Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-1

15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Human health benchmarks are required by the Human Health Risk Module to evaluate

human health effects that may result from exposure to chemicals released to the environment

from WMUs. Benchmarks are used in the Human Health Risk Module to evaluate exposure

through the following pathways:

# Ingestion of water

# Ingestion of food products (i.e., beef, milk, fruits, and vegetables)

# Ingestion of fish

# Ingestion of soil

# Inhalation of ambient air

# Inhalation of air during showering.

This section describes the identification of human health benchmarks used.

15.1 Parameters Collected

The human health benchmarks used by the 3MRA modeling system are oral reference

doses (RfDs), inhalation reference concentrations (RfCs), oral cancer slope factors (CSFs), and

inhalation CSFs. The benchmarks are chemical-specific. Human health benchmarks are applied

nationally and do not vary by site or region. The human health benchmarks do not vary between

receptors (i.e., residents, home gardeners, farmers, and recreational fishers) or age groups.

15.2 Data Sources

The following sources provide the human health benchmarks used for constituents in the

Human Risk Module:

 

# Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

# Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST)

# Superfund Technical Support Center

# Various other U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criteria documents

# Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

# California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA).

IRIS is an EPA electronic database containing information on human health effects (U.S.

EPA, 1999a). Each chemical file contains descriptive and quantitative information on potential

health effects. Health benchmarks for chronic noncarcinogenic health effects include RfDs and

RfCs. Cancer classifications, oral CSFs, and oral and inhalation unit risk factors (URFs) are
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-2

included for carcinogenic effects. IRIS is the official repository of EPA-wide consensus human

health risk information. 

HEAST is a listing of provisional noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health benchmarks

(RfDs, RfCs, CSFs, and URFs) derived by the U.S. EPA (1997). Although the health

benchmarks in HEAST have undergone review, they are not recognized as Agency-wide

consensus information and have not been updated since 1997.

The Superfund Technical Support Center (EPA’s National Center for Environmental

Assessment) (U.S. EPA, n.d.) derives provisional RfCs, RfDs, CSFs, and URFs for certain

chemicals. These health benchmarks can be found in NCEA risk assessment issue papers. 

These values have not undergone EPA’s formal review process and, therefore, do not represent

verified EPA benchmarks. EPA also may derive health benchmark values in other risk

assessment documents such as Health Assessment Documents (HADs), Health Effect

Assessments (HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects Profiles (HEEPs), Health and

Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs), Drinking Water Criteria Documents (DWCDs),

and Ambient Water Quality Criteria Documents (AWQCDs). Evaluations of potential

carcinogenicity of chemicals in support of reportable quantity adjustments have been published

by EPA’s Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) and may include cancer potency factor

estimates. Health benchmark values identified in these EPA documents are not recognized as

Agency-wide consensus information, however. EPA also has established toxicity equivalency

factors (TEFs) to calculate CSFs for some dioxin-like compounds and polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons (PAHs) (U.S. EPA, 1993, 1998).

The ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) are substance-specific health guidance levels

for noncarcinogenic endpoints. An MRL is an estimate of the daily human exposure to a

hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health

effects over a specified exposure duration. MRLs are derived for acute, intermediate, and

chronic exposure durations for oral and inhalation routes of exposure. Inhalation and oral MRLs

are similar to EPA’s RfCs and RfDs, respectively; however, MRLs are intended to serve as

screening levels. MRLs are available on ATSDR’s web site, but are detailed in individual

ATSDR Toxicological Profiles.

CalEPA has developed unit risk and cancer potency factors for chemicals regulated under

California’s Hot Spots Air Toxics program (CalEPA, 1995, 1999a). Cancer potency factors,

analogous to EPA’s oral and inhalation CSFs, are described in Air Toxics Hot Spots Program

Risk Assessment Guidelines: Part II. Technical Support Document for Describing Available

Cancer Potency Factors (CalEPA, 1999a). This document, as well as a list of additional cancer

potency factors, is available on CalEPA’s web site. CalEPA also has developed a number of

TEFs for PAHs (see Benzo[a]pyrene as a Toxic Air Contaminant, Part B, Health Assessment

[CalEPA, 1994]).

CalEPA also has developed chronic inhalation reference exposure levels (RELs),

analogous to U.S. EPA’s RfCs, for 120 substances (CalEPA, 1997, 1999b). CalEPA used U.S.

EPA’s 1994 inhalation dosimetry methodology to derive inhalation RELs. The inhalation RELs

are available in the following two documents: Technical Support Document for the

Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (Draft for Public Review,
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-3

CalEPA, 1997) and Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines: Part III. 

Technical Support Document for the Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure

Levels (SRP Draft, CalEPA, 1999b). The unit risk, cancer potency factors, and inhalation RELs

have undergone internal peer review by various California agencies and have been the subject of

public comment.

15.3 Methodology

Agency and alternative health benchmarks were sought for 467 chemical constituents. 

These chemicals are those covered by the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR), which

represents a fairly inclusive list of chemicals of potential concern. All identified human health

benchmarks were maintained in a database. A hierarchy was established to select human health

benchmarks from available sources. EPA benchmarks were preferred over non-Agency values

in the following order: 

# IRIS

# HEAST

# EPA TEFs

# Superfund Technical Support Center

# Various other EPA criteria documents.

For constituents lacking Agency benchmarks, alternative benchmarks or toxicological

data were sought. Alternative human health benchmarks were identified and maintained in the

database; however, no alternative benchmarks were used for the test constituents pending

evaluation of their appropriateness. Alternative human health benchmarks used to fill data gaps

included (in the following order):

# ATSDR MRLs

# CalEPA cancer potency factors and chronic RELs

# CalEPA TEFs

# Additional TEFs (Nisbet and LaGoy 1992)

# Values derived by Research Triangle Institute for Office of Solid Waste (OSW)

programs.

Because human health benchmark values must reflect ongoing Agency workgroup

activities as well as other major benchmark reviews, the database will be updated at regular

intervals prior to use in the Human Risk Module to reflect any changes that have occurred since

its initial development.

If inhalation CSFs were not available, then they were converted from URFs using the

following equation:

inhal CSF (mg/kg/d)-1 = inhal URF (:g/m3

)

-1 x 70 kg x 1,000 :g/mg ÷ 20 m3

/d (15-1)
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-4

where

70 kg = default adult human body weight

20 m3/d = default adult human daily rate of inhalation

1,000 :g = 1 mg.

Cancer slope factors for some dioxin-like compounds and PAHs were calculated by using

the toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) approach. For the TEF approach, the toxicity of a group of

chemically related constituents that typically occur in the environment as mixtures is based on

estimates of the toxic potency of each constituent as compared with a reference compound

within the group. TEF estimates are based on a knowledge of the mechanism of action, available

experimental data, and other structure-activity information. TEFs have been established for a

number of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated

biphenyl (PCB) congeners thought to have dioxin-like toxicity (Ahlborg et al., 1994; Nisbet and

LaGoy, 1992; U.S. EPA, 1998). TEFs for several PAHs also have been established (CalEPA,

1994; U.S. EPA, 1993).

15.3.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

All human health benchmark values identified from EPA or non-EPA sources that have

been entered into the database have undergone extensive quality assurance/quality control

(QA/QC) review. Additional entries and revisions to the database will receive the same level of

QA/QC review (e.g., verification by an independent reviewer).

15.4 Results

Currently, only EPA-derived human health benchmarks (e.g., IRIS, HEAST, EPA TEFs),

are used. Table 15A-1 (see Appendix 15A) summarizes the EPA-derived RfDs, RfCs, oral

CSFs, and inhalation CSFs available for the 467 chemical constituents. RfDs are provided for

individual ingestion exposure pathways: foods other than fish (labeled “food,” i.e., fruits,

vegetables, beef, and milk), soil, water, and fish. Oral CSFs are provided for food (i.e., all foods

including fish), soil, and water ingestion exposure pathways. RfCs and inhalation CSFs are

provided for the inhalation exposure pathway. The distinction between food and fish results

from a few constituents (e.g., mercury) having different toxicity values for fish and for foods

other than fish. For most constituents, a single oral RfD and/or oral CSF is applied for the

ingestion of food, fish, soil, and water.

Tables 15A-2, 15A-3, 15A-4, and 15A-5 present all identified human health benchmarks

for the 467 chemical constituents. Table 15A-2 presents all available EPA-derived and

alternative oral noncancer benchmarks (i.e., EPA RfDs and ATSDR oral MRLs). EPA RfDs are

provided for food (other than fish), water, and fish ingestion pathways. Sources of the EPAderived benchmarks (e.g., IRIS, HEAST) accompany each value. Table 15A-3 presents all

available oral cancer benchmarks (i.e., EPA oral CSFs, CalEPA oral CSFs, and TEFs). EPA

CSFs are provided for food and water ingestion pathways. Some CSFs were calculated using

EPA-derived TEFs. All available inhalation noncancer benchmarks (i.e., EPA RfCs, ATSDR

inhalation MRLs, CalEPA inhalation RELs, and provisional RfCs derived for the 1999 Air

Characteristic Study) are presented in Table 15A-4. All available inhalation cancer benchmarks
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-5

(i.e., EPA inhalation CSFs, EPA inhalation URFs, CalEPA inhalation CSFs, and CalEPA

inhalation URFs) are presented in Table 15A-5. Some inhalation CSFs were calculated from

URFs.

15.5 Issues and Uncertainties

Uncertainties generally associated with human health benchmarks are discussed in detail

in EPA’s Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1996), Methods for

Derivation of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Dosimetry

(U.S. EPA, 1994), and IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1999a). EPA defines the RfD (or RfC) as “an estimate

(with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human

population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without appreciable risk of

deleterious effects during a lifetime” (U.S. EPA, 1994, 1999a). RfDs and RfCs are based on an

assumption of lifetime exposure and may not be appropriate when applied to less-than-lifetime

exposure situations (U.S. EPA, 1999a). The CSF is an upper-bound estimate of the human

cancer risk per mg of chemical per kg body weight per day. The unit risk, which is calculated

from the slope factor, is an estimate in terms of the risk per :g/L drinking water or the risk per

:g/m3 air concentration (U.S. EPA, 1999a). 

Uncertainty and variability in the toxicological and epidemiological data from which

RfDs and RfCs are derived are accounted for by applying uncertainty factors. Some of these

uncertainties include those associated with extrapolation from animals to humans, from lowestobserved-adverse-effect-levels (LOAELs) to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAELs), and

from subchronic to chronic data and to account for sensitive subpopulations. These uncertainties

are discussed further in the source documents (e.g., IRIS) of the individual human health

benchmarks.

Human health benchmarks in IRIS have been subjected to rigorous internal and external

reviews and represent Agency-wide consensus human health risk information. The health

benchmarks in HEAST have not undergone as rigorous a review as those in IRIS and do not

represent Agency-wide consensus information. Provisional human health benchmarks identified

in other EPA documents (e.g., HEA or HEEP) or derived by the Superfund Technical Support

Center have not undergone EPA’s formal review process and, therefore, do not represent verified

EPA benchmarks. 

In addition to the strength of the review process, confidence in human health benchmarks

(EPA or non-EPA) also can be associated with the date the benchmarks were derived (or last

reviewed). Additional toxicological data become available and, subsequently, the database

becomes more complete. Methodologies evolve over time, with improvements in existing

methods (e.g., EPA’s 1994 RfC methodology) and the development of new health benchmark

practices (e.g., benchmark dose methodology).

Currently, only EPA-derived human health benchmarks are being used in the analysis. 

ATSDR and CalEPA human health benchmarks have been subject to expert scientific and public

review. Alternative benchmarks, such as ATSDR MRLs and CalEPA RELs and cancer potency

factors, offer a valuable opportunity to model both exposure pathways (i.e., oral and inhalation)

and/or additional constituents.
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-6

15.6 References

Ahlborg, U. G., G. C. Becking, L. S. Birnbaum, A. Brouwer, H. J. G. M. Derks, M. Feeley, G.

Golor, A. Hanberg, J. C. Larsen, A. K. D. Liem, S. H. Safe, C. Schlatter, F. Waern, M.

Younes, and E. Yrjanheikki. 1994. Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs.

Chemosphere, 28(6):1049-1067.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Various years. Toxicological

Profiles. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services, Atlanta, GA.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Benzo[a]pyrene as a Toxic Air

Contaminant. California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board and

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Berkley, CA. pp. 1-23. July.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. "California cancer potency

factors: update." Memorandum to Boards and Office Cal/EPA Departments (California

Environmental Protection Agency) from Standards and Criteria Work Group (California

Environmental Protection Agency). Available online at

http://www.calepa.cahwnet.gov/oehha/docs/covrltrb.htm. April 4.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Technical Support Document for

the Determination of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. (Draft). California

Environmental Protection Agency, Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Office of

Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Berkeley, CA. Available online at

http://www.calepa.cahwnet.gov/oehha/docs/rels/getrels.htm. October.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1999a. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program

Risk Assessment Guidelines. Part II: Technical Support Document for Describing

Available Cancer Potency Factors. California Environmental Protection Agency, Air

Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard

Assessment, Oakland, CA. Available online at

http://www.oehha.org/scientific/hsca2.htm. April.

CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 1999b. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program

Risk Assessment Guidelines. Part III: Technical Support Document for the Determination

of Noncancer Chronic Reference Exposure Levels. (SRP Draft). California

Environmental Protection Agency, Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Office of

Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA. Available online at

http://www.oehha.org/hotspots/RAGSII.html. May.

Nisbet, Ian C. T., and Peter K. LaGoy. 1992. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 16:290-300.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Provisional Guidance for Quantitative

Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. EPA/600/R-93/089. U.S.
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-7

Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office

of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. July.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Methods for Derivation of Inhalation

Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Dosimetry. EPA/600/8-90/066F.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,

Office of Research and Development and Office of Health and Environmental

Assessment, Washington, DC. October.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1996. Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk

Assessment. EPA/600/P-92/003C. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of

Research and Development, Washington, DC. April.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Health Effects Assessment Summary

Tables. FY 1997 Update. EPA-540-R-97-036. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH. July 31.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. The U.S. EPA TEF Values. National

Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Website at

http://www.epa.gov/ncea/dchem.htm and http://www.epa.gov/nceawww1/dchem.htm.

February 10.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1999a. Integrated Risk Information System

(IRIS). National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and

Development, Washington, DC. Website at http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1999b. Revised Risk Assessment for the Air

Characteristic Study. Volume II. Technical Background Document. EPA530-R-99-019b.

Prepared by Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared for Office

of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. August.

