Formal Recommendation 

From: National Organic Standards Board (NOSB)

To: the National Organic Program (NOP)

Date: October 25, 2019

Subject: Fatty Alcohols (C6, C8, C10, C12 Naturally Derived Fatty Alcohol/MASCOL80)

NOSB Chair: Harriet Behar

The NOSB hereby recommends to the NOP the following:

Rulemaking Action: X

Statement of the Recommendation: 

The NOSB recommends adding fatty alcohols to the National list with the annotation “for sucker control 

on organic tobacco crops”. 

Rationale Supporting Recommendation:

The review and subsequent denial of the fatty alcohol petition at the Fall 2017 NOSB was based on

several issues. First, the uses requested for the petitioned material were broad and extended beyond 

the limited use for tobacco desuckering. Since other uses for the petitioned material were not allowed 

by the Environmental Protection Agency, the board was faced with either adding an annotation to the 

listing or denying the petition. Secondly, the petition was not clear as to which fatty alcohols were being 

requested. The petition contained reference to multiple materials, including inerts, and did not specify 

the range of fatty alcohols being requested. Thirdly, there was little evidence provided for essentiality to 

organic production. The Board received few comments indicating that this material was essential for 

organic tobacco production. The Board was also not aware that fatty alcohols had been approved by 

some certifiers and not by others and that some growers were already using this material. 

During review of the current petition several of these issues have been addressed. First, the current 

petition is limited to the use of fatty alcohols for organic tobacco production. Secondly, the fatty 

alcohols being requested are clearly specified and match those available in the products previously 

allowed by some certifiers. Thirdly, the Board received numerous comments noting the essentiality of 

this material to organic tobacco growers. Numerous tobacco growers testified that without this 

material they would be unable to produce organic tobacco and would most likely drop their organic 

certification, including the certification for crops they use in rotation with tobacco. Several commenters 

noted that desuckering was a job their workers strongly disliked and that their workers have 

commented favorably on the use of fatty alcohols over manual desuckering. The justifications for 

essentiality included:

• Other currently available materials are ineffective or sporadically effective whereas fatty 

alcohols are effective and reliable.

• Manual desuckering involves numerous passes through the fields and exposes workers 

to the potential for nicotine poisoning and numerous health issues. The use of fatty 

alcohols prevents this exposure and is necessary to protect human health. 

• The suckers on tobacco plants provide habitat for aphids and increase the susceptibility 

of the plant to other pests. Desuckering the plants reduces pest pressure.
A minority opinion was expressed that this material is only being requested for economic reasons since 

manual desuckering (while being more expensive) is possible. The minority opinion noted that the 

foundation of organic agriculture is predicated on using natural, manual, mechanical, and cultural 

controls over synthetic materials. In many cases, this means utilizing hand labor and is part of why 

organic receives a price premium. Labor saving and greater economic returns are insufficient criteria for 

adding a synthetic material to the National List.

 

Despite the minority opinion, the full NOSB board voted to approve adding this material to the National 

List. Since fatty alcohols occur naturally throughout the plant world, break down readily after use, help 

to prevent worker exposure to tobacco poisoning, and reduce insect problems, the NOSB found that 

they are compatible with a system of sustainable agriculture.

This petition and the NOSB review were limited to sucker control on organic tobacco. For that reason 

the NOSB finds that this material must be annotated for use only on organic tobacco for sucker control. 

The NOSB recommends adding fatty alcohols to the National list with the annotation “for sucker control 

on organic tobacco crops”. 

NOSB Vote 

Classification Motion: 

Motion to classify Fatty Alcohols C6, C8, C10, C12 Naturally Derived Fatty Alcohol as synthetic.

Motion by: Jesse Buie

Seconded by: Harriet Behar

Yes: 13 No: 0 Abstain: 0 Absent: 1 Recuse: 0 

National List Motion:

Motion to add Fatty Alcohols C6, C8, C10, C12 Naturally Derived Fatty Alcohol at 205.601 for sucker 

control on organic tobacco crops.

