United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Agricultural 

Marketing 

Service 

Fruit and 

Vegetable 

Programs 

Fresh Products 

Branch

Broccoli 

Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions 

November 2008 

 

 
Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions for 

Italian Sprouting Broccoli 

These inspection instructions are specifically developed and designed by the 

Fresh Products Branch to assist officially licensed inspectors in the interpretation and 

application of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli, Section 

51.3555. 

These instructions do not establish any substantial rule not legally authorized by 

the official grade standards. This publication supersedes any previously issued 

inspection instructions. 

Refer to General Inspection Instructions for additional information pertaining to 

date, inspection point, carrier, condition of carrier, lading, etc. not covered in these 

instructions. Reference to “General Inspection Instructions” in all Fresh Product Branch 

publications refers to any one or all of the following - General Shipping Point Inspection 

Instructions, General Market Inspection Instructions, or Fresh Fruit and Vegetable 

Certificate Writing Handbooks. 

Any portion of these instructions beginning with a section number such as 51.--- 

and followed with bold print are sections or portions of sections copied directly from the 

U.S. standards. The U.S. Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli are printed 

in the appendix of this instruction. All of the U.S. standards are available on the internet 

under the USDA homepage. 

This replaces inspection instructions dated, March 1999. 

November 2008 

This publication may be duplicated without authorization from USDA
i 

Factors noted with (Q) are considered quality only. Factors noted with (C) are 

considered condition at market. Factors noted with (Q or C) may be quality or condition 

depending on the circumstances. Factors not designated do not pertain to either 

category. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

DIAGRAM OF HEAD AND SHOOT OF BROCCOLI ..................................................... iii

DIAGRAM OF BROCCOLI CROWN AND FLORET ..................................................... iv

GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 1

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING .................................................................................... 1

SIZE OF SAMPLE ............................................................................................................ 1

NUMBERS OF SAMPLES................................................................................................... 2

TOLERANCES AND APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES .............................................. 2

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES ........................................................................................ 4

NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE ................................................................................. 6

PRODUCT ...................................................................................................................... 6

NUMBER/TYPE OF CONTAINERS ...................................................................................... 6

BRANDS/MARKINGS ........................................................................................................ 7

ORIGIN .......................................................................................................................... 7

CONDITION OF PACK ................................................................................................... 7

Pack Ice ................................................................................................................... 7

TEMPERATURE OF PRODUCT .................................................................................... 8

SIZE ................................................................................................................................ 8

BUNCHED BROCCOLI – SIZE REQUIREMENT CHART........................................................... 8

BROCCOLI CROWNS – SIZE REQUIREMENT CHART............................................................ 9

BROCCOLI FLORETS – SIZE REQUIREMENT CHART............................................................ 9

REPORTING SIZE .......................................................................................................... 11

Diameter ................................................................................................................ 11

Length .................................................................................................................... 12

Marking as to Count ............................................................................................... 12

DEFECTS (QUALITY AND CONDITION) ..................................................................... 12

BLIGHTED BUDS (Q) ..................................................................................................... 13

BRUISING (C) ............................................................................................................... 13

CLEANNESS (Q) ........................................................................................................... 13

COMPACTNESS (Q) ...................................................................................................... 14
ii

DISCOLORATION (C) ..................................................................................................... 14

Bud Clusters........................................................................................................... 14

Leaves ................................................................................................................... 15

FREEZING AND FREEZING INJURY (C) ............................................................................. 15

Package and Top Ice Freezing .............................................................................. 16

Freezing of Melted Pack Ice ................................................................................... 16

FRESHNESS (C) ........................................................................................................... 16

HOLLOW STEMS (Q) ..................................................................................................... 17

INSECT DAMAGE (Q OR C) ............................................................................................ 17

MATURITY (C) .............................................................................................................. 18

Flowering Bud Clusters .......................................................................................... 18

Enlarged Buds ........................................................................................................ 18

STEM TEXTURE (Q) ...................................................................................................... 18

TRIMMING (Q) .............................................................................................................. 19

WATERSOAKED AREAS (C) ........................................................................................... 20

DECAY (C) ................................................................................................................... 20

APPENDIX I: U.S. GRADE STANDARDS ................................................................... 21

UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF ITALIAN SPROUTING BROCCOLI .................. 21

Appendix II: Examples ............................................................................................... 26

EXAMPLE 1 – INSPECTION NOTESHEET .......................................................................... 26

EXAMPLE 1 – INSPECTION SCORESHEET ........................................................................ 27

EXAMPLE 1 – WRITTEN FV 300 CERTIFICATE ................................................................. 28

EXAMPLE 1 – FEIRS FV 300 CERTIFICATE .................................................................... 29

EXAMPLE 2 – INSPECTION NOTESHEET .......................................................................... 30

EXAMPLE 2 – INSPECTION SCORESHEET ........................................................................ 31

EXAMPLE 2 – WRITTEN FV 300 CERTIFICATE ................................................................. 32

EXAMPLE 2 – FEIRS FV 300 CERTIFICATE .................................................................... 33

EXAMPLE 3 – INSPECTION NOTESHEET .......................................................................... 34

EXAMPLE 3 – INSPECTION SCORESHEET ........................................................................ 35

EXAMPLE 3 – WRITTEN FV 300 CERTIFICATE ................................................................. 36

EXAMPLE 3 – FEIRS FV 300 CERTIFICATE .................................................................... 37

EXAMPLE 4 – INSPECTION NOTESHEET .......................................................................... 38

EXAMPLE 4 – INSPECTION SCORESHEET ........................................................................ 39

EXAMPLE 4 – WRITTEN FV 300 CERTIFICATE ................................................................. 40

EXAMPLE 4 – FEIRS FV 300 CERTIFICATE: PAGE 1 OF 2 ................................................ 41

EXAMPLE 4 – FEIRS FV 300 CERTIFICATE: PAGE 2 OF 2 ................................................ 42
iii 

Diagram of Head and Shoot of Broccoli 
iv

Diagram of Broccoli Crown and Floret 
1

GENERAL 

Broccoli is derived from the Latin for “branch” or arm” and the Italian for “shooting 

stalk.” It is a member of the cabbage family and most closely resembles cauliflower. 

California grows over 90 percent of the broccoli in the U.S., followed by Arizona in 

second place and Maine in third. 

The U.S. Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli apply to Bunched 

Broccoli, Broccoli Crowns and Broccoli Florets. Bunched broccoli are stalks bound 

together to form a single unit. Broccoli crowns are the heads of stalks that have cut off 

or shortened stems. Broccoli florets are bud clusters or pieces of bud clusters closely 

trimmed from the head, with the remaining stalk usually being one inch or less. 

Note: Refer to the handbook for Fresh-Cut Produce if broccoli florets are 

packaged in a mix with other fresh cut commodities such as cauliflower, carrots, etc. 

