U Marketing and

Regulatory

Programs

Agricultural

Marketing

Service

Specialty

Crops

Program

Specialty 

Crops 

Inspection

Division

AIM 

Management

Series

Cumulative Sum 

Sampling Plan (CUSUM) 

Attributes Standards 

Only

October 2017
“SCI moving forward in the 21st Century using technology, innovation, and old fashioned hard work”

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i

Cumulative Sum Sampling Plan (CUSUM) Attributes Standards Only

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

GUIDE FOR ELECTRONIC USAGE........................................................................................... 1

STATISTICAL EXPLANATION OF ON-LINE SAMPLING PROCEDURES .......................... 2

CuSum sampling plans ................................................................................................................... 2

Sample unit tolerance (“T”)............................................................................................................ 2

Acceptance limit (“L”).................................................................................................................... 2

Starting value (“S”)......................................................................................................................... 3

Resetting to zero (0)........................................................................................................................ 3

Resetting to “L” .............................................................................................................................. 3

Production which fails the designated grade .................................................................................. 3

Two (2) consecutive sample unit failure rule ................................................................................. 3

Assigning a grade to production ..................................................................................................... 4

HOW TO CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS................................. 7

HOW TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS 

AND PERCENT DEFECTIVE .................................................................................................... 11

HOW TO USE THE PROBABILITY OF ACCEPTANCE (“PA”) ............................................ 12

HOW TO COMPUTE CUSUM VALUES................................................................................... 12

HOW FREQUENTLY TO DRAW THE STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE FOR 

INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................... 18

HOW TO EVALUATE A SAMPLE UNIT................................................................................. 18

Prerequisite quality factors. .......................................................................................................... 18

Classified defects.......................................................................................................................... 18

Other defects, if any...................................................................................................................... 18

How to inspect production............................................................................................................ 19

APPENDIX I ................................................................................................................................ 33
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INTRODUCTION

This document is designed as a reference document to give guidance to Specialty Crops 

Inspection Division personnel of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 

applying the Cumulative Sum Sampling Plan (CUSUM) for Attributes Standards Only in on-line 

inspection applications.

Compliance with the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) guidelines does not excuse failure 

to comply with the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or any other applicable Federal or State laws 

or regulations. SCI Division of the Specialty Crops Programs (SCP), AMS is responsible for 

grading/inspecting, audits and standardization programs of fresh and/or processed fruits and 

vegetables and related products. The legal authority for grading, auditing, and standardization 

activities are the Agricultural Marketing Acts of 1936 and 1946, as amended.

Applicants may obtain inspections of any fresh and/or processed fruit and vegetable and related 

products for which they have a financial interest. The inspection service is voluntary and selfsupporting, and is offered on a fee-for-service basis.

GUIDE FOR ELECTRONIC USAGE 

The AIM system of instructional manuals is available electronically in Adobe Acrobat Portable 

Document Format (PDF) at the following intranet address: 

https://ems-team.usda.gov/sites/AMS/AMS-SCI/AIM/SitePages/Home.aspx. 

When accessed electronically, AIM materials have hyperlinks and hypertext (visible as 

underlined blue text) available to the PDF user. Clicking on a hyperlink takes the reader to a 

web site with information relating to the subject. Hypertext links the reader to a different page 

within the current manual, or a different manual, with information relating to the subject. For 

example, the hypertext in the Table of Contents allows a reader to go directly to the section of 

interest in the manual by clicking on the section title. 

PDF offers a variety of tools depending on the Adobe version the reader has. The newer the 

version, the more tools available. PDF documents are easily searchable for content within a 

document or within multiple documents. To learn about the variety of PDF search options: 

• Click on the “Help” tab on the top of any page in Adobe Acrobat, 

• Then click on the “Adobe Acrobat Help” bar, 

• Type the word “Search” in the “Search” box, and click on the “Search” button, 

• A series of options will become available, 

• Click on the “Access Search Features” link and follow the instructions for the type of 

search you are interested in.
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STATISTICAL EXPLANATION OF ON-LINE SAMPLING PROCEDURES

A “lot” is never formed under an on-line inspection situation. Instead, production is divided into 

separate portions (e.g., tote bins, period codes, sub-codes, etc.). Each portion is inspected and 

assigned a grade as it is produced. The grade is final. This procedure frees the producer to ship 

directly off the line. The Cumulative Sum (CuSum) Sampling Plan was developed to handle online inspection.

CuSum is designed to maintain a constant good quality, rather than to screen out poor qualityafter it has been produced. Therefore, the producer is requested to establish the desired quality 

level for production. CuSum will tell only whether the production meets or fails the intended 

grade. It is not structured to discern between different quality levels.

The producer is provided with step-by-step reporting as each sample unit is graded. This 

information may be used to help the producer control the process. Positive CuSum values (in 

excess of zero (0)) provide evidence of worsening quality. This signals the need for 

improvement. The ability to abuse the CuSum sampling plan by intentionally producing poorer 

quality, after establishing a history of good quality, is limited.

CuSum sampling plans

A CuSum sampling plan is defined by three numbers, denoted by the letters “T,” “L,” and “S.” 

These values are chosen for each AQL and sample unit size to pass 95% of the production 

produced at the Acceptable Quality level (AQL). Individual portions of production will have, at 

most, a 98 percent to 99.5% chance of passing when the CuSum value is zero (0).

Sample unit tolerance (“T”)

The “T” value is the sample unit tolerance. A portion of production represented by a sample unit 

having “T” or less defects will always pass the intended grade. Only the number of defects that 

exceed “T” are counted and accumulated by the CuSum plan. If the number of defects is less 

than “T,” the CuSum accumulation will be decreased.

Acceptance limit (“L”)

Some sample units may have more than “T” defects, even though the producer has good quality. 

This will occur due to sample variation. However, when the CuSum value exceeds “L,” the 

production quality is probably below the intended grade. Only those portions of production 

represented by sample units whose CuSum value exceeds 'L' are rejected for the designated 

grade.

There may be portions of production with good quality that fail the designated grade. This risk 

will be present with any sampling plan because of sampling variation. Also, poor production 

may be passed for the intended grade because our sample information does not provide sufficient 

proof that the quality is poor. This is also due to sampling variation.
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Starting value (“S”)

At the start of a CuSum value, no prior information is available about the production quality. To 

give production approximately a 95% chance of passing at the start of each plan, the CuSum 

value is set equal to “S.” Starting the CuSum value at any value other than “S,” would make the

sampling plan either too tight or too loose for the first portions of production produced at the 

AQL.

