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May 31, 2011 

## South Carolina

1997 8-Hour Ozone Redesignation Demonstratio n and Maintenance Plan

For the Portion of York Count y, South Carolina Within the

Rock Hill-Fort Mill Area Tr ansportation Study (RFATS) Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)

Part of the

Charlotte-Gastonia -Rock Hill, NC-SC

8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area

Prepared by the South Carolina Department of He alth and Environmental Control

Bureau of Air Quality

May 31, 2011Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................

............ 5

SECTION I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................7

SECTION II. AIR QUALITY.................................................................................................................10

SECTION III. MAINTENANCE PLAN..................................................................................................15

SECTION IV. MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION BUDGET.....................................................................26

SECTION V. STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN APPROVAL........................................................29

SECTION VI. STATE COMPLIANCE WITH CLEAN AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS.........................31

SECTION VII. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................32Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 

### LIST OF AP PENDICES

Appendix A: Point Source Emissions Inventory Documentation Appendix B: Area Emissions Inventory Documentation Appendix C: On-road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Appendix D: Nonroad Emissions Inventory Documentation Appendix E: Public Notice Published on March 25, 2011, in the SC State Register Appendix F: EPA comments to Pre-heari ng SIP Submittal and Department Response Appendix G: Copy of Legal Authority



### LIST OF TABLES

Table II-1:Historic 4 th Highest 8-Hour Ozone Values for Charlo tte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC

Nonattainment Area ..............................................................................................12 Table II-2: Historic 8-hour Ozone Design Values for Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC

Nonattainment Area..................... ..........................................................................12 Table II-3: 2010 Design Values ......................................................................................13

Table III-1: Point Source Emissions .................................................................................21

Table III-2: Area Source Emissions ..................................................................................21

Table III-3: On-road Source Emis sions ..............................................................................22

Table III-4: Nonroad Source Emissions .............................................................................22

Table III-5: Total Man-made Source Emissions ....................................................................22

Table III-6: Maintenance Demonstration ............................................................................23 Table III-7: Safety Margin .........

..................................................... ...............................23 Table IV-1: Safety Margin in Tons Per Day and Kilograms Per Day ...........................................27

Table IV-2: On-road Mobile Source NO

x and VOC Emissions .................................................28

Table IV-3: NO

x and VOC MVEBs for 2013 and 2022...........................................................28



### LIST OF FIGURES

Figure II-1 Monitors in the Charlotte-G astonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Area ..................................................10Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1997 8-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNATION DEMO NSTRATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN

RFATS MPO

I. Introduction

The 1997 8-hour ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) is 0.08 parts per million (ppm). A violation of this NAAQS o ccurs when the average of the annual 4 th highest daily maximum 8- hour ozone values over three consecutive years is greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm. This three-year average is termed the “design valu e” for the monitor. The design value for a nonattainment area is the highest monitor design value in the area. Based on 2001-2003 ambient air monitoring data from several monitors in the North Carolina portion of the Char lotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC (Metrolina) area, on April 30, 2004, the United States Environmental Protec tion Agency (EPA) designated and classified that portion of York County, South Carolina within th e Rock Hill Fort Mill Area Transportation Study (RFATS) Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) as a moderate nonattainment area for the 1997 8- hour ozone NAAQS.

II. Current Air Quality

There is currently one ozone m onitor located in York County, South Carolina. The latest design value (2008-2010) for this monitor is 0.067 ppm. In addition, the latest design value for all of the

monitors within the Metrolina nonattainment ar ea have attained the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Therefore, the area is eligible to be considered for redesignation to attainment as per Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act (CAA).

III. Maintenance Plan Requirements

The State of South Carolina has implemented several state rules that have resulted in permanent and enforceable reductions in ozone precursor emissions statewide. These actions include a regulation to control oxides of nitrogen (NO

x ) (Regulation 61.62.5, Standard 5.2) and an open burning ban during the ozone season (Regulation 61-62.2). In addition, there are several federal actions that have resulted in lower emissions throughout the eastern portion of the country. These federal actions include the Tier 2 vehicle standards, heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicles standards, and the large non-road diesel engines rule.

This combination of state and fede ral actions have resulted in cleane r air in the Metrolina area, and the anticipated future benefits from these programs are expected to result in continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS in this area. Since the de sign value for the 2008-2010 period for all monitors

in the Metrolina nonattainment area showed atta inment of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, a baseline year emissions inventory for NO

x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was developed for 2010 for South Carolina. Future year emissions inventories were also developed for the interim years 2013, 2016 and 2019, and a final year emission inventory was de veloped for 2022. The future year emissions were

lower than the 2010 emissions in all cases. This de monstrates that the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area is expected to mainta in the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS through 2022. The area is also in compliance with Section 110 and Part D requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA).

IV. Conclusion and Request for Redesignation

Based on the information above and criteria establis hed in Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA, SouthRevision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Carolina is requesting that the EPA redesignate that portion of York County, South Carolina within the Metrolina nonattainment area to attainment. The monitoring data shows that the Metrolina nonattainment area has attained the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS a nd the maintenance demonstration shows that the future emissions inventories are expected to be lo wer than the attainment year inventory through the implementation of the various control measures listed above.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION I. Introduction

A. Ground-Level (Tropospheric) Ozone

Ozone is a colorless gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere and can be found in the air we breathe. Ozone is composed of three atoms of oxygen (O 3 ), one more than the common oxygen molecule (O 2 ) we need to breathe to sustain life. The add itional oxygen atom makes ozone extremely reactive. Ozone in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, known as strato spheric ozone, shields the Earth from the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Ozone found in the atmosphere closer to the Earth’s surface (tropospheric ozone) is considered a harmful air polluta nt due to its adverse impacts on human health and

welfare.

Tropospheric ozone is commonly referred to as ground-level ozone and so metimes called smog. Ozone is not emitted directly by the combustion of fu els. Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by the reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NO

x ) in the presence of sunlight. These air pollutants, often referred to as ozone precurs ors, are emitted by many types of pollution sources, including on-road and off-road motor vehicles and e ngines, power plants and industrial facilities, and smaller sources, collectively referred to as area sources. Ozone is predominately a summertime air pollutant. Changing weather patterns contribute to year ly differences in ozone concentrations from region to region. Ozone and the pollutants that form ozone also can be transported into an area from pollution sources found hundreds of miles upwind.

B. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set NAAQS for pollutants considered harmful to public h ealth and the environment. National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards under Section 109 of the CAA are set forth in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 50. NAAQS are subject to revision, and additional primary and secondary standards may be promulgated as the EPA deems necessary to protect the public health and welfare. The EPA has promulgated primary and secondary NAAQS for carbon monoxide (no secondary standard for carbon monoxide), lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and ground-level ozone. The EPA calls these pollutants “criteria” air pollutants because it regulates them by developing human health-based and/or environmentally-based criteria (science-base d guidelines) for setting permissible levels. For each pollutant, a health-based or “primary” standard has been set to protect public health in general, and a welfare-based or “secondary” standard may be set to protect quality of life and the environment. Primary standards set limits to prot ect public health, including the health of “sensitive” populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly. Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased visib ility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.