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING 

The importance of obtaining representative samples cannot be over 

emphasized. Accurate certification is possible only if the samples examined are truly 

representative of the entire lot or accessible portion. All portions of a lot or load should 

receive the same attention in sampling regardless of the difficulty involved in reaching 

all layers or parts of a lot or load. Anytime the entire lot requested is not accessible for 

sampling, the inspection and certificate must be restricted to the accessible portion. 

Size of Sample 

The tolerances of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli for 

quality and condition defects and size are determined on the basis of count. When not 

fairly uniform in size, percentages are determined on the basis of weight. 

§51.3561 Fairly uniform. “Fairly uniform” means: 

(a) For bunched broccoli: Bunches are considered fairly uniform if 

the diameter of the bunches within the container do not vary more 

than three inches. 

(b) For broccoli crowns: Crowns are considered to be fairly uniform 

if the diameter of the crowns within the container do not vary more 

than three inches. 

(c) For broccoli florets: Florets are considered fairly uniform if the 

diameter of the florets within the sample do not vary more than 1-1/2 

inches. 
2

The sample size for bunched broccoli and broccoli crowns will be the entire 

container. When in bulk bins the sample size will be a minimum of 25 specimens, if 

not fairly uniform then it will be 25 lbs. Broccoli bunches generally contain two or 

three stalks of broccoli. The entire bunch, not the individual stalk, is the unit of 

inspection when determining quality and condition. However, when determining size 

the individual stalk is the unit of inspection. 

The sample size for broccoli florets will consist of a minimum 100 count when 

packed loose in cartons or service packs. When broccoli florets are not fairly uniform, 

the sample size will consist of a minimum of 2 pounds, or the individual consumer unit. 

For florets packed in bulk or in nontraditional packs, sample on a similar basis. Broccoli 

florets are considered fairly uniform if the diameter of the florets do not vary more than 

1-1/2 inches within the sample. 

Numbers of Samples 

As a general rule a minimum of 1% of the lot must be examined. For lots of less 

than 300 packages a minimum of 3 samples must be examined. It is the inspector's 

responsibility to examine additional representative samples when the quality, condition, 

or size in samples is decidedly different to ensure an accurate description of the lot. 

TOLERANCES AND APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES 

§51.3559 Tolerances. In order to allow for variations incident to 

proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing grades, the 

following tolerances are provided as specified: 

For Bunched Broccoli. 

(a) For defects. Ten percent for bunches in any lot which fail to meet 

the requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more 

than 2 percent for bunches which are affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except 

that when bunches are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall 

be determined on the basis of weight. 

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the 

basis of count, except that when bunches are not fairly uniform in 

size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for 

stalks in any lot which fail to meet the size requirements of the 

specified grade or any sizes specified for length and diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of broccoli in a lot is specified to be “heads” 

or of a certain diameter and larger, no part of any tolerance shall be 

used to reduce such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but 
3

individual containers may have not more than 15 percentage points 

less than the percentage specified: Provided, That the entire lot 

averages within the percentage specified. 

For Broccoli Crowns. 

(a) For defects. Ten percent for crowns in any lot which fail to meet 

the requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more 

than 2 percent for crowns which are affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except 

that when crowns are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall be 

determined on the basis of weight. 

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the 

basis of count, except when crowns are not fairly uniform in size, 

percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for crowns 

in any lot which fail to meet the size requirements of the specified 

grade or any sizes specified for length and diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of the broccoli in a lot is specified as a certain 

diameter and larger, no part of any tolerance shall be used to reduce 

such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but individual containers 

may have not more than 15 percentage points less than the 

percentage specified: Provided, That the entire lot averages within 

the percentage specified. 

For Broccoli Florets. 

(a) For defects. Ten percent for florets in any lot which fail to meet 

the requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more 

than 2 percent for florets which are affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except 

that when florets are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall be 

determined on the basis of weight. 

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the 

basis of count, except when florets are not fairly uniform in size, 

percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for florets in 

any lot which fail to meet the size requirements of the specified 

grade or any sizes specified for length and diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of the broccoli florets in a lot is specified to 

be of a certain diameter and larger, no part of any tolerance shall be 

used to reduce such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but 

individual containers may have not more than 15 percentage points 
4

less than the percentage specified: Provided, That the entire lot 

averages within the percentage specified. 

The tolerances for bunched broccoli, broccoli crowns, and broccoli florets are 

summarized below: 

Total Defects 10% 

 including decay 2% 

Total Off-size 10% 

Note: The defect tolerance is determined on the basis of count or, when sample 

is not fairly uniform, by weight. The tolerance for size is also based on count when 

fairly uniform; otherwise, it is based on weight. The size tolerance applies only to length 

(stalk) and diameter (head), not the count of bunches, weight of bunches, diameter of 

butts or number of stalks per bunch. 

Application of Tolerances 

§51.3560 Application of tolerances. 

The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample 

inspection, are subject to the following limitations: 

For Bunched Broccoli. 

(a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any 

lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance 

specified, except that when the package contains 15 bunches or 

less, individual packages may contain not more than double the 

tolerance specified: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot 

are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in 

any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance specified: 

Provided, That at least one bunch which does not meet the 

requirements shall be allowed in any one package. And provided 

further, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances 

specified for the grade. 

For Broccoli Crowns. 

(a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any 

lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance 

specified, except when the package contains 15 crowns or less, 

individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance 
5

specified: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within 

the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in 

any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance specified: 

Provided, That at least one crown which does not meet the 

requirements shall be allowed in any one package. And provided 

further, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances 

specified for the grade. 

For Broccoli Florets. 

(a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any 

lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance 

specified, except when the package contains 3 pounds or less, 

individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance 

specified: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within 

the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in 

any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance specified: 

Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the 

tolerances specified for the grade. 

The application of tolerances for bunched broccoli, broccoli crowns, and broccoli 

florets are summarized below: 

Packages containing more than 15 bunches, or more than 15 crowns, or 

more than 3 pounds of florets: 

 Total Defects 10% x 1-1/2 = 15% 

 Including decay 2% x 2 = 4%

 Total Offsize 10% x 1-1/2 = 15%

Packages containing 15 bunches or less, or 15 crowns or less, or 3 pounds 

or less of florets: 

 Total Defects 10% x 2 = 20%

 Including decay 2% x 2 = 4%

 Total Offsize 10% x 2 = 20% 

 Except that at least one defective bunch or one defective crown will be 

 allowed in any one package provided the averages of the entire lot are 

 within the tolerances specified for the grade. 
6

NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE 

Entries on the notesheet and certificate must be kept in a legible and accurate 

manner. It is mandatory that all information which appears on the certificate be 

supported by information on the notesheet. It is the responsibility of the inspector to 

ensure that all information is properly recorded. Notations will be recorded so that 

anyone familiar with inspection procedures can interpret them and write a certificate. 