CuSum sampling plans are designed to be continuous sampling plans with infrequent restarts. 

There is no need to restart a CuSum sampling plan unless there is a distinct break in production 

or a re-designation of the grade. A CuSum sampling plan does not necessarily need to be 

restarted at the beginning of each shift or each day's production.

Resetting to zero (0)

Whenever the CuSum value is less than zero, it is reset equal to zero. This rule prevents the 

buildup of too much good history, which would permit the acceptance of poorer quality later in a 

production run. If negative CuSum values were maintained, the number of defects that would be 

permitted in subsequent sample units would be large. There is no specific absolute limit (AL) 

given for any individual sample unit by the CuSum sampling plan. By always resetting to zero 

(0), when the CuSum is negative, the maximum allowance for any sample unit becomes “T” plus 

“L.”

Resetting to “L”

The CuSum value is reset to “L,” when it exceeds “L.” This requires the next sample unit to 

meet the tolerance (“T” or less defects) for production to pass the designated grade. By resetting 

to “L,” the producer is also assured that all portions of production will pass the designated grade 

if the sample unit has “T” or less defects.

Production which fails the designated grade

When a portion of production fails the designated grade, it is necessary to assign a lower grade. 

A single sampling plan is used to determine the lower grade. The same sample unit results are 

used without recalculations. The sample size is the sample unit size for the CuSum sampling 

plan. The acceptance number is the sum, “T” plus “L,” for the next lower grade. If the number 

of defects in the sample unit does not exceed “T” plus “L,” the production is assigned that lower 

grade. Usually, when production fails the designated grade, it will pass the next lower grade.

Two (2) consecutive sample unit failure rule

Small sample sizes are used to make grading decisions for on-line inspection, due to time and 

costs of inspection. Thus, the CuSum sampling plan may allow some poorer quality to pass for 

the designated grade. The single sampling plan is even looser than the CuSum sampling plan. It 

permits the maximum number (“T” plus “L”) of defects in each sample unit. This creates a 

situation where production is designated grade A, but quality is actually grade B or worse. The 
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single sampling plan gives production even a greater chance of passing. In this situation a 

producer could take advantage of the CuSum sampling plan for the designated grade, and the 

single sampling plan for the lower grades.

To improve the accuracy of the on-line sampling procedure, and to discourage possible 

intentional abuse, a two (2) consecutive failure rule has been added to the on-line plan. When 

two successive portions of production have failed the designated grade, the quality level has 

probably dropped below the designated grade. If production is at the AQL, the probability of 

two consecutive failures is less than 1.0%. This rule will seldom be used unless production 

quality has actually slipped below the designated grade.

Inspection for the designated grade may resume when three consecutive sample units meet the 

sample tolerance, “T,” for each class of defects in the designated grade and the CuSum value is 

zero “O” in the lower grade. This requirement is similar to the CuSum sampling plan, where the 

sample unit following a failure must meet the tolerance, for the production to pass the designated 

grade. In most situations, the production represented by the three consecutive sample units 

within the tolerance may be recovered for the designated grade (see Appendix I, step A).

The effect of the two consecutive failure rule on the CuSum sampling plan being used for the 

designated grade is illustrated in the OC curves shown in the graphs in this manual. The OC 

curves show comparison of the CuSum sampling plan with the two consecutive failure rule for a 

small AQL (1 defect per 100 units) and a larger AQL (20 defects per 100 units). This rule 

tightens the CuSum sampling plan on quality levels which exceed the AQL. The chance of 

passing at the AQL has only a small decrease. The two consecutive failure rule reduces the 

chance of accepting poor quality for the designated grade with a minimal chance at the AQL.

Assigning a grade to production

In a true on-line inspection situation, each portion of production which is represented by a 

sample unit is separately identifiable. The on-line sampling procedures assign a grade to each 

portion of production. However, in our on-line inspection, each portion of production will often 

not be separately identified due to the costs and time loss in changing codes. All production with 

the same code must be assigned the same grade, since the portions that are graded differently 

cannot be identified. All production that is similarly coded must receive the lowest grade 

assigned to any portion of production using that code. This is to protect the buyer or consumer.

The producer would obtain the greatest benefit from the CuSum sampling plan by separately 

identifying each portion of production. If the code is not changed for each portion of production, 

the risks of failing the designated grade are increased. Each producer must weigh these 

increased risks against the costs to determine how frequently codes should be changed.
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HOW TO CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

A. Use the U.S. standards or other applicable specifications for the product.

Example: “U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned Clingstone Peaches”

or

“_________________________________ Foods, Inc., Product Specifications for Canned 

Clingstone Peach Halves, effective _____________.”

B. Use the applicable AQLs for the designated grade.

Example:

 AQL1

 U.S. GRADE B

TOTAL MAJOR SEVERE CRITICAL

 20.0 12.5 5.0 1.0

or

“________________________________ Foods, First Label Canned Clingstone Peach 

Halves will conform to the effective U.S. Standards for Grades of Canned Clingstone 

Peaches with the following modifications:”

 AQL1

TOTAL MAJOR SEVERE CRITICAL

15.0 10.0 5.0 1.0

 1 AQLs expressed as defects per 100 units.
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Example:

Defect Action Level

5 10 12 15 20 25

Positive Fields

S 0 1 0 1 0 1

T 1 2 3 3 5 6

L 1 3 2 3 2 3

AQL2 2.5 6.5 8.5 10.0 15.0 20.0

C. Use the applicable standard sample unit size.

Example: “7 CFR 52.38b Recommended Sample Unit Sizes.

Halves; Quarters -- 25 units”

or

“__________________________ Foods, Inc., Specification.

SAMPLE UNIT SIZE:

Draw 25 halves at 30 minute intervals.”

D. Select the CuSum values (“S,” “T,” “L”) from the Regulations 7 CFR 52.38a which may 

be found at the following internet address: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-tablesearch.html#page1 or other procedures that match the AQL and the standard sample unit 

size.3

 2 AQLs expressed as percent defective.

3 CuSum values will usually be preprinted on the defect tally sheets.
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Example: TABLE VII

CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

______________________________________________________________________________

Quality Levels

AQL S T L Pa=50% Pa=10%

______________________________________________________________________________

QUALITY LEVELS EXPRESSED AS DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS OR PERCENT 

DEFECTIVE

* * *

---------Critical

-- 1.0 0 0.5 0.5 4.0 10.0

* * *

---------Severe

-- 5.0 1.5 1.5 3 9.1 16.3

* * *

QUALITY LEVELS EXPRESSED AS DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS ONLY

* * *

---------Major

-- 12.5 1 4 3 21.0 32.4

* * *

---------Total

-- 20.0 1 6 4 29.7 42.7

* * *
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E. If the AQL specified in the U.S. standards or other specification is not available in the 

“Regulations,” do the following:

Use the next AQL in the “Regulations” that is on the restrictive side of the designated 

grade (or designated AQL).

