Slip Op. 15-32

UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

________________________________

FENGCHI IMP. & EXP. CO., LTD. : 

OF HAICHENG CITY, FENGCHI : 

REFRACTORIES CO. OF HAICHENG : 

CITY, and FEDMET RESOURCES :

CORPORATION, :

:

Plaintiffs, : Before: Nicholas Tsoucalas, 

 : Senior Judge 

v. :

: Court No.: 13-00166 

UNITED STATES, :

 : 

Defendant, :

:

and :

:

RESCO PRODUCTS, INC., and : 

ANH REFRACTORIES COMPANY, :

:

Defendant-Intervenors.:

OPINION

[Plaintiffs’ motion for judgment on the agency record is denied.] 

Dated:April 13, 2015

Donald B. Cameron, Brady W. Mills, Julie C. Mendoza, Mary S. 

Hodgins, R. Will Planert, and Sarah S. Sprinkle, Morris Manning & 

Martin LLP, of Washington, DC, for plaintiffs.

Melissa M. Devine, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, 

Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, for 

defendant. With her on the brief were Stuart F. Delery, Assistant 

Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Patricia M. 

McCarthy, Assistant Director, and Loren M. Preheim Trial Attorney, 

Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of 

Justice, of Washington, DC. Of counsel on the brief was Devin S. 

Sikes, Attorney, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcement 

& Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce, of Washington, DC. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 2 

Camelia C. Mazard, Robert R. Doyle, Jr., and Andre P. Barlow, Doyle 

Barlow & Mazard PLLC of Washington, DC, for defendant-intervenor 

Resco Products, Inc. 

Joseph W. Dorn and Brian E. McGill, King & Spalding LLP, of

Washington, DC, for defendant-intervenor ANH Refractories Company.

Tsoucalas, Senior Judge: Plaintiffs Fengchi Import and 

Export Co., Ltd. of Haicheng City, Fengchi Refractories Co. of 

Haicheng City, and Fedmet Resources Corporation (collectively 

“Plaintiffs”), move for judgment on the agency record contesting 

defendant United States Department of Commerce’s (“Commerce”)

determination in Certain Magnesia Carbon Bricks From the People’s 

Republic of China: Final Results and Final Partial Rescission of 

Countervailing Duty Administrative Review; 2010, 78 Fed. Reg. 

22,235 (Apr. 15, 2013) (“Final Results”). Commerce and defendantintervenors, Resco Products Inc. and ANH Refractories Company,

oppose Plaintiffs’ motion. For the following reasons, Plaintiffs’

motion is denied.

BACKGROUND

Magnesia carbon bricks (“MCBs”) from the People’s 

Republic of China (“PRC”) are subject to a countervailing duty 

(“CVD”) order. See Certain MCBs From the PRC: CVD Order, 75 Fed. 

Reg. 57,442 (Sept. 21, 2010) (the “Order”). On October 31, 2011, 

Commerce initiated an administrative review of the Order, covering 

sales of subject merchandise between August 2, 2010 and December

31, 2010 (“2010 Administrative Review”). See Initiation of 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 3 

Antidumping and CVD Administrative Reviews and Request for 

Revocation in Part, 76 Fed. Reg. 67,133, 67,139–40 (Oct. 31, 2011). 

Commerce named Fengchi Import and Export Co., Ltd. of Haicheng

City and Fengchi Refractories Co. of Haicheng City, as mandatory 

respondents.1 Id. Fedmet, a domestic importer of Fengchi’s

merchandise, joined the review as an interested party. See Letter 

to Commerce re: CVD Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC, 

Administrative Review (8/2/10–12/31/11): Entry of Appearance and 

APO Application (Oct. 31, 2012), Public Rec. 102 at 1.2

On November 22, 2011, Commerce released U.S. Customs and 

Border Patrol (“CPB”) data, covering Fengchi’s imports of MCBs 

from the PRC made during the period of review (“POR”), and invited 

Fengchi to comment on the data. See Certain MCBs from the PRC: 

Customs Data of U.S. Imports of Certain MCBs, (Nov. 22, 2011), PR 

20 at 1.

