14

than 1% inches at the tip of the cob with poorly developed or missing kemels; OR,
not more than 1 square inch on other parts; OR, a combination on the tip and other
portions of the ear which do not exceed the maximum permitted by any of the
guidelines. If the cob has a combination of 1% inches of poorly developed or
missing kemels at the tip of the cob, AND any amount on other parts of the cob the
ear would be considered “not fairly well filled.“ Also, if a cob 6 inches in length has
1 square inch of poorly developed or missing kemels on the center portion of the
cob (and/or the shank end), AND any amount on the tip end of the cob the ear
would be considered “not fairly well filled." (The same applies for moderately filled,
except for the allowable amounts oni the tip and other portions.)

(See illustrations on following page.)

Covering

The U.S. Fancy grade requires that the cobs be well covered.
The U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades require the cobs be fairly well covered.
The U.S. Fancy Husked and the U.S. No. 1 Husked grades require the cob
to be husked.

§51.843 Definitions..."Well covered" means that the husk enclosing the ear is
tight and undisturbed, except that a slight opening may have been made at the
tip: Provided, That the disturbed part has been properly replaced so that the
appearance of the ear is not more than slightly affected.

§51.843 Definitions..."Fairly well covered" means that the husk enclosing the
ear is fairly tight and undisturbed except that an opening may have been made
at the tip: Provided, That the disturbed part has been properly replaced so
that the appearance of the ear is not materially affected.

§51.843 Definitions..."Husked" means that on the full length of the cob the
equivatent of at least 3 rows of kernels are exposed up to the entire cob.

As _a guide, if more than 1 inch by 1 inch square at the tip of the cob is
exposed, it is considered “not well covered" and stored against the total tolerance
for the U.S. Fancy grade. If more than 1 inch by 1% inches at the tip of the cob is
exposed, it is considered “not fairly well covered" and scored as a defect against
the total tolerance for the U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades.

if an ear of U.S. Fancy Husked and U.S. No. 1 Husked does not have at least
the equivalent of 3 rows of kemels exposed for the full length of the cob, up to the
-entire cob being. exposed, it shall be considered “not husked." This shall be
scored as a defect against the total tolerance of either husked grade.


Revised, June 1996, HU-131-6(a)
Appendix 1, Page i, Sweet Com, Shipping Point and
-Market Inspection instructions, June 1994

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Appendix Il -i


Appendix Il

Certificate & Notesheet Examples





(8) Size

The U.S. Fancy grade requires each cob to be at least 6 inches in length.
_ Clipped ears cannot grade U.S. Fancy.

The U.S. Fancy Husked and the U.S. No. 1 grades require, unless otherwise
specified, the length of each cob, clipped or unclipped, shall be not less than
5 inches.

The U.S. No. 1 Husked and the U.S. No. 2 grades require, unless otherwise
specified, the length of each cob, clipped or unclipped, shall be not less than
4 inches. .

The U.S. Fancy Husked, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Husked, and U.S. No. 2
grades permit clipped ears and unclipped ears in the same package, provided each
cob meets the minimum specified length.

Reporting Size

When reporting size, the length of the cob shall be reported to the nearest
half inch. The length of the cob means the overall length from the tip to the shank
end of the cob. Measurement of the ear should include the cob only and not the
shank. (See illustration, page ii.)

When reporting size and there is a wide range in the length of cobs in a load
and/or lot, the range shall be followed by a "mostly" range, and a positive statement
shalt be made as to undersize. (For tolerances and application of tolerances see
those sections.)

Example: Size: Cobs clipped. Generally 5 to 7 inches, mostly 5% to
6 inches in length. Average 2% undersize. (Refer to the certificate examples in
Appendix I for reporting procedures.)

nen

(9) Quality and Condition

Statements pertaining to freshness, maturity, trimming, the amount and kind
of quality defects, and the amount of decay is shown under the appropriate
headings. Those factors noted with one asterisk (%«) shall be reported as
CONDITION factors on market certificates. Those factors noted with two asterisks
(>) may be considered as QUALITY or CONDITION, depending on the
circumstances. Factors with no asterisk are considered as quality only.


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————

Appendix I -xii

US. Govemenont Prog Once: 1999 — 209-198

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Appendix Il - x


Revised, February 2007, HU-152-14(b),
18 Page 18, Sweet Corn, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, June 1994

The U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 1: Husked grades require that the ears be “free from
damage by worms or other insects.” This means that on unclipped ears when the injury
extends more than 1% inches from the tip on an ear 6 inches in length (proportionally
greater or lesser amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears, respectively) it shall be
damaged. If the injury affects kernels on other parts of the ear, or any worm injury on

clipped ears shall be considered damaged. Any worm or insect injury of lesser amounts
than above and/or the presence of worms and/or insects may be reported on the
certificate as “not affecting grade, reported at applicant's request.”

The U.S. No. 2 grade does not have any specific guidelines in the standards as
to how to score the presence of worms and/or insects. Therefore, they will not be
scored, but may be reported on the certificate as not affecting grade, reported at’
applicant's request. Even though the presence of worms and/or insects is not to be
scored,a separate column should be kept on the notesheet in the event that the
applicant requests this factor to be reported.

The U.S. No. 2 grade requires that the ears be “free from serious damage by
worms or other insects.” This means that on unclipped ears when the injury extends
more than 2 inches from the tip on an ear 6 inches in length (proportionally greater or
lesser amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears, respectively) it shall be seriously
damaged. If the injury affects more than 4 kernels on other parts of the ear, or any
worm injury on clipped ears extending more % inch from the tip shall be considered
seriously damaged. Any worm or insect injury of lesser amounts than above and/or the
presence of worms and/or insects may be reported on the certificate as “not affecting
grade, reported at applicant's request.”

En route or at destination, if the worms or insects are live, or there is evidence of
fresh frass, which occurred during transit, treat as a condition factor. If the worms or
insects are dead, and the worm or insect injury is old, treat as a quality factor. !f both
live and dead worms or insects are present, treat as a condition factor.

Auxiliary Ears

Auxiliary ears are scored under the general definitions for injury, damage, and
serious damage. Serious damage must seriously detract from the appearance and
have multiple auxiliary ears before being scored as such. Visual aid, COR-1-IDENT,
has been developed to help identify this quality defect.

Smut

Smut usually appears at the tip of the ear as white galls, which turn brown to
black and affect the kernels with a dust-like fungus. All visible stages of this disease
shall be considered a defect and scored as serious damage in all grades.

thke


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Lot inspection

| 1000 hie Gravy

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CORN 11.04 gushel .

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Geade de fects avivace within tplevone. .
No Deca .

at acolicant's vegarst.

1, cthe.Gndersigned, @ “duly authorized inspector of the United States
Department ‘of “Agriculture, .do hereby certity that samples of the

re S|
[herein described product were inspected -and the grades 2s shown —_——
by said samples were ss herein stated. |
: ue:
i if 7 ESTIMATED TOTAL
por Kee af: 2/?3
: so
INSPECTORS SIGNATURE DATE ISSUED
FV160 noan Wenn vermions may be ured

Appendix II - ii

N


Table of Contents

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
(7)
(8)

(9)

Section Page (s)
Gere ral .........sesssscsseeessecsesessssssssescessatoecusesnsacseesseaesesaneasansnssasaesaescaracentenes i

Corn Illustration

Sampling
Representative Sampling.
Size of Sample .........
Number of Samples..

