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<meta name="dc:title" content="Subject:  Justification for removing fruit fly cold treatment and trapping requirements for Shandong Province, China in conjun">
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<title>Subject:  Justification for removing fruit fly cold treatment and trapping requirements for Shandong Province, China in conjun</title>
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<p><b>United States Department of Agriculture
</b></p>
<p><b>Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
</b></p>
<p><b>Plant Protection and Quarantine</b></p>
<p><b>Risk Management Document</b></p>
<p><b><i>Fresh False Coriander, Eryngium foetidum L., from Panama into the Continental United States</i></b></p>
<p><b>May 9, 2008</b></p>
<p><b>Plant Health Programs (PHP)</b></p>
<p><b>Commodity Imports Analyses and Operations (CIAO)
</b></p>
<p><b>Contact Person: David B Lamb</b></p>
<p><b>Introduction
</b></p>
<p>In response to a request for market access to import fresh false coriander (<i>Eryngium foetidum </i>L.) leaves and stems without roots from Panama into<i> </i>the Continental United States, the Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) division of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) prepared a pest risk assessment (PRA) (USDA. 2008) .  </p>
<p>The pest risk assessment document, “Pathway-initiated risk analysis of the <i>importation of fresh false coriander Eryngium foetidum </i>L.<i>from Panama  into the continental United States” </i> found one quarantine pest of false coriander from Panama that could follow the pathway:</p>
<p><i>Nysius simulans </i>(Stal) Heteroptera: Lygaeidae</p>
<p><i>Nysius simulans</i> is an external feeder on seeds, leaves and flowers of False Coriander (Ramirez, 2007).     </p>
<p><b>Risk Management Measures
</b></p>
<p>· False Coriander must be imported as commercial shipments only</p>
<p>· APHIS requires that a phytosanitary certificate be issued by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Panama for each consignment with an additional declaration (AD)  that “ The consignment has been inspected and is found free of <i>Nysius simulans</i>.”..</p>
<p>· Each shipment is subject to inspection upon arrival at the port of entry to the United States.</p>
<p><b>Conclusion
</b></p>
<p>APHIS believes that the phytosanitary measures proposed in this document will result in the effective removal of the potential quarantine pest associated with the importation of fresh false coriander leaves and stems without roots from Panama.  Inspection ensures that various life stages of any pests that are present will be detected.  This is particularly effective against those pests whose later life stages are larger and more readily detected (Borrer <i>et al.</i> 1989). </p>
<p><b>References:</b></p>
<p>Borrer, D.J., Triplehorn, C.A. and N. F. Johnson.  1989.  Introduction to the study of insects, 6 ed.  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, TX
</p>
<p>USDA. 2004.  Importation of False Coriander (<i>Eryngium foetidum</i> L.) into the Continental United States from Panama.  Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Assessment.  USDA, APHIS, CPHST, PERAL, Raleigh, NC. 
</p>
<p>David B Lamb</p>
<p>Import Specialist
</p>
<p>Walter P. Gould
</p>
<p>Senior Risk Manager</p>
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