Exhibit 10.1


 


BITNILE HOLDINGS,
INC.


 


13.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual
Preferred Stock


(par value $0.001 per share)


 


At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement


 


June 14, 2022


 


Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC


110 Front Street, Suite 300


Jupiter, FL 33477


 


Ladies and Gentlemen:


 


BitNile
Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”)
with Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (“Ascendiant”), as follows:


 


1.              Issuance
and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees to issue and sell through or to Ascendiant, shares (the “Placement Shares”)
of the Company’s 13.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred
Stock”), from time to time during the term of this Agreement and on the terms set forth in this Agreement; provided however,
that in no event will the Company issue or sell through Ascendiant such dollar amount of Placement Shares that would exceed $46,400,000
in the aggregate (the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement
Shares issued and sold under this Agreement will be the sole responsibility of the Company and that Ascendiant will have no obligation
in connection with such compliance, provided that Ascendiant follows the lawful trading instructions provided by the Company pursuant
to any Placement Notice in all material respects. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares through Ascendiant will be effected pursuant
to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”), although nothing in this Agreement will be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration
Statement to issue Preferred Stock. Certain capitalized terms used in this Agreement have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 25.


 


The Company has filed with
the SEC, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the
rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No.
333-260618), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares,
to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in
accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules
and regulations thereunder. The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the “Prospectus
Supplement”) to the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement. The Company will furnish to Ascendiant,
for use by it, copies of the prospectus included as part of the registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement,
relating to the Placement Shares. Except when the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, including all documents filed
as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently
filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of the registration statement
pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The base
prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented
by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which the prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company
with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations is herein called the “Prospectus.” Any
reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto will be deemed to refer to and
include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment,”
or “supplement” respecting the Registration Statement or the Prospectus will be deemed to refer to and include the filing
after the execution hereof of any document with the SEC deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”).


 



    	 		 



    	 



    

 





For purposes of this Agreement,
all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or to any amendment or supplement thereto will be deemed to include the
most recent copy filed with the SEC pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System, or if applicable, the Interactive
Data Electronic Application system when used by the SEC (collectively, “EDGAR”).


 


2.              Placements.
Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify
Ascendiant by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares, the period
during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day, and any
minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule
1. The Placement Notice will originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to
each of the other individuals from the Company listed on the schedule) and will be addressed to each of the individuals from Ascendiant
set forth on Schedule 3, as Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice will be effective unless and
until: (a) Ascendiant declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, by notice to the Company
within two (2) Business Days after the receipt of such Placement Notice; (b) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder
have been sold; (c) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice; or (d) the Agreement has been terminated under
the provisions of Section 13. The amount of any discount, commission, or other compensation to be paid by the Company to Ascendiant in
connection with the sale of the Placement Shares will be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. Neither
the Company nor Ascendiant will have any obligation whatsoever respecting a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company
delivers a Placement Notice to Ascendiant and Ascendiant does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above,
and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of Sections 2, 3, and 4 of this
Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.


 


3.              Sale
of Placement Shares by Ascendiant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Ascendiant, for the period specified in
the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules, and regulations and the rules of the NYSE American LLC (the “Exchange”), to sell the
Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. Ascendiant will provide
written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading
Day on which it has sold Placement Shares hereunder, setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable
by the Company to Ascendiant pursuant to Section 2 for such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the
Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by Ascendiant (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that
it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, Ascendiant may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted
by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) and Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities
Act Regulations, including sales made directly on the Exchange or on any other existing trading market or directly to Ascendiant as principal
in negotiated transactions. for the Preferred Stock or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, Ascendiant
may also sell Placement Shares by any other method permitted by law, including in privately negotiated transactions, with the Company’s
consent. “Trading Day” means any day on which Preferred Stock is purchased and sold on the Exchange.


 


4.        
     Suspension of Sales. The Company or Ascendiant may, upon notice to the other party in writing
(including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such
correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by
telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule
3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; provided, however, that such suspension will not affect or impair any party’s
obligations respecting any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a suspension is in effect, any
obligation under Section 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to delivery of certificates, opinions and comfort letters to Ascendiant
shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 will be effective against any other
party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such schedule may be amended from time to
time.


 



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5.           
  Sale
and Delivery to Ascendiant; Settlement.


 


(a)       Sale
of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions
herein set forth, upon Ascendiant’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described
therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, Ascendiant, for the period
specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices
and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Exchange to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount
specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) there
can be no assurance that Ascendiant will be successful in selling Placement Shares; (ii) Ascendiant will incur no liability or obligation
to the Company or any other Person (as defined herein) if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by Ascendiant
to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to
sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement; and (iii) Ascendiant will be under no obligation to purchase Placement
Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by Ascendiant and the Company.


 


(b)       Settlement
of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares
will occur on the second Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which
such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). The Agent shall notify the Company of each sale of Placement Shares
no later than opening day following the Trading Day that the Agent sold Placement Shares. The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the
Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the
aggregate sales price received by Ascendiant, after deduction for: (i) Ascendiant’s commission, discount, or other compensation
for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental
or self-regulatory organization for such sales.


 


(c)       Delivery
of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer
the Placement Shares being sold by crediting Ascendiant’s or its designee’s account (provided Ascendiant will have
given the Company written notice of such designee at least one (1) Business Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust
Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the
parties hereto, which in all cases will be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement
Date, Ascendiant will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same-day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the
Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver
Placement Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of Ascendiant, that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations
set forth in Section 11(a) hereto, it will: (i) hold Ascendiant harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense
(including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company
or its transfer agent (if applicable); and (ii) pay to Ascendiant (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation
to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.


 


(d)       Limitations
on Offering Size. Under no circumstances will the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after
giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement
would exceed the lesser of: (i) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount; or (ii) the
amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized
committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to Ascendiant in writing. Under no circumstances will the Company
cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized
from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee,
and notified to Ascendiant in writing.


