United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Federal Grain Inspection Service

Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Distribution: FGIS, OSP, Industry Originating Office: FMD PPMAB

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employer.

INSPECTION OF RAPESEED

Contents

INSPECTION OF RAPESEED �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1

1. PURPOSE����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

2. REPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

3. GENERAL INFORMATION���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

4. PERCENTAGES�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

5. STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

6. BASIS OF DETERMINATION ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

7. DEFINITION OF RAPESEED�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

8. INFESTATION ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

9. HEATING������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

10. ODOR���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

11. ANIMAL FILTH, GLASS, AND UNKNOWN FOREIGN SUBSTANCES������������������������������

12. GARLIC BULBLETS�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

13. MOISTURE�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

14. DOCKAGE AND CONSPICUOUS ADMIXTURE ���������������������������������������������������������������

15. DAMAGED KERNELS������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1

16. INCONSPICUOUS ADMIXTURE �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1

17. CERTIFICATION ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1

18. QUESTIONS ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 2

1. PURPOSE

This directive establishes uniform procedures for the factor analysis of rapeseed under 

the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as amended (AMA)

2. REPLACEMENT HIGHLIGHTS

This directive is revised to specify that any moisture meter listed as approved in 

the Moisture Handbook can be used to determine moisture content. This directive

supersedes FGIS Program Directive 9180.42, dated 5/01/1

3. GENERAL INFORMATION

There are no classes, subclasses, or grades in rapeseed

Inspection of rapeseed is on a factor only basis. The factors analyzed are: kind of grain,

dockage, moisture, heat-damaged kernels, damaged kernels (total), odor, heating, 

inconspicuous admixture, conspicuous admixture, distinctly green kernels, infestation, 

stones, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (sclerotinia), ergot, garlic bulblets, animal filth, glass, 

and unknown foreign substances

The AMA regulations provide for three inspection service levels

For all analytical tests, as outlined in section 17 of this directive, the following three 

inspection service levels apply: original, retest, and appeal

The following inspection service levels apply to all other factors: original, appeal, and 

Board appeal

a. Retests. Official personnel shall perform only one retest inspection service on

any original inspection. An applicant may request one retest of any one or more

quality factors included in the original inspection. Quality factors included in the

original inspection but not included in the retest request may not be retested at a 

later date

b. Appeals. Official personnel shall perform only one appeal inspection on any

original or retest inspection service. An applicant may request an appeal inspection

(1) on any of the kinds of inspection services performed for an original inspection, 

or (2) on a retest inspection. For appeal inspections, the field office must analyze 

the sample for all of the quality factors included in the original inspection. For

appeal inspections of analytical factors, however, the Analytical, Reference, and 

Testing Service (ARTS) in Kansas City, Missouri, must perform the analysis

c. Board Appeals. An applicant who is dissatisfied with the original or appeal

inspection results may appeal to the FGIS Board of Appeal and Review (BAR)

The Board appeal shall be limited to an analysis of the file sample. When a request 

for a Board appeal inspection is filed, the file sample(s) and all other pertinent 

information shall be immediately submitted to the BAR. The field office shall act as 

a liaison between the BAR and the applicant
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 3

4. PERCENTAGES

Except for stones and ergot, state all percentages to the nearest tenth percent. State

the percentages of stones and ergot to the nearest hundredth percent

Percentages on the basis of count shall be calculated by dividing the number of 

unsound kernels by the total number of seeds in the portion and multiplying by 100

Percentages shall be rounded in accordance with the FGIS procedure

5. STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

Use the following abbreviations in the analysis of rapeseed:

Rapeseed rap 

Conspicuous admixture cadm

Damaged kernels (total) dkt

Distinctly green kernels dgk

Dockage (total) dkg

Heat-damaged kernels ht

Inconspicuous admixture iadm

Infestation inf

Moisture m

Odor odor

Stones ston

Heating htg

Sclerotinia slt

Ergot erg

Other material om

Animal filth anfl

Broken glass glas

Unknown foreign substance fsub

Garlic bulblets garb

Musty must

Sour sour

Commercially objectionable

foreign odor cofo

6. BASIS OF DETERMINATION

How factors are determined:

Table No. 1 - Basis of Determination

Before the Removal

of Dockage

After Removal of

Machine Separated

Dockage

After Removal of

Machine Separated

Dockage and

Conspicuous Admixture

Infestation

Moisture

Dockage

Odor

Garlic bulblets

Animal filth

Glass

Unknown foreign substances

Kind of grain

Conspicuous admixture

Stones

Sclerotinia

Ergot

Odor

Damaged kernels (total)

Heat-damaged kernels

Distinctly green kernels

Inconspicuous admixture

Odor
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 4

7. DEFINITION OF RAPESEED

Rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) shall consist of 50.0 percent or more o

whole rapeseed before the removal of dockage

Whole kernels are kernels with one-fourth or less of the kernel removed

Basis of Determination. Normally, a visual appraisal of the sample is sufficient to 

determine if it meets the definition of rapeseed. However, if analysis is necessary, make 

the determination before the removal of dockage on a portion of approximately 25 

grams

8. INFESTATION

Infestation refers to rapeseed that is infested with live weevils or other live insects 

injurious to stored grain according to procedures prescribed in FGIS instructions

The presence of any live weevil or other live insect injurious to stored grain indicates 

the probability of infestation and warns that the rapeseed must be carefully examined to 

determine if it is infested. In such cases, examine the work sample and the file sample 

before reaching a conclusion as to whether or not the rapeseed is infested. Do not

examine the file sample if the work portion is insect free.