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). n.d. Risk Assessment Issue Papers. (Draft). U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Technical Support Center, National Center

for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), Cincinnati, OH.
Section 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-8

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Appendix 15A Human Health Benchmarks

15-9

Appendix 15A

Human Health Benchmarks

Table 15A-1. Human Health Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11

Table 15A-2. Available Oral Noncancer Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-30

Table 15A-3. Available Oral Cancer Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-47

Table 15A-4. Available Inhalation Noncancer Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-63

Table 15A-5. Available Inhalation Cancer Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-81
Appendix 15A Human Health Benchmarks

15-10

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Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-11

Table 15A-1. Summary of Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

A2123 [Ethanimidothioic acid,

2-(dimethylamino) -N-hydroxy2-oxo-,methyl ester]

30558-43-1

Acenaphthene 83-32-9 0.06 0.06 0.06

Acenaphthylene 208-96-8

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 0.009 0.0077

Acetone 67-64-1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Acetonitrile 75-05-8 0.06

Acetophenone 98-86-2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Acetyl chloride 75-36-5

Acetyl-2-thiourea, 1- 591-08-2

Acetylaminofluorene, 2- 53-96-3

Acrolein 107-02-8 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00002

Acrylamide 79-06-1 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 4.5 4.5 4.5

Acrylic acid 79-10-7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.001

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.54 0.54 0.24

Aflatoxins 1402-68-2

Aldicarb 116-06-3 0.001 0.001 0.001

Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4 0.001 0.001 0.001

Aldrin 309-00-2 0.00003 0.00003 0.00003 17 17 17

Allyl alcohol 107-18-6 0.005 0.005 0.005

Allyl chloride 107-05-1 0.001

Aminobiphenyl,4- 92-67-1

Aminomethyl-3-isoxazolol,5- 2763-96-4

Aminopyridine, 4- 504-24-5 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002

Amitrole 61-82-5

Aniline 62-53-3 0.001 0.0057 0.0057

Anthracene 120-12-7 0.3 0.3 0.3

Antimony 7440-36-0 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0002

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-12

Aramite 140-57-8 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.025 0.025 0.025

Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 1.5 1.5 15

Auramine 492-80-8

Auramine O (Auramine

hydrochloride)

2465-27-2

Azaserine 115-02-6

Barban 101-27-9

Barium 7440-39-3 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.0005

Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

Bendiocarb phenol 22961-82-6

Benomyl 17804-35-2 0.05 0.05 0.05

Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3 0.73 0.73

Benz(c)acridine 225-51-4

Benzal chloride 

[Dichloromethyl benzene]

98-87-3

Benzene 71-43-2 0.029 0.029 0.029

Benzidine 92-87-5 0.003 0.003 0.003 230 230 230

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 7.3 7.3

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2 0.73 0.73

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 205-82-3

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9 0.073 0.073

Benzoquinone, p- 106-51-4

Benzotrichloride 98-07-7 13 13

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 0.3 0.3 0.3

Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 0.17 0.17

Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 2.0E-05 8.4

Bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.035

Bis (chloromethyl) ether 542-88-1 220 220 220

Bis(2-chlorethyl)ether 111-44-4 1.1 1.1 1.1

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-13

Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 

[2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane)]

108-60-1 0.07 0.07 0.035

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.014 0.014

Bis-(pentamethylene)-thiuram

tetrasulfide

120-54-7

Bromoacetone 598-31-2

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.062 0.062

Bromoform 75-25-2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.0079 0.0079 0.0039

Bromophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 101-55-3

Brucine 357-57-3

Butanol 71-36-3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec- 88-85-7 0.001 0.001 0.001

Butylate 2008-41-5 0.05 0.05 0.05

Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 0.0005 0.001 6.3

Carbaryl 63-25-2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Carbazole 86-74-8 0.02 0.02

Carbendazim 10605-21-7

Carbofuran 1563-66-2 0.005 0.005 0.005

Carbofuran phenol 1563-38-8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7

Carbon oxyfluoride 353-50-4

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.13 0.13 0.053

Carbosulfan 55285-14-8 0.01 0.01 0.01

Chloral 75-87-6 0.002 0.002 0.002

Chlorambucil 305-03-3

Chlordane 57-74-9 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 7.0E-04 0.35 0.35 1.3

Chlornaphazin 494-03-1

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- 126-99-8 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.007

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-14

Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0

Chloroaniline, p- 106-47-8 0.004 0.004 0.004

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.27 0.27

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.084 0.084

Chloroethane 75-00-3 10

Chloroethyl vinyl ether, 2- 110-75-8

Chloroform 67-66-3 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0061 0.0061 0.081

Chloro-m-cresol, p- 59-50-7

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107-30-2

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7 0.08 0.08 0.08

Chloro-o-toluidine

hydrochloride, 4-

3165-93-3 0.46 0.46

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8 0.005 0.005 0.005

Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 7005-72-3

Chlorophenyl thiourea, 1-o 5344-82-1

Chloropropionitrile, 3- 542-76-7

Chromium (total) 7440-47-3 see VI or III see VI or III see VI or III see VI 41

Chromium III (insoluble salts) 16065-83-1 1.5 1.5 1.5

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.0001 41

Chrysene 218-01-9 0.0073 0.0073

Citrus red No. 2 6358-53-8

Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.06 0.06 0.06 1.0E-05

Copper 7440-50-8

Copper

dimethyldithiocarbamate

137-29-1

Cresol, m- 108-39-4 0.05 0.05 0.05

Cresol, o- 95-48-7 0.05 0.05 0.05

Cresol, p- 106-44-5 0.005 0.005 0.005

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-15

Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3 1.9 1.9

Cumene 98-82-8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4

Cumenyl methylcarbamate, m- 64-00-6

Cyanide (amenable) 57-12-5 0.02 0.02 0.02

Cycasin 14901-08-7

Cycloate 1134-23-2

Cyclohexane 110-82-7

Cyclohexanone 108-94-1 5 5 5

Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2- 

(2,4-Dinitro-6-cyclohexylphenol

or Dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol)

131-89-5 0.002 0.002 0.002

Cyclophosphamide 50-18-0

Daunomycin 20830-81-3

Dazomet 533-74-4

DDD 72-54-8 0.24 0.24

DDD (o,p') 53-19-0

DDE 72-55-9 0.34 0.34

DDE (o,p') 3424-82-6

DDT (o,p') 789-02-6

DDT (p,p') 50-29-3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.34 0.34 0.34

Diallate 2303-16-4 0.061 0.061

Dibenz(a,h)acridine 226-36-8

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3 7.3 7.3

Dibenz(a,j)acridine 224-42-0

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 192-65-4

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 189-64-0

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 189-55-9

Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7H- 194-59-2

Dibenzofuran 132-64-9

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-16

Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- 96-12-8 0.0002 1.4 1.4 0.0024

Dichloro-2-butene, 1,4- 764-41-0 9.3

Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4- 110-57-6 9.3

Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3- 96-23-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 95-50-1 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.2

Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- 541-73-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 0.8 0.024 0.024

Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'- 91-94-1 0.45 0.45

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5

Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 0.091 0.091 0.091

Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 75-35-4 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.6 0.6 0.2

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2 0.01 0.01 0.01

Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5 0.02 0.02 0.02

Dichloromethoxy ethane 111-91-1

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2 0.003 0.003 0.003

Dichlorophenol, 2,6- 87-65-0

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,

2,4- (2,4-D)

94-75-7 0.01 0.01 0.01

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 0.004 0.068 0.068

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.02 0.18 0.18 0.13

Dichloropropene, cis-1,3- 10061-01-5 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.02 0.18 0.18 0.13

Dichloropropene, trans-1,3- 10061-02-6 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.02 0.18 0.18 0.13

Dieldrin 60-57-1 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 16 16 16

Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4- (2,2'-

bioxirane)

1464-53-5

Diethyl O-pyrazinyl

phosphorothiate, O,O297-97-2

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2 0.8 0.8 0.8

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-17

Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 5952-26-1

Diethylhydrazine, N,N- 1615-80-1

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 311-45-5

Diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1 4700 4700

Dihydrosafrole 94-58-6

Dimethoate 60-51-5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1

Dimethylamine 124-40-3

Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p- 60-11-7

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene,

7,12-

57-97-6

Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'- 119-93-7 9.2 9.2

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 79-44-7

Dimethylphenethyamine,

alpha-, alpha122-09-8

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9 0.02 0.02 0.02

Dimethyoxybenzidine, 3,3'- 119-90-4 0.014 0.014

Dimetilan 644-64-4

Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6- 534-52-1

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5 0.002 0.002 0.002

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.68 0.68

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.68 0.68

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0 0.02 0.02 0.02

Di-n-propylamine 

[Dipropylamine]

142-84-7

Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1 0.011 0.011

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-18

Diphenylamine 122-39-4 0.025 0.025 0.025

Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2- 122-66-7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Disulfiram [Tetraethylthiuram

disulfide]

97-77-8

Disulfoton 298-04-4 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004

Dithiobiuret 541-53-7

Endosulfan 115-29-7 0.006 0.006 0.006

Endosulfan I 959-98-8 0.006 0.006 0.006

Endosulfan II 33213-65-9 0.006 0.006 0.006

Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8

Endothall 145-73-3 0.02 0.02 0.02

Endrin 72-20-8 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4

Endrin ketone 53494-70-5

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.0099 0.0099 0.0042

Epinephrine 51-43-4

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2

Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 0.9 0.9 0.9

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 0.048 0.048

Ethyl carbamate 51-79-6

Ethyl cyanide (propionitrile) 107-12-0

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, S- 

[EPTC]

759-94-4 0.025 0.025 0.025

Ethyl ether 60-29-7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2 0.09 0.09 0.09

Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0 293 293

Ethyl Ziram 14324-55-1

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 0.1 0.1 0.1 1

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-

dibromoethane)

106-93-4 0.0002 85 85 0.76

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-19

Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 1.02 1.02 0.35

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 0.11 0.11

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,

salts and esters 

111-54-6

Ethyleneimine (aziridine) 151-56-4

Famphur 52-85-7

Ferbam 14484-64-1

Fluoracetamide, 2- 640-19-7

Fluoracetic acid, sodium salt 

(Sodium fluoroacetate)

62-74-8 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 0.04 0.04 0.04

Fluorene 86-73-7 0.04 0.04 0.04

Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.06 0.06 0.06

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.045

Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

Formic Acid 64-18-6 2.00 2.00 2.00

Formparanate 17702-57-7

Furan 110-00-9 0.001 0.001 0.001

Furancarbox-aldehyde, 2- 

(furfural)

98-01-1 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.05

Glycidylaldehyde 765-34-4 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.001

Heptachlor 76-44-8 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 4.5 4.5 4.5

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 0.000013 0.000013 0.000013 9.1 9.1 9.1

Heptachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-

67562-39-4 1500 1500 1500

Heptachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-

55673-89-7 1500 1500 1500

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-

35822-46-9 1500 1500 1500

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.078 0.078 0.078

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 1.6 1.6 1.6

Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-

(alpha-HCH)

319-84-6 6.3 6.3 6.3

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-20

Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-

(beta-HCH)

319-85-7 1.8 1.8 1.8

Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta

(delta-HCH)

319-86-8

Hexachlorocyclohexane,

gamma- (Lindane)

58-89-9 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 1.3 1.3

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.00007

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,7,8-

70648-26-9 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,6,7,8-

57117-44-9 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,7,8,9-

72918-21-9 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

2,3,4,6,7,8-

60851-34-5 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,7,8-

39227-28-6 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,6,7,8-

57653-85-7 15000 15000 15000

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,7,8,9-

19408-74-3 6200 6200 4550

Hexachloroethane 67-72-1 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.014 0.014 0.014

Hexachlorophene 70-30-4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Hexachloropropene 1888-71-7

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 757-58-4

Hexanone, 2- 591-78-6

Hydrazine (and hydrazine

sulfate); CAS and FR =

hydrazine only

302-01-2 3 3 17

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 193-39-5 0.73 0.73

Iodo-2-propynyl Nbutylcarbamate, 3-55406-53-6

Iodomethane 74-88-4

Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1 0.3 0.3 0.3

Isodrin 465-73-6

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-21

Isolan [Isopropyl methyl

pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate]

119-38-0

Isophorone 78-59-1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.00095 0.00095

Isosafrole 120-58-1

Kepone 143-50-0

Lasiocarpine 303-34-4

Lead 7439-92-1

Maleic anhydride 108-31-6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 0.5 0.5 0.5

Malononitrile 109-77-3 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002

Manganese

dimethyldithiocarbamate

15339-36-3

Melphalan 148-82-3

Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0003 0.0003 *MeHg 0.0003

Metam Sodium 137-42-8

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0007

Methanethiol [methyl

mercaptan]

74-93-1

Methanol 67-56-1 0.5 0.5 0.5

Methapyrilene 91-80-5

Methiocarb 2032-65-7

Methomyl 16752-77-5 0.025 0.025 0.025

Methoxychlor 72-43-5 0.005 0.005 0.005

Methyl bromide

(Bromomethane)

74-83-9 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.005

Methyl chloride

(Chloromethane)

74-87-3 0.3 0.013 0.013 0.0063

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 0.6 0.6 0.6 1

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4

Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-22

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 1.4 1.4 1.4 7.0E-01

Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3

Methyl parathion 298-00-0 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025

Methylaziridine, 2- 75-55-8

Methylcholanthrene, 3- 56-49-5 25.5 25.5

Methylene bromide 74-95-3 0.01 0.01 0.01

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 0.06 0.06 0.06 3 0.0075 0.0075 0.0016

Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline),

4,4'-

101-14-4 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.13 0.13 0.13

Methylnaphthalene, 2- 91-57-6

Methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine

(MNNG)

70-25-7

Methylthiouracil 56-04-2

Metolcarb 1129-41-5

Mexacarbate 315-18-4

Mitomycin C 50-07-7

Molinate 2212-67-1 0.002 0.002 0.002

Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.005 0.005 0.005

Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.003

Naphthoquinone, 1,4- 130-15-4

Naphthyl-2-thiourea, 1- 86-88-4

Naphthylamine, 1- 134-32-7

Naphthylamine, 2- 91-59-8

Nickel 7440-02-0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.84

Nicotine and salts 54-11-5

Nitroaniline, 2- 88-74-4 0.0002

Nitroaniline, 3- 99-09-2

Nitroaniline, 4- 100-01-6

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.002

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-23

Nitrogen mustard 55-86-7

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride

salt

51-75-2

Nitrogen mustard N- Oxide 126-85-2

Nitrogen mustard N-Oxide HCl

salt

302-70-5

Nitroglycerine 55-63-0

Nitro-o-toluidine, 5- (2-Methyl5-nitroaniline)99-55-8 0.033 0.033

Nitrophenol, 2- 88-75-5

Nitrophenol, 4- 100-02-7

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9 0.02 9.4

Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4- 56-57-5

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1116-54-7 2.8 2.8

N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5 150 150 150

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9 51 51 51

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3 5.4 5.4 5.4

N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 621-64-7 7 7

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6 0.0049 0.0049

N-Nitrosomethyl vinyl amine 4549-40-0

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10595-95-6 22 22

N-Nitrosomorpholine 59-89-2

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea 759-73-9 140 140

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 684-93-5

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane 615-53-2

N-Nitrosonomicotine 16543-55-8

N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4 37.5 37.5

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2 2.1 2.1 2.1

N-Nitrososarcosine 13256-22-9

N-Phenylthiourea 103-85-5

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-24

Octachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDF]

39001-02-0 150 150 150

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDD]

3268-87-9 150 150 150

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide 152-16-9 0.002 0.002 0.002

Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0

Oxamyl 23135-22-0 0.025 0.025 0.025

Paraldehyde 123-63-7

Parathion 56-38-2 0.006 0.006 0.006

Pebulate 1114-71-2 0.05 0.05 0.05

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Pentachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,7,8-

57117-41-6 7500 7500 7500

Pentachlorodibenzofuran,

2,3,4,7,8-

57117-31-4 75000 75000 75000

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,7,8-

40321-76-4 75000 75000 75000

Pentachloroethane 76-01-7

Pentachloronitrobenzene

(PCNB)

82-68-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.26 0.26

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.12 0.12

Pentadiene, 1,3- 504-60-9

Phenacetin 62-44-2

Phenanthrene 85-01-8

Phenol 108-95-2 0.6 0.6 0.6

Phenyl mercuric acetate 62-38-4 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008