 



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6.        
     Representations
and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, Ascendiant that as of the date of this Agreement
and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different date or time:


 


(a)       Registration
Statement and Prospectus. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on the part of Ascendiant that would make such statement untrue,
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under
the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the SEC and has been declared effective under the Securities Act. The
Prospectus Supplement will name Ascendiant as the agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not
received, and has no notice of, any order of the SEC preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement or threatening or
instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby
meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations,
contracts, or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits
to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments
or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the SEC on or prior to the date of this Agreement
have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to Ascendiant and its counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the
later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material
in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which Ascendiant has consented, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
The Preferred Stock is currently listed on the Exchange under the trading symbol “NILE PRD.” Except as disclosed in the Registration
Statement, including the Incorporated Documents, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from
the Exchange to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the Exchange’s listing or maintenance requirements. Except
as disclosed in the Registration Statement, including the Incorporated Documents, or the Prospectus, the Company has no reason to believe
that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.


 


(b)       No
Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement
thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the requirements
of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material
respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will
not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable
Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference
in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not,
when filed with the SEC, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such
document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
The foregoing will not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information
furnished to the Company by Ascendiant specifically for use in the preparation thereof.


 


(c)       Conformity
with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, or any
amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became
or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.


 



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(d)       Financial
Information. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, complied as to form in
all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto
as in effect as of the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
consistently applied, during the periods involved (except: (i) as may be otherwise indicated in such financial statements or the
notes thereto; or (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed
or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries
as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods specified (subject,
in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments that will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate);
the other financial and statistical data respecting the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis
consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma)
that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not included or
incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) do not have any material liabilities or obligations,
direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (including the exhibits
thereto) and the Prospectus that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including exhibits thereto
and Incorporated Documents); and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the
rules and regulations of the SEC) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K
under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.


 


(e)       Conformity
with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to Ascendiant for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to
this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the SEC for filing via EDGAR, except to
the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.


 


(f)       Organization.
Except as set forth on Schedule 6(f), the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing
as a corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or other legal entity, and in good standing under the laws of their
respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly qualified as a foreign corporation
for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease
of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary
to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or
in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the assets, business,
operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity, or results of operations
of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby (a “Material Adverse Effect”).


 


(g)       Subsidiaries.
The subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 4 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), are the Company’s only subsidiaries.
Except as set forth on Schedule 6(g) or the Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of
the Subsidiaries free and clear of any material lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, or other restriction,
and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable, and free of preemptive and similar
rights.


 


(h)       No
Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is: (i) in violation of its charter or bylaws or similar
organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute
such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant, or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, loan agreement, or other similar agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, by which the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are subject;
or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule, or regulation of any court, arbitrator, or governmental
or regulatory authority, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as described in the Prospectus, the
Prospectus Supplement, or the Incorporated Documents, to the Company’s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or
other agreement to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 



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(i)       No
Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
and the Free Writing Prospectuses, if any (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been: (i) any
Material Adverse Effect, or the occurrence of any development that is reasonably likely to result in a prospective Material Adverse Effect,
in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects
of the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) any transaction that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken
as a whole; (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the
Company or any Subsidiary, that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (iv) except as disclosed in the
Prospectus, any material change in the capital stock (other than as a result of the sale of Placement Shares or other than as described
in a proxy statement filed on Schedule 14A or a Registration Statement on Form S-4 and otherwise publicly announced) or outstanding long-term
indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid, or made on
the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above, in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise
disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein).


 


(j)       Capitalization.
The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid, and nonassessable. The Company
has an authorized, issued, and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates
referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options under the Company’s existing stock option plans or changes in the
number of outstanding Common Stock or Preferred Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of
securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock or Preferred Stock outstanding on the date hereof or as a result of the
issuance of Placement Shares), and such authorized capital stock conforms to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus. The description of the Preferred Stock in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in
all material respects. Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the date referred
to therein, the Company did not have reserved or available for issuance any shares of Preferred Stock in respect of options, any rights
or warrants to subscribe for, any securities or obligations convertible into or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue
or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.


 


(k)       Authorization;
Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated
hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid, and binding agreement of
the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that: (i) enforceability may be limited
by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable
principles; and (ii) the indemnification and contribution provisions of Section 11 hereof may be limited by federal or state
securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.


 


(l)       Authorization
of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the
Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein,
will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security
interest, or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest, or other claim arising from an act or omission
of Ascendiant or a purchaser), including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, or other
similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in
all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.


 



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(m)       No
Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration, or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or
any governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and
the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares as contemplated hereby, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations,
orders, and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the bylaws and rules of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares
by Ascendiant.


 


(n)       No
Preferential Rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or Schedule 6(n): (i) no person,
as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has
the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or Preferred Stock or shares
of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common
Stock or Preferred Stock or upon the exercise of options that may be granted from time to time under the Company’s stock option
plans); (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison
pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or Preferred Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities
of the Company from the Company that have not been duly waived respecting the offering contemplated hereby; (iii) no Person has the
right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares;
and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common
Stock or Preferred Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other
securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the
Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise, except for such rights as have been waived
on or prior to the date hereof.


 


(o)       Independent
Public Accountant. Marcum LLP (the “Accountants”), whose reports on the consolidated financial statements of the
Company are filed with the SEC as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference into
the Registration Statement, are and, during the periods covered by its report, were an independent registered public accounting firm within
the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company’s knowledge,
after due inquiry, the Accountants are not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the
“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) respecting the Company.


 


(p)       Enforceability
of Agreements. To the Company’s knowledge, all agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the
Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by the Company
on EDGAR, are legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective
terms, except to the extent that: (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or similar
laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles; and (ii) the indemnification provisions of
certain agreements may be limited be federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, except for any
unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate, would not unreasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(q)       No
Litigation. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or on Schedule 6(q): (i) there are no legal,
governmental, or regulatory actions, suits, or proceedings pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, any legal, governmental, or regulatory
investigations to which the Company, or a Subsidiary, or any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling Persons is a party
or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined
adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and
adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (ii) to the Company’s knowledge,
no actions, suits, or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others against
the Company, a Subsidiary, or any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling Persons that, individually or in the aggregate,
if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) there
are no current or pending legal, governmental, or regulatory, actions, suits, proceedings or, to the Company’s knowledge, investigations
that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus; and (iv) there
are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that
are not so filed.