Tolerances.....ssscscsssessssecessessesesseesersencesssnsaesseensasscenenssceearseneatersersenessers 2

Application of Tolerances..

Products Inspected...
Commodity
Containers .

Distinguishing Marks.

State of Origin.......

Quantity Inspected
Condition Of Pack .......csssssesssessecesrsssssssessssesnesrseseensareesaeassseeeseseseereseeneene 7
Temperature Of Product .......ssssssssscssssssersnssesssatesnsseessesssensseseseneeetenseess 7

Reporting Size

Quality and Condition
Trimming.
Clipping...
Development (Shape of Ears)
Filling of Cobs



been clipped, more than one-fourth but less than one-third of
the length of the cob has poorly developed or missing kernels
at the tip. When the ear has been clipped it shall have not
more than a slight amount of poorly developed kernels at the
tip of the cob. Missing or poorly developed kemels on other
parts of the ear shall not more than one and one-
fourth square inches (10.1 on a 00b 6 inches (152.4 mm)
in length, and a proportionally greater area shall be permitted
on a longer cob and a proportionally lesser area on a shorter
cob.

© Poorly filled means, on unclipped ears, that the edible
quality or appearance is affected to a greater extent than that of
an ear 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length which has one-third of
the cob at the tip end and an aggregate area 14 inches square
(44.5 cm2) on other portions of the ear with undeveloped
kemels or open spaces; and means, on clipped ears, that the
edible quality or appearance is affected to a greater extent than
that of an ear 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length which has one
inch (25.4 mm) at the tip end and an aggregate area 1%
inches square (14.5 cm2) on other portions of the ear with
undeveloped kernels or open spaces.

Classification of Defects
§ 51.844 Classification of defects.
Number of affected kemels allowed for the following
defects:

Mechanical, Bird}, Disease, and Indented Kernels.
Length of Serious
Cob Damage

3 inches

(76.2 mm)
to 6,inches
(152.4 mm) 4 6 8
more than
6 inches
(152.4 mm)
to 10 inches
(254.0) 8 12 16

more than

Injury _|_ Damage

Metric Conversion Table
§51.845 Metric conversion table.



15

N G >
45 aan a
| Hh m
t oa wag
5% a :
a
WELL, FILLED
(ou >
‘2 LY
‘ —
. FAIRLY WELL FILLED
é ‘ . zt" >
44) a
1 Ta. YE . a
: 3 er 4 a von} Hs )
é. 02 ¥
OG
et

MODERATELY FILLED



21

The U.S. Fancy, U.S. Fancy Husked, U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 Husked
grades require that the ears of sweet corn be free from injury caused by rust.

§51.843 Definitions..."Injury by rust rust when the aggregate area on the husk
exceeds one square inch (6.5 cm: 2), or when the rust extends deeper than
2 layers of husks.

Score as damage when materially detracting from the appearance, and as
serious damage against the U.S. No. 2 grade when it seriously detracts from the
appearance.

Decay (*)

Decay in corn usually occurs as a tannish to dark brown color of affected
portions of husks or kernels. It is usually accompanied by a thick and slightly sticky
slime. The tolerance for decay is 2%.

The portion of the ear most susceptible to decay is the silk. They may
become slimy or moldy under certain conditions. Ears having decayed silks shall
be scored against the 2% tolerance for decay.

In judging ears which have abnormal appearing silks, be very careful not to
confuse a wet condition with decay. Silks become watersoaked in hydrocooling and
from load icing. The brown, dead portions often have a soft, mushy texture. Silks
should be considered as affected by decay only when they are definitely slimy or
moldy and will disintegrate when pressed between the thumb and forefingers.

Silks that are moldy or slick and slimy should not be scored as defects,
unless accompanied by decay. However, if an applicant requests a percentage of
moldy and/or slick or slimy silks, report it as "not affecting grade, report at
applicant's request."

ee!

(10) Grade

Under this heading a statement shall be made showing whether or not the
lot(s) inspected meet the requirements of the grade being applied. Other
specifications for which the application was based and/or percentage of U.S. No. 1
quality shall also be reported here.


17

Badly wilted means that most of the husks on an ear lack succulence, are weak
and limp. The husks may be dry and papery.

Other Defects

Worms and Insects (* *)

§51.843 Definitions...”Insect or worm injury” means that insect or worm frass is present, or
there is visible evidence of insect or worm injury.

§51.843 Definitions..."Damage” by worm injury on unclipped ears when extending more
than 1% inches (38.1 mm) from the tip on an ear 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length
(proportionately greater or lesser amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears,
respectively), or when affecting the kernels on other parts of the ear or any worm injury
on clipped ears.

§51.843 Definitions... “Serious damage” by worm injury on unclipped ears when extending
more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) from the tip on an ear 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length
(proportionately greater or lesser amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears,
respectively), or when affecting more than 4 kernels on other parts of the cob, or any
worm injury on clipped ears extending more than one-fourth inch (6.4 mm) from the tip.

Worms, Insects and Insect or Worm Injury. Ears of sweet corn may be
attacked by several types of insects or worms. Generally the worms and/or insects
attack the tip end of the ear and burrow through the silks to the tip of the cob. It is
generally at the tip of the cob where they will begin to feed on the kernels. Insect or
worm injury pertains to the feeding, frass or other visible evidence left behind by the
worm and/or insect, but not the insect itself. The practice of clipping the cobs concerns
the removal of worm or insect injury. Scoring the presence of worms, insects and/or
worm or insect injury will depend upon the grade being applied to the load and/or lot of
sweet corn.

In the U.S. Fancy and U.S. Fancy Husked grades the standards states “free
from worms and free from insect or worm injury.” Therefore, any worms or insects
present must be scored as a defect against these grades. Also, all ears showing any
amount of insect or wormy injury must be scored as a defect against the total tolerance
for the grades.

The U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 Husked grades do not have any specific
guidelines in the standards as to how to score the presence of worms and/or insects.
Therefore, they will not be scored, but may be reported on the certificate as not affecting
grade, reported at applicant's request. Even though the presence of worms and/or
insects is not to be scored, a separate column should be kept on the notesheet in the
event that the applicant requests this factor to be reported.




12

Development (Shape of Ears)

§51.843 Definitions..."Well developed" means that the ears are fairly straight
and are not stunted. Nubbins are not well developed ears.

§51.843 Definitions..."Fairly well developed" means that the ears are not
stunted to the extent that the appearance is seriously affected.

The U.S. Fancy, U.S. Fancy Husked, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 1 Husked
grades require that the ears be well developed. This means that the ears must be
fairly straight and not stunted. Therefore, ears which are badly bent, crooked,
irregular shaped, stunted, or otherwise ill formed are scored as defects against the
total tolerances for the grade. This defect shall be reported as not well developed.

Sometimes ears have one or more undeveloped secondary cobs attached at
the base and usually enclosed in the outer layers of husks. Often these small cobs
have little or no effect on the shape of the entire ear. They come off easily with the
husks, and are not scored. However, unhusked ears that show bulging or on which
the secondary cobs cause spreading of the husk so as to expose the kernels on the
main cob shall be scored as not well developed.

The U.S. No. 2 grade requires ears to be fairly well developed, which
means that they are not stunted to the extent that the appearance is seriously
affected. Ears that are not fairly well developed shall be reported as poorly
developed. Poorly developed ears are considered serious damage against all
grades.