Phenylenediamine, m- (1,3-) 108-45-2 0.006 0.006 0.006

Phenylenediamine, p- 106-50-3 0.19 0.19 0.19

Phenylenediamines (N.O.S.) 25265-76-3 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.047 0.047

Phorate 298-02-2 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-25

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-odiethyl ester298-06-6

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-odiethyl-s-methyl3288-58-2

Phosphorodithioic acid,

trimethyl ester

2953-29-9

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 2 2 2 0.12

Physostigmine 57-47-6

Physostigmine salicylate 57-64-7

Picoline, 2- 109-06-8

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

(Aroclors)

1336-36-3 0.00007 0.00007 0.00007 2 0.4 0.4

Potassium

dimethyldithiocarbamate

128-03-0

Potassium N-hydroxymethyl Nmethyldithiocarbamate51026-28-9

Potassium Nmethyldithiocarbamate137-41-7

Promecarb 2631-37-0

Pronamide 23950-58-5 0.075 0.075 0.075

Propane sulfone, 1,3- 1120-71-4

Propargyl alcohol (propyn-1-ol,

2-)

107-19-7 0.002 0.002 0.002

Propham 122-42-9 0.02 0.02 0.02

Propoxur [Baygon][2-(1-

Methylethoxy)-phenol,

methylcarbamate]

114-26-1 0.004 0.004 0.004

Propylamine, n- 107-10-8

Propylthiouracil 51-52-5

Prosulfocarb 52888-80-9

Pyrene 129-00-0 0.03 0.03 0.03

Pyridine 110-86-1 0.001 0.001 0.001

Reserpine 50-55-5

Resorcinol 108-46-3

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-26

Saccharin and salts 81-07-2

Safrole 94-59-7 0.18 0.18

Selenium 7782-49-2 0.005 0.005 0.005

Selenium, tetrakis-

(dimethyldithiocarbamate) 

[Selenium

dimethyldithiocarbamate]

144-34-3

Silver 7440-22-4 0.005 0.005 0.005 2.9E-02

Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 136-30-1

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5 0.27 0.27

Sodium

dimethyldithiocarbamate

128-04-1

Sodium fluoroacetate 62-74-8 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002

Streptozotocin 18883-66-4

Strychnine (and salts) 57-24-9 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Styrene 100-42-5 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

Sulfallate 95-06-7

Sulfide 18496-25-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001

TCDD, 2,3,7,8- 1746-01-6 150000 150000 150000

Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 1634-02-2

Tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide 

[Bis-(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)

sulfide]

97-74-5

Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- 95-94-3 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Tetrachlorodibenzofuran,

2,3,7,8- [2,3,7,8-TCDF]

51207-31-9 15000 15000 15000

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.026 0.026 0.026

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 0.2 0.2 0.2

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.052 0.052 0.002

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2 0.03 0.03 0.03

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-27

Tetraethyldithiopyro-phosphate 3689-24-5 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9

Thallium (I) 7440-28-0 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008

Thioacetamide 62-55-5

Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

Thiofanox 39196-18-4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8 0.08 0.08 0.08

Thiophenol (Benzenethiol) 108-98-5

Thiosemicarbizide 79-19-6

Thiourea 62-56-6

Thiram 137-26-8 0.005 0.005 0.005

Tin 7440-31-5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Tirpate 26419-73-8

Toluene 108-88-3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4- 584-84-9 7.0E-05

Toluene diisocyante, mixed

isomers [2,4- and 2,6-Toluene

diisocyanate mixture]

26471-62-5 7.0E-05

Toluenediamine, 2,4- 95-80-7 3.2 3.2

Toluenediamine, 2,6- 823-40-5 0.2 0.2 0.2

Toluenediamine, 3,4- 496-72-0

Toluidine hydrochloride, o- (2-

Methylaniline hydrochloride)

636-21-5 0.18 0.18

Toluidine, o- 95-53-4 0.24 0.24

Toluidine, p- 106-49-0 0.19 0.19

Toxaphene 8001-35-2 1.1 1.1 1.1

Triallate 2303-17-5 0.013 0.013 0.013

Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane,

1,1,2-

76-13-1 30 30 30 30

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.2

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-28

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 71-55-6 0.3 0.3 0.3 1

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.057 0.057 0.057

Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) 79-01-6 0.011 0.011 0.006

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7

Trichloromethanethiol 75-70-7

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 88-06-2 0.011 0.011 0.01

Trichlorophenoxy) propionic

acid, 2-(2,4,5- (Silvex)

93-72-1 0.008 0.008 0.008

Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid,

2,4,5- (245-T)

93-76-5 0.01 0.01 0.01

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4 0.006 0.006 0.006 7.0 7.0

Triethylamine 121-44-8 7.0E-03

Triethylphosphorothioate,

O,O,O126-68-1

Trinitrobenzene, sym- (1,3,5-) 99-35-4 0.03 0.03 0.03

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl)

phosphate

126-72-7

Tris(1-azridinyl) phosphine

sulfide

52-24-4

Trypan blue 72-57-1

Uracil mustard 66-75-1

Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.007 0.007 0.007

Vernolate [Vernam] 1929-77-7 0.001 0.001 0.001

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 1 1 1 0.2

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 1.90 1.90 0.30

Warfarin 81-81-2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Xylene, m- 108-38-3 2 2 2

Xylene, o- 95-47-6 2 2 2

Xylene, p- 106-42-3

Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7 2 2 2

(continued)
Table 15A-1. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfDs

used in HWIR

EPA RfCs

used in

HWIR

EPA oral

CSFs used

in HWIR

EPA inh

CSFs used

in HWIR

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfC air

(mg/m3)

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal CSF

- air

(mg/kg/d)-1

15-29

Zinc 7440-66-6 0.3 0.3 0.3

Ziram 137-30-4
Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-30

Table 15A-2. Available Oral Noncancer Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

A2123 [Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-

(dimethylamino) -N-hydroxy-2-oxo-

,methyl ester]

30558-43-1

Acenaphthene 83-32-9 0.06 0.06 0.06 IRIS 0.6

Acenaphthylene 208-96-8

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0

Acetone 67-64-1 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS 2

Acetonitrile 75-05-8

Acetophenone 98-86-2 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Acetyl chloride 75-36-5

Acetyl-2-thiourea, 1- 591-08-2

Acetylaminofluorene, 2- 53-96-3

Acrolein 107-02-8 0.02 0.02 0.02 HEAST 0.0005

Acrylamide 79-06-1 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 IRIS

Acrylic acid 79-10-7 0.5 0.5 0.5 IRIS

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 0.001 0.001 0.001 HEAST 0.1 0.01 0.04

Aflatoxins 1402-68-2

Aldicarb 116-06-3 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Aldrin 309-00-2 0.00003 0.00003 0.00003 IRIS 0.002 0.00003

Allyl alcohol 107-18-6 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS

Allyl chloride 107-05-1

Aminobiphenyl,4- 92-67-1

Aminomethyl-3-isoxazolol,5- 2763-96-4

Aminopyridine, 4- 504-24-5 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 HEAST

Amitrole 61-82-5

Aniline 62-53-3

Anthracene 120-12-7 0.3 0.3 0.3 IRIS 10

Antimony 7440-36-0 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 IRIS

Aramite 140-57-8 0.05 0.05 0.05 HEAST

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-31

Arsenic 7440-38-2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS 0.0003

Auramine 492-80-8

Auramine O (Auramine hydrochloride) 2465-27-2

Azaserine 115-02-6

Barban 101-27-9

Barium 7440-39-3 0.07 0.07 0.07 IRIS

Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

Bendiocarb phenol 22961-82-6

Benomyl 17804-35-2 0.05 0.05 0.05 IRIS

Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3

Benz(c)acridine 225-51-4

Benzal chloride [Dichloromethyl

benzene]

98-87-3

Benzene 71-43-2

Benzidine 92-87-5 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 205-82-3

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9

Benzoquinone, p- 106-51-4

Benzotrichloride 98-07-7

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 0.3 0.3 0.3 HEAST

Benzyl chloride 100-44-7

Beryllium 7440-41-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS

Bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9 0.04 0.04 0.04 IRIS

Bis (chloromethyl) ether 542-88-1

Bis(2-chlorethyl)ether 111-44-4

Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether [2,2'-

Oxybis(1-chloropropane)]

108-60-1

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS 1 0.4

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-32

Bis-(pentamethylene)-thiuram

tetrasulfide

120-54-7

Bromoacetone 598-31-2

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS 0.04 0.02

Bromoform 75-25-2 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Bromophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 101-55-3

Brucine 357-57-3

Butanol 71-36-3 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS

Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec- 88-85-7 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Butylate 2008-41-5 0.05 0.05 0.05 IRIS

Cadmium 7440-43-9 0.001 0.0005 0.001 IRIS 0.0002

Carbaryl 63-25-2 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Carbazole 86-74-8

Carbendazim 10605-21-7

Carbofuran 1563-66-2 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS

Carbofuran phenol 1563-38-8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS 0.01

Carbon oxyfluoride 353-50-4

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 IRIS 0.02 0.007

Carbosulfan 55285-14-8 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS

Chloral 75-87-6 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS

Chlorambucil 305-03-3

Chlordane 57-74-9 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 IRIS 0.001 0.0006 0.0006

Chlornaphazin 494-03-1

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- 126-99-8 0.02 0.02 0.02 HEAST

Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0

Chloroaniline, p- 106-47-8 0.004 0.004 0.004 IRIS

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS 0.4

Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-33

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS 0.04 0.03

Chloroethane 75-00-3

Chloroethyl vinyl ether, 2- 110-75-8

Chloroform 67-66-3 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS 0.3 0.1 0.01

Chloro-m-cresol, p- 59-50-7

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107-30-2

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7 0.08 0.08 0.08 IRIS

Chloro-o-toluidine hydrochloride, 4- 3165-93-3

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS

Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 7005-72-3

Chlorophenyl thiourea, 1-o 5344-82-1

Chloropropionitrile, 3- 542-76-7

Chromium (total) 7440-47-3 see VI

or III

see VI

or III

see VI

or III

IRIS

Chromium III (insoluble salts) 16065-83-1 1.5 1.5 1.5 IRIS

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS

Chrysene 218-01-9

Citrus red No. 2 6358-53-8

Cobalt 7440-48-4 0.06 0.06 0.06 NCEA

Copper 7440-50-8

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate 137-29-1

Cresol, m- 108-39-4 0.05 0.05 0.05 IRIS 0.05

Cresol, o- 95-48-7 0.05 0.05 0.05 IRIS 0.05

Cresol, p- 106-44-5 0.005 0.005 0.005 HEAST 0.05

Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3

Cumene 98-82-8 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Cumenyl methylcarbamate, m- 64-00-6

Cyanide (amenable) 57-12-5 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Cycasin 14901-08-7

Cycloate 1134-23-2

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-34

Cyclohexane 110-82-7

Cyclohexanone 108-94-1 5 5 5 IRIS

Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2- (2,4-

Dinitro-6-cyclohexylphenol or Dinitro-ocyclohexylphenol)

131-89-5 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS

Cyclophosphamide 50-18-0

Daunomycin 20830-81-3

Dazomet 533-74-4

DDD 72-54-8

DDD (o,p') 53-19-0

DDE 72-55-9

DDE (o,p') 3424-82-6

DDT (o,p') 789-02-6

DDT (p,p') 50-29-3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 IRIS 0.0005 0.0005

Diallate 2303-16-4

Dibenz(a,h)acridine 226-36-8

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3

Dibenz(a,j)acridine 224-42-0

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 192-65-4

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 189-64-0

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 189-55-9

Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7H- 194-59-2

Dibenzofuran 132-64-9

Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- 96-12-8 0.002

Dichloro-2-butene, 1,4- 764-41-0

Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4- 110-57-6

Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3- 96-23-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 95-50-1 0.09 0.09 0.09 IRIS

Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- 541-73-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 0.1

Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'- 91-94-1

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-35

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 0.1 0.1 0.1 HEAST

Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 0.2

Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 75-35-4 0.009 0.009 0.009 IRIS 0.009

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2 0.01 0.01 0.01 HEAST 1 0.3

Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS 0.2

Dichloromethoxy ethane 111-91-1

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS 0.003

Dichlorophenol, 2,6- 87-65-0

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- (2,4-

D)

94-75-7 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 0.1 0.07 0.09

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Dichloropropene, cis-1,3- 10061-01-5 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Dichloropropene, trans-1,3- 10061-02-6 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Dieldrin 60-57-1 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 IRIS 0.00007 0.00005

Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4- (2,2'-

bioxirane)

1464-53-5

Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothiate,

O,O297-97-2

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2 0.8 0.8 0.8 IRIS 7 6

Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 5952-26-1

Diethylhydrazine, N,N- 1615-80-1

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 311-45-5

Diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1

Dihydrosafrole 94-58-6

Dimethoate 60-51-5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 IRIS

Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1

Dimethylamine 124-40-3

Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p- 60-11-7

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-36

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 7,12- 57-97-6

Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'- 119-93-7

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 79-44-7

Dimethylphenethyamine, alpha-, alpha- 122-09-8

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Dimethyoxybenzidine, 3,3'- 119-90-4

Dimetilan 644-64-4

Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS 0.6

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 IRIS 0.008 0.0005

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 HEAST

Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6- 534-52-1

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS 0.01

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS 0.05 0.002

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2 0.001 0.001 0.001 HEAST 0.004

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0 0.02 0.02 0.02 HEAST 3 0.4

Di-n-propylamine [Dipropylamine] 142-84-7

Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1

Diphenylamine 122-39-4 0.025 0.025 0.025 IRIS

Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2- 122-66-7

Disulfiram [Tetraethylthiuram disulfide] 97-77-8

Disulfoton 298-04-4 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 IRIS 0.001 0.00009 0.00006

Dithiobiuret 541-53-7

Endosulfan 115-29-7 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS 0.002 0.002

Endosulfan I 959-98-8 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS

Endosulfan II 33213-65-9 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS

Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8

Endothall 145-73-3 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Endrin 72-20-8 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS 0.002 0.0003

Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4

Endrin ketone 53494-70-5

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-37

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 0.002 0.002 0.002 HEAST

Epinephrine 51-43-4

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5 0.4 0.4 0.4 HEAST

Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 0.9 0.9 0.9 IRIS

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5

Ethyl carbamate 51-79-6

Ethyl cyanide (propionitrile) 107-12-0

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, S- [EPTC] 759-94-4 0.025 0.025 0.025 IRIS

Ethyl ether 60-29-7 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS

Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2 0.09 0.09 0.09 HEAST

Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0

Ethyl Ziram 14324-55-1

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-

dibromoethane)

106-93-4 0.002

Ethylene oxide 75-21-8

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 IRIS

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts

and esters 

111-54-6

Ethyleneimine (aziridine) 151-56-4

Famphur 52-85-7

Ferbam 14484-64-1

Fluoracetamide, 2- 640-19-7

Fluoracetic acid, sodium salt (Sodium

fluoroacetate)

62-74-8 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 IRIS

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 0.04 0.04 0.04 IRIS 0.4

Fluorene 86-73-7 0.04 0.04 0.04 IRIS 0.4

Fluoride 16984-48-8 0.06 0.06 0.06 IRIS

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS 0.3 0.2

Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

Formic acid 64-18-6 2.00 2.00 2.00 HEAST

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-38

Formparanate 17702-57-7

Furan 110-00-9 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Furancarbox-aldehyde, 2- (furfural) 98-01-1 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS

Glycidylaldehyde 765-34-4 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 IRIS

Heptachlor 76-44-8 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 IRIS

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 0.000013 0.000013 0.000013 IRIS

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- 67562-39-4

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9- 55673-89-7

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-

35822-46-9

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 HEAST 0.0002

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 IRIS 0.008 0.0003 0.00002

Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- (alphaHCH)319-84-6 0.01

Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- (betaHCH)319-85-7 0.2 0.0006

Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta (deltaHCH)319-86-8

Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-

(Lindane)

58-89-9 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS 0.01 0.00001

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4 0.007 0.007 0.007 IRIS 0.1

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8- 70648-26-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8- 57117-44-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8,9- 72918-21-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,6,7,8- 60851-34-5

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,7,8-

39227-28-6

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,6,7,8-

57653-85-7

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,7,8,9-

19408-74-3

Hexachloroethane 67-72-1 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS 1 0.01

Hexachlorophene 70-30-4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-39

Hexachloropropene 1888-71-7

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 757-58-4

Hexanone, 2- 591-78-6

Hydrazine (and hydrazine sulfate); 

CAS and FR = hydrazine only

302-01-2

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 193-39-5

Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 3- 55406-53-6

Iodomethane 74-88-4

Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 IRIS

Isodrin 465-73-6

Isolan [Isopropyl methyl pyrazolyl

dimethylcarbamate]

119-38-0

Isophorone 78-59-1 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS 3 0.2

Isosafrole 120-58-1

Kepone 143-50-0 0.01 0.0005 0.0005

Lasiocarpine 303-34-4

Lead 7439-92-1

Maleic anhydride 108-31-6 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 IRIS

Malononitrile 109-77-3 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 HEAST

Manganese dimethyldithiocarbamate 15339-36-3

Melphalan 148-82-3

Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0003 0.0003 *MeHg HEAST

Metam sodium 137-42-8

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 IRIS

Methanethiol [methyl mercaptan] 74-93-1

Methanol 67-56-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 IRIS

Methapyrilene 91-80-5

Methiocarb 2032-65-7

Methomyl 16752-77-5 0.025 0.025 0.025 IRIS

Methoxychlor 72-43-5 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS 0.02 0.02

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-40

Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 74-83-9 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 IRIS 0.003

Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 74-87-3

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 0.6 0.6 0.6 IRIS

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4

Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 0.08 0.08 0.08 HEAST

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 IRIS 0.0005

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 1.4 1.4 1.4 IRIS

Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3

Methyl parathion 298-00-0 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025 IRIS 0.0003

Methylaziridine, 2- 75-55-8

Methylcholanthrene, 3- 56-49-5

Methylene bromide 74-95-3 0.01 0.01 0.01 HEAST

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 0.06 0.06 0.06 IRIS 0.06

Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'- 101-14-4 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 HEAST

Methylnaphthalene, 2- 91-57-6

Methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 70-25-7

Methylthiouracil 56-04-2

Metolcarb 1129-41-5

Mexacarbate 315-18-4

Mitomycin C 50-07-7

Molinate 2212-67-1 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS

Molybdenum 7439-98-7 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS

Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Naphthoquinone, 1,4- 130-15-4

Naphthyl-2-thiourea, 1- 86-88-4

Naphthylamine, 1- 134-32-7

Naphthylamine, 2- 91-59-8

Nickel 7440-02-0 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Nicotine and salts 54-11-5

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-41

Nitroaniline, 2- 88-74-4

Nitroaniline, 3- 99-09-2

Nitroaniline, 4- 100-01-6

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 IRIS

Nitrogen mustard 55-86-7

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride salt 51-75-2

Nitrogen mustard N- Oxide 126-85-2

Nitrogen mustard N-Oxide HCl salt 302-70-5

Nitroglycerine 55-63-0

Nitro-o-toluidine, 5- (2-Methyl-5-

nitroaniline)

99-55-8

Nitrophenol, 2- 88-75-5

Nitrophenol, 4- 100-02-7

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9

Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4- 56-57-5

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1116-54-7

N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3

N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 621-64-7 0.095

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6

N-Nitrosomethyl vinyl amine 4549-40-0

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10595-95-6

N-Nitrosomorpholine 59-89-2

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea 759-73-9

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 684-93-5

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane 615-53-2

N-Nitrosonomicotine 16543-55-8

N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-42

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2

N-Nitrososarcosine 13256-22-9

N-Phenylthiourea 103-85-5

Octachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDF]

39001-02-0

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDD]

3268-87-9

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide 152-16-9 0.002 0.002 0.002 HEAST

Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0

Oxamyl 23135-22-0 0.025 0.025 0.025 IRIS

Paraldehyde 123-63-7

Parathion 56-38-2 0.006 0.006 0.006 HEAST

Pebulate 1114-71-2 0.05 0.05 0.05 HEAST

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 IRIS

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8- 57117-41-6

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,7,8- 57117-31-4

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8- 40321-76-4

Pentachloroethane 76-01-7

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 82-68-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 0.03 0.03 0.03 IRIS 0.005 0.001

Pentadiene, 1,3- 504-60-9

Phenacetin 62-44-2

Phenanthrene 85-01-8

Phenol 108-95-2 0.6 0.6 0.6 IRIS 0.0003

Phenyl mercuric acetate 62-38-4 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 IRIS

Phenylenediamine, m- (1,3-) 108-45-2 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS

Phenylenediamine, p- 106-50-3 0.19 0.19 0.19 HEAST

Phenylenediamines (N.O.S.) 25265-76-3 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS

Phorate 298-02-2 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 HEAST

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl

ester

298-06-6

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-43

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl-smethyl3288-58-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, trimethyl ester 2953-29-9

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 2 2 2 IRIS

Physostigmine 57-47-6

Physostigmine salicylate 57-64-7

Picoline, 2- 109-06-8

Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) 1336-36-3 0.00007 0.00007 0.00007 IRIS 0.02

ug/kg/day

Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-03-0

Potassium N-hydroxymethyl Nmethyldithiocarbamate51026-28-9

Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate 137-41-7

Promecarb 2631-37-0

Pronamide 23950-58-5 0.075 0.075 0.075 IRIS

Propane sulfone, 1,3- 1120-71-4

Propargyl alcohol (propyn-1-ol, 2-) 107-19-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 IRIS

Propham 122-42-9 0.02 0.02 0.02 IRIS

Propoxur [Baygon][2-(1-Methylethoxy)-

phenol, methylcarbamate]

114-26-1 0.004 0.004 0.004 IRIS

Propylamine, n- 107-10-8

Propylthiouracil 51-52-5

Prosulfocarb 52888-80-9

Pyrene 129-00-0 0.03 0.03 0.03 IRIS

Pyridine 110-86-1 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Reserpine 50-55-5

Resorcinol 108-46-3

Saccharin and salts 81-07-2

Safrole 94-59-7

Selenium 7782-49-2 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS 0.005

Selenium, tetrakis-

(dimethyldithiocarbamate) [Selenium

dimethyldithiocarbamate]

144-34-3

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-44

Silver 7440-22-4 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS,

RTI

Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 136-30-1

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-04-1

Sodium fluoroacetate 62-74-8 0.00002 0.00002 0.00002 IRIS

Streptozotocin 18883-66-4

Strychnine (and salts) 57-24-9 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Styrene 100-42-5 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS 2.00E-01

Sulfallate 95-06-7

Sulfide 18496-25-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 IRIS

TCDD, 2,3,7,8- 1746-01-6 0.0002

ug/kg/d

0.00002

ug/kg/d

0.000001

ug/kg/d

Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 1634-02-2

Tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide [Bis-

(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)sulfide]

97-74-5

Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- 95-94-3 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-

[2,3,7,8-TCDF]

51207-31-9

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 0.03 0.03 0.03 IRIS

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 0.6 0.04

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS 0.05

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2 0.03 0.03 0.03 IRIS

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3

Tetraethyldithiopyro-phosphate 3689-24-5 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 IRIS

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9

Thallium (I) 7440-28-0 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 IRIS

Thioacetamide 62-55-5

Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

Thiofanox 39196-18-4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 HEAST

Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8 0.08 0.08 0.08 IRIS

Thiophenol (Benzenethiol) 108-98-5

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-45

Thiosemicarbizide 79-19-6

Thiourea 62-56-6

Thiram 137-26-8 0.005 0.005 0.005 IRIS

Tin 7440-31-5 0.6 0.6 0.6 HEAST

Tirpate 26419-73-8

Toluene 108-88-3 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRIS 0.8 0.02

Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4- 584-84-9

Toluene diisocyante, mixed isomers 

[2,4- and 2,6-Toluene diisocyanate

mixture]

26471-62-5

Toluenediamine, 2,4- 95-80-7

Toluenediamine, 2,6- 823-40-5 0.2 0.2 0.2 HEAST

Toluenediamine, 3,4- 496-72-0

Toluidine hydrochloride, o- (2-

Methylaniline hydrochloride)

636-21-5

Toluidine, o- 95-53-4

Toluidine, p- 106-49-0

Toxaphene 8001-35-2 0.005 0.001

Triallate 2303-17-5 0.013 0.013 0.013 IRIS

Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2- 76-13-1 30 30 30 IRIS

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 71-55-6 0.3 0.3 0.3 SF

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 0.004 0.004 0.004 IRIS 0.3 0.04

Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) 79-01-6 0.2

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 0.3 0.3 0.3 IRIS

Trichloromethanethiol 75-70-7

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4 0.1 0.1 0.1 IRIS

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 88-06-2 0.04

Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-

(2,4,5- (Silvex)

93-72-1 0.008 0.008 0.008 IRIS

Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5- 

(245-T)

93-76-5 0.01 0.01 0.01 IRIS

(continued)
Table 15A-2. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

EPA RfDs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

RfD food

& soil

(mg/kg/d)

RfD water

(mg/kg/d)

RfD fish

(mg/kg/d)

RfD

source

ATSDR

acute oral

MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

intermed

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

ATSDR

chronic

oral MRL

(mg/kg/d)

15-46

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4 0.006 0.006 0.006 IRIS 0.06

Triethylamine 121-44-8

Triethylphosphorothioate, O,O,O- 126-68-1

Trinitrobenzene, sym- (1,3,5-) 99-35-4 0.03 0.03 0.03 IRIS

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 126-72-7

Tris(1-azridinyl) phosphine sulfide 52-24-4

Trypan blue 72-57-1

Uracil mustard 66-75-1

Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.007 0.007 0.007 HEAST 0.003

Vernolate [Vernam] 1929-77-7 0.001 0.001 0.001 IRIS

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 1 1 1 HEAST

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 0.00002

Warfarin 81-81-2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 IRIS

Xylene, m- 108-38-3 2 2 2 HEAST 0.6

Xylene, o- 95-47-6 2 2 2 HEAST

Xylene, p- 106-42-3 1

Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7 2 2 2 IRIS 0.2

Zinc 7440-66-6 0.3 0.3 0.3 IRIS 0.3 0.3

Ziram 137-30-4
Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-47

Table 15A-3. Available Oral Cancer Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

A2123 [Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) -Nhydroxy-2-oxo-,methyl ester]30558-43-1

Acenaphthene 83-32-9 0.001 N&L92

Acenaphthylene 208-96-8 0.001 N&L92

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 1.00E-02

Acetone 67-64-1

Acetonitrile 75-05-8

Acetophenone 98-86-2

Acetyl chloride 75-36-5

Acetyl-2-thiourea, 1- 591-08-2

Acetylaminofluorene, 2- 53-96-3 3.80E+00

Acrolein 107-02-8

Acrylamide 79-06-1 4.5 4.5 IRIS 4.50E+00

Acrylic acid 79-10-7

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 0.54 0.54 IRIS 1.00E+00

Aflatoxins 1402-68-2

Aldicarb 116-06-3

Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4

Aldrin 309-00-2 17 17 IRIS 1.70E+01

Allyl alcohol 107-18-6

Allyl chloride 107-05-1 2.10E-02

Aminobiphenyl,4- 92-67-1 2.10E+01

Aminomethyl-3-isoxazolol,5- 2763-96-4

Aminopyridine, 4- 504-24-5

Amitrole 61-82-5 9.40E-01

Aniline 62-53-3 0.0057 0.0057 IRIS 5.70E-03

Anthracene 120-12-7 0.01 N&L92

Antimony 7440-36-0

Aramite 140-57-8 0.025 0.025 IRIS 3.00E-02

Arsenic 7440-38-2 1.5 1.5 IRIS 1.50E+00

Auramine 492-80-8 8.80E-01

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-48

Auramine O (Auramine hydrochloride) 2465-27-2

Azaserine 115-02-6 1.10E+01

Barban 101-27-9

Barium 7440-39-3

Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

Bendiocarb phenol 22961-82-6

Benomyl 17804-35-2

Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3 0.73 0.73 TEF calc 1.20E+00 0.1 EPA93

Benz(c)acridine 225-51-4

Benzal chloride [Dichloromethyl benzene] 98-87-3

Benzene 71-43-2 0.029 0.029 IRIS 1.00E-01

Benzidine 92-87-5 230 230 IRIS 5.00E+02

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 7.3 7.3 IRIS 1.20E+01 1 EPA93

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2 0.73 0.73 TEF calc 1.20E+00 0.1 EPA93

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2 0.01 N&L92

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 205-82-3 TEF=0.1 0.1 CalEPA94

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9 0.073 0.073 EPA93 0.01 EPA93

Benzoquinone, p- 106-51-4

Benzotrichloride 98-07-7 13 13 IRIS

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6

Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 0.17 0.17 IRIS 1.70E-01

Beryllium 7440-41-7 4.30E+00

Bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9 0.07 0.07 HEAST

Bis (chloromethyl) ether 542-88-1 220 220 IRIS 4.60E+01

Bis(2-chlorethyl)ether 111-44-4 1.1 1.1 IRIS 2.50E+00

Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether [2,2'-Oxybis(1-

chloropropane)]

108-60-1 0.07 0.07 HEAST

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 0.014 0.014 IRIS 8.40E-03

Bis-(pentamethylene)-thiuram tetrasulfide 120-54-7

Bromoacetone 598-31-2

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 0.062 0.062 IRIS 1.30E-01

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-49

Bromoform 75-25-2 0.0079 0.0079 IRIS

Bromophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 101-55-3

Brucine 357-57-3

Butanol 71-36-3

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7

Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec- 88-85-7

Butylate 2008-41-5

Cadmium 7440-43-9 1.50E+01

Carbaryl 63-25-2

Carbazole 86-74-8 0.02 0.02 HEAST

Carbendazim 10605-21-7

Carbofuran 1563-66-2

Carbofuran phenol 1563-38-8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0

