# Patent

## Title
Method and apparatus for transmitting control signaling for MIMO transmission

## Abstract

A method and apparatus for processing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives downlink control information including WTRU-specific MIMO and transport format information and MIMO information for all other WTRUs assigned to the same resource. The WTRU processes received MIMO data based on the downlink control information. The downlink control information may also include transport format information for all other WTRUs assigned to the same RB. The downlink control information may be transmitted via WTRU-specific control signaling. All WTRUs' MIMO and/or transport format information may be transmitted via resource-specific common control signaling. The downlink control signaling format may include at least one of a number of streams for the WTRU, a number of active WTRUs assigned to the same resource, a spatial channel identity for the WTRU, a MIMO mode, a precoding matrix index and a precoding vector index.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation application of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/031,871, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Nos. 60/890,201 filed Feb. 16, 2007 and 60/890,311 filed Feb. 16, 2007, each of which being incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.


FIELD OF INVENTION
This application is related to wireless communications.
BACKGROUND
The third generation partnership project (3GPP) and 3GPP2 are currently considering long term evolution (LTE) of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access (UTRA). Currently, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) are being considered for uplink and downlink air interface for the evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
In SC-FDMA and OFDMA, a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers are divided into a plurality of subcarrier blocks, (also known as “resource blocks” (RBs)). An RB is a basic scheduling unit for uplink transmissions in an SC-FDMA system. Depending on a data rate or a buffer status, at least one RB or resource block group (RBG) is assigned for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for uplink and downlink transmission.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) refers to the type of wireless transmission and reception scheme where both a transmitter and a receiver employ more than one antenna. A MIMO system takes advantage of the spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increases throughput. Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) is the scheme that more than one user data is allocated to the antennas or spatial streams, while single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) is the scheme that only one user data is transmitted via multiple antennas or spatial streams.
Downlink scheduling grant control signaling is essential to a MIMO system for both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO because efficient downlink scheduling grant control signaling may improve MIMO link performance, system capacity and spectrum efficiency.
SUMMARY
A method and apparatus for processing MIMO transmission are disclosed. A WTRU receives downlink control information including WTRU-specific MIMO information and transport format information for the WTRU, and MIMO information common for all WTRUs assigned to the same RB, RBG or sub-band, or the same time/frequency resource(s). The WTRU processes received MIMO data based on the downlink control information. A separate control channel (distinct from WTRU-specific control signaling) is used to communicate control information that is common to a group of WTRUs. For example, if a group of WTRUs share the same resource, (e.g., same RB, RBG, sub-band, etc.), they can be grouped together so that they may receive the control information that is common to the group of WTRUs by accessing the WTRU group common control channel. By using the WTRU group common control channel, (namely RB-specific, RBG-specific, or sub-band-specific common control channel), for a group of WTRUs, common control information only needs to be transmitted once in the air.
The downlink control information may also include transport format information for all other WTRUs assigned to the same resource(s). The downlink control information may be transmitted via individual control signaling.
The downlink control signaling format may include at least one of a number of streams for a WTRU, a number of active WTRUs assigned to the same resource(s) (RB, RBG or sub-band), a spatial channel identity for the WTRU, a MIMO mode, information for precoding and/or beamforming, such as a precoding matrix index and/or a precoding vector index. For efficient signaling RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control information includes information that may be common for all WTRUs assigned to the same time/frequency resource(s) such as precoding or beamforming matrices, precoding or beamforming vectors, the number of active WTRUs assigned to the same RB, RBG or sub-band. This information can be used for performing joint data detection and interference cancellation. Other information that may be common to WTRUs assigned to the same RB, RBG or subband can also be carried in the RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel.
To perform post decoding successive interference cancellation (SIC), additional information from other WTRUs, (such as transport format, modulation and coding scheme, some HAQR parameters, such as redundancy version from other WTRUs), is needed for a given WTRU. This information for all desired and other WTRUs may be transmitted via RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel to enable performing post decoding SIC or other advanced receivers.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication system including WTRUs and a radio access network (RAN);
FIG. 2 shows an example resource-specific common control signaling; and
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a process for decoding control signaling.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
When referred to hereafter, the terminology “WTRU” includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the terminology “Node-B” includes but is not limited to a base station, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
Embodiments disclosed herein are applicable to both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be applied to a spatial multiplexing (SM), spatial division multiple access (SDMA) system, or the like.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 100 including WTRUs 110 and an RAN 120. The RAN 120, (e.g., Node-B), sends downlink control signaling to the WTRUs 110 for MIMO transmission and reception. The MIMO may be SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO. The WTRU 110 includes a transceiver 112 and a MIMO decoder 114. The transceiver 112 receives the downlink control signaling and the MIMO decoder 114 processes received MIMO data based on the downlink control signaling. The RAN 120, (e.g., Node-B), may include a controller 122 for generating the downlink control information and a transmitter 124 for transmitting the downlink control information and MIMO data to WTRUs, which will be explained in detail below.
