(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;
(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thom scratches; and,

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that at least 10 percent of
the fruit shall have more than one-half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1150 U.S. No. 3.

"U.S. No. 3" consists of oranges which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously lumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Worny fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation; :

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;


SECTION THREE - GRAPEFRUIT

(16) Specific Factors and Defects

Color (Q)

“Color” refers to the degree of yellow or orange color. It does not relate to
discoloration caused by rust mite, speck type melanose, and smooth-fairly smooth
superficial scars. When determining color, judge only that part of the fruit not
discolored. If fruit is totally "bronzed," it would meet the requirements of “well colored"
since there is "practically no trace of green color." Therefore, "well colored" on a
U.S. No. 1 lot would have the same meaning as "well colored" on a U.S. No. 1 Bronze
lot.

Examine fruit in normal daylight when making color determinations. Fruit
appears greener in poor lighting conditions or under “artificial” light.

The U.S. Fancy grade requires well colored fruit. The U.S. No. 1 grade requires
fairly well colored fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements are scored against the
total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 2 grade allows slightly colored fruit. The U.S. No. 3
grade allows poorly colored fruit.

§51.764 “Well colored” means that the fruit has characteristic color
for the variety with practically no trace of green color.

§51.771 “Fairly well colored” means that except for an aggregate
area of green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch
(25.4 mm) in diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the
green color.

§51.778 “Slightly colored” means that except for an aggregate area
of green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 2 inches
(50.8 mm) in diameter, the fruit surface shows some characteristic
color.

§51.779 “Poorly colored” means that not more than 25 percent of the
surface may be of a solid dark green color.

Shape (Q)

“The normal shape for a variety must bé considered when détermining the correct
term(s) to use when describing shape. Fruit of a specific shape may be well formed for
one variety and less than well formed for another.

22




Maximum anhydrous citric acid
(average pet)

Minimum ratio of total soluble
solids to anhydrous citric acid

H 10.2. ssseene

1.146

8.90-1

10,3......

1.164

8.85-1

j|_10.4.......

8.80-1"

8.75-1

8.70-1

8.65-1

8.60-1

8.55-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

8.50-1

15



Chapter 20-13 Market Classification, Maturity Standards and Processing or Packing Restrictions

for Hybrids in effect as of February 12, 1995. This incorporation by reference was approved by

the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51.

Copies may be obtained from, Florida Department of Citrus, Post Office Box 148, Lakeland,

Florida 33802 or copies of both regulations may be inspected at USDA, AMS, F&VD, FPB,

Standardization Section, Room 2065-S, 14th and Independence Ave., Washington, DC 20250 or

at the Office of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800 North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.

§51.768 Smooth texture.

"Smooth texture" means that the skin is thin and smooth for the variety and size of the fruit.

"Thin" means that the skin thickness does not average more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm), on a central

cross section, on grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter.

§51.769 Injury. .

"Injury" means any specific defect described in §51.784, Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

slightly detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

§51.770 Discoloration.

"Discoloration" means russeting of a light shade of golden brown caused by rust mite or other

means. Lighter shades of discoloration caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or

other means may be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area,
* provided no discoloration caused by speck-type melanose or other means may detract from the

appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in

the grade.

§51.771 Fairly well colored.

“Fairly well colored" means that except for an aggregate area of green color which does not

exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, the characteristic color predominates

over the green color.

§51.772 Fairly smooth texture.

"Fairly smooth texture" means that the skin is fairly thin and not coarse for the variety and size of

the fruit. "Fairly thin" means that the skin thickness does not average more than 1/2 inch (12.7

mm), on a grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter.

§51.773 Damage.

"Damage" means any specific defect described in §51.784, Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects; any other defect, or any combination of defects, which

materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

§51.774 Fairly firm.
"Fairly firm" means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not bruised, and the skin is not spongy

or puffy.

§51.775 Slightly misshapen.

"Slightly misshapen" means that the fruit has fairly good shape characteristic of the variety and is
not more than slightly elongated or pointed or otherwise deformed.

§51.776 Slightly rough texture.

"Slightly rough texture" means that the skin may be slightly thick but not excessively thick,
materially ridged or grooved. "Slightly thick" means that the skin thickness does not average


§51.1153, 51.762, 51.1822 Size (a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in
size and shall be packed in containers according to approved and
recognized methods.

(b) “Fairly uniform in size” means that not more than 10 percent of
the oranges (grapefruit or tangerines) per sample may vary more
than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more
than 10 percent of the samples in any lot may fail to meet the
requirements of size.

Pe

(9) Quality and Condition

Statements pertaining to firmness, maturity, shape, color, amount and type of
defects, and amount of decay, are shown in the appropriate sections. Those factors
noted with the letter (C) shall be reported as CONDITION on market certificates. Those
factors noted with (Q or C) may be considered QUALITY or CONDITION, depending
on the circumstances. Factors with no notation are considered QUALITY only.

(2

(10) Maturity

Maturity can only be determined by an analysis of the juice. Do not judge
maturity based on color alone. Some varieties may be green and meet maturity
- requirements while others may be considered well colored and subsequently fail to
meet the requirements. Also, fruit may be artificially colored and appear well colored
only to fail maturity requirements.

Specific information on maturity requirements at shipping point are contained in
the DOC rules.

At market, do not mention maturity on the certificate unless a juice analysis is
performed. This analysis may be performed at applicant's request. When requested,
proper samples must be obtained and a ratio of soluble solids to acid must be
determined. If the inspection office is not equipped to perform these procedures, the
sample must be shipped to the nearest office equipped for this test. If unfamiliar with
the exact procedures involved, please contact your supervisor or Headquarters in
Washington, D.C. for specific instructions.

Samples may be officially drawn by an inspector and shipped to a designated
inspection office for analysis and certification. Immediately after the sample is drawn,
the inspector'shall issue an FV-187. The original and at least one copy of this notice
shall be shipped to the designated office performing the analysis. One copy shall also
be mailed to the designated office, with a final copy being retained in the office where
the sample was drawn.

12


more than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

§51.760.

§51.752 U.S. No. 1.

"U.S. No. 1" consists of grapefruit which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.770.);

(2) Fairly smooth texture;

(3) Fairly well colored;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;.

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;
(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunburn;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,

(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.760.

§51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. | except that not more than 30

percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration. For tolerances see §51.760.

'

~
}


Shape (Q)

§51.1825 “Well formed” means that the fruit has the characteristic
tangerine shape and is not deformed.

§51.1832 “Fairly well formed” means that the fruit may not have the
shape characteristic of the variety but is not badly deformed.

The normal shape for the variety must be considered when determining the
correct term(s) used to describe shape. Fruit of a particular shape may be "well
formed" for one variety and “fairly well formed" for another.

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require well formed fruit. The U.S. No. 2
grade requires fairly well formed fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements are scored
against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade does not have any shape
tequirements. Tangerines of any shape are permitted in the U.S. No. 3 grade.

Texture (Q)

The only texture requirement for Tangerines is for the U.S. No. 3 grade; not
seriously lumpy. When inspecting tangerines on the U.S. No. 3 grade, do not score the
fruit until it is seriously lumpy.

Firmness (C)

The U.S. Fancy and the U.S. No. 1 grades require fruit to be firm. The
U.S. No. 2 grade is required to be fairly firm. Fruit not meeting these requirements are
scored against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade requirement is not
flabby. .

When testing for firmness, place the fruit in the palm of your hand and squeeze
gently. If the fruit “bounces back,” it is considered firm. Fruit with thin skin may feel soft
or spongy and still be considered firm. Do not score fruit as soft if only a particular area
is affected. Score as soft, spongy or flabby when the entire fruit is affected.

§51.1824 “Firm” means that the flesh is not soft and the fruit is not
badly puffy and that the skin has not become materially separated
from the flesh of the tangerine.

§51.1831 “Fairly firm” means that the flesh may be slightly soft but is
not bruised or badly puffy, and that the skin has not become
seriously separated from the flesh of the tangerine.

To determine whether fruit is materially or seriously separated from the flesh,
some cutting or peeling of fruit will be necessary. “Materially separated from the

29


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Appendix 3 - iii


Freezing Injury (Q or C)
Fruit that is affected by freezing injury may exhibit the following characteristics:

. Segment walls have buckled at a cross section cut near the stem end;
. Watersoaked condition of the core;

. Mushy condition of segments or portions of segments;

. Dry portions of segments; and,

. Open spaces in the pulp.

ahon =

If frozen citrus is examined several days after thawing, it will usually have a white
or colorless crystaline compound (hesperidin) on the membrane that separates the pulp
segments. These crystals may be visible within a few hours of freezing. Several weeks
after freezing, the crystals may not be as numerous or conspicuous. When freezing
injury is encountered, use the same procedures and scoring guidelines as outlined for
dryness or mushy condition. :

Dryness from freezing differs from granulation dryness that is attributed to tree
dryness. After freezing, affected juice sacs collapse; having been emptied of juice.
During granulation, juice sacs do not collapse; they become filled with gelatinous or
solid matter. .

Use the procedures outlined in the sections; Cutting for Dryness or Mushy
Condition and Sampling To Determine Intemal Defects to accurately sample for these
conditions. ;

If a significant freeze occurs, inspectors will be notified, via memorandum from
Washington, D.C., to score freezing injury as a condition defect. When it is felt that
practically no additional change to the fruit will occur in transit, a second notification will
be issued, instructing inspectors to score freezing injury as a quality defect.

Granulation (Tree Dryness) (Q)

Granulation can be a varietal peculiarity or the result of growing conditions.
Citrus that is harvested late in the season, or from young trees during early or mid-
season after a drought, may have granulation, particularly in larger sizes. Thompson
navel oranges are susceptible to granulation regardless of when they are harvested.
During some shipping seasons, granulation may affect varieties that do not normally
exhibit this characteristic. In some instances, granulation may occur in larger sizes,
while occurring in smaller sizes at other times. It may also be more prevalent at the
blossom-end rather than the stem end.

The granulated condition may appear throughout the pulp of affected fruit, or
more often, affecting only the stem end portion. Use the procedures and scoring .
guidelines for dryness-mushy condition, but score granulation as a quality factor against
the applicable tolerance for permanent defects:

36


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Skin Breaks (Q or C)

Skin breaks may be caused by several factors: stems puncturing the fruit wall,
mechanical damage during packing or harvesting, cuts, hail, thom scratches, etc.

The flesh is exposed on “unhealed” skin breaks and any amount is scorable.
“Healed” skin breaks do not expose the flesh, but the rind is torn or punctured.

Oranges - Tangerines
Damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of a circle
3/16 inch in diameter.

Serious damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of a
circle 1/4 inch in diameter.

Very serious damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of
a circle 5/16 inch in diameter.

Grapefruit

Damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of a circle
"414 inch in diameter.

Serious Damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of a
circle 5/16 inch in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - When affecting more than the aggregate area of
a circle 3/8 inch in diameter.

At shipping point, score any unhealed skin break as very serious damage.
Score healed skin breaks as damage, serious damage or very serious damage based
on the above guidelines.

At the market, score any unhealed skin break as a condition factor (very serious
damage). Healed skin breaks will be considered a quality factor and scored as
damage, serious damage or very serious damage based on the above guidelines.

Bruises (C)

Bruises generally occur because of movement in slack packs, pressure from a
tight pack or weight from adjacent cartons. Bruises will have soft areas that, when cut,
contain mushy areas in the underlying flesh. Affected fruit may be flattened on two or
more sides. If the underlying flesh is not affected, these flattened areas may regain
their shape. Do not score flattened areas unless the underlying flesh is mushy.

32


Standards for Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis (L) Osbeck)
§51.1176 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following requirements, may be
designated "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A)":

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 5 gallons (18.9 liters) of juice per
standard packed box of 1-3/5 bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not less than 10 percent total soluble
solids, and not less than one-half of 1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible
maximum acid specified in Table II of §51.1178.

§51.1177 U.S. Grade A Juice.

Any lot of oranges, the juice content of which meets the following requirements, may be
designated "U.S. Grade A Juice":

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an average of not less than 4-1/2 gallons (17.0 liters) of juice
per standard packed box of 1-3/5 bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any lot of fruit shall have not less than 9 percent total soluble
solids, and not less than one-half of 1 percent anhydrous citric acid, or more than the permissible
maximum acid specified in Table II of §51.1178.

§51.1178 Maximum anhydrous citric acid permissible for corresponding total soluble
solids.

For determining the grade of juice, the maximum permissible anhydrous citric acid content in
relation to corresponding total soluble solids in the fruit is set forth in the following Table IT
together with the minimum ratio of total soluble solids to anhydrous citric acid:

_Table I

Maximum anhydrous citric acid Minimum ratio of total soluble
(average pct) solids to anhydrous citric acid

0.947 9.50-1

0.963 9.45-1
0.979 9.40-1
0.995 9.35-1
1.011 9.30-1

1.027 9.25-1

1.043 9.20-1

1.060 9AS-1

1.077 9.10-1

1.094 9.05-1

11 9.00-1

1.128 8.95-1

14


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Appendix 3 - iv

~


Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter.

Serious Damage - Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of surface.