Carbon oxyfluoride 353-50-4

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 0.13 0.13 IRIS 1.50E-01

Carbosulfan 55285-14-8

Chloral 75-87-6

Chlorambucil 305-03-3 2.30E-03

Chlordane 57-74-9 0.35 0.35 IRIS 1.20E+00

Chlornaphazin 494-03-1

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- 126-99-8

Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0

Chloroaniline, p- 106-47-8

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7

Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6 0.27 0.27 HEAST 1.10E-01

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 0.084 0.084 IRIS 9.40E-02

Chloroethane 75-00-3

Chloroethyl vinyl ether, 2- 110-75-8

Chloroform 67-66-3 0.0061 0.0061 IRIS 1.90E-02

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-50

Chloro-m-cresol, p- 59-50-7

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107-30-2 2.40E+00

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7

Chloro-o-toluidine hydrochloride, 4- 3165-93-3 0.46 0.46 HEAST

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8

Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 7005-72-3

Chlorophenyl thiourea, 1-o 5344-82-1

Chloropropionitrile, 3- 542-76-7

Chromium (total) 7440-47-3 see VI

Chromium III (insoluble salts) 16065-83-1

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 4.20E-01

Chrysene 218-01-9 0.0073 0.0073 TEF 1.20E-01 0.001 EPA93

Citrus red No. 2 6358-53-8

Cobalt 7440-48-4

Copper 7440-50-8

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate 137-29-1

Cresol, m- 108-39-4

Cresol, o- 95-48-7

Cresol, p- 106-44-5

Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3 1.9 1.9 HEAST

Cumene 98-82-8

Cumenyl methylcarbamate, m- 64-00-6

Cyanide (amenable) 57-12-5

Cycasin 14901-08-7

Cycloate 1134-23-2

Cyclohexane 110-82-7

Cyclohexanone 108-94-1

Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2- (2,4-Dinitro-6-

cyclohexylphenol or Dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol)

131-89-5

Cyclophosphamide 50-18-0 6.10E-01

Daunomycin 20830-81-3

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-51

Dazomet 533-74-4

DDD 72-54-8 0.24 0.24 IRIS 2.40E-01

DDD (o,p') 53-19-0

DDE 72-55-9 0.34 0.34 IRIS 3.40E-01

DDE (o,p') 3424-82-6

DDT (o,p') 789-02-6

DDT (p,p') 50-29-3 0.34 0.34 IRIS 3.40E-01

Diallate 2303-16-4 0.061 0.061 HEAST

Dibenz(a,h)acridine 226-36-8 TEF=0.1 0.1 CalEPA94

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3 7.3 7.3 TEF calc 4.10E+00 1 EPA93

Dibenz(a,j)acridine 224-42-0 TEF=0.1 0.1 CalEPA94

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 192-65-4 TEF=1.0 1 CalEPA94

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 189-64-0 TEF=10.0 10 CalEPA94

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 189-55-9 TEF=10.0 10 CalEPA94

Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7H- 194-59-2 1.20E+01 1 CalEPA94

Dibenzofuran 132-64-9

Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- 96-12-8 1.4 1.4 HEAST 7.00E+00

Dichloro-2-butene, 1,4- 764-41-0

Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4- 110-57-6

Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3- 96-23-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 95-50-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- 541-73-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 0.024 0.024 HEAST 4.00E-02

Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'- 91-94-1 0.45 0.45 IRIS 1.20E+00

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 0.0057

Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 0.091 0.091 IRIS 7.00E-02

Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 75-35-4 0.6 0.6 IRIS

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2

Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-52

Dichloromethoxy ethane 111-91-1

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2

Dichlorophenol, 2,6- 87-65-0

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- (2,4-D) 94-75-7

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 0.068 0.068 HEAST 6.30E-02

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 0.18 0.18 HEAST 1.80E-01

Dichloropropene, cis-1,3- 10061-01-5 0.18 0.18 HEAST

Dichloropropene, trans-1,3- 10061-02-6 0.18 0.18 HEAST

Dieldrin 60-57-1 16 16 IRIS 1.60E+01

Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4- (2,2'-bioxirane) 1464-53-5

Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothiate, O,O- 297-97-2

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2

Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 5952-26-1

Diethylhydrazine, N,N- 1615-80-1

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 311-45-5

Diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1 4700 4700 HEAST 3.50E+02

Dihydrosafrole 94-58-6 4.40E-02

Dimethoate 60-51-5

Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1

Dimethylamine 124-40-3

Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p- 60-11-7 4.60E+00

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 7,12- 57-97-6 2.50E+02

Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'- 119-93-7 9.2 9.2 HEAST

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 79-44-7 1.30E+01

Dimethylphenethyamine, alpha-, alpha- 122-09-8

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9

Dimethyoxybenzidine, 3,3'- 119-90-4 0.014 0.014 HEAST

Dimetilan 644-64-4

Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-53

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4

Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6- 534-52-1

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 0.68 0.68 IRIS 3.10E-01

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2 0.68 0.68 IRIS

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0

Di-n-propylamine [Dipropylamine] 142-84-7

Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1 0.011 0.011 IRIS 2.70E-02

Diphenylamine 122-39-4

Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2- 122-66-7 0.8 0.8 IRIS 8.70E-01

Disulfiram [Tetraethylthiuram disulfide] 97-77-8

Disulfoton 298-04-4

Dithiobiuret 541-53-7

Endosulfan 115-29-7

Endosulfan I 959-98-8

Endosulfan II 33213-65-9

Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8

Endothall 145-73-3

Endrin 72-20-8

Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4

Endrin ketone 53494-70-5

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 0.0099 0.0099 IRIS 8.00E-02

Epinephrine 51-43-4

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5

Ethyl acetate 141-78-6

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 0.048 0.048 HEAST

Ethyl carbamate 51-79-6 1.00E+00

Ethyl cyanide (propionitrile) 107-12-0

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, S- [EPTC] 759-94-4

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-54

Ethyl ether 60-29-7

Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2

Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0 293 293 CAG

Ethyl Ziram 14324-55-1

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane) 106-93-4 85 85 IRIS 2.50E-01

Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 1.02 1.02 HEAST 3.10E-01

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 0.11 0.11 HEAST 4.50E-02

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters 111-54-6

Ethyleneimine (aziridine) 151-56-4 6.50E+01

Famphur 52-85-7

Ferbam 14484-64-1

Fluoracetamide, 2- 640-19-7

Fluoracetic acid, sodium salt (Sodium fluoroacetate) 62-74-8

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 0.001 N&L92

Fluorene 86-73-7 0.001 N&L92

Fluoride 16984-48-8

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 2.10E-02

Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

Formic Acid 64-18-6

Formparanate 17702-57-7

Furan 110-00-9

Furancarbox-aldehyde, 2- (furfural) 98-01-1

Glycidylaldehyde 765-34-4

Heptachlor 76-44-8 4.5 4.5 IRIS 5.70E+00

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 9.1 9.1 IRIS 1.30E+01

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- 67562-39-4 1500 1500 EPA 1.30E+03 0.01 EPA98

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9- 55673-89-7 1500 1500 EPA 1.30E+03 0.01 EPA98

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- 35822-46-9 1500 1500 EPA 1.30E+03 0.01 EPA98

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 0.078 0.078 IRIS

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-55

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 1.6 1.6 IRIS 1.80E+00

Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- (alpha-HCH) 319-84-6 6.3 6.3 IRIS 2.70E+00

Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- (beta-HCH) 319-85-7 1.8 1.8 IRIS 1.50E+00

Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta (delta-HCH) 319-86-8

Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma- (Lindane) 58-89-9 1.3 1.3 HEAST 1.10E+00

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8- 70648-26-9 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8- 57117-44-9 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8,9- 72918-21-9 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,6,7,8- 60851-34-5 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,7,8- 39227-28-6 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,6,7,8- 57653-85-7 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8,9- 19408-74-3 6200 6200 IRIS 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Hexachloroethane 67-72-1 0.014 0.014 IRIS 3.90E-02

Hexachlorophene 70-30-4

Hexachloropropene 1888-71-7

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 757-58-4

Hexanone, 2- 591-78-6

Hydrazine (and hydrazine sulfate); CAS and FR =

hydrazine only

302-01-2 3 3 IRIS 3.00E+00

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 193-39-5 0.73 0.73 TEF calc 1.20E+00 0.1 EPA93

Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 3- 55406-53-6

Iodomethane 74-88-4

Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1

Isodrin 465-73-6

Isolan [Isopropyl methyl pyrazolyl

dimethylcarbamate]

119-38-0

Isophorone 78-59-1 0.00095 0.00095 IRIS

Isosafrole 120-58-1

Kepone 143-50-0 1.60E+01

Lasiocarpine 303-34-4 7.80E+00

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-56

Lead 7439-92-1 8.50E-03

Maleic anhydride 108-31-6

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1

Malononitrile 109-77-3

Manganese dimethyldithiocarbamate 15339-36-3

Melphalan 148-82-3 1.30E+02

Mercury 7439-97-6

Metam Sodium 137-42-8

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7

Methanethiol [methyl mercaptan] 74-93-1

Methanol 67-56-1

Methapyrilene 91-80-5

Methiocarb 2032-65-7

Methomyl 16752-77-5

Methoxychlor 72-43-5

Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 74-83-9

Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 74-87-3 0.013 0.013 HEAST

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4

Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6

Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3 9.90E-02

Methyl parathion 298-00-0

Methylaziridine, 2- 75-55-8

Methylcholanthrene, 3- 56-49-5 25.5 25.5 CAG 2.20E+01

Methylene bromide 74-95-3

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 0.0075 0.0075 IRIS 1.40E-02

Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'- 101-14-4 0.13 0.13 HEAST 1.50E+00

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-57

Methylnaphthalene, 2- 91-57-6

Methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 70-25-7

Methylthiouracil 56-04-2 4.00E-01

Metolcarb 1129-41-5

Mexacarbate 315-18-4

Mitomycin C 50-07-7 8.20E+03

Molinate 2212-67-1

Molybdenum 7439-98-7

Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.001 N&L92

Naphthoquinone, 1,4- 130-15-4

Naphthyl-2-thiourea, 1- 86-88-4

Naphthylamine, 1- 134-32-7

Naphthylamine, 2- 91-59-8 1.80E+00

Nickel 7440-02-0 0.91

(nickel &

cmpds)

Nicotine and salts 54-11-5

Nitroaniline, 2- 88-74-4

Nitroaniline, 3- 99-09-2

Nitroaniline, 4- 100-01-6

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3

Nitrogen mustard 55-86-7

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride salt 51-75-2

Nitrogen mustard N- Oxide 126-85-2

Nitrogen mustard N-Oxide HCl salt 302-70-5

Nitroglycerine 55-63-0

Nitro-o-toluidine, 5- (2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline) 99-55-8 0.033 0.033 HEAST

Nitrophenol, 2- 88-75-5

Nitrophenol, 4- 100-02-7

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9

Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4- 56-57-5

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-58

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1116-54-7 2.8 2.8 IRIS 2.80E+00

N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5 150 150 IRIS 3.60E+01

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9 51 51 IRIS 1.60E+01

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3 5.4 5.4 IRIS 3.10E-03

N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 621-64-7 7 7 IRIS 7.00E+00

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6 0.0049 0.0049 IRIS 9.00E-03

N-Nitrosomethyl vinyl amine 4549-40-0

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10595-95-6 22 22 IRIS 3.70E+00

N-Nitrosomorpholine 59-89-2 6.70E+00

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea 759-73-9 140 140 HEAST 2.70E+01

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 684-93-5 1.20E+02

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane 615-53-2 1.10E+02

N-Nitrosonomicotine 16543-55-8 1.40E+00

N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4 37.5 37.5 CAG 9.40E+00

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2 2.1 2.1 IRIS 2.10E+00

N-Nitrososarcosine 13256-22-9

N-Phenylthiourea 103-85-5

Octachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDF] 39001-02-0 150 150 EPA 0.001 EPA98

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- 

[OCDD]

3268-87-9 150 150 EPA 0.001 EPA98

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide 152-16-9

Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0

Oxamyl 23135-22-0

Paraldehyde 123-63-7

Parathion 56-38-2

Pebulate 1114-71-2

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8- 57117-41-6 7500 7500 EPA 6.50E+03 0.05 EPA98

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,7,8- 57117-31-4 75000 75000 EPA 6.50E+04 0.5 EPA98

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8- 40321-76-4 75000 75000 EPA 6.50E+04 0.5 EPA98

Pentachloroethane 76-01-7

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-59

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 82-68-8 0.26 0.26 HEAST

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 0.12 0.12 IRIS 1.80E-02

Pentadiene, 1,3- 504-60-9

Phenacetin 62-44-2 2.20E-03

Phenanthrene 85-01-8 0.001 N&L92

Phenol 108-95-2

Phenyl mercuric acetate 62-38-4

Phenylenediamine, m- (1,3-) 108-45-2

Phenylenediamine, p- 106-50-3

Phenylenediamines (N.O.S.) 25265-76-3 0.047 0.047 HEAST

Phorate 298-02-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl ester 298-06-6

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl-s-methyl 3288-58-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, trimethyl ester 2953-29-9

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9

Physostigmine 57-47-6

Physostigmine salicylate 57-64-7

Picoline, 2- 109-06-8

Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) 1336-36-3 2 0.4 IRIS 2.0E+0 (high) 7.0E-2 (low)

Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-03-0

Potassium N-hydroxymethyl Nmethyldithiocarbamate51026-28-9

Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate 137-41-7

Promecarb 2631-37-0

Pronamide 23950-58-5

Propane sulfone, 1,3- 1120-71-4 2.40E+00

Propargyl alcohol (propyn-1-ol, 2-) 107-19-7

Propham 122-42-9

Propoxur [Baygon][2-(1-Methylethoxy)-phenol,

methylcarbamate]

114-26-1

Propylamine, n- 107-10-8

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-60

Propylthiouracil 51-52-5 1.00E+00

Prosulfocarb 52888-80-9

Pyrene 129-00-0 0.001 N&L92

Pyridine 110-86-1

Reserpine 50-55-5 1.10E+01

Resorcinol 108-46-3

Saccharin and salts 81-07-2

Safrole 94-59-7 0.18 0.18 CAG 2.20E-01

Selenium 7782-49-2

Selenium, tetrakis-(dimethyldithiocarbamate) 

[Selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate]

144-34-3

Silver 7440-22-4

Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 136-30-1

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5 0.27 0.27 HEAST

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-04-1

Sodium fluoroacetate 62-74-8

Streptozotocin 18883-66-4 1.10E+02

Strychnine (and salts) 57-24-9

Styrene 100-42-5

Sulfallate 95-06-7 1.90E-01

Sulfide 18496-25-8

TCDD, 2,3,7,8- 1746-01-6 150000 150000 HEAST 1.30E+05 1 EPA98

Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 1634-02-2

Tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide [Bis-

(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)sulfide]

97-74-5

Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- 95-94-3

Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8- [2,3,7,8-TCDF] 51207-31-9 15000 15000 EPA 1.30E+04 0.1 EPA98

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 0.026 0.026 IRIS

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 0.2 0.2 IRIS 2.00E-01

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.052 0.052 SF 5.10E-02

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-61

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3

Tetraethyldithiopyro-phosphate 3689-24-5

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9

Thallium (I) 7440-28-0

Thioacetamide 62-55-5 6.10E+01

Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

Thiofanox 39196-18-4

Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8

Thiophenol (Benzenethiol) 108-98-5

Thiosemicarbizide 79-19-6

Thiourea 62-56-6 7.20E-02

Thiram 137-26-8

Tin 7440-31-5

Tirpate 26419-73-8

Toluene 108-88-3

Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4- 584-84-9 3.90E-02

Toluene diisocyante, mixed isomers [2,4- and 2,6-

Toluene diisocyanate mixture]

26471-62-5 3.90E-02

Toluenediamine, 2,4- 95-80-7 3.2 3.2 HEAST 4.00E+00

Toluenediamine, 2,6- 823-40-5

Toluenediamine, 3,4- 496-72-0

Toluidine hydrochloride, o- (2-Methylaniline

hydrochloride)

