Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring 

Report-Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Latitude: 21°22’15”N 

Longitude: 157°53’33”W 

DOH Facility ID No. 9-102271 

DOH Release ID No. 99051, 010011, 020028 

June 2011 

Department of the Navy 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Hawai‘i 

400 Marshall Road 

Pearl Harbor, HI 96860-3139 

Environmental Technical Services 

Contract Number N62742-08-D-1930, Contract Task Order HC14 
 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring 

Report-Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Latitude: 21°22’15”N 

Longitude: 157°53’33”W 

DOH Facility ID No. 9-102271 

DOH Release ID No. 99051, 010011, 020028 

June 2011 

Prepared for: 

Department of the Navy 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Hawai‘i 

400 Marshall Road 

Pearl Harbor, HI 96860-3139 

Prepared by: 

Environet, Inc. 

650 Iwilei Road, Suite 204 

Honolulu, HI 96817-5318

Prepared under: 

Environmental Technical Services 

Contract Number N62742-08-D-1930, Contract Task Order HC14 
 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Table of Contents

June 2011

i 

Table of Contents 

List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... iii

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ v

Section 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Project Objective .............................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2.1 Site Description ....................................................................................................... 1-2

1.2.2 Facility Information ................................................................................................ 1-2

1.2.3 UST Information ..................................................................................................... 1-5

1.2.4 Regulatory Updates ................................................................................................. 1-5

1.3 Previous Reports .............................................................................................................. 1-6

Section 2 Monitoring Activities .................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Groundwater Gauging ...................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Groundwater Sampling .................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Monitoring Well Purging ........................................................................................ 2-1

2.2.2 Groundwater Sample Collection ............................................................................. 2-1

2.2.3 Sample Management and Shipment ........................................................................ 2-1

2.3 Analytical Program .......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.4 Field Quality Control Samples......................................................................................... 2-2

2.5 Laboratory Quality Control Samples ............................................................................... 2-2

2.6 Equipment Decontamination ........................................................................................... 2-2

2.7 Investigation-Derived Waste Management ...................................................................... 2-3

Section 3 Groundwater Analytical Results ................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Summary of Groundwater Analytical Results ................................................................. 3-1

3.1.1 Data Quality Control Results .................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Groundwater Contaminant Trend .................................................................................... 3-1

Section 4 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations ....................................................... 4-1

4.1 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 4-2

Section 5 References ................................................................................................................... 5-1

Tables 

Table 1-1: Outside Monitoring Well Information ...................................................................... 1-5

Table 3-1: Analytical Results for Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring-Outside (Non-Tunnel) 

Wells, April 2011 ..................................................................................................... 3-3

Table 3-2: Field QC Results-Outside Wells, April 2011 ............................................................ 3-5

Table 3-3: Historical and Current Groundwater Sample Analytical Results, August 2009 

through April 2011 ................................................................................................... 3-7
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Table of Contents

June 2011

ii 

Figures 

Figure 1-1: Groundwater Monitoring Well Location Map ......................................................... 1-3

Appendices 

Appendix A: Field Notebook 

Appendix B: Groundwater Sampling Logs 

Appendix C: Laboratory Analytical Results 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

List of Acronyms

June 2011

iii 

List of Acronyms 

< less than 

μg/L micrograms per liter 

% percent 

amsl above mean sea level 

bTOC below top of casing 

COPC chemical of potential concern 

DL detection limit or method detection limit (MDL) 

DLNR Department of Land and Natural Resources 

DOH State of Hawai‘i Department of Health 

DON Department of the Navy 

DRO diesel range organics 

dup duplicate 

EAL Environmental Action Level 

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

F-76 marine diesel fuel 

FISC Fleet and Industrial Supply Center 

GRO gasoline range organics 

HAR Hawai‘i Administrative Rules 

IDW investigation-derived waste 

J Estimated result. Indicates that the compound was identified but the 

concentration was above the DL and below the LOQ 

JP Jet Propellant 

LOD limit of detection 

LOQ limit of quantitation or reporting limit (RL) 

MS matrix spike 

MSD matrix spike duplicate 

NA not available 

NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command 

ND not detected 

PAHs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

pH hydrogen activity 

PHWS Pearl Harbor Water System 

PPE personal protective equipment 

Q data qualifier 

QC quality control 

RHSF Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility 

RPD relative percent difference 

TEC The Environmental Company, Inc. 

TOC top of casing 

TPH total petroleum hydrocarbons 

U Indicates the compound or analyte was analyzed for but not detected. 

The result is reported as ND. 

U.S. United States 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

UST underground storage tank 

VOC volatile organic compound 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

List of Acronyms

June 2011

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Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Executive Summary

June 2011

v 

Executive Summary 

There are 18 active and two inactive, 12.5 million gallon capacity, field-constructed underground 

storage tanks (USTs) located at the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility (RHSF). Previous 

environmental site investigations indicated a release had occurred and contaminated the 

groundwater underlying the RHSF. 

The United States (U.S.) Navy implemented a groundwater monitoring program, which includes 

collecting quarterly groundwater samples from U.S. Navy Well 2254-01 (RHMW2254-01) and 

four groundwater monitoring wells (RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW03, and RHMW05) installed 

in the RHSF lower access tunnel. The U.S. Navy Well 2254-01 is located approximately 3,000 

feet downgradient from the RHSF and provides approximately 24 percent of the potable water to 

the Pearl Harbor Water System (PHWS). The groundwater samples are analyzed for petroleum 

constituents and compared against State of Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH) Drinking 

Water Environmental Action Levels (EALs) (DOH, 2009). 

In response to increasing concentrations of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) in the 

groundwater monitoring wells within the facility (specifically RHMW02) during 2008, plans 

were made to conduct four quarterly sampling events starting in August 2009 and ending in 

April 2010 at the following outside (non-tunnel) monitoring well locations: 

 RHMW04; 

 Oily Waste Disposal Facility Monitoring Well 01 (OWDFMW01); and 

 Hālawa Deep Well 2253-03 (HDMW2253-03). 

The four consecutive quarterly sampling events indicated all COPC concentrations were below 

the EALs for samples collected at monitoring well RHMW04. In January 2010 concentrations 

of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) diesel range organics (DRO) were above the EALs at 

OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03. As a result, quarterly monitoring was discontinued at 

RHMW04 and continued at the two remaining outside monitoring wells. This groundwater 

monitoring report presents the analytical results for samples collected on April 21, 2011 at the 

two outside monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03). 