Scheduling grant information (uplink and/or downlink) for WTRUs 110 may be transmitted from the RAN 120 to each of the WTRUs 110 via a WTRU-specific control channel (or signaling). Each WTRU 110 receives the scheduling grant information via the WTRU-specific control channel intended or assigned for each WTRU 110. Downlink scheduling grant information includes, but is not limited to, downlink RB assignment information, a WTRU ID, a transport format, (e.g., payload size, modulation, etc.), hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, and MIMO information for a particular WTRU. The downlink scheduling grant information may also include MIMO information (such as PVI or PMI for joint receiver processing) and transport format information (optional) for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource, (RB, RBG, sub-band, etc.).
Other WTRUs' MIMO information is used to jointly detect and decode data in MU-MIMO. Other WTRUs' transport format information is used to enable advanced receivers at the WTRU 110, (such as MMSE-successive interference cancellation (SIC) or other type interference cancellation scheme).
Transmitting other WTRUs' MIMO and/or transport format information to each of the WTRUs 110 via a WTRU-specific channel will need significant amount of signaling overhead because the same information is sent to each WTRU, which results in duplicated redundant signaling and increased signaling overhead in the system.
Therefore, common scheduling grant information among WTRUs assigned to the same resource, (RB, RBG, sub-band, etc.), is pulled together and sent via a “common” channel. All WTRUs assigned to the same resource access the common channel and receive the common information. This would be an efficient way to reduce the signaling overhead and increase efficiency of resource utilization.
A resource-specific common control channel, (RB-specific, RBG-specific, sub-band-specific, etc.), is provided to carry the common control information, (i.e., the information that is needed in all WTRUs assigned to the same resource). Instead of transmitting the resource-specific (RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific) common control information to each and every WTRU separately, the resource-specific common control information is transmitted once via the resource-specific common control channel.
The resource-specific common control information includes all WTRUs' MIMO information, (e.g., PVI or PMI) and optionally all WTRUs' transport format information, (e.g., modulation, coding rate, etc.). The PVI or PMI may be used for joint receiver processing, such as joint MMSE in MU-MIMO. The WTRUs' transport format information may be used for advanced receiver processing, (such as MMSE-SIC or other type of IC or advanced receiver scheme).
FIG. 2 shows an example structure for resource-specific (RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific) common control signaling. In FIG. 2, each resource grid comprises one subcarrier in frequency domain in one OFDM symbol time duration. A resource grid is also referred to resource element (RE). An OFDM symbol comprises a plurality of sub-carriers in frequency domain. One RB comprises a plurality of sub-carriers and OFDM symbols. For example, one RB may comprise 12 sub-carriers and 7 OFDM symbols. An RBG or sub-band may comprise one or several RBs. FIG. 2 shows that the first two OFDM symbols are used for control channel and five OFDM symbols are used for data channel in time domain. At least one of RB, RBG or sub-band is assigned to a WTRU 110. The RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control information is transmitted via a predetermined resource(s) in each RB, RBG or sub-band of resources as shown in FIG. 2. In the first two OFDM symbols certain number of REs is used for RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel and the remaining REs in the first two OFDM symbols are used for WTRU-specific control channel.
The RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control signaling is implemented with frequency division multiplexing (FDM) as the example shown in FIG. 2. However, it should be noted that the RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control signaling may be implemented with time division multiplexing (TDM) or code division multiplexing (CDM), any combination of FDM, TDM or CDM, or any other type of multiplexing scheme. Any kind of layout or pattern for an RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel is applicable.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a process 300 for decoding the control signaling. A WTRU 110 reads a WTRU-specific control channel and decodes its own control signal (step 302). This may be done by blindly detecting and decoding a number of WTRU-specific control channels and identifying the control channel that is assigned to the WTRU. After successfully decoding the WTRU-specific control signal, the WTRU 110 knows the location of the resource(s) (RB(s), RBG(s), or sub-band(s)) that are assigned to the WTRU 110 (step 304). The WTRU 110 then locates the resource-specific (RB-specific, RBG-specific, or sub-band-specific) common control channel and decodes the resource-specific (RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific) common control information carried by the resource-specific common control channel (step 306). The WTRU 110 uses the decoded control information, (the control information received via the WTRU-specific control signaling and the resource-specific common control information received via the resource-specific common control signaling), to decode MIMO data (step 308).
A downlink scheduling grant control signaling format is disclosed hereinafter. The downlink scheduling grant control signaling includes, one or combination of, the number of streams (or layers) (in case of SU-MIMO), the number of WTRUs (in case of MU-MIMO), a precoding matrix index (PMI) or a precoding vector index (PVI), a spatial channel identity (ID), a MIMO mode, or the like. The number of streams (or layers) indicates the number of streams (or layers) for the WTRU in an SU-MIMO mode. In an MU-MIMO mode, the number of WTRUs indicates the number of active WTRUs simultaneously assigned to the same resource (RB, RBG, or sub-band depending on how the resources are allocated and assigned).
The PMI or PVI indicates the PMI or PVI that is used by a Node-B. The spatial channel ID indicates the spatial channel ID of a particular WTRU in case of an MU-MIMO. The spatial channel ID indicates the column number of the precoding matrix that is indicated by the PMI, or the PVI that is assigned to the particular WTRU. The WTRU may use this information to identify and decode its own data after joint detection of all data. The MIMO mode indicates the MIMO mode used, such as closed-loop MIMO, open-loop MIMO (or transmit diversity), SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO, etc.
Table 1 shows an example of downlink scheduling grant control signaling format in accordance with this embodiment.