C. 1997 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS

In 1997, the EPA revised the NAAQS for ground-leve l ozone, setting the standard at 0.08 parts per million (ppm) averaged over an 8-hour period. At each ozone monitoring site, hourly average concentrations are recorded in ppm. Running 8-hour averages are computed from the hourly ozone concentration data for each hour of the year. The daily maximum 8-hour concentration for a given calendar day is the highest of the 24 possible 8-hour av erage concentrations computed for that day. The design value is the statistic to compare the 1997 8-ho ur ozone NAAQS and is a three-year average using the three most recent, consecutive calendar years of monitoring data. A violation of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS occurs when the computed design value is greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 D. 1997 8-Hour Ozone Designations

Upon promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, th e CAA requires the EPA to designate areas as attaining or not attaining that NAAQS. On April 30, 2004, the EPA promulgated the Final Rule To Implement the 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard - Phase 1 to provide guidance on ozone designations, classifications, and boundaries for areas in the United States with respect to the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS (69 FR 23857).

Based on this rule, 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS design values were then calculated for ozone monitors in the United States. The EPA area designa tions were generally based on air quality monitoring data collected during the 2001, 2002, and 2003 ozone se asons. The highest monitor design value in an area was used to determine its designation. The CAA then specifies requirements for areas based on whether such areas are or are not attaining the NAAQS.

Almost all of South Carolina was designate d attainment for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS; however, three areas of South Carolina were desi gnated nonattainment. Two of those areas, the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Area and the Columbia Area both opted to enter into Early Action Compacts. The EPA promulgated deferrals of the e ffective date of the nonattainment designations for these two areas and in April 2008, based on ambient monitoring data for 2005-2007, redesignated them as attainment areas for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS.

Because of its proximity to the Charlotte ar ea, the third area in South Carolina designated nonattainment for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS is part of a multi-State ozone nonattainment area. This area, the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC nona ttainment area (also referred to as the Metrolina nonattainment area) includes that portion of York Count y, South Carolina within the Rock Hill Fort Mill Area Transportation Study (RFATS) Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). At that time, several monitors in the North Carolina portion of the Metro lina area had design values above the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. However, the monitor located in York Coun ty had a design value of 0.084 ppm, which is below the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The Metrolina area was classified as a S ubpart 2 moderate nonattainment

area.

On August 31, 2007, the South Carolina Depa rtment of Health and Environmental Control (henceforth referred to as SCDHEC or Department) s ubmitted its required attainment plan for the RFATS MPO 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS nonattainment area. On November 17, 2008, the EPA sent letters to North Carolina and South Carolina, explaining its intention to propose disapproval of the attainment

demonstrations for the Metrolina nonattainment area for the 1997 8- hour ozone NAAQS by January 9, 2009. Within these letters, the EPA indicated this d ecision was based on their belief that the area was unlikely to attain the 19 97 ozone NAAQS by June 15, 2010, or meet the requirements for a one-year extension of the attainment date. As a result, the Department withdrew its a ttainment demonstration on December 22, 2008, and committed to re-submit an am ended attainment demonstr ation by November 30, 2009. Therefore, in a Federal Register notice published on May 8, 2009 (74 FR 21550), the EPA made a finding of failure to submit Stat e Implementation Plan (SIP) revisi ons required for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS to South Carolina and North Carolina for the Metrolina nonattainment area.

Based on recommendation from the EPA, on April 29 2010, the Department re-sub mitted the previous attainment demonstration, supplemented with additio nal information (including the 2011 modeling and air quality data from 2009). However, as a result of ozone levels in the 2009 ozone season being below the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, pursuant to Section 181(a)(5 )of the CAA, on May 6, 2010, the Department submitted a request for a one-year extension of the 1997 8-hour ozone attainment date (until June 15, 2011).Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 E. Clean Air Act Redesignation Criteria

Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA, as amended, states an area can be redesignate d to attainment if the following conditions are met:

1. The EPA has determined that the NAAQS have b een attained. For ozone, the areas must show that the average of the 4 th highest 8-hour ozone values from three (3) complete, consecutive calendar years of quality-assured air quality monitoring data must be below 0.085 ppm.

2. The applicable implementation plan has been fully approved by the EPA under section 110(k).

3. The EPA has determined that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable

reductions in emissions. To demonstrate this , the State should estimate the percent reduction (from the year used to determine the design va lue for designation and classification) achieved from federal, state, and local measures.

4. The EPA has fully approved a maintenance plan , including a contingency plan, for the areas

under section 175A.

5. The State has met all applicable requirement s for the area under section 110 and Part D.

In the sections to follow, the Department will prov ide the technical data necessary to show that the portion of York County, South Carolina within the RFATS MPO designated as a moderate nonattainment area for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS as part of the Metrolina nonattai nment area has at tained and is expected to maintain the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, and has met the requirements for redesignation set forth above. The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Air Quality (NCDAQ) has developed its own separate main tenance plan for the North Carolina portion of the

Metrolina nonattainment area.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION II. AIR QUALITY

A. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC (Metrolina) Air Quality

1. Monitors in the Metrolin a Nonattainment Area

In the South Carolina portion of the Metrolina nona ttainment area, there is one monitoring site (York CMS) which is located in south-central York County. This site is important for forecasting ozone

concentrations in the Metrolina nonattainment area. Figure II-1: “Monitors in the Charlotte-GastoniaRock Hill, NC-SC Area” displays the monitor locations. The York County monitor is included in the

SCDHEC 2011 Annual Network Descri ption and Ambient Air Network Monitoring Plan which was completed in 2010. There were no changes proposed for this monitor for 2011.

Figure II-1: Monitors in the Charlo tte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Area

2. Historic Air Quality (1997- 2009)

The 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentra tions listed in Table II-1 were used to calculate the design values shown in Table II-2. Design values were calculated from the 1997-1999 design value period through the 2007-2009 design value period for each monitor in the Metrolina nonattainment area. Design values were calculated in accordance with the procedures found in 40 CFRRevision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Appendix I to Part 50. Since 1999, there has been only one year with a 4 th high daily maximum 8-hour