 



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(r)       Licenses
and Permits. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess
or have obtained all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits, and other authorizations issued by, and have made all
declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local, or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary
for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus (the “Permits”), except where the failure to possess, obtain, or make the same would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus, neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries have received written notice of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification
of any such Permit or have any reason to believe that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except when the failure
to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 




(s)       S-3
Eligibility. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement; and (ii) if applicable, at the time of the most recent
amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective
amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, or form of prospectus), the Company met the
requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, up to the Maximum Amount. As of the close of trading on the Exchange on June
13, 2022, the aggregate market value of the outstanding voting and non-voting common equity (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities
Act) of the Company held by persons other than affiliates of the Company (pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, those that directly,
or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control, or are controlled by, or are under common control with, the Company) (the “Non-Affiliate
Shares”), was approximately $212,241,427.57 (calculated by multiplying (x) the highest price at which the common equity of the
Company closed on the Exchange within sixty (60) days prior to the date of the Agreement, times (y) the number of Non-Affiliate Shares
currently issued and outstanding).  The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has
not been a shell company for at least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed
current Form 10 information (as defined in General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously
reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.



 


(t)       No
Material Defaults. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries
has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults,
individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in the Registration
Statement and Prospectus, the Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing of
its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it: (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred
stock; or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases,
which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(u)       Certain
Market Activities. Neither the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective directors, officers, or controlling
Persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause or result
in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the
sale or resale of the Placement Shares.


 



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(v)       Broker-Dealer
Relationships. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or any related entities: (i) are required to register as a “broker”
or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act; or (ii) directly or indirectly through one or more
intermediaries, control or are a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member” (within
the meaning set forth in the FINRA rules). To the Company’s knowledge, there are no affiliations or
associations between any member of FINRA and any of the Company’s officers, directors or 5% or greater security holders, except
as set forth in the Registration Statement. All of the information (including, but not limited to, information regarding affiliations,
security ownership and trading activity) provided to Ascendiant or its counsel by the Company, its officers and directors and the holders
of any securities (debt or equity) or warrants, options or rights to acquire any securities of the Company in connection with the filing
to be made and other supplemental information to be provided to FINRA pursuant to Rule 5110 of FINRA in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement is true, complete and correct, and copies of any Company filings required to be filed with FINRA have been
filed with the Commission or delivered to the Sales Agent for filing with FINRA.


 


(w)       No
Reliance. The Company has not relied upon Ascendiant or legal counsel for Ascendiant for any legal, tax, or accounting advice in connection
with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.


 


(x)       Taxes.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local, and foreign tax returns that have been required to be filed
and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in
good faith, except when the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed
in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries that has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state, or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty, or assessment that has been or might
be asserted or threatened against it that could have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(y)       Title
to Real and Personal Property. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have good and defensible title to all of their real and personal
property owned by them that are material to the business of the Company or such Subsidiary, or to the Company’s financial condition,
in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, and defects, except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus
or that do not materially affect the value of the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and do
not interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such properties by the Company and its Subsidiaries,
considered as one enterprise; and all of the leases, subleases, and other rights under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds
or uses properties described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus are in full force and effect, with such exceptions as would
not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any notice of any
material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or its Subsidiaries under any of the
leases, subleases, and other rights mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof to
the continued possession or use of the leased or subleased premises or the premises granted by leases, subleases, and other rights. The
Company and each of its Subsidiaries have the consents, easements, rights-of-way, or licenses from any Person as are necessary to enable
them to conduct their business in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, subject to such qualifications
as may be set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and except for the consents, easements, rights-of-way, or licenses
the lack of which would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.


  



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(z)       Intellectual
Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, the Company and its
Subsidiaries own or possess adequate enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks (both registered and unregistered),
service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, and know-how (including trade secrets
and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems, or procedures) (collectively, the “Intellectual
Property”), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted as of the date hereof, except to the extent
that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in writing to Ascendiant, the Company and any of its Subsidiaries have
not received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict that asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement
or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to the Company’s
knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company or its Subsidiaries challenging the Company’s
or its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ material
patents, patent applications, or proprietary information; to the Company’s knowledge, no other entity or individual has any right
or claim in any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ owned, material patents, patent applications, or any patent to be issued
therefrom by virtue of any contract, license, or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or a Subsidiary
or by any non-contractual obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary, other than by written licenses granted by the Company or a Subsidiary;
the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company or a Subsidiary
in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed, or optioned by the Company or such Subsidiary that, if the subject of an unfavorable
decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 





(aa)       Environmental
Laws. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries: (i) are in compliance
with any and all applicable federal, state, local, and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions, and orders relating to the protection
of human health and safety, the environment, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants, or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental
Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, or other approvals required of them under
applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iii) have
not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous
or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants, or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii), or (iii) above, for any such
failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iv) there are no costs or liabilities arising under Environmental
Laws respecting the operation of the Company’s and each of its Subsidiaries’ properties (including any capital or operating
expenditures required for clean-up or closure of the properties, compliance with Environmental Laws, any permit, license, or approval
or any related legal constraints or operating activities, and any potential liabilities of third parties assumed under contract by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries) that would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(bb)       Disclosure
Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain systems of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable
assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and
to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific
authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate
action is taken respecting any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial
reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company included
in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in
the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for
the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to
the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly during
the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared.
The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within
90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the “Evaluation Date”).
The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have
been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the
Securities Act). Except as disclosed in the Company’s public filings with the SEC, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s
“internal controls over financial reporting” and “disclosure controls and procedures” are effective.


 



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(cc)       Sarbanes-Oxley.
There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s directors
or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the
Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable)
has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act respecting all reports, schedules, forms, statements,
and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the SEC. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal
executive officer” and “principal financial officer” will have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.


 


(dd)       Finder’s
Fees. Except as set forth on Schedule 6(dd), neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder’s
fees, brokerage commissions, or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist
respecting Ascendiant pursuant to this Agreement.


 


(ee)       Labor
Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge
of the Company, is threatened that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(ff)       Investment
Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement
Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” as such
terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and the Company
and its Subsidiaries and will conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become subject to the Investment Company Act.