Scale (Q)

Florida citrus is susceptible to several types of scale, most commonly purple and
ted scale. Purple scale has a brownish-purple covering and is roughly the shape of an
oyster shell. Red scale has a reddish color and is circular shaped.

Oranges are affected equally by purple and red scale. Grapefruit is affected
predominantly by purple scale and often coalesced into a ring-shape. Tangerines are
more affected by red scale, generally scattered over the fruit surface. It is not
necessary to identify the type of scale; report only as “scale.”

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - More than a few adjacent to the "button" at the stem end, or
more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
§51. 784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - More than a few adjacent to the "button" at the stem end, or
more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit.

Damage - Blotch aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1-1/4 inches
(31.8 mm in diameter.

42


discoloration. (See §51.1828.);
(2) Firm;

(3) Highly colored;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Caked melanose;

(2) Decay;

(3) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(4) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;
(6) Dryness or mushy condition;
(7) Disease;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects; ©

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and,

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1820.
§51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that fruit shall have not
more than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

§51.1820.
§51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

"U.S. No. 1" consists of tangerines which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by

discoloration. (See §51.1828.);
(2) Fairly well colored;

(3) Firm;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.


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Revised, February 2007, HU-152-4(a),
Table of Contents, Page iii, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point
and Market Inspection Instructions, September 2000

SECTION TWO - ORANGES AND TANGELOS..
(15) SPECIFIC FACTORS AND DEFECTS...
COLOR (Q) weseesscsesseeesseees

COLOR ADDED FRUIT ..

SHAPE (Q).......
TEXTURE (Q)...
INTERNAL QUALITY OF COMMON SWEET ORANGES (Q) .

eee FIRMNESS/PUFFY (C)..
COMMODITY-SPECIFIC
CREASING (Q OR C)...

STEM END AGING (C) .

SPLIT, ROUGH OR PROTRUDING NAVEL (Q).

SECTION THREE - GRAPEFRUIT.....
(16) SpPeciFic FACTORS AND DEFECTS ..

COLor (Q).. +22
SHAPE (Q)... +22
TEXTURE (Q) ... 23
MEASURING RIN 7” 24
FIRMNESS (C) .......ssseseeceeseeees 24
Commonity-SPECciFic DEFECTS. 25
BLOssom END CLEARING (C). 25
CLUSTER RINGS (Q)...

SPROUTED SEEDS (C)

SECTION FOUR - TANGERINES
(17) SpeciFic FAcToRS AND DEFECTS
COLOR (Q)
SHAPE (Q)...
TEXTURE (Q)
FIRMNESS (C)..
Commooity-SPECiFic DEFECTS.
GROOVING (Q)....

SECTION FIVE — GENERAL DEFECTS.
(18) CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS..
ALTERNARIA (Q OR C) ......000+
SKIN BREAKS (Q OR C)
BRulIsEs (C)....
BUCKSKIN (Q)..
Decay (C).......
DIRT-OTHER FOREIGN MATTER (Q OR C).
FLESH COLOR AND SEED COUNT
FREEZING INJURY (Q OR C).......
GRANULATION (TREE DRYNESS) (Q).

tek


Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Oil Spots (Q)

Oil spots (“Oleocellosis’) are likely to occur on green fruit when handled roughly
during wet conditions. Pressure on green fruit during picking and handling can also
cause this defect.

The most common symptom of oil spots is irregularly-shaped yellow, light green,
or brown spots where the oil glands are conspicuous. The severity of this defect
depends upon the amount of oil released. Yellow spots will develop on fully colored,
mature fruit; light green spots on fruit that was green when picked. Light to dark brown
spots are a later or older stage of spots that were originally light green or more severely
injured.

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)
Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1-1/4 inches
(31.8 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 113 of the surface.
GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter.

39


51.783 Diameter.

51.784 Classification of defects.

Grades

§51.750 U.S. Fancy.

"U.S. Fancy" consists of grapefruit which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.770.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Mature; .
(4) Similar varietal characteristics;
(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and, .

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Decay;

(5) Scab;

(6) Sprayburn;

(7) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(8) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:
(1) Bruises;

(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Scale;

(5) Scars;

(6) Skin breakdown; and,

(7) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:
(1) Dirt or other foreign material;
(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;
(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Sprouting;

(7) Sunbum; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see §51.760.
§51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that fruit shall have not


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USDA

United States

Depsimentot §=6-LOrida Citrus

Agriculture

Agricultural
Marketing

Service Shipping Point and Market
Cosette Inspection Instructions

Programs

Fresh Products
Branch

September 2000

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Appendix 3 - viii

US. Goverument Printing Office: 1994 384-084


Factors noted with (Q) are considered quality only. Factors noted with (C) are
considered condition at market. Factors noted with (Q or C) may be quality or condition
depending on the circumstances. Factors not designated do not pertain to either
category.
a

Table of Contents

SECTION ONE - ALL CITRUS
(1) GENERAL

(2) SAMPLING......ccccssssssssssecseees
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING

SAMPLING BULK LOADS .
NUMBER OF SAMPLES...
SAMPLING FOR INTERNAL DEFECTS
INTERNAL CUTTING PLANS A - B....
CUTTING FOR DRYNESS-MUSHY CONDITION ...

(3) TOLERANCES.........-sssssscssscsssnsssnsensensenstentsarenseneeasaneaeenensseatentescarseateansnnnanesonsons 7
(4) APPLICATION OF TOLERANCEG...........:sssssssecssesesscsenensssenssesssnnnenenenseacscerened 8

(5) NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE
HEADINGS ON NOTESHEETS ....
HANDWRITTEN CERTIFICATES...
PRODUCT...0.....sssescscseseeeseeeeeeeeees
NUMBER - TYPE OF CONTAINERS .
BRANDS - MARKINGS OR DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT.
ORIGIN ....

(6) TEMPERATURE OF PRODUCT........c:ssssssssesssasensensensensenssnrsnssattacesnscnstesceseens 10

(7) CONDITION OF PACK...

(8) SIZE w..sseecssssssssssssssesonssnssscssnecnneenesncensenscsssonesnconeseenseneenseuseseeanesteaensssnsentessenssen 11

(9) QUALITY AND CONDITION...

(10) MATURITY ........cscscessecssesssesssensssetesnesntenesonssssensnarssesensensecntensensenseatencensensnenannaees 12

(11) DISCOLORATION (Q).....

(12) SIMILAR VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS (Q) ORANGES - GRAPEFRUIT ONLY
(NOT A REQUIREMENT OF TANGERINES)......... ascseeaesassenscceccevseataceesecaeseseatateeseesseseete 14


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Appendix 3 - ix


2. Make one cut through the rind only, perpendicular to the stem and blossom
ends.

3.. Place fingers in the slice where the last cut was made and carefully spread
the fruit open to expose sections and/or seeds.

4. Carefully remove the sprouted seed. Measure the sprout where it exits the
seed to its longest point. If there are two sprouts from the same seed,
measure the longest sprout.

When determining the percentage of sprouted seeds, follow the sampling plans
for internal defects in the section Sampling to Determine Intemal Defects.

§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - more than six seeds have sprouts of more than 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 3/4 inch
(19.4 mm) in length.

Serious damage - more than six seeds have sprouts of more than 1/2
inch (12.7 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1
inch (25.4 mm) in length.

Very serious damage - more than six seeds have sprouts.of more
than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts
over 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in length.

27


§51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

"U.S. No. 2" consists of tangerines which meet the following requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.1828.);

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Fairly well formed;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Reasonably well colored.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunbum; and,

(19) Other means. ~

(d) For tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that at least 10 percent of
the fruit shall have more than one-half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration. For tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1819 U.S. No. 3.

"U.S. No. 3" consists of tangerines which meet the following requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Not flabby; and,




Handwritten Certificates

The handwritten certificate, (FV-184 at shipping point and FV-300 at market)
must be written with great care since they are given to the applicant at completion of
the inspection.

Please refer to the FV-184 or FV-300 certificate writing instructions and your
immediate supervisor for complete instructions regarding certificate writing procedures.

Product

ORANGES, TANGELOS, GRAPEFRUIT, TANGERINES or CITRUS FRUIT
shall be used to describe the commodity in the “PRODUCT” heading. The type or
variety may be used in connection with the products listed above on the FV-184, or may
be reported in the appropriate heading on the Fv-300.

If containers are marked with the variety name, that name shall be listed in
quotes rather than positively stated. Inspectors are not authorized to identify specific
varieties.

Number-Type of Containers

The number of containers, or weight (bulk), shall always be reported. Count of
large lots may be reported on the authority of someone other than the inspector.
However, the inspector is responsible for assuring that the approximate number of
containers reported in the lot are present.

At shipping point, applicant's count or reference to a manifest may be reported in
this section on the FV-184 certificate. At market, small lots (100 containers or less)
must be reported as “INSPECTOR'S COUNT.”

Citrus may be packed in consumer bags (5 pound, 10 pound, etc.) within master
containers, cartons, wirebound crates or in bulk containers. The container type shall
always be reported under this heading.

Brands-Markings or Description of Product

At shipping point, brand, size, PLI, and other important information appearing on
the container shall be reported on the notesheet and certificate in the appropriate
section.

At market, the brand, variety, size, count, point of origin and other important
information appearing on the container shall be reported on the notesheet in the
“BRANDS/MARKINGS" section. Only the brand name and other pertinent information
shall appear in this section on the certificate

9


United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos

General

51.1140 General. _

Grades

51.1141 U.S. Fancy.

51.1142 U.S..No. 1 Bright.
51.1143 U.S. No. 1.

51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.1148 US. No. 2.

51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.1150 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1151 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances
51.1152 Application of tolerances.
Size

51.1153 Size.

Definitions

51.1154 Similar varietal characteristics.
51.1155 Well colored.

51.1156 Firm.

51.1157 Well formed.

51.1158 Mature.

51.1159 Smooth texture.

51.1160 Injury.

51.1161 Discoloration. -
51.1162 Fairly smooth texture.
51.1163 Damage.

51.1164 Fairly well colored.
51.1165 Reasonably well colored.
51.1166 Poorly colored.

51.1167 Fairly firm.

51.1168 Slightly misshapen.
51.1169 Slightly rough texture.
51.1170 Serious damage.

51.1171 Misshapen.





§51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that at least 30 percent, by
count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each of these fruits shall be of rust mite type.
For tolerances see §51.760.

§51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet. .

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that at least 30 percent, by
count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
any type of discoloration. For tolerances see §51.760.

§51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright. :

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that fruit shall have not
more than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

§51.760.

§51.757 U.S. No. 2.

"U.S. No. 2" consists of grapefruit which meet the following requirements:
(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.770.);

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Slightly colored;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,
(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.
(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:
(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose; -
(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;


Revised, April 2004, HU-147-4(b)
Page 33, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000

ORANGES - GRAPEFRUIT
§51.1175, 51.784 Classification of defects. (See chart.)

Injury, Damage and Serious Damage - Segment walls are
collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured.

Very Serious Damage - Fruit is split open, peel is badly
watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured
causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4
Inch (19.1 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount,
by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit.
TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (See chart.)

Damage and Serious Damage - Segment walls are collapsed, or
tag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured.

Very Serious Damage - Fruit is split open, peel is badly
watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured
causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 1/2
inch (12.7 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount,
by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit.

Note: Definitions for injury, damage and serious damage by bruising are
identical. Whenever bruising is severe enough to score, (segment walls are
collapsed or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured), it shall be categorized as
serious damage. In order to determine the amount of mushy condition (very
~serious damage), use the cutting procedures described under “Cutting Instructions
and Scoring Guide for Dryness-Mushy Condition.” Peres

Buckskin (Q)

Fruit affected by this disease will have slightly roughened, grayish areas of
the abnormally thick rind. Buckskin is caused by rust mites on immature fruit which
is aggravated and extended by a surface-growing fungus following the mite injury.

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (See chart.)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 50 percent of the
surface.

33


ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Sooty Mold (Q)

Sooty mold is caused by a fungus that adheres to excretions of the white fly and

other insects. It may occur as light deposits scattered over the fruit surface or as
heavily concentrated areas at the stem end. The mold can be easily scraped off with a
fingernail or knife. Normal washing procedures do not entirely remove fungus deposits.

ORANGES

Injury - More than slightly affecting the appearance of the fruit.
Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

45


United States
Department of
Agriculture

Agricultural
Marketing
Service

Fruit and
Vegetable
Programs

Fresh
Products
Branch

Appendix |

United States Standards
for Grades of

Florida Oranges and
Tangelos

Effective February 20, 1997
(Reprinted - February 1997)


Serious damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Very serious damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
Injury - More than slightly affecting the appearance of the fruit.
Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Serious damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1-3/8 inches (34.9 mm)
in diameter.

Very serious damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.

TANGERINES

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Serious damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Very serious damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.

Sprayburn (Q)

Fruit affected by sprayburn has flat, hard darkened areas on the rind. In
advanced stages, surface cracking may occur. Darkened areas are usually irregularly
sized and reddish to dark brown. Due to its distinctive appearance, sprayburn is easily
identified and usually graded out at the packing house. This defect is rarely found in
the market. .

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Hard and aggregating more than a circle 1-1/2
inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Hard and aggregating more than a circle 1-1/2
inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.