TABLE 1





Control signaling
Example number



information
of bits
Notes







Downlink RB
NRB/2
Bit mapping with paring of two


assignment information

neighboring RBs is assumed


WTRU ID
16
= CRC


Number of
2
1, 2, 3, or 4 streams/layers/WTRUs


streams/layers/WTRUs

(If it is SU-MIMO, this parameter




indicates number of layers or streams for the WTRU.




If it is MU-MIMO, this parameter




indicates number of active WTRUs per




RB or RBG)


Precoding matrix/vector
[3] for 2 antennas;
This parameter indicates the PMI/PVI


information
[3-6] for 4
used by Node-B.


(PMI/PVI)
antennas



Spatial channel ID
[1] for 2 antennas;
This parameter indicates spatial channel



[2] for 4 antennas
ID of the own WTRU in MU-MIMO.


MIMO mode
[1-2]
Indicates MIMO mode, such as close-loop




MIMO, open-loop MIMO (including TX




diversity), SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO, etc.


Transport format
8 × Ncodeword
2 bits for modulation, 6 bits for payload


information

size per codeword control. Ncodeword is




the number of codewords.


HARQ-related
5 × Ncodeword
3 bits for process number (eight HARQ


information

processing), 2 bits for redundancy




version and new data indicator per




codeword control. Ncodeword is the




number of codewords.