Example:

U.S. GRADE B

TOTAL MAJOR SEVERE CRITICAL

AQL4 26.0 11.0 3.0 0.75

adjust to the following AQLs

U.S. GRADE B

TOTAL MAJOR SEVERE CRITICAL

AQL4 25.0 10.0 2.5 0.65

Accept or reject based on the adjusted AQLs.

 4 AQLs expressed as defects per 100 units.
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HOW TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEFECTS PER HUNDRED 

UNITS AND PERCENT DEFECTIVE

Example: (each X represents one defect)
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HOW TO USE THE PROBABILITY OF ACCEPTANCE (“PA”)

The CuSum sampling plans in the Code of Federal Regulation give the probability of acceptance 

(Pa) at the 50/50 level and at the 10/90 level in defects per 100 units (or percent defective) for 

each indexed AQL. The probability of acceptance will change if the standard sample unit size is 

increased or decreased. The larger the sample unit size, the better the protection against poorer 

quality production. However, the larger sample unit sizes increase the time and costs of 

inspection. The U.S. standards will recommend which sample unit size to use. 

Example: Relationship of Pa to the OC Curve

HOW TO COMPUTE CUSUM VALUES

At the beginning of the basic inspection period, set the CuSum value equal to the Starting value 

(“S”) for each class of defects (“critical,” “severe,” “major,” and “total all classes”) of the 

designated grade. Compute the CuSum value for each sample unit as follows:

A. Add the number of defects (or defectives) in the sample unit that you're working with to 

the CuSum value (carry over) from the previous sample unit.
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B. Subtract the Sample Unit Tolerance (“T”).

Reset the CuSum value in the following situations:

1. When the CuSum value is less than zero (0), reset the CuSum value to zero (0).

2. When the CuSum value exceeds the Acceptance Limit (“L”), reset the CuSum 

value to (“L”).

Example 1: (showing only major defects)

FORMULA: Carry Over (Old CuSum) + Defects - Tolerance = New CuSum
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Example 2: showing only mold count record

FORMULA: Carry Over (Old CuSum) + Defects - Tolerance = New CuSum
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Example 3: decimal fractions showing only severe defects

FORMULA: Carry Over (Old CuSum) + Defects - Tolerance = New CuSum
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Example 4: decimal compound fractions showing only major defects

FORMULA: Carry Over (Old CuSum) + Defects - Tolerance = New CuSum
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Example 5: showing all classes of defects

FORMULA: Carry Over (Old CuSum) + Defects - Tolerance = New CuSum
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HOW FREQUENTLY TO DRAW THE STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE FOR 

INSPECTION

Use the time sampling plan outlined in the AIM Instruction Series, Sampling Manual. Draw the 

sample unit so that only the inspector can predict the actual time of sampling. Do not fall into a 

predictable time-frame sampling.

Acceptable sampling frequencies are: high volume, medium volume, low volume, optional rate, 

pallet by pallet, and tote by tote inspection. See also Appendix I, section B, Tote bin inspection

(or other large units such as drums), steps B and D, tote by tote inspection and modification of 

sampling frequency. 

HOW TO EVALUATE A SAMPLE UNIT

Prerequisite quality factors.

Evaluate and record each prerequisite quality factor which is applicable for the product (overall 

appearance, flavor and odor, etc.). Prerequisites are recorded as either “A,” “B,” “C” or 

Substandard.5

Classified defects

A. Determine and record the number of defects of each kind and class in the appropriate 

boxes indicated for the defects;

B. Count the total number of classified defects for each class (minor, major, severe, and 

critical);

C. Record the number of defects in each class in the appropriate boxes opposite “Total 

Critical,” “Total Severe,” “Total Major,” and “Total minor”;

D. Add the total number of classified defects found in all classes in the sample unit and 

record this number opposite “Total All Classes.”

Other defects, if any

Some U.S. standards may have defects that are not classified as minor, major, severe, or critical. 

Count and record these defects as instructed by the grading manual for each product.

 5 Consider prerequisites independently of the classified defects. Therefore, record the prerequisites as the actual 

grade that they are assigned and not the designated grade. This is important if tally sheets are later reevaluated to 

determine if production has met a special specification, such as a buyer's spec.
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How to inspect production

Step 1. Meets designated grade

If the CuSum value is less than or equal to the Acceptance Limit (“L”) for all classes of defects, 

the portion of production represented by that sample unit meets the requirements of the 

designated grade.

Example 1: Designated grade A showing only critical defects

S T L

C

R

I

T

I

C

A

L

Pit Material 1

Total Critical 0 1 0 0 0

CUSUM

A 0.2 0.2 0.8 0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

B 0.5 0.5 1.5

Meets

Example 2: Designated grade B showing only total defects

T

O

T

A

L

S T L

Total All

Classes 10 14 0 16 10

CUSUM

A 1 8 3

B 2 12 5 0 2 0 4 2

Meets
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Example 3: Designated grade B showing all classes of defects

C

R

I

T

I

C

A

L

S T L

EVM 1 3 1

Total Critical 1 0 0 3 0 1

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0

C 1 3 3

S

E

V

E

R

E

Tough Fiber 1 2 1

Blemished 1 1 1 1

Total Severe 0 2 3 1 1 1

CUSUM

A 0.5 1.5 2

B 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 1 5 3

M

A

J

O

R

Edible Fiber 1 2 2 2 1

Blemished 2 2 1 2 1

Total Major 1 4 4 1 4 2

CUSUM

A 1 3 3

B 1 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 1 6 4

M

I

N

O

R

_______

T

O

T

A

L

Damaged 2 4 4 3 1 1

Blemished 2 4 2 2 1 1

Total Minor 4 8 6 5 2 2

Total All Classes 6 14 13 10 7 6

CUSUM

A 1 6 4

B 2 12 5 0 2 3 1 0 0

C 2 17 7

Meets
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Step 2. Fails designated grade

If the CuSum value exceeds the Acceptance Limit (“L”) for one of more classes of defects, the 

portion of production represented by that sample unit fails requirements of the designated grade.