Laboratory analytical results indicate that all COPC concentrations during the April 2011 

groundwater sampling event were below the EALs. Benzene was detected in monitoring well 

HDMW2253-03 at an estimated concentration of 0.42 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Xylenes and 

toluene were detected in monitoring well OWDFMW01 at estimated concentrations of 0.39 μg/L 

and 0.21 μg/L, respectively. Benzene was also detected in the monitoring well OWDFMW01 

duplicate sample at an estimated concentration of 0.29 μg/L. Benzene was not detected in the 

OWDFMW01 primary sample. All other COPCs were not detected at or above the limits of 

detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs). All LODs and LOQs were generally below 

the EALs. In the case where an EAL for a specific COPC is less than the LOQ, it is generally 

acceptable to consider the LOQ in place of the EAL (DOH, 2009). The results of this 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Executive Summary

June 2011

vi 

groundwater monitoring event indicate significant concentrations of COPCs detected within the 

facility are not impacting these two outside wells. 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

 June 2011

1-1 

Section 1 Introduction 

This report presents the results of the April 2011 quarterly groundwater monitoring event at the 

two outside monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03) at the RHSF, Pearl Harbor, 

O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (Figure 1-1). The groundwater monitoring was performed by Environet for the 

Department of the Navy (DON), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Hawai‘i 

under Environmental Technical Services, Contract Number N62742-08-D-1930, Contract Task 

Order Number HC14. 

This groundwater monitoring event is considered supplemental to the quarterly groundwater 

monitoring program conducted within the tunnels of the RHSF. This supplemental groundwater 

monitoring was conducted in response to increasing concentrations of COPCs in a groundwater 

monitoring well within the RHSF, specifically RHMW02, during the October 2008 groundwater 

monitoring event. The field activities performed for the April 2011 quarterly groundwater 

monitoring event were conducted in accordance with the procedures described in the Work Plan, 

Long-Term Monitoring, Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

(Environet, 2010). 

1.1 Project Objective 

The groundwater monitoring was performed to evaluate the presence of COPCs in groundwater 

surrounding the RHSF. The groundwater monitoring was conducted to ensure the DON remains 

in compliance with DOH UST release response requirements as described in Hawai‘i 

Administrative Rules (HAR) 11-281 Subchapter 7, Release Response Action. 

1.2 Background 

The U.S. Navy implemented a groundwater monitoring program, which includes collecting 

quarterly groundwater samples from U.S. Navy Well 2254-01 (RHMW2254-01) and four 

groundwater monitoring wells (RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW03, and RHMW05) installed in 

the RHSF lower access tunnel. The U.S. Navy Well 2254-01 is located approximately 3,000 feet 

downgradient from the RHSF and provides approximately 24 percent of the potable water to the 

PHWS. The groundwater samples are analyzed for petroleum constituents and compared against 

DOH Drinking Water EALs (DOH, 2009). 

In response to increasing concentrations of COPCs in the groundwater monitoring wells within 

the facility (specifically RHMW02) during 2008, plans were made to conduct four quarterly 

sampling events starting in August 2009 and ending in April 2010 at the following outside 

(non-tunnel) monitoring well locations: 

 RHMW04; 

 Oily Waste Disposal Facility Monitoring Well 01 (OWDFMW01); and 

 Hālawa Deep Well 2253-03 (HDMW2253-03). 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

 June 2011

1-2 

The four consecutive quarterly sampling events indicated all COPC concentrations were below 

the EALs for samples collected at monitoring well RHMW04. In January 2010 concentrations 

of TPH-DRO were above the EALs at OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03. As a result, quarterly 

monitoring was discontinued at RHMW04 and continued at the two remaining outside 

monitoring wells. This groundwater monitoring report presents the analytical results for samples 

collected on April 21, 2011 at the two outside monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 and 

HDMW2253-03). The following sections provide a description of the site and information on 

the RHSF and USTs. 

1.2.1 Site Description 

The RHSF is located on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, approximately 2.5 miles northeast of Pearl 

Harbor in Hālawa Heights (Figure 1-1). Land adjacent to the north of the RHSF is occupied by 

the Hālawa Correctional Facility and private businesses. Land to the south and west of the 

facility includes the Coast Guard Reservation and other residential neighborhoods. Moanalua 

Valley is located east of the facility (Environet, 2010). 

The Navy Public Works Department operates a potable water infiltration tunnel approximately 

1,550 feet hydraulically downgradient from the RHSF (Environet, 2010). The U.S. Navy Well 

2254-01 is located approximately 3,000 feet downgradient (west) of the RHSF and provides 

approximately 24 percent of the potable water to the PHWS, which serves approximately 52,200 

military consumers (The Environmental Company, Inc. (TEC), 2008). 

1.2.2 Facility Information 

The RHSF consists of 18 active and two inactive USTs operated by the Navy Fleet and Industrial 

Supply Center (FISC) Pearl Harbor. Each UST has a capacity of 12.5 million gallons. The 

RHSF is located approximately 100 feet above the basal aquifer (Dawson Group, Inc., 2006). 

In 2002, the U.S. Navy installed a groundwater monitoring well (RHMW01) into the basal 

aquifer, directly down-gradient from the RHSF, within the lower access tunnel. Groundwater 

samples from this well indicated that petroleum from the RHSF has migrated to the basal aquifer 

(AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., 2002). In 2005, the U.S. Navy began quarterly 

monitoring of the aquifer to protect their down-gradient drinking water resource associated with 

the U.S. Navy Well 2254-01. 

By September 2005, the U.S. Navy had installed two more groundwater monitoring wells 

(RHMW02 and RHMW03) within the RHSF UST system, a groundwater monitoring well 

(RHMW04) north of the RHSF (adjacent to the U.S. Navy Firing Range), and a groundwater 

monitoring well within the U.S. Navy Well 2254-01 infiltration gallery (RHMW2254-01). Since 

2005, RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW03, and RHMW2254-01 have been sampled quarterly for 

TPH-DRO, TPH-gasoline range organics (GRO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and dissolved lead. 

Due to increasing concentrations of COPCs at the groundwater monitoring wells within the 

RHSF (specifically RHMW02) during 2008, response measures were warranted. In April 2009, 

another groundwater monitoring well (RHMW05) was installed within the lower access tunnel 
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OWDFMW01

RHMW2254-01

RHMW05

RHMW01

RHMW02

RHMW03

HDMW2253-03

SVMP02

SVMP03

SVMP04

SVMP06

SVMP08

SVMP10

SVMP12

SVMP14

SVMP16

SVMP18

SVMP20

SVMP05

SVMP07

SVMP09

SVMP11

SVMP13

SVMP15

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Hālawa Industrial Park

Hālawa Correctional Facility

Hālawa Stream

RHMW04

U.S. Navy Well 2254-01

Hālawa Shaft Board of WaterSupply Pump Station (2354-01)

Coast Guard 

Reservation

Moanalua 

Village

Navy FiringRange

@? Soil Vapor Monitoring Points@A Groundwater Monitoring Wells

!( Board of Water Supply Pump Station

Halawa Correctional FacilityRed Hill Naval ReservationHālawa Stream

1,000 0 1,000 500

Feet

Figure 1-1

Groundwater Monitoring Well 

Location Map

LEGEND

 ̄

USGS, 2005

SOURCE

Pearl Harbor

Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring 

Report-Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells,

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, 

Pearl Harbor, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

 June 2011

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Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

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1-5 

between RHMW01 and RHMW2254-01. It was installed to identify the extent of contaminant 

migration in groundwater before it reaches the infiltration gallery at RHMW2254-01. 

Additionally, plans were made to sample three monitoring wells surrounding and outside of 

RHSF: RHMW04, OWDFMW01, and HDMW2253-03 (Figure 1-1 and Table 1-1). RHMW04 

was installed to evaluate groundwater within the basal aquifer upgradient from RHSF. 