 


(gg)       Operations.
The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping
and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of
all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder, and any related or similar
rules, regulations, or guidelines, issued, administered, or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company (collectively,
the “Money Laundering Laws”), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and
no action, suit, or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, or body or any arbitrator involving the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries respecting the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.


 


(hh)      Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements, and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to
the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including any structural finance, special purpose,
or limited purpose entity (each, an “Off Balance Sheet Transaction”) that could reasonably be expected to affect materially
the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources, including those Off Balance Sheet Transactions
described in the SEC’s Statement about Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations
(Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to be described in the Prospectus that have not been described as required.


 


(ii)         Underwriter
Agreements. Except as set forth on Schedule 6(ii), the Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any
other “at-the-market” or continuous equity transaction.


 



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(jj)       ERISA.
To the knowledge of the Company: (i) each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered, or contributed to by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries (other than a Multiemployer Plan, within the meaning of Section 3(37) of ERISA) for employees or former employees
of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable
statutes, orders, rules, and regulations, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);
(ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred respecting any
such plan (excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption); and (iii) for each such plan that
is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated funding deficiency” as
defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan
(excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) equals or exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such
plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, other than, in the case of (i), (ii), and (iii) above, as would reasonably be
expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(kk)     Margin
Rules. Neither the issuance, sale, and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company
as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U, or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.


 


(ll)       Insurance.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and
each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their properties and as is customary for companies of similar
size engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.


 


(mm)    No Improper
Practices. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries or any of their respective executive
officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose
any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state,
municipal, or foreign office or other Person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character
required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to
the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders
of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between
or among the Company or any Subsidiary or any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, or directors
of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) except as described in the Prospectus, there are
no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge,
any Subsidiary to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of
them; and (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock or Preferred Stock to any Person
with the intent to influence unlawfully: (1) a customer or supplier of the Company or any Subsidiary to alter the customer’s
or supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or any Subsidiary; or (2) a trade journalist or publication to write
or publish favorable information about the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective products or services; and (vi) neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary has made
any payment of funds of the Company or any Subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule, or regulation (including
the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt, or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in
the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.


 


(nn)       Status
under the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at the
times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.


 


(oo)       No
Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of
each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 25 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted,
conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated
document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in
or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by
Ascendiant specifically for use therein.


 



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(pp)       No Conflicts.
None of the execution of this Agreement; the issuance, offering, or sale of the Placement Shares; the consummation of any of the transactions
contemplated herein; or the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof will conflict with or result in a breach of
any of the terms and provisions of; constitute or will constitute a default under; or has resulted in or will result in the creation or
imposition of any lien, charge, or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other
agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except: (i) such
conflicts, breaches, or defaults as may have been waived; and (ii) such conflicts, breaches, and defaults that would not reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the organizational or
governing documents of the Company or in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule, or regulation applicable
to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state, or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over
the Company, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(qq)        Regulatory
Compliance.


 


(i)       Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (each, an “Entity”) nor any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate,
or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity that is owned or controlled by any director, officer, employee,
agent, affiliate, or representative of the Entity that is:


 


(1)       the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United
Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”);
or


 


(2)       located,
organized, or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including Burma/Myanmar, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan
and Syria).


 


(ii)       The
Company, on behalf of each Entity, represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, use, lend, contribute, or otherwise
make available the proceeds of the offering governed by this Agreement to any subsidiary, joint venture partner, or other director, officer,
employee, agent, affiliate, or representative of the Entity:


 


(1)       to
fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or
facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or


 


(2)       in
any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether
as underwriter, advisor, investor, or otherwise).


 


(iii)       Except
as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past five years, the Entity has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and
will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction
is or was the subject of Sanctions.


 


(rr)       Stock
Transfer Taxes. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) that are required to be paid
in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided
for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in all material respects.


 



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Any certificate signed by an
officer of the Company and delivered to Ascendiant or to counsel for Ascendiant pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement will
be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to Ascendiant as to the matters set forth therein.
The Company acknowledges that Ascendiant and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 7 hereof, counsel to the
Company and counsel to Ascendiant, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to
such reliance.


 


7.              Covenants
of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with Ascendiant that:


 


(a)       Registration
Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares
is required to be delivered by Ascendiant under the Securities Act (including in circumstances when such requirement may be satisfied
pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act): (i) the Company will notify Ascendiant promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment
to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the SEC and/or has become effective
or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the SEC for any amendment or supplement to the Registration
Statement or Prospectus or for additional information; (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the SEC, promptly upon Ascendiant’s
reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in Ascendiant’s reasonable opinion,
may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by Ascendiant (provided, however, that
the failure of Ascendiant to make such request will not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect Ascendiant’s
right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy
Ascendiant will have respecting the failure to make such filing will be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment
or supplement is filed); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus
relating to the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to Ascendiant within a reasonable period of time before the
filing and Ascendiant has not reasonably objected thereto within two (2 Business Days (provided, however, that the failure
of Ascendiant to make such objection will not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect Ascendiant’s
right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy
Ascendiant will have respecting the failure by the Company to provide Ascendiant with such copy will be to cease making sales under this
Agreement) and the Company will furnish to Ascendiant at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed
to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the
Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the SEC as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph
of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the SEC
as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement
with the SEC under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, will be made exclusively
by the Company).


 


(b)       Notice
of SEC Stop Orders. The Company will advise Ascendiant, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance
or threatened issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the
qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding
for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain
its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise Ascendiant promptly after it receives any request by the
SEC for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.


 



    	 	- 14 -	 



    	 



    




 


(c)       Delivery
of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered
by Ascendiant under the Securities Act respecting the offer and sale of the Placement Shares (including in circumstances where such requirement
may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), the Company will
comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective
due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to
Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d), or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from
the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with
the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the SEC pursuant to said Rule 430A and to notify Ascendiant promptly of all such
filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented
would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during the Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement
the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify Ascendiant to suspend the
offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus
(at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company
may delay any amendment or supplement, if in the sole discretion of the Company, it is in the Company’s best interest to do so.


 


(d)       Listing
of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to cause
the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.