636-21-5 0.18 0.18 HEAST 1.30E-01

Toluidine, o- 95-53-4 0.24 0.24 HEAST 1.80E-01

Toluidine, p- 106-49-0 0.19 0.19 HEAST

Toxaphene 8001-35-2 1.1 1.1 IRIS 1.20E+00

Triallate 2303-17-5

Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2- 76-13-1

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 71-55-6

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 0.057 0.057 IRIS 5.70E-02

(continued)
Table 15A-3. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

CASRN

EPA oral CSFs used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

Chemical Name

Oral CSF -

food & soil

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral CSF -

water

(mg/kg/d)-1

Oral

CSF

source

CalEPA

Oral CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1 TEF

TEF

Source

15-62

Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) 79-01-6 0.011 0.011 SF 1.50E-02

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4

Trichloromethanethiol 75-70-7

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 88-06-2 0.011 0.011 IRIS 7.00E-02

Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5- (Silvex) 93-72-1

Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5- (245-T) 93-76-5

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4 7.0 7.0 HEAST

Triethylamine 121-44-8

Triethylphosphorothioate, O,O,O- 126-68-1

Trinitrobenzene, sym- (1,3,5-) 99-35-4

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 126-72-7 2.30E+00

Tris(1-azridinyl) phosphine sulfide 52-24-4 1.20E+01

Trypan blue 72-57-1

Uracil mustard 66-75-1

Vanadium 7440-62-2

Vernolate [Vernam] 1929-77-7

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 1.90 1.90 HEAST 2.70E-01

Warfarin 81-81-2

Xylene, m- 108-38-3

Xylene, o- 95-47-6

Xylene, p- 106-42-3

Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7

Zinc 7440-66-6

Ziram 137-30-4
Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-63

Table 15A-4. Available Inhalation Noncancer Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

A2123 [Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-

(dimethylamino) -N-hydroxy-2-

oxo-,methyl ester]

30558-43-1

Acenaphthene 83-32-9

Acenaphthylene 208-96-8

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 0.009 IRIS 9.0E-03

Acetone 67-64-1 26 13 13

Acetonitrile 75-05-8 0.06 IRIS

Acetophenone 98-86-2

Acetyl chloride 75-36-5

Acetyl-2-thiourea, 1- 591-08-2

Acetylaminofluorene, 2- 53-96-3

Acrolein 107-02-8 0.00002 IRIS 0.00005 0.000009 2.0E-05

Acrylamide 79-06-1 7.0E-04

Acrylic acid 79-10-7 0.001 IRIS 1.0E-03

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 0.002 IRIS 0.1 2.0E-03

Aflatoxins 1402-68-2

Aldicarb 116-06-3

Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4

Aldrin 309-00-2

Allyl alcohol 107-18-6

Allyl chloride 107-05-1 0.001 IRIS 1.0E-03

Aminobiphenyl,4- 92-67-1

Aminomethyl-3-isoxazolol,5- 2763-96-4

Aminopyridine, 4- 504-24-5

Amitrole 61-82-5

Aniline 62-53-3 0.001 IRIS 1.0E-03

Anthracene 120-12-7

Antimony 7440-36-0 0.0002 IRIS

Aramite 140-57-8

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-64

Arsenic 7440-38-2 3.0E-05

Auramine 492-80-8

Auramine O (Auramine

hydrochloride)

2465-27-2

Azaserine 115-02-6

Barban 101-27-9

Barium 7440-39-3 0.0005 HEAST N/A

Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

Bendiocarb phenol 22961-82-6

Benomyl 17804-35-2

Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3

Benz(c)acridine 225-51-4

Benzal chloride [Dichloromethyl

benzene]

98-87-3

Benzene 71-43-2 0.05 0.004 6.0E-02

Benzidine 92-87-5 1.0E-02

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 205-82-3

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9

Benzoquinone, p- 106-51-4

Benzotrichloride 98-07-7

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6

Benzyl chloride 100-44-7

Beryllium 7440-41-7 2.0E-05 IRIS 1.0E-06

Bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9

Bis (chloromethyl) ether 542-88-1 0.0003

Bis(2-chlorethyl)ether 111-44-4 0.02

Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 

[2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane)]

108-60-1

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-65

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 1.0E-02

Bis-(pentamethylene)-thiuram

tetrasulfide

120-54-7

Bromoacetone 598-31-2

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4

Bromoform 75-25-2

Bromophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 101-55-3

Brucine 357-57-3

Butanol 71-36-3

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7

Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec- 88-85-7

Butylate 2008-41-5

Cadmium 7440-43-9 1.0E-05

Carbaryl 63-25-2

Carbazole 86-74-8

Carbendazim 10605-21-7

Carbofuran 1563-66-2

Carbofuran phenol 1563-38-8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 0.7 IRIS 0.3 7.0E-01

Carbon oxyfluoride 353-50-4

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 0.2 0.05 4.0E-02

Carbosulfan 55285-14-8

Chloral 75-87-6

Chlorambucil 305-03-3

Chlordane 57-74-9 7.0E-04 IRIS 0.0002

mg/m3

0.00002

mg/m3

Chlornaphazin 494-03-1

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- 126-99-8 0.007 HEAST

Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0

Chloroaniline, p- 106-47-8

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-66

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 0.02 HEAST 1.0E+00

Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1

Chloroethane 75-00-3 10 IRIS 15 1.0E+01

Chloroethyl vinyl ether, 2- 110-75-8

Chloroform 67-66-3 0.1 0.05 0.02 3.0E-01

Chloro-m-cresol, p- 59-50-7

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107-30-2

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7

Chloro-o-toluidine

hydrochloride, 4-

3165-93-3

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8 RfC=0.0014

mg/m3 (AC - RR)

Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 7005-72-3

Chlorophenyl thiourea, 1-o 5344-82-1

Chloropropionitrile, 3- 542-76-7

Chromium (total) 7440-47-3 see VI IRIS see VI see VI

Chromium III (insoluble salts) 16065-83-1

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 0.0001 IRIS 0.00002

mg/m3

0.00002

mg/m3

Chrysene 218-01-9

Citrus red No. 2 6358-53-8

Cobalt 7440-48-4 1.0E-05 EPA

99bI

3E-5 mg/m3 5.0E-06 RfC=0.00001

mg/m3 (AC)

Copper 7440-50-8 2.0E-05

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate 137-29-1

Cresol, m- 108-39-4

Cresol, o- 95-48-7

Cresol, p- 106-44-5

Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3

Cumene 98-82-8 0.4 IRIS

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-67

Cumenyl methylcarbamate, m- 64-00-6

Cyanide (amenable) 57-12-5

Cycasin 14901-08-7

Cycloate 1134-23-2

Cyclohexane 110-82-7

Cyclohexanone 108-94-1

Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2- 

(2,4-Dinitro-6-cyclohexylphenol

or Dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol)

131-89-5

Cyclophosphamide 50-18-0

Daunomycin 20830-81-3

Dazomet 533-74-4

DDD 72-54-8

DDD (o,p') 53-19-0

DDE 72-55-9

DDE (o,p') 3424-82-6

DDT (o,p') 789-02-6

DDT (p,p') 50-29-3

Diallate 2303-16-4

Dibenz(a,h)acridine 226-36-8

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3

Dibenz(a,j)acridine 224-42-0

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 192-65-4

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 189-64-0

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 189-55-9

Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7H- 194-59-2

Dibenzofuran 132-64-9

Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- 96-12-8 0.0002 IRIS 0.0002

Dichloro-2-butene, 1,4- 764-41-0

Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4- 110-57-6

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-68

Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3- 96-23-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 95-50-1 0.2 HEAST

Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- 541-73-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 0.8 IRIS 0.8 0.2 0.1 8.0E-01

Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'- 91-94-1

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 0.2 HEAST 1.0E+00

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 0.5 HEAST

Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 0.2 0.2 4.0E-01

Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 75-35-4 0.02 2.0E-02

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2

Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5

Dichloromethoxy ethane 111-91-1

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2

Dichlorophenol, 2,6- 87-65-0

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-

(2,4-D)

94-75-7

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 0.004 IRIS 0.05 0.007

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 0.02 IRIS 0.003 0.002

Dichloropropene, cis-1,3- 10061-01-5 0.02 IRIS

Dichloropropene, trans-1,3- 10061-02-6 0.02 IRIS

Dieldrin 60-57-1

Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4- (2,2'-

bioxirane)

1464-53-5

Diethyl O-pyrazinyl

phosphorothiate, O,O297-97-2

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2

Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 5952-26-1

Diethylhydrazine, N,N- 1615-80-1

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 311-45-5

Diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1

Dihydrosafrole 94-58-6

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-69

Dimethoate 60-51-5

Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1

Dimethylamine 124-40-3

Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p- 60-11-7

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene,

7,12-

57-97-6

Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'- 119-93-7

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 79-44-7

Dimethylphenethyamine, alpha-,

alpha122-09-8

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9

Dimethyoxybenzidine, 3,3'- 119-90-4

Dimetilan 644-64-4

Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4

Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6- 534-52-1

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 7.0E-03

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0

Di-n-propylamine 

[Dipropylamine]

142-84-7

Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1 3.0E+00 RfC=0.8 mg/m3

(AC)

Diphenylamine 122-39-4

Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2- 122-66-7

Disulfiram [Tetraethylthiuram

disulfide]

97-77-8

Disulfoton 298-04-4 0.006

mg/m3

0.0002

mg/m3

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-70

Dithiobiuret 541-53-7

Endosulfan 115-29-7

Endosulfan I 959-98-8

Endosulfan II 33213-65-9

Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8

Endothall 145-73-3

Endrin 72-20-8

Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4

Endrin ketone 53494-70-5

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 0.001 IRIS 1.0E-03

Epinephrine 51-43-4

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5 0.2 IRIS 2.0E-01

Ethyl acetate 141-78-6

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5

Ethyl carbamate 51-79-6

Ethyl cyanide (propionitrile) 107-12-0

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, S- 

[EPTC]

759-94-4

Ethyl ether 60-29-7

Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2

Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0

Ethyl Ziram 14324-55-1

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 1 IRIS 0.2 1.0E+00

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-

dibromoethane)

106-93-4 0.0002 HEAST

Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 0.09 5.0E-03

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 3.0E-03

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,

salts and esters 

111-54-6

Ethyleneimine (aziridine) 151-56-4

Famphur 52-85-7

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-71

Ferbam 14484-64-1

Fluoracetamide, 2- 640-19-7

Fluoracetic acid, sodium salt 

(Sodium fluoroacetate)

62-74-8

Fluoranthene 206-44-0

Fluorene 86-73-7

Fluoride 16984-48-8

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 0.05 0.01 0.003 2.0E-03

Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

Formic Acid 64-18-6

Formparanate 17702-57-7

Furan 110-00-9

Furancarbox-aldehyde, 2- 

(furfural)

98-01-1 0.05 HEAST

Glycidylaldehyde 765-34-4 0.001 HEAST

Heptachlor 76-44-8

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3

Heptachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-

67562-39-4

Heptachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-

55673-89-7

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-

35822-46-9

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 9.0E-02

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 3.0E-03

Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-

(alpha-HCH)

319-84-6 2.0E-02

Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-

(beta-HCH)

319-85-7 2.0E-03

Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta

(delta-HCH)

319-86-8

Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-

(Lindane)

58-89-9 3.0E-04

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4 0.00007 HEAST 0.0001 0.00003 7.0E-04

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-72

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,7,8-

70648-26-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,6,7,8-

57117-44-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,7,8,9-

72918-21-9

Hexachlorodibenzofuran,

2,3,4,6,7,8-

60851-34-5

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,7,8-

39227-28-6

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,6,7,8-

57653-85-7

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,7,8,9-

19408-74-3

Hexachloroethane 67-72-1 6 6 8.0E-02

Hexachlorophene 70-30-4

Hexachloropropene 1888-71-7

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 757-58-4

Hexanone, 2- 591-78-6

Hydrazine (and hydrazine

sulfate); CAS and FR =

hydrazine only

302-01-2 0.004 2.0E-04

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 193-39-5

Iodo-2-propynyl Nbutylcarbamate, 3-55406-53-6

Iodomethane 74-88-4

Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1

Isodrin 465-73-6

Isolan [Isopropyl methyl

pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate]

119-38-0

Isophorone 78-59-1 2.0E+00 provisional

RfC=0.012 mg/m3

(63FR64371)

Isosafrole 120-58-1

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-73

Kepone 143-50-0

Lasiocarpine 303-34-4

Lead 7439-92-1

Maleic anhydride 108-31-6 2.0E-04

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1

Malononitrile 109-77-3

Manganese

dimethyldithiocarbamate

15339-36-3

Melphalan 148-82-3

Mercury 7439-97-6 0.0003 IRIS 0.0002

mg/m3

3.0E-04

Metam Sodium 137-42-8

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7 0.0007 HEAST

Methanethiol [methyl mercaptan] 74-93-1

Methanol 67-56-1 1.0E+01 RfC=13 mg/m3

(AC)

Methapyrilene 91-80-5

Methiocarb 2032-65-7

Methomyl 16752-77-5

Methoxychlor 72-43-5

Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 74-83-9 0.005 IRIS 0.05 0.05 0.005 5.0E-03

Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 74-87-3 0.3 SF 0.5 0.2 0.05

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 1 IRIS 1.0E+00

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4

Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 0.08 HEAST

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 7.0E-01 IRIS 1.0E-01

Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3

Methyl parathion 298-00-0

Methylaziridine, 2- 75-55-8

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-74

Methylcholanthrene, 3- 56-49-5

Methylene bromide 74-95-3

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 3 HEAST 0.4 0.03 3.0E-01

Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline),

4,4'-

101-14-4

Methylnaphthalene, 2- 91-57-6

Methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine

(MNNG)

70-25-7

Methylthiouracil 56-04-2

Metolcarb 1129-41-5

Mexacarbate 315-18-4

Mitomycin C 50-07-7

Molinate 2212-67-1

Molybdenum 7439-98-7

Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.003 IRIS 0.002 9.0E-03

Naphthoquinone, 1,4- 130-15-4

Naphthyl-2-thiourea, 1- 86-88-4

Naphthylamine, 1- 134-32-7

Naphthylamine, 2- 91-59-8

Nickel 7440-02-0 0.0002

mg/m3

5.0E-05

Nicotine and salts 54-11-5

Nitroaniline, 2- 88-74-4 0.0002 HEAST

Nitroaniline, 3- 99-09-2

Nitroaniline, 4- 100-01-6

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 0.002 HEAST 3.0E-02

Nitrogen mustard 55-86-7

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride

salt

51-75-2

Nitrogen mustard N- Oxide 126-85-2

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-75

Nitrogen mustard N-Oxide HCl

salt

302-70-5

Nitroglycerine 55-63-0

Nitro-o-toluidine, 5- (2-Methyl-5-

nitroaniline)

99-55-8

Nitrophenol, 2- 88-75-5

Nitrophenol, 4- 100-02-7 0.03

mg/m3

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9 0.02 IRIS 2.0E-02

Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4- 56-57-5

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1116-54-7

N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3

N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 621-64-7

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6

N-Nitrosomethyl vinyl amine 4549-40-0

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10595-95-6

N-Nitrosomorpholine 59-89-2

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea 759-73-9

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 684-93-5

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane 615-53-2

N-Nitrosonomicotine 16543-55-8

N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2

N-Nitrososarcosine 13256-22-9

N-Phenylthiourea 103-85-5

Octachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDF]

39001-02-0

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDD]

