, not
pulp temperatures. Temperatures shall not be taken for trees inspected “on the
stump."

anne


EXAMPLE #7

c D

Joos

rE
Leese in bins

ney He §-7' with 992
14" diameter 63 ener,
= le 54/3 Defects / Fages w
Ne S/S e g3| 22 Dete.
ms a mdls"l5"| |B] [1 2 0 « |S
— oe ts [, Wise} — 4 Dry kAislelerded |NE |LN | —
WREAIrHS eivi¢ = ok
er [3 | T) < OK
Hort res] hearth #T-l\ = OK! .
needles te eteell 71 [5 | -[ ] fa ok
Sanches fdenty ¢i-{ | [Dey bdis4 AF |
etek ode. | 70 [7 | id Dery lps NEI EN
TZN 7 OK
ca a Gr) [many] AE LN moderbte
— _| Yalow f L 4 Z awa =| =r de 4
IREES lribben 2 16%) [aca A ded
f \_ [3 Te4ly Y|v7 Ni- [nm [- Tre l
\ Vl¢ [7 [4 PA ” Mu P
a Tis [esls viv” en Se Pe
| Tf te Te is 7 N # I
JT Tr Teale —[AT— | |
[ \_ Te Totty ai N [—[A [= [esto |)
{ Cia [ests —t [A l—[e P
\ ) to l7 14 v[v AM ards | |
a ras —Int=- Im tie’ |
Nor [ir 17 [F v [7 am 7 a
taken 113 16417 vty M Mb,
( | leas Y nn AL LB
LE \ Tes] e4 [7 $ Coe ae
fT \ tay 7 Tio ALIN | — [eo
(AWC AALi viv a misc I
Ci tri? i¢ aK —|N{—t |e !
9 [o%1¢ v m mods [TT
TiaolT 7 < A foes !
Lietz lz AK Nit |
\ya2t7 77 Z Mm [es p
MEATS 7 —[N [— [Tr l
1 | a¢(¢ [7 7 ia id
ASL g% i vat} fc —
7) a
‘REMARKS / RESTRICTIONS / SPI
CARLOT Bauis : ‘INSPECTED BY:
HOURLY Basie: Cf deur? AR.
ae Ta: aaa
NSES : ah
Luntotat: ie? 30m Ef Firat

Appendix Ill - ix


Appendix II
Notesheets (Blank)



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Appendix Ill - i


Revised, May 1994, HU-123-2(b)
Page 12, Christmas Trees Market and Shipping Point
Inspection Instructions, September 1992

xre-Orre Ou FoeMW

i

. TS o
«3 = 2
s3 “XN RR =

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