Also, notesheets and certificates are prima facie evidence and must be able to 

withstand legal scrutiny. 

Detailed instructions pertaining to date, inspection point, place of inspection, type 

of carrier, lading, etc., which are not covered by these instructions may be found in the 

General Inspection Instructions. Your supervisor may give you additional information 

and instructions. 

Product 

“Broccoli” will be used to describe this commodity in the “Product” heading. Type 

(Bunched, Crowns, Florets) must be reported in conjunction with broccoli or be reported 

in the “Product/Variety” section on the shipping point inspection certificate or in the “Lot 

ID” section on a market notesheet and certificate. 

Number/Type of Containers 

The number of containers will always be reported. In the market and at shipping 

point locations for stationary lot certification, the inspector will always verify the 

container count provided by the applicant for each lot and report it as the “inspector’s 

count.” If the number of containers available for inspection does not match the 

application it is the inspector’s responsibility to confirm that the amount presented for 

inspection constitutes the lot. If an accurate count cannot be determined the inspector 

may report the count at someone else’s authority. However, the reason for doing so 

must be reported on the notesheet (e.g., numerous pallets with mixed product). 

At shipping point locations for “days-run” certification the applicant generally 

provides a manifest for count and it is acceptable to use this for the number of 

containers. 

The most commonly used containers for shipping broccoli are wire-bound crates 

or waxed fiberboard cartons with the latter being the most widely used. The crates are 

generally used only when shipping within the production area. The type of container 

will always be reported under this heading. 
7

Brands/Markings 

The brand, variety, size, count, grade, weight, point of origin and other important 

information appearing on the container should be reported on the notesheet in the 

“Brands/Markings” section. Only the brand name and other key markings necessary to 

properly identify the lot for certification should appear in this section on the certificate. 

Origin 

The inspector should not make a positive statement on their own authority, but 

when container markings list the State or country of origin, it should be quoted in the 

appropriate space on the notesheet and the certificate. If origin is not marked, it is the 

inspector’s responsibility to make an effort to obtain this information for the applicant. 

This practice is necessary because some firms may use one mark on the same product 

packed in several States. The inspector can certify only to the marks and has no 

means of verifying what State or country the broccoli is grown. 

CONDITION OF PACK 

Bunched broccoli and broccoli crowns are generally packed in cartons two layers 

deep. The following terms are used to describe the tightness of the pack. Tightness 

refers to bunches within the layers and not the tightness of the contents against the top 

of the carton. 

Very Tight. The bunches are so tightly packed that it may cause bruising. 

Tight. Meaning that the broccoli is packed in such a way that the carton is 

sufficiently filled to prevent movement of the bunch from end to end or side to side of 

the carton. 

Fairly Tight. This pack is somewhat loose allowing for very slight movement 

within the container, but not enough to cause injury under normal handling conditions. 

Slack. Pack is definitely loose, allowing for considerable movement. The 

amount of slackness will be reported in inches or fractions of an inch below the top of 

the container. 

Pack Ice

The presence or absence of pack ice can be a very important factor in broccoli 

inspections. Therefore, in addition to reporting the tightness of the pack, report the 

amount of pack ice in the cartons. The following should be used to report the amount 

of pack ice: “No pack ice,” “Small amount of pack ice,” or “Good amount of pack ice.” 

For example, “Fairly tight, most good amount of pack ice, some small amount.” 
8

TEMPERATURE OF PRODUCT 

Inspectors would not normally determine or report temperatures at shipping 

point. However, due to the importance of the pulp temperature of fresh fruits and 

vegetables when in transit or at destination, it is essential that the inspector accurately 

determine and report the temperature or range in temperatures on each lot. Pulp 

temperature should be reported regardless of the location of the product, whether in the 

carrier, warehouse, or stacked on the platform. Pre-cool the thermometer in order to 

obtain true readings and report all temperatures to the nearest whole degree. 

A minimum of three temperatures for each lot must be taken and recorded on 

the notesheet. More temperatures must be taken if the lot is abnormally cold, heated, 

or there is a specific request for temperature, and these must be reported in greater 

detail specifying location in lot or load. 

SIZE 

Size is determined on the basis of weight, bunches must be taken apart and size 

factors determined separately. 

Bunched Broccoli – Size Requirement Chart 

Bunched Broccoli 

GRADE DIAMETER

LENGTH 

Minimum Maximum

U.S. Fancy 2-1/2 inches minimum 6 inches UOS* 8-1/2 inches 

UOS* 

U.S. No. 1 No requirement; may be 

specified 5 inches UOS* 9 inches UOS* 

U.S. No. 2 No requirement; may be 

specified No requirement; may be specified 

*UOS = Unless Otherwise Specified 
9

Broccoli Crowns – Size Requirement Chart 

Broccoli Crowns 

GRADE DIAMETER

LENGTH 

Minimum Maximum

U.S. Fancy Not less than 2-1/2 inches or 

more than 5 inches 

2-1/2 inches 

UOS** 5 inches UOS**

U.S. No. 1 No requirement; may be 

specified 

3-1/2 inches 

UOS** 6 inches UOS**

U.S. No. 2 No requirement; may be 

specified 

No requirement; may be 

specified 

**UOS = Unless Otherwise Specified 

Broccoli Florets – Size Requirement Chart 

Broccoli Florets 

GRADE DIAMETER

LENGTH 

Minimum Maximum

U.S. Fancy Not less than 3/4 inch or 

 more than 3 inches 1 inch UOS** 3-1/2 inches UOS** 

U.S. No. 1 Not less than 1 or 

 more than 4 inches 

1-1/2 inches 

UOS** 

4-1/2 inches 

UOS** 

U.S. No. 2 No requirement; may be 

 specified 

No requirement; may be 

specified 

**UOS = Unless Otherwise Specified 
10

§51.3558 Size specifications. 

Bunched Broccoli. 

(a) Diameter. The terms “heads” and “shoots” may be used to 

designate size of stalks in connection with U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 

grades. If heads and shoots are mixed, the percentage, by weight, of 

heads contained in the lot may be specified. 

(1) The minimum or maximum diameter, or both, in terms of inches 

and quarter inches, in the U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades, may be 

specified for the lot as a whole or for a certain percentage, by weight 

or by count (when fairly uniform), of the lot; for example: “2 inches 

minimum,” or “50 percent 3-1/4 inches or larger,” or “75 percent 2- 

1/2 inches or larger.” 

(b) Length. The minimum or maximum length, or both, in terms of 

inches or half inches, may be specified for all grades in connection 

with the grade in accordance with the facts; for example: “7 inches 

minimum length,” or “6-1/2 to 8-1/2 inches long.” 

Broccoli Crowns. 

(a) Diameter. (1) For U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades, the minimum 

or maximum diameter, or both, in terms of inches and quarter 

inches, may be specified for the lot as a whole or for a certain 

percentage, by weight or count (when fairly uniform), of the lot. 