OWDFMW01 (originally known as MW08) was installed into the basal aquifer in 1998 for a 

Phase II Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study for the Red Hill Oily Waste Disposal Facility 

(Earth Tech, Inc., 2000). It is located geographically down-gradient of the USTs and U.S. Navy 

Well 2254-01. HDMW2253-03 is controlled by the State of Hawai‘i Commission on Water 

Resource Management. HDMW2253-03 is located between the RHSF and the municipal 

drinking water supply well which is operated by the City and County of Honolulu Board of 

Water Supply (Hālawa Shaft Pumping Station 2354-01) (Figure 1-1). 

Table 1-1: Outside Monitoring Well Information 

Groundwater 

Monitoring Well 

bTOC Elevation 

(feet amsl) 

Depth to Water 

(feet bTOC) 

Total Depth of Well 

(feet) 

RHMW04 313.03 --- 320 

OWDFMW01 138.94 120.00 142.8 

HDMW2253-03 225 207.67* 1,575 

Notes: 

*Depth to water provided by the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) on April 21, 2011. 

--- Depth to water was not gauged at RHMW04 during the April 2011 groundwater sampling event. 

amsl - above mean sea level 

bTOC - below top of casing 

1.2.3 UST Information 

The USTs were constructed in the early 1940s. The tanks were constructed of steel and currently 

contain Jet Propellant (JP)-5 fuel, JP-8, and marine diesel fuel (F-76). Previously, several tanks 

stored Navy Special Fuel Oil, Navy Distillate, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline. Each tank 

measures approximately 245 feet in height and 100 feet in diameter. The upper domes of the 

tanks lie at depths varying between approximately 100 feet and 200 feet below the existing 

ground surface (TEC, 2006). 

1.2.4 Regulatory Updates 

During the summer and fall of 2008, DOH updated their EALs, which resulted in significant 

changes to the action levels associated with methylnaphthalenes. The drinking water toxicity 

EAL for these compounds was 240 μg/L. This concentration presumed that methylnaphthalenes 

were non-carcinogenic. Evidence that they are human carcinogens has now been accepted by the 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, DOH adopted more rigorous EALs 

of 4.7 μg/L for 1-methylnaphthalene and 24 μg/L for 2-methylnaphthalene, corresponding to a 

residential tap water scenario, and a one in a million cancer risk (DOH, 2009). 

Also, the drinking water EAL for naphthalene was increased from 6.2 μg/L to 17 μg/L (DOH, 

2009). Finally, the DOH Drinking Water EAL for TPH-DRO was increased from 100 μg/L to 

210 μg/L, although the DOH Groundwater Gross Contamination EAL for TPH-DRO remains 

100 μg/L. 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

 June 2011

1-6 

1.3 Previous Reports 

The following groundwater monitoring reports were previously submitted to the DOH for the 

groundwater monitoring wells within the RHSF: 

1. Groundwater Sampling Report, First Quarter 2005 (submitted April 2005); 

2. Groundwater Sampling Report, Second Quarter 2005 (submitted August 2005); 

3. Groundwater Sampling Report, Third Quarter 2005 (submitted November 2005); 

4. Groundwater Sampling Report, Fourth Quarter 2005 (submitted February 2006); 

5. Groundwater Monitoring Results, July 2006 (submitted September 2006); 

6. Groundwater Monitoring Results, December 2006 (submitted January 2007); 

7. Groundwater Monitoring Results, March 2007 (submitted May 2007); 

8. Groundwater Monitoring Results, June 2007 (submitted August 2007); 

9. Groundwater Monitoring Results, September 2007 (submitted October 2007); 

10. Groundwater Monitoring Results, January 2008 (submitted March 2008); 

11. Groundwater Monitoring Results, April 2008 (submitted May 2008); 

12. Groundwater Monitoring Results, July 2008 (submitted October 2008); 

13. Groundwater Monitoring Results, October and December 2008 (submitted 

February 2009); 

14. Groundwater Monitoring Results, February 2009 (submitted May 2009); 

15. Groundwater Monitoring Results, May 2009 (submitted July 2009); 

16. Groundwater Monitoring Results, July 2009 (submitted September 2009); 

17. Groundwater Monitoring Results, October 2009 (submitted December 2009); 

18. Groundwater Monitoring Results, January, February, and March 2010 (submitted 

April 2010); 

19. Groundwater Monitoring Results, April 2010 (submitted May 2010); 

20. Groundwater Monitoring Results, July 2010 (submitted August 2010);

21. Groundwater Monitoring Results, October 2010 (submitted December 2010); and

22. Groundwater Monitoring Results, January 2011 (submitted March 2011).

The following groundwater monitoring reports were previously submitted to the DOH for the 

groundwater monitoring wells outside the RHSF: 

1. Groundwater Monitoring Results, August 2009 (submitted September 2009); 

2. Groundwater Monitoring Results, October 2009 (submitted December 2009); 

3. Groundwater Monitoring Results, January 2010 (submitted April 2010); 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

 June 2011

1-7 

4. Groundwater Monitoring Results, April 2010 (submitted May 2010); 

5. Groundwater Monitoring Results, July 2010 (submitted August 2010); 

6. Groundwater Monitoring Results, October 2010 (submitted December 2010); and 

7. Groundwater Monitoring Results, January 2011 (submitted March 2011). 
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Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i 

Section 1

Introduction

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Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 2

Monitoring Activities

 June 2011

2-1 

Section 2 Monitoring Activities 

Groundwater monitoring was conducted on April 21, 2011 in accordance with the site specific 

Work Plan (Environet, 2010). Field activities were documented in the field notebook (Appendix 

A). 

2.1 Groundwater Gauging 

Groundwater gauging measurements were collected at the two monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 

and HDMW2253-03) prior to purging and sample collection. A Solinst water level meter was 

used to measure the depth to groundwater to the nearest 0.01 foot within monitoring well 

OWDFMW01, according to the procedures described in Procedure I-C-3, Monitoring Well 

Sampling (DON, 2007). The depth to groundwater for monitoring well HDMW2253-03 was 

measured by a Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) employee prior to well 

purging (Table 1-1). 

2.2 Groundwater Sampling 

Groundwater samples were collected from the two monitoring wells according to the procedures 

described in Procedure I-C-3, Monitoring Well Sampling (DON, 2007). 

2.2.1 Monitoring Well Purging 

Due to the well construction characteristics of OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03 (large casing 

diameter of approximately 12 inches from the top of casing (TOC) to approximately 50 feet 

below the groundwater surface then the well is open [not cased] from approximately 250 feet 

below TOC to 1,575 feet below TOC), three well casing volumes were not purged prior to 

sampling. Instead, water was purged using disposable bailers until three or more successive 

water quality parameter measurements had stabilized within 10 percent. A Horiba® U-22 

multi-parameter water quality meter was used to measure hydrogen activity (pH), temperature, 

specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and oxidation reduction potential. At least six 

readings were recorded on Groundwater Sampling Log data sheets (Appendix B). 