If the MIMO mode is semi-static or has a longer update rate, the MIMO mode parameter may be removed from the downlink control signaling and may be included in the another slow or semi-static downlink control signaling.
In accordance with another embodiment, the downlink scheduling grant control signaling includes, one or combination of, the number of streams (or layers) (in the case of SU-MIMO), the number of WTRUs (in the case of MU-MIMO), a spatial channel ID, a MIMO mode, or the like. The downlink scheduling grant control signaling in accordance with this embodiment is suited when a dedicated reference signal (RS) with a precoded pilot is used. The WTRU uses both a common pilot signal and a dedicated pilot signal to determine the transmit weights or precoding matrix or vector(s) that the Node-B uses. In this case PMI or PVI can be carried implicitly in dedicated reference channel. Resource-specific (RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific) common control channel may be used to carry remaining control information that is common to all WTRUs assigned to the same resource, (i.e., RB, RBG, sub-band, or the like) for reducing control signaling overhead
The number of streams (or layers) indicates the number of streams (or layers) for the WTRU if it is in an SU-MIMO mode. In the case of MU-MIMO, the number of WTRUs indicates the number of active WTRUs simultaneously assigned to the same resource (the same RB, RBG, sub-band, or the like depending on how the resources are allocated and assigned).
The spatial channel ID indicates the spatial channel ID for a particular WTRU if it is in an MU-MIMO mode. When a dedicated RS with a precoded pilot is used, the spatial channel ID indicates which dedicated RS is assigned for the WTRU, (i.e., spatial channel ID to dedicate RS mapping is preconfigured). The WTRU estimates the channel using the dedicated RS identified by the spatial channel ID and uses the channel estimate to identify and decode the data of its own after joint detection of data, (e.g., using joint minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection).
If an RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel is used, the spatial channel ID may also indicate which segment or part of RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel is assigned for the particular WTRU and/or which column vector in precoding matrix used by the Node-B is assigned for the WTRU. For example, for four WTRUs and four segments for RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel, 2 bits may be used to identify the segment which carries a particular WTRU's information. The WTRU may use this information to decode its own data after joint detection of data.
The MIMO mode indicates the MIMO mode used by the Node-B, such as close-loop MIMO, open-loop MIMO (or transmit diversity), SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO, etc.
Table 2 shows an example of downlink scheduling grant control signaling. The signaling format in Table 2 also supports MU-MIMO in which one or multiple PMIs or PVIs of WTRUs are either sent via RB-specific, RBG-specific or sub-band-specific common control channel, or are embedded and carried in a dedicated reference signal (RS) using a precoded or beamformed pilot. A dedicated RS or WTRU-specific RS is another way to communicate the information of antenna weights, precoding matrices, beamforming vectors to WTRUs without explicit signaling via control channel.









TABLE 2






Example



Control signaling
number of



information
bits
Notes

















Downlink RB assignment
NRB/2
Bit mapping with paring of two


information

neighboring RBs is assumed


WTRU ID
16
= CRC


Number of
2
1, 2, 3, or 4 streams/layers/WTRUs


streams/layers/WTRUs

(If it is SU-MIMO, this parameter




indicates number of layers for the




WTRU.




If it is MU-MIMO, this parameter




indicates number of active WTRUs per




RB)


Spatial channel ID
[1] for 2 antennas;
This parameter indicates the spatial



[2] for 4 antennas
channel ID of the own WTRU in MU-




MIMO.


MIMO mode
[1-2]
Indicates MIMO mode, such as closed-




loop MIMO, open-loop MIMO (including




tx diversity), SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO,




etc.


Transport format
8 × Ncodeword
2 bits for modulation, 6 bits for payload


information

size per codeword control. Ncodeword is




the number of codewords.


HARQ-related information
5 × Ncodeword
3 bits for process number (eight HARQ




processing), 2 bits for redundancy




version and new data indicator per




codeword control. Ncodeword is the




number of codewords.