(b) Length. The minimum or maximum length, or both, in terms of 

inches or half inches, may be specified for all grades in connection 

with the grade in accordance with the facts. 

Broccoli Florets. 

§51.3556 U.S. No. 1. (Requirement of the grade.) 

For Broccoli Florets. (c) The diameter of each floret shall be not less 

than 1 inch or more than 4 inches. Unless otherwise specified, the 

length of each floret shall not be less than 1-1/2 inch or more than 4-

1/2 inches. 

It is important to note that when size is specified in connection with the grade for 

the diameter of the head, it is specified in inches or quarter inches. Specified lengths 

are reported in inches or half inches. 
11

Reporting Size 

The following terms defined in the standard are used in conjunction with 

describing the size of broccoli. 

§51.3562 Stalk. “Stalk” means a portion of the broccoli plant 

including the stem, bud clusters and leaves. Individual stalks may 

be designated as “heads” or “shoots” as follows: 

(a) “Head” means a stalk of broccoli having a cluster of closely 

associated buds which is 2-1/4 inches or larger in diameter. 

(b) “Shoot” means a stalk of broccoli having bud clusters which fail 

to meet the requirements for a head. 

§51.3563 Bunch. “Bunch” means stalks bound together to form a 

unit. A single stalk may be considered a bunch if it is approximately 

as large as other bunches in the lot. 

When reporting size (length and/or diameter when applicable) a range must be 

reported. Dimensions will be reported in inches and fractions of inches. If there is a 

wide range in size, it is desirable to show the size of “most” of the specimens in order to 

give the general size impression of the lot. Size columns are to be kept on notesheets 

to substantiate the size reported on the certificate. When size is otherwise specified, it 

is reported in connection with the grade. For example, “U.S. No. 2, 3 inch minimum 

diameter.” 

Occasionally, applicants request that the diameter of the butt, the number of 

stalks per bunch or the weight of the bunches (report to the nearest 1/4 pound) be 

reported. The range and average for the lot is to be reported in the “OTHER” section 

on market certificates and the “Description of Product” section on shipping point 

certificates. It will be necessary to state in the “REMARKS” section of the certificate 

and notesheet “Reported at applicant’s request.” Tolerances do not apply to these 

types of size requests (see tolerances and application of tolerances). 

Diameter

§51.3572 Diameter. “Diameter” means the average measurement 

across the bud cluster at the top of the stalk, crown, or floret. 

To determine the average diameter of the stalk measure the largest and smallest 

width of the stalk, crown, or floret (across the bud clusters), add them together and then 

divide by two. 

The terms “heads” and “shoots” may be used to designate size of stalks in 

connection with U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades. If heads and shoots are mixed, the 

percentage by weight of heads contained in the lot may be specified. In order to 
12

determine the percentage of each it will be necessary to open several bunches and 

separate the heads from the shoots. 

The U.S. Fancy grade requires that the heads be not less than 2-1/2 inches in 

diameter. However, larger minimums may be specified. There are no diameter 

requirements for either U.S. No. 1 or U.S. No. 2, but the minimum or maximum 

diameter or both may be specified for the lot as a whole, or for a certain percentage by 

weight of the lot. 

Length

§51.3573 Length. “Length” means the total length of the stalk 

measured from the base of the stem to the top of the bud cluster. 

The U.S. Fancy requires that each stalk will be not less than 6 inches or more 

than 8-1/2 inches in length. It is not permissible to specify a smaller minimum or a 

larger maximum length. However, a larger minimum and a smaller maximum may be 

specified. 

The U.S. No. 1 grade requires that, unless otherwise specified, each stalk be 

not less than 5 inches and not more than 9 inches. It is permissible to specify a smaller 

or larger minimum or maximum length. There are no length requirements for U.S. No. 2 

grade, however, it may be specified. 

Marking as to Count

Broccoli cartons are generally marked as to count of bunches. When containers 

are marked to count and do not conform to count, report this in the “OTHER” section 

on market certificates and in the “Description of Products” section on shipping point 

certificates. Report the range and average of bunches per container, as well as the 

percentage of containers not conforming to count. For example: “Counts range from 

11 to 15, average 14; 30% of cartons fail to meet count as marked.” This may be a 

misbranding violation see “PACA Ruling on Grade and Size Markings,” in the General 

Inspection Instructions for further instructions. 

DEFECTS (QUALITY AND CONDITION) 

Statements pertaining to freshness, maturity, shape, color, the amount and type 

of defects, and the amount of decay are shown under the appropriate headings. 

Factors noted with (Q) are considered as QUALITY only. Quality, sometimes 

referred to as “permanent” defects, means defects which do not change during 

storage or shipment (shape, scars, etc.). 

Factors noted with (C) shall be reported as CONDITION on market certificates. 

Condition defects are defects which are subject to change during shipment or storage, 

including but not limited to bruising, discoloration, shriveling and decay. 
13

Those factors noted with (Q or C) may be considered as QUALITY or 

CONDITION, depending on the circumstances. 

Blighted Buds (Q) 

Blight affects the broccoli as it is growing. Affected broccoli usually has dry, hard 

yellowish to brown buds or bud clusters. 

Scoring Guide 

For Broccoli Bunches and Broccoli Crowns, score as damage when the affected 

area exceeds a circle 1 inch in diameter (aggregate area). Score as serious damage

when the affected area exceeds a circle 1-1/2 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

For Broccoli Florets, score as damage when affected area exceeds more than 

1/4 inch diameter (aggregate area). Score as serious damage when the affected area 

exceeds more than 1/2 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

Bruising (C) 

Bruising may result from a very tight pack, excessive pack ice or rough handling. 

It can affect the bud clusters, stalks, butt and sides of the bunch or crowns; florets could 

also (to a lesser extent) be affected by bruising. 

Scoring Guide 

Score as damage when it materially affects or detracts from the appearance of 

the bunch, crown or floret; score as serious damage when it seriously affects or 

detracts from the appearance of the bunch, crown or floret. 

Cleanness (Q) 

Cleanness refers to dirt or other foreign material on/in the broccoli. The U.S. 

grades have the following requirements for cleanness: 

• U.S. Fancy & U.S. No. 1: Free from damage by dirt or other foreign 

material. 

• U.S. No. 2: Free from serious damage by dirt or other foreign material. 

Scoring Guide 

Broccoli will be considered damaged by dirt when the appearance is materially 

affected and serious damage when the appearance is seriously affected. 
14

Compactness (Q) 

The U.S. Standards for Grades for Italian Sprouting Broccoli have the following 

requirements for compactness of bud clusters: 

• U.S. Fancy: Generally compact. 

• U.S. No. 1: Generally fairly compact. 

• U.S. No. 2: No requirements. 