On February 21, 2012, Commerce issued a questionnaire to 

the Government of China (“GOC”), with instructions to forward it 

to Fengchi. Letter to GOC re: First Administrative Review of CVD 

1 Fengchi Import and Export Co., Ltd. of Haicheng City is a Chinese 

exporter of MCBs, and Fengchi Refractories Co. of Haicheng City is 

its affiliated producer. See Final Results, 78 Fed. Reg. at 

22,235. Throughout the opinion, the court will refer to them 

collectively as “Fengchi.” 

2 Hereinafter, documents in the public record will be designated 

“PR” and documents in the confidential record designated “CR” 

without further specification except where relevant. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 4 

Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC, PR 65 at 1-2 (Feb. 21, 2012) 

(“Initial Questionnaire”). Commerce insisted that both the GOC 

and Fengchi respond. Id. Commerce requested that Fengchi report 

all domestic and foreign sales of both subject and non-subject

merchandise, as well as total exports of subject and non-subject

merchandise to the United States and other markets during the POR.

See id. at section III. Specifically, Commerce requested 

information on Fengchi’s sales and exports of magnesia alumina 

carbon bricks (“MACBs”) during the POR. See id.

On March 29, 2012, Fengchi informed Commerce that, 

because it had no entries, exports, or sales of subject merchandise 

to the United States during the POR, there was no basis to conduct 

a review of Fengchi and, thus, Commerce should rescind the 

administrative review of the company. See Letter to Commerce re: 

CVD Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC; Administrative Review 

(8/2/10-12/31/10) (Mar. 29, 2012), PR 59 at 1-2. Fengchi insisted 

that because it did not have entries or sales during the POR, its 

letter to Commerce should be considered a complete response. Id. 

at 2. Fengchi asserted that even though the entry data from the 

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (“CBP”) appears to show entries of 

subject merchandise by Fengchi, the company was not in a position 

to account for the entry data. Id. at 3–4.

Concurrent with 2010 Administrative Review, Commerce 

conducted a scope inquiry to determine whether MACBs from the PRC 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 5 

were subject to the Order. See Certain MCBs from the PRC: Issues 

and Decision Memorandum for the Final Results of the 2010–2011

Administrative Review, (Apr. 9, 2013) PR 117 at 1–2 (“IDM”). On 

July 2, 2012, Commerce issued the final results of its scope 

inquiry, finding that MACBs were within the scope of the Order.

See Certain MCBs from the PRC and Mexico: Final Scope Ruling — 

Fedmet Resources Corporation at 1–2, Case Nos. A-201-837, A-570-

954 and C-570-955 (July 2, 2012) (“MACB Scope Ruling”). 

Prior to issuing the MACB Scope Ruling, Commerce placed 

the CBP information on the record regarding Fengchi’s apparent 

entries during the POR and requested comments from Fengchi on the 

data. Mem. re: MCBs from the PRC ( C-570-955): Requests for Entry 

Summaries from CBP, CR 14 at 1 (June 20, 2012). Subsequently, on 

July 2, 2012, in its comments to Commerce’s June 20, 2012 

memorandum, Fengchi explained that its entries were incorrectly 

categorized as subject merchandise by CBP. Letter to Commerce re: 

CVD Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC; Administrative Review 

(8/2/10-12/31/10), CR 15 at 1–6 (July 2, 2012). Fengchi argued 

that the description of the merchandise in these documents supports 

its claim that the company did not have entries of subject 

merchandise during the POR. Id. 

On August 15, 2012, Commerce informed Fengchi that it 

should have responded to its Initial Questionnaire issued on 

February 21, 2012, because the CBP information had been placed on 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 6 

the record and the MACB Scope Ruling had been issued, demonstrating 

that Fengchi had made subject entries during the POR. Letter to 

GOC re: First Administrative Review of CVD Order on Certain MCBs 

from the PRC: Deficiency Letter Regarding Inadequate Questionnaire 

Response, CR 17 at 1–3 (Aug. 15, 2012). Additionally, Commerce 

requested that Fengchi submit information with regards to its sales 

of MACBs during the POR. Id. at 2.

On August 16, 2012, Fengchi submitted a letter to

Commerce objecting to its request, arguing that: (1) Fengchi 

correctly reported that it had no entries of MCBs at the time 

Commerce issued the questionnaire; (2) Commerce’s request 

contradicts the time limits provided in 19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4),

because the request came a month after the final scope 

determination and 289 days after the initiation of this review;

and (3) the request was unfair and burdensome. PR 72 at 1-12. 

Fengchi also filed for an extension of ninety days to respond to 

the questionnaire. PR 73 at 1-5. 