If the MIMO mode is semi-static or has a longer update rate than downlink scheduling grant, the MIMO mode parameter may be removed from the downlink scheduling grant control signaling and may be included in another slow or semi-static downlink control signaling.
It should be noted that the number of bits in Tables 1 and 2 are provided as example, and any other numbers may be employed considering the trade-offs between link and system performance and signaling overhead.
Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements or in various combinations with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor. Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).
Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state machine.
A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a keyboard, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) module.

## Claims

1. A method for processing multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission associated with one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) of a plurality of WTRUs that are assignable to a same resource, the method comprising:
receiving, by the one WTRU, downlink control information and MIMO data specific to the one WTRU, the downlink control information including a first indicator indicating information specific to the one WTRU and a second indicator indicating information common to the plurality of WTRUs assignable to the same resource; and
processing, by the one WTRU, the MIMO data specific to the one WTRU based on the downlink control information,
wherein the downlink control information indicates a number of layers associated with the MIMO data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the information specific to the one WTRU is MIMO information; and
the information common to the plurality of WTRUs assignable to the same resource is MIMO information.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the downlink control information includes transport format information for the one WTRU.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the downlink control information further includes transport format information for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource.

5. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for processing multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission associated with a plurality of WTRUs including the WTRU that are assignable to a same resource, the WTRU comprising:
a receiver for receiving downlink control information and MIMO data specific to the one WTRU, the downlink control information including a first indicator indicating information specific to the WTRU, and a second indicator indicating information common to the plurality of WTRUs assignable to the same resource; and
a processor for processing the MIMO data specific to the WTRU based on the downlink control information,
wherein the processor decodes the downlink control information indicating a number of layers associated with the MIMO data.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein:
the processor includes a MIMO decoder;
the information specific to the WTRU is MIMO information; and
the information common to the plurality of WTRUs assignable to the same resource is MIMO information.

7. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein the processor decodes the downlink control information that includes transport format information for the WTRU.

8. The WTRU of claim 7, wherein the downlink control information further includes transport format information for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource.

9. A method for processing multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission associated with one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) of a plurality of WTRUs that are assignable to a same resource, the method comprising:
receiving downlink control information and MIMO data specific to the one WTRU, the downlink control information including an indicator that indicates information for processing the MIMO data specific to the one WTRU, exclusive of MIMO data of any other WTRU assignable to the same resource; and
processing the MIMO data specific to the one WTRU based on the downlink control information,
wherein the downlink control information indicates a number of layers associated with the MIMO data.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the information for processing the MIMO data specific to the WTRU is MIMO information.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the downlink control information includes transport format information for the one WTRU.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the downlink control information further includes transport format information for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource.

13. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for processing multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission associated with a plurality of WTRUs including the WTRU that are assignable to a same resource, the WTRU comprising:
a receiver for receiving downlink control information and MIMO data specific to the WTRU, the downlink control information including an indicator that indicates information for processing the MIMO data specific to the WTRU, exclusive of MIMO data of any other WTRU assignable to the same resource; and
a processor for processing the MIMO data specific to the WTRU based on the downlink control information,
wherein the processor decodes the downlink control information indicating a number of layers associated with the MIMO data.

14. The WTRU of claim 13, wherein:
the processor includes a MIMO decoder; and
the information for processing the MIMO data is MIMO information.

15. The WTRU of claim 13 wherein the processor decodes the downlink control information that includes transport format information for the WTRU.

16. The WTRU of claim 15 wherein the downlink control information further includes transport format information for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource.

17. An access point (AP) for supporting multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission, the AP comprising:
a controller configured to generate downlink control information and MIMO data specific to a first WTRU, the downlink control information including a first indicator indicating information specific to the first WTRU and a second indicator indicating information common to a plurality of WTRUs including the first WTRU that are assignable to the same resource; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the downlink control information and the MIMO data specific to the first WTRU,
wherein the downlink control information indicates a number of layers associated with the MIMO data.

18. The AP of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to encode the MIMO data.

19. The AP of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to encode the downlink control information that includes transport format information for the WTRU.

20. The AP of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to encode transport format information for other WTRUs assigned to the same resource.