Filling of Cobs

Use the following terms to describe filling of cobs:

Well filled: This is not a requirement of any grade, but when used
means that the edible quality or appearance of an unclipped ear is not
affected to a greater extent than that of an ear 6 inches in length which
has % inch at the tip end with poorly developed kernels or open
spaces. When the ear has been clipped there shall be no poorly
developed or open spaces.

§51.843 Definitions..."Fairly well filled” means that the rows of kernels show
fairly uniform development, and that the appearance and quality of the edible
portion of the ear are not materially affected by poorly developed rows. When
the ear has not been clipped, not more than one-fourth of the length of the
cob may have poorly developed or missing kernels at the tip. When the ear
has been clipped, it shall have practically no poorly developed kernels at the
tip of the cob. Missing or poorly developed kernels on other parts of the ear


' (4) Count

§51.841 Requirement as to count...The number of ears of corn in any package
may be specified by count or in terms of dozens or half dozens. Variation
from the number specified shall be permitted as follows: Provided, That the
average for the lot is not less than the number specified nor more than two
ears greater than the number specified:

Specified number per Variation permitted in.

package: . individual packages:
1-10 ; 0
11-25 2 ears under count,

2 ears over count.

26 - 60 ears 3 ears under count
5 ears over count.

more than 60 ears 4 ears under count,
6 ears over count.

,

If count is marked on the container, in terms of number of ears or in terms of
dozens or half dozens, the inspector must determine whether the markings are
correct. If count is not marked on the container, no mention should be made of this
fact, unless requested to do so by the applicant.

To determine whether the markings are correct, the inspector must count the
entire contents of the package and record it on the notesheet. An appropriate
column heading would be "number of ears per package." This may be different from
the "number of ears per sample." Make sure a sufficient number of samples have
been examined to accurately determine whether the requirement as to count for
each load and/or lot has been met. The number of ears marked on the container
will determine which line to use in the table above. For example, if the container is
marked "1 dozen," go to the "specified number per package" column and use the
"41 - 25" line, giving a variation of "2 ears under count and 2 ears over count" per
individual package.

There are no tolerances for the number of packages that do not meet this
specification. Therefore, if any container in a lot does not meet the variation
permitted in individual packages, the lot fails to meet the requirements as to count.


(g) The length of each cob, clipped or unclipped, shall be
not less than 5 inches (127.0 mm), unless otherwise specified.

(h) For tolerances see § 51.840.

§51.838 U.S. No. 1, Husked.

"U.S. No. 1, Husked" consists of husked ears of sweet com
which meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade except
those pertaining to amount of covering, trimming, clipping
and length of cob, Sweet com of this grade shall be:

(@ Husked (any remaining husk must be fresh).

(©) Properly trimmed.

(© Each ear may be clipped but each clipped ear must be
well clipped.

@ The length of each cob clipped or unclipped, shall be not
less than 4 inches (101.6 mm), unless otherwise specified.

© For tolerances see § 51.840.

§ 51.839 U.S. No. 2.
"USS. No. 2" consists of ears of sweet com which meet the
following requirements:
@) Basic Requirements:
2) Similar varietal characteristics,
(2) Fairly well trimmed; and,
) Fairly well developed.
© Free from:
2) Smut, and,
(2) Decay.
(©) Free From Serious Damage Caused By:
(Birds,
(2) Worms;
) Other insects,

(© Other means. (See § 51.843)
@ Cobs shall be at east moderately filled with plump and
(© Each ear may be clipped, but each clipped ear shall be
properly clipped.

() The length of each cob, clipped or unclipped shall be not
Jess than 4 inches (101.6 mm), unless otherwise specified.

(2) For tolerances see § 51.840.

Tolerances
§51.840 Tolerances.
Tn order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and
handling, the following tolerances, by count, are.provided as
specified:

@) For defects. 10 percent in any lot for ears of com which
fail to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein
not more than 2 percent for decay.

©) For off-size. 5 percent in any lot for ears of com which
fail to meet the requirements as to length of cob.

Count
§ 51.841 Requirement as to count.

‘The number of ears of com in any package may be specified
by count or in terms of dozens or half dozens. Variation from
the number specified shall be permitted as follows: Provided,
‘That the average for the lot is not less than the number
specified nor more than two ears greater than the mumber

Variation permitted
in individual packages:
o
2 ears under count, 2 ears over count.
3 ears under count, $ ears over count.
4 cars under count, 6 ears over count.

Application of Tolerances
§ 51.842 Application of tolerances,

The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on
sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations:
Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the
tolerances specified:

(@) For packages which contain 10 specimens or more and a
tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided, individual
packages in any Jot may contain not more than one and one-
10 specimens or more and a tolerance of less than 10 percent
is provided, individual packages may contain not more than
double the tolerance specified except that at least one defective
and one off-size specimen may be permitted in any package;
and,

(b) For packages which contain less than 10 specimens,
individual packages in any lot may contain not more than
double the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective
and one off-size specimen may be permitted in any package:
Provided, That for packages which contain 5 specimens or
less, individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the
percentage of defects: And provided further, That not more
than one specimen which is affected by decay or otherwise
seriously damaged and one offsize specimen may be
permitted in any package.

Definitions
§ 51.843 Definitions.

@) Similar varietal characteristics means that the ears in
any package have similar kemel color and character of
growth. Ears of field com and sweet com, or ears having




1
(1) Sampling

Representative Sampling

Representative sampling is just as important as correct interpretation of
defects and other factors. Accurate determination of these factors is possible only if
the samples examined are truly representative of the entire lot or accessible portion.
All portions of a lot or load should receive the same attention in sampling regardless
of the difficulty involved in reaching the less accessible layers or parts of a load.

Size of Sample

The tolerances in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Corn are
determined on the basis of count. At least twenty-five (25) ears shall be examined
from containers that contain 25 ears or more. Whenever a load and/or lot is out of
grade because of defects exceeding the package tolerance, the entire contents of
those packages shall be examined. However, the entire contents shall be examined
in packages that contain less than 25 ears, regardless of quality or condition of the
load and/or lot. For example: Sweet corn in consumer type tray packages, which
are often packed within master containers, the individual consumer tray (whether it
contains 2 ears or 6 ears, etc.) would be the sample and recorded separately on the
notesheet.

In packages with 25 ears or more, the sample size may or may not be the
total contents of the package. If the sample size is not the entire contents of the
package, be sure to keep a separate column on the notesheet for "the number of
ears in each package" and “the number of ears in each sample."

When the sample sizes are not uniform, the percentages shall be determined
for each sample. To determine the average percentage for the lot, all percentages
must be totaled and divided by the number of samples examined.