In response to Fengchi requesting an extension of time 

to respond to Commerce’s initial questionnaire, Commerce extended 

the deadline for filing a responses to the Initial Questionnaire 

for both Fengchi and the GOC until October 1, 2012. See Letter to 

Fengchi re: First Administrative Review of the CVD Order on Certain 

MCBs from the PRC: Fengchi's Extension Request, PR 78 at 1 (Aug. 

28, 2012). Subsequently on August 29, 2012, Fengchi informed 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 7 

Commerce that it would not respond to its Initial Questionnaire

arguing that Commerce’s request was contrary to the express terms 

of 19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4) and that Commerce’s untimely request 

to report such sales was unreasonably burdensome and prejudicial.

See Letter to Fengchi re: CVD Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC; 

Administrative Review, PR 81 at 2-3 (Aug. 29, 2012).

On September 11, 2012, Commerce granted Fengchi a final 

opportunity to respond its questionnaire by October 1, 2012, and 

once again Fengchi declined to comply. See Letter to Fengchi re: 

First CVD Administrative Review of Certain MCBs from the PRC, PR 

86 at 1–3 (September 11, 2012); see also Letter to Commerce re: 

CVD Order on Certain MCBs from the PRC; CVD Administrative Review 

(8/02/10-12/31/10), PR 95 at 1–2 (Oct. 1, 2012). 

Commerce issued the preliminary results of the 2010

Administrative Review in October 2012. See Certain MCBs From the 

PRC: 2010 CVD Administrative Review, 77 Fed. Reg. 61,397 (Oct. 9, 

2012) (“Preliminary Results”). See also Decision Memorandum for 

Preliminary Results of CVD Administrative Review: Certain MCBs 

from the PRC, PR 98 (Oct. 1, 2012) (“PRM”). Commerce determined 

that Fengchi’s refusal to provide information on its MACBs sales 

constituted a failure to cooperate with the review to the best of 

its ability and applied total adverse facts available (“AFA”). 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 8 

PRM at 6–9. Commerce assigned a 262.80% dumping margin to 

Fengchi’s sales. PRM at 8. 

Commerce issued the Final Results in April 2013, 

upholding the Preliminary Results in their entirety. Final

Results, 78 Fed. Reg. at 22,236. 

JURISDICTION and STANDARD OF REVIEW 

The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 

1581(c) (2012) and section 516A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Tariff Act of 

1930,3 as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(i) (2012). The court 

will uphold Commerce’s final determination in a countervailing 

duty administrative review unless it is “unsupported by 

substantial evidence on the record, or otherwise not in accordance 

with law.” 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i). Substantial evidence 

“means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 

adequate to support a conclusion.” Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB,

340 U.S. 474, 477 (1951). 

Additionally, when reviewing an agency’s interpretation 

of its regulations, the court must give substantial deference to 

the agency’s interpretation, Michaels Stores, Inc. v. United 

States, 766 F.3d 1388, 1391 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (citing Torrington

Co. v. United States, 156 F.3d 1361, 1363-64 (Fed. Cir. 1998)), 

3 Further citations to the Tariff Act of 1930 are to the relevant 

portions of Title 19 of the U.S. Code, 2012 edition, and all 

applicable amendments thereto.
Court No. 13-00166 Page 9 

according it “‘controlling weight unless it is plainly erroneous 

or inconsistent with the regulation.’” Thomas Jefferson Univ. v. 

Shalala, 512 U.S. 504, 512, (1994) (citations omitted); accord 

Viraj Group v. United States, 476 F.3d 1349, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2007). 

In this context, “[d]eference to an agency’s interpretation of its 

own regulations is broader than deference to the agency’s 

construction of a statute, because in the latter case the agency 

is addressing Congress’s intentions, while in the former it is 

addressing its own.” Viraj, 476 F.3d at 1355 (quoting Gose v. 

U.S. Postal Serv., 451 F.3d 831, 837 (Fed. Cir. 2006).

DISCUSSION

Fengchi contests the following aspects of the Final 

Results: Commerce’s request for sales information on MACBs;

Commerce’s application of AFA; Commerce’s selection of 262.80% as 

the AFA rate. See Pls.’ Br. Supp. Mot. J. Agency R. at 7–23 

(“Pls.’ Br.”). 