Definitions 

§51.3565 Compact. “Compact” means that the individual buds in the 

bud clusters are generally small and tightly crowded together, and 

that the bud clusters on the stalk are generally close together and 

feel fairly firm and moderately resistant to pressure. 

§51.3566 Fairly compact. “Fairly compact” means that the individual 

buds and bud clusters on the stalk are generally close together so 

that the top of the clusters do not have a ragged appearance or feel 

very soft. 

Compactness refers to the location of individual buds and bud clusters on the 

stalks and is not subject to change. The buds will open rather than spread. 

Discoloration (C) 

The most desirable color for the entire broccoli stalk is green to dark green. It 

must be noted that some varieties of broccoli often have a purplish to blue cast over the 

bud clusters. This cast is characteristic for some varieties of broccoli. Broccoli with 

these colors would not be scored (refer to visual aid BRO-1-IDENT). 

Bud Clusters

§51.3564 Damage. (b) Discoloration of bud clusters, when the 

appearance of the broccoli is materially affected by buds which have 

a noticeably yellowish, brownish, or reddish cast in contrast to the 

desirable good green color. A bluish or purplish cast over the green 

is often characteristic of good broccoli and shall not be considered 

as damage. 

§51.3571 Serious Damage. (a) Discoloration of bud clusters, when 

the buds have a decidedly yellowish, brownish, or reddish cast 

which seriously detracts from the appearance of the broccoli. A 

bluish or purplish cast over the green is often characteristic of good 

broccoli and shall not be considered as serious damage. 
15

Leaves

§51.3564 Damage. (c) Discoloration of leaves, when the appearance 

of the broccoli is materially affected by discolored leaves or parts of 

leaves. 

§51.3571 Serious Damage. (b) Discoloration of leaves, when the 

appearance of the broccoli is seriously affected by discolored leaves 

or parts of leaves. 

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require broccoli to be free from damage 

by discolored bud clusters and leaves. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires broccoli to be 

free from serious damage by discolored bud clusters and leaves. The most common 

discolorations affecting broccoli are distinct yellow and brown colors usually affecting 

the buds and to a lesser extent leaves. 

Bunched broccoli, broccoli crowns, and broccoli florets may show discoloration in 

association with wilting, flabbiness, age, heat and/or lack of ice. Yellow bud clusters 

may appear in overmature broccoli. Poor storage conditions such as less than optimal 

temperatures and exposure to ethylene producing fruit, which broccoli is sensitive to, 

may also cause bud discoloration. 

Scoring Guide 

The following guideline defines materially and seriously detracting from the 

appearance for bud clusters. 

For Bunched Broccoli and Broccoli Crowns, score as damage when the affected 

area exceeds a circle 1/2 inch in diameter (aggregate area). Score as serious damage

when the affected area exceeds a circle 1 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

For Broccoli Florets, score as damage when the affected area exceeds a circle 

1/8 inch in diameter (aggregate area); serious damage when the affected area 

exceeds 1/4 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

Freezing and Freezing Injury (C) 

The term “frozen” should only be used when ice crystals are present. Frozen 

broccoli or portions of broccoli in a frozen state will be darker green and glassy in 

comparison to non-frozen stock, with a distinct line of demarcation between the affected 

and the unaffected portion. When cut, stems and butts may show an abnormal amount 

of watersoaking and translucency. 

“Freezing injury” is the term that should be used when it is evident that the 

broccoli has been frozen but is not in a frozen condition at the time of inspection. The 

broccoli may be limp, flabby and the affected areas may be dark, watersoaked and dull 

in appearance with a lack of luster. Bud clusters may be dry and shatter readily when 

handled. 
16

When reporting freezing or freezing injury it is important to give the following 

information: 

• Record pulp temperatures taken at various locations. 

• Determine and record extent of the injury in the load. 

• Determine and record extent of the injury in the containers. 

• Determine and record degree to which individual specimens are affected. 

• Describe the pattern of freezing or freezing injury in clear concise terms. 

When the location of injury indicates where or when the freezing occurred this is 

to be stated. For example: “Freezing injury so located as to indicate occurred after 

packing but not in present location.” 

Package and Top Ice Freezing

Broccoli is generally shipped with top and pack ice. Freezing from top ice may 

occur not only over the top layer of the load, but next to the side walls or next to 

packages in the upper layers where finely crushed top ice has shifted into the spaces 

between rows. Pack ice freezing occurs when broccoli in contact with package ice 

freezes due to improper cooling characteristics of the ice. This injury, as well as that of 

top ice, is caused by using ice that has been stored at temperatures well below the 

freezing point or by ice made with a high percentage of salt or sodium. 

When reporting freezing due to pack ice, no attempt should be made to show it 

occurred in car or trailer. This type of freezing may occur after packing, before loading, 

or it can occur after the product is loaded. 

Freezing of Melted Pack Ice

Although rare, another type of transit freezing which affects practically only 

broccoli is freezing from melted pack ice. This occurs when broccoli is harvested during 

high temperatures, pack ice is then inserted and cartons are immediately loaded into a 

trailer. The warm broccoli emitting field heat melts much of the pack ice, causing water 

to collect in the bottom of wax-impregnated cartons. As the load travels eastward it 

may encounter severe winter temperatures, the melted package ice (water), then refreezes. This refreezing can cause a solid layer of ice to form in the bottom of the 

carton (especially floor layer) and may embed the broccoli into the ice. As with all types 

of freezing, describe as accurately as possible. 

Freshness (C) 

Freshness refers to the succulence and turgidity of the bunches. It is unlikely 

that lack of freshness will be a factor. However, when encountered it is generally 

because of the lack of pack or top ice. The following terms are to be used when 

describing freshness: 

Fresh. The broccoli has normal succulence, brightness and firmness. 
17

Wilted. The broccoli is drooping and lacks firmness. 

Flabby. The broccoli is soft, limp and pliable. 

Scoring Guide 

Broccoli that is wilted or flabby will be scored when the appearance, edible or 

marketing quality is materially or seriously affected using the general definition of 

damage and serious damage respectively. 

Hollow Stems (Q) 

Certain growing conditions will cause broccoli to develop hollow stems, such as 

plant spacing and boron deficiency. 

Scoring Guide 

Score Bunched Broccoli or Broccoli Crowns, as damage when the opening 

extends more than 3 inches up into the stem or up the entire length of the stem when 

shorter than 3 inches on a crown; or when the opening is shorter and more than slightly 

discolored or watersoaked; Broccoli Florets are damaged when the opening is slightly 

discolored or watersoaked. 

Although rare, hollow stems could be considered serious damage if dark 

discoloration affected the hollow area within the opening greater than an inch in length 

in aggregate. 

Insect Damage (Q or C) 

Several types of insects and worms may cause insect damage. The most 

recognizable insect and the one that is most often found at destination is the aphid. 

The damage should be reported in accordance with the facts as either “insect damage” 

or “worm damage.” 

