STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
 

Malcolm David Setser, Personal Representative FILED 

for the Estate of Kedron Eugene Setser, April 10, 2015 

Plaintiff Below, Petitioner RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

OF WEST VIRGINIA vs) No. 14-0680 (Boone County 12-C-174) 

Alaina Harvey, John Workman, Boone County 

Sheriff’s Department, and the Boone County 

Commission, Defendants Below, Respondents 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Malcolm David Setser (“petitioner”), personal representative of the estate of 

his son, Kedron Eugene Setser (“Kedron Setser” or “Mr. Setser”), by counsel Peter A. Hendricks 

and Lonnie C. Simmons, appeals the order of the Circuit Court of Boone County, entered on 

April 28, 2014, dismissing his complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be 

granted. Respondent Alaina Harvey (a probation officer with Boone County Probation Services), 

appears by counsel John M. Hedges and Stephanie J. Shepherd. Respondents John Workman (a 

home incarceration officer and deputy sheriff with Boone County Sheriff’s Department), Boone 

County Sheriff’s Department, and Boone County Commission appear by counsel Gary E. Pullin 

and Christopher C. Ross. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the order of the circuit court is appropriate under 

Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

For the purposes of the appeal before us, we take the facts set forth in petitioner’s 

complaint as true. Kedron Setser was serving a probationary term of home confinement pursuant 

to two separate pleas to the felonies of wanton endangerment and conspiracy. While on home 

confinement, Mr. Setser was supervised by the Boone County Home Confinement Office, a 

division of the Boone County Sheriff’s Department. According to the circuit court’s probation 

order, Mr. Setser was required to submit to random drug and alcohol screening and had to 

provide samples within two hours of a request from his probation officer or home incarceration 

officer. It is undisputed that Kedron never requested modification of the term requiring him to 

submit a sample within two hours. 

Respondents Harvey and Workman requested a sample from Mr. Setser on September 13, 

2011, and Mr. Setser reported to the Boone County Day Report Center, but did not provide the 

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sample, though he tried to comply and drank multiple glasses of water while at the center. Mr. 

Setser was sent home after five hours, but was arrested the following day, at which time the 

arresting officer obtained a urine sample which was determined to be “clean.” Two days later, 

petitioner delivered a note, written on a prescription form of a practitioner at Wharton Medical 

Center to Respondent Workman stating that Kedron had cauda equina syndrome, a condition that 

“prevents adequate urinary control” and he “needs to have alternative methods of urinary drug 

testing allowed.” The next day, September 16, 2011, an assistant prosecuting attorney filed a 

petition for revocation of Mr. Setser’s probation and home incarceration. Mr. Setser committed 

suicide in his cell at the Southwestern Regional Jail on September 20, 2011. 

Petitioner filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of Boone County on August 1, 2012, 

asserting a violation of Mr. Setser’s state constitutional rights (“state constitutional tort”); 

disability discrimination under the provisions of the West Virginia Human Rights Act, leading to 

wrongful incarceration and wrongful death; and failure to reasonably accommodate a disability, 

also under the West Virginia Human Rights Act. Petitioner alleged in the complaint that 

respondents were aware (from the experience of supervising Mr. Setser and based on medical 

records delivered in August of 2011) that Mr. Setser had cauda equina syndrome and that it was 

extremely difficult for him to provide a urine sample “on demand.” Petitioner stated that Mr. 

Setser learned for the first time on September 13, 2011, that alternative methods of sample 

collection could be used if certification of medical necessity was provided. Petitioner also 

alleged that Mr. Setser’s family advised respondents that Mr. Setser was in need of a number of 

prescription medications, but respondents made no effort to ensure that he received those 

medications while incarcerated. 

Upon the filing of the complaint, Respondent Harvey filed a motion to dismiss, and 

Respondents Workman, Boone County Sheriff’s Office, and Boone County Commission filed a 

separate motion to dismiss, all pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). The circuit court granted the motions, 

dismissing all of petitioner’s claims. According to the circuit court’s order, the court found that 

respondent had no authority over the regional jail policies, and had no duty to monitor Mr. Setser 

while he was incarcerated. It further found that Mr. Setser’s suicide was not foreseeable by these 

respondents. The court further found that respondents “are not a place of public 

accommodations” that would trigger application of the West Virginia Human Rights Act. This 

appeal followed. 