Number of Samples

Due to potential variations in size, quality, condition, or all of these, no
definite rule can be provided as to a required number of samples. It is the
inspector's responsibility to examine enough samples to ensure an accurate picture
of the entire load and/or lot. However, for loads and/or lots containing less than
100 containers, a minimum of three samples shall be inspected. (Be sure to take a


sek

Revised, February 2007, HU-152-14(a),
Page iv, Sweet Corn, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, June 1994

iv
Covering.. .
Maturity ... 16
Freshness of Husk 16
Other Defects... 17-21
Worms and Insects . 17
Auxiliary Ears 18
Smut......... 18
Mechanical 19
Bird Injury, Damage, or Serious Damage .. 19
Indented Kernels. .20
Discoloration .20
Rust... .20
Decay
(10) Grade.....secessesssessessseessesseesssessseessessecssceueenssoerstsacenseeasensensersaneseaeeaeesnees 21
(14) REMALKS ....seesssssssssssssssssssessnesntescaesenearsnsseeseesecntsneassesesarseansesntneeneneesensees 22

Appendix | - U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Corn

Appendix II - Notesheet and Certificate Examples

tek


13

Revised, December 1995, HU-129-4(a)
Page 13, Sweet Com, Shipping Point and .
Market Inspection Instructions, June 1994

shall not aggregate more than one square inch (6.5 em?) on a cob 6 inches (152.4
mm) in length, and a proportionally greater area shall be permitted on a longer
cob and a proportionally lesser area on a shorter cob.

§51.843 Definitions..."Moderately filled" means that the rows of keels show fairly
uniform development, and that the appearance and quality of the edible portion of
the ear are not seriously affected by poorly developed rows. When the ear has not
been clipped, more than one-fourth but less than one-third of the length of the
cob has poorly developed or missing kernels at the tip. When the ear has been
clipped it shall have not more than a slight amount of poorly developed kemels at
the tip of the cob. Missing or poorly developed kernels on other parts of fhe ear
shall not aggregate more than one and one-fourth square inches (10.1 cm: 2) ona
cob 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length, and a proportionally greater area shall be
permitted on a fonger cob and a proportionally lesser area on a shorter cob.

§51.843 Definitions..."Poorly filled" means, on unclipped ears, that the edible
quality or appearance is affected to a greater extent than that of an ear
6 inches (152.4 mm) in length which has one-third of the cob at the tip end and
aggregate area 1% inches square (14.5 cm 2) on other portions of the ear with
undeveloped kernels or open spaces; and means, on clipped ears, that the edible
quality or appearance is affected to a greater extent than that of an ear
6 inches (152.4 mm) in length which has one, inch (25.4 mm) at the tip end and an
aggregate area 1% inches square (14.5 cm: 2) on other portions of the ear with
undeveloped kernels or open spaces.

The U.S. Fancy, U.S. Fancy Husked, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 1 Husked grades
require that the cobs be fairly well filled with plump and milky kernels. The U.S. No. 2
grade requires that the cobs be at least moderately filled with plump and milky
kernels.

wenn Ears that do not meet the requirements of fairly well filled, but meet the
fequirements of moderately filled will be considered defects of the U.S. Fancy,
U.S. Fancy Husked, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 1 Husked grades and reported as "not
fairly well filled.". They are scored against the total tolerance for the grade being
applied. Ears that do not meet the requirements of moderately filled are reported as
poorly filled. Poorly filled ears are considered serious damage against all grades. ata

The definitions of fairly well filled and moderately filled have separate guidelines
for the following: ears which are not clipped and have poorly developed or missing
kernels at the tip: ears that are clipped and have poorly developed or missing kernels
at the tip; and, missing or poorly developed kernels on other parts of the ear.

Ears that are not clipped having missing or poorly developed kernels both at the
tip of the cob, and on other parts of the cob shall have not more than what is allowable
on either portion of the cob. For example: on an unclipped cob 6 inches in length, in
order to meet the requirements of fairly well filled, could have not more


For packages with 10 specimens or more:

Total Defects 10% x 1-1/2 = 15%
including decay 2% x 25 4%
Off-size 5% x 2= 10%

Except that at least one defective and one off-size specimen may be
permitted in any package.

For packages with 6 to 9 specimens:
Double the tolerance specified

Except that at least one defective and one off-size specimen may be
permitted in any package.

For packages with 5 specimens or less:
Not restricted to percentage of defects

Except that not more than one specimen which is affected by decay or
otherwise seriously damaged and one off-size specimen may be.
permitted in any package.

In the above section from the standards there are a few terms that are
frequently mentioned. Packages, individual packages and specimen(s) are
defined as follows:

Specimen(s) means ear(s) of corn.

Individual packages mean one of the smallest containers that

constitute the load and/or lot. The containers may be cartons, crates,
oa sacks or in the case of consumer type packages within master

containers, the consumer package (i.e., film wrapped trays) would be
- the "individual package."

Packages mean all of the individual packages that constitute the load
and/or lot. The containers may be cartons, crates, sacks or consumer
packages (i.e., film wrapped trays) that are within master containers.


Mechanical

Mechanical refers to the crushing or breaking of kernels due to the
harvesting or packaging of the ears of corn. En route or at destination, if the
kernels are crushed and/or‘broken and appear dry and discolored, score and report
them as a quality defect. However, if the kernels are freshly crushed and/or
broken, with the milky substance leaking from the kernels, it shall be scored and
reported as a condition defect. The following table gives the number of kernels

allowed before scoring as injury, damage, or serious damage.

§51.844 Classification of defects.

Number of affected kernels allowed for the following defects:
Mechanical, Bird1, Disease, and Indented Kernels.

13 inches (330.2 mm)

Length of cob Injury Damage Serious
Damage
3 inches (76.2 mm)
to 6 inches 4 6 8
(152.4 mm)
more than 6 inches
(152.4 mm) to 8 12 16
10 inches (254.0 mm)
more than 10 inches
(254.0 mm) to 12 18 24

1 In scoring injury, if more than the number of kernels allowed above are discolored or punctured or if the
husks have been penetrated in more than 1 place; damage, if more than the number of kernels allowed above
are discolored or punctured or if the husks have been penetrated in more than 2 places; serious damage, if
more than the number of kernels allowed above are discolored or punctured or if the husks have been

penetrated in more than 3 places.

Bird Injury, Damage, or Serious Damage

Birds sometimes congregate on corn fields and inflict extensive damage to
ears of corn. Most of the damage occurs. at the tip of the cob. The bird-pecked
kernels are usually dry, discolored and detract from the appearance of the cob.

Use the table in the standards or see the mechanical section for scoring

injury, damage, or serious damage caused by birds.



United States

Agriculture

tetoting,
Service
Fruit and
Vegetable

Division

Sweet Corn

Shipping Point and
Market

Inspection Instructions



pestey Ladealed.
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=

EXPENSES :

es. TOTAL:

rll {a3_ a

‘REQUESTED BY:

aoe

Appendix I -vi


Revised, January 1995, HU-127-16(b)
Page 6, Sweet Corn, Shipping Point and
Market Inspection Instructions, June 1994

o

Some varieties show a mixture of white and yellow kemels on the same cob. If the entire
lot is of this type then it should be reported as “mixed colored kemels." Full yellow or white
ears are a defect of this lot. In order to distinguish between field com and sweet com the
inspector may have to taste the kemels. If the kemels have a “sweet" taste it is probably
sweet com. Field com may have dented kemels, and the taste is generally starchy. The
silks of field corn are generally a darker brown and the texture of the silks is coarser than
the silks of sweet com. The defect shall be reported as “dissimilar varietal
characteristics." :

Containers

Sweet Com is most commonly packed in wirebound crates, cartons, sacks, or film
wrapped consumer packages within master containers. The type of container shall always
be reported under this heading.