 


(e)       Delivery
of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to Ascendiant and its counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies
of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements
to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the SEC during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents
filed with the SEC during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable
and in such quantities as Ascendiant may from time to time reasonably request and, at Ascendiant’s request, will also furnish copies
of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company will
not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to Ascendiant to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.


 


(f)       Earnings
Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than
15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies
the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act. The Company’s compliance with the reporting requirements of
the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy this Section 7(f).


 


(g)       Use
of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds substantially as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use
of Proceeds.”


 



    	 	- 15 -	 



    	 



    

 





(h)       Notice
of Other Sales. Without the prior written notice to Ascendiant, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell,
contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Preferred Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant
to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Preferred Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire,
Preferred Stock during the period beginning on the second Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered
to Ascendiant hereunder and ending on the second Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date respecting Placement Shares
sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement
Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at-the-market”
offering sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Preferred Stock (other than the Placement Shares
offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Preferred Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase
or acquire, Preferred Stock prior to the later of the termination of this Agreement and the
earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to Section 13(b)(ii); (ii) the
date on which Ascendiant terminates this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(c) or (iii) the thirtieth day
immediately following the final Settlement Date respecting Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice; provided, however,
that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of: (1) Preferred Stock, options
to purchase Preferred Stock or Preferred Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, pursuant to any employee or director stock option
or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Preferred Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits
in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (2) Preferred Stock issuable upon
conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the
Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to Ascendiant; and (3) Preferred Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable
for Preferred Stock as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations, licensing agreements or strategic alliances,
or offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, strategic partners or potential strategic partners who
are qualified institutional buyers and not more than three Persons that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of such
term under paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), or (a)(8) of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and otherwise conducted in a manner
so as not to be integrated with the offering of Preferred Stock hereby.


 


(i)       Change
of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice, advise Ascendiant promptly after it will
have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any
opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to Ascendiant pursuant to this Agreement.


 


(j)       Due
Diligence Cooperation. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by Ascendiant or its representatives
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including providing information and making available documents and senior corporate
officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices or such other location mutually agreed to by the
parties, as Ascendiant may reasonably request.


 


(k)       Required
Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act requires, the Company
will: (i) file a prospectus supplement with the SEC under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each
and every filing under Rule 424(b), a “Filing Date”), which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant
period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through Ascendiant, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company
to Ascendiant respecting such Placement Shares; and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each
exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.


 


(l)       Representation
Dates; Certificate. On the date of this Agreement and each time the Company:


 


(i)       files
the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering
of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means
of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;


 


(ii)       files
an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A that contains restated financial statements);


 


(iii)       files
a quarterly report on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or


 


(iv)       files
a current report on Form 8-K containing amended audited financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant
to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of
certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange
Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) will be a “Representation Date”);


 



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the Company will furnish
Ascendiant (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if Ascendiant reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form
8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. The requirement to provide a certificate under this
Section 7(l) will be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver will
continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter will
be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date; provided, however, that such waiver will
not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the
Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not
provide Ascendiant with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or Ascendiant sells
any Placement Shares, the Company will provide Ascendiant with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, dated the
date of the Placement Notice.


 


(m)       Legal
Opinion. On the date of this Agreement and within five Trading Days after each Representation Date for which the Company is obligated
to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A for which no waiver is applicable, the Company will cause to
be furnished to Ascendiant written opinions of Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP (“Company Counsel”), or other counsel reasonably
satisfactory to Ascendiant, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Ascendiant and its counsel; provided, however,
the Company will be required to furnish to Ascendiant no more than one opinion hereunder per calendar quarter; provided, further,
that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, Company Counsel may furnish Ascendiant with a letter
(a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that Ascendiant may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this Section 7(m)
to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion will be deemed to relate
to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).


 


(n)       Comfort
Letters. Prior to the issuance of the first Placement Notice and within five Trading Days after each Representation Date, other than
pursuant to Section 7(l)(iii), for which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
A for which no waiver is applicable, the Company will cause its Accountants to furnish Ascendiant letters (the “Comfort Letters”),
dated the date the Comfort Letters are delivered, which will meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n). The Comfort
Letter from each of the Accountants will be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Ascendiant: (i) confirming that they
are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB; (ii) stating, as of such date,
the conclusions and findings of such firm respecting the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’
“comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial
Comfort Letter”); and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the
Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.


 


(o)       Secretary’s
Certificate. On the date of this Agreement, Ascendiant shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate
Secretary, certifying as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the Bylaws of the Company, (iii) the
resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company (or a committee thereof) authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the issuance of the Placement Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement
and the other documents contemplated by this Agreement.


 


(p)       Market
Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly: (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes
or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of Preferred Stock; or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Preferred Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone
any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than Ascendiant.


 



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(q)       Investment
Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries
will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required to be registered as an “investment company,”
as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.


 


(r)       No
Offer to Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and Ascendiant in its capacity as agent
hereunder, neither Ascendiant nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than Ascendiant in its capacity as such)
will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve, or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act),
required to be filed with the SEC, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.


 


(s)       Sarbanes-Oxley
Act. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting their assets and maintain internal
accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and including those policies
and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s
directors’ authorization; and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition,
use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries
will maintain such controls and other procedures, including those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the
applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the periods specified in the SEC’s
rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the
reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its
principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or individuals performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known
to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.


 


8.              Representations
and Covenants of Ascendiant. Ascendiant represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange
Act, and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states
in which Ascendiant is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Ascendiant will continue, for the term
of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act, and the applicable statutes and regulations
of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which Ascendiant is exempt from registration
or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. Ascendiant will comply with all applicable law and
regulations in connection with the Placement Shares, including Regulation M.


 


9.              Payment
of Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including: (i) the
preparation, filing, including any fees required by the SEC, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements
and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto and each Free Writing Prospectus, in such number as Ascendiant
will reasonably deem necessary; (ii) the printing and delivery to Ascendiant of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required
in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance, or delivery of the Placement Shares; (iii) the preparation, issuance,
and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to Ascendiant, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any
capital duties, stamp duties, or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance, or delivery of the Placement Shares to Ascendiant;
(iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants, and other advisors to the Company; (v) the fees and expenses of
the transfer agent and registrar for the Preferred Stock; (vi) the filing fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the
sale of the Placement Shares; (vii) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the
Exchange; (viii) usual and customary transaction, ticket, and similar charges; (ix) $30,000 of the due diligence fees and expenses of
Ascendiant’s legal counsel initially and, thereafter, the reasonable fees and expenses of Ascendiant’s legal counsel up to
$5,000 incurred in connection with quarterly and annual bring-downs required hereunder.