2.2.2 Groundwater Sample Collection 

Groundwater samples were collected from OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03 using four and 

two-inch disposable bailers. Groundwater samples were collected directly into laboratory 

provided, specially cleaned, sample containers already containing the appropriate preservatives 

(i.e., nitric acid for dissolved lead analysis). The dissolved lead samples were filtered in the field 

and placed in polyethylene bottles containing the appropriate preservative. 

2.2.3 Sample Management and Shipment 

Each sample container sent to the laboratory was assigned a project-specific chain of custody 

identification number and a descriptive identification number. The sample identifiers provided 

specific data unique to each sample and were entered into the field notebook. The samples were 

labeled according to the procedures described in Procedure III-E, Record Keeping, Sample 

Labeling, and Chain-of-Custody (DON, 2007). 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 2

Monitoring Activities

 June 2011

2-2 

Following sample collection and labeling, the sample containers were packaged with bubble 

wrap and placed into individual ZipLoc bags, then immediately into insulated coolers with ice 

for preservation. The samples were shipped via FedEx to the laboratory on the same day of 

collection. The samples were managed under standard chain of custody protocol and 

documentation from collection to delivery to the laboratory. Sample handling, storage, and 

transport were performed according to the requirements described in Procedure III-F, Sample 

Handling, Storage, and Shipping (DON, 2007). 

2.3 Analytical Program 

During the April 2011 groundwater monitoring event, two sets of primary groundwater samples, 

one set of duplicate groundwater samples, and one set of quality control (QC) groundwater 

samples were submitted to APPL, Inc. located in Clovis, California. Groundwater samples were 

analyzed for VOCs and TPH-GRO by EPA Method 8260B, TPH-DRO by EPA Method 8015B, 

PAHs by EPA Method 8270D SIM, and dissolved lead by EPA Method 6020. The results of the 

laboratory analyses are presented and discussed in Section 3. 

2.4 Field Quality Control Samples 

Field QC procedures were followed to ensure viability and integrity of sample analytical data. 

Field duplicates were collected according to the procedures described in Procedure III-B, Field 

QC Samples (Water, Soil) (DON, 2007) and the Work Plan (Environet, 2010). Field duplicate 

samples were collected at a minimum of 10 percent of primary samples and analyzed for the 

same contaminants. Field rinsate samples were not required since disposable bailers were used. 

2.5 Laboratory Quality Control Samples 

Laboratory QC samples were analyzed as part of the standard laboratory QC protocols as 

presented in the Work Plan (Environet, 2010). Laboratory QC for the groundwater monitoring 

event consisted of matrix spike (MS)/matrix spike duplicate (MSD) samples for organic analysis. 

Laboratory QC samples were collected and analyzed according to the procedures described in 

Procedure III-A Laboratory QC Samples (Water, Soil) (DON, 2007). Laboratory QC MS/MSD 

samples are an aliquot (i.e., a subset) of the field sample; they are not separate samples, but a 

special designation of an existing sample. Laboratory QC MS/MSD samples were analyzed for 

the same constituents as the standard samples. At a minimum, one MS/MSD sample pair was 

required per 20 samples, including duplicates. 

2.6 Equipment Decontamination 

Decontamination of monitoring equipment was performed to ensure data quality, to prevent 

cross contamination, and to prevent the potential introduction of contaminants into previously 

un-impacted areas. Decontamination of monitoring equipment (i.e., Solinst water level meter 

and Horiba® U-22 water quality meter) was conducted between monitoring locations according 

to the procedures described in Procedure I-F, Equipment Decontamination (DON, 2007). 

Decontamination water generated at monitoring well OWDFMW01 was disposed of in the 

RHSF’s lower tunnel oil/water separator sump. 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 2

Monitoring Activities

 June 2011

2-3 

2.7 Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) Management 

IDW was managed in accordance with the procedures described in Procedure I-A-6, IDW 

Management (DON, 2007). The various potential waste streams included the following: 

 personal protective equipment (PPE) including: nitrile gloves, etc.; 

 liquids including: equipment rinse water and purged groundwater; and 

 disposable sampling equipment and supplies, including: bailers, poly sheeting, etc. 

Equipment rinse water and purge water from OWDFMW01 was disposed of in the RHSF’s 

lower tunnel oil/water separator sump. Purge water from monitoring well HDMW2253-03 was 

disposed of in the surrounding grass (as directed by DLNR) since it was of drinking water 

quality. Spent PPE and non-contaminated sample jars and bottles (acid free) were disposed of on 

a daily basis as solid waste. 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 2

Monitoring Activities

 June 2011

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Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 3

Groundwater Analytical Results

 June 2011

3-1 

Section 3 Groundwater Analytical Results 

This section provides a summary of analytical results for groundwater samples collected from 

the two outside monitoring wells on April 21, 2011. Complete analytical laboratory reports are 

provided in Appendix C. 

3.1 Summary of Groundwater Analytical Results 

OWDFMW01 

Benzene (only in the duplicate sample), xylenes and toluene were detected in OWDFMW01 at 

estimated concentrations of 0.29 μg/L, 0.39 μg/L, and 0.21 μg/L which are below both the 

Drinking Water EAL (5 μg/L for benzene, 10,000 μg/L for xylenes, and 1,000 μg/L for toluene) 

and the Gross Contamination EAL (170 μg/L for benzene, 20 μg/L for xylenes, and 40 μg/L for 

toluene) (Table 3-1, Table 3-2). 

All other COPCs were not detected at or above the LODs and LOQs in OWDFMW01. All 

LODs and LOQs were generally below the EALs. In the case where an EAL for a specific 

COPC is less than the LOQ, it is generally acceptable to consider the LOQ in place of the EAL 

(DOH, 2009). 

HDMW2253-03 

Benzene was detected in HDMW2253-03 at an estimated concentration of 0.42 μg/L which is 

below both the Drinking Water EAL (5 μg/L) and the Gross Contamination EAL (170 μg/L) 

(Table 3-1). 

All other COPCs were not detected at or above the LODs and LOQs in HDMW2253-03. All 

LODs and LOQs were generally below the EALs. In the case where an EAL for a specific 

COPC is less than the LOQ, it is generally acceptable to consider the LOQ in place of the EAL 

(DOH, 2009). 

3.1.1 Data Quality Control Results 

The laboratory quality control results were all within the control limits. The relative percent 

difference (RPD) of field duplicates for all analytes were within the 50 percent criteria. The trip 

blank that accompanied the outside well samples did not contain detectable levels of any COPCs. 

The data quality control results indicate that the data obtained for this monitoring event are 

suitable for their intended use (Table 3-2). 

Benzene, xylenes, and toluene were not detected in the laboratory blank samples (Appendix C). 

3.2 Groundwater Contaminant Trend 

Concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were previously not detected above the EALs during the 

August 2009, October 2009, January 2010, April 2010, July 2010, October 2010, and January 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 3

Groundwater Analytical Results

 June 2011

3-2 

2011 groundwater monitoring events. These constituents were also not detected above the EALs 

during this groundwater monitoring event. 