A. Determine if the sample units meets or fails lower grades:

1. Do not recalculate CuSum; and

2. Use the sum of T+L, applicable to the lower grade, as the acceptance number for 

the failed sample unit (maximum number of defects permitted). 

Example 1: Designated grade A showing only major defects

M

A

J

O

R

S T L Fails Meets Fails

Color 5 2 1 1 12

Gouge 3 1 1

Total Major 8 3 2 1 12

CUSUM

A 1 3 3 3 3 2 0 3

B 1 6 4 B

C 1 9 4 C

 Meets grade B (T+L=10) Meets grade C (T+L=13)

Example 2: Designated grade A showing only severe defects

M

A

J

O

R

S T L Meets Fails

EVM 1 3

Uncolored 1 2

Total Severe 1 0 1 0 5

CUSUM

A 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 0 0.5

B 0.4 0.8 1.6

C 1.5 1.5 1.5 3

 SSTD

 Fails grade B (T+L=2.4) Fails grade C (T+L=4.5)
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Example 3: (Designated grade B showing all classes of defects)

C

R

I

T

I

C

A

L

S T L

EVM 2 2 1 1 5 1

Total Critical 2 2 1 1 5 1

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1

C 1 3 3 C

S

E

V

E

R

E

Tough Fiber 1 4 1 1 1 1

Blemished 3 1 1 1

Total Severe 1 7 2 2 2 1

CUSUM

A 0.5 1.5 2.0

B 1 3 3 0 3 2 1 0 0

C 1 5 3 C

M

A

J

O

R

Edible Fiber 2 3 2 3 3 2

Blemished 2 2 2 2 2 2

Total Major 4 5 4 5 5 4

CUSUM

A 1 3 3

B 1 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 1 6 4

M

I

N

O

R

_______

T

O

T

A

L

Damaged 1 1 4 4 2

Blemished 1 1 1 4 2

Total Minor 2 2 1 4 8 4

Total All Classes 9 16 8 12 20 10

CUSUM

A 1 6 4

B 2 12 5 0 4 0 0 5 3

C 2 17 7 C

Meets Fails Meets Fails Meets
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Step 3. Two (2) sample units in a row fail the designated grade.

If the CuSum value for 2 sample units in a row exceeds a specified Acceptance Limit 

(“L”) of the designated grade for any class of defects:

A. Inspect subsequent production at the lowest grade of the two consecutive failing 

sample units;

1. Start CuSum equal to “S” of the lower grade for all classes of defects;

2. Calculate CuSum at the lower grade for all classes of defects;

B. Resume inspection for the designated grade only when three (3) consecutive 

sample units;6

1. Are zero (0) CuSum value in the lower grade;

2. And the number of defects in each sample unit is less than or equal to the 

tolerance (“T”) of the designated grade for all classes of defects;

C. Restart CuSum equal to “S” of the designated grade for any production which 

follows the three consecutive sample units that meet.

Exception: Step 3 does not apply to prerequisites.

Example 1: (does not count as 2 in a row)

Sample Unit Number---------- 1 2 3 4 5 6

Prerequisites:

Overall appearance A B A A B A

Flavor and odor A A A A A B

Classified defects:

(After computing the CuSum value and assigning a grade)

A A B A A A

Sample Unit Grade A B B A B B

 6 See also Appendix I, step 1of this manual (recovery of step 3 failure)
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Example 2: Designated grade A showing only severe defects

S

E

V

E

R

E

S T L

Total Severe 2 2 0 0 0 0

CUSUM

A 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0

B 0.4 0.8 1.6 B B 0 0 0

C 1.5 1.5 3.0

 2 in a row fail grade A

 Start CuSum at “S” of grade B

3 in a row meet (0) CuSum at the lower grade and defects do not 

exceed “T” of the designated grade

Start CuSum at “S” of the designated grade and resume inspection at grade 

A for all following production.

Example 3: (Designated grade B showing total all classes of defects)

S

E

V

E

R

E

S T L

Total All Classes 17 24 20 18 16 17 15 16 17

CUSUM

A 2 12 5

B 2 17 7 2 7 7 1 1

C 3 22 9 C C 0 0 0 0

 2 in a row fail grade B

 Start CuSum at “S” of grade C

3 in a row meet (0) CuSum at the lower grade and defects do not 

exceed “T” of the designated grade.

Start CuSum at “S” of the designated grade and resume inspection at grade 

B for all following production.

Fails B
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Example 4: Designated grade A showing only major defects

M

A

J

O

R

S T L

Total Major 9 8 14 28 10 8 8 6 9

CUSUM

A 1 8 4 2 2 4 4 2

B 2 12 5 B B

C 2 17 7

 SSTD

 2 in a row fail grade A

 Inspect at the lowest grade of the 2 sample unit failures.

 Ignore computations for SSTD

 3 in a row do not exceed “T” of the designated grade

Start CuSum at “S” of the designated grade and resume

inspection at grade A for all following production

Fails A
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Example 5: Designated grade A showing all classes of defects
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D. Re-designation of production grade

If the grade of production is re-designated:

1. To a higher grade;

a. Begin CuSum for all classes of defects at the “S” value of the higher 

grade;

2. To a lower grade;

a. Begin CuSum for all classes of defects at the “S” value of the lower grade.

Re-designation of the production grade does not remove the restrictions placed on 

production by step 3. 

Example 1: Re-designated grade B showing total all classes of defects.
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Example 2: Re-designated grade A showing only major defects.
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Example 3: Re-designation of grade showing all classes of defects.
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E. Assigning a grade to production

When similarly coded production is represented by more than one sample unit, the grade 

for that production is determined as follows:

1. If each portion of production (period code, sub-code, tote bin, pallet, label, drum, 

etc.) is acceptable for the designated grade, all of the production is accepted for 

the designated grade.

2. If any portion of production is not acceptable for the designated grade, all of that 

portion of production fails the designated grade.

3. A portion of production may be accepted by one sample unit grade.

Example 1: Designated grade A showing only code segregation policy.
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Example 2: Designated grade A showing all classes of defects
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Example 3: Designated grade B showing all classes of defects
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APPENDIX I

A. Recovery of production which follows a step 3 failure.

When production fails the designated grade for 2 sample units in a row, inspection cannot 

be resumed for the designated grade until 3 consecutive sample units are zero (0) CuSum 

value at the lower grade and defects do not exceed “T” of the designated grade (see step 

C of this manual, page 23).