All three grades require that bunches and crowns not be damaged by insects 

which includes worms. 

Scoring Guide

A Broccoli Bunch or a Broccoli Crown is considered damaged when more than 5 

insects are present or when more than 1 worm is present. Also, when bunches or 

crowns show evidence of insect or worm feeding, score as damage when the affected 

area exceeds that of a circle 5/8 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

For Broccoli Florets, score as damage when 2 or more insects are present or 

more than 1 worm is present. Also, when florets show evidence of insect or worm 
18

feeding, score as damage when the affected area exceeds that of a circle 1/4 inch in 

diameter (aggregate area). 

In transit or at destination, if damage is fresh, or if live insect(s) or worm(s) are 

present or a combination of live and dead, report as a condition factor. Report as a 

quality factor when the damage is old or if the insect(s) or worm(s) are dead. 

Maturity (C) 

Maturity refers to the condition of the buds and bud clusters, color of the plant, 

and leaves. When not overmature, the bud clusters are closed although an occasional 

enlarged individual bud may be on the verge of opening. Overmature or open flower 

buds is the most frequent cause of complaint with broccoli at destination. 

Scoring Guide 

All three grades require that broccoli not be damaged by overmaturity. 

§51.3564 Damage. (a) Overmaturity, when the appearance of the 

broccoli is materially affected by the presence of open flower buds, 

or buds which are enlarged and on the verge of opening. 

When overmaturity is found as indicated in the preceding description it will be 

reported as “flowering bud clusters” or “enlarged bud clusters” whichever is applicable 

using the scoring guides below. 

Flowering Bud Clusters

Bunched Broccoli or Broccoli Crowns are damaged by “flowering bud clusters” 

when more than 3 buds are obviously open. For Broccoli Florets, score as damage 

any amount of buds that are obviously opened. 

Enlarged Buds

Bunches are damaged by enlarged buds if all the stalks in the bunch have most 

of their buds on the verge of opening. Crowns and florets are damaged by enlarged 

buds if the bunch or floret has most of their buds on the verge of opening. 

Stem Texture (Q) 

There are no requirements for stem or stalk texture for broccoli. However, lots of 

broccoli are occasionally encountered that have very fibrous stems and stalks. This 

quality factor is believed to be the result of adverse growing conditions. 

Scoring Guide 

This guide generally only applies to Bunched Broccoli as opposed to crowns 

and florets which would have been trimmed enough to remove the tough and woody 
19

portions of the stem. Score stalks as damage by “tough and woody stems” when 

having a definite woody texture affecting more than 1 inch in length from the evenness 

of the cut at the base of the stalk above the lowest portion of trim. Score as serious 

damage when the affected portion is more than 3 inches in length. 

Note: For broccoli packed in bunches, if only one stalk in the bunch were affected, the 

entire bunch would be considered damaged. 

Trimming (Q) 

Trimming refers to attached leaves and leaf stems that are longer than average 

length for the bunch or loose leaves and stems in the container; and the evenness of 

the cut at the base of the stalk. 

The U.S. Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli have the following 

trimming requirements for bunches: 

• U.S. Fancy: Closely trimmed, unless otherwise specified as “well 

trimmed.” 

• U.S. No. 1: Well trimmed, unless otherwise specified as “closely 

trimmed,” “fairly well trimmed” or “leafy.” 

• U.S. No. 2: Fairly well trimmed, unless otherwise specified as 

“closely trimmed,” “well trimmed” or “leafy.” 

• U.S. Fancy & U.S. No. 1 are also required to be “neatly and fairly 

evenly cut off at the base.” 

Bunched broccoli is considered to be “neatly and fairly evenly cut off at the base” 

if the butts are smoothly trimmed in a plane approximately parallel to the bottom of the 

container and the butts are not stringy or frayed. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.3567 Closely trimmed. “Closely trimmed” means that not more 

than a total of 5 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists of attached 

stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of the 

bunch, regardless of point of attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 

§51.3568 Well trimmed. “Well trimmed” means that not more than a 

total of 15 percent, by weight, of the bunch of attached stems and 

leaves that are longer than the average length of the bunch, 

regardless of point of attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 
20

§51.3569 Fairly well trimmed. “Fairly well trimmed” means that not 

more than a total of 30 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists of 

attached stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of 

the bunch, regardless of point of attachment, or loose leaves and 

stems. 

§51.3570 Leafy. “Leafy” means that more than 30 percent, but not 

more than 50 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists of attached 

stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of the 

bunch, regardless of point of attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 

Watersoaked Areas (C) 

At times broccoli is encountered with watersoaked discolored areas, which is 

thought to be caused by heavy or long periods of rain. These affected areas often 

breakdown into decay; therefore, it is necessary to rub your fingers through the areas to 

see if they are mushy or disintegrate upon touch. 

Scoring Guide 

For Bunched Broccoli and Broccoli Crowns, score as damage when the affected 

area exceeds a circle 1/2 inch in diameter (aggregate area). Score as serious damage

when the affected area exceeds a circle 1 inch in diameter (aggregate area). 

For Broccoli Florets, score any amount of watersoaked areas as damage. Score 

as serious damage when the affected area exceeds 1/4 inch in diameter (aggregate 

area). 

Decay (C) 

All grades require that broccoli be free from decay; any amount is scored against 

the 2% tolerance. 

The most common types affecting broccoli is Bacterial Soft Rot, Gray Mold Rot, 

and Watery Soft Rot. The type of decay is not to be reported on the certificate. 

However, when the decay is in excess of the tolerance report the degree of 

advancement as: early, moderate or advanced stages. Also, state whether it affects 

the bud clusters, leaves, stems, butts, or a combination thereof. 
21

APPENDIX I: U.S. GRADE STANDARDS 

United States Standards for Grades of Italian Sprouting Broccoli1

Effective November 2, 2006 

Grades 

51.3555 U.S. Fancy. 

51.3556 U.S. No. 1. 

51.3557 U.S. No. 2. 

Size Specifications 

51.3558 Size specifications. 

Tolerances 

51.3559 Tolerances. 

Application of Tolerances 

51.3560 Application of Tolerances. 

Definitions 

51.3561 Fairly uniform. 

51.3562 Stalk. 

51.3563 Bunch. 

51.3564 Damage. 

51.3565 Compact. 

51.3566 Fairly compact. 

51.3567 Closely trimmed. 

51.3568 Well trimmed. 

51.3569 Fairly well trimmed. 

51.3570 Leafy. 

51.3571 Serious damage. 

51.3572 Diameter. 

51.3573 Length. 

51.3574 Crowns or Crown cut. 

51.3575 Florets or Florettes. 

51.3576 Same type. 

Grades 

§51.3555 U.S. Fancy. 