ozone concentration above the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS in York County (Table II-1). As shown in Table II-2, the design value at the York County mon itoring site has not violated the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS since 1998-2000 when the design value was 0.085 ppm.RevisiontotheSouthCarolinaAirQualityImplementationPlanNarrative–Page12RFATSRedesignationDemonstrationandMaintenancePlanMay31,2011NOTES:Values displayed in bold are above the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards.Underlined values represent 4thhighest values from Plaza monitoring site.The Plaza monitor was moved to theGaringer site location in 2000.Shaded areas reflect no monitoring data available.Table II-2: Historic 8-Hour Ozone Design Values (ppm) for Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Nonattainment AreaMonitoringSitesCounty1997-19991998-20001999-20012000-20022001-20032002-20042003-20052004-20062005-20072006-20082007-2009Crouse Lincoln0.087 0.090 0.091 0.094 0.092 0.0860.081 0.079 0.083 0.082 0.076Arrowood Mecklenburg0.100 0.098 0.092 0.0890.084 0.081 0.078 0.080 0.0830.0790.076County Line Mecklenburg0.104 0.104 0.101 0.102 0.098 0.092 0.087 0.088 0.093 0.094 0.086Garinger(Plaza)Mecklenburg0.1010.0980.0980.099 0.096 0.091 0.086 0.088 0.090 0.0890.082Enochville Rowan0.097 0.098 0.099 0.101 0.099 0.091 0.085 0.085 0.090 0.0880.083Rockwell Rowan0.099 0.100 0.098 0.098 0.100 0.094 0.0880.0830.089 0.0880.083Monroe Union0.087 0.088 0.088 0.0850.079 0.078 0.081 0.080 0.076YorkYork County,SC0.086 0.0850.082 0.084 0.084 0.081 0.075 0.076 0.079 0.077 0.072NOTES:Values displayed in bold represent violations of the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards.Underline values represent design values that use 4thhighest values from Plaza monitoring site.Shaded areas reflect data not available to calculate design value.Table II-1: Historic 4thHighest 8-Hour Ozone Values (ppm) for Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC Nonattainment AreaMonitoringSiteCounty 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Crouse Lincoln0.085 0.090 0.087 0.094 0.094 0.095 0.0890.074 0.082 0.0820.0850.079 0.065Arrowood Mecklenburg0.094 0.104 0.104 0.087 0.086 0.0940.073 0.0770.0850.0780.0870.073 0.068CountyLineMecklenburg0.101 0.110 0.103 0.101 0.099 0.107 0.0880.0830.090 0.093 0.096 0.0930.071Garinger(Plaza)Mecklenburg0.1050.1030.0990.096 0.099 0.103 0.086 0.085 0.088 0.091 0.093 0.0850.069Enochville Rowan0.092 0.099 0.102 0.094 0.103 0.108 0.0870.0800.088 0.089 0.0950.082 0.073Rockwell Rowan0.089 0.101 0.107 0.092 0.097 0.106 0.0980.0800.086 0.085 0.0960.084 0.071Monroe Union0.096 0.0850.0810.1000.083 0.074 0.082 0.080 0.082 0.080 0.067YorkYork County,SC0.0800.087 0.0920.076 0.0800.0960.076 0.071 0.079 0.078 0.080 0.075 0.062Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 3. Current Design Values (2008-2010)

The most recent three years of ozone monitoring data (2008-2010) for the Metrolina nonattainment area demonstrates compliance with the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Table II-3: 2010 Design Values

lists the annual 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hour average oz one concentration and calculated design

values for all of the monitors within the Metrolina nonattainment area. Consiste nt with the requirements of 40 CFR 58.15, the 2010 8-hour ozone monitoring data for South Carolina has been fully quality assured and was officially submitted to th e EPA Region 4 on February 11, 2011.

Table II-3: 2010 Design Values

4 th Highest 8-hour Ozone Value Monitor County
2008 2009 2010 2010 Design Value

Crouse Lincoln 0.079 0.065 0.072 0.072
Arrowood Mecklenburg 0.073 0.068 0.078 0.073 County Line Mecklenburg 0.093 0.071 0.082 0.082 Garinger (Plaza) Mecklenburg 0.085 0.069 0.082 0.078

Enochville Rowan 0.08 2 0.073 0.078 0.077

Rockwell Rowan 0.084 0.071 0.077 0.077

Monroe Union 0.080 0.067 0.071 0.072
York York, SC 0.075 0.062 0.066 0.067

4. Permanent and Enforceable Emissions Reductions

There are federal and state measures that have be en enacted in recent years that are resulting in permanent and enforceable emissions reductions. A list of those measures that contributed to the permanent and enforceable emissions reductions are lis ted below and more fully described in Section III.

B.

The federal measures that have been implemented include:

• Tier 2 vehicle standards: Implementation bega n in 2004 and will require all passenger vehicles in any manufacturer’s fleet to meet an average standard of 0.07 grams of NO

x per mile. The Tier 2 rule also reduced the sulfur content of gaso line to 30 ppm starting in January of 2006.

• Heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicle standards: New EPA standards designed to

reduce NO

x and VOC emissions from heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicles commenced implementation in 2004. A second phase of standa rds and testing procedures, which began in 2007, is reducing particulate matter from heavy-duty highw ay engines and has reduced highway diesel fuel sulfur content to 15 ppm.

• Nonroad spark-ignition engines: Effective in 2003 and will reduce NO

x and HC emissions.

• NO

x SIP Call: The NO

x SIP Call created the NO

x Budget Trading Program designed to reduce the amount of ozone that crosses state lines. By the end of 2008, ozone season emissions dropped byRevision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 62 percent from 2000 at all sources subject to the NO

x SIP Call (EPA, NO

x Budget Trading Program: 2008 Highlights , October 2009).

The state measures that have been implemented include:

• The Celanese Acetate Celr iver Plant closed in 2006. This pl ant, which included six coal-fired boilers, the largest of which was rated at 320 MMB tu/hr, was the largest stationary source of NO

x in the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area. As a result, we retired 2,493 tons of

NO

x and 1,686 tons of VOCs.

• Prohibition of Open Burning: Effective in 2004, the revision of Regulation 61-62.2, Prohibition of Open Burning , includes a ban of certain open burni ng during the ozone season for additional

control of NO

x emissions.

• Control of Oxides of Nitrogen: Effective in 2004, R. 61.62.5 Standard 5.2 Control of Oxides of Nitrogen, applies to new and existing stationary sour ces that emit or have the potential to emit NO

x generated from fuel combustion. This regulation sets standards for new construction based on Best Available Control Technology (BACT) sta ndards from the national RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse. For new sources, the regulation is primarily directed at smaller sources that fall below the Prevention of Significant Deterioration ( PSD) thresholds and therefore would otherwise be exempt for NO

x controls altogether.

In addition, North Carolina has implemented meas ures in the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina

nonattainment area to include the state Clean Smokest acks Act which required coal-fired power plants to

reduce annual NO

x emissions by 77 percent by 2009 and to reduce annual sulfur dioxide emissions by 49 percent by 2009 and 73 percent by 2013. The legislation sets a cap on NO

x and sulfur dioxide emissions, which the public utilities cannot meet by purchasing emission credits.

South Carolina believes that the improvement in air quality experienced in the Metrolina nonattainment area is due to the real, permanent and enforceable reduction in NO

x emissions resulting

from these state and federal measures.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION III. MAINTENANCE PLAN

A. Concept of South Carolina’s Maintenance Plan

South Carolina’s plan for maintaining compliance with 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS in the South Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment ar ea includes three major parts: established control measures, a maintenance demonstration, and a c ontingency plan. The established control measures

consists of the current fede ral and state control measures already in effect, as well as the future benefits of the cleaner engine programs, and Transport Rule.

The Department has implemented programs that will remain enforceable and are hereby submitted as the plan to ensure that maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS will continue. Sources are prohibited from reducing emission controls (anti-b acksliding) following the redesignation of the area unless such a change is first approved by the EPA as a revision to the South Carolina SIP that is consistent with Section 110(l) of the CAA.