46


(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No.'1 Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit shall have in
excess of one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any
tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less than 20 percent of
the fruit with required discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within
the percentage specified. :
(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-half of the
surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed
to reduce this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the
percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances 7

§51.761 Application of tolerances.

Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless otherwise specified in
§51.760. Individual samples shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified
tolerance of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance of less than 10
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be permitted in any sample:
And provided further, that the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for
the grade. © :

Size

§51.762 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers according to approved
and recognized methods.

(b) “Fairly uniform in size" means that not more than 10 percent of the grapefruit per sample
may vary more than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the
samples in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of size.

Definitions

§51.763 Similar varietal characteristics.

"gimilar varietal characteristics” means that the fruits in any container are similar in color and
shape.

§51.764 Well colored.

“Well colored" means that the fruit has characteristic color for the variety with practically no
trace of green color.

§51.765 Firm.

"Firm" means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby, and the skin is not spongy
or puffy.

§51.766 Well formed.

“Well formed" means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of the variety.

§51.767 Mature. :
“Mature” shall have the same meaning assigned the term in the F lorida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,
1995 Edition, and the Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, in effect as of
February 12, 1995. These grapefruit maturity requirements are contained in the Florida Citrus
Code, Chapter 601, Florida Statutes, Sections 601.16, 601.17, and 601.18, 1995 Edition, and the
State of Florida Department of Citrus Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, Part 1,

we?


(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5). Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;
-(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunburn; and,

(19) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. | except that not more than 30
percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration. For tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that at least 30 percent, by
count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be of rust mite type. For
tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that at least 30 percent, by
count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
any type of discoloration. For tolerances see §51.1820.

§51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that fruit shall have more
not than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration. For tolerances see

§51.1820.


Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1-1/2 inches
(38.1 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Pulled Stems (Q)

Pulled stems (plugs) are torn areas of the rind immediately adjacent to the stem
button.

ORANGES

Damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more than the
aggregate area of a circle 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in diameter.

Serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more
than the aggregate area of a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter.

Very serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn
more than the aggregate area of a circle 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter or
when the flesh is exposed.

GRAPEFRUIT

Damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more than the
aggregate area of a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter.

Serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more
than the aggregate area of a circle 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter.

Very serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn
more than the aggregate area of a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter or
when the flesh is exposed.

TANGERINES

Damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more than the
aggregate area of a circle 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in diameter.

40


Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions for
Florida Citrus

These inspection instructions are specifically developed by the Fresh Products
Branch to assist officially licensed inspectors in the interpretation and application of the
U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, Florida Grapefruit, and
Florida Tangerines, Sections 51.1140, 51.750, and 51.1810, respectively.

These instructions do not establish any substantial rule not legally authorized by
the official grade standards. This publication supersedes any previously issued
inspection instructions.

Refer to the General Inspection Instructions for additional information pertaining
to date, inspection point, carrier, condition of carrier, lading, etc. that is not covered in
this handbook. Reference to "General Inspection Instructions" in all Fresh Products
Branch publications refers to any one or all of the following - General Shipping Point
Inspection Instructions, General Market Inspection Instructions, or Fresh Fruit and
Vegetable Certificate Writing Handbooks.

Any portion of these instructions beginning with the section number §51.— and
followed by bold print are sections or portions of sections copied directly from U.S.
standards. The U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos, Florida
Grapefruit, and Florida Tangerines are printed in the appendix of this handbook. All
U.S. standards are available on the Internet under the USDA homepage.

September 2000

This replaces Market Inspection Instructions dated April 1983

This publication may be duplicated without authorization from USDA.

'

REPRINTED DECEMBER 2007


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EXAMPLE 14

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0.11.01 0.011 0.1: p.5il Pim
Carer Typo 7 Name: nspecton ee yy Hour Min, AIP
— Del { ol o.oll 0.2: o.pll Pim
Rekigeration Unit Doors: ,
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Condition of Carrier: Adres:
MANACCAC, VB,
SHIPPER:
: waaissge AIL. Cites, Pavers...
Inspection Site : ry >
Ler —ABRLLGANTSS _ CAD Lcke _lanelie, FL

AL, UCAw.l, pasate, ret waite Ute
FSA HC IS).

“apc XYZ CITRUS PACKERS. SIABSLIG, FA, UeSNeL,
“| pupy pep, Q-SLB. BAG, USDA/FL Hol As 37
(res brine “Pe”, usiel, WT WT. 5 Leg)

ios of Load & Containers =

Ra STACKED ON PALLETS AT ABOVE LOCATION (_) INTACT THROUGH LOAD (_) PARTLY UNLOADED

FORM FV-300-N (593)

Appendix 3 - i


The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require well formed fruit. The U.S. No. 2
grade requires not more than slightly misshapen fruit. Fruit not meeting these
requirements are scored against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows
misshapen fruit.

§51.766 “Well formed” means that the fruit has the shape
characteristic of the variety.

§51.775 “Slightly misshapen” means that the fruit has fairly good
shape characteristic of the variety and is not more than slightly
elongated or pointed or otherwise deformed.

§51.780 “Misshapen” means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed,
or flatsided.

Texture (Q)

“Texture” refers to smoothness or roughness of the skin. This factor will vary
considerably with the size and variety of fruit. Larger sizes are normally rougher than
smaller sizes of the same variety. When reporting texture, the size and variety must be
considered when determining the proper descriptive term.

In most cases, the texture and thickness of the skin are relative to each other,
e.g., fairly thin skinned fruit is fairly smooth in texture and slightly thick skin is slightly
rough in texture. If they do not coincide (thick skin with fairly smooth texture or thin skin
with rough texture, for example) report each factor separately. If fruit is abnormally
thick and coarse for the size and variety, it shall be scored based on the texture
requirements of the grade.

If thick-skinned fruit are suspected, make a cut in the center of the fruit,
perpendicular from stem to blossom end. Measure rind thickness from the point where
the flesh meets the albedo to the edge of the rind. Measure the thickest and thinnest
portions, add these measurements together, and divide by two to obtain an “average”
measurement. If the average is more than 1/2 inch, it fails to meet fairly smooth
texture. If the average is more than 5/8 inch, it fails to meet slightly rough texture. One
undeveloped segment per fruit is allowed. Do not use an undeveloped segment when
determining average measurement.

The U.S. Fancy grade requires fruit to have smooth texture. The U.S. No. 1
grade requires fruit to have fairly smooth texture. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires fruit to
have not more than slightly rough texture. Fruit not meeting these requirements are
scored against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows fruit with rough
texture.

23


eke

Revised, February 2007, HU-152-4(b),
Page 19, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000
§51.1159 “Smooth texture” means that the skin is thin and smooth
for the variety and size of the fruit.

§51.1162 “Fairly smooth texture” means that the skin is fairly thin
and not coarse for the variety and size of the fruit.

§51.1169 “Slightly rough texture” means that the skin is not of
smooth texture but is not materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled.

Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Q)

The U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos contain
requirements for internal quality (Appendix I). These requirements are based on
volume of juice per standard box, percentage of soluble solids, acid content and ratio of
acid to soluble solids. The procedure to determine internal quality is identical to that
used for maturity. Compare the test results with the requirements in the standards to
determine whether the juice is “A” or “Double AA” quality. Contact the DOC for current
requirements and procedures.

Firmness/Puffy (C)

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require firm fruit. The U.S. No. 2 grade
requires fairly firm fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements are scored against the
total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows slightly spongy fruit.

If the fruit only shows signs of “puffy” skins, then score as damage (when the
skin separates from more than half of the fruit) and report as “badly puffy.” If all the
skin has separated from the fruit, then score as serious damage and report as
“extremely puffy.” However, in the No. 3 grade, the fruit would have to be soft and
extremely puffy, report very serious damage as “extremely puffy and soft.” If only
extremely puffy, then do not score against the No. 3 grade.

When testing for firmness, place the fruit in the palm of your hand and squeeze
gently. If the fruit “bounces back,” it is considered firm. Fruit with thin skin may feel soft
or spongy and still be considered firm. Do not score fruit as soft if only a particular area
is affected (refer to bruising). Score as soft, spongy or flabby when the entire fruit is
affected.

§51.1156 “Firm” as applied to common oranges and tangelos means
that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as applied to
oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin), means
that the fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly
loose.

19


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HOURLY Basis : i 4

elu foo 1 GQUS air.

TRAVEL Time: _______Tcouesteo oy: fe, of Pecks AesisTeD By?
EXPENSES : PRE chet Ie .

es, TOTAL: "gli oo | JOO an.
Appendix 3 - v

‘US Goverment Printing Office: 1994 - 384-084


SECTION FIVE —- GENERAL DEFECTS

(18) Classification of Defects

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based on an orange or tangelo 2-7/8 inches (73.0 mm) in
diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and ©
lesser areas on smaller fruit.

GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based ona grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in
diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and
lesser areas on smaller fruit.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based on a tangerine 2-1/2 inches (63.5 mm) in
diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and
lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Alternaria (Q or C)

Alternaria, when inactive, appears very similar to scars; gray to brown circular
spots. Score as a scar using the scar guideline (refer to the section Scars-Hail-Thom
Scratches). When appearing as s described above, report this defect as a quality factor
at the market.

Alternaria, in its active stage, also appears similar to scars. The affected area
also includes a halo on the outer edges of the “scar”. The center portion of the scar
may give the appearance of being easily removed or pulled out. If active Alternaria is
found at the market, score as a condition factor and describe the appearance. Do not
report as “Alternaria”. Score as very serious damage unless it extends into the flesh of

’ the fruit. If found in this severity, score as decay.

31


A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that at least 30 percent, by

count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by:
any type of discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
‘A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.) :

§51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that fruit shall have not

more than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1148. U.S. No. 2.

"U.S. No. 2" consists of oranges which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-half of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.1161.)

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Reasonably well colored;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen; and,

(7) Not more than slightly rough texture.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;


(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunbum;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,
(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.760.

§51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that at least 10 percent of
the fruit shall have more than one-half of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by any type of
discoloration. For tolerances see §51.760.

§51.759 U.S. No. 3.

"U.S. No. 3" consists of grapefruit which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously bumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Disease;

(6) Dryness or mushy condition;
(7) Hail;

(8) Insects;

(9) Oil spotting;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Sprayburn;

(15) Sprouting;

(16) Sunburn; and,

(17) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.760.

we


When testing for firmness, place the fruit in the palm of your hand and squeeze
gently. If the fruit “bounces back,” it is considered firm. Fruit with thin skin may feel soft
or spongy and still be considered firm. Do not score fruit as soft if only a particular area
is affected (refer to bruising). Score as soft, spongy or flabby when the entire fruit is
affected.

§51.765 “Firm” means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or
flabby, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.

§51.774 “Fairly firm” means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not
bruised, and the skin is not spongy or puffy.

§51.781 “Slightly spongy” means that the fruit is puffy or slightly
wilted but not flabby.

Commodity-Specific Defects

NOTE: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based on a grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing
proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Blossom End Clearing (C)

Blossom end clearing is a physiological disorder that appears as a watersoaked,
translucent, blotchy area(s). These areas generally occur around the blossom end, but
may appear elsewhere on the fruit. This condition develops late in the season,
particularly following heavy rains, increasing water content of the fruit. Blossom end
clearing is frequently followed by decay.

Damage - When aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter.

Serious damage - When aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter.

Very serious damage - When aggregating more than a circle 1-1/2 inches in
diameter or if the underlying flesh is discolored and mushy. “Discolored” in this
context means any shade of brown.

Cluster Rings (Q)

Cluster rings occur as one or more smooth rings and/or roughened areas of
various diameters on the stem end half of the fruit. This injury is the result of rust mite
or orchid thrips that feed in the shaded area created where fruit are in direct contact or
where a leaf and the fruit touch.

When cluster rings occur as superficial smooth or fairly smooth areas on the fruit,
report as “discoloration” and score against the discoloration tolerance.

25


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Cutting Instructions and Scoring Guide
for Dryness-Mushy Condition

Remainder
3rd Slice

Lf
Q An...
WE,

Preliminary Cut (top of flesh):

Preliminary Cut: This cut is intended to remove only the rind down to the fleshy
portion of the fruit under the stem button and will vary in depth depending on rind
thickness.

1* Slice: Tangerines - 1/8 inch in width, oranges-grapefruit -1/4 inch. This slice may
be totally dry or from mushy to dry in all segments. This is the maximum amount
permitted in the U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades. If the total volume of this slice is
affected, any dryness-mushy condition in the remaining portion of the fruit will be
considered as damage.

2TM Slice: Tangerines - 1/8 inch in width, oranges-grapefruit -1/4 inch. This slice, plus
the first slice (totaling 1/4 inch or 1/2 inch) may be totally dry or from mushy to dry in all
segments. This represents the maximum volume permitted in the U.S. No. 2 grade. If
the total volume of this slice is affected, dryness-mushy condition in the remaining
portion of the fruit will be considered serious damage.