3268-87-9

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-76

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide 152-16-9

Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0

Oxamyl 23135-22-0

Paraldehyde 123-63-7

Parathion 56-38-2

Pebulate 1114-71-2

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5

Pentachlorodibenzofuran,

1,2,3,7,8-

57117-41-6

Pentachlorodibenzofuran,

2,3,4,7,8-

57117-31-4

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,

1,2,3,7,8-

40321-76-4

Pentachloroethane 76-01-7

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 82-68-8

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 1.0E-01

Pentadiene, 1,3- 504-60-9

Phenacetin 62-44-2

Phenanthrene 85-01-8

Phenol 108-95-2 6.0E-01 provisional

RfC=0.006 mg/m3

(63FR64371)

Phenyl mercuric acetate 62-38-4

Phenylenediamine, m- (1,3-) 108-45-2

Phenylenediamine, p- 106-50-3

Phenylenediamines (N.O.S.) 25265-76-3

Phorate 298-02-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-odiethyl ester298-06-6

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-odiethyl-s-methyl3288-58-2

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-77

Phosphorodithioic acid, trimethyl

ester

2953-29-9

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 0.12 HEAST 1.0E-02

Physostigmine 57-47-6

Physostigmine salicylate 57-64-7

Picoline, 2- 109-06-8

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

(Aroclors)

1336-36-3

Potassium

dimethyldithiocarbamate

128-03-0

Potassium N-hydroxymethyl Nmethyldithiocarbamate51026-28-9

Potassium Nmethyldithiocarbamate137-41-7

Promecarb 2631-37-0

Pronamide 23950-58-5

Propane sulfone, 1,3- 1120-71-4

Propargyl alcohol (propyn-1-ol,

2-)

107-19-7

Propham 122-42-9

Propoxur [Baygon][2-(1-

Methylethoxy)-phenol,

methylcarbamate]

114-26-1

Propylamine, n- 107-10-8

Propylthiouracil 51-52-5

Prosulfocarb 52888-80-9

Pyrene 129-00-0

Pyridine 110-86-1 inhal ADI=0.002

mkd, converts to

0.007 mg/m3

(HEEP)

Reserpine 50-55-5

Resorcinol 108-46-3

Saccharin and salts 81-07-2

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-78

Safrole 94-59-7

Selenium 7782-49-2 8.0E-05

Selenium, tetrakis-

(dimethyldithiocarbamate) 

[Selenium

dimethyldithiocarbamate]

144-34-3

Silver 7440-22-4 2.9E-02 RTI 2.0E-02

Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 136-30-1

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-04-1

Sodium fluoroacetate 62-74-8

Streptozotocin 18883-66-4

Strychnine (and salts) 57-24-9

Styrene 100-42-5 1 IRIS 0.06 1.0E+00

Sulfallate 95-06-7

Sulfide 18496-25-8 0.001 IRIS

TCDD, 2,3,7,8- 1746-01-6

Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 1634-02-2

Tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide 

[Bis-

(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)sulfide]

97-74-5

Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- 95-94-3

Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-

[2,3,7,8-TCDF]

51207-31-9

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 0.4

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.2 0.04 4.0E-02

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2 9.0E-02

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3

Tetraethyldithiopyro-phosphate 3689-24-5

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9

Thallium (I) 7440-28-0

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-79

Thioacetamide 62-55-5

Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

Thiofanox 39196-18-4

Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8

Thiophenol (Benzenethiol) 108-98-5

Thiosemicarbizide 79-19-6

Thiourea 62-56-6

Thiram 137-26-8

Tin 7440-31-5

Tirpate 26419-73-8

Toluene 108-88-3 0.4 IRIS 3 1 4.0E-01

Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4- 584-84-9 7.0E-05 IRIS

Toluene diisocyante, mixed

isomers [2,4- and 2,6-Toluene

diisocyanate mixture]

26471-62-5 7.0E-05 IRIS 7.0E-05

Toluenediamine, 2,4- 95-80-7

Toluenediamine, 2,6- 823-40-5

Toluenediamine, 3,4- 496-72-0

Toluidine hydrochloride, o- (2-

Methylaniline hydrochloride)

636-21-5

Toluidine, o- 95-53-4

Toluidine, p- 106-49-0

Toxaphene 8001-35-2

Triallate 2303-17-5

Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane,

1,1,2-

76-13-1 30 HEAST 9.0E+01

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1 0.2 HEAST

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 71-55-6 1 SF 2 0.7 1.0E+00

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 4.0E-01

Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) 79-01-6 2 0.1 6.0E-01

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 0.7 HEAST 2.0E+01

(continued)
Table 15A-4. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA RfCs

used in HWIR Alternate benchmarks

RfC air

(mg/m3

)

RfC

source

ATSDR

acute

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

intermed

inhal MRL

(ppm)

ATSDR

chronic

inhal MRL

(ppm)

CalEPA97

chronic

inhal REL

(mg/m3

)

Air Characteristic

Study (1999)

15-80

Trichloromethanethiol 75-70-7

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 88-06-2

Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid,

2-(2,4,5- (Silvex)

93-72-1

Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid,

2,4,5- (245-T)

93-76-5

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4 0.0003

Triethylamine 121-44-8 7.0E-03 IRIS 7.0E-03

Triethylphosphorothioate, O,O,O- 126-68-1

Trinitrobenzene, sym- (1,3,5-) 99-35-4

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl)

phosphate

126-72-7

Tris(1-azridinyl) phosphine

sulfide

52-24-4

Trypan blue 72-57-1

Uracil mustard 66-75-1

Vanadium 7440-62-2 0.0002

mg/m3

RfC=0.00007

mg/m3 (AC)

Vernolate [Vernam] 1929-77-7

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 0.2 IRIS 0.01 2.0E-01

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 0.5 0.03 5.0E-03

Warfarin 81-81-2

Xylene, m- 108-38-3

Xylene, o- 95-47-6

Xylene, p- 106-42-3

Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7 1 0.7 0.1 2.0E-01

Zinc 7440-66-6 9.0E-04

Ziram 137-30-4
Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

15-81

Table 15A-5. Available Inhalation Cancer Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

A2123 [Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) -

N-hydroxy-2-oxo-,methyl ester]

30558-43-1

Acenaphthene 83-32-9

Acenaphthylene 208-96-8

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 0.0077 calc 0.0000022 IRIS 2.70E-06

Acetone 67-64-1

Acetonitrile 75-05-8

Acetophenone 98-86-2

Acetyl chloride 75-36-5

Acetyl-2-thiourea, 1- 591-08-2

Acetylaminofluorene, 2- 53-96-3 see

CalEPA

3.80E+00 1.30E-03

Acrolein 107-02-8

Acrylamide 79-06-1 4.5 HEAST 0.0013 IRIS 4.50E+00 1.30E-03

Acrylic acid 79-10-7

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 0.24 HEAST 0.000068 IRIS 1.00E+00 2.90E-04

Aflatoxins 1402-68-2

Aldicarb 116-06-3

Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4

Aldrin 309-00-2 17 HEAST 0.0049 IRIS 1.70E+01 4.90E-03

Allyl alcohol 107-18-6

Allyl chloride 107-05-1 see

CalEPA

2.10E-02 6.00E-06

Aminobiphenyl,4- 92-67-1 see

CalEPA

2.10E+01 6.00E-03

Aminomethyl-3-isoxazolol,5- 2763-96-4

Aminopyridine, 4- 504-24-5

Amitrole 61-82-5 see

CalEPA

9.40E-01 2.70E-04

Aniline 62-53-3 see

CalEPA

1.60E-06

Anthracene 120-12-7

Antimony 7440-36-0

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-82

Aramite 140-57-8 0.025 HEAST 0.0000071 IRIS 3.00E-02 8.60E-06

Arsenic 7440-38-2 15 calc 0.0043 IRIS 1.20E+00 3.30E-03

Auramine 492-80-8 see

CalEPA

8.80E-01 2.50E-04

Auramine O (Auramine hydrochloride) 2465-27-2

Azaserine 115-02-6 see

CalEPA

1.10E+01 3.10E-03

Barban 101-27-9

Barium 7440-39-3

Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

Bendiocarb phenol 22961-82-6

Benomyl 17804-35-2

Benz(a)anthracene 56-55-3 see

CalEPA

or TEF

3.90E-01 1.10E-04

Benz(c)acridine 225-51-4

Benzal chloride [Dichloromethyl benzene] 98-87-3

Benzene 71-43-2 0.029 HEAST 0.0000083 IRIS 1.00E-01 2.90E-05

Benzidine 92-87-5 230 IRIS 0.067 SF 5.00E+02 1.40E-01

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 see

CalEPA

3.90E+00 1.10E-03

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2 see

CalEPA

or TEF

3.90E-01 1.10E-04

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2

Benzo(j)fluoranthene 205-82-3

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9 see

CalEPA

1.1E-04

Benzoquinone, p- 106-51-4

Benzotrichloride 98-07-7

Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6

Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 see

CalEPA

1.70E-01 4.90E-05

Beryllium 7440-41-7 8.4 HEAST 0.0024 IRIS 8.40E+00 2.40E-03

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-83

Bis (2-chloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9 0.035 HEAST 1.0E-5 HEAST

Bis (chloromethyl) ether 542-88-1 220 HEAST 0.062 IRIS 4.60E+01 1.30E-02

Bis(2-chlorethyl)ether 111-44-4 1.1 HEAST 0.00033 IRIS 2.50E+00 7.10E-04

Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether [2,2'-Oxybis(1-

chloropropane)]

108-60-1 0.035 HEAST

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 see

CalEPA

2.40E-06

Bis-(pentamethylene)-thiuram tetrasulfide 120-54-7

Bromoacetone 598-31-2

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 see

CalEPA

or AC

1.30E-01 3.70E-05

Bromoform 75-25-2 0.0039 HEAST 0.0000011 IRIS

Bromophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 101-55-3

Brucine 357-57-3

Butanol 71-36-3

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7

Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2-sec- 88-85-7

Butylate 2008-41-5

Cadmium 7440-43-9 6.3 calc 0.0018 IRIS 1.50E+01 4.20E-03

Carbaryl 63-25-2

Carbazole 86-74-8

Carbendazim 10605-21-7

Carbofuran 1563-66-2

Carbofuran phenol 1563-38-8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0

Carbon oxyfluoride 353-50-4

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 0.053 HEAST 0.000015 IRIS 1.50E-01 4.20E-05

Carbosulfan 55285-14-8

Chloral 75-87-6

Chlorambucil 305-03-3 see

CalEPA

4.40E+02 1.30E-01

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-84

Chlordane 57-74-9 1.3 HEAST 1.0E-4 IRIS 1.20E+00 3.40E-04

Chlornaphazin 494-03-1

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- 126-99-8

Chloroacetaldehyde 107-20-0

Chloroaniline, p- 106-47-8

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7

Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6 0.27 HEAST 0.000078 HEAST 1.10E-01 3.10E-05

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 see

CalEPA

or AC

9.40E-02 2.70E-05

Chloroethane 75-00-3

Chloroethyl vinyl ether, 2- 110-75-8

Chloroform 67-66-3 0.081 HEAST 0.000023 IRIS 5.30E-06

Chloro-m-cresol, p- 59-50-7

Chloromethyl methyl ether 107-30-2 see

CalEPA

2.40E+00 6.90E-04

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7

Chloro-o-toluidine hydrochloride, 4- 3165-93-3

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8

Chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 4- 7005-72-3

Chlorophenyl thiourea, 1-o 5344-82-1

Chloropropionitrile, 3- 542-76-7

Chromium (total) 7440-47-3 41 HEAST see VI see VI see VI

Chromium III (insoluble salts) 16065-83-1

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 41 HEAST 0.012 IRIS 5.10E+02 1.50E-01

Chrysene 218-01-9 see

CalEPA

3.90E-02 1.10E-05

Citrus red No. 2 6358-53-8

Cobalt 7440-48-4

Copper 7440-50-8

Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate 137-29-1

Cresol, m- 108-39-4

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-85

Cresol, o- 95-48-7

Cresol, p- 106-44-5

Crotonaldehyde 4170-30-3

Cumene 98-82-8

Cumenyl methylcarbamate, m- 64-00-6

Cyanide (amenable) 57-12-5

Cycasin 14901-08-7

Cycloate 1134-23-2

Cyclohexane 110-82-7

Cyclohexanone 108-94-1

Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2- (2,4-Dinitro-6-

cyclohexylphenol or Dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol)

131-89-5

Cyclophosphamide 50-18-0 see

CalEPA

6.10E-01 1.70E-04

Daunomycin 20830-81-3

Dazomet 533-74-4

DDD 72-54-8 see

CalEPA

2.40E-01 6.90E-05

DDD (o,p') 53-19-0

DDE 72-55-9 see

CalEPA

3.40E-01 9.70E-05

DDE (o,p') 3424-82-6

DDT (o,p') 789-02-6

DDT (p,p') 50-29-3 0.34 HEAST 0.000097 IRIS 3.40E-01 9.70E-05

Diallate 2303-16-4

Dibenz(a,h)acridine 226-36-8 see TEF TEF=0.1

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 53-70-3 see

CalEPA

4.10E+00 1.20E-03

Dibenz(a,j)acridine 224-42-0 see TEF TEF=0.1

Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 192-65-4 see TEF TEF=1.0

Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 189-64-0 see TEF TEF=10.0

Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 189-55-9 see TEF TEF=10.0

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-86

Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7H- 194-59-2 see

CalEPA

3.90E+00 1.10E-03

Dibenzofuran 132-64-9

Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- 96-12-8 0.0024 HEAST 0.00000069 HEAST 7.00E+00 2.00E-03

Dichloro-2-butene, 1,4- 764-41-0 9.3 HEAST 0.0026 HEAST

Dichloro-2-butene, trans- 1,4- 110-57-6 9.3 HEAST 2.6E-03 HEAST

Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3- 96-23-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 95-50-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,3- 541-73-1

Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 106-46-7 see

CalEPA

1.10E-05

Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'- 91-94-1 see

CalEPA

1.20E+00 3.40E-04

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 see

CalEPA

0.0057 1.60E-06

Dichloroethane, 1,2- 107-06-2 0.091 calc 0.000026 IRIS 7.00E-02 2.20E-05

Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 75-35-4 0.2 HEAST 0.00005 IRIS

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2

Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5

Dichloromethoxy ethane 111-91-1

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2

Dichlorophenol, 2,6- 87-65-0

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- (2,4-D) 94-75-7

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 see

CalEPA

6.30E-02 1.80E-05

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 0.13 HEAST 0.000037 HEAST 5.50E-02 1.60E-05

Dichloropropene, cis-1,3- 10061-01-5 0.13 HEAST 0.000037 HEAST

Dichloropropene, trans-1,3- 10061-02-6 0.13 HEAST 0.000037 HEAST

Dieldrin 60-57-1 16 HEAST 0.0046 IRIS 1.60E+01 4.60E-03

Diepoxybutane, 1,2,3,4- (2,2'-bioxirane) 1464-53-5

Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothiate, O,O- 297-97-2

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-87

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2

Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 5952-26-1

Diethylhydrazine, N,N- 1615-80-1

Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 311-45-5

Diethylstilbestrol 56-53-1 see

CalEPA

3.50E+02 1.10E-01

Dihydrosafrole 94-58-6 see

CalEPA

4.40E-02 1.30E-05

Dimethoate 60-51-5

Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1

Dimethylamine 124-40-3

Dimethylaminoazobenzene, p- 60-11-7 see

CalEPA

1.30E-03

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 7,12- 57-97-6 see

CalEPA

8.40E+01 2.40E-02

Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'- 119-93-7

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 79-44-7 see

CalEPA

1.30E+01 3.70E-03

Dimethylphenethyamine, alpha-, alpha- 122-09-8

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9

Dimethyoxybenzidine, 3,3'- 119-90-4

Dimetilan 644-64-4

Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4

Dinitro-o-cresol, 4,6- 534-52-1

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 see

CalEPA

or AC

3.10E-01 8.90E-05

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0

Di-n-propylamine [Dipropylamine] 142-84-7

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-88

Dioxane, 1,4- 123-91-1 see

CalEPA

7.70E-06

Diphenylamine 122-39-4

Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2- 122-66-7 0.8 HEAST 0.00022 IRIS 8.70E-01 2.50E-04