On appeal, petitioner asserts two assignments of error. To summarize, first he argues that 

the circuit court erred in dismissing his complaint because respondents had knowledge that 

Kedron Setser was incapable of providing a urine sample on demand, and in spite of this 

knowledge caused him to be wrongfully incarcerated for failure to provide a urine sample, 

thereby actually causing the suicide. He argues, second, that the circuit court erred in dismissing 

the complaint because respondents are a “place of public accommodations” under the definition 

provided in West Virginia Human Rights Act, West Virginia Code § 5-11-3(j), and are therefore 

liable for discrimination prohibited by that act. 

This Court has explained that “[t]he purpose of a motion under Rule 12(b)(6) of the West 

Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure is to test the sufficiency of the complaint. A trial court 

considering a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) must liberally construe the complaint so as 

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to do substantial justice.” Cantley v. Lincoln County Comm’n, 221 W.Va. 468, 470, 655 S.E.2d 

490, 492 (2007). “Since the preference is to decide cases on their merits, courts presented with a 

motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim construe the complaint in the light most favorable to 

the plaintiff, taking all allegations as true.” Sedlock v. Moyle, 222 W.Va. 547, 550, 668 S.E.2d 

176, 179 (2008). Therefore, “[t]he trial court, in appraising the sufficiency of a complaint on a 

Rule 12(b)(6) motion, should not dismiss the complaint unless it appears beyond doubt that the 

plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief. 

Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45–46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957).” Syl. Pt. 3, Chapman v. 

Kane Transfer Co., Inc., 160 W.Va. 530, 236 S.E.2d 207 (1977). This Court’s review of a circuit 

court’s dismissal of a complaint pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) is plenary. In other words, “[a]ppellate 

review of a circuit court’s order granting a motion to dismiss a complaint is de novo.” Syl. Pt. 2, 

State ex rel. McGraw v. Scott Runyan Pontiac–Buick, Inc., 194 W.Va. 770, 461 S.E.2d 516 

(1995). 

In support of his first assignment of error, petitioner argues that a jury should decide the 

issue of whether the asserted violations of Kedron Setser’s constitutional and statutory rights 

actually caused his suicide. Petitioner puts forth this claim under Moats v. Preston County 

Commission, 206 W.Va. 8, 521 S.E.2d 180 (1999), wherein we wrote: 

Although negligence actions seeking damages for the suicide of another 

have generally been barred because the act of suicide is considered deliberate and 

intentional, and therefore, an intervening act that precludes a finding that the 

defendant is responsible, courts have allowed such actions where the defendant is 

found to have actually caused the suicide or where the defendant is found to have 

had a duty to prevent the suicide from occurring. McLaughlin v. Sullivan, 123 

N.H. 335, 461 A.2d 123, 124-25 (1983). See also Comment, Civil Liability for 

Causing or Failing to Prevent Suicide, 12 Loy.L.A.L.Rev. 967, 968 (1979). 

Id. at 16, 521 S.E.2d at 188.1 In this excerpt, we explained the direction of other courts with 

regard to the two exceptions described therein, and then went on to adopt the exception that 

1 Petitioner characterizes this statement as our holding in Moats. Our syllabus in that case 

provides, in part: 

Recovery for wrongful death by suicide may be possible where the 

defendant had a duty to prevent the suicide from occurring. In order to recover, 

the plaintiff must show the existence of some relationship between the 

defendant(s) and the decedent giving rise to a duty to prevent the decedent from 

committing suicide. Generally, such relationship exists if one of the parties, 

knowing the other is suicidal, is placed in the superior position of caretaker of the 

other who depends upon that caretaker either entirely or with respect to a 

particular matter. 

Syl. Pt. 6, Moats, 206 W.Va. at 10, 521 S.E.2d at 182. This is our original syllabus point 

announcing an important new point of law decided in the case. See Syl. Pt. 1, State v. McKinley, 

234 W.Va. 143, ___, 764 S.E.2d 303, 306 (2014). 

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allows recovery where a plaintiff has shown “the existence of some relationship between the 

defendant(s) and the decedent giving rise to a duty to prevent the decedent from committing 

suicide.” Syl. Pt. 6, id. at 10, 521 S.E.2d at 182. We have not explicitly stated that a plaintiff 

could recover based on a cause of action for wrongful death by suicide under the first exception, 

“where the defendant is found to have actually caused the suicide.” Id. We see no reason to 

consider whether we would adopt that exception into our jurisprudence under the facts asserted 

in the complaint before us. 