Live weevils shall include rice weevils, granary weevils, cowpea weevils, maize weevils, 

and lesser grain borers. Other live insects injurious to stored grain shall include grain

beetles, grain moths, vetch bruchids, and larvae. (See Grain Inspection Handbook,

Chapter 1, General Information, Section 1.2, Visual Grading Aids

Basis of Determination. Determine infestation on the lot as a whole and/or the sample

as a whole (approximately 500 grams). For specific guidelines, see table No. 2 and 

Grain Inspection Handbook, Book I, Grain Sampling

Table No. 2 - Insect Infestation

Samples meeting or exceeding any one of these tolerances are infested:

2 lw, or 1 lw + 5 oli, or 10 oli

I. 1,000-Gram Representative Sample (+ file sample if needed)1

- Submitted Samples

- Probed Lots

- D/T Sampled Landcarriers

II. Lot as a Whole (Stationary

- Probed Lots (at time of sampling)

III. Online Sample (In-Motion) 

- Railcars Under Cu-Sum - Components for Bargelots 3

- Subsamples for Sacked Grain Lots - Components for Shiplots 3

1

 Examine work portion and file sample if necessary. Do not examine file sample if work portion is 

 insect free. 

 Minimum sampling rate is 500 grams per 2,000 bushels. 

 Minimum component size is 10,000 bushels

 Key: lw = live weevil oli = other live insects injurious to stored grain

Certification. When applicable, record the word “infested” on the work record and the

certificate.
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 5

9. HEATING

Seed developing a high temperature from excessive respiration is considered heating

Heating seed in its final stages usually produces a sour or musty odor. Care should be 

taken not to confuse seed that is heating with seed that is warm and moist because of 

storage in bins, railcars, or other containers during hot weather

Basis of Determination. Determine heating on evidence obtained at the time of

sampling

Certification. When heating is detected, note on the pan ticket and certificate.

10. ODOR

Basis of Determination. Determine odor on evidence obtained at the time of sampling,

on the sample either before or after the removal of dockage, or on the crushed strips 

(used to determine heat damage and distinctly green damage). When the crushed strips

are used, determine the odor immediately after crushing. Odors detected at the time of

sampling must be recorded on the work record

Table No. 3 - Odor Classification Examples

Sour Musty Commercially Objectionable Foreign Odors

Boot

Fermenting

Insect (acrid)

Pigpen

Smoke *

Ground

Insect

Moldy

Animal hides

Decaying animal and vegetable matter

Fertilizer

Fumigant

Insecticide

Oil products

Skunk

Smoke (evidence of fire- burnt material)

Strong weed

* Consider smoke odors as sour unless there is evidence of fire-burnt material.

Odors from Heat-Damaged Rapeseed. When heat-damaged kernels are present,

rapeseed gives off an odor very similar to smoke. Rapeseed containing a “smoke” odor 

is considered as having a “sour” odor unless evidence of a fire-burnt material is present 

in the lot or the original sample. If evidence of a fire-burnt material is present in the lot or 

the sample, the smoke odor is considered a commercially objectionable foreign odor

Commercially Objectionable Foreign Odors. Commercially objectionable foreign odors

are odors that are entirely foreign to rapeseed that render it unfit for normal commercial 

usage
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 6

Fumigant or insecticide odors are considered commercially objectionable foreign odors 

if they linger and do not dissipate. When a sample of rapeseed contains a fumigant or

insecticide odor that prevents a determination as to whether any other odor(s) exists, 

apply the following guidelines:

a. Original Inspections. Allow the work portion to aerate in an open container fo

4 hours, or less, if the odor dissipates in less time

b. Reinspections, Appeal, and Board Appeal Inspections. Allow unworked file

samples and new samples to aerate in an open container for 4 hours, or less, if the 

odor dissipates in less time. The 4-hour aeration requirement does not apply when

the original work portion was aerated and retained as the final file.

Consider the sample as having a commercially objectionable foreign odor if the fumigant 

or insecticide odor persists based on the above criteria

Certification. If present, record the words “Musty,” “Sour,” or “Commercially

Objectionable Foreign Odor” on the work record and the certificate.

11. ANIMAL FILTH, GLASS, AND UNKNOWN FOREIGN SUBSTANCES

Basis of Determination. Determine animal filth, glass, and unknown foreign 

substances on the basis of the sample as a whole (approximately 500 grams)

Certification. Record the number of pieces of animal filth, glass, and unknown foreign 

substances on the work record and the certificate.