Distinguishing Marks

The brand, variety, size, count, point of origin and other important. information
appearing on the container should be reported on the notesheet in the “Brands/Marks"
section. Only the brand name and other pertinent information should appear in this section
on the certificate. If the containers bear no brand it shall be stated “No Brand." See the
General Inspection Instructions for more specific instructions.

State or Country of Origin

The inspector should not make a positive statement on his/her own authority, but
when container markings list the State or country of origin, it should be quoted in the
appropriate space on notesheets and certificates. This policy is necessary because some
firms may use one mark on the same product packed in two or three States. The inspector
can certify only to the marks and has no means of knowing what State or country the sweet
com is grown. !f packages are not marked or the sweet com is in bulk, refer to the General
inspection Instructions.

Quantity Inspected

The number of containers shall always be reported. The count of large lots certified
in a warehouse or on a platform may be reported on the authority of someone other than
the inspector. However, it is advisable in such instances for the inspector to make a rough
check to determine that a substantial number of the containers reported in the lot are
present.

Small lots (100 containers or less) that can be counted with accuracy shall be
reported on the inspector's authority as “inspector's count."

kkk


Teen

Revised, January 1995, HU-127-16(a)
Page 5, Sweet Com, Shipping Point and
Market Inspection Instructions, June 1994
5

Additionally, the average of all the packages in a load and/or lot must
average at least the number specified but not more than two ears greater than the
number specified. in the example used above, the average must be at least
1 dozen (12 ears per package) but not more than 14 ears per package to meet the
requirements as to count.

If the packages meet all the requirements stated above, report on the
certificate "Meets marked count" in the "OTHER" section on the market certificates
and “Description of Product" on the shipping point certificate. However, if the
packages fail to meet variations permitted in individual packages or fails to meet the
average, then report a range and an average. For example: (Packages marked
"4 dozen"), "Count ranges from 8 to 14, average 10 ears per carton, fails to meet
marked count." Finally, if count is not marked on the container, but requested by
the applicant, simply give a range and average, and under "REMARKS" state that
count was determined and reported at applicant's request.

(5) Products Inspected

The following information shall be given:

Commodity

Type of Container
Distinguishing Marks
State or Country of Origin
Quantity Inspected

Commodity

“Sweet CORN" shall be used to describe this commodity in the "PRODUCT"
heading. Type, such as "yellow kernels," "white kernels," or "mixed colored kemels"
may be used in conjunction with "Sweet CORN" or may be reported in the “Lot ID"
section on market notesheets and certificates.

The Inspection Service does not certify variety. When variety is in question,
the inspector should inform interested parties that only type may be certified. It may
also be pointed out that when type is a factor in a load and/or lot of sweet corn,
such as white kemels of corn in a lot of yellow kernels of corn, or ears of field corn
in the sweet com lot, it will be considered a defect. As a guide, corn showing a
mixture of white and yellow kernels on the same ear should be scored as a quality
defect if the appearance is more than slightly affected to the extent that more than
12 white kernels appear on a 6 inch cob of yellow corn or the same for yellow
kernels on a white variety and greater or lesser amounts on larger or smaller ears.


_
- -
Us. ooPaRTMONT OF acrICULTURE Cramp ~ of
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING StHUACE

FRUIT ANO VEGETABLE ONISION s-

FEDERAL-STATE INSPECTION CERTIFICATE

©) sustor
© 47 {ay 17413 [oye oye He zs
CAVAEXVERZES PXESWITR fa)
_ ‘GIT STATE:
‘Pioneer. “Ene * Bainbridge GA
STORE ora:
rome Sane. 0.0. ¥ 5143
FARCERO= Lot jaspec haw RE —_—— NOTESHEET NOs

Swee T SO No Brand eorex
CORN Cartons

807, U.5.\No ft
mired colored | 1.04 euskel Genecally 5 to ¥ inches ia Gagth, mostly quality

Kernel type. bate 7 fe icches in length, Auevage U7.
: undersize

Geade defeats range 16 f 251, average
Ath, sneluding 7. Serious damage, Cons1stteg
of moduattly filled te poorly fjHed smuf-
mia here, cad arf nil developed!

No deeay ,
I

"Tnspeetion based on appiotimate by 804,
U.S. Ned quality at epplicants cequest,

SATE ISSUED"

Appendix It -


United States Standards for Grades of Sweet Corn!
7CFR51

Grades

51.835 U.S. Fancy.
51.836 U.S. Fancy, Husked.
51.837 US. No. 1.
51.838 U.S. No. 1, Husked.
51.839 U.S. No. 2.

Tolerances
51.840 Tolerances.

Count
51.841 _ Requirement as to count.

- Application of Tolerances
51.842 Application of tolerances.

Definitions
51.843 Definitions.

Classification of Defects
51.844 Classification of defects.

Metric Conversion Table
51.845 : Metric conversion table.

Authority: Secs. 203, 205, 60 Stat 1087 as amended, 1090 as
amended; 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624, unless otherwise noted.

Grades
§51.835 U.S. Fancy.
"U.S. Fancy" consists of ears of sweet com which meet the
following requirements:
@ Basic Requirements:
() Similar varietal characteristics,
(2) Well trimmed; and,
3) Well developed.
(©) Free From:
1) Smut;
Q) Worms,
(3) Insect or worm injury, and,
(4) Decay.

(© Free From Injury Caused By:
(1) Rust,

@ Cobs shall be fairly well filled with plump and milky
kemels and well covered with fresh husks.

© Ears shall not be clipped.

® The length of each cob shalll be not less than 6 inches
(152.4mm).

(g) For tolerances see § 51.840.

§ 51.836 U.S. Fancy, Husked.

"U.S. Fancy, Husked" consists of husked ears of sweet com
which meet the requirements of the U.S. Fancy grade xcept
those pertaining to amount of covering, trimming, clipping
and length of cob. Sweet com of this grade shall be:

(@) Husked (any remaining husk must be fresh).

(©) Property trimmed. .

(© Each ear may be clipped but each clipped ear must be
well clipped.

(@ The length of each cob clipped or unclipped, shall be not
less than 5 inches (127.0 mm), unless otherwise specified.

© For tolerances see § 51.840.

§ 51.837 U.S. No.1.

“US. No. I" consists of ears of sweet com which meet the
following requirements:

(@) Basic Requirements:
() Similar varietal characteristics;
(2) Well trimmed; and,
G) Well developed.

(©) Free From:
1) Smut; and,
Q) Decay.

(© Free From Injury Caused By:
(1) Rust.

@ Free From Damage Caused By:
(1) Discoloration;
Birds,
G) Worms,
(4) Other insects,
S) Disease,
(© Mechanical; and,
(7) Other means, (See § 51.843)

(© Cobs shall be fairly well filled with plump and milky
kernels and fairly well covered with fresh husks.

(®) Each ear may be clipped, but each clipped ear shall be
properly clipped.


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Appendix {l- vii


United States

zaxx" United States

= Standards for
Grades of
Sweet Corn

Effective February 12, 1992

This publication may be duplicated without authorization from USDA.



sufficient number of samples from various parts of the load and/or lot of
consumer packages.)

(2) Tolerances

§51.840 Tolerances...In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading
and handling, the following tolerances, by count, are provided as specified:

(a) For defects. 10 percent in any lot for ears of corn, which fail to meet the
requirements of the grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for
decay.

(b) For off-size. 5 percent in any lot for ears of corn which fail to meet the
requirements as to length of cob.