For the maintenance demonstration the base year of 2010 was chosen since it is one of the most recent 3 years (2008, 2009 and 2010) for which the Me trolina area has clean air quality data for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The interim years chosen ar e 2013, 2016, and 2019 si nce the EPA recommends three-year increments for interim years. The final year of the maintenance demonstration is 2022, since the CAA requires maintenance for at least ten years after redesignation. The maintenance demonstration consists of a comparison between the 2010 baseline emissions inventory and the projected emissions inventories (for 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022), which consider economic and population growth. The comparison shows that the total emissions in each of the interim years and the final year will be lower than in the base year, demonstrating maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The reductions in

emissions are due to the established control measures outlined below.

The South Carolina contingency plan involves tracki ng and triggering mechanisms to determine when contingency measures are needed and a process of im plementing appropriate control measures. A quality assured/quality controlled (QA/QC) design value th at exceeds the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS at any

monitor within the Metrolina nonattainment area will trigger evaluation of the contingency plan. In conjunction with the South Carolina maintenance plan, the NCDAQ has developed its own separate maintenance plan for the North Carolina por tion of the Metrolina nonattainment area.

B. Established Control Measures

1. Federal Control Measures

a. Tier 2 Vehicle Standards

Federal Tier 2 vehicle standards will require all passenger vehicles in a manufacturer’s fleet, including light-duty trucks and sport utility vehicles (S UVs), to meet an average standard of 0.07 grams

of NO

x per mile. Implementation bega n in 2004, with full compliance required by 2007. The Tier 2 standards also cover passenger vehicl es over 8,500 pounds gross vehicle we ight rating (the larger pickup trucks and SUVs), which are not covered by the cu rrent Tier 1 regulations. For these vehicles, the standards were phased in beginning in 2008, with full compliance in 2009. The new standards require vehicles to be 77 percent to 95 percent cleaner than tho se made prior to these dates. The Tier 2 rule also reduced the sulfur content of gasoline to 30 ppm starti ng in January of 2006. Most gasoline sold in South Carolina prior to January 2006 had a sulfur content of about 300 ppm. Sulfur occurs naturally in gasoline but interferes with the operation of catalytic converters on vehicles, resulting in higher NO

x emissions. Lower-sulfur gasoline is necessary to achieve the Tier 2 vehicle emission standards.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 b. Heavy-Duty Gasoline and Diesel Highway Vehicles Standards

New EPA standards designed to reduce NO

x and VOC emissions from heavy-duty gasoline and diesel highway vehicles commenced implementation in 2004. A second phase of standards and testing procedures, which began in 2007, reduces particulate matter from heavy-duty highway engines and has reduced highway diesel fuel sulfur content to 15 ppm. The total program for these new engines using low sulfur diesel is expected to achieve a 90 percent reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions and a 95 percent reduction in NO

x emissions (as compared to existing engines using higher-content sulfur diesel).

c. Large Non-road Diesel Engines Rule

In May 2004, the EPA promulgated new rules for large non-road diesel engines (such as those used in construction, agricultural, and industrial equipmen t) to be phased in between 2008 and 2014. The nonroad diesel rules also reduce the allowable sulfur in non-road diesel fuel by over 99 percent. Non-road diesel fuel currently averages about 3,400 ppm sulfur. The rule limited non-road diesel sulfur content to 500 ppm in 2006 and 15 ppm in 2010. The combined engine and fuel rules have reduced NO

x and PM emissions from large non-road diesel engines by over 90 percent (as compared to current non-road engines using higher-content sulfur diesel).

d. Non-road Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engines Standard

This standard, effective in July 2003, regulates NO

x , hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) for groups of previously unregulated non-road engines. The standard applies to all new engines imported

into or sold within the United States after these standards begin. It applies to large spark-ignition engines (e.g. forklifts and airport ground service equipment), recreational vehicles (e.g. off-highway motorcycles and all-terrain-vehicles), and recreational marine di esel engines. The regulation varies based upon the type of engine or vehicle.

The large spark-ignition engines contribute to oz one formation and ambient CO and PM levels in urban areas. Tier 1 of this standard was implemented in 2004, and Tier 2 in 2007. Like the large sparkignition, recreational vehicles contribute to ozone fo rmation and ambient CO and PM levels. For all model-year 2006 off-highway motorcycles and all-terra in-vehicles, the new exhaust emissions standard was phased-in at 50 percent; for model years 2007 and la ter, the standard was phased-in at 100 percent. Recreational marine diesel engines over 37 kilowatts (u sed in yachts, cruisers, and other types of pleasure craft) contribute to ozone formation and PM levels, especially in marinas. For certain recreational marine diesel engine sizes, the standard began to be phased-in in 2006.

When all of the non-road spark-ignition engin es and recreational engines standards are fully implemented, overall reduc tions of 72 percent in HC, 80 percent in NO

x , and 56 percent in CO emissions are expected by 2020. These controls will help re duce ambient concentrations of ozone, CO, and fine

PM.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 e. NO

x SIP Call

In October 1998, the EPA issued the “Finding of Significant Contribution and Rulemaking for Certain States in the Ozone Transport Assessmen t Group Region for Purposes of Reducing Regional Transport of Ozone” (63 FR 57356; October 27, 1998), commonly called the “NO

x SIP Call.” The NO

x SIP Call created the NO

x Budget Trading Program, an emissions allowance trading program designed to reduce the amount of ozone that crosses state lines by limiting NO

x emissions from utilities and large

industrial sources in the eastern United States.

The NO

x Budget Trading Program was effective in reducing NO

x emissions: By the end of 2008, ozone season emissions dropped by 62 percent from 2000 at all sources subject to the NO X SIP Call (EPA, NO

x Budget Trading Program: 2008 Highlights , October 2009, page 3, Available at http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/progress/NBP_4/NBP_2008_Highlights.pdf , last accessed May 13, 2011). It follows that the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area benefited from these overall reductions, since it is part of the larger NO

x SIP Call area. The NO

x Budget Trading Program also reduced local emissions. The one source subject to the NO

x SIP Call in the portion of York County in the Metrolina nonattainment area, AbitibiBowater Inc. - Catawba Operations, reduced ozone season NO

x emissions from 36 tons in 2003, the first year of the NO

x Budget Trading Program, to 14 tons in 2008, the final year of the NO

x Budget Trading Program.

In 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Intersta te Rule (“CAIR”) (70 FR 25162; May 12, 2005), which was intended to supplant the NO

x SIP Call. The DC Court of Appeals subsequently remanded CAIR to the EPA, which is developing the proposed Transport Rule (75 FR 45210, August 2, 2010) as a replacement.

f. Control Technique Guidelines (CTGs)

In the York County portion of the Metrolina nonatta inment area, there are currently no VOC sources subject to CTGs. The Department pr ovided certifications to this effect to the EPA within the original attainment demonstration (August 31, 2007) and on Februa ry 23, 2009 (Group III, 72 FR 57215), and July 9, 2009 (Group IV, 73 FR 40230), respectively. The Department will continue to evaluate the applicability of CTGs as new groups are promulgated.

2. State Control Measures

a. New Source Review Regulations

On December 31, 2002, the EPA finalized revisi ons to the New Source Review (NSR) program. The major NSR program is a preconstruction review and permitting program applicable to new or modified major stationary sources of air pollutants. In areas not meeting health-based NAAQS, the program is referred to as the Prevention of Significant Deterior ation (PSD) program. Collectively, these programs are commonly referred to as the major NSR program.