Motion by: Jesse Buie

Seconded by: Rick Greenwood

Yes: 8 No: 3 Abstain: 2 Absent: 1 Recuse: 0

Motion passed
National Organic Standards Board

Crops Subcommittee

Petitioned Material Proposal

C6, C8, C10, C12 Naturally Derived Fatty Alcohol/MASCOL80

July 16, 2019

Summary of Petition 

A petition requesting the addition of revised active ingredient C6, C8, C10, C12 naturally derived fatty 

alcohol was received by the NOSB in December 2018 to be added to section §205.601(k) of the National 

List. The Petition asks for the substance to be annotated for “sucker control on organic tobacco crops”. 

The petitioner has made numerous revisions to the original petition (2015). According to Dr. Clarissa 

Matthews, “the original petition was for use in tobacco and other crops, contained reference to multiple 

materials including inerts, and did not specify the range of fatty alcohols in the material MASCOL80. The 

re-petition as revised specifies use on tobacco only, clarifies material being petitioned, and includes the 

full range of alcohols (i.e., C6-C12) in MASCOL80.”

The NOSB’s Formal recommendation on November 2, 2017 to the NOP, stated among other issues, the 

use of a synthetic growth regulator is not compatible with a system of sustainable and organic 

agriculture. The re-petition specifies the need of this synthetic growth regulator on organic tobacco for 

sucker control. There could be a human health concern caused by exposure to nicotine when hand 

suckering. The NOSB also received a petitioned signed by many tobacco farmers, stating they need this 

material, which had been allowed by a few organic certifiers in the past. Growing organic tobacco can be 

one organic crop in a longer crop rotation. Some producers have stated if this material is not approved, 

they may choose to no longer grow the other crops organically on their farms.

The NOSB will review the action of fatty alcohols as a synthetic growth regulator and its compatibility 

with a system of sustainable and organic agriculture. Currently, EPA’s registration for this material is 

limited to use on tobacco and the technical review received by the NOSB only discussed fatty alcohols 

for the EPA registered use. 

Category: Synthetic Substance Allowed for Use in Organic Crop Production 

NOP Reference: 205.601 Synthetic Substance Allowed for use in Organic Crop Production. 

NOP Section: 205.601(k)(2) - As a Plant Growth Regulator 

Requested Annotation: For sucker control in organic tobacco production

Category 1: Classification 

1. For CROP use: This substance is Synthetic.

 Is the substance formulated or manufactured by a process that chemically changes a substance 

extracted from naturally occurring plant, animal, or mineral sources? [OFPA §6502(21)] If so, 

describe, using NOP 5033-1 as a guide. 

Fatty alcohols can be produced from natural fats from plants or animals, or from petroleum 

sources. In either case, chemical changes are required to produce fatty alcohols.
2. Reference to appropriate OFPA category:

Is the substance used in production, and does it contain an active synthetic ingredient in the 

following categories: [§6517(c)(1)(B)(i)]; copper and sulfur compounds; toxins derived from 

bacteria; pheromones, soaps, horticultural oils, fish emulsions, treated seed, vitamins and 

minerals; livestock parasiticides and medicines and production aids including netting, tree wraps 

and seals, insect traps, sticky barriers, row covers, and equipment cleansers; or (ii) is used in 

production and contains synthetic inert ingredients that are not classified by the Administrator

of the Environmental Protection Agency as inerts of toxicological concern?

Fatty alcohols do not fall into any of the OFPA categories. Fatty alcohols produced as a mixture 

of four aliphatic alcohols are not considered inert by the Environmental Protection Agency nor 

are they included in List 4. Fatty alcohols may be registered with the EPA only for tobacco sucker 

control. N-decyl alcohol (decanol) and n-octyl alcohol (octanol) are individually approved by the 

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for food and non-food use as solvents or co-solvents.

Category 2: Adverse Impacts 

1. What is the potential for the substance to have detrimental chemical interactions with other 

materials used in organic farming systems? 

There appears to be no known detrimental chemical interactions between fatty alcohols and 

other materials used in organic farming systems. Mineral oil, cooking oil or paraffin oil are 

currently the only topping and suckering substances used by organic crop producers and there is 

no proven adverse impact with these substances.

2. What is the toxicity and mode of action of the substance and of its breakdown products or any 

contaminants, and their persistence and areas of concentration in the environment? 