Total Defects, 10%
including decay 2%
Off-size 5%

(3) Application of Tolerances

§51.842 Application of tolerances...The contents of individual packages in the
lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the following limitations:
Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances
specified:

(a) For packages which contain 10 specimens or more and a tolerance of 10
percent or more is provided, individual packages in any lot may contain not
more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified. For packages
which contain 10 specimens or more and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is
provided, individual packages may contain not more than double the
tolerance specified except that at least one defective and one off-size
specimen may be permitted in any package; and,

(b) For packages which contain less than 10 specimens, individual packages
in any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance specified, except
that at least one defective and one off-size specimen may be permitted in any
package: Provided, That for packages which contain 5 specimens or less,
individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of
defects: And provided further, That not more than one specimen which is
affected by decay or otherwise seriously damaged and one off-size specimen
may be permitted in any package.


pret’

“46

Cobs.]

Revised, April 1995, HU-128-12(a)
Page '16, Sweet Com, Shipping Point and
. Market Inspection Instructions, June 1994

‘Maturity (>)

The maturity or age of kemels should be determined by pressing the kemels, about
4/3 the distance from the shank end to the tip of the cob, with sufficient force with the
thumb nail to break the kemel(s). By observing the consistency of the kemel(s), the
following definitions will assist you in determining the maturity of the ear.

951.843 Definitions..."Plump and milky" means that the kernels are well
developed and the contents have a milky, creamy, or clear jelly-tike
consistency.

Immature means that the kemels are small, watery, or lack plumpness and are of
very little value for eating purposes. Score this defect as serious damage in all grades,
and as a quality factor en route or at destination when the entire cob is affected. If it is
only a few kemels or a portion thereof, use the definitions of filling of the cobs for the
appropriate grades to determine if the cob is to be scored. [See section on Filling of

Overmature means that the kemels are tough and contain very little juice; the
contents are mealy, of a thick creamy or starchy consistency; or are too hard or tough for
table use. Score this defect as serious damage in all grades, and as a condition factor en
route or at destination when the entire cob is affected. If it is only a few kemels or a
portion thereof, use the definitions of filling of the cobs for the appropriate grades to
determine if the cob is to be scored. [See section of Filling of Cobs.]

Freshness of Husk (*)

§51.843 Definitions..."Fresh" means that the husks have fairly good green
color and are not badly wilted.

There are two requirements in the definition of "fresh," (1) husks must not be badly
wilted and (2) husks have fairly good green color. Husks may be badly wilted and still
have fairly good green color; also, husks may be yellow in color and not be badly wilted.
Therefore, it is necessary to report freshness and color separately on the notesheet.
However, if the ear is either badly wilted or not fairly good green color, it will be considered
a defect and scored against the total tolerance for the grade. (Both requirements must be
met.) ‘

Terms used to describe color are as follows: good green, dark green, green, and
light green (considered fairly good green color); turning yellow, yellow, tuming brown, and
brown (considered NOT fairly good green color and scored as a defect). .

Terms used to describe the stages of wilting are as follows: fresh, slightly wilted,
and wilted (considered not badly wilted); badly wilted (considered a defect).


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"Appendix Hl - xiii


22

(11) Remarks

Under this heading any explanatory or qualifying statements that are
necessary to complete the certificate should be made. They may include one or
more of the following:

Restrictions to load, size, or weight.

Information supplied by the applicant such as, carrier number,
lot number, designations, etc.

Cross reference to another certificate number such as in
re-inspections, appeals, etc.

Contract specifications.

Factors not affecting grade reported at applicant's request.


HUSKS

KERNELS

SHANK

BLADE - flat expanded part of the husk.

COB - that portion of ear that contains kernels.

EAR - the entire portion consisting of shank, cob, husks, and silks.

HUSKS - that portion of the ear that acts as.a protective covering for the
kernels.

KERNELS - the portion of the cob that is used for human consumption.

SHANK - the extended portion attaching the cob to the stalk and holding the
husks in a protective position.

SILKS - thread-like emissions on the tip end of the cob.


n 1.9.3

be Exampce * 1
Carrier No. Stated by >
Applicant : z en
Aetonat tot 1O.: o.7l; oles 2, F: 2,0 Ala
Inspection Completed:
[Canter Type / Name = mmoddoyy ‘Hour Min, AIP
e,7lrolaslla7:o.ol[4 lu
Fetgeration Veit: Bore: APPLICANT:
Ole er | roar) Pe

Condition of Carer:

—_—

Anywhere, ME

SHIPPER: V

1 Ste Ree Irean tS Wave house.

Pompano Beath, FL

lA:

BRANDS / MARKS: ; w, 7

Yao] Yella Kerneled! Sweet CORM in wiee bow
lavates fabeled “Honey,

Express, Pampans

Mitek colracd fer nthe of Swroet CORN ia consumer

‘eat package 7 - P ean
res: 1AMAD ae! y

é re) fone 0 lhe einktaintis pristed “Sweet Co

¢ hoz. Sute{ CORN
Beech, Fl, Chee of USA.“

“Sweet Coan Express, U.S.Me.l Husted
Froduce|

en,

c printed

u

Condition of Load & Containers =
‘STACKED ON PALLETS AT ABOVE LOCATION

(_) INFAOT-THROUGHTOAD__(_] PARTLY UNLOADED

\

\

N

_

FORM FV. 300-N (3-93)

Appendix ll - v


SO}JEDIJILIOD pue SJOoYyS9}ON
Jo4JeIN


in order to determine whether an ear of corn has any defects affecting the
kernels, it may be necessary to remove part or all of the husk.

The requirements for the U.S. Fancy and the U.S. Fancy Husked grades are
the same, except as to the amount of covering, clipping, trimming, and length of
cob. This is also true for the U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 Husked grades.

Leen ee eel

Trimming

Trimming pertains to the appearance of the ear as it relates to the loose
husks, silks and/or length of shank. Also, keep in mind this is one of the differences
between the Husked grades and the non-Husked grades.

§51.843 Definitions..."Well trimmed" means that the ears are practically free
from loose husks and that the shank shall be not more than 6 inches
(152.4 mm) in length and not extend more than one inch (25.4 mm) beyond the
point of attachment of the outside husk.

§51.843 Definitions..."Fairly well trimmed" means that the appearance of the
individual ear of corn is not seriously affected by loose husks and that the
shank shall not be more than 6 inches (152.4 mm) in length and not extend
more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) beyond the point of attachment of the outside
husk.

§51.843 Definitions..."Properly trimmed” means that the ear is not damaged by
loose husks and silks and that the shank shall not extend more than 1 inch
(25.4 mm) from the cob, when present.

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require that the ears be well
trimmed. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires that the ears be fairly well trimmed. If
the ears do not meet the requirements of well trimmed, but meet the requirements of
fairly well trimmed, they are considered fairly well trimmed. Fairly well trimmed is
a defect of the U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades and scored against the total
tolerance for either grade. If the ears do not meet the requirements of fairly well
trimmed, they are poorly trimmed. Poorly trimmed ears are considered serious
damage and scored against the U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 2 grades.

The U.S. Fancy Husked and U.S. No. 1 Husked grades require that the ears
be properly trimmed. If the ears do not meet the requirements of properly trimmed
they are poorly trimmed. Poorly trimmed ears are considered defects and will be
scored against the total tolerance for either grade. They are not scored as serious
damage against the U.S. Fancy Husked or the U.S. No. 1 Husked grades.