3” Slice: All citrus - 1/4 inch in width. This 1/4 inch slice, plus the previous two slices,
may be totally dry or from mushy to dry in all segments. This represents the maximum
volume permitted in the U.S. No. 3 grade. If the total volume of this slice is affected,
any dryness-mushy condition in the remaining portion of the fruit will be considered
very serious damage.

If any portion of the segments in the slice are not mushy or affected by dryness-mushy
condition, additional mushiness-or-dryness may be allowed in other portions of the fruit,
but the total amount must not exceed the equivalent volume permitted. If this is
encountered, it will be necessary to cut several slices to determine the total amount of
dryness-mushiness present in the fruit.


Tolerances

§51.760 Tolerances.
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing

grades, the following tolerances, by count, based on a minimum 25 count sample, are provided as
specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, U.S. No. 1 Bronze, US. No.
1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet.

(i) For defects at shipping point’. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter
amount not more than | percent for decay or wormy fruit. ;

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent
for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy
fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point!. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than |
percent shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than the
following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements relating to discoloration as
specified in each grade. No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within percentage specified.
(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of
their surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with
excessive discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the

percentage specified.

‘Shipping point, as used in these standards, means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area
or at port of Joading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the continental

United States, the port of entry into the United States.


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receive the same attention in sampling regardless of the difficulty involved in reaching
the more inaccessible layers or parts of a load.

Sample Size

The sample size for grade and size determination on all Florida citrus shall be a
“minimum of 25 fruit for each sample, regardless of the size of the container.

SHIPPING POINT:

In-line Certification — Each sample shall consist of 25 fruit. If containers have
less than 25 fruit, a composite sample of 25 fruit shall be examined. If sample
tolerances are exceeded, examine 50 fruit when containers contain 50 or more fruit.
The lot average must never exceed the lot tolerance.

The first sample examined must meet all lot tolerances. If three consecutive
samples in a lot exceed a lot tolerance, a corrective action must be taken on the packed
containers that are represented by the third sample.

Stationary Lots — Sampling for all fots shall consist of 25 fruit. If containers
have less than.25 fruit, a composite sample of 25 fruit shall be examined. A minimum
of 3 samples must be examined to certify a lot.

If a lot tolerance is exceeded, double the sample size for containers containing
50 fruit or more, except for composite samples. if a sample tolerance is exceeded,
examine the entire contents of the container, except for bulk lots or bulk bins. These
lots shall be limited to a 100 count sample.

MARKET:

For packages containing 25 fruit or more, a minimum of 25 fruit shall be
examined. When any sample tolerance is exceeded, the entire contents of at least one
package which exceeded the sample tolerance must be examined. If impractical to run
the entire contents, i.e., extremely large numbers of fruit such as 176 size Tangerines,
and bulk lots, examine 100 fruit at a minimum.

For packages containing less than 25 fruit, a sufficient number of adjoining
packages must be opened to obtain a minimum of 25 fruit. The entire contents shall be
used for the sample when opening an adjoining package. For example: oranges
packed in 5 Ib. consumer bags (10 fruit per bag) - open 3 bags (30 fruit sample); 18
count cartons of grapefruit - open 2 cartons (36 fruit). If a sample tolerance is
exceeded using this method, do not double the sample size. The lot is out of grade
because of the sample tolerance being exceeded.


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laBlak 1o.0ll0,G:45 HA Ie
Inspection Completed:
d

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A eRe:

BRANDS / MARKS: |

| in cartons printed " Florida Sunshine. |

Orarge Grower Urnahiia, FL Produce
of USA" Stomp lH size USDAIFL.
01.251. Repe. Surmmer.sBu.

w| IN Contens printed sore as A oboe
_| stamped

Slo 81ze
USDAI FL. 9489-H99
J... ISDALEL- QYO9 HOB.

| in Cortons printed some as Ache

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USDAIFL Q0bI -H31

pe “pinks same man okoe. .

| stamped 100 Size

USDAI FL: S489 Habs

Congition of Load & Containers :
‘STACKED ON PALLETS AT ABOVE

LOCATION (_) INTACT THROUGH LOAD (_) PARTLY UNLOADED

FORM FV. S00-N (3-93)

Appendix 3 - vii


And provided further, that the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for
the grade

Size

§51.1822 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers according to approved
and recognized methods.

(b) "Fairly uniform in size" means that not more than 10 percent of the tangerines per sample
may vary more than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the
samples in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of size.

Definitions

§51.1823 Mature.
"Mature" shall have the same meaning assigned the term in the Florida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,

1995 Edition, and the Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, in effect as of
February 12, 1995. These tangerine maturity requirements are contained in the Florida Citrus
Code, Chapter 601, Florida Statutes, Sections 601.21, and 601.22, 1995 Edition, and the State of
Florida Department of Citrus Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, Part 1, Chapter
20-13 Market Classification, Maturity Standards and Processing or Packing Restrictions for
Hybrids in effect as of February 12, 1995. This incorporation by reference was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies
may be obtained from, Florida Department of Citrus, Post Office Box_148, Lakeland, Florida
33802 or copies of both regulations may be inspected at USDA, AMS, F&VD, FPB,
Standardization Section, Room 2065-S, 14th and Independence Ave., Washington, DC 20250 or
at the Office of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800 North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.
§51.1824 Firm.

“Firm" means that the flesh isnot soft and the fruit is not badly puffy and that the skin has not
become materially separated from the flesh of the tangerine.

§51.1825 Well formed.

"Well formed" means that the fruit has the characteristic tangerine shape and is not deformed.
§51.1826 Damage.

"Damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1837, Table I; or an equally objectionable
variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

§51.1827 Highly colored.

"Highly colored" means that the ground color of each fruit is a deep tangerine color, or
characteristic color for the variety, with practically no trace of yellow color.

§51.1828 Discoloration.

"Discoloration" means russeting of a light shade of golden brown caused by rust mite or other
means. Lighter shades of discoloration caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or
other means may be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area,
provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or other means may detract from the
appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed in

the grade.


(6) Disease; .

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Riciness or woodiness;

(11) Scab;

(12) Scale;

(13) Scars;

(14) Skin breakdown;

(15) Split navels;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and,

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

Tolerances

§51.1151 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing
grades, the following tolerances, by count, based on a minimum 25 count sample, are provided as
specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No.
1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point'., Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter
amount not more than 1 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent
for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than.3 percent for decay or wormy
fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3. :

(i) For defects at shipping point'. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to

meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1

‘Shipping point, as used in these standards, means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area
or at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the continental
United States, the port of entry into the United States.


(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Rough, wide or protruding navels;

(5) Scale;

(6) Scars;

(7) Skin breakdown; and,

(8) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Dirt or other foreign material;

(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;

(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Riciness or woodiness;

(7) Sunbum; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see §51.1151. .

(f) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1142 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are the same.as for U.S. No. 1 except that fruit shall have not
more than one-fifth of its surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1143 U.S. No. 1.

"U.S. No. 1" consists of oranges which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Color;

(i) Early and midseason varieties shall be fairly well colored.

(ii) For Valencia and other late varieties, not less than 50 percent, by count, shall be fairly well
colored and the remainder reasonably well colored.

(2) Discoloration: Not more than one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.1161-); .
(3) Fairly smooth texture;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;


meet shape or color requirements. Please refer to corresponding sections for further
descriptions.

Mixing different types in the same container is prohibited unless they are
separated by dividers within the package or segregated into rows or layers within the
package. If product is segregated, an inspection may be requested for one or more of
the products in the package. Each individual product shall be inspected separately and
the results reported as separate lots.

If the product is not segregated, inspectors must determine the “characteristic”

color for the lot. Fruit that is not “characteristic” for the lot shall be scored as a defect
and reported as “dissimilar varieties.”

§51.1154 and §51.763 “Similar varietal characteristics” means that
the fruits in any container are similar in color and shape.

15


GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more
than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade.

Damage - Very deep or very rough aggregating more than a circle
1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; deep or rough aggregating more than
a Gircle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough or of slight depth
aggregating more than 10 percent of fruit surface.

Serious Damage - Very deep or very rough aggregating more than a
circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter; deep or rough aggregating more
than 5 percent of fruit surface; slight depth or slightly rough ,
aggregating more than 15 percent of fruit surface.

Very Serious Damage - Deep or very rough or unsightly that
appearance is very seriously affected.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch

(6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating
more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly
smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1-1/8 inches
(28.6 mm) in diameter. :

Serious Damage - Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle
1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth
aggregating more than a Circle 1-1/8 inches (28.6 mm) in diameter;
smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than
10 percent of fruit surface.

Very Serious Damage - Deep or rough or unsightly that appearance
is very seriously affected. -

Skin Breakdown (C)

This defect category represents several factors that result in a similar-looking
effect. Fruit can be affected by drying, darkening, or sinking of the oil cells near the
stem end or other portions of the fruit. Stem end breakdown is a physiological condition
caused by a loss of fruit moisture. Pitting is a physiological breakdown of the rind on
the fruit shoulder. This contrasts with breakdown associated with aging, which occurs
at the stem end. Storage pitting is another type of skin injury affecting citrus. When
these, or other similar-appearing injuries occur, they shall be described on the
notesheet and certificate as “skin breakdown”.


If specimens are not scorable based on the amount of external surface affected
by sunburn, the fruit may be scored when the amount of dryness materially, seriously or
very seriously detracts from the appearance, edible or marketing quality of the fruit. To
accurately determine the extent of dryness caused by sunbum, apply the cutting
procedures described by the Dryness-Mushy Condition diagram.

Wormy Fruit (Q or C)

Wormy fruit is a “free from” defect. Any worm present in the fruit shall be scored
as very serious damage against the tolerance for decay or wormy fruit.

At market, if live worms are present, or a combination of live and dead, report as
a condition factor. Report as a quality factor if worms are dead.

To determine the presence of worms, use the sampling plan outlined in the
Sampling To Determine Intemal Defects section.

48


‘more than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), on a central cross section, on a grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8
mm) in diameter.

§51.777 Serious damage.

"Serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.784, Table I; or an equally
objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the
fruit.

§51.778 Slightly colored.

"Slightly colored" means that except for an aggregate area of green color which does not exceed
the area of a circle 2 inches (50.8 mm) in diameter, the fruit surface shows some characteristic
color.

§51.779 Poorly colored.

"Poorly colored" means that not more than 25 percent of the surface may be of a solid dark green
color.

§51.780 Misshapen.

"Misshapen" means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed, or flatsided.

§51.781 Slightly spongy.

"Slightly spongy" means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted but not flabby.

§51.782 Very serious damage.

"Very serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.784, Table I; or an equally
objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of
the fruit.

§51.783 Diameter.

"Diameter" means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom
end.


Origin

The inspector, on their own authority, must not make a positive statement as to
product origin. When container markings contain origin information, it should be quoted
in the appropriate location on notesheets and certificates. This policy is necessary
because firms may use one mark on the same product packed in several states. If
packages are not marked, or citrus is in bulk, refer to the General Inspection
instructions for more information.

et
(6) Temperature cf Product

Generally, inspectors do not determine or report temperatures at shipping point.
However, due to the importance of the pulp temperature of fresh fruits and vegetables
in transit or at destination, it is essential that market inspectors accurately report the
tange in temperatures on each lot. A minimum of three pulp temperatures shall be
recorded on all lots regardless of the location of the product.
Dt

(7) Condition of Pack

Condition of pack pertains to fill of containers, the tightness of fruit in place-
packed containers, and net weight certification.

Citrus may be packed in a variety of ways; volume-filled containers, place-pack
containers, wirebound crates or in consumer bags. Please refer to the General
Inspection Instructions for information on reporting condition of pack.

If the applicant requests count of consumer bags per master container, report
the findings in the “OTHER” section on the FV-300 with a reference under “REMARKS”
that this factor was “determined and reported at applicant’s request.”

Weight. If requested to certify a specified or marked net weight on a stationary
lot sampling or in-line sampling, follow the procedures described in the General
Inspection Instructions. If none of the containers are under marked weight (in-line
sampling), marked weight is met. However, if any package is under marked weight, the
markings must be corrected on that package.

Further information on condition of pack can be found in the General Inspection
Instructions and the DOC rules.


51.1172 Slightly spongy.

51.1173 Very serious damage.

51.1174 Diameter.

51.1175 Classification of defects.

Standards for Internal Quality of Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis (L) Osbeck)
51.1176 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

51.1177 U.S. Grade A Juice.

51.1178 Maximum anhydrous citric permissible for corresponding total soluble solids.

51.1179 Method of juice extraction.

General

§51.1140 General.

The standards contained in this subpart apply only to the common or sweet orange group and
varieties and hybrids of varieties belonging to the Mandarin group, except tangerines, and to the
citrus fruit commonly known as "tangelo" - a hybrid between tangerine or mandarin orange
(citrus reticulata) with either the grapefruit or pomelo (C. paradisi and C. grandis). Separate U.S.
standards apply to tangerines. The standards for internal quality contained in §§51.1176 through
51.1179 apply only to common sweet oranges (citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck).

Grades

§51.1141 U.S. Fancy. .

"U.S. Fancy" consists of oranges which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by
discoloration. (See §51.1161.);
(2) Firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;
(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Decay;

(6) Scab;

(7) Split navels;

(8) Sprayburn;

(9) Undeveloped segments;

(10) Unhealed skin breaks; and,
(11) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:
(1) Bruises;


GENERAL DEFECTS CONTINUED...

