This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A14-0990

Bio Wood Processing, LLC, 

Relator, 

vs. 

Rice County Board of Commissioners, 

Respondent.

Filed April 13, 2015

Reversed and remanded

Johnson, Judge

Rice County Board of Commissioners

Dustan J. Cross, Matthew C. Berger, Gislason & Hunter LLP, New Ulm, Minnesota (for 

relator)

Paul D. Reuvers, Nathan C. Midolo, Iverson Reuvers Condon, Bloomington, Minnesota 

(for respondent)

Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and 

Larkin, Judge. 
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U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

JOHNSON, Judge

Bio Wood Processing, LLC, applied for an amended conditional-use permit that 

would be less restrictive than an existing conditional-use permit. The Rice County 

Planning Commission recommended that the Rice County Board of Commissioners deny 

the application. The board followed the recommendation by denying the application. 

We conclude that the county did not comply with a county ordinance that requires the 

planning commission to make formal findings of fact on the record. Therefore, we 

reverse and remand for further proceedings.

FACTS

Bio Wood recycles wood products into animal bedding and mulch. Bio Wood 

conducts its operations at one facility in Rice County, near the city of Faribault, in a 

location that the county has determined to be within the urban-reserve zoning district. In 

that zoning district, the county designates the operations of agriculturally oriented 

businesses such as Bio Wood as conditional uses, which require a conditional-use permit 

(CUP). Rice County Zoning Ordinance (RCZO) §§ 503.05, 508.05 (2012).

In September 2011, Bio Wood applied for and was granted a CUP. The CUP 

allowed the company to grind wood material between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, and between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on Saturdays. The CUP contained 

no other restrictions on Bio Wood’s hours of operation.

In the summer of 2013, Bio Wood applied for an amended CUP. Bio Wood

sought to amend the existing CUP in various ways, including an expansion of its wood-
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grinding hours. The county planning commission voted to recommend approval of the 

application with an expansion of wood-grinding hours to allow a half hour of machinery 

warm-up time beginning at 7:30 a.m. The county board approved the amended CUP but

restricted all of Bio Wood’s operations to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, and 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. on Saturdays.

In April 2014, Bio Wood applied for a second amended CUP. Bio Wood sought 

to amend the existing CUP by proposing a new set of conditions that did not include any 

restrictions on its hours of operation. The planning commission considered Bio Wood’s 

application at a public hearing on May 1, 2014. After receiving comments from Bio 

Wood representatives and residents living near Bio Wood’s facility, the planning 

commission discussed the application. A member of the planning commission moved to 

recommend that the application be denied. By a voice vote, the planning commission 

unanimously approved the motion to recommend denial of the application.

At some time between May 1, 2014, and May 13, 2014, a written report of the 

planning commission was prepared and submitted to the board in preparation for the 

board’s May 13, 2014 meeting. The report is a one-page document, entitled “Findings of 

Fact,” with seven enumerated paragraphs of factual findings.

On May 13, 2014, the board considered Bio Wood’s application at a public 

hearing. A board member moved to adopt the planning commission’s recommendation 

to deny Bio Wood’s application for a second amended CUP. By a voice vote, the board 

unanimously approved the motion to adopt the recommendation to deny the application. 

On the same date, the chair of the board signed a written resolution that reflected the 
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board’s denial of the application and incorporated the seven findings of fact that had been 

submitted to the board. A county staff person certified the resolution as correct on June 

10, 2014, and the resolution was filed with the county recorder the following day.

Bio Wood appeals by way of a writ of certiorari.

D E C I S I O N

Bio Wood argues that the county erred by denying its application for an amended 

CUP. Bio Wood’s challenge is multi-faceted. It argues that (1) the planning commission 

failed to make findings of fact on the record, (2) the board failed to engage in reasoned 

decision-making, (3) the board’s findings are not supported by the factual record, and (4) 

the board treated similarly situated applicants differently.

A county’s land-use decisions are quasi-judicial in nature and, thus, may be 

reviewed on a writ of certiorari. Big Lake Ass’n v. Saint Louis Cnty. Planning Comm’n, 

761 N.W.2d 487, 490 (Minn. 2009); Interstate Power Co., Inc. v. Nobles Cnty. Bd. of 

Comm’rs, 617 N.W.2d 566, 574 (Minn. 2000). On a writ of certiorari, our review is 

limited to an inspection of the record of the inferior tribunal 

in which the court “is necessarily confined to questions 

affecting the jurisdiction of the board, the regularity of its 

proceedings, and, as to merits of the controversy, whether the 

order or determination in a particular case was arbitrary, 

oppressive, unreasonable, fraudulent, under an erroneous 

theory of law, or without any evidence to support it.”

Dietz v. Dodge County, 487 N.W.2d 237, 239 (Minn. 1992) (quoting State ex rel. Ging v. 