Production represented by the 3 consecutive sample units that meet may be recovered and 

assigned the designated grade, provided, that:

1. The code (period code, sub-code, tote, pallet, label, drum, etc.) is changed often 

enough to separate passing production from failing production;

2. The production in question is capable of being recovered and is not buried in the 

warehouse or freezer storage (e.g., frozen peas stored in silos probably cannot be 

recovered);

3. The tally sheet is recorded in a manner which will verify that the production may 

be recovered; and

4. The production meets step C of this manual, page 23.

Example 1: (Designated grade A showing only total defects)
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Example 2: Designated grade B showing only major defects.

Example 3: Designated grade A showing only total defects
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Example 4: Re-designated grade B following 2 failures in a row.

Example 5: Recovery of Substandard
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B. Tote bin inspection (or other large units such as drums).

For tote bin inspection or drum inspection, use the procedure as described in this manual 

(steps 1 through 5, and Appendix I). Totes and drums may be inspected on a unit-by-unit 

basis, if the applicant desires.

The standard sample unit size (200 green beans, 50 peas, 100 strawberries, etc.) may be 

drawn at random from the container or a composite may be drawn from each unit 

selected for sampling.

1 1/3 of sample unit from top tier 1

tote 1/3 of sample unit from mid-tier sample

or drum 1/3 of sample unit from bottom tier unit

Tote-by-tote or drum-by-drum inspection does not change the requirements for 

production as outlined under step 3 of this manual. If two totes in a row fail the 

designated grade, 3 units in a row must comply with step 3 before production may be 

returned to the designated grade.

Example 2: Designated grade A showing only total defects.

Tote Bin or Drum No. BK1 BK2 BK3 BK4 BK5 BK6 BK

7

BK8 BK9

T

O

T

A

L

S T L

Total All Classes 10 10 5 8 25 5 8 7 35

CUSUM

A 1 8 4 3 4 1 1 4 1 1 0 4

B 2 14 7 B

C 3 22 9 C

Sample Unit Grade A B A --- C A --- --- SSTD

Production Grade A B A ---- C A --- --- SSTD
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Example 3: Designated grade A showing only total defects

Tote Bin or Drum No. C5 C10 C15 C20 C25 C30 C35 C40 C45

T

O

T

A

L

S T L

Total All Classes 6 12 12 6 5 0 6 4 5

CUSUM

A 1 6 4 1 4 4 1 0 0

B 2 12 5 B B 0 0 0

C 3 18 9

Sample Unit Grade A B B UNCONFIRMED A A A

Production Grade A B B A A A A A A

Sample unit drawn every 5th container. Thus, 10 thru 19 are grade B.

C. Re-inspection of failed production.

Failed production or any portion of production may be accepted as a lot on its own or 

with other production of the same grade (quality level) and is considered the grade 

assigned at the time of production. Any request for re-inspection of production failed 

under the CuSum plan must be accomplished as an appeal lot inspection. However, the 

product may be reexamined at any time to update certification or verify for condition.

D. Modification of sampling frequency.

The time sampling frequency may be adjusted, if it is necessary, following a production 

failure to meet the designated grade. This is important if production is being sampled at a 

low or medium frequency. Otherwise, a severe penalty would be imposed on the 

producer by just a small pocket of lower quality production. However, it is your 

responsibility to never allow this flexibility of sampling frequency to be abused.

Example 1: Designated grade A showing only total defects
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E. Mold counting example
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Mold counting example (continued)

F. How to convert to tighter AQLs.

Some persons (processors, private label buyers, quality assurance personnel, etc.) have in 

the past required that production be better than a minimum grade limit as defined in the 

U.S. standards (such as bottom grade A). These persons developed their own 

specifications.

With the CuSum plan, a limit may be placed on production so that a minimum grade 

level is clearly unacceptable. The easiest way to do this is to tighten the specified AQL. 

The CuSum plan offers this flexibility and also indicates the chances of passing a level of 

defects worse than the AQL. Also, the selection of the appropriate plan (13, 25, 50, 100 

or 200) may reduce the chances of accepting bad quality.
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With the CuSum plan, the larger the standard sample unit size, the better the protection 

against poorer quality. However, there is a “trade-off.” Large sample unit sizes increase 

the time and costs of inspection. Ensure the desired protection is practical.

1. Use as a base of operation, the AQLs that are applicable for the designated grade 

in the U.S. standards.

Example:

U.S. GRADE B

AQL7 Total Major Severe Critical

20.0 10.0 2.5 0.65

2. Use the standard sample unit size applicable for the product. If the sample unit 

size is changed, the protection against poorer quality would change. However, 

the sample unit size may be changed, if desired.

Example: 7 CFR52.38b Recommended Sample Unit Sizes.

Halves; Quarters -- 25 Units”

3. Refer to the appropriate CuSum table that you're using.

Example:

TABLE VII

CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

AQL S T L QUALITY LEVELS

Pa=50% Pa=10%

QUALITY LEVELS EXPRESSED AS DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS OR PERCENT DEFECTIVE

* * * 

 QUALITY LEVELS EXPRESSED AS DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS ONLY

* * *

20.0 1 6 4 29.7 42.7

* * *

 7 AQL expressed as defects per 100 units.
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4. Tolerance (“T”) method: Use the tolerance (“T”) as the number of defects that 

you are willing to accept.

Example:

TABLE VII

CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25
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5. AQL method: Use the AQL as the number of defects that you are willing to 

accept in 100 units.

Example:

TABLE VII

CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

AQL S T L QUALITY LEVELS

Pa=50% Pa=10%

QUALITY LEVELS EXPRESSED AS DEFECTS PER HUNDRED UNITS OR PERCENT DEFECTIVE

* * *

5.0

6.5

8.5

10.0s

* * *

1.5

1

0

1

1.5

2

3

3

3

3

2

3

9.1

12.2

16.4

16.7

16.3

21.5

27.1

27.1

Start with the bottom of the grade

Read up vertically

If you're willing to accept 8.5 defects per 

100 units, specify the 8.5 AQL (major).

If you're willing to accept 6.5 defects per 

100 units, specify the 6.5 AQL (major).
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6. Limiting quality method (Pa=10%): Use the Pa=10% as a guide to the worst 

quality that you are willing to accept.