GREEN Spots (Q)
CAKED MELANOSE (Q) .
Olt Spots (Q)......
PULLED STEMS (Q)
Scas (Q)....
SCALE (Q)..
SCARS-HAIL-
SKIN BREAKDOWN (C)..
Sooty MoLp (Q)..
SPRAYBURN (Q)....
STEM BUTTONS AND ATTACHED STEMS-LEAVES..
SUNBURN (Q) ........s000e
Worwy Fruit (Q oR C)

Appendix! United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos
United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit
United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines

Appendix fl FPB Directive 618 - Certifying Various Varieties Of Citrus
Area Comparison Chart

Appendix Ill. Notesheet And Certificate Examples

Pane


United States Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

51.750 U.S. Fancy.

51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.
51.752 U.S. No. 1.

51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.
51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.
51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.
51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.
51.757 U.S. No. 2.

51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.
51.759 U.S. No. 3.
Tolerances

51.760 Tolerances.
Application of Tolerances
51.761 Application of tolerances.
Size

51.762 Size.

Definitions

51.763 Similar varietal characteristics.

51.764 Well colored.

51.765 Firm.

51.766 Well formed.

51.767 Mature.

51.768 Smooth texture.
51.769 Injury.

51.770 Discoloration.

51.771 Fairly well colored. -
51.772 Fairly smooth texture.
51.773 Damage.

51.774 Fairly firm.

51.775 Slightly misshapen.
51.776 Slightly rough texture.
51.777 Serious damage.
51.778 Slightly colored.
51.779 Poorly colored.
51.780 Misshapen. :
51.781 Slightly spongy.
51.782 Very serious damage.


Measuring Minimum-Maximum Rind Thickness

Outer Portion of Rind

Top of Segment

Poorly Developed
Segment

Maximum Thickness

Minimum Thickness

§51.768 “Smooth texture” means that the skin is thin and smooth for
the variety and size of the fruit. "Thin" means that the skin thickness
does not average more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm), on a central cross
section, on grapefruit 4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter.

§51.772 “Fairly smooth texture” means that the skin is fairly thin and
not coarse for the variety and size of the fruit. "Fairly thin" means
that the skin thickness does not average more than 1/2 inch

(12.7 mm), on a grapefruit-4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter.

§51.776 “Slightly rough texture” means that the skin may be slightly
thick but not excessively thick, materially ridged or grooved.
“Slightly thick" means that the skin thickness does not average more
than 5/8 inch (15.9 mm), on a central cross section, on a grapefruit
4-1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter.

Firmness (C)

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require firm fruit. The U.S. No. 2 grade
requires fairly firm fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements are scored against the
total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows slightly spongy fruit.

24


§51.1179 Method of juice extraction.

The juice used in the determining of solids, acids and juice content shall be extracted from
representative samples as thoroughly as possible with a hand reamer or by such mechanical
extractor or extractors as may be approved. The juice shall be strained through cheese cloth or
other approved straining device of extra fine mesh to prevent passage of juice cells, pulp, or
seeds.

17


§51.1163 Damage.
"Damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1175, Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which
materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

§51.1164 Fairly well colored.
“Fairly well colored" as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that except for an

aggregate area of green color which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the green color.

§51.1165 Reasonably well colored.
“Reasonably well colored" as applied to common oranges means that the characteristic color

predominate over the green color on at least two-thirds of the fruit surface, in the aggregate.
§51.1166 Poorly colored.

"Poorly colored" as applied to common oranges means that not more than 25 percent of the
surface may be solid dark green color.

§51.1167 Fairly firm.
"Fairly firm" as applied to common oranges and tangelos, means that the fruit may be slightly

soft, but not bruised; as applied to oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin),
means that the skin of the fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely loose.

§51.1168 Slightly misshapen.
"Slightly misshapen" means that the fruit is not of the shape characteristic of the variety but is not

appreciably elongated or pointed or otherwise deformed.

§51.1169 Slightly rough texture.

"Slightly rough texture" means that the skin is not of smooth texture but is not materially ridged,
grooved, or wrinkled.

§51.1170 Serious damage. -

"Serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1175, Table I; or an equally
objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the
fruit.

§51.1171 Misshapen.

"Misshapen" means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed or flatsided.

§51.1172 Slightly spongy.

“Slightly spongy" means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted but not flabby.

§51.1173 Very serious damage.

"Very serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1175, Table I; or an equally
objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of
the fruit.

§51.1174 Diameter.

"Diameter" means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom

end.

10


Color Added Fruit

Fruit color may be enhanced by placing it in a closed room and releasing
ethylene gas or exposing it to a warm coloring solution. Florida citrus laws permit the
use of artificial coloring on oranges and devote a number of pages to the proper
certification and assessment of coloring.

§51.1155 “Well colored” as applied to common oranges and tangelos
means that the fruit has characteristic color for the variety with
practically no trace of green color.

§51.1164 “Fairly well colored” as applied to common oranges and
tangelos means that except for an aggregate area of green color
which does not exceed the area of a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter, the characteristic color predominates over the green color.

§51.1165 “Reasonably well colored” as applied to common oranges
means that the characteristic color predominates over the green
color on at least two-thirds of the fruit surface, in the aggregate.

§51.1166 “Poorly colored” as applied to common oranges means
that not more than 25 percent of the surface may be solid dark green
color.

Shape (Q)

Normal shape for the variety must be considered when determining the correct
term(s) to use when describing shape. For example, the Hamlin variety is slightly oval
while the Valencia variety tends to be oblong. Minneola tangelos have a pear-like neck
and Orlando tangelos are characteristically orange shaped. Refer to the following page
for a silhouette of the Ambersweet orange variety. The shape of this variety is atypical
for oranges.

The U.S. Fancy and U.S. No. 1 grades require well formed fruit. The U.S. No. 2
grade requires not more than slightly misshapen fruit. Fruit not meeting these
tequirements shall be scored against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade
allows misshapen fruit.

17


GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage‘- Aggregating more than a circle 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 50 percent of the
surface.
TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 50 percent of the
surface.

Decay (C)

Decay is a “free from” defect and any amount is scored as very serious damage.
The most common types affecting citrus include Green Mold Rot, Blue Mold Rot, Brown
Rot, Sour Rot and Stem End Rot.

At shipping point, do not mention the type of decay or severity (stages). At
market, the type of decay is not required on the certificate, but a description of the
decay stages must be reported.

Dirt-Other Foreign Matter (Q or C)

Cleanness will seldom be a factor due to the generally sandy soil of Florida and
the washing process prior to packing. Large amounts of dirt, adhering foreign material
or residue on the fruit are scorable when they materially, seriously or very seriously
detract from the appearance, edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

Dirt is a quality factor; wax residue is a condition factor. Wax coatings may not
be evenly distributed over the fruit surface. Wax residue is scored when it is clumped,
or covers a substantial portion of the surface and detracts from the appearance. This
fact may not be readily noticeable at the time of packing because the normally clear
wax can discolor over time, hence the condition designation.


(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;

(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thorn scratches; and,

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden. .

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that not more than 30
percent, by count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate,
affected by discoloration. _

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double
A)" or "U.S. Grade A Juice" may be so specified in connection with the grade. (See §§51.1176 -
51.1179.)

§51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are the same as for U.S. No. 1 except at least 30 percent, by
count, of the fruit shall have more than one-third of their surface, in the aggregate, affected by
discoloration. The predominating discoloration on each fruit shall be of rust mite type.

(a) For tolerances see §51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the internal requirements for "U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double


Revised, February 2007, HU-152-4(c),
Page 20, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000

§51.1167 “Fairly firm” as applied to common oranges and tangelos,
means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not. bruised; as applied
to oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin),
means that the skin of the fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely
loose.

§51.1172 “Slightly spongy” means that the fruit is puffy or slightly
wilted but not flabby.

Commodity-Specific Defects

NOTE: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based on an orange or tangelo 2-7/8 inches (73.0 mm) in
diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser
areas on smaller fruit.

Creasing (Q or C)

Creasing is a condition of the rind where the inner, spongy portion (albedo)
separates and the overlaying, oil-bearing layer sinks. This appears as a transparent
irregular pattern of the rind caused by the thinning peel. Creasing, in most cases,
causes the skin to be materially weakened. The skin becomes susceptible to cracking
when placed in a tight pack or during transit.

The severity of creasing does not increase after harvest. Creases in fruit that are
subjected to hot solutions, such as in a “color-added” treatment, tend to become more
apparent. If fruit is packed too tightly or containers are stacked too high, the rind may
become sunken, watersoaked or split, which can cause an entrance for decay.

At market, creasing is scored as a quality factor unless the fruit is color added. If
the fruit or containers are marked “color added,” score all creasing as a condition factor.

§51.1175 Classification of defects. (Chart)

Damage - Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than
one-third of the surface.

Serious damage - Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more
than one-half of the surface.

Very serious damage - Very seriously weakens the skin, or is
distributed over practically the entire surface.

NOTE: Do not aggregate, consider only the total surface area that is affected.

20


(3) Not seriously lumpy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Spraybum;

(15) Sunbum; and, -

(16) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see §51.1820.

Tolerances

§51.1820 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling in each of the foregoing
grades, the following tolerances, by count, based on a minimum 25 count sample, are provided as
specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No.
1 Russet, U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point, Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than 5 percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage, including in this latter
amount not more than 1 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(i) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the specified grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more
than the following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

‘Shipping point, as used in these standards, means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area
or at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the continental
United States, the port of entry into the United States.

Ne


Serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn more
than the aggregate area of a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter.

Very serious damage - When the rind adjacent to the stem button is torn
more than the aggregate area of a circle 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter or
when the flesh is exposed. .

Scab (Q)

Scab is a common field disease in Florida and other areas with moist summers.
Temple oranges and some tangelo varieties are very susceptible to scab, while sweet
oranges exhibit considerable resistance.

Scab occurs on leaves, twigs and fruit, attacking only young host tissue.
Symptoms start as small transluscent spots which, as they grow older, become irregular
scabby areas or outgrowths ranging from buff to dark olive-gray color. The outgrowths
can be singular or may coalesce to form large raised patches of tan to gray-colored
scab. Fruit severely infected with scab while young may become misshapen due to
excessive development of the warty outgrowths.

Infected areas on grapefruit tend to be flatter than on other citrus and appear as
scaly patches as the fruit matures. These patches may flake off and leave scar tissue
similar to wind scarring or other mechanical injuries. On mature grapefruit, the skin
around the scabbed area tends to remain green.

Tangerines, compared to other Florida citrus, are the least likely to be affected
by scab.

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Serious Damage - Seriously detracting from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.
GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Serious Damage - Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or
aggregating more than a circle 718 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter.

41


United States

| Department of

Agriculture

Agricultural
Marketing
Service

Fruit and
Vegetable
Programs

Fresh
Products
Branch

United States Standards
for Grades of
Florida Tangerines

Effective February 20, 1997
(Reprinted - February 1997)


Definitions

§51.1154 Similar varietal characteristics.

"Similar varietal characteristics" means that the fruits in any container are similar in color and
shape.

§51.1155 Well colored.

“Well colored" as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that the fruit has characteristic
color for the variety with practically no trace of green color.

§51.1156 Firm.

"Firm" as applied to common oranges and tangelos means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably
wilted or flabby; as applied to oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin),
"firm" means that the fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly loose.
§51.1157 Well formed.

"Well formed" means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of the variety.

§51.1158 Mature.

"Mature" shall have the same meaning assigned the term in the Florida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,
1995 Edition, and the Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, in effect as of
February 12, 1995. These orange maturity requirements are contained in the Florida Citrus Code,
Chapter 601, Florida Statutes, Sections 601.19, and 601.20, 1995 Edition, and the State of
Florida Department of Citrus Official Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry, Part 1, Chapter
20-13 Market Classification, Maturity Standards and Processing or Packing Restrictions for
Hybrids in effect as of February 12, 1995. This incorporation by reference was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies
may be obtained from, Florida Department of Citrus, Post Office Box 148, Lakeland, Florida
33802 or copies of both regulations may be inspected at USDA, AMS, F& VD, FPB,
Standardization Section, Room 2065-S, 14th and Independence Ave., Washington, DC 20250 or
at the Office of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800 North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.
§51.1159 Smooth texture.

"Smooth texture" means that the skin is thin and smooth for the variety and size of the fruit.
§51.1160 Injury.

"Injury" means any specific defect described in §51.1175, Table I; or. an equally objectionable
variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects which
slightly detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.

§51.1161 Discoloration. .

"Discoloration" means russeting of a light shade of golden brown caused by rust mite or other
means. Lighter shades of discoloration caused by smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars or
other means may be allowed oma greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area,
provided no discoloration caused by speck type melanose or other means may detract from the
appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed for
the grade. .

§51.1162 Fairly smooth texture.

"Fairly smooth texture" means that the skin is fairly thin and not coarse for the variety and size of
the fruit.


United States Standards for Grades of Florida Tangerines

Grades

51.1810 U.S. Fancy.

51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.1819 U.S. No. 3.
~Tolerances

51.1820 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1821 Application of tolerances.