As an initial matter, the Court of Appeals for the 

Federal Circuit (“CAFC”) issued an opinion overturning the MACB

Scope Ruling on June 20, 2014, after the completion of briefing in 

this case. See Fedmet Res. Corp. v. United States, 755 F.3d 912, 

914 (Fed. Cir. 2014). Plaintiffs argues in their brief that a 

reversal of the MACB Scope Ruling will resolve the issues in this 

case because “there would be no lawful basis for Commerce to impose 

countervailing duties on [MACBs] under the [Order], and thus, no 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 10 

lawful basis for Commerce to have directed Fengchi to answer the 

CVD questionnaire in the administrative review with respect to 

[MACBs].” Pl.’s Br. 7–8. The court must reject this argument. 

The Fedmet litigation concerned the MACB Scope Ruling. This case 

concerns Commerce’s ability to request information on products 

subject to a scope ruling during an administrative review and its 

imposition of adverse facts available after Fengchi declined to 

comply with that request. Thus, the CAFC’s decision in Fedmet

does not resolve the legal issues raised in the instant case.

I. Commerce’s Request for Information on Fengchi’s MACB Sales 

The first issue before the court is whether Commerce 

properly requested that Fengchi provide information on its sales 

of MACBs during the review. As noted above, Fengchi declined to 

provide such information on the theory that Commerce’s request 

violated 19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4). As a result of Fengchi’s 

refusal to provide information, Commerce imposed AFA based on 

Fengchi’s refusal to provide the information. Plaintiffs claim 

that Commerce’s request was inconsistent with 19 C.F.R. § 

351.225(l)(4) because Commerce issued the scope ruling on MACBs 

245 days after the initiation of the review. Pls.’ Br. at 9.

Alternatively, Plaintiffs claim that even if Commerce’s 

interpretation of the regulation was proper, it was nevertheless 

impractical for Commerce to request that information so late in 

the review. Id. at 15–17. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 11 

A. Commerce’s interpretation of 19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4) 

was reasonable. 

Under 19 C.F.R § 351.225(l)(4), where Commerce issues a 

scope ruling that a product is within the scope of an order within 

ninety days of the initiation of an administrative review of that 

same order, Commerce, “where practicable, will include sales of 

that product for purposes of the review and will seek information 

regarding such sales.” 19 C.F.R § 351.225(l)(4). However, where 

Commerce issues the scope ruling more than ninety days after the 

initiation of the administrative review, Commerce “may consider 

sales of the product for purposes of the review on the basis of 

non-adverse facts available.” Id. “However, notwithstanding the 

pendency of a scope inquiry, if [Commerce] considers it 

appropriate, [Commerce] may request information concerning the 

product that is the subject of the scope inquiry for purposes of 

a review . . . .” Id. 

Here, Commerce issued the scope ruling on MACBs 245 days 

after initiating the administrative review at issue. See PRM at 

6. As noted above, Commerce requested information on Fengchi’s

MACB sales shortly after issuing the scope ruling, see CR 17 at 2, 

but Fengchi declined to provide the information, insisting that 

Commerce’s request was improper. See PR 81 at 2. Commerce 

insisted that its request was consistent with section 

351.225(l)(4) because the regulation does not prohibit Commerce 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 12 

from soliciting information on products that are subject to a scope

ruling issued over ninety days after the review begins. See IDM 

at 11–12. Rather, according to Commerce, the regulation permits 

Commerce to decline to collect information in such situations and 

instead consider sales of the product on the basis of non-adverse 

facts available. Id. 

Plaintiffs insist that Commerce’s reading of section 

351.225(l)(4) is unreasonable. Instead, Plaintiffs suggest that 

the regulation creates a “bright-line rule”: if the scope ruling 

is issued within ninety days of the initiation of the 

administrative review, then Commerce will request information on 

the product subject to that scope ruling if practicable, but if 

the scope ruling is issued more than ninety days after the 

initiation of the review, then Commerce may not request information

on the product and may only consider sales of the product based on 

non-adverse facts available. See Pls.’ Br. at 9–12. According to 

Plaintiffs, Commerce’s interpretation renders the ninety-day time 

limit, and therefore much of the regulation itself, “mere 

surplusage.” Id. at 13. Moreover, Plaintiffs insist that Commerce 

indicated that their reading of the regulation was proper during 

promulgation of the regulation and, in fact, acted in a manner 

consistent with this interpretation in a prior administrative 

review. Id. at 11–15. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 13 

The court must reject Plaintiffs’ interpretation because 

it alters the plain meaning of the regulation. According to 

Plaintiffs, where Commerce issues a scope ruling more than ninety 

days after the initiation of an administrative review, Commerce 

may consider sales of the product for purposes of the review, “but 

only on the basis of non-adverse facts available.” Id. at 8–9 

(emphasis added). This “bright-line rule” reads the word “only” 