 



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10.              Conditions
to Ascendiant’s Obligations. The obligations of Ascendiant hereunder respecting a Placement will be subject to the continuing
accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company in all
material respects of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by Ascendiant of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its reasonable
judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by Ascendiant in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:


 


(a)       Registration
Statement Effective. The Company shall at all times maintain in effect the Registration Statement, which will be available for the
sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.


 


(b)       No
Material Notices. None of the following events will have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request
for additional information from the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the
Registration Statement the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company
of any notification respecting the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for
sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event
that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration
Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.


 


(c)       No
Misstatement or Material Omission. Ascendiant will not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or
any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in Ascendiant’s reasonable opinion is material, or
omits to state a fact that in Ascendiant’s opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading.


 


(d)       Material
Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the SEC, there will not
have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse
Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(e)       Legal
Opinion. Ascendiant will have received the opinions of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(m) on or
before the date on which such delivery of such opinions is required pursuant to Section 7(m).


 


(f)       Comfort
Letters. Ascendiant will have received the Comfort Letters required to be delivered pursuant Section 7(n) on or before the
date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).


 


(g)       Representation
Certificate. Ascendiant will have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the
date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).


 



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(h)       Secretary’s
Certificate. Ascendiant will have received the Secretary’s certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(o)
on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(o).


 


(i)       No
Suspension. Trading in the Preferred Stock will not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Preferred Stock will not have been
delisted from the Exchange.


 


(j)       Other
Materials. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l), the Company will
have furnished to Ascendiant such appropriate further information, certificates, and documents as Ascendiant may reasonably request and
that are usually and customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection with a securities offering. All such opinions, certificates,
letters, and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish Ascendiant with such conformed
copies of such opinions, certificates, letters, and other documents as Ascendiant will reasonably request.


 


(k)       Securities
Act Filings Made. All filings with the SEC required by Rule 424 with respect to the Placement Shares under the Securities Act to have
been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder will have been made within the applicable period prescribed for such
filing by Rule 424.


 


(l)       Approval
for Listing. The Placement Shares will either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance,
or the Company will have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any
Placement Notice.


 


(m)       No
Termination Event. No event will have occurred that would permit Ascendiant to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 13(a).


 


11.           Indemnification
and Contribution.


 


(a)       Company
Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Ascendiant, its partners, members, directors, officers, employees,
and agents and each Person, if any, who controls Ascendiant within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20
of the Exchange Act as follows:


 


(i)       against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage, and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission
or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;


 


(ii)       against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount
paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided
that any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent will not unreasonably be delayed or withheld;
and


 


(iii)       against
any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating,
preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent
that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above;


 



    	 	- 20 -	 



    	 



    

 





provided,
however, that this indemnity agreement will not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage, or expense to the extent arising
out of Ascendiant’s gross negligence or willful misconduct or any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission
made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by Ascendiant expressly for use in the
Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment
or supplement thereto).


 


(b)           Ascendiant
Indemnification. Ascendiant agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who
signed the Registration Statement, and each Person, if any, that: (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the
Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act; or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any
and all loss, liability, claim, damage, and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 11(c), as incurred, but only
respecting untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments
thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished to the Company in writing by Ascendiant expressly for use therein.


 


(c)           Procedure.


 


(i)       Any
party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 11 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section
11, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission
so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from: (1) any liability that it might have to any indemnified
party otherwise than under this Section 11; and (2) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing
provision of this Section 11 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture or material impairment
of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party.


 


(ii)       If
any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying
party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly
after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly
notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the
indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified
party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred
by the indemnified party in connection with the defense.


 


(iii)       The
indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel
will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless: (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized
in writing by the indemnifying party; (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there
may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
party; (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on
behalf of the indemnified party); or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action
within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements
and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties.


 



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(iv)       It
is understood that the indemnifying party or parties will not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction,
be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction
at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements, and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying
party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable
detail.


 


(v)       An
indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No
indemnifying party will, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of
any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action, or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 11
(whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent: (i) includes an unconditional
release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding, or claim; and (ii) does
not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability, or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.


 


(d)           Contribution.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs
of this Section 11 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or
Ascendiant, the Company and Ascendiant will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses, and damages (including any
investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit
or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from Persons other than Ascendiant,
such as Persons that control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration
Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and Ascendiant may be subject in
such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and Ascendiant, on the other
hand. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and Ascendiant, on the other hand, will be deemed to be in the same
proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to
the total compensation received by Ascendiant (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company.
If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution
will be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but
also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and Ascendiant, on the other hand, respecting the statements or omission that
resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations
respecting such offering. Such relative fault will be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or
Ascendiant, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement
or omission. The Company and Ascendiant agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 11(d)
were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations
referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage,
or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 11(d) will be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section
11(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any
such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 11(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(d),
Ascendiant will not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no Person
found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution
from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 11(d), any Person who controls
a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of Ascendiant,
will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement
will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution,
promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be
made under this Section 11(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to
so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under
this Section 11(d) except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights
or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section
11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution respecting any action or claim settled without its written consent if such
consent is required pursuant to Section 11(c) hereof.


 



    	 	- 22 -	 



    	 



    

 





12.            Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of this Agreement and
all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto will survive, as of their respective
dates, regardless of: (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of Ascendiant, any controlling Persons, or the Company (or any of
their respective officers, directors, or controlling Persons); (b) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor;
or (c) any termination of this Agreement.