Example:

TABLE VII

CUSUM SAMPLING PLANS

STANDARD SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25
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7. From a practical standpoint, AQLs for the more serious defects (major, severe and 

critical) should be tightened less than the AQLs for the less serious defects (total 

all classes).
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8. If you change the standard sample unit size, the protection against acceptance of 

poorer quality would also change.
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G. How to reevaluate a defect tally sheet.

It is possible to reevaluate a previously filled in defect tally sheet to determine if past 

production would meet a specification not used at the time of the original grading. This 

situation could occur if production was sold several months after packing.

The defect tally sheet is a history of production. It contains the order of production, the 

number of units examined, the number of classified defects, and the record of prerequisite 

quality factors.

Normally, a buyer's specification would be expected to place a limitation on specific 

defects other than what the product was originally graded against.

The defect tally sheet may be reevaluated by transposing to a new tally sheet or

superimposing on the old tally sheet. If there is any information on the old tally sheet 

which would reveal another buyer's position, complete a new tally sheet.

There is a “trap” in revaluating a defect tally sheet -- that is failed production. It must be 

considered because the order of production would influence acceptance or rejection of 

portions of production. In reevaluating a defect tally sheet, do not bypass failed 

production even though that production may have been removed from the lot.

The example on the next page of this manual shows the reevaluation of a defect tally 

sheet by superimposing a buyer's AQLs on the old tally sheet.
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Example: Designated grade B showing all classes of defects

Note: Two-in-row rule, step 3, does not apply to reevaluated tally sheet.
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H. How to use the verification sampling plans.

It is possible to evaluate a small sample to indicate the reliability of the original 

evaluation of a larger sample; or, to indicate if there has been a change in quality since 

the original evaluation; or, to audit another grader.

The advantage of the verification sampling plan is to reduce the time required for regrading a small sample could be graded faster than a large sample. Then, if the 

verification sample indicates the original evaluation is unreliable, other methods could be 

used to reevaluate the quality of the lot (such as re-grading at the full sample size).

As with all sampling plans, the verification sampling plan is subject to sampling risks (or 

sampling variation).

The purpose of this instruction is to show how to use the verification sampling plan. This 

instruction does not give guidelines for the circumstances under which the plan may be 

used.

To use the verification sampling plan, the procedure is as follows:

1. Obtain the original grading record (tally sheet).

Example:

“TALLY SHEET FOR CANNED __________________”

2. Determine the standard sample unit size that was used for the original inspection.

Example 1:

“TALLY SHEET FOR CANNED _________________ - SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25 HALVES”

Example 2:

“TALLY SHEET FOR FROZEN _________________ - SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 1000 g”
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3. Determine the defects per 100 units for each class of defects (total, major, severe 

and critical) that were found in the original inspection.

Example 1: defects by count

Determine the defects per 100 units for each class of defects (total, major, severe 

and critical) that were found in the original inspection (continuation).

Example 2: defects by weight/40 g increments

* * *

M

A

J

O

R

Color 1 1

Blemished 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Major 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1.5 1.5 3 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 0 3 2

8 sample units X 1000 g = 

-.04

8000 g = 200 /8.00 X 100 = 4 defects/100 units.

 40

Each 40 g increment equals 1 defect

= 8
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Example 3: defects by weight/8 g increments

8 sample units X 200 g = 

-.04

1600 g = 200 /8.00 X 100 = 4 defects/100 units.

 8

Each 8 g increment equals 1 defect

4. Select the verification sampling plan that matches the appropriate standard sample 

unit size used for the original inspection. There are 5 tables of verification plans.

Example:

“ TABLE I

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 13

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 13 “

“ TABLE II

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 13 “

“ TABLE III

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 50

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 25 “

“ TABLE IV

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 100

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 50 “

“ TABLE V

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 200

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 100 “
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5. Perform the inspection of the verification sample that you have drawn. Evaluate 

all prerequisite quality factors and all classified quality factors (total, major, 

severe and critical).

6. Check the defects per 100 units that were found in the original inspection against 

the number of defects you have found in the verification sample for all classes of 

defects (total, major, severe and critical).

Example:

Original inspection:

 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 + 25

M

A

J

O

R

Color 1 1

Blemished 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Major 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1.5 1.5 3 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 0 3 2

Verification inspection:

13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13

M

A

J

O

R

Color 1 1

Blemished 1 1 1

Total Major 1 1 1 1 1 0

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1.5 1.5 3

C 0 3 2

=4/100

=5
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7. Accept or reject the verification sample based on the results of the check between 

the original inspection and the verification sample.

Example:

Original inspection:

M

A

J

O

R

Color 1 1

Blemished 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Major 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1.5 1.5 3 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0

C 0 3 2

TABLE II

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLANS

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 13

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.2 1

0.21 - 0.7 2

0.71 - 1.2 3

1.21 - 1.9 4

1.91 - 2.7 5

2.71 - 3.6 6

3.61 - 4.4 7 

Verification inspection:

