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Bibliography
Glossary

G–i

Bathymetric: Pertaining to the depth of a

waterbody.

Bed load transport: Sediment transport along

the bottom of a waterbody due to currents.

Benthic: Associated with the bottom of a

waterbody.

Biocriteria: Biological measures, such as the

incidence of cancer in benthic fish species, that

indicate the health of an environment.

BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand; the quantity

of dissolved oxygen used by microorganisms in

the biochemical oxidation of organic matter and

oxidizable inorganic matter by aerobic biological

action.

CBOD: Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen

demand; the quantity of dissolved oxygen used by

microorganisms in the biochemical oxidation of

organic matter by aerobic biological action.

Circulation cell: See gyre.

Conservative pollutant: A pollutant that

remains chemically unchanged in the water.

Critical habitat: A habitat determined to be

important to the survival of a threatened or

endangered species, to general environmental

quality, or for other reasons as designated by the

state or federal government.

CVA: Clean Vessel Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-587,

Subtitle F); provides funding to states for the

construction, renovation, operation, and maintenance of additional pumpout facilities and sanitary

waste reception facilities at marinas and other

vessel facilities.

CWA: Clean Water Act. Popular name for the

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C.

1251–1376), amended in 1972 by the Federal

Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972

(P.L. 92-500).

CZARA: Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization

Amendments of 1990. Amended the Coastal

GLOSSARY

Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451–

1464, Chapter 33; Public Law 92-583).

DO: Dissolved oxygen; the concentration of free

molecular oxygen in the water column.

Drogue-release study: A study of currents and

circulation patterns using objects, or drogues,

placed in the water at the surface or at specified

depths.

Dye-release study: A study of dispersion using

nontoxic dyes.

EPA: The United States Environmental Protection Agency, the federal agency charged with

ensuring that federal laws protecting human

health and the environment are enforced fairly

and effectively.

Exchange boundary: The boundary between

one waterbody, e.g., a marina, and its parent

waterbody; usually the marina entrance(s).

Fecal coliform bacteria: Bacteria present in

mammalian feces, used as an indicator of the

presence of human feces, bacteria, viruses, and

pathogens in the water column.

Fixed breakwater: A breakwater constructed of

solid, stationary materials.

Floating breakwater: A breakwater constructed

to possess a limited range of movement.

Flushing time: Time required for a waterbody,

e.g., a marina, to exchange its water with water

from the parent waterbody.

GIS: geographical information system; a computer-based system for representing geographical

data and information.

Gyre: A mass of water circulating as a unit and

separated from other circulating water masses by

a boundary of relatively stationary water.

Hydrographic: Pertaining to ground or surface

water.

Ichthyofauna: Fish.
G–ii

Glossary

Macrophytes: Plants visible to the naked eye.

Mathematical modeling: Predicting the performance of a design based on mathematical equations.

Micron: Micrometer; one one-millionth

(0.000001) of a meter.

NCDEM DO model: A mathematical model for

calculating dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations

developed by the North Carolina Division of

Environmental Management (NCDEM).

No-discharge zone, or NDZ: An area where the

discharge of polluting materials is not permitted.

NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System. A permitting system for point source

polluters regulated under section 402 of the Clean

Water Act.

Numerical modeling: See mathematical

modeling.

Nutrient transformers: Biological organisms,

usually plants, that remove nutrients from water

and incorporate them into tissue matter.

OPA: Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 USCA 2701-

2761).

Organics: Carbon-containing substances such as

oil, gasoline, and plant matter.

PAH: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon;

multiringed carbon molecules resulting from the

burning of fossil fuels, wood, etc.

Physical modeling: Using a small-scale physical

structure to simulate and predict the performance

of a full-scale structural design.

Rapid bioassessment: An assessment of the

environmental degradation of a waterbody based

on a comparison between a typical species

assemblage in a pristine waterbody and that found

in the waterbody of interest.

Removal efficiency: The capacity of a pollution

control device to remove pollutants from wastewater or runoff.

Residence time: The length of time water

remains in a waterbody. Generally the same as

flushing time.

Riparian: For the purposes of this report, riparian

refers to areas adjoining coastal waterbodies,

including rivers, streams, bays, estuaries, coves,

and the like.

Sensitivity analysis: Modifying a numerical

model’s parameters to investigate the relationship

between alternative [marina] designs and water

quality.

Shoaling: Deposition of sediment causing a

waterbody or location within a waterbody to

become more shallow.

Significant: A quantity, amount, or degree of

importance determined by a state or local government.

SOD: Sediment oxygen demand; the biochemical

oxygen demand of microorganisms living in

sediments.

Suspended solids: Solid materials that remain

suspended in the water column.

Tidal prism: The difference in the volume of

water in a waterbody between low tide and high

tide.

Tidal range: The difference in height between

mean low tide and mean high tide.

Velocity shear: Friction created by two masses

of water moving in different directions or at

different speeds in the same direction.

WASP4 model: A generalized modeling system

for contaminant fate and transport in surface

waters; may be applied to biochemical oxygen

demand, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, bacteria, and

toxic chemicals.