TPH-DRO concentrations in OWDFMW01 have significantly decreased from January 2010 

(1,490 μg/L) to April 2010 (288 μg/L) and to non-detect in October 2010, January 2011, and 

April 2011 (Table 3-1 and Table 3-3). TPH-DRO concentrations at this well are decreasing. 

The concentrations of TPH-DRO at HDMW2253-03 have decreased to non-detect for five 

consecutive events (Table 3-3). TPH-DRO concentrations at this well are decreasing. 

The October 2010 detection of acetone at an estimated concentration below the DOH Drinking 

Water EAL was the first at monitoring well OWDFMW01. Acetone was also detected at an 

estimated concentration in the trip blank sample. This suggested that acetone was introduced to 

the samples during transport to and from the laboratory, and is not representative of groundwater 

at OWDFMW01. The previous conclusion that acetone is not representative of groundwater at 

OWDFMW01 is confirmed in the January 2011 sampling event and during this sampling event 

as acetone was not detected in any of the samples collected. 

The October 2010 detections of lead at concentrations below the DOH Drinking Water EAL 

were the first at these two monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03). Lead was not 

detected in any of the samples in the January 2011 sampling event and during this sampling 

event. This suggests that the October 2010 detection of lead was an anomaly. 

The January 2011 detection of benzene at an estimated concentration below the DOH Drinking 

Water EAL in OWDFMW01 was the first at this monitoring well. Benzene was detected at an 

estimated concentration in the duplicate sample collected from OWDFMW01 during this 

sampling event. 

The April 2011 detections of xylenes and toluene in OWDFMW01 and benzene in 

HDMW2253-03 at estimated concentrations below the DOH Drinking Water EALs were the first 

at these monitoring wells. 
Table 3-1: Analytical Results for Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring-Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells, April 2011

Result Q LOQ LOD DL Result Q LOQ LOD DL

EPA 8015B (Petroleum) TPH-DRO 210 100 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 150 80.8 40.4

EPA 8260B (Petroleum) TPH-GRO 100 100 ND U 20.0 12.12 6.06 ND U 20.0 12.12 6.06

Acenaphthene 370 20 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06

Acenaphthylene 240 2000 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06

Anthracene 1800 22 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05

Benzo(a)anthracene 0.092 4.7 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1500 0.13 ND U 0.2b 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2b 0.16 0.08

Benzo(a)pyrene 0.2 0.81 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.092 0.75 ND U 0.2b 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2b 0.12 0.06

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.92 0.4 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07

Chrysene 9.2 1 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.0092 0.52 ND U 0.2b 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2b 0.10 0.05

Fluoranthene 1500 130 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08

Fluorene 240 950 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06

Ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.092 0.095 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07

1,-Methylnaphthalene 4.7 10 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06

2,-Methylnaphthalene 24 10 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06

Naphthalene 17 21 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05

Phenanthrene 240 410 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07

Pyrene 180 68 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 200 970 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 5 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.40 0.20 ND U 1.0 0.40 0.20

1,1-Dichloroethane 2.4 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

1,1-Dichloroethylene 

(1,1-Dichloroethene) 7 1,500 ND U 1.0 0.60 0.30 ND U 1.0 0.60 0.30

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.6 50,000 ND U 2.0b 0.78 0.39 ND U 2.0b 0.78 0.39

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 70 3,000 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 0.04 10 ND U 2.0b 1.52 0.76 ND U 2.0b 1.52 0.76

1,2-Dibromoethane 0.0065 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.40 0.20 ND U 1.0b 0.40 0.20

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 600 10 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

1,2-Dichloroethane 0.15 7,000 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14

1,2-Dichloropropane 5 10 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

1,3-Dichlorobenzene 180 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.22 0.11 ND U 1.0 0.22 0.11

1,3-Dichloropropene (total of 

cis/trans) 0.43 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.36 0.18 ND U 1.0 0.36 0.18

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 75 5 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Acetone 22,000 20,000 ND U 10.0 1.90 0.95 ND U 10.0 1.90 0.95

Benzene 5 170 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 0.42 J 1.0 0.32 0.16

Bromodichloromethane 0.22 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14

Bromoform 100 510 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14

Bromomethane 8.7 50,000 ND U 2.0 0.48 0.24 ND U 2.0 0.48 0.24

Carbon Tetrachloride 5 520 ND U 1.0 0.20 0.10 ND U 1.0 0.20 0.10

Chlorobenzene 100 50 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

Chloroethane 8,600 16 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

Chloroform 70 2,400 ND U 1.0 0.14 0.07 ND U 1.0 0.14 0.07

Chloromethane 1.8 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.62 0.31 ND U 1.0 0.62 0.31

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (cis1,2-Dichloroethene) 70 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16

Dibromochloromethane 

(Chlorodibromomethane) 0.16 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0b 0.38 0.19

Ethylbenzene 700 30 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23

Hexachlorobutadiene 0.86 6 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Methyl ethyl ketone 

(2-Butanone) 7,100 8,400 ND U 10.0 1.20 0.60 ND U 10.0 1.20 0.60

Methyl isobutyl ketone 

(4-Methyl-2-pentanone) 2,000 1,300 ND U 10.0 3.80 1.90 ND U 10.0 3.80 1.90

Methyl tert-butyl Ether 12 5 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Methylene chloride 4.8 9,100 ND U 5.0 0.70 0.35 ND U 5.0 0.70 0.35

Styrene 100 10 ND U 1.0 0.50 0.25 ND U 1.0 0.50 0.25

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 0.52 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.26 0.13 ND U 1.0 0.26 0.13

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 0.067 500 ND U 1.0b 0.20 0.10 ND U 1.0b 0.20 0.10

Tetrachloroethylene 

(Tetrachloroethene) 5 170 ND U 1.0 0.30 0.15 ND U 1.0 0.30 0.15

Toluene 1,000 40 0.21 J 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 

(trans-1,2-Dichloroethene) 100 260 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Trichloroethylene 

(Trichloroethene) 5 310 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16

Vinyl chloride 2 3,400 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23

Xylenes 10,000 20 0.39 J 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

EPA 6020 Lead 15 5000 ND U 0.5 0.22 0.11 ND U 0.5 0.22 0.11

Notes:

DRO - diesel range organics

GRO - gasoline range organics

LOD - limit of detection

LOQ - limit of quantitation or reporting limit (RL)

ND - not detected

PAHs - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Q - data qualifier

TPH - total petroleum hydrocarbons

VOC - volatile organic compound

Bold - Result exceeds one or both DOH EALs.

HDMW2253-03 

(ES029)

OWDFMW01 

EPA 8270D SIM (PAHs)

Method Chemical

DOH Drinking Water 

EALs for Human 

Toxicitya 

DOH Groundwater 

Gross Contamination 

EALsa 

J - Estimated result. Indicates that the compound was identified but the concentration was above the DL and below the LOQ.

U - Indicates the compound or analyte was analyzed for but not detected. The result is reported as ND.

 Environmental Hazards at Sites with Contaminated Soil and Groundwater 2008, updated March 2009). 