Size

51.1822 Size.

Definitions

51.1823 Mature. -

51.1824 Firm.”

51.1825 Well formed.

51.1826 Damage.

51.1827 Highly colored.

51.1828 Discoloration.

51.1829 Well colored.

51.1830 Fairly well colored.

51.1831 Fairly firm. -
51.1832 Fairly well formed.

51.1833 Serious damage.

51.1834 Reasonably well colored.
51.1835 Very serious damage.

51.1836 Diameter.

51.1837 Classification of defects.

Grades

§51.1810 U.S. Fancy. ,
"U.S. Fancy" consists of tangerines which meet the following requirements:
(a) Basic requirements: :
(1) Discoloration: Not more than one-tenth of the surface, in the aggregate, may be affected by

1


SECTION FOUR - TANGERINES

eee eee eee
(17) Specific Factors and Defects

Color (Q)

“Color” refers to the degree of yellow, orange or reddish blush and not to
discoloration caused by rust mite, speck type melanose, and smooth-fairly smooth
superficial scars. Judge only that part of the fruit that is not discolored. If the fruit is
totally "bronzed," it would meet the requirements of “well colored" since there is
“practically no trace of green color." Therefore, "well colored" on a U.S. No. 1 lot would
have the same meaning as "well colored" on a U.S. No. 1 Bronze lot.

When determining color,.examine the fruit in normal daylight whenever possible.
Fruit appears greener in poor lighting conditions or under “artificial” light.

The U.S. Fancy grade requires highly colored fruit. The U.S. No. 1 grade
requires fairly well colored fruit. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires reasonably well colored
fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements are scored against the total grade tolerance.
The U.S. No. 3 grade has no color requirements. Tangerines of any color are permitted
in this grade.

§51.1827 “Highly colored” means that the ground color of each fruit
is a deep tangerine color, or characteristic color for the variety, with
practically no trace of yellow color.

§51.1829 “Well colored” means that a good yellow or better ground
color predominates over the green color on the entire fruit surface
with no distinct green color present, and that some portion of the
surface has a reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the
variety.

§51.1830 “Fairly well colored” means that the surface of the fruit may
have green color which does not exceed the aggregate area of a
circle 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter and that the remainder of
the surface has a yellow or better ground color with some portion of
the surface showing reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color
for the variety.

§51.1834 “Reasonably well colored” means that a good yellow or reddish
tangerine color shall predominate over the green color on at least one-half
of the fruit surface in the aggregate, and that each fruit shall show
practically no lemon color.

28


Revised, April 2004, HU-147-4(a)
Page 4, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000

Sampling for Internal Defects

The following plans are designed to provide efficient and accurate methods
for determining intemal defects in citrus. These defects include dryness-mushy
Condition (freezing injury), granulation (tree dryness), sprouted seeds, or any other
defect that cannot be detected without cutting the fruit.

There are two specific cutting plans. Plan A is used when intemal defects
are almost certain to be present, e.g., immediately following a freeze or in late spring
and summer months when granulation (tree dryness) may be a factor. Plan B is
used when internal defects are suspected. Plan B detects internal defects while
destroying a minimum amount of fruit. Both plans are based on the initial sample
size of 25 fruit.

Plan A. After the sample has been examined for external defects, select the
10 most suspicious fruit without regard to external defects and cut these for intemal
defects. If no defects are found, do not cut any other specimens from that sample.
Continue to cut 10 fruit per sample provided no internal defects are found. If one or
more internal defects are found, cut the remaining fruit in the sample to determine
the percentage of internal defects. At Market, if sample tolerances are exceeded,
the sample size must be at least doubled (50 fruit or entire contents if less that 50
fruit in the container). Continue to cut all fruit in each sample until a sample is found
free from intemal defects. Revert to cutting 10 fruit per sample when no intemal
defects are found. This does not apply to bagged lots because the entire contents of
the bag have already been cut. At SPI, do not deviate from the in-line certification
sampling size.

Plan B is similar to Plan A; the only difference is if no intemal defects are
found, Plan B requires cutting 10 fruit from every fourth sample. Cutting should
Start with the first sample taken and continue with every fourth sample thereafter. ***

Select the 10 most suspicious fruit without regard to external defects from
every fourth sample and cut them for intemal defects. If no internal defects are
found in the 10 fruit, continue to cut the 10 most suspicious fruit from every fourth
sample. If one or more defects are found, cut the remaining fruit in the sample,
unless the sample tolerances are exceeded. When exceeded, increase sample size
to 50 fruit or entire contents if containing less than 50 fruit, and begin using Plan A
(not applicable to bagged lots). Cut either 10 fruit or all fruit in the sample according
to Plan A until 5 consecutive samples are free from intemal defects. Revert to
Cutting 10 fruit from every fourth sample at this point. At Market, if sample
tolerances are exceeded, the sample size must be at least doubled (50 fruit or entire
contents). At SPI, do not deviate from the in-line certification sample size. ,


Serious Damage - Blotch aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4
mm) in diameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1-1/2
inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface. :

Scars-Hail-Thorn Scratches (Q)

Citrus is very susceptible to scarring. This defect can be caused by many factors
while still on the tree (thrips and other insects; wind, hail, thorn scratches, mechanical
injuries, etc.). —

Scars are judged on the basis of depth and smoothness. {f scars are superficial
and smooth or fairly smooth, they are scored on the basis of discoloration (refer to the
Discoloration section). All other scarring is based on the following guidelines:

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more
than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade.

Damage - Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch

(6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating
more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly
smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1-1/4 inches
(31.8 mm) in diameter.

Serious Damage - Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle
41/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth
aggregating more than a circle 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter;
smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than
10 percent of fruit surface.

Very Serious Damage - Deep or rough or unsightly that appearance
is very seriously affected.

43


Sampling Bulk Loads

Bulk loads (volume-filled trailers, pallet boxes, bulk bins, etc.) may contain up to
60,000 pounds of fruit. The method of reporting defective fruit in bulk shipments is
identical to fruit packed in containers.

When determining the minimum number of samples drawn from a bulk shipment,
divide the loads’ approximate net weight by the appropriate “packed net weight"
(grapefruit — 42 pounds, oranges and tangelos — 45 pounds, tangerines — 47 pounds).
This calculation provides a 4/5 bushel equivalent. EXAMPLE: Net weight of an orange
load is approximate 57,000 pounds; 57,000 + 45 (packed net weight) = 1267 cartons.
Use the calculated carton equivalent as a guide when determining the number of
samples to be examined. :

Examine a minimum of 25 contiguous fruit per sample. When a sample
tolerance is exceeded, the sample size must be at least doubled. Report range and
averages in the appropriate sections on the certificate.

When determining size, measure random fruit from each sample and record the
range on the notesheet. On the certificate, report the range and, if needed, include a
"mostly" statement.

Number of Samples

Due to potential variations in size, quality and condition, a specific number of
samples per load or lot cannot be provided. It is the inspector's responsibility to
examine a sufficient number of samples to ensure that a complete and accurate
depiction of the load or lot is obtained. The following information should be used for
sampling guidelines:

SHIPPING POINT: :
In-line Certification - A minimum of one sample for every 200 containers
packed, or 1/2 of 1% of the total containers packed is the recommended sampling rate.

Stationary Lots — A minimum of 1 percent of the packages within a load or lot is
recommended with a minimum of three samples examined on any lot.

MARKET:

A minimum of 1 percent of the packages within a load or lot is recommended.
For lots containing less than 100 packages, a minimum of three samples shall be
examined.


Juice sacs of granulated fruit remain swollen and do not separate from each
other or the segment walls. In such cases, the juice is displaced by yellow to grayish-
white solid matter. Affected fruit will generally feel firm, but very light in weight.

Frequently, tree dryness will occur in larger sizes with very little or none in
smaller sizes. In such instances, report dryness according to sizes, or by the
percentage found in large sizes versus those that do not have dryness. If certain sizes
fail to grade, report those separately from the lots that grade.

Dryness-granulation will not be detected with any degree of accuracy by external
indication alone. For positive verification, use the procedures outlined in the section
Cutting for Dryness or Mushy Condition.

Green Spots (Q)

Green spots are common on tangerines and, to a lesser extent, on tangelos.
This defect is not frequently seen on oranges and grapefruit. Green spots are caused
by scale settling on young fruit and subsequently washed or rubbed off during the
grading-packing process. Green spots are often noticeable where the scale had once
been attached.

ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter,
caused by scale.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in
diameter, caused by scale.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm)
in diameter, caused by scale.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface,
caused by scale.

: GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter, caused by scale.

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter, caused by scale.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter, caused by scale.

37


SECTION TWO - ORANGES AND TANGELOS

(15) Specific Factors and Defects

Color (Q)

“Color” refers to the degree of yellow or orange color. It does not relate to
discoloration caused by rust mite, speck type melanose, and smooth-fairly smooth
superficial scars. When determining color, judge only that part of the fruit not
discolored. If fruit is totally "bronzed," it would meet the requirements of “well colored"
since there is "practically no trace of green color." Therefore, “well colored" on a
U.S. No. 1 lot would have the same meaning as "well colored" on a U.S. No. 1 Bronze
lot.

When determining if a lot meets color requirements, examine the fruit in normal
daylight. Fruit appears greener in poor lighting conditions or under “artificial” light.

The U.S. Fancy grade requires well colored fruit. The U.S. No. 1 grade requires
early and midseason fruit to be fairly well colored. For late varieties, the U.S. No. 1
grade requires not less than 50 percent, by count per sample, be fairly well colored with
the remainder reasonably well colored. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires reasonably well
colored fruit. Fruit not meeting these requirements shall be scored against the total
grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows fruit to be poorly colored.

“Early type" are those which have a normal maturing season corresponding to
that of Parson Brown and Hantlin varieties, (September to February).

“Midseason type" are those having a normal maturing period corresponding to
that of Pineapple oranges and seedlings, (December to March).

“Late type" are those having a normal maturing season corresponding to that of
Valencia and Pope varieties, (March to July).

"Emerald" or "Satsuma" citrus fruit varieties are normally marketed with green
color. The U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges shall be used as the basis for
inspection. Generally, this fruit will not meet the color requirements for the grade.
Inform the applicant of this factor prior to performing the inspection. Report under
“REMARKS’ that "the inspector stated to the applicant that the fruit will not meet the
color requirements of the grade." Cross reference the defects and report the following

‘-under the “GRADE” statement: "Fails to grade U.S. No.1 account quality defects
(color).”: For certifying various varieties of citrus see Appendix II (Directive FPB-618,
dated December 10, 1998).

16


———— ss

(8) Size

Size is not part of the basic requirements for grades of citrus. A lot of citrus can
fail to meet size requirements and still meet grade requirements or vice versa.

There are minimum size requirements in the Florida marketing order for oranges,
tangerines and grapefruit. Fruit must meet these requirements to be shipped out of the
“regulated” area. For further information, SPi inspectors should contact their district
supervisor and market inspectors should contact Headquarters in Washington, D.C. or
the Marketing Order Administration Branch.

Use the term “fairly uniform’ if a lot meets size requirements, “irregular” if size
requirements are not met.

To meet the requirements of fairly uniform, the smallest and largest fruit ina
sample must be sized using a tigid-jaw caliper. To determine diameter, the greatest
dimension measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end shall be used.
Rotate fruit in the caliper to obtain the greatest dimension. Do not use pliable fruit that
is squeezed out of shape due to tight pack for this measurement.

SPI inspectors shall follow the in-line certification guidelines for sample size. A
maximum of two fruit per 25 count sample are allowed to vary more than 1/2 inch in
diameter and still be considered fairly uniform. {f any 25.count sample has more than 2
fruit that vary more than this amount, the inspector must examine at least 50 fruit for
containers containing 50 or more fruit. If the sample tolerance of 10% is still exceeded,
that sample will be considered irregular. If more than 10 percent of the samples are
irregular, the lot is irregular and this fact stated on the notesheet and/or certificate.
When 10% or less of the samples are irregular, the lot shall be reported as fairly
uniform.

When requested to determine a specific size at market, e.g.,100 size oranges,
32 size grapefruit, 120 size tangerines etc., report a range and average diameter. If
requested by the applicant, the inspector may pack the fruit to determine compliance
with the “designated” size. This procedure must be performed with a DOC-01-P carton
or equivalent (a DOC label will be visible on the carton bottom). Inform the applicant
that this may be a lengthy process and additional expenses will be incurred. Contact
the DOC for specific information on pack arrangement for different sizes.

To meet size requirements, fruit must be fairly uniform in size and packed
according to approved and recognized methods. “Approved and recognized methods”
means that size will be determined at shipping point using specific pack patterns ina
standard 4/5 bushel container, and that containers shall be well filled. “Well filled”
means when at least one-half of the top layer fruit is not more than. 1/2 inch below the
top or more than 2 inches above the top of the container.