Board of Educ. of Duluth, 213 Minn. 550, 571, 7 N.W.2d 544, 556 (1942), overruled on 

other grounds, Foesch v. Independent Sch. Dist. No. 646, 300 Minn. 478, 223 N.W.2d 

371 (1974)).
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We begin by analyzing Bio Wood’s first argument, which effectively challenges 

the “regularity” of the county’s “proceedings.” See id. Bio Wood’s argument is based on 

the following county ordinance:

A public hearing on the application shall be held by 

the Planning Commission after the application has been 

certified as complete. The Planning Commission shall make 

its report to the County Board recommending approval with 

conditions, or disapproval of the proposed conditional use 

permit.

. . . .

The report from the Planning Commission to the 

County Board shall take the form of formal findings on the 

record.

RCZO §§ 503.05(H)(3), (8) (emphasis added). 

Bio Wood contends that the county did not comply with this ordinance because 

the planning commission failed to make “formal findings on the record.” In response, the 

county points to the planning commission’s written report, which contains findings of 

fact. But, as the county concedes, those findings were prepared by county staff after the 

planning commission’s May 1, 2014 hearing and were neither announced nor approved

by the planning commission during one of its meetings. The county nonetheless contends 

that “the ordinance does not require a planning commission member actually write the 

findings themselves or that the findings be read aloud on the record verbatim.”

The parties’ respective arguments are based on different interpretations of the 

phrase “formal findings on the record,” as it appears in section 503.05(H)(8) of the 

county’s ordinances. We interpret an ordinance in the same manner as a statute. In re 
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Haslund, 781 N.W.2d 349, 354 (Minn. 2010). In doing so, our “primary objective” is “to 

ascertain and give effect to the intention” of those who enacted the ordinance. See 

Greene v. Commissioner of Minn. Dep’t of Human Servs., 755 N.W.2d 713, 721 (Minn. 

2008). “The principal method of determining” that intent is “to rely on the plain 

meaning” of an ordinance, which may be discerned by reference to the ordinary meaning 

of words used in the ordinance as well as rules of grammar and syntax and the structure 

of the statute. See State v. Thompson, 754 N.W.2d 352, 355 (Minn. 2008); Occhino v. 

Grover, 640 N.W.2d 357, 359-60 (Minn. App. 2002), review denied (Minn. May 28, 

2002). On certiorari review, we apply a de novo standard of review to matters of the

interpretation of a statute or an ordinance. Braatz v. Parsons Elec. Co., 850 N.W.2d 706, 

710 (Minn. 2014).

The phrase “on the record” is not defined within the Rice County Ordinances. In 

the judicial context, the phrase typically is used to refer to something that occurs or is 

spoken in open court and later is reflected in a transcript of the proceedings. See 

Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage 757 (3d ed. 2009) (sense C); see, e.g., State v. 

Newcombe, 412 N.W.2d 427, 429 (Minn. App. 1987) (referring to statements made “on 

the record”), review denied (Minn. Nov. 13, 1987). In the present context, the plain 

language of section 503.05(H)(8) of the county’s ordinances should be interpreted to 

require the planning commission to make formal findings in the course of a public 

meeting, either by stating them orally or by approving a previously prepared document 

that includes written findings. In fact, the planning commission employed a notary 

public at the May 1, 2014 meeting, and he later prepared a partial transcript, which 
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includes a certification “that the foregoing is a true and correct transcription of said 

portion of” the planning commission’s meeting. But nowhere in that transcript is there 

any mention of the findings of fact that later appeared in the planning commission’s 

written report, nor is there any mention of a document on which those findings are 

printed. The county did not satisfy the plain language of section 503.05(H)(8) of the 

county’s ordinances because county staff prepared written findings after a planning 

commission meeting and submitted the written findings to the county board, without the 

planning commission ever formally adopting the findings “on the record,” either at the 

prior meeting or a subsequent meeting. Thus, we agree with Bio Wood that the county

did not comply with section 503.05(H)(8) when it considered Bio Wood’s application for 

a second amended CUP.

Having concluded that the county failed to follow the procedures in section 

503.05(H)(8) of its ordinances, we next must determine the appropriate remedy. A 

county’s failure to make valid findings may be grounds for reversal and remand for 

further proceedings by which valid findings may be made. For example, in White Bear 

Rod & Gun Club v. City of Hugo, 388 N.W.2d 739 (Minn. 1986), the supreme court 

reversed the city’s decision to deny a special-use permit because the city failed to make

appropriate findings supporting its decision. Id. at 742-43. The supreme court remanded 

the matter to the city council for preparation of “appropriate findings for its decision.” 

Id. at 742. A similar remedy is warranted in this case. 

Thus, we reverse the county board’s decision to deny Bio Wood’s application for a

second amended CUP, and we remand the matter to the county for further proceedings in 
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compliance with the county’s ordinances. In light of Bio Wood’s success on its first 

argument, we need not consider its remaining arguments.

Reversed and remanded.