(ES028)

EPA 8260B (VOCs)

a DOH EALs (DOH, 2009): Table D-1b. Groundwater Action Levels (Groundwater is a current or potential drinking water resource; surface water body is not located within 150 meters of release site.)

b In the case where an EAL for a specific chemical is less than the LOQ for a commercial laboratory, it is generally acceptable to consider the LOQ in place of the action level (DOH, Evaluation of 

DL - detection limit or method detection limit (MDL)

All units are in micrograms per liter (μg/L).
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 3

Groundwater Analytical Results

 June 2011

3-4 

This page is intentionally left blank. 
Table 3-2: Field QC Results-Outside Wells, April 2011

Q LOQ LOD DL Q LOQ LOD DL Q LOQ LOD DL

EPA 8015B (Petroleum) TPH-DRO 210 100 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 0 -- -- -- -- --

EPA 8260B (Petroleum) TPH-GRO 100 100 ND U 20.0 12.12 6.06 ND U 20.0 12.12 6.06 0 ND U 20.0 12.12 6.06

Acenaphthene 370 20 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

Acenaphthylene 240 2000 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

Anthracene 1800 22 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 0 -- -- -- -- --

Benzo(a)anthracene 0.092 4.7 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 0 -- -- -- -- --

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1500 0.13 ND U 0.2b 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2b 0.16 0.08 0 -- -- -- -- --

Benzo(a)pyrene 0.2 0.81 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 0 -- -- -- -- --

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.092 0.75 ND U 0.2b 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2b 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.92 0.4 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 0 -- -- -- -- --

Chrysene 9.2 1 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 0 -- -- -- -- --

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.0092 0.52 ND U 0.2b 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2b 0.10 0.05 0 -- -- -- -- --

Fluoranthene 1500 130 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 0 -- -- -- -- --

Fluorene 240 950 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

Ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.092 0.095 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2b 0.14 0.07 0 -- -- -- -- --

1,-Methylnaphthalene 4.7 10 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

2,-Methylnaphthalene 24 10 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 ND U 0.2 0.12 0.06 0 -- -- -- -- --

Naphthalene 17 21 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 ND U 0.2 0.10 0.05 0 -- -- -- -- --

Phenanthrene 240 410 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 ND U 0.2 0.14 0.07 0 -- -- -- -- --

Pyrene 180 68 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 ND U 0.2 0.16 0.08 0 -- -- -- -- --

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 200 970 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 0 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 5 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.40 0.20 ND U 1.0 0.40 0.20 0 ND U 1.0 0.40 0.20

1,1-Dichloroethane 2.4 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

1,1-Dichloroethylene 

(1,1-Dichloroethene) 7 1,500 ND U 1.0 0.60 0.30 ND U 1.0 0.60 0.30 0 ND U 1.0 0.60 0.30

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.6 50,000 ND U 2.0b 0.78 0.39 ND U 2.0b 0.78 0.39 0 ND U 2.0b 0.78 0.39

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 70 3,000 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 0 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

1,2-Dibromo-3-

chloropropane 0.04 10 ND U 2.0b 1.52 0.76 ND U 2.0b 1.52 0.76 0 ND U 2.0b 1.52 0.76

1,2-Dibromoethane 0.0065 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.40 0.20 ND U 1.0b 0.40 0.20 0 ND U 1.0b 0.40 0.20

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 600 10 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 0 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

1,2-Dichloroethane 0.15 7,000 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 0 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14

1,2-Dichloropropane 5 10 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 0 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

1,3-Dichlorobenzene 180 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.22 0.11 ND U 1.0 0.22 0.11 0 ND U 1.0 0.22 0.11

1,3-Dichloropropene (total of 

cis/trans) 0.43 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.36 0.18 ND U 1.0 0.36 0.18 0 ND U 1.0 0.36 0.18

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 75 5 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Acetone 22,000 20,000 ND U 10.0 1.90 0.95 ND U 10.0 1.90 0.95 0 ND U 10.0 1.90 0.95

Benzene 5 170 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 0.29 J 1.0 0.32 0.16 0 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16

Bromodichloromethane 0.22 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14 0 ND U 1.0b 0.28 0.14

Bromoform 100 510 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14 0 ND U 1.0 0.28 0.14

Bromomethane 8.7 50,000 ND U 2.0 0.48 0.24 ND U 2.0 0.48 0.24 0 ND U 2.0 0.48 0.24

Carbon Tetrachloride 5 520 ND U 1.0 0.20 0.10 ND U 1.0 0.20 0.10 0 ND U 1.0 0.20 0.10

Chlorobenzene 100 50 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 0 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

Chloroethane 8,600 16 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21 0 ND U 1.0 0.42 0.21

Chloroform 70 2,400 ND U 1.0 0.14 0.07 ND U 1.0 0.14 0.07 0 ND U 1.0 0.14 0.07

Chloromethane 1.8 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.62 0.31 ND U 1.0 0.62 0.31 0 ND U 1.0 0.62 0.31

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (cis1,2-Dichloroethene) 70 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 0 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16

Dibromochloromethane 

(Chlorodibromomethane) 0.16 50,000 ND U 1.0b 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0b 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0b 0.38 0.19

Ethylbenzene 700 30 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 0 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23

Hexachlorobutadiene 0.86 6 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Methyl ethyl ketone 

(2-Butanone) 7,100 8,400 ND U 10.0 1.20 0.60 ND U 10.0 1.20 0.60 0 ND U 10.0 1.20 0.60

Methyl isobutyl ketone 

(4-Methyl-2-pentanone) 2,000 1,300 ND U 10.0 3.80 1.90 ND U 10.0 3.80 1.90 0 ND U 10.0 3.80 1.90

Methyl tert-butyl Ether 12 5 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Methylene chloride 4.8 9,100 ND U 5.0 0.70 0.35 ND U 5.0 0.70 0.35 0 ND U 5.0 0.70 0.35

Styrene 100 10 ND U 1.0 0.50 0.25 ND U 1.0 0.50 0.25 0 ND U 1.0 0.50 0.25

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 0.52 50,000 ND U 1.0 0.26 0.13 ND U 1.0 0.26 0.13 0 ND U 1.0 0.26 0.13

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 0.067 500 ND U 1.0b 0.20 0.10 ND U 1.0b 0.20 0.10 0 ND U 1.0b 0.20 0.10

Tetrachloroethylene 

(Tetrachloroethene) 5 170 ND U 1.0 0.30 0.15 ND U 1.0 0.30 0.15 0 ND U 1.0 0.30 0.15

Toluene 1,000 40 0.21 J 1.0 0.34 0.17 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17 0 ND U 1.0 0.34 0.17

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 

(trans-1,2-Dichloroethene) 100 260 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

Trichloroethylene 

(Trichloroethene) 5 310 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16 0 ND U 1.0 0.32 0.16

Vinyl chloride 2 3,400 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23 0 ND U 1.0 0.46 0.23

Xylenes 10,000 20 0.39 J 1.0 0.38 0.19 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19 0 ND U 1.0 0.38 0.19

EPA 6020 Lead 15 5000 ND U 0.5 0.22 0.11 ND U 0.5 0.22 0.11 0 -- -- -- --

Notes:

dup - duplicate

GRO - gasoline range organics

LOD - limit of detection

LOQ - limit of quantitation or reporting limit (RL)

PAHs - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Q - data qualifier

RPD - relative percent difference

TPH - total petroleum hydrocarbons

VOC - volatile organic compound

-- not analyzed

Bold - Result exceeds one or both DOH EALs.

