T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by N i nth C i r c ui tR ul e 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l y f i nds thi s c a s e s ui t abl e f

orde c i s i on w i thout ** o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. MA T I L D A L U C I L L E J I M, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 30174 D . C . N o. 2: 08 -c r- 02 07 0-L R S -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe E a s t e rn D i s tr i c tof W a s hi ngt on L onny R . S uko, C hi e f

D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d D e c e m be r9, 2009 ** S e a tt l e , W a s hi ngt on B efo re: B E E Z E R , G O U L D an d T A L L M A N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. M a t i l daJ i m appe a l s he rc onvi c t i on a nd 51- m onth s e nt e nc e f ora s s a ul tw i th a dang er ou s w eapo n i n v i ol at i on of 18 U . S . C . §§ 11 53 and 1 13 (a )( 3). Ji m ar gu es tha the rF i f

th a nd S i xth A m e ndm e ntr i ght s w e r e vi ol a t e d w he n one of the 

# FI LED DE C 14 2009 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALST he fa ct s of the ca se ar e f am i l i art o the part i es and w e do n otre ci t e them 1 h e r e e x c e p t a s n e c e s s a ry to e x p la in o u rd e c is io n . 2 gove rnm e nt ’ s w i tne s s e s r e f e rr e d t o the s ubs t a nc e of s t a t e m e nt s m a de a tthe s c e ne o f th e assau l tb y w i tn esses w h o d i d n o tap p ear attri al . T h i s t est i m o n y, Ji m arg u es, vi ol at ed her S i xth A m endm entri gh tt o con fr on tthe w i tness es agai nsther a nd her due pr oc e s s r i ghtt o atr i a l f r e e f r om gove rnm e ntvouc hi ng. F i na l l y , J i m c ont e nds th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t e rr e d in in c r e a s in g h e rb a s e o f f e n s e s c o r e b y s ix le v e ls d u e to the s e ve r i ty of

the vi c t i m ’ s i nj ur i e s . W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on unde r28 U . S . C . § 1291, a n d w e a f

f i rm. J i m ’ s F i f th a nd S i xth A m e ndm e ntc l a i m s r e l y on the s a m e i nf e r e nc e f r om O f f i c e rP i e l ’ s t e s t i m ony . O f f i c e rP i e l t e s t i f

i e d tha the s poke w i th w i tne s s e s a tthe 1 s c e n e a n d in c lu d e d th e irs ta te m e n ts in h is p o lic e r e p o r t. J im c la im s th a t th is t e s t i m ony i ndi c a t e d: ( 1) tha tO f f i c e rP i e l i nt e rvi e w e d w i tne s s e s i n a ddi t i on t o the f ourw ho t e s t i f

i e d a ttr i a l , a nd ( 2) tha tthe a ddi t i ona l w i tne s s e s na m e d J i m a s the a g g r e s s o rin th e f

ig h t. A fterca re fu ll y r ev iew in g th e r ec o rd , w e d eter m in e, co n trar y to Jim ’s a r gum e nt , tha tO f

f i c e rP i e l m a de no r e f

e r e nc e t o s t a t e m e nt s m a de by a ny nont e s t i f y i ng w i tne s s . W he r e the r e i s no non- t e s t i f y i ng w i tne s s , the r e c a n be no v io la tio n o f

J im ’s r ig h t to c o n f

r o n t th a t w itn e s s . Se e Cr aw f or d v . W as hi ngton , 5413

U . S . 36 , 51 (200 4) (hol di ng that“ [t ] he t extof the C on fr on t at i on C l ause . . . appl i es to ‘w itn e s s e s ’ a g a in s t th e a c c u s e d

— in o th e rw o r d s , th o s e w h o ‘b e a rte s tim o n y ’” ) . S i m i l ar l y, because the re cord do es no tsupp ortJi m ’ s r ea di ng of O ff i ce r P ie l’s te s tim o n y , w e f

in d n o m e r it in h e rF if

th A m e n d m e n t v o u c h in g c la im . V o u c h in g o c c u r s w h e r e a p r o s e c u to r“in d ic a te s th a t in f o rm a tio n n o t p r e s e n te d to the j ury s up po rt s the w i tness ’ s t es t i m on y. ” U ni ted Stat es v. H

erm an ek , 289 F . 3d 10 76 , 10 98 (9th C i r. 20 02 ). Ji m ar gu es thatO ff i ce r P i el ’ s t es t i m on y i m pl i ed that no n-t es t i fy i ng w i tness es l abel ed Ji m as the cul pabl e party i n the fi gh t . T he re cord c ont a i ns no r e f

e r e nc e t o non- t e s t i f

y i ng w i tne s s e s , how e ve r , s o the r e i s no ba s i s f or J i m’ s v o u c h i n g c l a i m. J i m ’ s f i na l c l a i m of

e rr ori nvol ve d the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s appl i c a t i on of a s i xl e ve l i nc r e a s e t o he rba s e of f e ns e s c or e be c aus e of

the s e ve r i ty of

the i nj ury t o the v ic tim ’s f

a c e . See U . S . S en t en ci n g G u i d el i n es § § 2 A 2 . 2 (b )(3 ); 1 B 1 . 1 cm t . n n . 1 (J) & 1( L ) . T he di s tr i c tc our tf ound tha tthe vi c t i m ’ s f

a c i a l s c a rc ons t i tut e d “ obvi ous di s f i gur e m e nt , ” a f

i ndi ng tha ti s notc l e a r l y e rr one ous gi ve n the t e s t i m ony tha tthe vi c t i m r e qui r e d 72 s t i t c he s a nd not i c e s the s c a rda i l y . T he di s tr i c tc our t ’ s de c i s i on to ap p ly th e s ix - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t, r a th e rth a n th e f iv e - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t J im urged o r the se ven-l evel enhancem entthatthe di stri ctcourtal so consi dere d, w as4

n o t a n ab u s e o f

d is c r e tio n . Se e U

ni te d State s v . R odr i

guez - Cr uz , 255 F . 3d 1054, 10 59 (9th C i r. 20 01 ). AF F I RME D.