In accordance with the EPA’s final rule revisi ons, state agency programs must adopt and submit revisions to their SIPs to include the minimum program elements outlined in the final rules. States may choose to adopt provisions that differ from the fina l rules; however, to be approvable under the SIP, the state must show that the regulations are at least as stringent as the EPA’s amendments.

After a lengthy stakeholder process, SCDHEC submi tted revisions to the Legislature in January 2005 to comply with the EPA requirements. The re visions adopted by SCDHEC differ from the federal revisions in several key respects and have the effect of being more stringent than the federal rules. TheseRevision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 revisions were approved by the General Assembly and became state-effective upon publication in the State Register on June 24, 2005. The final regulations prom ulgated amendments to Regulations 61-62.1, Definitions and General Requirements , and R. 61-62.5, Standard No. 7, Prevention of Significant

Deterioration , and also promulgated a new regulati on, R. 61-62.5, Standard No. 7.1, Nonattainment New

Source Review

.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62, Definitions and General Requirements

, Section II - Permit Requirements

This regulation implements a program for the minor new source review permitting program, which enhances the state’s prevention of significan t deterioration of air quality initiatives.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 7, Prevention of Significant Deterioration

This regulation implements a program for the preven tion of significant deterioration of air quality for sources located in or whose construction is proposed in an unclassifiable/attainment area of the state.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.5, No. 7.1 - Nonattainment New Source

Review

This regulation implements a program whereby s ources located in or whose construction is proposed in nonattainment areas are subject to the requi rements of R. 61-62.5, Standard No. 7.1.

b. NO

x Regulations

These regulations specify the requirements for controlling NO

x and for demonstrating compliance

with NO

x limitations.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 2 - Ambient Air Quality

Standards

This regulation contains the state of South Carolin a ambient air quality standards, which include the

8-hour ozone standards.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 5.2 - Control of Oxides of Nitrogen (NO

x )

This regulation contains the NO

x control standards applicable to a ffected stationary sources that emit or have the potential to emit NO

x generated from fuel combustion.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.96 - Nitrogen Oxides (NO

x ) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Budget Trading Program

This regulation contains South Carolina’ s adoption of federal CAIR regulations.

• South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.99 - Nitrogen Oxides Budget Program Requirements for Stationary Sources Not in the Trading Program

This regulation details requirements for controlling NO

x emissions from cement manufacturing.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 • South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.2 - Prohibition of Open Burning

The revision (June 25, 2004) of R. 61-62.2, Prohibition of Open Burning , includes a ban of certain open burning during the ozone season for additional control of NO

x emissions.

c. VOC Regulations: South Carolina Air Pollution Control Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No.

5 - Volatile Organic Compounds

This regulation contains re quirements for controlling VOCs.

d. Emissions Inventory: South Carolina Regulation 61-62.1, Definitions and General Requirements , Section III - Emissions Inventory

This regulation requires the submittal of emissi ons inventory information by affected sources.

e. Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM)

Reasonably Available Control Measures is a broadl y defined term referring to technologies and other measures that can be used to control pollution; includes Reasonably Available Control Technology and

other measures.

The EPA’s final 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS implemen tation rule in 40 CFR 51. 912(d), pursuant to section 172(c)(1) of the CAA, requires the attainme nt demonstration SIP submittal to include “a SIP revision demonstrating that it has adopted all RACM necessary to demonstrate attainment as expeditiously as practicable and to meet any RFP re quirements.” In addition, the EPA’s RACM policy

indicates that areas should consider all candidate me asures that are potentially available, including any that have been suggested for the particular nona ttainment area. Although areas should consider all available measures, areas need onl y adopt measures if they are both economically and technologically feasible and will contribute to timely attainment or are necessary for RFP. Measures that might be

available but would not advance attainment or cont ribute to RFP need not be considered RACM. A

number of emissions controls programs were implemented in South Carolina following the CAA Amendments of 1990, and substantial further emission s reductions have since occurred in the state as well

as the Metrolina nonattainment area. SCDHEC intends to continue to investigate and, where appropriate, adopt additional measures that would reduce emissions of ozone precursors even further. Such measures may help the state in the future as it maintain s the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The source categories emitting the vast preponderance of ozone precursor emis sions in the state are already subject to control requirements.

C. Emissions Inventory

There are two basic approaches used to demonstr ate continued maintenance. The first is the comparison of a projected emissions inventory with a baseline emissions inventory. The second approach involves complex analysis using gridded dispersion m odeling. The approach used by the SCDHEC is the comparison of emissions inventories for the years 2010 and 2022.

For the maintenance demonstration, the base year of 2010 was chosen since it is a year that falls within the attaining design value period of 2008-201 0 and some emissions inventory data was already developed for this year. The maintenance demons tration is made by comparing the 2010 baseline emissions inventory to the 2022 projected emissions inventory. The baseline emissions inventory represents an emission level for a period when the ambient air quality standard was not violated, 2008-Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 2010. If the projected emissions remain at or be low the baseline emissions, continued maintenance is demonstrated and the ambient air quality standard shoul d not be violated in the future. In addition to comparing the final year of the plan, all of the in terim years are compared to the 2010 baseline to demonstrate that these years are also expected to show continued maintenanc e of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS.

The emissions inventories are comprised of four ma jor types of sources: point, area, on-road mobile, and non-road mobile. The projected emissions inventor ies have been estimated using projected rates of growth in population, traffic, economic activity, and other parameters. Naturally occurring, or biogenic, emissions are not included in the emissions inventory comparison, as these emissions are outside the State’s span of control.

The NCDAQ has developed a maintenance plan fo r the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina

nonattainment area. For emissions summaries fo r the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area, refer to the Redesignation Dem onstration and Maintenan ce Plan submitted by the NCDAQ.

1. Emission Inventories

There are four different man-made emission invent ory source classifications: (1) point, (2) area, (3) on-road mobile, and (4) nonroad mobile sources.

Point sources are those larger industrial or commerc ial stationary facilities that must have Title V permits issued by the SCDHEC Bureau of Air Qual ity (BAQ). These sources have the potential to emit

more than 100 tons of NO

x or VOC. The source emissions are tabulated from data collected by direct onsite measurements of emissions or mass balance calc ulations utilizing emission factors from the EPA’s AP-42. There are usually several emission sources for each facility. Emission data is collected for each point source at a facility and the data is entered into an in-house database system. For the projected year’s inventory, point sources are adjusted by growth fact ors based on Standard Industrial Classification codes. The growth factors are generated using the EPA’s Economic Growth Analysis System version 5.0 (EGAS 5.0) program. A complete description of how these inventories were developed is discussed in detail in Appendix A.

Area sources are those stationary sources whose em issions are relatively small but due to the large number of these sources, the collective emissions coul d be significant (i.e., smaller industrial facilities, dry cleaners, service stations, etc.). For area sources, emissions are estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator of collective activ ity such as production, number of employees, or population. These types of emissions are estimated on the county level. For the projected year’s inventory, area source emissions are changed by population growth, projected production growth, or when applicable, by E-GAS 5.0 growth factors. A complete description of how these inventories were developed is discussed in detail in Appendix B.