The complaint reveals that Mr. Setser had been required to submit to random drug and 

alcohol testing as early as April of 2007, and that the effects of his condition of cauda equina 

syndrome had generally, if not specifically, been raised with the circuit court. Petitioner further 

asserts that, subsequent to the beginning of the term of home confinement that is relevant to this 

case, Mr. Setser was called upon in July of 2011 to provide a urine sample and though he “had 

difficulty,” he ultimately provided the sample in the allotted two-hour time frame. Though 

petitioner alleges that respondents “did not inform [him or Mr. Setser] of any alternative methods 

for drug testing,” it is undisputed that Mr. Setser never sought relief from the circuit court, which 

had entered the probationary terms and conditions in the first place. Respondents did not request 

a urine sample again until the incident that occurred in September of 2011, and only after Mr. 

Setser was incarcerated for violating the terms and conditions of his home confinement did 

respondents receive a note, purportedly from Mr. Setser’s treating physician, stating that Mr. 

Setser “needs to have alternative methods of urinary drug testing allowed.” In consideration of 

the complaint before us, we find that petitioner can prove no set of facts which would entitle him 

to relief, and we find no error in the circuit court’s dismissal of the complaint on this issue. 

We turn to petitioner’s second assignment of error. He argues that Mr. Setser was a 

qualified person with a disability and respondents are “places of public accommodation[s that] 

failed to reasonably accommodate his disability.” The question presented is whether respondents 

are “place[s] of public accommodations” under the West Virginia Human Rights Act, W.Va. 

Code § 5–11–1, et seq., and thereby subject to the provisions of W.Va. Code § 5–11–9(f)(1). The 

relevant term is defined in W.Va. Code § 5–11–3(j): 

The term “place of public accommodations” means any establishment or 

person, as defined herein, including the state, or any political or civil subdivision 

thereof, which offers its services, goods, facilities or accommodations to the 

general public, but shall not include any accommodations which are in their 

nature private. To the extent that any penitentiary, correctional facility, detention 

center, regional jail or county jail is a place of public accommodation, the rights, 

remedies and requirements provided by this article for any violation of 

subdivision (6), section nine of this article shall not apply to any person other 

than: (1) Any person employed at a penitentiary, correctional facility, detention 

center, regional jail or county jail; (2) any person employed by a law-enforcement 

agency; or (3) any person visiting any such employee or visiting any person 

detained in custody at such facility[.] 

In Skaff v. West Virginia Human Rights Commission, 191 W.Va. 161, 444 S.E.2d 39 

(1994), we considered the former iteration of this definition (which did not specifically exclude 

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the detained persons as set forth in the current definition) to determine whether state penal 

institutions are places of public accommodation for purposes of the West Virginia Human Rights 

Act. We explained that, in prior jurisprudence, “[w]e reviewed cases from other jurisdictions and 

concluded that one of the essential ingredients of a place of public accommodations was that the 

facility allows participation to unscreened and unselected members of the public.” Id. at 163, 444 

S.E.2d at 41 (citing Israel v. Secondary Sch. Activities Comm’n, 182 W.Va. 454, 388 S.E.2d 480 

(1989)). We went on: 

When we apply the foregoing to inmates in the State’s penal institutions, it 

is apparent that they are not members of the general public. Their criminal 

convictions and incarcerations seriously curtail the civil liberties which ordinarily 

are afforded the public at large. Moreover, because members of the general public 

are excluded, the inmates’ place of confinement cannot be deemed a public 

accommodation. There is no unscreened or unselected membership that is able to 

utilize the facility which we found in Israel to be characteristic of a place of 

public accommodations. 

Id. at 163-64, 444 S.E.2d at 41-42. This rationale applies with equal force to individuals confined 

to their homes by court order for having committed a “delinquent act.” See W.Va. Code § 62­

11B-2 (2014). Mr. Setser did not present from the “general public” seeking the services of 

respondents. He avoided institutional incarceration through the discretion of the circuit court, and 

would not otherwise have been subject to respondents’ monitoring. We find no error in the 

circuit court’s dismissal of the complaint on this ground. 

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm. 

Affirmed. 

ISSUED: April 10, 2015 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Brent D. Benjamin 

Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

DISSENTING: 

Justice Robin Jean Davis 

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