 


13.           Termination.


 


(a)       Ascendiant
may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time: (i) if there has been, since the time
of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any
development has occurred that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or in the sole judgment of Ascendiant makes it impractical
or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares; (ii) if there has occurred
any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities
or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international
political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of Ascendiant, impracticable
or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares; (iii) if trading in the
Preferred Stock has been suspended or limited by the SEC or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or
limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange; (iv) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the
Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market will have occurred and be continuing; (v) if a major disruption of securities
settlements or clearance services in the United States will have occurred and be continuing; or (vi) if a banking moratorium has
been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination will be without liability of any party to any other
party except that the provisions of Section 9 (Expenses), Section 11 (Indemnification), Section 12 (Survival of Representations),
Section 18 (Applicable Law; Waiver of Jury Trial), and Section 19 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof will remain in full force
and effect notwithstanding such termination. If Ascendiant elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 13(a),
Ascendiant will provide the required notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices).


 


(b)          (i)       The Company
will have the right, by giving five (5) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion
at any time after the date of this Agreement. 


 


(ii)       If
Ascendiant declines any commercially reasonable placement notice pursuant to Section 2(a) of this Agreement, then the Company will
have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving written notice of termination to Ascendiant. Any such termination will be effective
immediately upon a delivery of a termination notice by the Company to Ascendiant.


 


Any termination
pursuant to Section 13(b) will be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9,
Section 11, Section 12, Section 18, and Section 19 hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding
such termination.


 



    	 	- 23 -	 



    	 



    

 





(c)       Ascendiant
will have the right, by giving 10 days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any
time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination will be without liability of any party to any other party except that the
provisions of Section 9, Section 11, Section 12, Section 18, and Section 19 hereof will remain in full
force and effect notwithstanding such termination.


 


(d)       Unless
earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 13, this Agreement will automatically terminate upon the earlier to occur of: (i) the
one-year anniversary of the date hereof; or (ii) the issuance and sale of all of the Placement Shares through Ascendiant on the terms
and subject to the conditions set forth herein, except that, in either such case, the provisions of Section 9, Section 11,
Section 12, Section 18 and Section 19 hereof will remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.


 


(e)       This
Agreement will remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 13(a), (b), (c), or (d)
above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company will not have any liability to
Ascendiant for any discount, commission, or other compensation respecting any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by Ascendiant under
this Agreement.


 


(f)       Any
termination of this Agreement will be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however,
that such termination will not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by Ascendiant or the Company,
as the case may be. If such termination will occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares
will settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.


 


14.           Notices.


 


(a)       All
notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement
will be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to Ascendiant, will be delivered to:


 


Ascendiant
Capital Markets, LLC


Attention: Managing
Partner


110 Front Street, Suite 300


Jupiter, FL 33477


 


with
a copy to:


 


Clyde
Snow & Sessions, PC


201 S. Main Street,
Suite 2200


Salt Lake City, UT 84111


Attn: Brian A. Lebrecht


 


and if to the Company,
will be delivered to:


 


BitNile
Holdings, Inc.


Attention: Milton Ault,
III, Executive Chairman


11411
Southern Highlands Parkway, Suite 240


Las
Vegas, NV 89141


 


with a copy to:


 


Olshan Frome Wolosky
LLP


Attention: Kenneth A.
Schlesinger, Esq.


1325 Avenue of the Americas,
15th Floor


New York, NY 10019


 



    	 	- 24 -	 



    	 



    

 





(b)       Each
such notice or other communication will be deemed given: (i) when delivered personally on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City
time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day; or (ii) on the next Business
Day after timely delivery to a nationally recognized overnight courier. For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day”
will mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.


 


(c)       An
electronic communication (“Electronic Notice”) will be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 14
if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice will be deemed received
at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic
Notice may request and will be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”),
which will be sent to the requesting party within 10 days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.


 


(d)       Each
party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address
for such purpose.


 


15.            Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and Ascendiant and their respective successors
and the affiliates, controlling persons, partners, members, officers, directors, employees, and agents referred to in Section 11
hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement will be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of
such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their
respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except
as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written
consent of the other party.


 


16.            Adjustments
for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement will be adjusted to
take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected respecting the
Placement Shares.


 


17.            Entire
Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued
pursuant hereto), by and between the Company and Ascendiant constitutes the entire agreement of the parties respecting the subject matter
hereof and thereof and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties
hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof and thereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant
to a written instrument executed by the Company and Ascendiant. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein,
or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction,
then such provision will be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal, and enforceable, and the
remainder of the terms and provisions herein will be construed as if such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable term or provision was not
contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof will
be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.


 


18.            APPLICABLE
LAW; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT
REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES,
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING
TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.


 


19.            CONSENT
TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN
THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY
SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE
OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS
BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED)
TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE WILL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT
SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN WILL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER
PERMITTED BY LAW.


 



    	 	- 25 -	 



    	 



    

 





20.            Use
of Information. Ascendiant may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, including due diligence, for any purpose except in connection with entering into this Agreement and providing services
as distribution agent hereunder, or to advise any party respecting transactions not expressly approved by the Company. Ascendiant acknowledges
that any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to confidentiality
and other restrictions pursuant to the Confidentiality Agreement and agrees to abide by the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement.


 


21.            Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute
one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission.


 


22.            Effect
of Headings. The section and exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and will not affect the construction hereof.


 


23.            Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents, warrants, and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of Ascendiant, and
Ascendiant represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make
any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute
a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the SEC. Any such free writing prospectus
consented to by Ascendiant or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.”
The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer
free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable
to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the SEC where required, legending, and recordkeeping. For the purposes
of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit B hereto are Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses.


 


24.            Absence
of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:


 


(a)       Ascendiant
is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated
by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of
its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and Ascendiant,
on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether
or not Ascendiant has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and Ascendiant has no obligation to the Company respecting
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;


 


(b)       it
is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;


 


(c)       Ascendiant
has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice respecting the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has
consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;


 



    	 	- 26 -	 



    	 



    

 





(d)       it
is aware that Ascendiant and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions that may involve interests that differ from those
of the Company and Ascendiant has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary,
advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; provided that Ascendiant hereby agrees not to engage in any such transaction that would
cause its interests to be in direct conflict with the best interests of the Company; and


 


(e)       it
waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against Ascendiant for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach
of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that Ascendiant will not have any liability
(whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any Person asserting
a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of Ascendiant’s
obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to Ascendiant and Ascendiant’s counsel confidential
to the extent not otherwise publicly available.