into the second sentence of the regulation. However, section 

351.225(l)(4) provides that in such situations, Commerce “may 

consider sales of the product for purposes of the review on the 

basis of non-adverse facts available.” 19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4) 

(emphasis added). The language of the regulation is permissive 

and simply does not proscribe Commerce’s power to request 

information in the manner Plaintiffs suggest.

Furthermore, Plaintiffs reliance on the regulatory 

history of section 351.225(l)(4) is misplaced. According to 

Plaintiffs, Commerce adopted their interpretation of section 

351.225(l)(4) at the preliminary rule making stage. Pls.’ Br. at 

11–13. In particular, Plaintiffs rely on Commerce’s comment that,

when a final scope ruling is issued more than ninety days after 

initiation of a review, it is “not practicable” to collect sales 

information and therefore Commerce “will rely on non-adverse facts 

available.” Id. at 11 (citing Antidumping Duties; CVD: Proposed 

Rules, 61 Fed. Reg. 7308, 7322 (Feb. 27, 1996)). However, Commerce 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 14 

clearly departed from this interpretation by the final rule making 

stage. Commerce stated that section 351.225(l)(4) “provides, 

among other things, that if [Commerce] determines after [ninety]

days of the initiation of a review that a product is included 

within the scope of an order or suspended investigation, [Commerce] 

may decline to seek sales information concerning the product for 

purposes of the review.” Antidumping Duties; CVD: Final Rule, 62 

Fed. Reg. 27,296, 27,330 (May 19, 1997) (“Preamble”). Thus, at 

the final rulemaking stage, Commerce did not limit itself to 

reliance on non-adverse facts available, but instead provided 

itself with flexibility to determine whether to collect 

information. See id.

Plaintiffs also rely on two separate statements by 

Commerce at the final rule making stage to support its 

interpretation. First, Plaintiffs note that Commerce rejected a 

request to extend the ninety-day period when it extends the 

deadline for the preliminary results of a review, indicating that 

Commerce did not intend to collect information where the scope 

ruling is issued after the ninety-day period. See Pls.’ Br. at 

11–12. Plaintiffs misinterpret Commerce’s decision; Commerce 

rejected the request because it generally makes the decision to 

extend a deadline for the preliminary results of a review right 

before that deadline expires and well after the ninety-day period 

ends. Preamble, 62 Fed. Reg. at 27,330. Second, Plaintiffs note 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 15

that Commerce rejected a suggestion that it collect information 

for a subsequent review when the scope ruling is issued after the 

ninety-day period. See Pls.’ Br. at 12. This decision also does

not support Plaintiffs’ argument; Commerce rejected the suggestion 

because it was unwilling to collect information for a future

review. Preamble, 62 Fed. Reg. at 27,330.

Ultimately, Commerce’s interpretation of section 

351.225(l)(4) was consistent with the plain language of the 

regulation. Section 351.225(l)(4) does not proscribe Commerce’s 

power to collect information on a respondent’s sales of a product 

subject to a scope ruling issued over ninety-days after the 

initiation of the review, so long as it is practicable to do so. 

19 C.F.R. § 351.225. It does, however, permit Commerce to decline 

to collect such information and instead rely on non-adverse facts 

available. Id. Contrary to Plaintiffs’ argument, Commerce’s 

interpretation does not render any language in the regulation 

meaningless: if the scope ruling is issued within ninety-days of 

the initiation of the review, Commerce, where practicable, will 

collect information on the product subject to that scope ruling; 

if the scope ruling is issued more than ninety-days after the 

initiation of the review, Commerce may collect information on the 

product, if practicable, but may decline to consider the 

respondent’s information and rely instead on non-adverse facts 

available. See id. As discussed above, this interpretation is 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 16 

consistent with Commerce’s discussion of section 351.225(l)(4)

when promulgating the final rule. See Preamble, 62 Fed. Reg. at 

27,330. Because Commerce’s interpretation of the regulation was 

not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation, the 

court defers to Commerce’s reading of 19 C.F.R § 351.225(l)(4). 