“U.S. Fancy” consists of Italian Sprouting Broccoli of the same type. The broccoli shall be free from 

decay, and from damage caused by overmaturity, discoloration of bud clusters or leaves, freezing, wilting, 

dirt or other foreign material, disease, insects, mechanical or other means. The bud clusters shall be 

generally compact. Bunched broccoli shall be neatly and fairly evenly cut off at the base, and closely 

trimmed unless otherwise specified as “well trimmed.” (See §51.3559.) 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) The diameter of each stalk shall be not less than 2-1/2 inches. Unless 

otherwise specified, the length of each stalk shall be not less than 6 inches or more than 8-1/2 inches. 

For Broccoli Crowns. (b) The diameter of each crown shall be not less than 2-1/2 inches or more than 5 

inches. Unless otherwise specified, the length of each stalk shall be not less than 2-1/2 inches or more 

than 5 inches. 

For Broccoli Florets. (c) The diameter of each floret shall be not less than 3/4 inch or more than 3 

inches. Unless otherwise specified, the length of each stem shall not be less than 1 inch or more than 3-

1/2 inches. 

§51.3556 U.S. No. 1. 

“U.S. No. 1” consists of Italian Sprouting Broccoli of the same type. The broccoli shall be free from decay, 

and from damage caused by overmaturity, discoloration of bud clusters or leaves, freezing, wilting, dirt or 

 1

Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to comply with the 

provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or with applicable State laws and regulations. 
22

other foreign material, disease, insects, mechanical or other means. The bud clusters shall be generally 

fairly compact. The bunched broccoli shall be neatly and fairly evenly cut off at the base, and well 

trimmed, unless otherwise specified as “closely trimmed,” “fairly well trimmed,” or “leafy.” (See §51.3559.) 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) There are no requirements for diameter but diameter may be specified for 

any lot as set forth in §51.3558. Unless otherwise specified, the length of each stalk shall be not less than 

5 inches or more than 9 inches. 

For Broccoli Crowns. (b) There are no requirements for diameter but diameter may be specified for any 

lot as set forth in §51.3558. Unless otherwise specified, the length of each crown shall be not less than 3-

1/2 inches or more than 6 inches. 

For Broccoli Florets. (c) The diameter of each floret shall be not less than 1 inch or more than 4 inches. 

Unless otherwise specified, the length of each floret shall not be less than 1-1/2 inch or more than 4-1/2 

inches. 

§51.3557 U.S. No. 2. 

“U.S. No. 2” consists of Italian Sprouting Broccoli of the same type. The broccoli shall be free from decay, 

and from damage caused by overmaturity, insects, and from serious damage caused by discoloration of 

bud clusters or leaves, freezing, wilting, dirt or other foreign material, disease, or mechanical or other 

means. The bunched broccoli shall be fairly well trimmed unless otherwise specified as “closely trimmed,” 

or “well trimmed,” or “leafy.” (See §51.3559.) 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) There are no requirements for diameter or length, but size may be specified 

for any lot in connection with the grade, as set forth in §51.3558. 

For Broccoli Crowns. (b) There are no requirements for diameter or length, but size may be specified 

for any lot in connection with the grade, as set forth in §51.3558. 

For Broccoli Florets. (c) There are no requirements for diameter or length, but size may be specified for 

any lot in connection with the grade, as set forth in §51.3558. 

Size Specifications 

§51.3558 Size specifications. 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) Diameter. The terms “heads” and “shoots” may be used to designate size of 

stalks in connection with U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades. If heads and shoots are mixed, the 

percentage, by weight, of heads contained in the lot may be specified. 

(1) The minimum or maximum diameter, or both, in terms of inches and quarter inches, in the U.S. No. 1 

and U.S. No. 2 grades, may be specified for the lot as a whole or for a certain percentage, by weight or by 

count (when fairly uniform), of the lot; for example: “2 inches minimum,” or “50 percent 3-1/4 inches or 

larger,” or “75 percent 2-1/2 inches or larger.” 

(b) Length. The minimum or maximum length, or both, in terms of inches or half inches, may be 

specified for all grades in connection with the grade in accordance with the facts: for example, “7 inches 

minimum length,” or “6-1/2 to 8-1/2 inches long.” 

For Broccoli Crowns. (a) Diameter. (1) For U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades, the minimum or 

maximum diameter, or both, in terms of inches and quarter inches, may be specified for the lot as a whole 

or for a certain percentage, by weight or count (when fairly uniform), of the lot. 

(b) Length. The minimum or maximum length, or both, in terms of inches or half inches, may be 

specified for all grades in connection with the grade in accordance with the facts. 

For Broccoli Florets. (a) Diameter. (1) For the U.S. No. 2 grade, the minimum or maximum diameter, 

or both, in terms of inches and quarter inches, may be specified for the lot as a whole or for a certain 

percentage, by weight or count (when fairly uniform), of the lot. 

(b) Length. The minimum or maximum length, or both, in terms of inches or half inches, may be 

specified for all grades in connection with the grade in accordance with the facts. 

Tolerances 

§51.3559 Tolerances. 

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing grades, the 

following tolerances are provided as specified: 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) For defects. Ten percent for bunches in any lot which fail to meet the 

requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for bunches which are 

affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except that when bunches are not fairly 

uniform in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight. 
23

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except that when 

bunches are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for stalks in 

any lot which fail to meet the size requirements of the specified grade or any sizes specified for length and 

diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of the broccoli in a lot is specified to be “heads” or of a certain diameter and 

larger, no part of any tolerance shall be used to reduce such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but 

individual containers may have not more than 15 percentage points less than the percentage specified: 

Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 

For Broccoli Crowns. (a) For defects. Ten percent for crowns in any lot which fail to meet the 

requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for crowns which are 

affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except that when crowns are not fairly uniform 

in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight. 

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except when 

crowns are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for crowns in 

any lot which fail to meet the size requirements of the specified grade or any sizes specified for length and 

diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of the broccoli in a lot is specified as a certain diameter and larger, no part of any 

tolerance shall be used to reduce such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but individual containers may 

have not more than 15 percentage points less than the percentage specified: Provided, That the entire lot 

averages within the percentage specified. 

For Broccoli Florets. (a) For defects. Ten percent for florets in any lot which fail to meet the 

requirements of the specified grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for florets which are 

affected by decay. 

(1) Percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except that when florets are not fairly uniform 

in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight. 

(b) For size. (1) Ten percent, percentages shall be determined on the basis of count, except when florets 

are not fairly uniform in size, percentages shall be determined on the basis of weight, for florets in any lot 

which fail to meet the size requirements of the specified grade or any sizes specified for length and 

diameter. 

(2) When a percentage of the broccoli florets in a lot is specified to be of a certain diameter and larger, no 

part of any tolerance shall be used to reduce such a percentage for the lot as a whole; but individual 

containers may have not more than 15 percentage points less than the percentage specified: Provided, 

That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified. 

Application of Tolerances 

§51.3560 Application of tolerances. 