[§6518(m)(2)]

The log Kow is an indicator of a chemical’s tendency to bioaccumulate. The TR reports log Kow’s 

for octanal and decanol at 3.15 and 4.57 respectively, which are moderately low. The TR also 

notes that linear fatty alcohols in general are easily biodegradable.

3. Describe the probability of environmental contamination during manufacture, use, misuse or 

disposal of such substance? [§6518(m)(3)]

According to the Safer Choice determination of the EPA, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol and 

the C6-C12 alcohols are expected to be of low concern for environmental contamination based 

on experimental and modeled data. Linear fatty alcohols in general are easily biodegradable. 

The solubility of fatty alcohols in water decreases with an increasing C-chain length. Fatty 

alcohols possess only moderate acute toxicity for aquatic organisms. In general, in their range of 

water solubility no toxic effects are observed. 

The fatty alcohols from both natural and manufactured sources represent a low risk for 

environmental contamination.

4. Discuss the effect of the substance on human health. 

There is no evidence to suggest that the aliphatic alcohols cause increased susceptibility to 

health problems in infants and children. Based on the results of the available studies, no 

endpoints of toxicological concern have been identified for human health risk assessment 
purposes. The EPA concluded that there are no human risks of concern for aliphatic alcohols (TR 

lines 396 – 399).

5. Discuss any effects the substance may have on biological and chemical interactions in the 

agroecosystem, including the physiological effects of the substance on soil organisms (including 

the salt index and solubility of the soil), crops and livestock. [§6518(m)(5)] 

When fatty alcohols are applied to tobacco plants for suckering with a surfactant such as tween 

80, an average residue of 1.6 parts per million (ppm) of the applied fatty alcohols and 1.0 ppm of 

the surfactant remain on the cured leaves. Over 7000 ppm of naturally occurring fatty alcohols 

are also present in and on the cured leaves. Fatty alcohols induce a low incidence of 

polynucleate root tip cells or root tip cells with fragmented nuclei. The fatty alcohols are 

produced naturally, in all living organisms, from bacteria to man, and thus, are widely present 

throughout the natural world. In any agro-ecosystem, fatty alcohols will be present from natural 

sources. The introduction of C6-C12 fatty alcohols for topping and suckering may produce short 

term toxicity to many organisms in the range of 1-100 milligrams/liter, however; because the 

application rate is intermittent, and biodegradability and removal rate are high for this 

substance no readily observable effects occur in the agroecosystem (TR lines 342-352).

6. Are there any adverse impacts on biodiversity? (§205.200) 

Fatty alcohols are chemicals that naturally occur in all plants and animals. They are known for 

their high level of biodegradability in the environments. Their derivative products are 

additionally designed to rapidly degrade after use and are not considered endocrine disrupters.

Category 3: Alternatives/Compatibility 

1. Are there alternatives to using the substance? Evaluate alternative practices as well as nonsynthetic and synthetic available materials. [§6518(m)(6)]

Topping may be done by hand or with special machines that cut the flower heads and sacrifice a 

few leaves. Topping requires two or three trips over the field to catch all the plants. Suckers 

can be removed by hand as well as stunted by carefully applying approved soybean oil or 

mineral oil to the top of the plant. Topping and suckering are the most time-consuming tasks 

associated with growing organic tobacco and may be necessary every week for 10 weeks.

One issue with suckering and topping is tobacco toxicity to workers performing the task. 

Tobacco is well documented as having negative human health effects (i.e. cancer, heart attack, 

lung disease) when in contact with skin or mucous membranes. Workers in contact with 

tobacco plants may also experience nausea and other health concerns from tobacco poisoning.

2. In balancing the responses to the criteria above, is the substance compatible with a system of 

sustainable agriculture? [§6518(m)(7)]

The review and subsequent denial of the fatty alcohol petition at the Fall 2017 NOSB revolved 

around several issues. First, the uses requested for the petitioned material were broad and 

extended beyond the limited use for tobacco desuckering. Since other uses for the petitioned 

material were not allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the board was faced with 

either adding an annotation to the listing or denying the petition. Secondly, the petition was 

not clear as to which fatty alcohols were being requested. The petition contained reference to 

multiple materials including inerts, and did not specify the range of fatty alcohols being 
requested. Thirdly, there was little evidence provided for essentiality to organic production in 

the original petition. The Board received few comments noting that this material was essential 

for organic tobacco production. The Board was also not aware that fatty alcohols had been 

approved by some certifiers and not by others and that some growers were already using this 

material. 