See Thomas Jefferson Univ. v. Shalala, 512 U.S. 504, 512, (1994) 

(citations omitted); accord Viraj Group v. United States, 476 F.3d 

1349, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2007).

B. Commerce reasonably determined that it was practicable to 

request MACBs sales information. 

Having determined that Commerce’s interpretation of 

section 351.225(l)(4) was reasonable, the court now considers 

whether it was practicable for Commerce to request information on 

Fengchi’s MACBs sales. Plaintiffs insist that there was not 

sufficient time remaining in the review for Commerce to consider 

Fengchi’s sales of MACBs. Pls.’ Br. at 15–17.

The court must reject Plaintiffs’ assertion because it

was practicable for Commerce to request information on Fengchi’s 

MACB sales in this proceeding. Here, Commerce sent Fengchi the 

Initial Questionnaire on February 21, 2012, PR 65 at 1–2, well 

before the October 1, 2012 deadline for its preliminary 

determination. PRM at 3. Commerce repeatedly offered to extend 

the deadline for Fengchi to provide the requested information. 

See, e.g., CR 17 at 1, PR 71 at 1. As discussed above, Commerce
Court No. 13-00166 Page 17 

also offered Fengchi one final opportunity to comply on September 

11, 2012, but once again, Fengchi declined to provide its MACB 

sales information. See PR 86 at 1–3. 

Accordingly, because it was practicable to consider 

Fengchi’s MACBs sales at the time of the MACB Scope Ruling,

Commerce reasonably requested that data during the review.4 See

19 C.F.R. § 351.225(l)(4). 

II. Commerce’s Application of Adverse Facts Available

The next issue is whether Commerce properly relied on 

AFA when determining Fengchi’s dumping margin. As noted above, 

Commerce found that AFA was appropriate because Fengchi refused to 

provide information on its MACB sales.

Commerce may apply AFA where “an interested party has 

failed to cooperate by not acting to the best of its ability to 

comply with a request for information.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(b). 

“Compliance with the ‘best of its ability’ standard is determined 

by assessing whether the respondent has put forth its maximum 

effort to provide Commerce with full and complete answers” to a 

request for information. Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 337 

F.3d 1373, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2003). 

4 Commerce also argues that it had the authority to request MACB 

sales information at “any time during the proceeding” pursuant 

to 19 C.F.R § 351.301(c)(2) (2012). Because Commerce properly 

requested MACB sales information under 19 C.F.R § 351.225(l)(4), 

the court declines to consider this alternative justification. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 18 

Although it concedes that it did not provide information 

on its MACB sales, Plaintiffs argue that Commerce erroneously 

applied AFA because the request itself was improper. See Pls.’ 

Br. at 17–21. As noted above, Plaintiffs insist that Commerce’s 

request for Fengchi’s MACB sales information violated 19 C.F.R. § 

351.225(l)(4). Plaintiffs conclude that Commerce could not impose 

AFA based on Fengchi’s failure to comply with an inappropriate 

request for information. See Pls.’ Br. at 19. Plaintiffs rely on 

Laclede Steel Co. v. United States, 18 CIT 965 (1994), where the 

Court overturned Commerce’s decision to impose AFA because 

Commerce’s request for information was improper. See Pls.’ Br. at 

18–19 (citing Laclede Steel, 18 CIT at 973).

Plaintiffs’ argument is unconvincing. As this court has 

already determined, Commerce’s request for Fengchi’s MACB sales 

information was proper. Accordingly, Plaintiffs’ reliance on 

Laclede Steel is misplaced. Ultimately, Fengchi’s refusal to 

provide information on its MACB sales demonstrated a failure to 

comply with Commerce’s request for information, and Commerce 

reasonably applied AFA. See 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(b); Nippon Steel,

337 F.3d at 1382.

III. The Adverse Facts Available Rate

Having determined that Commerce properly relied on AFA 

to determine Fengchi’s dumping margin, the court now considers 

whether Commerce properly selected 262.80% as the AFA rate.
Court No. 13-00166 Page 19 