M

A

J

O

R

Color 1 1

Blemished 1 1 1

Total Major 1 1 1 1 1 0

CUSUM

A 0 1 1

B 1.5 1.5 3

C 0 3 2

=4/

100

=5

Meets
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TABLE I

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 13

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 13

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.5 2 75.01 - 77.0 76

0.51 - 0.9 3 77.01 - 80.0 78

0.91 - 1.7 4 80.01 - 83.0 81

1.71 - 2.4 5 83.01 - 87.0 84

2.41 - 3.1 6 87.01 - 90.0 87

3.11 - 3.8 7 90.01 - 94.0 90

3.81 - 4.8 8 94.01 - 97.0 93

4.81 - 5.6 9 97.01 - 100.0 96

5.61 - 6.5 10 100.01 - 104.0 99

6.51 - 7.4 11 104.01 - 107.0 102

7.41 - 8.2 12 107.01 - 111.0 105

8.21 - 9.2 13 111.01 - 114.0 108

9.21 - 10.0 14 114.01 - 118.0 111

10.01 - 11.0 15 118.01 - 121.0 114

11.01 - 12.0 16 121.01 - 125.0 117

12.01 - 13.0 17 125.01 - 128.0 120

13.01 - 14.0 18 128.01 - 132.5 123

14.01 - 15.0 19 132.51 - 137.0 127

15.01 - 16.0 20 137.01 - 141.5 131

16.01 - 17.0 21 141.51 - 146.5 135

17.01 - 18.0 22 146.51 - 151.0 139

18.01 - 19.0 23 151.01 - 156.0 143

19.01 - 20.0 24 156.01 - 160.0 147

20.01 - 21.0 25 160.01 - 165.0 151

21.01 - 22.0 26 165.01 - 170.0 155

22.01 - 23.0 27 170.01 - 174.0 159

23.01 - 24.0 28 174.01 - 179.0 163

24.01 - 25.0 29 179.01 - 184.0 167

25.01 - 26.0 30 184.01 - 188.0 171

26.01 - 27.0 31 188.01 - 193.5 175

27.01 - 28.0 32 193.51 - 198.0 179

28.01 - 29.0 33 198.01 - 203.0 183

29.01 - 31.0 34 203.01 - 207.0 187

31.01 - 33.0 36 207.01 - 213.0 191

33.01 - 35.0 38 213.01 - 217.5 195

35.01 - 37.0 40 217.51 - 222.0 199

37.01 - 39.2 42 222.01 - 226.1 203

39.21 - 42.0 44 226.11 - 232.0 207

42.01 - 43.0 46 232.01 - 237.0 212

43.01 - 45.7 48 237.01 - 242.0 216

45.71 - 48.0 50 242.01 - 247.0 220

48.01 - 50.0 52 247.01 - 251.0 224

50.01 - 52.5 54 251.01 - 257.0 228

52.51 - 55.0 56 257.01 - 263.0 233

55.01 - 57.0 58 263.01 - 268.0 238

57.01 - 59.0 60 268.01 - 274.9 243

59.01 - 61.0 62 274.91 - 281.0 248

61.01 - 64.0 64 281.01 - 288.0 253

64.01 - 66.0 66 288.01 - 293.5 259

66.01 - 68.0 68 293.51 - 300.0 264

68.01 - 70.0 70 300.01 - 306.0 269

70.01 - 73.0 72 -

73.01 - 75.0 74
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TABLE II

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 25

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 13

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.2 1 55.01 - 58.0 57

0.21 - 0.7 2 58.01 - 61.0 60

0.71 - 1.2 3 61.01 - 64.9 63

1.21 - 1.9 4 64.91 - 68.0 66

1.91 - 2.7 5 68.01 - 71.2 69

2.71 - 3.6 6 71.21 - 75.0 72

3.61 - 4.4 7 75.01 - 78.0 75

4.41 - 5.3 8 78.01 - 81.9 78

5.31 - 6.1 9 81.91 - 85.0 81

6.11 - 7.1 10 85.01 - 88.9 84

7.11 - 7.9 11 88.91 - 92.0 87

7.91 - 8.9 12 92.01 - 96.0 90

8.91 - 9.9 13 96.01 - 99.0 93

9.91 - 10.8 14 99.01 - 103.0 96

10.81 - 11.5 15 103.01 - 106.0 99

11.51 - 12.8 16 106.01 - 110.0 102

12.81 - 13.5 17 110.01 - 113.0 105

13.51 - 15.0 18 113.01 - 117.0 108

15.01 - 15.5 19 117.01 - 122.0 112

15.51 - 17.0 20 122.01 - 126.0 116

17.01 - 17.5 21 126.01 - 131.0 120

17.51 - 19.0 22 -

19.01 - 20.0 23

20.01 - 21.0 24

21.01 - 22.0 25

22.01 - 23.0 26

23.01 - 24.0 27

24.01 - 25.0 28

25.01 - 26.0 29

26.01 - 27.0 30

27.01 - 28.5 31

28.51 - 29.0 32

29.01 - 30.9 33

30.91 - 33.0 35

33.01 - 35.0 37

35.01 - 37.5 39

37.51 - 39.5 41

39.81 - 42.0 43

42.01 - 44.0 45

44.01 - 46.0 47

46.01 - 48.8 49

48.81 - 50.2 51

50.21 - 53.0 53

53.01 - 55.0 55
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TABLE III

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 50

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 25

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.1 1 40.81 - 42.4 78

0.11 - 0.35 2 42.41 - 44.5 81

0.36 - 0.65 3 44.51 - 46.0 84

0.66 - 1.05 4 46.01 - 48.0 87

1.06 - 1.45 5 48.01 - 49.8 90

1.46 - 1.9 6 49.81 - 52.0 93

1.91 - 2.3 7 52.01 - 54.0 97

2.31 - 2.7 8 54.01 - 56.6 101

2.71 - 3.2 9 56.61 - 59.0 105

3.21 - 3.7 10 59.01 - 61.5 109

3.71 - 4.1 11 61.51 - 64.0 113

4.11 - 4.7 12 64.01 - 66.0 117

4.71 - 5.1 13 66.01 - 69.0 121

5.11 - 5.7 14 69.01 - 71.0 125

5.71 - 6.1 15 71.01 - 73.5 129

6.11 - 6.7 16 73.51 - 76.0 133

6.71 - 7.2 17 76.01 - 79.0 137

7.21 - 7.7 18 79.01 - 82.0 142

7.71 - 8.3 19 82.01 - 85.0 147

8.31 - 8.8 20 85.01 - 88.0 152

8.81 - 9.3 21 88.01 - 91.0 157

9.31 - 9.9 22 91.01 - 94.0 162

9.91 - 10.3 23 94.01 - 98.0 167

10.31 - 11.0 24 98.01 - 101.0 173

11.01 - 11.5 25 101.01 - 105.0 179

11.51 - 12.0 26

12.01 - 12.5 27

12.51 - 13.0 28

13.01 - 13.5 29

13.51 - 14.4 30

14.41 - 15.5 32

15.51 - 16.5 34

16.51 - 17.8 36

17.81 - 18.9 38

18.91 - 20.0 40

20.01 - 21.1 42

21.11 - 22.4 44

22.41 - 23.5 46

23.51 - 24.5 48

24.51 - 26.0 50

26.01 - 27.0 52

27.01 - 28.0 54

28.01 - 29.0 56

29.01 - 30.6 58

30.61 - 32.0 60

32.01 - 33.7 63

33.71 - 35.4 66

35.41 - 37.0 69

37.01 - 39.0 72

39.01 - 40.8 75
SCI Division Management Series Cumulative Sum Sampling Plan (CUSUM) 