11

we


Central core

Flavedo (skin) Albedo (rag)

_+ Seed
Segment

Oil sacks

Segment wall

Juice sacks


Total soluble solids (average pct) | Maximum anhydrous citric acid Minimum ratio of total soluble
(average pct) |__ solids to anhydrous citric acid

13.0.....--.00s-00- 1.530 8.50-1
13. 1541 8.50-1

1.553 8.50-1
1.565 8.50-1
1,576 8.50-1

1,588 8.50-1
1.600 8.50-1
1.612 8.50-1

1.624 8.50-1

1.635 8.50-1

1.647 8.50-1
1.659 8.50-1

Le7i 8.50-1
1.682 8.50-1
1.694 8.50-1

1.705 8.50-1

1.718 8.50-1
1,729 8.50-1

1.741 8.50-1
1.753 8.50-1

1.765 8.50-1

1776 8.50-1

1.788 8.50-1
1.800 8.50-1
1,812 8.50-1

1.824 8.50-1
8.50-1

16


Revised, February 2007, HU-152-4(d),
Page 21, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000

Stem End Aging (C)

Stem end aging is a condition that is found primarily in late varieties. The fruit
appears to dry out, generally at thé stem end. Other characteristics may include
discolored, bumpy or rough areas at the stem end only, or minute, concentric cracks
around the stem scar that are gray to tan in color.

Damage - When darker than a light shade of golden brown and exceeding more
than a circle 1 inch in diameter.

Serious damage - When darker than a light shade of golden brown and
exceeding more than a circle 1-1/2 inches in diameter.

Very serious damage - When darker than a light shade of golden brown and
exceeding more than 50 percent of the surface.

NOTE: Do not aggregate, consider only the total surface area that is affected.
If these areas are wilted, shriveled, pitted, or the oil glands are collapsed and sunken,
they are to be scored as skin breakdown: Please refer to the section on skin
breakdown for additional information.

Split, Rough or Protruding Navel (Q)

Split, rough or protruding navels generally occur on navel oranges. Consider any
unhealed split to be very serious damage.

§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Injury - Split is unhealed, or more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) in length, or
navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is.so wide,
folded and ridged that it detracts from the appearance.

Damage - Split is unhealed, or more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in length,
or more than three well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the
general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it
detracts from appearance.

Serious Damage - Split is unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)
in length, or two or more splits aggregating more than 1 inch (25.4
mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and
opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from the
appearance. _

Very Serious Damage - Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously
weakened.

21

eed


a
(3) Tolerances

§51.1151, 51.760, 51.1820 Tolerances (a) Defects (1) U.S. No 1...

(i) For defects at shipping point. Not more than 10 percent of the
fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of the specified
grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 5
percent shall be allowed for defects causing very serious damage,
including in this latter amount not more than 1 percent for decay or
wormy fruit. .

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent
of the fruit which fail to meet the requirements of the specified
grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than the
following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including
therein not more than 5 percent for very serious damage by
‘permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy
fruit.

(b) Discoloration...(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright,
U.S. No.2...Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements relating to discoloration as specified in each
grade. No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with
excessive discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot
averages within the percentage specified.

For requirements-tolerances on U.S. Golden, Bronze and Russet grades, please
refer to the discoloration chart on page 14.

SUMMARY OF TOLERANCES FOR U.S. NO. 1

SPI MKT
. (percent) (percent)
A. Discoloration 10 10
B. Defects other than discoloration, including 10 12
1. Permanent defects, (included in B) 10 10
2. Very serious damage, (included in B and 1)
a. Very serious damage by permanent
defects, (included in 1 and 2)
b. Decay or wormy fruit (included in 2) 1 3

Nee


As a guide for the U.S. No. 1 grade, allow two fairly smooth dark brown to black
halo circles, each 1-1/4 inches in diameter, which affect the appearance the same as
one-third of the surface having a light shade of golden brown. Allow less diameter
when the ring area is solid and more diameter when ring area is lighter in color.

As a guide for the U.S. No. 2 grade, allow three fairly smooth dark brown to black
halo circles, each 1-1/4 inches in diameter, which affect the appearance the same as
one-half of the surface having a light shade of golden brown. Allow less diameter
when the ring area is solid and more diameter when ring area is lighter in color.

When cluster rings do not occur as superficially smooth-fairly smooth areas on
the fruit, report as “cluster ring scars” and score against the general lot tolerance.

As a guide, score cluster ring scars as damage when areas are raised and very
rough, aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch in diameter; raised and rough
aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter; raised and slightly rough aggregating
more than 10 percent of the fruit surface.

Score cluster ring scars as serious damage when areas are raised and very
rough, aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter, raised and rough aggregating
more than 5 percent of the fruit surface; raised and slightly rough aggregating more
than 15 percent of the fruit surface.

Score cluster ring scars as very serious damage when raised or very rough or
unsightly to the point that the appearance is very seriously affected.

When areas occur slightly raised and rough with a grayish to light brown color;
which will not take a sheen after the waxing-polishing process, report as cluster ring
scars and score on the following basis:

Damage - When aggregating more than a circle 1-1/4 inches in diameter.
Serious damage - When aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.

Very Serious Damage - When aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.

Sprouted Seeds (C)

During the latter part of the season, inspectors are instructed to check grapefruit
for sprouted seeds. Seeds generally do not exhibit sprouting before the early part of
March.

When cutting to detect sprouting, use the following procedures:

4. Cuta slice, approximately 1 inch in width, from both the stem and blossom
ends.

26


FPB-618
12/10/98

(continued from previous page)

ORANGES CITRUS FRUIT
Boone's Early **Clementines
Conner's Seedless **Osceola
Hurds **Wilking
Walker's Early **Kara
Jaffa **Kiriow
Red Navel **Ponkan
Queen **Apply the tangerine
Ruby standards
Seedling
Star Calyx
Pineapple ***Melogold
Pope Summer ***Pummelos
Homosassa ***Homli
Rhodes Red ***No established U.S. grade
Lamb's Late
Ambersweet
TANGELOS
Nova
Orlando
Minneola

This list is not inclusive. Whenever a new variety is encountered it will be
classified as to what the fruit most closely resembles. Tangerines are
generally smaller than oranges, and the rind and fruit sections are loosely
adherent. Therefore, when fruit is small and the rind and fruit sections are
loosely adherent, the fruit shall be inspected based on the tangerine
standards. If the fruit does not meet these criteria, it shall be inspected based
upon the orange standards. Grapefruit are generally easier to identify.

For import requirément certification at port of entry use the following: for
grapefruit, apply the U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit and
the Florida State maturity requirements; and, for oranges, apply the U.S.
Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than Florida,
California and Arizona) and the Texas State maturity requirements, except
for navel oranges, in which case apply the U.S. Standards for Grades of
Oranges (California and Arizona) and the Texas State maturity

requirements.

Page 2


(B) 7 percent for defects causing very serious damage, including therein not more than 5 percent
for very serious damage by permanent defects and not more than 3 percent for decay or wormy
fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point’. Not more than 10 percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to
meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than 1
percent shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than the
following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements relating to discoloration as
specified in each grade. No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage
specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of
their surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be
allowed to increase this percentage. No sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with
excessive discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the
percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit shall have in
excess of one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any
tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less than 20 percent of
the fruit with required discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within
the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-half of the
surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed
to reduce this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the
percentage specified.
Application of Tolerances

§51.1821 Application of tolerances.
Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless otherwise specified in

§51.1820. Individual samples shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified
tolerance of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerances of less than 10
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be permitted in any sample:

‘Shipping point, as used in these standards, means the point of origin of the shipment in the producing area
or at port of loading for ship stores or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments from outside the continental
United States, the port of entry into the United States.


iS
(4) Application of Tolerances

§51.1152, 51.761, 51.1821 Individual samples are subject to the
following limitations, unless otherwise specified in §51.1151, 51.760,
51.1820 (respectively). Individual samples shall have not more than
one and one-half times a specified tolerance of 10 percent or more,
and not more than double a specified tolerance of less than 10
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be
permitted in any sample: And provided further, that the averages for
the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for the grade.

SUMMARY OF APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES FOR U.S. NO. 1

SPI MKT

. (percent) (percent)
A. Discoloration 20 20
B. Defects other than discoloration, including 15 18
1. Permanent defects, (included in B) 15 16
2. Very serious damage, (included in B and 1) 10 14
a. Very serious damage by permanent 10 10

defects, (included in 1 and 2)
b. Decay or wormy fruit (included in 2) 2 6

(5) Notesheet and Certificate

Entries on notesheets and certificates must be legible and accurate. Notesheet
entries shall be recorded so anyone familiar with inspection procedures can interpret
and write a certificate. It is the responsibility of the inspector to ensure that all
information is properly recorded before the inspection is completed.

Headings on Notesheets
Detailed instructions not covered by this handbook (date, inspection point, place

of inspection, carrier type, lading, etc.) may be found in the General Inspection
Instructions.

Pek h


Appendix II

United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Marketing Service
Fruit and Vegetable Programs

Fresh Products Branch Directive

FPB-618
12/10/98

I. PURPOSE

II BACKGROUND

i POLICY

CERTIFYING VARIOUS VARIETIES OF CITRUS

This directive is to set forth and standardize Branch policy when inspecting
varieties of citrus. _

There is a considerable amount of confusion as to which grade standards
apply to certain varieties of citrus, this directive should alleviate the
confusion. This supersedes the Administrative Letter dated January 23,
1984, and any other references to certifying varieties of citrus.

To maintain uniformity of inspection procedures and results, the Branch
policy is as follows:

The headings in the following chart indicate how the fruit shall be certified
and what standard they shall be certified under. For varieties in the
“ORANGES” column, report as “ORANGES” in the product heading on the
certificate, except for “TANGELOS” report as “TANGELOS” and apply the
U.S. Standards for Oranges (based on the State in which the fruit is grown).
For varieties in the “TANGERINES” column, report as “TANGERINES” in °
the product heading on the certificate and apply the U.S. Standards for
Tangerines (based on the State in which the fruit is grown). For varieties in
thé “CITRUS FRUIT” column, report as “CITRUS FRUIT” in the product
heading on the certificate. For the varieties with one asterisk apply the U.S.
Standards for Oranges (based on the State in which the fruit is grown). For
varieties with two asterisks apply the U.S. Standards for Tangerines (based
on the State in which the fruit is grown). For the varieties with three
asterisks do not apply any standards (no established U.S. grade).

ORANGES

TANGERINES CITRUS FRUIT

Blood (Sanguina)

Navel

Temple(Royal Mandarin)
Parson Brown

Hamlin
Valencia

Lue Gim Gongs

Dancy

Sunburst

Robinson

Algerian

Fairchild

Honey Tangerine (Murcott)
Fallglo

*King Oranges

*Page

*Lee

*Sour Orange

*K-Early

*Seminole

*Satsumas or Emerald
*Apply the orange standards

Distribution:

Originating Office:

File Maintenance Instructions:

HQ, FS, CM, EM

FM,
Standardization

File in Directive Binder and replace
FPB Directive dated 11/14/96 with this version.


SBN with
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ss, TOTAL:

Appendix 3 - ii

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Buiseap,



United States
Department of
Agriculture

Agricultural
Marketing
Service

Fruit and
Vegetable
Programs

Fresh
Products
Branch

United States Standards
for Grades of
Florida Grapefruit

Effective February 20, 1997
(Reprinted - February 1997)


If an FV-187 is not available, the following information should accompany the
sample: date and location of sampling, name of applicant, car/truck or lot number,
markings, type and number of containers, and name of the inspector that obtained the
sample.

Inspectors analyzing officially drawn samples shail report the following statement
under REMARKS:

"The sample covered by this certificate was officially drawn by on

mm/dd/yy, at as shown on attached Notice of Sampling No.

(a
(11) Discoloration (Q)

The standards provide additional grades based on discoloration caused by rust
mite, smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars, speck type melanose or other means
(refer to the discoloration chart). :

The term “excessive discoloration" describes discoloration affecting the
appearance more than the grade allows. This term is used because fruit may be
scored against the U.S. No. 1 grade due to the intensity, or type of discoloration, and
not be in excess of 1/3 of the surface. The same principle applies to the other grades.
For example, light smooth scars which do not cover more than 1/4 of the surface of the
fruit may affect the appearance more than 1/3 of the surface of a light shade of golden
brown discoloration and, therefore, be scored as excessive discoloration against the
U.S. No. 1 grade.

Excessive discoloration must be reported separately from other quality defects,
except in the U.S. Fancy grade. The U.S. Fancy grade does not provide a separate or
additional tolerance for fruit affected by excessive discoloration. Also, any unused
portion of the general lot tolerance of any grade may not be used for fruit affected by
excessive discoloration and vice versa.

The U.S. No. 3 grade does not have any requirements concerning excessive
discoloration and it is not scored.

13


FPB-618
12/10/98

Inspections requested for non-domestic (imported) fruit other than at port of
entry or when import requirements are not in effect, the fruit shall be
inspected based on the standards that the fruit most closely resemble; this is
in regard to texture, thickness of skin, discoloration and scarring. If a
quality and condition inspection is requested, the maturity standards for the
USS. Standards being used shall apply.

Kemal hgh

Acting Branch Chief

Page 3


Characteristic Shape for the Ambersweet Orange Variety

§51.1157 “Well formed” means that the fruit has the shape
characteristic of the variety.