The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following 

limitations: 

For Bunched Broccoli. (a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any lot may 

contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified, except that when the package 

contains 15 bunches or less, individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance 

specified: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than 

double the tolerance specified: Provided, That at least one bunch which does not meet the requirements 

shall be allowed in any one package. And provided further, That the averages for the entire lot are 

within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

For Broccoli Crowns. (a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any lot may 

contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified, except when the package contains 

15 crowns or less, individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified: 

Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than 

double the tolerance specified: Provided, That at least one crown which does not meet the requirements 

shall be allowed in any one package. And provided further, That the averages for the entire lot are 

within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

For Broccoli Florets. (a) For a tolerance of 10 percent or more, individual packages in any lot may 

contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified, except when the package contains 
24

3 pounds or less, individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified: 

Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade. 

(b) For a tolerance of less than 10 percent, individual packages in any lot may contain not more than 

double the tolerance specified: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances 

specified for the grade. 

Definitions 

§51.3561 Fairly uniform. 

“Fairly uniform” means: (a) For bunched broccoli: Bunches are considered fairly uniform if the diameter 

of the bunches within the container do not vary more than three inches. 

(b) For broccoli crowns: Crowns are considered to be fairly uniform if the diameter of the crowns within 

the container do not vary more than three inches. 

(c) For broccoli florets: Florets are considered fairly uniform if the diameter of the florets within the 

sample do not vary more than 1-1/2 inches.

§51.3562 Stalk. 

“Stalk” means a portion of the broccoli plant including the stem, bud clusters and leaves. Individual stalks 

may be designated as “heads” or “shoots” as follows: 

(a) “Head” means a stalk of broccoli having a cluster of closely associated buds which is 2-1/4 inches or 

larger in diameter. 

(b) “Shoot” means a stalk of broccoli having bud clusters which fail to meet the requirements for a head. 

§51.3563 Bunch. 

“Bunch” means stalks bound together to form a unit. A single stalk may be considered a bunch if it is 

approximately as large as other bunches in the lot. 

§51.3564 Damage. 

“Damage” means any specific defect described in this section; or an equally objectionable variation of any 

one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the 

appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the broccoli. The following specific defects shall be 

considered as damage: 

(a) Overmaturity, when the appearance of the broccoli is materially affected by the presence of open 

flower buds, or buds which are enlarged and on the verge of opening. 

(b) Discoloration of bud clusters, when the appearance of the broccoli is materially affected by buds which 

have a noticeably yellowish, brownish, or reddish cast in contrast to the desirable good green color. A 

bluish or purplish cast over the green is often characteristic of good broccoli and shall not be considered 

as damage. 

(c) Discoloration of leaves, when the appearance of the broccoli is materially affected by discolored leaves 

or parts of leaves. 

§51.3565 Compact. 

“Compact” means that the individual buds in the bud cluster are generally small and tightly crowded 

together, and that the bud clusters on the stalk are generally close together and feel fairly firm and 

moderately resistant to pressure. 

§51.3566 Fairly compact. 

“Fairly compact” means that the individual buds and bud clusters on the stalk are generally close together 

so that the top of the clusters do not have a ragged appearance or feel very soft. 

§51.3567 Closely trimmed. 

“Closely trimmed” means that not more than a total of 5 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists of 

attached stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of the bunch, regardless of point of 

attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 

§51.3568 Well trimmed. 

“Well trimmed” means that not more than a total of 15 percent, by weight, of the bunch of attached stems 

and leaves that are longer than the average length of the bunch, regardless of point of attachment, or 

loose leaves and stems. 

§51.3569 Fairly well trimmed. 

“Fairly well trimmed” means that not more than a total of 30 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists of 

attached stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of the bunch, regardless of point of 

attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 
25

§51.3570 Leafy. 

“Leafy” means that more than 30 percent, but not more than 50 percent, by weight, of the bunch consists 

of attached stems and leaves that are longer than the average length of the bunch, regardless of point of 

attachment, or loose leaves and stems. 

§51.3571 Serious damage. 

“Serious damage” means any specific defect described in this section; or an equally objectionable 

variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously 

detracts from the appearance or the edible or marketing quality of the broccoli. The following specific 

defects shall be considered as serious damage: 

(a) Discoloration of bud clusters, when the buds have a decidedly yellowish, brownish, or reddish cast 

which seriously detracts from the appearance of the broccoli. A bluish or purplish cast over the green is 

often characteristic of good broccoli and shall not be considered as serious damage. 

(b) Discoloration of leaves, when the appearance of the broccoli is seriously affected by discolored leaves 

or parts of leaves. 

§51.3572 Diameter. 

“Diameter” means the average measurement across the bud cluster at the top of the stalk, crown, or 

floret. 

§51.3573 Length. 

“Length” means the total length of the stalk measured from the base of the stem to the top of the bud 

cluster. 

§51.3574 Crowns or Crown Cuts. 

“Crowns” mean the main stem is cut back from a portion of the broccoli plant including the stems which 

are of lengths according to the grade applied, bud clusters, and leaves. 

§51.3575 Florets or Florettes. 

“Florets” or “Florettes” mean the main stem is cut back considerably and only a single smaller secondary 

stem remains with the bud cluster. Florets are bud clusters or pieces of the bud cluster that have been 

closely trimmed from the head. 

§51.3576 Same type. 

“Same type” means lots shall consist of broccoli with similar type characteristics, i.e., bunched can not be 

mixed with florets. 
26

Appendix II: Examples 

Example 1 – Inspection Notesheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(a) 

Page 26, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 

  
27

Example 1 – Inspection Scoresheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(b) 

Page 27, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
28

Example 1 – Written FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(c) 

Page 28, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
29

Example 1 – FEIRS FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(d) 

Page 29, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
30

Example 2 – Inspection Notesheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(e) 

Page 30, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
31

Example 2 – Inspection Scoresheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(f) 

Page 31, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
32

Example 2 – Written FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(g) 

Page 32, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
33

Example 2 – FEIRS FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(h) 

Page 33, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
34

Example 3 – Inspection Notesheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(i) 

Page 34, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
35

Example 3 – Inspection Scoresheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(j) 

Page 35, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
36

Example 3 – Written FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(k) 

Page 36, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
37

Example 3 – FEIRS FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(l) 

Page 37, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
38

Example 4 – Inspection Notesheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(m) 

Page 38, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
39

Example 4 – Inspection Scoresheet 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(n) 

Page 39, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
40

Example 4 – Written FV 300 Certificate 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(o) 

Page 40, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
41

Example 4 – FEIRS FV 300 Certificate: Page 1 of 2 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(p) 

Page 41, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 
42

Example 4 – FEIRS FV 300 Certificate: Page 2 of 2 

Revised, May 2011, HU-155-4(q) 

Page 42, Broccoli, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, November 2008 

** **