11

PROPERLY CLIPPED

WELL CLIPPED


»

Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions for
Sweet Corn

These inspection instructions are specifically developed and designed by the
Fresh Products Branch to assist officially licensed inspectors in the interpretation
and application of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Sweet Corn, 7 CFR Section
51.835.

These instructions do not establish any substantial rule not legally authorized
by the official grade standards. This publication supersedes any previously issued
inspection instructions.

Any portion of these instructions beginning with a section number such as
§51.—- and followed by bold print are sections or portions of sections copied
directly from U.S. standards.

Refer to General Inspection Instructions for additional information pertaining
to date, inspection point, carrier, condition of carrier, lading, etc. not covered in
these instructions. (Reference to "General Inspection Instructions" in all Fresh
Products Branch publications refers to any one or all of the following -- General
Shipping Point Inspection Instructions, General Market Inspection Instructions, or
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Certificate Writing Handbooks.)

June 1994

This replaces instructions dated January 1974

This publication may be duplicated without authorization from USDA.

REPRINTED MARCH 2009




20

indented Kernels (*)

Indented means any depression that is below the natural curvature of the
kernel excluding those kernels on the tip of the cob covered under the definition of
fairly well filled.

The cause of kernels indenting has not been determined. However, several

have thought it to be a sign of overmaturity. Sometimes indented kernels may be

~ associated with overmaturity when the ears are tough and dry. If ears of corn that

have indented kernels are also overmature, then score the ear as overmature. If

ears are not overmature, but have indented kernels, then use the table in the

standards or see the mechanical section for scoring as injury, damage, or serious
damage.

Discoloration (* *)

Discoloration means that which affects the husks or blades due to frost,
sprayburn or other similar types of discoloration.

§51.843 Definitions..."Injury by discoloration" discoloration caused by frost or
sprayburn, or similar types of discoloration when affecting an aggregate area
of more than 3 square inches (58.1 cm: 2) on the husk, or when exceeding an
aggregate area of 25 percent of the surface of all blades.

§51.843 Definitions..."Damage" discoloration caused by frost or sprayburn, or
similar types of discoloration when affecting an aggregate area of more than 5
square inches (161.3 cm: 2) on the husk, or when exceeding an aggregate area
of 50 percent of the surface of all blades.

Score as serious damage when the discoloration seriously detracts from the
appearance of the ear.

If the discoloration is of a type that may increase or occur during transit, treat
as a condition factor en route or at destination.

Rust (*)

Rust usually appears as oval to elongated small blisters or pimples, which
are of a cinnamon brown color affecting the husk. When the blisters or pimples
rupture they release red or black spores, which causes the rust to affect the husks
of ears of sweet corn several layers deep.




ICartior No, Stated by :

et

Examece *2

[C2 STACKED ON PALE!

Additional Lot {D.:
f.0. “oo;

ae Be
2.610.319,3 ll s.0: 10H alm
inspection Completed:

[Cantor Type 7 Name =

Meehan ical “Refrigerate

mmidd yy Hour Min, = AIP

bolo lasllis & ASA |e
APPLICANT:

[Refrigeration Unit Doors:

(Show (I ore | OL oven
Condition of Canter:

|e 3 inches of fop ree
phrougheut load,

inspection Sto: A an frcants Dock.

Somewhere, CA

A iioee t CORN [oranoss Manis: ;
anen Pca 1 white Kerneld Sweet CORN “fp Brand”
eo Q, | stamped “Ades. .

34'- 43" F : gy 106
Bb: Yellow Kerneled Seveet Co ON a bonsumer package
aioe, CekN w|peia ted "5 1 Coen, W Faners Husked 4 cars

Best Coen, Semeohex, CA, Pre
“1 master Centans
7,

of uSA “in *
s tamad “pole pack, Croduse of

[Condition of Load & Containers :
TS AT ABOVE LOCATION

(.) PARTLY UNLOADED

ow INTACT THROUGH LOAD

10 vows Sfagees . Enspeated

during promss of unloading.
+

FORM FV-300-N (5-83)

Appendix I - viii


white color kemels, yellow color kemels and mixed color
kernels of com, shall not be mixed.

, © Well trimmed means that the ears are practically free
from loose husks and that the shank shall be not more than 6
inches (152.4 mm) in length and not extend more than one
inch (25.4 mm) beyond the point of attachment of the outside
husk,

(© Well developed means than the ears are fairly straight
and are not stunted. Nubbins are not well developed ears.

@ Insect or worm injury means that insect or worm frass is
present, or there is visible evidenoe of insect or worm injury.

© Injury means any defect listed in §51.844 or any defect
which more than slightly affects the appearance, or the edible
ot shipping quality of the ear: Any one of the following
defects, or any combination of defects, the seriousness of
which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall
be considered as injury: ,

(1) Rust when the area on the husk exceeds
‘one square inch (6.5 cm?) or when the rust extends deeper
than 2 layers of husks, and,

@) Discoloration caused by frost or spraybum, or similar
types of discoloration when ing an aggregate area of
more than 3 square inches (58.1 cm“) on the husk, or when
exceeding an aggregate area of 25 percent of the surface of all
blades.

© Fairly well filled means that the rows of kernels show
fairly uniform development, and that the appearance and
’ quality of the edible portion of the ear are not materially
affected by poorly developed rows: When the ear has not been
lipped, not more than one-fourth of the length of the cob may
have poorly developed or missing kernels at the tip. When the
ear has been clipped, it shall have practically no poorly
developed kernels at the tip of the cob. Missing or poorly
developed kemels on other parts of the ear shall not aggregate

more than one square inch (6.5 cm2) on a cob 6 inches (152.4
~ mm) in length, and a proportionally greater area shall be
permitted on a longer cob and a proportionally lesser area on a
shorter cob.

(g) Plump and milky means that the kemels are well
developed and the contents have a milky, creamy, or clear

(h) Well covered means that the husk enclosing the ear is
tight and undisturbed, except that a slight opening may have
been made at the tip: Provided, That the disturbed part has
been properly replaced so that the appearance of the ear is not
more than slightly affected.

(@ Fresh means that the hinsks have fairly good green color
and are not badly wilted.

( Husked means that on the full length of the cob the
equivalent of at least 3 rows of keels are exposed up to the
entire cob.

(&) Well clipped means that one or both ends of the cob, or
one or both ends of the cob and husk have been neatly
removed approximately at a right angle to the longitudinal
axis.

@ Properly trimmed means that the ear is not damaged by
loose husks and silks and that the shank shall not extend more
than 1] inch (25.4 mm) from the cob, when present.

(m) Damage means any defect listed in §51.844 or any
defect which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or
shipping quality of the ear. Any one of the following defects,
or any combination of defects, the seriousness of which
exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be
considered as damage:

(2) Discoloration caused by frost or spraybur, or similar
types of discoloration when fing an aggregate area of
more than 5 square inches (161.3 cm“) on the husk, or when
exceeding an aggregate area of 50 percent of the surface of all
blades, and,

(2) Worm injury on unclipped ears when extending more
than 1% inches (38.1 mm) from the tip on an ear 6 inches
(152.4 mm) in length (proportionately greater or lesser
amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears, respectively), or
when affecting the kemels on other parts of the ear or any
‘worm injury on clipped ears.