Disulfiram [Tetraethylthiuram disulfide] 97-77-8

Disulfoton 298-04-4

Dithiobiuret 541-53-7

Endosulfan 115-29-7

Endosulfan I 959-98-8

Endosulfan II 33213-65-9

Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8

Endothall 145-73-3

Endrin 72-20-8

Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4

Endrin ketone 53494-70-5

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 0.0042 HEAST 0.0000012 IRIS 8.00E-02 2.30E-05

Epinephrine 51-43-4

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5

Ethyl acetate 141-78-6

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5

Ethyl carbamate 51-79-6 see

CalEPA

2.90E-04

Ethyl cyanide (propionitrile) 107-12-0

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate, S- [EPTC] 759-94-4

Ethyl ether 60-29-7

Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2

Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0

Ethyl Ziram 14324-55-1

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4

Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane) 106-93-4 0.76 HEAST 0.00022 IRIS 7.10E-05

Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 0.35 HEAST 1.0E-4 HEAST 8.80E-05

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-89

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 see

CalEPA

1.30E-05

Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters 111-54-6

Ethyleneimine (aziridine) 151-56-4 see

CalEPA

6.50E+01 1.90E-02

Famphur 52-85-7

Ferbam 14484-64-1

Fluoracetamide, 2- 640-19-7

Fluoracetic acid, sodium salt (Sodium

fluoroacetate)

62-74-8

Fluoranthene 206-44-0

Fluorene 86-73-7

Fluoride 16984-48-8

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 0.045 HEAST 0.000013 IRIS 2.10E-02 6.00E-06

Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

Formic Acid 64-18-6

Formparanate 17702-57-7

Furan 110-00-9

Furancarbox-aldehyde, 2- (furfural) 98-01-1

Glycidylaldehyde 765-34-4

Heptachlor 76-44-8 4.5 HEAST 0.0013 IRIS 5.70E+00 1.60E-03

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 9.1 HEAST 0.0026 IRIS 1.30E+01 3.70E-03

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- 67562-39-4 1500 TEF=0.01 EPA 3.80E-01

Heptachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9- 55673-89-7 1500 TEF=0.01 EPA 3.80E-01

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- 35822-46-9 1500 TEF=0.01 EPA 3.80E-01

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 0.078 HEAST 0.000022 IRIS

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 1.6 HEAST 0.00046 IRIS 1.80E+00 5.10E-04

Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha- (alpha-HCH) 319-84-6 6.3 HEAST 0.0018 IRIS

Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta- (beta-HCH) 319-85-7 1.8 HEAST 0.00053 IRIS

Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta (delta-HCH) 319-86-8

Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma- (Lindane) 58-89-9 see

CalEPA

1.10E+00 3.10E-04

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-90

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8- 70648-26-9 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8- 57117-44-9 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8,9- 72918-21-9 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,6,7,8- 60851-34-5 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,7,8- 39227-28-6 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,6,7,8- 57653-85-7 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8,9- 19408-74-3 4550 calc 1.3E+00 IRIS 3.80E+00

Hexachloroethane 67-72-1 0.014 HEAST 0.000004 IRIS 3.90E-02 1.10E-05

Hexachlorophene 70-30-4

Hexachloropropene 1888-71-7

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 757-58-4

Hexanone, 2- 591-78-6

Hydrazine (and hydrazine sulfate); CAS and FR =

hydrazine only

302-01-2 17 HEAST 0.0049 IRIS 1.70E+01 4.90E-03

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene 193-39-5 see

CalEPA

3.90E-01 1.10E-04

Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 3- 55406-53-6

Iodomethane 74-88-4

Isobutyl alcohol 78-83-1

Isodrin 465-73-6

Isolan [Isopropyl methyl pyrazolyl

dimethylcarbamate]

119-38-0

Isophorone 78-59-1

Isosafrole 120-58-1

Kepone 143-50-0 see

CalEPA

1.60E+01 4.60E-03

Lasiocarpine 303-34-4 see

CalEPA

7.80E+00 2.20E-03

Lead 7439-92-1 see

CalEPA

4.20E-02 1.20E-05

Maleic anhydride 108-31-6

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-91

Malononitrile 109-77-3

Manganese dimethyldithiocarbamate 15339-36-3

Melphalan 148-82-3 see

CalEPA

1.30E+02 3.70E-02

Mercury 7439-97-6

Metam Sodium 137-42-8

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7

Methanethiol [methyl mercaptan] 74-93-1

Methanol 67-56-1

Methapyrilene 91-80-5

Methiocarb 2032-65-7

Methomyl 16752-77-5

Methoxychlor 72-43-5

Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) 74-83-9

Methyl chloride (Chloromethane) 74-87-3 0.0063 HEAST 0.0000018 HEAST

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4

Methyl hydrazine 60-34-4

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6

Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3 see

CalEPA

9.90E-02 2.80E-05

Methyl parathion 298-00-0

Methylaziridine, 2- 75-55-8

Methylcholanthrene, 3- 56-49-5 see

CalEPA

7.40E+00 2.10E-03

Methylene bromide 74-95-3

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 0.0016 calc 0.00000047 IRIS 3.50E-03 1.00E-06

Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 4,4'- 101-14-4 0.13 HEAST 0.000037 HEAST 1.50E+00 4.30E-04

Methylnaphthalene, 2- 91-57-6

Methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 70-25-7

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-92

Methylthiouracil 56-04-2 see

CalEPA

4.00E-01 1.10E-04

Metolcarb 1129-41-5

Mexacarbate 315-18-4

Mitomycin C 50-07-7 see

CalEPA

8.20E+03 2.30E+00

Molinate 2212-67-1

Molybdenum 7439-98-7

Naphthalene 91-20-3

Naphthoquinone, 1,4- 130-15-4

Naphthyl-2-thiourea, 1- 86-88-4

Naphthylamine, 1- 134-32-7

Naphthylamine, 2- 91-59-8 see

CalEPA

1.80E+00

Nickel 7440-02-0 0.84 calc 0.00024

(Ni dust)

IRIS 2.60E-04

Nicotine and salts 54-11-5

Nitroaniline, 2- 88-74-4

Nitroaniline, 3- 99-09-2

Nitroaniline, 4- 100-01-6

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3

Nitrogen mustard 55-86-7

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride salt 51-75-2

Nitrogen mustard N- Oxide 126-85-2

Nitrogen mustard N-Oxide HCl salt 302-70-5

Nitroglycerine 55-63-0

Nitro-o-toluidine, 5- (2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline) 99-55-8

Nitrophenol, 2- 88-75-5

Nitrophenol, 4- 100-02-7

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9 9.4 HEAST 0.0027 HEAST

Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4- 56-57-5

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1116-54-7 see

CalEPA

2.80E+00 8.00E-04

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-93

N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5 150 HEAST 0.043 IRIS 3.60E+01 1.00E-02

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9 51 HEAST 0.014 IRIS 1.60E+01 4.60E-03

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3 5.4 HEAST 0.0016 IRIS 1.10E-01

N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 621-64-7 see

CalEPA

7.00E+00 2.00E-03

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6 see

CalEPA

2.60E-06

N-Nitrosomethyl vinyl amine 4549-40-0

N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10595-95-6 see

CalEPA

6.30E-03

N-Nitrosomorpholine 59-89-2 see

CalEPA

1.90E-03

N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea 759-73-9 see

CalEPA

2.70E+01 7.70E-03

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 684-93-5 see

CalEPA

1.20E+02 3.40E-02

N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane 615-53-2 see

CalEPA

1.10E+02 3.10E-02

N-Nitrosonomicotine 16543-55-8 see

CalEPA

1.40E+00 4.00E-04

N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4 see

CalEPA

9.40E+00 2.70E-03

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2 2.1 HEAST 0.00061 IRIS 2.10E+00 6.00E-04

N-Nitrososarcosine 13256-22-9

N-Phenylthiourea 103-85-5

Octachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- [OCDF] 39001-02-0 150 calc TEF=0.001 EPA

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9- 

[OCDD]

3268-87-9 150 calc TEF=0.001 EPA

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide 152-16-9

Osmium tetroxide 20816-12-0

Oxamyl 23135-22-0

Paraldehyde 123-63-7

Parathion 56-38-2

Pebulate 1114-71-2

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-94

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8- 57117-41-6 7500 calc TEF=0.05 EPA 1.90E+00

Pentachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,4,7,8- 57117-31-4 75000 calc TEF=0.5 EPA 1.90E+01

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8- 40321-76-4 75000 calc TEF=0.5 EPA 1.90E+01

Pentachloroethane 76-01-7

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 82-68-8

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 see

CalEPA

5.10E-06

Pentadiene, 1,3- 504-60-9

Phenacetin 62-44-2 see

CalEPA

2.20E-03 6.30E-07

Phenanthrene 85-01-8

Phenol 108-95-2

Phenyl mercuric acetate 62-38-4

Phenylenediamine, m- (1,3-) 108-45-2

Phenylenediamine, p- 106-50-3

Phenylenediamines (N.O.S.) 25265-76-3

Phorate 298-02-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl ester 298-06-6

Phosphorodithioic acid, o-o-diethyl-s-methyl 3288-58-2

Phosphorodithioic acid, trimethyl ester 2953-29-9

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9

Physostigmine 57-47-6

Physostigmine salicylate 57-64-7

Picoline, 2- 109-06-8

Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors) 1336-36-3 0.4 IRIS 0.0001

(evaporatd

congener)

IRIS 5.7E-4

(high)

2.0E-5

 (low)

Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-03-0

Potassium N-hydroxymethyl Nmethyldithiocarbamate51026-28-9

Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate 137-41-7

Promecarb 2631-37-0

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-95

Pronamide 23950-58-5

Propane sulfone, 1,3- 1120-71-4 see

CalEPA

6.90E-04

Propargyl alcohol (propyn-1-ol, 2-) 107-19-7

Propham 122-42-9

Propoxur [Baygon][2-(1-Methylethoxy)-phenol,

methylcarbamate]

114-26-1

Propylamine, n- 107-10-8

Propylthiouracil 51-52-5 see

CalEPA

1.00E+00 2.90E-04

Prosulfocarb 52888-80-9

Pyrene 129-00-0

Pyridine 110-86-1

Reserpine 50-55-5 see

CalEPA

1.10E+01 3.10E-03

Resorcinol 108-46-3

Saccharin and salts 81-07-2

Safrole 94-59-7 see

CalEPA

2.20E-01 6.30E-05

Selenium 7782-49-2

Selenium, tetrakis-(dimethyldithiocarbamate) 

[Selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate]

144-34-3

Silver 7440-22-4

Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 136-30-1

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 128-04-1

Sodium fluoroacetate 62-74-8

Streptozotocin 18883-66-4 see

CalEPA

1.10E+02 3.10E-02

Strychnine (and salts) 57-24-9

Styrene 100-42-5

Sulfallate 95-06-7 see

CalEPA

1.90E-01 5.40E-05

Sulfide 18496-25-8

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-96

TCDD, 2,3,7,8- 1746-01-6 150000 HEAST 0.000033 HEAST 1.30E+05 3.80E+01

Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 1634-02-2

Tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide [Bis-

(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)sulfide]

97-74-5

Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- 95-94-3

Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8- [2,3,7,8-TCDF] 51207-31-9 15000 calc TEF=0.1 EPA 3.80E+00

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 0.026 HEAST 0.0000074 IRIS

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 0.2 HEAST 0.000058 IRIS 5.80E-05

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.002 SF 5.8E-06 SF 2.10E-02 5.90E-06

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 107-49-3

Tetraethyldithiopyro-phosphate 3689-24-5

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9

Thallium (I) 7440-28-0

Thioacetamide 62-55-5 see

CalEPA

1.70E-03

Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

Thiofanox 39196-18-4

Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8

Thiophenol (Benzenethiol) 108-98-5

Thiosemicarbizide 79-19-6

Thiourea 62-56-6 see

CalEPA

7.20E-02 2.10E-05

Thiram 137-26-8

Tin 7440-31-5

Tirpate 26419-73-8

Toluene 108-88-3

Toluene diisocyanate, 2,4- 584-84-9 see

CalEPA

1.10E-05

Toluene diisocyante, mixed isomers [2,4- and 2,6-

Toluene diisocyanate mixture]

26471-62-5 see

CalEPA

3.90E-02 1.10E-05

Toluenediamine, 2,4- 95-80-7 see

CalEPA

1.10E-03

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-97

Toluenediamine, 2,6- 823-40-5

Toluenediamine, 3,4- 496-72-0

Toluidine hydrochloride, o- (2-Methylaniline

hydrochloride)

636-21-5 see

CalEPA

1.30E-01 3.70E-05

Toluidine, o- 95-53-4 see

CalEPA

or AC

1.80E-01 5.10E-05

Toluidine, p- 106-49-0

Toxaphene 8001-35-2 1.1 HEAST 0.00032 IRIS 1.20E+00 3.40E-04

Triallate 2303-17-5

Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2- 76-13-1

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 71-55-6

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 0.057 HEAST 0.000016 IRIS 1.60E-05

Trichloroethylene (1,1,2-) 79-01-6 0.006 SF 1.7E-06 SF 1.00E-02 2.00E-06

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4

Trichloromethanethiol 75-70-7

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 88-06-2 0.01 HEAST 0.0000031 IRIS 7.00E-02 2.00E-05

Trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 2-(2,4,5- (Silvex) 93-72-1

Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5- (245-T) 93-76-5

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4

Triethylamine 121-44-8

Triethylphosphorothioate, O,O,O- 126-68-1

Trinitrobenzene, sym- (1,3,5-) 99-35-4

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 126-72-7 see

CalEPA

2.30E+00 6.60E-04

Tris(1-azridinyl) phosphine sulfide 52-24-4 see

CalEPA

1.20E+01 3.40E-03

Trypan blue 72-57-1

Uracil mustard 66-75-1

Vanadium 7440-62-2

(continued)
Table 15A-5. (continued)

Appendix A 15.0 Human Health Benchmarks

Chemical Name CASRN

EPA inh CSFs

used in HWIR

EPA or best

alternate URF

Alternate

benchmarks

Inhal CSF -

air

(mg/kg/d)-1

Inhal

CSF

source

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

Inhal

URF

source

CalEPA

Inhal CSF

(mg/kg/d)-1

CalEPA

Inhal URF

(ug/m3

)

-1

15-98

Vernolate [Vernam] 1929-77-7

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 0.30 HEAST 0.000084 HEAST 2.70E-01 7.80E-05

Warfarin 81-81-2

Xylene, m- 108-38-3

Xylene, o- 95-47-6

Xylene, p- 106-42-3

Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7

Zinc 7440-66-6

Ziram 137-30-4