Attributes Standards Only

Effective Date: October 2017 Page 57 of 58

TABLE IV

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 100

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 50

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.05 1 21.21 - 22.2 81

0.06 - 0.17 2 22.21 - 23.0 84

0.18 - 0.33 3 23.01 - 24.0 87

0.34 - 0.5 4 24.01 - 24.8 90

0.51 - 0.7 5 24.81 - 25.7 93

0.71 - 0.95 6 25.71 - 26.8 96

0.96 - 1.15 7 26.81 - 28.0 100

1.16 - 1.35 8 28.01 - 29.2 104

1.36 - 1.6 9 29.21 - 30.4 108

1.61 - 1.8 10 30.41 - 31.7 112

1.81 - 2.1 11 31.71 - 32.8 116

2.11 - 2.3 12 32.81 - 34.0 120

2.31 - 2.6 13 34.01 - 35.5 124

2.61 - 2.8 14 35.51 - 36.8 128

2.81 - 3.1 15 36.81 - 38.2 133

3.11 - 3.3 16 38.21 - 39.7 138

3.31 - 3.6 17 39.71 - 41.0 143

3.61 - 3.9 18 41.01 - 42.5 147

3.91 - 4.1 19 42.51 - 43.8 151

4.11 - 4.4 20 43.81 - 45.0 156

4.41 - 4.7 21 45.01 - 46.6 160

4.71 - 4.9 22 46.61 - 48.0 165

4.91 - 5.2 23 48.01 - 49.5 170

5.21 - 5.5 24 49.51 - 51.2 175

5.51 - 5.7 25 51.21 - 52.7 180

5.71 - 6.0 26 52.71 - 54.0 185

6.01 - 6.3 27 54.01 - 55.8 190

6.31 - 6.6 28 55.81 - 57.3 195

6.61 - 6.8 29 57.31 - 59.0 200

6.81 - 7.1 30 59.01 - 60.4 205

7.11 - 7.4 31 60.41 - 62.0 210

7.41 - 7.7 32 62.01 - 63.8 215

7.71 - 7.9 33 63.81 - 65.2 220

7.91 - 8.3 34 65.21 - 66.8 225

8.31 - 8.9 36 -

8.91 - 9.4 38

9.41 - 10.0 40

10.01 - 10.6 42

10.61 - 11.2 44

11.21 - 11.7 46

11.71 - 12.5 48

12.51 - 13.3 51

13.31 - 14.0 54

14.01 - 14.5 56

14.51 - 15.3 58

15.31 - 16.0 60

16.01 - 16.8 63

16.81 - 17.7 66

17.71 - 18.5 69

18.51 - 19.5 72

19.51 - 20.3 75

20.31 - 21.2 78
SCI Division Management Series Cumulative Sum Sampling Plan (CUSUM) 

Attributes Standards Only

Effective Date: October 2017 Page 58 of 58

TABLE V

VERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN

ON-LINE SAMPLE UNIT SIZE = 200

VERIFICATION SAMPLE SIZE = 6 X 100

DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS DEFECTS/100 UNITS MAXIMUM NO. OF DEFECTS

IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE IN ON-LINE SAMPLE IN VERIFICATION SAMPLE

0.00 - 0.025 1 14.01 - 14.6 104

0.026 - 0.09 2 14.61 - 15.2 108

0.091 - 0.165 3 15.21 - 15.8 112

0.166 - 0.255 4 15.81 - 16.4 116

0.256 - 0.36 5 16.41 - 17.0 120

0.361 - 0.45 6 17.01 - 17.7 124

0.46 - 0.55 7 17.71 - 18.3 128

0.56 - 0.7 8 18.31 - 19.0 133

0.71 - 0.8 9 19.01 - 19.7 138

0.81 - 0.9 10 19.71 - 20.5 143

0.91 - 1.05 11 20.51 - 21.2 147

1.06 - 1.15 12 21.21 - 21.9 151

1.16 - 1.3 13 21.91 - 22.5 156

1.31 - 1.4 14 22.51 - 23.3 160

1.41 - 1.5 15 23.31 - 24.0 165

1.51 - 1.7 16 24.01 - 24.8 170

1.71 - 1.8 17 24.81 - 25.6 175

1.81 - 1.9 18 25.61 - 26.4 180

1.91 - 2.1 19 26.41 - 27.0 185

2.11 - 2.2 20 27.01 - 27.9 190

2.21 - 2.3 21 27.91 - 28.6 195

2.31 - 2.45 22 28.61 - 29.4 200

2.46 - 2.6 23 29.41 - 30.2 205

2.61 - 2.7 24 30.21 - 31.0 210

2.71 - 2.9 25 31.01 - 31.8 215

2.91 - 3.0 26 31.81 - 32.5 220

3.01 - 3.1 27 32.51 - 33.4 225

3.11 - 3.3 28 33.41 - 34.2 231

3.31 - 3.4 29 34.21 - 35.2 236

3.41 - 3.6 30 35.21 - 36.0 241

3.61 - 3.7 31 36.01 - 36.6 246

3.71 - 3.8 32 36.61 - 37.4 251

3.81 - 4.0 33 37.41 - 38.3 256

4.01 - 4.3 35 38.31 - 39.0 262

4.31 - 4.6 37 39.01 - 39.9 267

4.61 - 4.9 39 39.91 - 40.7 272

4.91 - 5.2 41 40.71 - 41.6 277

5.21 - 5.4 43 41.61 - 42.2 282

5.41 - 5.8 45 42.21 - 43.0 287

5.81 - 6.0 47 43.01 - 44.0 292

6.01 - 6.3 49 44.01 - 44.7 298

6.31 - 6.6 51 44.71 - 45.8 304

6.61 - 6.9 53 45.81 - 47.0 311

6.91 - 7.2 55 47.01 - 48.2 318

7.21 - 7.5 57 48.21 - 49.0 325

7.51 - 7.8 59 49.01 - 50.3 332

7.81 - 8.1 61 50.31 - 51.4 339

8.11 - 8.6 64 51.41 - 52.5 346

8.61 - 9.0 67 52.51 - 53.6 354

9.01 - 9.4 70 53.61 - 54.9 361

9.41 - 9.9 73 54.91 - 56.2 368

9.91 - 10.3 76 56.21 - 57.3 376

10.31 - 10.8 79 57.31 - 58.8 384

10.81 - 11.2 82 58.81 - 60.0 393

11.21 - 11.7 85 60.01 - 61.4 401

11.71 - 12.2 88 61.41 - 63.0 410

12.21 - 12.6 91 63.01 - 64.0 420

12.61 - 13.1 94 64.01 - 65.0 428

13.11 - 13.5 97 65.01 - 66.0 436

13.51 - 14.0 100