(a) Fairly well covered means that the husk enclosing the
ear is fairly tight and undisturbed except that an opening may
have been made at the tip: Provided, That the disturbed part
has been properly replaced so that the appearance of the ear is
not materially affected.

© Properly clipped means that the tip end of the cob, or
the tip end of the cob and husk have been neatly removed
approximately at a right angle to the longitudinal axis.

©®) Fairly well trimmed means that the appearance of the
individual ear of com is not seriously affected by loose husks
and that the shank shall not be more than 6 inches (152.4
mm) in length and not extend more than 2 inches (50.8 mm)
beyond the point of attachment of the outside husk.

@ Fairly well developed means that the ears are not
‘stunted to the extent that the appearance is seriously affected.

(®) Serious damage means any defect listed in §51.844 or
any defect which seriously affects the appearance, or the edible
or shipping quality of the ear. The following defects or
combinations of defects, the seriousness of which exceeds the
maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as
serious damage:

(1) Worm injury on unclipped ears when extending more
than 2 inches (50.8 mm) from the tip on an ear 6 inches
(152.4 mm) in length (proportionately greater or lesser
amounts permitted on longer or shorter ears, respectively), or
when affecting more than 4 kemels on other parts of the cob,
or any worm injury on clipped ears extending more than one-
fourth inch (6.4 mm) from the tip.

(8) Moderately filled means that the rows of kemels show
fairly uniform development, and that the appearance and
quality of the edible portion of the ear are not seriously affected
by poorly developed rows. When the ear has not


DO Y Min. U.S. DEPARTWENT OF AGRICULTURE
mea (oifzaia lr} Seeman es
Se ee Ge ae seer ao Neer Oman
comers. (017 R1/ 1713 | log: 210 |[7 lm] FEDERAL -STATE INSPECTION NOTESHEET
Gama J OSTA Pu
ioneR Tne Ba ‘abridge. GA —— 7
foe Same. C.0." 5/23
COMVEYANCE NO: hot _inspechon, TYPE: —_ CERTRCATE NO: Exe male *F
PSMeeT Coen wkd dor kernal Dype, No Beard. (27.6:
DEFECTS: ‘SE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
~~ ANCLUDING poomon wm. w Tl ya ¥
¢ femesfems) “Somes” | st | — | eae ISE
SS a i aes iS Rn 5
Pan & hed wosny | omer = | 8 soeahd | E/E
gl2 g i RYE sIS] 8/3
EAE g 3 ENR
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ef [1a \ [lo me | tm lobe el A vlv[Ul A
PARCEGAARA Wd | Sm |p |8 niaka PAPARZ
sa\\ a o Me TPF, EM | 5 bry aol le [vl
5411315 o iio iad Po 98 s4 Mel [vv
551101471 \lo Me fee faa Pia
J 4 Z IA
(aii? Meee All 7 Pt
Mvkd =| Welt wks! ede
ZmM =| Imm (2
mt =| mibderbelely F ited!
(1) ae Mh
INSPECTOR'S’ SIGNATURE: Gb~ jonas ; DATE: 2/214 3

FV 184-13 (2784)

Appendix II - iii


Appendix |

U.S. Standards



aS

(6) Condition of Pack

When sweet com is packed in sacks or film wrapped trays, the "pack"
heading should be crossed out. When sweet corn is packed in crates or cartons,
the following terms shall be used to describe pack on the notesheet: :

Very Tight: This means that the pack is too tight and too much bulge
resulting in bruising of the ears in layers next to the cover or bottom.

Tight: This is the desirable condition of pack and means that the package is
filled sufficiently to prevent any movement of the product within the package and it
has the proper bulge without causing bruised kernels. :

Fairly Tight: This means that the ears are in contact with the lid and
practically no movement of the ears within the package, but no bulge is present.

Slack: This term is used when the package is not full and there is free
movement of the product within the package. This term should be qualified in terms
of inches or half inches below the lid.

If crushed ice is in or on the container, it should be mentioned on the
notesheet. Finally, when requested to certify as to specified or marked net weight
on both stationary lot sampling or on-line sampling, the procedures as described in
the General Inspection Instructions must.be followed.

(7) Temperature of Product

At shipping point, temperatures are not normally determined or reported.
However, due to the importance of pulp temperature of fresh fruits and vegetables,
in transit or at destination, it is essential that the inspector accurately read and
report the temperature or range in temperatures on each lot. Pulp temperature
should be reported regardless of the location of the product, whether in the carrier,
warehouse, or stacked on the platform. A minimum of three temperatures should be
recorded on the notesheet. More temperatures shall be taken if the lot is
abnormally cold, heated, or there is a specific request for temperature.

Refer to the General Inspection Instructions for information not covered in
this section.


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TRAVEL Tine: = FSsisTeD BV:

EXPENSES : = ao ee
Est. TOTAL: _

Appendix Il -ix

“US. Goverment Pretng Once: 1959 -— 78-18


Nox
a Examece *Z
[Carrier No. Stated by : a
pecdonat tor 18. F oislaisl7.3 ot ovo P {al
Sanlar Tye TWane? mm iddi yy Hour Min, AIP
———— a slasigisileia: colle [mu
Retigeration Unit a APPLICANT:

Ou

; VX YN NO ones PRemium Fhoduee.

Heee, NY

inspection Ste :
a Aoplicant | Ss (avehouse|

‘Some late, GR

BRANDS / MARKS:

us.

cagn| Mired colorck Kernel “Va Brand“
4 stamped “US Fanegy, * Yee. eg

QO

iifon_of Load & Containers
() STACKED ON PALLETS "AT ABOVE LOCATION

() INTACT Tunoush Loan (_) PARTLY UNLOADED

FORM FV-300-N (3-93)

Appendix Il - xi


10

Clipping

Clipping generally refers to the practice of removing worm injury, by cutting or
snipping off the end of the ear. The U.S. Fancy grade states “ears shall not be
clipped." Therefore, any clipped ears found in a load and/or lot of U.S. Fancy sweet
corn shall be considered a defect and scored against the total tolerance for the
grade.

§51.843 Definitions..."Properly clipped” means that the tip end of the cob, or
the tip end of the cob and husk have been neatly removed approximately at a
right angle to the longitudinal axis.

§51.843 Definitions..."Well clipped" means that one or both ends of the cob, or
one or both ends of the cob and husk have been neatly removed
approximately at a right angle to the tongitudinal axis.

The U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 grades allow the ears to be clipped, but each
clipped ear shall be properly clipped. Properly clipped means that the tip end of
the cob, or the tip end of the cob and husk may be removed. Therefore, if both
ends or the shank end is clipped it is not properly clipped. Ears that are not

properly clipped shall be considered poorly clipped, a defect scored against the
total tolerance for the grade.

The U.S. Fancy Husked and the U.S. No. 1 Husked grades allow the ears to
be clipped, but each clipped ear must be well clipped. Well clipped means that
one or both ends of the cob, ‘or both ends of the cob or husk may be removed.
Therefore, both ends of the cob may be clipped and not be considered a defect.
However, if the ear has a jagged cut or not cut approximately at a right angle, it
shall be considered not well clipped. Ears that are not well clipped shall be
considered poorly clipped, a defect scored against the total tolerance for either
grade.

(See illustrations on following page.)