For on-road mobile sources, the EPA mobile model MOVES2010a is used to generate emissions. MOVES can be used to estimate exhaust and evaporative emissions as well as brake and tire wear emissions from all types of on-road vehicles. Th e estimation of emissions involves multiplying an activity level by an emission factor, and is all done within the model. The activity level used by MOVES2010a is vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Fo r the future years’ inventories, the MOVES 2010a mobile model takes into consideration expected federa l tailpipe standards, fleet turnover, and new fuels. A complete description of how these inventories were developed is discussed in detail in Appendix C.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Nonroad mobile sources are equipment that can move but do not use the roadways, i.e., lawn mowers, construction equipment, railroad locomotives, aircra ft, etc. The emissions from this category are calculated using the EPA’s NONROAD2008a non-road m obile model, with the exception of the railroad locomotives and aircraft engine. The railroad locomo tive and aircraft engine emissions are estimated by multiplying an activity level by an emission factor. These emissions are also estimated at the county level. For the projected years’ inventories, the emissions are estimated using the EPA’s NONROAD2008a non-road mobile model, E-GAS 5.0 grow th factors, or projected landing and take off data for aircraft. A complete description of how th ese inventories were developed is discussed in detail in Appendix D.

2. Summary of Emissions

The tables below contain the estimated emissions from all of the emission source sectors, i.e., point, area, on-road mobile, and nonroad mobile for the Yo rk County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area. Additionally, the sum total of these man-ma de emissions for the York County portion of the

Metrolina nonattainment area is tabulated in Table III-1. For emissions summaries for the North Carolina portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area, refer to the Redesignation Demons tration and Maintenance Plan submitted by the NCDAQ.

Table III-1 Point Source Emissions

County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

VOC Emissions (tons/day)

York* 2.07 2.06 2.2 2.34 2.49

NO

x Emissions (tons/day)

York* 4.54 4.64 4.91 5.19 5.48
* Portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment area

Table III-2 Area Source Emissions

County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

VOC Emissions (tons/day)

York* 7.1645 7.3870 7.5672 7.7027 7.8311

NO

x Emissions (tons/day)

York* 1.1733 1.2219 1.2665 1.3183 1.3641
* Portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment areaRevision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Table III-3 On-Road Mobile Source Emissions

County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

VOC Emissions (tons/day)

York* 3.92 3.14 2.61 2.29 2.14

NO

x Emissions (tons/day)

York* 12.05 8.73 6.52 5.16 4.42

* Portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment area

Table III-4 Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions

County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

VOC Emissions (tons/day)

York* 2.149 1.776 1.541 1.438 1.407

NO

x Emissions (tons/day)

York* 3.209 2.686 2.174 1.817 1.595

* Portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment area

Table III-5 Total Man-Made Emissions

County 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

VOC Emissions (tons/day)

York* 15.30 14.36 13.92 13.77 13.87

NO

x Emissions (tons/day)

York* 20.97 17.28 14.87 13.49 12.86

* Portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment area

3. Maintenance Demonstration

As discussed above, maintenance is demonstrated wh en the future years total man-made emissions are

less than the 2010 baseline emissions. The fo llowing table summarizes the VOC and NO

x emissions for the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainme nt area. The difference between the base year (2010) and the final year (2022) illustrates that the continued maintenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS is expected.

Although there is a slight increase in VOC emi ssions between 2019 and 2022, the SCDHEC does not

believe this is inconsistent with the maintenance demonstration. Firs t, the 2022 emissions are still below the baseline emissions for 2010. There are significan tly more VOC emissions in the atmosphere than

NO

x emissions and a vast majority of the total VOC emissions come from biogenic, or natural, sources, which cannot be controlled. Therefore a slight in crease in man-made VOC emissions in 2022 will not result in an increase in ozone formation. As noted earlier, this area is NO

x limited for ozone.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Table III-6 Maintenance Demonstration

Year VOC TPD NO

x TPD

2010 15.30 20.97

2013 14.36 17.28

2016 13.92 14.87

2019 13.77 13.49

2022 13.87 12.86

Difference from

2010 to 2022 -1.43 -8.11

The difference between the attainment level of emi ssions (2010) from all ma n-made sources and the projected level of emissions from all man-made so urces in the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area is considered the “safety margin.” The safety margin for each projected year is listed

below in Table III-7.

Table III-7 Safety Margin

Year VOC TPD NOx TPD

2010 N/A N/A

2013 -0.94 -3.69

2016 -1.38 -6.10

2019 -1.53 -7.48

2022 -1.43 -8.11Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 D. CONTINGENCY PLAN

1. Overview

The two main elements of the South Carolina contingency plan are tracking and triggering mechanisms to determine when contingency meas ures are needed and a process of developing and adopting appropriate control measures.

2. Contingency Plan Trigger

The primary trigger for evaluation of the continge ncy plan will be a quality assured/quality controlled (QA/QC) design value that exceeds the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS at any monitor within the Metrolina nonattainment area. In addition, SCDHEC will mon itor periodic emissions inventory updates and compare to projected emissions. If projected emissi ons in this maintenance plan are significantly less than actual emissions, SCDHEC will investigate the di fferences and develop an appropriate strategy for addressing these differences.

3. Contingency Measures

The measures that will be considered for adoption upon a trigger of the contingency plan include:

• RACT for NO

x on existing stationary sources not subject to existing requirements;

• Implementation of diesel retrofit programs, incl uding incentives for performing retrofits for fleet vehicle operations;

• Alternative fuel programs for fleet vehicle operations;

• Gas can and lawnmower replacement programs;

• Voluntary engine idling reduction programs;

• SCDHEC’s Take a Break from the Exhaust program; and

• Other measures deemed appropriate at the time as a result of advances in control technologies.

Programs such as diesel retrofitting may be depende nt on the availability of federal funding.

4. Action Resulting from Trigger Activation

In the event that the trigger is activated, th e SCDHEC will begin analyses to include emissions inventory assessment to determine those emission contro l measures that will be necessary for attaining or maintaining the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS. SCDHEC is obligated to, at a minimum, consult with the NCDAQ to determine which state, South Carolina an d/or North Carolina, will implement a contingency measure(s) within a timeframe, specified in the resp ective maintenance plan, to bring the area back into

attainment.

The following schedule for adoption, implementati on, and compliance applies to the contingency measures concerning the option of implementing regulatory requirements in South Carolina:Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 • Verification through quality assurance and certifi cation of the monitored ozone data, via the ambient air quality monitor(s) in the Metrolina nonattainment area;

• Analysis of available data regarding the ai r quality, meteorology, transport, and related

activities in the area to determine th e possible cause of the violation;

• If deemed necessary, selection of a measure within three months after verification of an exceedance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS at an y monitor within the Metrolina nonattainment

area;

• Development and implementation of necessary re gulations will be as soon as practicable and within the guidelines established in the South Ca rolina Administrative Procedures Act or no more than two years after selection of the appropriate measure.