--

Result

RPD 

Duplicate 

(%)

U - Indicates the compound or analyte was analyzed for but not detected. The result is reported as ND. 

a DOH EALs (DOH, 2009): Table D-1b. Groundwater Action Levels (Groundwater is a current or potential drinking water resource; surface water body is not located within 150 meters of release site).

b In the case where an EAL for a specific chemical is less than the LOQ for a commercial laboratory, it is generally acceptable to consider the LOQ in place of the action level (DOH, Evaluation of Environmental Hazards at Sites with Contaminated

 Soil and Groundwater 2008, updated March 2009). 

J - Estimated result. Indicates that the compound was identified but the concentration was above the DL and below the LOQ.

DRO - diesel range organics

DL - detection limit or method detection limit (MDL)

All units are in micrograms per liter (μg/L).

OWDFMW01 

ES029

Result Result

Trip Blank (4/21/2011)

ES030, ES032

OWDFMW01 dup 

EPA 8270D SIM (PAHs)

EPA 8260B (VOCs)

DOH Groundwater Gross ES031

Contamination EALs

Method Chemical a 

DOH Drinking 

Water EALs for 

Human Toxicitya 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 3

Groundwater Analytical Results

 June 2011

3-6 

This page is intentionally left blank. 
Table 3-3: Historical and Current Groundwater Sample Analytical Results, August 2009 through April 2011

Result Q LOQ LOD DL Result Q LOQ LOD DL Result Q LOQ LOD DL Result Q LOQ LOD DL

August 2009 ND U 457 NA 171 ND U 100 NA 30 -- -- -- NA -- -- -- -- NA --October 2009 ND U 444 NA 167 ND U 100 NA 30 ND U 494 NA 185 ND U 100 NA 30January 2010 1490 440 NA 165 ND U 100 NA 30 322 J 460 NA 172 ND U 100 NA 30

April 2010 288 J 471 NA 176 ND U 100 NA 30 ND U 471 NA 176 ND U 100 NA 30

July 2010 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ND U 426 -- 160 ND U 100 -- 30October 2010 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06January 2011 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06April 2011 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06 ND U 150 80.8 40.4 ND U 20.0 12.1 6.06

Notes:

OWDFMW01 HDMW2253-03

TPH-DRO TPH-GRO 

DOH Drinking Water EALs for Human Toxicity

All units are in micrograms per liter (μg/L) is not located within 150 meters of release site.)-- The monitoring well was not sampledDL - detection limit or method detection limit (MDL)J - Estimated result. Indicates that the compound was identified but the concentration was above the DL and below the LOQ.LOD - limit of detection LOQ - limit of quantitation or reporting limit (RL)NA - not availableND - not detected Q - data qualifierU - Indicates that the compound was analyzed for but not detected. The result is reported as ND.Bold - Result exceeds one or both DOH EALs.

a : TPH-DRO = 210 μg/L; TPH-GRO = 100 μg/L

DOH Groundwater Gross Contamination EALs a : TPH-DRO = 100 μg/L; TPH-GRO = 100 μg/L

a DOH EALs (DOH, 2009): Table D-1b. Groundwater Action Levels (Groundwater is a current or potential drinking water resource; surface water body

TPH-DRO TPH-GRO 
Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 3

Groundwater Analytical Results

 June 2011

3-8 

This page is intentionally left blank. 
 

Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

 Section 4 

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 

 June 2011

4-1 

Section 4 Summary, Conclusions, and 

Recommendations 

4.1 Summary 

Benzene was detected at an estimated concentration of 0.42 μg/L in HDMW2253-03 during this 

groundwater monitoring event. This concentration is below the DOH Drinking Water EAL (5 

μg/L) and the DOH Gross Contamination EAL (170 μg/L). No other COPCs were detected in 

HDMW2253-03 during the April 2011 groundwater sampling event. 

Xylenes and toluene were detected at estimated concentrations of 0.39 μg/L and 0.21 μg/L, 

respectively in OWDFMW01 during this groundwater monitoring event. Benzene was also 

detected in OWDFMW01 duplicate sample at an estimated concentration of 0.29 μg/L. Benzene 

was not detected in the OWDFMW01 primary sample. These estimated concentrations are 

below the DOH Drinking Water EALs (5 μg/L for benzene, 10,000 μg/L for xylenes, and 1,000 

μg/L for toluene) and the DOH Gross Contamination EALs (170 μg/L for benzene, 20 μg/L for 

xylenes, and 40 μg/L for toluene). No other COPCs were detected in OWDFMW01 during the 

April 2011 groundwater sampling event. 

4.2 Conclusions 

Concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were previously not detected above the EALs during the 

August 2009, October 2009, January 2010, April 2010, July 2010, October 2010, and January 

2011 groundwater monitoring events. These constituents were also not detected above the EALs 

during this groundwater monitoring event. The data continue to suggest that TPH-DRO is the 

only COPC present in any notable quantity for the site. 

TPH-DRO concentrations in OWDFMW01 have significantly decreased from January 2010 

(1,490 μg/L) to April 2010 (288 μg/L) and to non-detect in October 2010, January, and April 

2011 (Table 3-1 and Table 3-3). The concentrations of TPH-DRO at HDMW2253-03 have 

decreased to non-detect for five consecutive events. The data suggest that TPH-DRO 

concentrations are attenuating naturally at the two outside wells. 

The October 2010 detection of acetone at an estimated concentration below the DOH Drinking 

Water EAL was the first at monitoring well OWDFMW01. Acetone was not detected in the 

January 2011 sampling event nor during this sampling event. This confirms acetone was 

introduced to the samples during transport to and from the laboratory. The October 2010 

detection of acetone is not representative of groundwater at OWDFMW01. The October 2010 

detections of lead at concentrations below the DOH Drinking Water EAL were the first at these 

two monitoring wells (OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03). Lead was not detected in any 

samples during the January 2011 sampling event nor during this sampling event. This confirms 

the lead detection in October 2010 was an anomaly. 

The January 2011 detection of benzene at an estimated concentration below the DOH Drinking 

Water EAL in OWDFMW01 was the first at this monitoring well. Benzene was again detected 
 

Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

 Section 4 

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 

 June 2011

4-2 

only in the duplicate sample from OWDFMW01 at an estimated concentration below the DOH 

Drinking Water EAL during the April 2011 sampling event. 

The April 2011 detections of xylenes and toluene in OWDFMW01 and benzene in 

HDMW2253-03 at estimated concentrations below the DOH Drinking Water EALs were the first 

at these monitoring wells. 

4.3 Recommendations 

Based on the results of the field observations and analytical testing, continuation of the quarterly 

groundwater monitoring of OWDFMW01 and HDMW2253-03 is recommended to monitor the 

presence of COPCs in the groundwater surrounding the RHSF. 
 

Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 5

References

 June 2011

5-1 

Section 5 References 

AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., 2002. Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility Investigation 

Report, Prepared for NAVFAC Pacific. August. 

Dawson Group, Inc., 2006. Fourth Quarter 2005 Groundwater Sampling Report, Red Hill Fuel 

Storage Facility, Hawaii. February. 

DOH, 2009. Evaluation of Environmental Hazards at Sites with Contaminated Soil and 

Groundwater. Updated March 2009. 

DON, 2007. Project Procedures Manual, U.S. Navy Environmental Restoration Program, 

NAVFAC Pacific. February. 

Earth Tech, Inc, 2000. Remedial Investigation Phase II, Volume I, Technical Report, Red Hill 

Oily Waste Disposal Facility, Halawa, Oahu, Hawaii. September. 

Environet, 2010. Work Plan, Long-Term Monitoring, Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl 

Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. September. 

Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 281, Subchapter 7. 

TEC, 2006. Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Final - Addendum Planning Documents, Pearl 

Harbor, Hawaii. May. 

_____, 2008. Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Final Groundwater Protection Plan, Pearl 

Harbor, Hawaii. January 2008 revised in December 2009. 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2005. Aerial Image. http://hawaii.wr.usgs.gov/index.html. 

 
 

Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report – Outside (Non-Tunnel) Wells 

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Pearl Harbor, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Section 5

References

 June 2011

5-2 

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Appendix A 

Field Notebook 

 



Appendix B 

Groundwater Sampling Logs 

 

WELL ID: LOCATION: PROJECT NO:

INITIAL WATER LEVEL: DATE: TIME:

TOTAL DEPTH OF WELL: PERSONNEL INVOLVED:

LENGTH OF SATURATED ZONE: WEATHER CONDITIONS:

VOLUME OF WATER TO BE REMOVED: METHOD OF REMOVAL:

WATER LEVEL AFTER PURGING: PUMPING RATE: 

WELL PURGE DATA:

TIME VOLUME 

REMOVED pH COND (S/m) TURBIDITY 

(NTU) DO (mg/l) TEMP (o

C) SALINITY 

(%)

REDOX (ORP) 

(mV)

1214 2 L 10.29 0.357 44.1 5.45 25.4 0.2 15

1217 6 L 10.47 0.357 61.0 5.77 24.6 0.2 0

1220 8 L 10.50 0.357 72.0 5.32 24.4 0.2 -8

1222 10 L 10.49 0.349 76.0 5.20 24.2 0.2 0

SAMPLE RETRIEVAL METHOD: APPEARANCE OF SAMPLE: 

COLOR None

SAMPLE ID: TURBIDITY None

SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME: SEDIMENT None

SAMPLED BY: OTHER

COMMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS: PID = 0.7 ppm

Collected MS/MSD sample = ES029 MS/MSD

 Collected duplicate sample = ES031(RH-OWDFMW01-GW23 Dup) 8:30

LABORATORY ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND PRESERVATIVES: TPH-GRO (EPA 8260B) & VOCs (EPA 8260B),

TPH-DRO (EPA8015B) & PAHs (EPA 8270C SIM) with no preservative, and dissolved lead (EPA 6020) with nitric acid preservative

NUMBER AND TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINERS FILLED:

DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES:

SAMPLES DELIVERED TO: TRANSPORTERS:

SAMPLE DELIVERY DATE: SAMPLE DELIVERY TIME:

CAPACITY OF CASING (GALLONS/LINEAR FOOT)

2"-0.16; 4"-0.65; 6"-1.47; 8"-2.61; 10"-4.08; 12"-5.87

4/22/11 (shipped via FedEx) 1300

Duplicate: (3) - 40 mL VOAs, (3) - 1 L amber bottle, (1) - 500 mL polyethylene bottle, and MS/MSD: (6) - mL VOAs, (6) - 1 L amber bottle, (2) - 500 mL polyethylene bottle

120.9 ft. N/A

2" and 4" disposable bailer

ES029, ESO31 (RH-OWDFMW01-GW23)

1230

S. Fineran, M. Solmssen

Primary: (4) - 40 mL VOAs, (3) - 1 L amber bottle, (1) - 500 mL polyethylene bottle,

Alconox, triple rinse with distilled water

APPL, Inc. VD, SF

142.8 ft bTOC M.Solmssen, S.Fineran

Sunny

N/A 2" and 4" disposable bailer

120 ft. 4/21/2011 1205

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOG

OWDFMW01 Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility 1022-015
WELL ID: LOCATION: PROJECT NO:

INITIAL WATER LEVEL: DATE: TIME:

TOTAL DEPTH OF WELL: PERSONNEL INVOLVED:

LENGTH OF SATURATED ZONE: WEATHER CONDITIONS:

VOLUME OF WATER TO BE REMOVED: METHOD OF REMOVAL:

WATER LEVEL AFTER PURGING: PUMPING RATE: 

WELL PURGE DATA:

TIME VOLUME 

REMOVED pH COND 

(mS/m)

TURBIDITY 

(NTU) DO (mg/l) TEMP (o

C) SALINITY 

(%)

REDOX (ORP) 

(mV)

1030 4 L 5.83 53.3 157.0 3.68 23.1 0.0 18

1035 8 L 5.80 47.9 176.0 8.54 22.8 0.0 -37

1040 13 L 6.13 48.2 147.0 2.43 22.7 0.0 -56

1045 17 L 6.19 54.9 147.0 2.67 22.6 0.0 -69

SAMPLE RETRIEVAL METHOD: APPEARANCE OF SAMPLE: 

COLOR gray

SAMPLE ID: TURBIDITY slightly turbid

SAMPLE COLLECTION TIME: SEDIMENT some sediment

SAMPLED BY: OTHER

COMMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS:

Note: depth to water was provided by DLNR (Jeremy)

LABORATORY ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND PRESERVATIVES: TPH-GRO (EPA 8260B) & VOCs (EPA 8260B),

TPH-DRO (EPA8015B) & PAHs (EPA 8270C SIM) with no preservative, and dissolved lead (EPA 6020) with nitric acid preservative

NUMBER AND TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINERS FILLED:

 

DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES:

SAMPLES DELIVERED TO: TRANSPORTERS:

SAMPLE DELIVERY DATE: SAMPLE DELIVERY TIME:

CAPACITY OF CASING (GALLONS/LINEAR FOOT)

2"-0.16; 4"-0.65; 6"-1.47; 8"-2.61; 10"-4.08; 12"-5.87

4/22/2011 (shipped via FedEx) 1300

N/A N/A

2" and 4" disposable bailer

ES028 (RH-HDMW2253-03-GW23)

1040

M. Solmssen, S. Fineran

(4) - 40 mL VOAs, (3) - 1 L amber bottle, (1) - 500 mL polyethylene bottle

Alconox, triple rinse with distilled water

APPL, Inc. SF, VD

1,575 ft bTOC S.Fineran, M. Solmssen

Sunny

N/A 2" and 4" disposable bailer

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOG

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility 1022-015

207.67 ft bTOC 4/21/2011 0925

HDMW2253-03
Appendix C 

Laboratory Analytical Results, 

April 2011 (on CD-ROM)