During review of the current petition several of these issues have been addressed. First, the 

current petition is limited to the use of fatty alcohols for organic tobacco production. Secondly, 

the fatty alcohols being requested are clearly spelled out and match those available in the 

products previously allowed by some certifiers. Thirdly, the Board received numerous 

comments during the Spring 2019 Board meeting noting the essentiality of this material to 

organic tobacco growers. These comments were received even though the material was not on 

the meeting agenda. Numerous tobacco growers noted that without this material, they would 

be unable to produce organic tobacco and would most likely drop their organic certification, 

including the certification for crops they use in rotation with tobacco. The reasons for 

essentiality included:

• Other currently available materials are ineffective or sporadically effective whereas fatty 

alcohols are effective and reliable.

• Manual desuckering involves numerous passes through the fields and exposes workers 

to the potential for tobacco poisoning and numerous health issues. The use of fatty 

alcohols prevents this exposure and is necessary to protect human health.

• The suckers on tobacco plants provide habit for aphids and increase the susceptibility of 

the plant to other pests. Desuckering the plants reduces pest pressure.

The crops subcommittee is well aware of the negative impacts on human health of tobacco use. 

However, tobacco is a legal crop and a crop eligible for organic certification. Like any other 

material reviewed for use on organic crops, the committee is limiting our review to whether the 

material meets the criteria necessary for adding it to the National List as a crop production aid. 

Since fatty alcohols occur naturally throughout the plant world, break down readily after use, 

help to prevent worker exposure to tobacco poisoning, and reduce insect problems, they are 

compatible with a system of sustainable agriculture.

Minority opinion:

During its Fall 2017 board meeting, the NOSB determined that the use of a synthetic plant growth 

regulator for sucker control of tobacco is not compatible with a system of organic agriculture. Following 

the re-petition of this material, the NOSB heard from numerous organic tobacco farmers in the spring of 

2019 who rely on this material. While the testimony provided by growers was compelling and included 

worker health concerns and some associated pest prevention benefits, the primary reason for the 

petition of this material is to enable greater economic returns. 

The TR for this material notes that fatty alcohols do not fall into any of the OFPA 

categories. Additionally, it states:

"The aim of sucker control is to focus the plant’s energy into filling the leaves rather than growing the 

flower. Because tobacco sells by weight, heavier leaves are favored economically. In organic tobacco 

production, early topping to improve yield and quality is usually done by hand. Suckers can be removed 

by hand as well as stunted by carefully applying approved soybean oil or mineral oil to the top of the 

plant." (TR Lines 494-498) 
Although manual control is clearly more expensive, the same can be said for manual sucker removal on 

tomatoes, for example, a task that requires weekly labor during the growing season. Allowing fatty 

alcohols to replace manual practices in tobacco would have the effect of subsidizing tobacco with a 

synthetic material over a crop like tomatoes, where similar hand removal of suckers is often required.

The foundation of organic agriculture is predicated on using natural, manual, mechanical, and cultural 

controls over synthetic materials. In many cases, this means utilizing hand labor and is part of why 

organic receives a price premium. Labor saving and greater economic returns are insufficient criteria for 

adding a synthetic material to the National List. 

Classification Motion: 

Motion to classify fatty alcohols C6, C8, C10, C12 naturally derived fatty alcohol as synthetic.

Motion by: Jesse Buie

Seconded by: Harriet Behar

Yes: 7 No: 0 Abstain: 0 Absent: 1 Recuse: 0 

National List Motion:

Motion to add fatty alcohols C6, C8, C10, C12 Naturally Derived Fatty Alcohol at 205.601 for 

sucker control on organic tobacco crops.

Motion by: Jesse Buie

Seconded by: Rick Greenwood

Yes: 4 No: 2 Abstain: 1 Absent: 1 Recuse: 0

Approved by Steve Ela, Crop Subcommittee Chair, to transmit to NOSB August 14, 2019