5. Tracking for Ongoing Maintenance

As part of a statewide monitoring network, ther e is one monitoring site (York CMS - AQS ID 45- 091-0006) which is located in south-central York County. This site was established as an upwind background monitor in 1993. This s ite is important for forecasting ozone concentrations in the Metrolina nonattainment area. In addition to measuring ozone, this site also measures wind speed and wind

direction. South Carolina will con tinue operation of an appropriate air quality monitoring network in accordance with 40 CFR Part 58, Ambient Air Qu ality Surveillance and associated appendices.

South Carolina will continue to update its emissions inventory, including York County, at least once every three years. In addition to the emissions inve ntory for 2010, the emissions inventory base year, and the last year of the maintenance plan, 2022, interim years of 2013, 2016 and 2019 were selected to show a trend analysis for maintenance of the 1997 8-h our ozone NAAQS. Tracking the progress of the maintenance plan also includes performing reviews of the updated emissions inventories for the area using the latest emissions factors, models, and methodologies. For these periodic inventories, SCDHEC will review the assumptions made for the purpose of the maintenance demonstration concerning projected growth of activity levels.

In addition, SCDHEC will continue our commitment to work with local stakeholders to maintain the NAAQS as required. These stakeholders continue to pursue actions that improve air quality in general, focusing on multi-pollutant efforts that reduce emissions contributing to ozone and particulate matter, and that also reduce air toxics and greenhouse gas emissi ons. Local stakeholders continue to be more engaged than ever in air quality issues and understa nding how the decisions made locally impact air quality. As proven in South Carolina, by taking ear ly action, states may be able to prevent any actual violations of the NAAQS and, therefore, eliminate the need on the part of the EPA to redesignate an area

to nonattainment.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION IV. MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BUDGET

A. Transportation Conformity

The purpose of transportation conformity is to ensu re that federal transporta tion actions occurring in

nonattainment and maintenance areas do not hinder the area from attaining and maintaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The level of emissions estimated by RFATS for the Transportation Implementation Plan (TIP) and Long Range Transportati on Plan (LRTP) must not exceed the motor vehicle emission budget (MVEB) as defined in this redesignati on demonstration and maintenance plan.

B. On-road Mobile Source VOC Insignificance

Section 93.109(k), in the Transportation Confor mity Rule Amendments for the new 8-hour ozone and fine particulate matter NAAQS (July 2004), addresses areas with insignificant motor vehicle emissions. The rule suggests that such a finding wo uld be based on a number of factors, including the percentage of motor vehicle emissions in the context of the total SIP inventory, the current state of air quality as determined by monitoring data for that NAAQS, the absence of SIP motor vehicle control measures, and historical trends and future projections of the growth of motor vehicle emissions. Also, in the EPA’s approval of VOC insignificance for the Triangle area of North Carolina ( http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA- AIR/2007/October/Day-03/a19513.htm ) , it states that the policy provides flexibility for areas where motor vehicle emis sions have little or no impact on an area’s air quality problem. Further, the EPA states that the policy provides for state and local resources to be directed towards reducing emissions from those sources that contribute the most to an area’s air quality problem.

The SCDHEC has examined the North Carolina Depa rtment of Air Quality’s (NCDAQ’s) study to

determine sources of VOC emissions and their cont ribution to ozone formation in the Metrolina nonattainment area. Due to the gene rally warm and moist climate of the Carolinas, vegetation abounds in many forms, and forested lands naturally cover mu ch of each state. The NCDAQ has found that, as a result, the biogenic sector is the most abundant source of VOC emissions in the Carolinas, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the total VOC emis sions. The overwhelming abundance of biogenic VOC emissions makes the majority of North and South Ca rolina, including the Metrolina nonattainment area, a

NO

x -limited environment for the formation of ozone.

Additionally, the SCDHEC has reviewed a number of modeling sensitivity runs performed by the NCDAQ that were designed to determine the impact of on-road mobile sour ce VOCs on ozone formation

in the Metrolina nonattainment area. The results of these sensitivities indicate no change in future ozone

concentrations in the Metrolina nonattainment area when on-road mobile VOC emissions are significantly changed (e.g., 50 percent decrease) . These sensitivities are discussed in more detail in Appendix C.

The SCDHEC agrees with the NCDAQ findings th at on-road mobile VOCs are insignificant

contributors to ozone formation in the Metrolina nonattainment area. Emission estimates indicate on-road mobile VOC is a small percentage of the total VOC emissions inventory. On-road mobile VOC emissions are projected to decrease in the future. Emission sensitivity modeling indicates no change in

future ozone concentrations when VOC emissions are significantly reduced. For these reasons, the SCDHEC did not set a motor vehicle emissions budget (MVEB) for VOC in the original attainment demonstration (August 30, 2007). The SCDHEC consulte d with its interagency transportation partners prior to reaching this conclusion. NCDAQ did not submit a MVEB for VOC with their attainment demonstration either. Both agencies planned to re visit the setting of MVEB for VOC if there was any

future indication that the Metrolina nonattainment area has become VOC-sensitive for ozone formation.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 However, the EPA indicated by email on October 6, 2009, by phone on October 21, 2009, and again on December 9, 2009, that it does not agree that on- road mobile VOCs are insignificant contributors to ozone formation. Although SCDHEC disagrees with the EPA’s assessment, SCDHEC submitted a VOC MVEB for the York County portion of the Metro lina nonattainment area for the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS attainment demonstration on April 29, 2010, and is also submitting a VOC MVEB as a part of this redesignation demonstration and maintenance plan. Further discussion of the VOC insignificance issue can be found in Appendix C and SCDHEC welcomes the opportunity to address this issue further

with the EPA.

C. Safety Margin

The difference between the attainment level of emi ssions (2010) from all ma n-made sources and the projected level of emissions from all man-made so urces in the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area is considered the “safety margin.” The safety margin for each projected year is listed

below in Table IV-1.

Table IV-1 Safety Margin in To ns Per Day and Kilograms Per Day

Year VOC TPD VOC kg/day NO

x TPD NO

x kg/day

2010 n/a n/a n/a n/a
2013 0.94 853 3.69 3,348
2016 1.38 1,252 6.10 5,534
2019 1.53 1,388 7.48 6,786
2022 1.43 1,297 8.11 7,357

D. Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets

According to Section 93.118 of the aforementioned Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments, a maintenance plan must establish MVEB s for the last year of the maintenance plan, in this case, 2022. Through the interagency consultati on process, it was decided MVEBs would also be set for the year 2013

in the RFATS area.

The MVEBs will be set in terms of kilograms (kg) per day. During the preparation of the York

nonattainment area attainment demonstration in 2007 it was determined through interagency consultation that kg per day would be the most appropriate un it to use for MVEBs and transportation conformity.

In South Carolina refueling emissions are included in the area source inventory and as such are not included in the MVEBs. Refueling emissions calculate d with the EPA’s on-road mobile source emissions model are shown in Appendix C for informational purposes.