 


25.           Definitions.
As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:


 


(a)       “Applicable
Time” means: (i) each Representation Date; and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this
Agreement.


 


(b)       “Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the
Placement Shares.


 


(c)       “Rule
164,” “Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,”
“Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430A,” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433”
refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.


 


(d)       All
references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included,”
or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) will be deemed to mean
and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus, as the case may be.


 


(e)       All
references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing will
be deemed to include the copy filed with the SEC pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
(other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the SEC) will be deemed
to include the copy thereof filed with the SEC pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to
the Prospectus will include any supplements, “wrappers,” or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale,
or private placement of any Placement Shares by Ascendiant outside of the United States.


 


[Signature Page Follows]


 






    	 	- 27 -	 



    	 



    

  


If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding
between the Company and Ascendiant, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter will constitute
a binding agreement between the Company and Ascendiant.


 


Very truly yours,


 


	 	BITNILE HOLDINGS, INC.
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ William B. Horne
	 	Name:	William B. Horne
	 	Title: 	Chief Executive Officer


 


 


ACCEPTED as of the date first-above
written:


 


	 	ASCENDIANT CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Bradley J. Wilhite
	 	Name:	Bradley J. Wilhite
	 	Title: 	Managing Partner


 



    	 	- 28 -	 



    	 



    




 





SCHEDULE 1


 


 


 


_________________________________


 


FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE


 


_________________________________


 


 


 


	From: 	BitNile Holdings, Inc.
	 	 
	To: 	Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC
	 	Attention: Bradley J. Wilhite
	 	 
	Subject: 	At-The-Market Issuance--Placement Notice


 


Gentlemen:


 


Pursuant to the terms and
subject to the conditions contained in the At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement between BitNile Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the “Company”) and Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC (“Ascendiant”), dated June
14, 2022, the Company hereby requests that Ascendiant sell up to ____________ shares of the Company’s
13.00% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a minimum market price of $_______ per
share, during the period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].


 



    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 2


 


 


 


__________________________


 


Compensation


 


__________________________


 


The Company will pay to Ascendiant
in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to three and one-half percent (3.5%) of the gross
proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.


 



    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 3


 


__________________________


 


Notice Parties


 


__________________________


 


 


 


The Company:


 





	Milton C. Ault,
III	
	William B. Horne	
	Henry C. W. Nisser	



 


 


 


 


 





Ascendiant:


 





	Bradley J. Wilhite	


 






    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 4


 


 


 


__________________________


 


Subsidiaries


 


__________________________


 


		1.	Gresham Worldwide, Inc. (f/k/a DPW Technologies Group, Inc.), a Delaware corporation






		2.	Ault Alliance, Inc. (f/k/a DPW Financial Group, Inc.), a Delaware corporation



		3.	TurnOnGreen, Inc. (f/k/a Coolisys Technologies Corp.), a Nevada corporation



		4.	Microphase Corporation, a Delaware corporation



		5.	Digital Power Corporation, a Delaware corporation



		6.	Digital Power Lending, LLC, a California limited liability company



		7.	Gresham Power Electronics Ltd. (f/k/a/ Digital Power Limited), a company organized under the laws of England
and Wales



		8.	BitNile, Inc., a Nevada corporation



		9.	Enertec Systems 2001 Ltd., an Israeli corporation



		10.	Relec Electronics Ltd., a company organized under the laws of England and Wales



		11.	Imperalis Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation



		12.	Tabard Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation



		13.	456 Lux Hotel NYC, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		14.	Alliance Cloud Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		15.	Ault Global Real Estate Equities, Inc., a Nevada corporation



		16.	Ault Global Real Estate Equities, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		17.	Ault Disruptive Technologies Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		18.	Ault Disruptive Technologies Corporation, a Delaware corporation



		19.	Third Avenue Apartments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		20.	Agree Madison, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		21.	Watership Corp., a Nevada corporation



		22.	Ault Media Group, Inc., a Nevada corporation



		23.	FlexiSphere Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation



		24.	Digital Farms, Inc., a Delaware corporation



		25.	I. AM Inc., a Nevada corporation



		26.	It’sLikeFashion.com, Inc., a Delaware corporation



		27.	Flashpoint Digital Media, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		28.	Spyglass Hill Capital Lending Corp., a Delaware corporation



		29.	7675 Walton, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		30.	1801 Deming, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		31.	2226 Deming, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		32.	8400 Market, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company



		33.	Avalanche International, Corp., a Nevada corporation



 






    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 6(n)


 


 


 


__________________________


 


Preferential Rights


 


__________________________



 



    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 6(dd)


 


 


 


__________________________


 


Finder’s Fees


 


__________________________



 






    		 	 



    	 



    




 


SCHEDULE 6(ii)


 


 


 


__________________________


 


Underwriter Agreements


 


__________________________



 






    		 	 



    	 



    

  


Exhibit A


 


Form of Representation Date
Certificate






 


This Officer’s Certificate
(this “Certificate”) is executed and delivered in connection with Section 7(l) of the At-The-Market Issuance Sales
Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated June 14, 2022, and entered into between BitNile
Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and Ascendiant Capital Markets, LLC. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein
shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Agreement


 


The undersigned, a duly appointed
and authorized officer of the Company, having made all necessary inquiries to establish the accuracy of the statements below and having
been authorized by the Company to execute this certificate, hereby certifies as follows:


 


		1.	As of the date of this Certificate, (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein
not misleading and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement
the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading.



 


		2.	Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement were, when originally
made, and are, as of the date of this Certificate, true and correct in all material respects.



 


		3.	Each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date
of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed
in all material respects and each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this
Representation Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material
respects.



 


		4.	Subsequent to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there has been no Material
Adverse Effect.



 


		5.	No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been
issued, and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental
authority (including, without limitation, the Commission).



 


		6.	Gresham Power Electronics Ltd., a private limited company formed and currently existing under the laws
of England and Wales and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, does not engage in or conduct any trade or business within the United
States.



 


The undersigned has executed
this Officer’s Certificate as of the date first written above.


 


 


	 	BITNILE HOLDINGS, INC.
	 	 
	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	Name:	 
	 	Title: