### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

G-1 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570 

## APPENDIX G

HEALTH BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR

REVISED PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO

RULE 4570 (CONFINED ANIMAL FACILITIES)

(Abbreviated Version)

October 21, 2010

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

G-2 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570 

### This page intentionally blank.

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Anal ysis Oc tober 21, 2010



# Health Benefit Analysis

for the Confined Animal Facilities Rule

David Lighthall, Ph.D.

Health Science Advisor

Contributors:



# S AN 

# J OAQUIN 

# V ALLEY 

# A IR 

# P OLLUTION 

# C ONTROL 

# D ISTRICT

October 21, 2010

G - 3 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

Introduction

Prior to 2004, state law precluded local ai r districts in California from permitting

agricultural sources. With the enactment in 2003 of Senate Bill 700, however, this

exemption was lifted on January 1, 2004. Calif ornia air districts are required to adopt

regulations to reduce ozone precursors from confined animal facilities (CAFs). The

District adopted its first confined animal facility rule, Rule 4570, at a public hearing held

on June 15, 2006. Prior to and during the rule adoption hearing, the District considered

(1) the feasibility of the c ontrol measures contained in Rule 4570, (2) the economic

impacts associated with the rule, (3) reduction s in ozone pre-cursors that would result

from compliance with the rule, and (4) the public healt h impacts of ozone and ozone

precursors. As is normally the case under Clean Air Act (CCA) rulemaking, the District

did not consolidate this information into a specific discussion of the rule’s impact on

public health in 2006. However, because Rule 4570 was triggered by the enactment in

2003 of Senate Bill 700 (codified under California Health and Safety Code section

40724.6(e)), the California Fifth Appellate District ruled that rulemaking under this

statute must explicitly consi der the public health impacts of control measures on CAFs.

These benefits were to be balanced against t he economic impacts of the proposed rule

and its feasibility.

In response to this ruling, the District, in conjunction with a temporary suspension and

readoption of Rule 4570, conduct ed a health benefit analysis of the 2007 Ozone Plan in

2009 that included (1) the contribution of the CAF sector to ozone concentrations in the

San Joaquin Valley

, (2) Rule 4570’s contribution to regional ozone reductions in 2012

and 2020

, and (3) a quantification of cumulative health benefits in 2020 resulting from

the 2007 Ozone Plan

. 1 

### The 2009 health benefit anal ysis quantified the distinct

contribution to VOC reductions made by the original rule (4570 v1) as well as the

additional reductions accruing from the current proposed amendment (4570 v2).

This rule project is not subject to SB 700, [Florez, 2003] and an explicit analysis of

health benefits from the proposed amendment is not required. The purpose of this rule

project is to meet a control strategy commitment in the District’s 2007 Ozone Plan

(Control Measure S-AGR-2). Ho wever, because of the relevanc e to the rule project of

the previous health benefit analysis and the similarity in the VOC reductions estimated

in the 2009 analysis to the reduction esti mate from the propos ed amendments of 31.8

tons per day of VOC, an abbrev iated reiteration of the health benefit analysis is helpful.

Ozone Contribution from the CAF Source Category

According to the emission inventory used in the 2007 Ozone Plan , confined animal

facilities in 2005 contributed 57.6 tons per day, and the total VOC inventory for 2005

was 398.6 tons per day. Thus, in 2005, confi ned animal facilities accounted for 14% of

the total VOC emissions for the San Joaquin Valley.

1 This report contains considerably more background information and is available at:

( http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/age nda_minutes/Agenda/2009/June/Agenda%20Item_10_J

une_18_2009.pdf



### G - 4 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

In order to estimate the impact of this se ctor’s VOC emissions on Valley ozone levels

and, by extension, public health, the results of CARB ’s 2012 and 2020 ozone modeling

for the 2007 Ozone Plan was employed. Ozone models are based on experimentally

simulated NOx and VOC reactions in a range of environmental conditions related to

heat, sunlight energy, and air dispersion. From these modeled reactions, it is possible

to make reasonable predictions about ozone concentrations under alternative scenarios

involving different combinat ions of emission loads and w eather conditions. Because

ozone formation in the Valley takes place over a relatively large area in a given day, a

key variable in this process involves a geogr aphically accurate specification of NOx and

VOC emission concentrations from various source categories.