Table IV-2 shows the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area on-road mobile NO

x and VOC emissions expressed in tons per day and th e corresponding kilograms per day values for 2013

and 2022.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 Table I V-2: On-road Mobile Source NO

x and VOC Emissions York County portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area

2013 2022 Pollutant Tons/day Kg/day Tons/day Kg/day

NO

x 8.73 7,924 4.42 4,011
VOC 3.14 2,846 2.14 1,939

SCDHEC has decided to allocate the safety margin to the MVEBs to allow for unanticipated growth in VMT, changes to vehicle mix assumptions, etc., th at will influence the emission estimates. Upon the EPA’s affirmative adequacy finding for the partia l county MVEBs, as shown in Table IV-3, they will become the applicable MVEBs for the York County portion of the Metrolina nonattainment area.

Table IV-3 : NO

x and VOC MVEBs for 2013 and 2022 York County portion of the Metrolina Nonattainment Area

2013 2022

NO

x Emissions (kg/day)
Base Emissions 7,924 4,011 Safety Margin Allocated to MVEB 3,348 7,357

NO

x Conformity MVEB 11,272 11,368 VOC Emissions (kg/day)
Base Emissions 2,846 1,939 Safety Margin Allocated to MVEB 853 1,297 VOC Conformity MVEB 3,699 3,236Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION V. STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN APPROVAL

A. INTRODUCTION

For an area to be redesignated and have an approved maintenance plan, the SIP must include evidence of compliance with the rules relied on to show maintenance of the standard. This section provides the evidence of complian ce with such rules for the York County portion of the Metrolina

nonattainment area.

B. EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE

The following rules regulating the emissions of VOCs and NO

x have been approved, or have been submitted for approval, by the EPA into the state SIP:

R. 61-62.1 – Definitions and General Requirements R. 62.2 – Prohibition of Open Burning R. 62.3 – Air Pollution Episodes

R. 62.4 – Hazardous Air Pollution Conditions

R. 62.5 – Air Pollution Standards Standard 1 – Emissions from Fuel Burning Operations Standard 2 – Ambient Air Quality Standards

Standard 4 – Emissions from Process Industries Standard 5 – Volatile Organic Compounds Standard 5.2 – Control of Oxides of Nitrogen Standard 6 – Alternative Emission Limitation Options Standard 7 – Prevention of Significant Deterioration

Standard 7.1 – Nonattainment New Source Review R. 62.6 – Control of Fugitive Particulate Matter R. 62.7 – Good Engineering Practice Stack Height R. 62.96 – Nitrogen Oxides Budget Trading Program

R. 62.99 – NO X Budget Program Requirements for Stationary Sources Not in the Trading Program

Regulation 61-62.5 Standard No. 2, Ambient Air Quality Standards serves to establish emission limits for ozone, while Regulation 61-62.1 Definitions and General Requirements addresses some required control measures, means and techniques for a source to certify compliance. Regulations 61-62.5 Standards 1; 4; 5; 5.2; and, 62.96, and 62.99 all provide for direct or indirect control of VOCs and NO

x emissions for particular source categories and processes.

Regulations 61-62.1, Regulations and General Requirements ; 62.5, Standard No. 7, Prevention of Significant Deterioration ; and 62.5, Standard No. 7.1, Nonattainment New Source Review provide for the enforcement of all SIP measures and the regulation of construction of new or modified stationary sources, and apply to the construc tion of any new major and some minor stationary sources or any project at existing major or some minor stationary sources in areas designated as attainment, unclassifiable, or nonattainment. These regulations meet federal pr evention of significant deterioration (PSD) and nonattainment new source review (NSR) requirements.

Regulations 61-62.3, Air Pollution Episodes and 62.4, Hazardous Air Pollution Conditions include provisions for the curtailment of processes which contri bute to air pollution levels which are a substantial and imminent threat to public health. Regulation 61-62.2, Prohibition of Open Burning , prohibits open burning in certain instances which may be detrimen tal to air quality and includes a ban of certain open burning during the ozone season for additional control of NO

x emissions.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 40 CFR Section 52.2133 General Conformity, was adopted into the South Carolina State Implementation Plan on June 16, 1997 (62 FR 32537) , and incorporates by reference 40 CFR Part 51, subpart W, Determining Conformity of General Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation

Plans , which will continue to apply to the portion of York County within the Metrolina nonattainment area. On July, 28, 2009 (74 FR 37168), the EPA a pproved the South Carolina Transportation Conformity

SIP submittal which consists of tran sportation conformity criteria and procedures related to interagency consultation and enforceability of certain trans portation-related control measures and mitigation measures. This updated the transpor tation conformity criteria and procedures in the South Carolina SIP.

Standards incorporated in Regulations 61-62.60, SC Designated Facility Plan and New Source Performance Standards ; 62.61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP); and 62.63, NESHAPs for Source Categories also control the emissions of VOCs and NO

x , but have not been submitted to the EPA for SIP approval. The stat e does, however, have authority to enforce these standards either automatically once promulgated by the federal government (NESHAP regulations) or once incorporated into state regulations (NSPS regulations).

Also, Section 48-1-50(23) of the 1976 South Caro lina Code of Laws, as amended, provides the Department with the statutory authority to “ Adopt emission and effluent control regulations, standards and limitations that are applicable to the entire State, that are applicable only within specified areas or zones of the State, or that are applicable only when a specified class of pollutant is present .”Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION VI. STATE COMPLIANCE WITH CLEAN AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS

Section 107(d)(3)(E)(v) of the CAA requires that the provisions of Section 110 and part D of the Act be met within the area to be redesignated. This mean s that South Carolina must meet all requirements, if any, that had come due as of the date of the redesignation request.

The EPA in its latest guidance on meeting redesignation requirements as contained in a memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Qualit y Management Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards to the EPA Regional Offices dated September 4, 1992, states that “For the purposes of redesignation, a state must meet all requirements of Section 110 and Part D that were applicable prior to submittal of the complete re designation request. When evaluating a redesignation request, Regions should not consider whether the stat e has met requirements that come due under the Act after submittal of a complete redesignation request.”

Monitoring is one of the requirements of Secti on 110. The SCDHEC will continue operation of the York CMS ozone monitor in compliance with 40 CF R Part 58, Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, providing sufficient funding is available for continue d operation and access to the site is continued. No plans are currently underway to discontinue operation, relocation, or otherwise affect the integrity of the ambient monitoring network in place. Changes will only be made if they are consistent with 40 CFR Part 58 and associated appendices and included in the SCDHEC Annual Network Description and Ambient Air Network Monitoring Plan.Revision to the South Carolina Air Quality Implementation Plan Narrative

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May 31, 2011 SECTION VII. CONCLUSION

The most recent three years of ozone monitoring data for the Metrolina nonattainment area demonstrate compliance with the 1997 8-hour ozon e NAAQS. Since the 1990’s, there have been many major programs enacted in South Carolina that have led to significant actual, enforceable emissions reductions, which have led to improvements in the air quality in the Metrolina nonattainment area. Additionally, the maintenance plan demonstrates that the projected emissions inventories for 2022, the final year of the maintenance plan, as well as the in terim years, are all less than the base year (2010) emissions inventory. This SIP revision, which c onstitutes a redesignation dem onstration and maintenance plan as required by the CAA, demonstrates that ma intenance of the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS has been

achieved for the Metrolina nonattainment area.