When selecting a total AFA rate, Commerce typically 

cannot calculate a rate for an uncooperative respondent because 

the information required for such a calculation has not been 

provided. As a substitute, Commerce relies on various “secondary” 

sources of information (the petition, the final determination from 

the investigation, prior administrative reviews, or any other 

information placed on the record), 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(b), (c), in 

order to select a proxy that is “a reasonably accurate estimate of 

the respondent's actual rate, albeit with some built-in increase 

intended as a deterrent to non-compliance.” F.lli De Cecco Di 

Filippo Fara S. Martino S.p.A. v. United States, 216 F.3d 1027, 

1032 (Fed. Cir. 2000)(“De Cecco”). When selecting an appropriate 

total AFA proxy, “Commerce must balance the statutory objectives 

of finding an accurate dumping margin and inducing compliance.” 

Timken Co. v. United States, 354 F.3d 1334, 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2004). 

The proxy’s purpose “is to provide respondents with an incentive 

to cooperate, not to impose punitive, aberrational, or 

uncorroborated margins.” De Cecco, 216 F.3d at 1032. “Commerce

must select secondary information that has some grounding in 

commercial reality.” Gallant Ocean (Thailand) Co. v. United 

States, 602 F.3d 1319, 1324 (Fed. Cir. 2010). Although a higher 

AFA rate creates a stronger incentive to cooperate, “Commerce may 

not select unreasonably high rates having no relationship to the 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 20 

respondent’s actual dumping margin.” Id. at 1323 (citing De Cecco,

216 F.3d at 1032).

The requirements articulated by the CAFC are an 

extension of the statute’s corroboration requirement. See De 

Cecco, 216 F.3d at 1032. Under 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(c), when Commerce 

relies on secondary information, it “shall, to the extent 

practicable, corroborate that information from independent sources 

that are reasonably at [its] disposal.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(c). To 

corroborate secondary information, Commerce must find that it has 

“probative value.” See KYD, Inc. v. United States, 607 F.3d 760, 

765 (Fed. Cir. 2010). Secondary information has “probative value”

if it is “reliable” and “relevant” to the respondent. Mittal Steel 

Galati S.A. v. United States, 31 CIT 730, 734, 491 F. Supp. 2d 

1273, 1278 (2007); see KYD, 607 F.3d at 765–67. 

In the CVD context, Commerce follows a hierarchy when 

selecting a proxy subsidy rate for an uncooperative respondent 

because “unlike other types of information, such as publicly 

available data on the national inflation rate of a given country 

or national average interest rates, there typically are no 

independent sources for data on company-specific benefits 

resulting from countervailable subsidy programs.” Certain Kitchen 

Appliance Shelving and Racks From the People's Republic of China: 

Final Results of the CVD Administrative Review, 77 Fed. Reg. 21,744 

(April 11, 2012) and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 21 

for the Final Results of the CVD Administrative Review of Certain 

Kitchen Appliance Shelving and Racks from the People's Republic of 

China at 4 (Apr. 4, 2012). To select an AFA subsidy rate, Commerce 

first attempts to apply the highest, above de minimis subsidy rate 

calculated for the identical program from any segment of the 

proceeding. See PRM at 8. Absent a calculated above de

minimis subsidy rate from an identical program, the Department 

then seeks a subsidy rate calculated for a similar 

program. Id. Absent such a rate, the Commerce then resorts to 

the third step in its hierarchy, an above de minimis calculated 

subsidy rate for any program from any CVD proceeding involving the 

country in which the subject merchandise is produced, so long as 

the producer of the subject merchandise or the industry to which 

it belongs could have used the program for which the rates were 

calculated. Id. 

In this case, Commerce assigned Fengchi a rate of 262.80% 

which reflected the sum of rates assigned for 22 programs that 

Commerce found countervailable in the investigation. See Final 

Results to CVD Administrative Review of Certain MCBs from the PRC: 

Application of AFA for Non-Cooperative Companies, PR 118 at 2, 7 

(Apr. 9, 2013); IDM at 18. Since both Fengchi and the PRC failed 

to respond to Commerce’s questionnaire, Commerce made the adverse 

inference that Fengchi had facilities and/or cross-owned

affiliates that received subsidies under all of the sub-national
Court No. 13-00166 Page 22 

programs which Commerce determined countervailable in the 

investigation. Id. at 2. The rates for these programs ranged 

0.51% to 25%, covering direct tax, other income tax, indirect tax, 

loan, export restraints, less than adequate remuneration, and 

grant programs. See id. at 7. For half of these programs, Commerce 

applied a rate based upon partial AFA, 21.24%, which it had 

calculated for a mandatory respondent in the original 

investigation. IDM at 19; PR 118 at 4–5. Commerce reasoned that 

the rates for these programs “were calculated in recent CVD final 

investigations or final results of review for fully cooperating 

respondents” and that, consequently, the rates “reflect the actual 

subsidy practices of PRC’s national, provincial, and local 

governments.” IDM at 18. Commerce also found the rates 

appropriate because they were “based upon information about the 

same or similar programs for periods close in time to the POR in 

the instant case.” Id. Finally, Commerce determined that nothing 

on the record called into question the reliability of these 

calculated rates. Id.

Plaintiffs argue that the 262.80% rate applied to 

Fengchi “is unreasonable, overly punitive, and not reflective of 

Fengchi’s commercial reality,” because it “is more than 10 times 

higher than the only actual subsidy rate calculated for a 

cooperating respondent in the proceeding.” Pl. Br. at 22. 

Plaintiffs also contend that Commerce’s use of the 21.24% rate in 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 23 

its calculation was unreasonable because it was “derived from 

partial AFA and thus was not calculated entirely based on actual 

data.” Id. at 23. 

On the issue of corroboration, the court finds that 

Commerce corroborated Fengchi’s AFA rate to the extent practicable 

under 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(c). Both Fengchi and the GOC refused to

provide any information during the administrative review regarding 

their use of countervailable subsidies, thus Commerce’s ability to 

corroborate its secondary information was limited by Fengchi’s

lack of cooperation. The rates Commerce used to corroborate

Fengchi’s AFA rate were reliable because they were calculated in 

recent CVD final investigations or final results of review. PRM 

at 6. Furthermore, the rates were relevant because they were based 

upon information about the same or similar programs. Id. With 

regard to the programs for which there was no program-type match, 

Commerce selected the highest calculated subsidy rate for any PRC 

program from which the non-cooperative companies could receive a 

benefit to use as AFA. Id. These rates were calculated for 

periods close in time to the POR in the instant case. Id.

Additionally, Commerce observed that it assigned a total AFA rate 

to Fengchi that is comparable to the AFA rate assigned to a 

mandatory respondent in the investigation that ceased to cooperate 

and withheld information. Id. 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 24

The court is not persuaded by Plaintiffs’ argument that 

Commerce chose a rate that was unreasonable, overly punitive, and 

not reflective of Fengchi’s commercial reality. Nor is the court 

convinced that Commerce unreasonably relied on the 21.24% rate 

based upon partial AFA. Due to Fengchi’s lack of cooperation 

during the review, there is no company specific data on the record 

regarding Fengchi’s participation in countervailable programs. 

Because there were no other independent sources of data on companyspecific benefits, Commerce was limited in its ability to 

corroborate the information used to calculate the AFA rate. Thus, 

Plaintiffs’ arguments do not undermine the reasonableness of 

Commerce’s corroboration given the limited information available 

to Commerce. See Essar Steel, Ltd. v. United States, 753 F.3d 

1368, 1374 (Fed. Cir. 2014).

Ultimately, section 1677e(c) requires that Commerce 

“shall, to the extent practicable, corroborate that information 

from independent sources that are reasonably at their disposal.” 

19 U.S.C. § 1677e(c). As discussed above, both Fengchi and the 

GOC failed to cooperate with Commerce and provide company-specific 

information regarding countervailable benefits Fengchi received 

during the POR. Since there were no other independent sources of 

data on company-specific benefits, Commerce was limited in its 

ability to corroborate the information used to calculate the AFA 

rate. Accordingly, in light of the failure of Fengchi to cooperate 
Court No. 13-00166 Page 25 

and the reasonably accurate nature of the secondary information 

that Commerce used under § 1677e(b), Commerce satisfied the 

requirement of corroborating the 262.80% AFA rate “to the extent 

practicable.” Id. 

IV. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the Final Results were 

supported by substantial evidence and otherwise in accordance with 

law. Plaintiffs’ motion for judgment on the agency record is 

denied. Judgment will be entered accordingly.

 /s/ Nicholas Tsoucalas

Nicholas Tsoucalas

 Senior Judge

Dated:

New York, New York 

April 13, 2015