Table 1 summarizes the contribution that CA F emissions make by 2012 to ozone design

values at all Valley monitoring sites, wit h a range of 1.6 to 2.8 ppb. While these

concentrations appear small in absolute terms, they nonetheless make a considerable

contribution to ozone design value ex ceedances beyond the 74 ppb standard.

Impact of VOC Reductions from Rule 4570 on Ozone Concentrations

and Public Health

The health benefit analysis presented bel ow was completed in May 2009 and was

based on the following assumptions:

1. According to the 2007 Ozone Plan , Rule 4570 v1 was estimated to achieve

approximately 9 tons per day of VOC r eductions by 2009, 20 tons per day by

2012, and 24 tons per day by 2020. These va lues represent a significant portion

of the District’s overall VOC control strategy.

2. In addition, a second generation CAF control measure, Rule 4570 v2, was

scheduled to reduce an additional 6.7 tons per day by 2012 and 21.5 tons per

day by 2020.

3. Rule 4570 (v1 and v2) comprised 63% of the VOC reductions that were included

in the District’s 8-hour ozone attainm ent strategy (see also Figure 1).

However, as detailed in Appendix B above, Rule 4570 v2 as currently proposed will

achieve 27.6 tpd of VOC reductions by 2023. In addition, the proposed rule is

scheduled to achieve approximately 22 t pd reductions by 2012, well ahead of the

schedule anticipated in the 2007 Ozone Plan . As a result, the net VOC reductions

anticipated under the proposed co ntrol measures are esti mated to be proportionally

higher, as are the corresponding reductions in ozone concentrations and concomitant

health effects estimates. It is also important to note, however, that the net difference in

VOC reductions between the two rule estimates is small in percentage terms, relative to

(1) the overall VOC inventory, (2) the a ttenuated impact on ozone concentrations that

result from Valley VOC r eductions, and (3) the relative sensitivity of the ozone and

BenMAP models employed in the analysis. In light of these potential sources of

variability in the outcomes of any health ben efit estimation using these tools and data

sources, the outcome of the 2009 analysis is unlikely to significantly differ from one

based on the 2010 estimate of VOC reductions.

G - 5 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

Using the 2012 CARB ozone model results, it is possible to estimate ozone reductions

attributable to Rule 4570 (v1 and v2) in relation to other 2007 Ozone Plan control

measures. The ozone reduc tion benefits from Rule 4570 are depicted in Figure 1 for

Valley monitoring sites. As seen in Table 2, Rule 4570 (v1 and v2) also makes a

noticeable contribution to the long-term ozone attainment goals for the region,

culminating with a planned attainment date of 2023 for the 1997 ozone NAAQS. This

relative contribution from the rule across Va lley monitoring sites in 2012 ranges from 5%

to 35%. To conclude, these modeling resu lts underscore the relative importance of

Rule 4570 to the District’s contri bution to regional ozone reductions.

Assessing the Health Benefits from the 2007 Ozone Plan

This section of the report pr esents the empirical results of the District’s 2009 estimation

of the health benefits from its 2007 Ozone Plan . As discussed above, the Plan included

Rule 4570 v1 and v2 as integral to its over all VOC controls. Many different source

categories make a cumulative contribution to regional ozone concentrations, resulting in

a comparable number of NOx and VOC contro l measures. As a result, there are

inherent scientific limitations to accurately assess an individual rule’s contribution to

ozone reductions. This is the case for Rule 4570 despite the fact t hat the rule makes a

significant contribution to ov erall VOC reductions. For similar reasons, estimating the

health benefits of a single ozone contro l measure would not be an appropriate

application of the EPA’ s BenMAP model for quantifying the health benefits of improved

air quality. However, the model is well-suit ed for estimating the overall health benefits

of the substantial ozone r eductions contained in the 2007 Ozone Plan

.

BenMap Overview

BenMAP is a sophisticated computer software model developed by the U.S. EPA that is

well-suited for estimating the health benefit s from the 2007 Ozone Plan

. 2 

### Over the

course of the past decade, ongoing progres s in the fields of epidemiology and

geographic information systems (GIS) have resu lted in the development of computer

models that are capable of estimating the health benefits of improved air quality with

reasonable accuracy when properly applied. These models estimate the number of

avoided cases of certain diseases and other health impairment categories, known as

health endpoints, which result from a specif ied reduction in exposure to criteria air

pollutants, e.g. ozone and fine part iculates (PM 2.5). This reduction could be the result

of (1) an individual emission control ru le with a substantial reduction in annual

population exposure, or (2) a body of cont rol rules that comprise the regional

component of a state im plementation plan.

2 See Abt Associates Inc. (2008) BenMAP Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program: User’s

Manual . Prepared for the Office of Air Quality Plann ing and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle

Park, NC (September). SJVAPCD Health Science Ad visor, David Lighthall, Ph.D., has received BenMAP

training from the Community Modeling and Analysis System in Chapel Hill, NC under contract to the U.S.

EPA. See http://www.epa.gov/air/benmap/ for more information on BenMAP, downloading the program,

and for technical documents.



### G - 6 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

If BenMAP was used to estimate the health benefits of Rule 4570 alone, the results

would be expressed in a relatively wide range around a mean with questionable

statistical value. Health benef its, particularly at the low end of that estimation range,

would appear relatively inconsequential. This outcome would not reflect the fact that (1)

Rule 4570 makes a substantial contribution to overall VOC reductions in the 2007

Ozone Plan and (2) VOC controls are an integral, essential component of the overall

ozone control strategy.

How BenMAP Works

There are two central objectives in BenM AP analyses. First, the program estimates

reductions in the incidence rates of health endpoints (i.e. avoided cases of disease,

premature death, and/or impaired health) based on a specif ied improvement in ambient

air quality for a target area and its population. The degree of improvement is based on

statistical relationships between exposure to a given criteria pollutant and health that

are derived from previously published epidem iological studies. The second objective

involves assigning an economic value to t hose avoided cases of health problems, again

based on previously published economic analyse s of the health endpoints in question.

A similar benefit estimation model, known as REHEX, was employed in the Hall et al.

(2008) study that estimated the health and economic benefits of achieving federal

ozone and PM 2.5 standards in the San Jo aquin Valley and South Coast air basins. 3



### Key elements of the BenMAP analysis process include the following: First, BenMAP

determines the change in ambient air quality as specified by the user. BenMAP does

not include an air quality model. Instead, this data is either loaded in from external

modeling sources or generated fr om a national set of air pollu tion monitoring data that is

pre-loaded into BenMAP. The la tter was used in this analysis.

Next, BenMAP calculates the relationship between the reduction in air pollution (e.g.

ozone or PM 2.5) and health endpoints. This entails the utilization of a concentrationresponse function based on prior epidemiologi cal studies. These functions determine

the relative health impact of each unit increase in pollution exposure. Users select from

one or more prior health studies for each health endpoint in order to derive an

appropriate concentration response function.

In the final step, BenMAP estimates the incidence reduction for specified health

endpoints for the target population, depending on the level of pollution reduction

specified.

3 Hall, J., V. Brajer, and F. Lurmann. (2008) The Benefits of Meeting Federa l Clean Air Standards in the

South Coast and San Joaquin Valley Air Basins . California State Universi ty--Fullerton, Institute for

Economic and Environmental Studies. See http://business.fullerton.edu/centers/iees/



### G - 7 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

A simplified example of estimating t he health effect can be summarized as: 4



### Health Effect = Health Baseline Inciden ce X Air Quality Change X Health Effect

Estimate X Exposed Population

1. Health Baseline Incidence: The health incidence rate is an estimate of the

average number of people that die or bec ome ill over a given period of time and

for a standard population unit that exists pr ior to any change in air quality, e.g.

220 cases of asthma per 1,000 individuals per year.

2. Air Quality Change: The air quality c hange is the difference between the starting

air pollution level (i.e. the baseline), and t he air pollution level after some change,

such as a new regulation (i.e. the control).

3. Health Effect Estimate : The health effect estima te is an estimate of the

percentage change in adverse health e ffect due to a one unit change in ambient

air pollution. Epidemiological studies provide the source for effect estimates in

BenMAP.

4. Exposed Population: T he exposed population is the nu mber of people affected

by the air pollution reduction.

Finally, BenMAP calculates the economic value of avoided health effects due to

reduced ozone or PM 2.5 air pollution. To summarize:

Economic Value = Health Effect X Value of Health Effect

There are several ways to calculate the val ue of health effect changes. For example,

the value of an avoided premature mortality is generally calculated using the Value of a

Statistical Life (VSL). The VSL is an economic estimate of the social value of premature

death that is used to guide policy makers in making public investments in public health

or safety. VSL estimates range fr om $3.8 to $8.9 million per case. 5 

### VSL estimates are

based on either contingent valuati on surveys or wage risk studies. 6 

### For other health

endpoints, the medical costs of the illness may be the only valuation available. In other

cases, prior research has provided surv ey-based generalizations about participants’

willingness to pay (WTP) for avoidance of health symptoms and/or diseases. These

4 See Abt Associates Inc. (2008) BenMAP Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program: User’s

Manual . Prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park,

NC (September). Summary above taken from pp. 8- 9. BenMAP Version 3.0.12 was used in this

analysis.

5 For a further discussion of the VSL, see BenMAP Technical Appendices . Office of Air Quality Planning

and Standards, U.S. EPA. Prepared by Abt Associates, Inc. September 2008. Available at:

http://www.epa.gov/air/benmap/docs.html

6 Contingent valuation studies are based on survey s that ask how much individuals would be willing to

pay to avoid a given health problem. Wage risk studie s estimate the value of a single life by looking at

the premium paid to workers in occupations that face an increased risk of occupational mortality. For

example, a high rise steel worker accepts a 1 in 1, 000 (0.001 probability) greater chance of occupational

mortality in return for an annual wage premium of $5,000. The VSL in this situation is then based on

multiplying that incremental risk to equal a pr obability of 1, i.e. 1,000 X $5,000 = $5,000,000.



### G - 8 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

economic valuation functions for key heal th endpoints are contained within BenMAP

and can also be imported for custom analyses.

Results of the BenMAP Analysis

Reduced Incidence

The results of the BenMAP incide nce analysis are presented in Table 3. As a result of

the total control measur es contained within the 2007 Ozone Plan , these figures

represent the number of avoided cases of pr emature death or health trauma that would

apply to the San Joaquin Valley county populations in the year 2020. 2020 was

selected as the terminus of health benefits fr om the Plan because VOC controls from

Rule 4570 were not anticipated beyond that year. 7 

### As such, the model estimated the

additional cases of prematur e death and health trauma that wo uld occur in 2020 if Rule

4570 and the other District control measures contained within the 2007 Ozone Plan

were not adopted.

Values in each cell reflect (1) the amount of reduced ozone exposure specified in Table

3; (2) the demographic charac teristics of each county, par ticularly its population size;

and (3) the concentration response function (or pooled functions) selected for each

health endpoint category. These values ar e means representing the mid-point of a

range of health endpoint cases. With the exception of Worker Productivity, the standard

deviation for each county endpoint value is estimated by BenMAP and is presented

below the mean totals in Table 3. 8 

### It is important to note the standard deviations. In

several cases, these values are relatively large by statistical standards, reflecting the

fact that the studies upon which the inci dence reductions are based have a comparable

level of uncertainty in estimating t he health effects of ozone exposure.

Valuation Results

Valuation results for all health endpoint categories in each county are presented in

Table 4. The total annual economic cost savings is $159,636,286 in 2006 dollars. A

comparable analysis of the ec onomic benefits of ozone attainment conducted by Hall et

al. (2008) reported an annual value of $88,880,000 in 2007 dollars for the 2007 Valley

population. In addition to the populat ion increase between 2007 and 2020, one reason

for the higher figure in this analysis is the higher annual mortality benefits in this study

(21 cases vs. 9 in the Hall et al. estimate ). Other health endpoint estimates are similar

when scaled for population differences, although the terms used to describe the

endpoints differ in some cases.

Conclusion

The health benefits for the popul ation of the San Joaquin Valley associated with the

reductions in ambient oz one exposure from the 2007 Ozone Plan are considerable.

The proposed amendment to Rule 4570 is sc heduled to achieve a modest increase in

7 As stated above, Rule 4570 v2 is now planned to achieve a maximum reduction of 27.6 tyd by 2023.

8 BenMAP does not provide a standard deviation for this health endpoint.



### G - 9 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Analysis October 21, 2010

G - 10 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570 

### overall VOC emission reductions from the CAF sector relative to what was used in the

2009 health benefit analysis reported above, and it will achieve those reductions at a

more rapid pace. For these reasons, the health benefits that ultimately result from this

amendment, if adopted, may be sli ghtly higher than what was estimated in 2009. In

conclusion, this abbreviated review of t he 2009 health benefit analysis demonstrates

that the reductions in VOC emi ssions resulting from Rule 4570 v1 and v2 make a critical

contribution to the District’s overall strat egy for meeting the oz one standards in the San

Joaquin Valley.SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICTAppendix G: Health Benefit AnalysisOctober 21, 2010G - 11Final Staff Report with Appendices ForRevised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570Table 1. 2012 Modeling: Estimated Contribution of CAFEmissions to 2012 Ozone Concentrations.Confined Animal Facilities (CAF) Contribution to 8-hr OzoneBenefit of Removing all CAF EmissionsCAF contribution to 8-hr OzoneSite ModeledModeled OzoneDesign ValueOzone Change(ppb)Percent Design ValueChangeTurlock912.22.4%Merced952.02.1%Madera871.51.8%Fresno-Sierra Sky Park1072.82.7%Fresno-First St992.62.6%Clovis972.62.7%Parlier1032.82.8%Visalia911.81.9%Hanford901.81.9%Shafter891.31.5%Oildale962.62.7%Bakersfield-California Ave962.42.5%Bakersfield-Golden State Ave932.22.3%Maricopa941.51.6%Edison982.22.2%Arvin1092.42.2%This evaluation was performed using modeling completed for the2007 Ozone Planbased on 2012 emission targets.SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICTAppendix G: Health Benefit AnalysisOctober 21, 2010G - 12Final Staff Report with Appendices ForRevised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570Figure 1. Contribution from Rule 4570 (v1 and v2) to Ozone Reductions from the2007 Ozone Plan.2012 8-hr Ozone Improvement from the 2007 Ozone Plan0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0 Turlock Merced Madera Fresno Clovis Parlier Visalia Hanford Shafter Oildale Bakersfield Maricopa Edison Arvin

Ozone Improvement (ppb)Rule 4570 v1Rule 4570 v2Other 2007 Ozone Plan StrategiesSAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICTAppendix G: Health Benefit AnalysisOctober 21, 2010G - 13Final Staff Report with Appendices ForRevised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570Table 2. Contribution of Rule 4570 (v1 and v2) in 2012 to Regional Attainment of the 1997 Ozone Standard.Contribution to 8-hr Ozone AttainmentRule 4570 v1 and v22007 Ozone Plan Strategy (w/o Rule 4570)Site ModeledModeledOzoneDesignValueOzone Change(ppb)Percent Closer toAttainmentOzone Change(ppb)Percent Closer toAttainmentTurlock910.814.6%0.610.8%Merced950.87.6%0.77.2%Madera870.634.5%0.742.7%Fresno-Sierra Sky Park1071.15.0%0.83.6%Fresno-First St991.07.1%0.74.9%Clovis971.08.2%0.75.7%Parlier1031.16.2%0.84.5%Visalia910.711.6%0.712.4%Hanford900.714.0%0.715.0%Shafter890.512.0%0.614.9%Oildale961.08.9%0.43.6%Bakersfield-California Ave960.98.5%0.65.6%Bakersfield-Golden State Ave930.810.0%0.56.1%Maricopa940.66.8%0.78.3%Edison980.86.3%0.53.8%Arvin1090.93.9%0.62.5%This evaluation was performed using modeling completed for the 2007 Ozone Plan based on 2012 emission targets.Final ozone attainment for the region is estimated to occur in 2023 based on CARB modeling.SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICTAppendix G: Health Benefit AnalysisOctober 21, 2010G - 14Final Staff Report with Appendices ForRevised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570Table 3. Avoided Cases of Premature Death and Health Trauma in 2020MeanTotalsFresnoKernKingsMaderaMercedSanJoaquinStanislausTulareMortality216 61 1 1 3 2 3RespiratoryEmergency RoomVisits7820223238812RespiratoryHospitalAdmissions28675768911323045School Loss Days79,53220,19422,0512,3012,2413,1938,6617,64713,246Acute RespiratorySymptoms91,40223,61325,8673,1092,7053,4809,6519,08113,896WorkerProductivity11,828,7481,887,9184,818,409151,810258,283586,901107,985114,7633,902,679StandardDeviationMortality2 20 0 0 1 1 1RespiratoryEmergency RoomVisits6 71 1 1 3 2 4RespiratoryHospitalAdmissions232333310914School Loss Days10,59911,5461,2131,1821,6864,5654,0306,927Acute RespiratorySymptoms6,5827,2028687569722,6952,5353,867WorkerProductivityNANANANANANANANASAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICTAppendix G: Health Benefit AnalysisOctober 21, 2010G - 15Final Staff Report with Appendices ForRevised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570Table 4. 2020 Estimated Economic Value of Avoided Casesof Premature Death and Health Trauma (in 2006 dollars)Mean TotalsFresnoKernKingsMaderaMercedSan JoaquinStanislausTulareMortality$132,737,821$34,347,752$35,678,672$3,442,470$3,442,470$5,144,200$16,179,052$15,347,849$19,155,356RespiratoryER Visits$20,240$5,215$5,689$586$586$798$2,159$2,024$3,183RespiratoryHospitalAdmissions$4,489,142$1,172,315$1,199,208$139,995$139,995$172,402$498,364$464,291$702,572School LossDays$5,960,435$1,514,521$1,653,807$168,065$168,065$239,443$649,562$573,539$993,433AcuteRespiratorySymptoms$4,599,900$1,193,650$1,307,585$136,725$136,725$175,911$487,836$459,037$702,431WorkerProductivity$11,828,748$1,887,918$4,818,409$151,810$258,283$586,901$107,985$114,763$3,902,679$159,636,286StandardDeviationMortality$26,481,582$27,506,864$2,654,342$2,654,342$3,966,557$12,474,714$11,833,775$14,767,801RespiratoryER Visits$1,622$1,767$183$183$249$673$631$988RespiratoryHospitalAdmissions$360,096$363,451$43,276$43,276$52,548$152,490$142,488$212,474School LossDays$794,929$865,914$88,654$88,654$126,424$342,401$302,250$519,502AcuteRespiratorySymptoms$445,659$487,890$51,108$51,108$65,767$182,320$171,530$261,997WorkerProductivityNANANANANANANANA

### SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Appendix G: Health Benefit Anal ysis October 21, 2010

G - 16 Final Staff Report with Appendices For

Revised Proposed Amendments to Rule 4570 

### This page intentionally blank.