§51.1168 “Slightly misshapen” means that the fruit is not of the
shape characteristic of the variety but is not appreciably elongated
or pointed or otherwise deformed.

§51.1171 “Misshapen” means that the fruit is decidedly elongated,
pointed or flatsided.

Texture (Q)

“Texture” refers to smoothness or roughness of the skin. This factor will vary
considerably with the size and variety of fruit. Larger sizes are normally rougher than
smaller sizes of the same variety. Therefore, when reporting “smooth” or “fairly smooth”
texture, the size and variety must be considered when determining the proper
descriptive term.

In most cases, the texture and thickness of skin are relative to each another,
e.g., fairly thin skinned fruit is fairly smooth. However, if they do not coincide (thick skin
with fairly smooth texture or thin skin with rough texture, for example) report each factor

separately.

The U.S. Fancy grade requires fruit to have smooth texture. The U.S. No. 1
grade requires fruit to have fairly smooth texture. The U.S. No. 2 grade requires fruit to
have not more than slightly rough texture. Fruit not meeting these requirements are
scored against the total grade tolerance. The U.S. No. 3 grade allows fruit to have

rough texture.

18


Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Skin is hard and aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch
(19.1 mm) in diameter.

Serious Damage - Skin is hard and aggregating more than a circle
1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Stem Buttons and Attached Stems-Leaves

Stem buttons and attached stems-leaves are not defects and should not
mentioned on the certificate unless specifically requested by the applicant. Upon
request, the inspector may determine the percentage of fruit with stem buttons
attached/missing or with attached/missing stems-leaves. Report the findings in
percentages or general terms in the “DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS?” on the FV-184
or in the “OTHER” section of the FV-300. Reference the applicant's request of these
factors under “REMARKS.”

Sunburn (Q)

This defect appears as a toughened area of the rind caused by exposure to
intense sunlight. The area will usually have a bleached appearance or a deep yellow
color and definite flattening of the fruit surface in that area. The yellow surface may
have a brown or gray center where surface cells have died. Flesh under the affected
area will be dried out, containing little or no juice.

Certain varieties may have a small amount of externally-visible sunburn but can
exhibit a great deal more when cut.”

ALL CITRUS
§51.1175, 51.784, 51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the affected
area exceeds 25 percent of the surface.

Serious Damage - Skin is hard and affects more than one-third of the
surface.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 50 percent of the
surface.

47


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Revised, April 2008, HU-153-4(a),
Page 30, Florida Citrus, Shipping Point and Market
Inspection Instructions, September 2000

ee flesh” means that the skin has separated from the flesh over more than 1/2 the

area of the fruit. “Seriously separated from the flesh” means that the skin has

separated from the flesh over the entire area of the fruit.
keke

Commodity-Specific Defects

NOTE: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this
standard are based on a tangerine 2-1/2 inches (63.5 mm) in diameter, allowing
proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Grooving (Q)

Grooving, on oranges and grapefruit, is included in the texture requirements for
each grade. However, there are no texture requirements for tangerines except in the
U.S. No. 3 grade. When encountering grooving on tangerines, the scoring guideline is
the general defintion for damage, serious damage and very serious damage. Refer to
orange model G-2, which illustrates damage by grooving. Tangerines appearing worse
than the model are a defect, based on materially, seriously or very seriously detracting
from the appearance of the fruit.

30


DISCOLORATION CHART

Area Area
Grade Allowed Required Tolerance Sample
(surface) (surface) Tolerance
"U.S. #1, Bright 415 ~ 10% 20%
U.S. #1 113 _ 10% 20%
U. S. #1, Golden 113, _ 30% 40%
U.S. #1, Bronze* _— 1/3 at least 30% at least
20%
U.S. #1, Russet = — 13 atleast30% —_ atleast
: 20%
U.S. #2, Bright 15 — 10% 20%
U.S. #2 1/2 _ 10% 20%
U.S. #2, Russet _ 112 at least 10% 0

*The predominating type of discoloration on each fruit shall be of rust mite type.

§51.1161, 51.770, 51.1828 “Discoloration” means russeting of a light
shade of golden brown caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter
shades of discoloration caused by smooth or fairly smooth
superficial scars or other means may be allowed on a greater area,
or darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area provided no
discoloration caused by speck type melanose or other means may
detract from the appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the
shade and amount of discoloration allowed for the grade.

a
(12) Similar Varietal Characteristics (Q)

Oranges-Grapefruit only (not a Tangerine requirement)

The USDA Inspection Service does not certify variety. When variety is in
question, the inspector shall inform interested parties that only the “type” may be
certified. When type is a factor in a load of Oranges-Grapefruit, such as distinctly
different extemal colors or shapes, this will be considered a defect. This defect shall be
reported as dissimilar varietal characteristics and scored as a quality factor. At shipping
point, score against the total tolerance for the grade. At market, score against the
tolerance for permanent defects. Do not confuse this defect with fruit that does not

14


—S\

percent shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at destination. Not more than 12 percent of the fruit which fail to
meet the requirements of the grade: Provided, that included in this amount not more than the
following percentages shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.

(1) U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10
percent of the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the requirements relating to discoloration as
specified in each grade. No sample may have more than 20 percent of the fruit with excessive
discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage
specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than 30 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-third of
their surface, in the aggregate, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed to increase this
percentage. No sample may have more than 40 percent of the fruit with excessive discoloration:
And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1 Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit shall have in
excess of one-third of the surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any
tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this percentage. No sample may have less than 20 percent
of the fruit with required discoloration: And provided further, that the entire lot averages
within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10 percent of the fruit shall have in excess of one-half of the
surface, in the aggregate, affected by discoloration, and no part of any tolerance shall be allowed
to reduce this percentage: And provided further, that the entire lot averages within the
percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

§51.1152 Application of tolerances.

Individual samples are subject to the following limitations, unless otherwise specified in
§51.1151. Individual samples shall have not more than one and one-half times a specified
tolerance of 10 percent or more, and not more than double a specified tolerance of less than 10
percent: Provided, that at least one decayed or wormy fruit may be permitted in any sample:
And provided further, that the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified for
the grade. -

Size

§51.1153 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in size and shall be packed in containers according to approved
and recognized methods.

(b) "Fairly uniform in size" means that not more than 10 percent of the oranges per sample may
vary more than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing, not more than 10 percent of the
samples in any lot may fail to meet the requirements of size.


SECTION ONE

THE INFORMATION IN THIS SECTION APPLIES
TO ALL CITRUS EXCEPT AS NOTED IN SECTION 12

Os

(1) General

These inspection instructions apply to oranges, tangelos, grapefruit, and
tangerines grown in the state of Florida.

The Florida Department of Citrus (DOC) publishes regulations for citrus grown
and packed in the state. For specific information on these regulations, telephone the
DOC at 863-499-2531.

The following grade standards shall be used for import certification at ports of
entry:

Oranges - U.S. Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States other than

Florida, California and Arizona) and the Texas maturity requirements apply,

except for navel oranges in which case the U.S. Standards for Grades of

Oranges (California and Arizona) shall apply with the Texas maturity

requirements.

Grapefruit - U.S. Standards for Grades of Florida Grapefruit and the Florida
maturity requirements shall apply. :

Tangerines - There are no import requirements.

For inspections requested on imported fruit other than at port of entry, or when
import requirements are not in effect, the grade standard the fruit most closely
resembles (texture, thickness of skin, discoloration and scarring) shall be applied. Ifa
quality and condition inspection is requested, maturity standards for the U.S. standards
being used shall apply. 7

a

(2) Sampling

Representative Sampling

The importance of obtaining representative samples cannot be over-
emphasized. Accurate certification is possible only if the samples examined are truly
representative of the entire lot or accessible portion. All portions of a lot or load shall


§51.1829 Well colored.
"Well colored" means that a good yellow or better ground color predominates over the green

color on the entire fruit surface with no distinct green color present, and that some portion of the
surface has a reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the variety.

§51.1830 Fairly well colored.

"Fairly well colored" means that the surface of the fruit may have green color which does not.
exceed the aggregate area of a circle 1-1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter and that the remainder
of the surface has a yellow or better ground color with some portion of the surface showing
reddish tangerine blush, or characteristic color for the variety.

§51.1831 Fairly firm.

"Fairly firm" means that the flesh may be slightly soft but is not bruised or badly puffy, and that
the skin has not become seriously separated from the flesh of the tangerine.

§51.1832 Fairly well formed.

"Fairly well formed" means that the fruit may not have the shape characteristic of the variety but
that it is not badly deformed.

§51.1833 Serious damage.

"Serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1837, Table I; or an equally
objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the
fruit.

§51.1834 Reasonably well colored.

"Reasonably well colored" means that a good yellow or reddish tangerine color shall predominate
over the green color on at least one-half of the fruit surface in the aggregate, and that each fruit
shall show practically no lemon color.

§51.1835 Very serious damage.
"Very serious damage" means any specific defect described in §51.1837, Table I; or an equally

objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of
defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of
the fruit.

§51.1836 Diameter.
"Diameter" means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom

end.


ORANGES - TANGERINES
Damage - when aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in

diameter.
Serious Damage - when aggregating more than 1-1/4 inch (31.8 mm) in
diameter.
Very Serious Damage - when aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
Damage - when aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - when aggregating more than a circle 1-3/8 inch
(34.9 mm) in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - when aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Flesh Color and Seed Count

There are citrus varieties that may be identified by flesh color and number (or
absence) of seeds, but this method is not completely reliable. Some pink and red
varieties can have lighter shades of red flesh color during the early part of the season
than during mid-season. During late season, the pink or red color may fade to a cloudy
or milky appearance, showing little or no pink color. The number of seeds per fruit may
vary depending on growing conditions and the genetic makeup of the fruit.

When determining flesh color, randomly select 10 fruit from each sample, make
a center cut, perpendicular to a line from stem to blossom end, and examine each
portion.

When determining seed count, randomly select 10 fruit from each sample, follow
the cutting procedures outlined in the Sprouted Seeds section, and count all seeds
found.

The determination of flesh color-seed count is only by applicant's request.
Report these factors in the "OTHER" section of the FV-300 or in the "REMARKS"
section of the FV-184. Example (Grapefruit): In cut samples, 65% have white flesh,
35% have pink flesh, reported at applicant's request. (Oranges): In cut samples, 65%
have orange flesh, 35% have red flesh, reported at applicant's request. Example: In cut
samples, fruit generally contains 3 to 12 seeds, mostly 2 to 7 seeds per fruit, reported at
applicant's request. :

ade

presse ce - : a:

35

Smee


DIFFERENT DIAMETERS

pumeter | aig" | vat | aan | 3ven | wn | sie | aya" | ise | oan
1/16" 1 4 1 | 36 | 63 | 99 | 143 | 194 | 253.
1/8" 1 4 9 16 | 25 36 49 | 64
a" 1 | 214] 4 | 614 | 9 | 1244] 16

3/8" 1 | 1-34] 234 | 4 | 512] 7

nN" 1 | 1-25 | 2-144 | 3 4
5/8" 1. | 1-25 | 2 | 242
aya" 1 | 1168 | 1-34
718" 1 | 1-28

1 1

EXAMPLES

TO COMPARE THE AREA OF A SMALL CIRCLE WITH A LARGER ONE, SELECT
THE DIAMETER OF THE SMALL CIRCLE FROM THE VERTICAL LIST ON THE LEFT
SIDE. FOLLOW THE HORIZONTAL ROW BESIDE THIS DIAMETER TO THE RIGHT
AND STOP UNDER THE DIAMETER OF THE LARGER CIRCLE TO BE COMPARED.
THIS WILL SHOW THE AREA OF THE NUMBER OF SMALL CIRCLES NEEDED TO
EQUAL THE AREA OF THE LARGER CIRCLE.

EXAMPLES:

IT TAKES NINE CIRCLES 1/8" IN DIAMETER TO- EQUAL
THE AREA OF A CIRCLE 3/8" IN DIAMETER; OR,

IT TAKES 1-2/5 CIRCLES % INCH IN DIAMETER TO
EQUAL THE AREA OF A CIRCLE 5/8" IN DIAMETER; OR,

IT TAKES 4 CIRCLES 3/8" IN DIAMETER TO EQUAL THE
AREA OF A CIRCLE 3/4" IN DIAMETER.

Sen


- Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface,
caused by scale.

TANGERINES
§51.1837 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

Caked Melanose (Q)

Melanose occurs as small brown raised spots, approximately pin head size.
These spots may coalesce to form large scab-like patches known as “caked melanose”.
When scattered over the fruit surface, they are scored as discoloration (speck type
melanose).

Melanose spots may also appear similar to "tear staining." Tear staining is a
form of rust mite discoloration with a smooth, diffused appearance. When encountered,
score tear staining as discoloration. Melanose is easily distinguished from this defect
by its brown glazed appearance, slightly raised texture and distinct “sandpapery “ feel.
Please refer to the Discoloration section for additional scoring information on these
defects.

. ORANGES
§51.1175 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in
diameter.

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
in diameter.

Very Serious Damage - Aggregating more than 25 percent of the
surface.

GRAPEFRUIT
§51.784 Classification of defects. (chart)

Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in
diameter. ° _

Serious Damage - Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in
diameter.

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