12. GARLIC BULBLETS

Basis of Determination. Determine the number of garlic bulblets on the sample as a

whole (approximately 500 grams)

Three dry or partly dry garlic bulblets are equal to one green bulblet

Certification. Record the number of garlic bulblets on the work record and the

certificate.

13. MOISTURE

Moisture is the water content of rapeseed as determined by approved moisture 

instruments listed in the Moisture Handbook using the approved calibration (see FGIS 

Directive 9180.61

Basis of Determination. Determine moisture before the removal of dockage on

approximately 650 grams

Certification. Record the percentage of moisture on the work record and the certificate 

to the nearest tenth percent
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 7

14. DOCKAGE AND CONSPICUOUS ADMIXTURE

Dockage is material, other than rapeseed, that can be easily removed with sieves and/

or a cleaning device. Also, underdeveloped, shriveled, and small pieces of rapeseed

that cannot be recovered by properly rescreening or recleaning

Conspicuous admixture is all matter other than rapeseed which is conspicuous 

and readily distinguishable from rapeseed and which remains in the sample after the 

removal of machine separated dockage (includes dockage removed by the Carter 

Dockage Tester, mechanical shaker, and hand sieves)

The adjusted percentage of conspicuous admixture is added to the percentage of 

machine separated dockage in the computation of total dockage (refer to example at the 

end of this section

Basis of Determination. Determine dockage in rapeseed on a representative portion of

approximately 250 grams cut from the original sample

Procedure. The procedure for determining conspicuous admixture and dockage is

performed in 3 steps: machine cleaning, handsieving, and handpicking

Note: Rapeseed contains a high oil content and may gum sieves and other 

equipment. Care should be taken to clean all equipment. Mild soapy water and/or 

Alconox lab detergent have been found to be effective for cleaning the equipment.

STEP 1. Procedure for Determining Dockage with the Carter Dockage Teste

a. When running samples through the Carter Dockage Tester, insert the appropriate

sieves and riddles, and set the air and feed controls to the proper position. Note

that the Carter Dockage Tester must be at zero energy anytime sieves are inserted 

or removed

 Air Feed Riddle Top Middle Bottom

Rapeseed 5 3 000 4 --- ---

b. Run the portion through the Carter Dockage Teste

c. Dockage is all material removed by aspiration; coarse material, except threshed and

sprouted kernels of rapeseed, that passed over the riddle; and material that passed

through the last sieve, except for small whole and broken pieces of rapeseed 

which are reclaimed

Note: Return kernels of rapeseed that may be caught in the riddle to the 

cleaned portion.

STEP 2. Procedure for Determining Dockage with Slotted Sieves (Reclaiming
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 8

a. Further reclaim the material passing through the Number 4 sieve of the Carter

Dockage Tester by sieving over one or more of the following slotted sieves with an 

approved mechanical shaker1:

 .028 x 15/32 inch   .035 x 15/32 inch   .0395 x 15

Use the sieve which achieves the maximum cleanout of weed seeds and other 

foreign material with a minimum loss of rapeseed. Indicate sieve size used on the

work record and the certificate.

b. Mount the appropriate sieve and a bottom pan on an approved mechanical shake

c. Set the count stroker at 30 and pour the material which passed through the

Number 4 sieve in the appropriate reclaiming sieve and turn on the shaker

d. Return the material remaining on the slotted sieve(s) and in the perforations to

the clean sample and the material passing through the slotted sieve to the machine 

dockage

STEP 3. Procedures for Determining Conspicuous Admixture by Handpickin

a. Cut down the cleaned sample to a portion of not less than 10 gram

b. Handpick the 10-gram portion for conspicuous admixture (matter other tha

rapeseed) which is readily distinguishable by visual inspection

Determine the percentage of total conspicuous admixture. Also, determine the

percentage of stones, ergot, and sclerotinia on the hand-picked portion

Ergot is a hard, reddish-brown or black grain-like mass of certain parasitic fungi 

that replaces the kernels of certain grains

Sclerotinia are the dark-colored black resting bodies of the fungi Sclerotinia and 

Claviceps

c. Total dockage now consists of all mechanically separated dockage (including any

handsieved dockage, if applicable) and conspicuous admixture (which is equivalent 

to handpicked dockage)

 

1 If an approved mechanical shaker is unavailable, inspectors may hand sieve the sample. When

handsieving, hold the sieve level in both hands with elbows close to the sides. In a steady motion,

move the sieve from left to right approximately 10 inches and then return from right to left. Repeat

this motion 30 times
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 9

Computing Total Dockage. In computing the total dockage, all mechanically separated

dockage (as removed by the Carter Dockage Tester, mechanical shaker, and hand 

sieves) shall be computed on the basis of the sample as a whole. The percentage of

conspicuous admixture (handpicked dockage), which is determined on the basis of 

the weight in grams of the portion used for the hand separation, must be multiplied by 

the fractional proportion of rapeseed remaining after the removal of the mechanically 

separated dockage

Proceed as follows:

a. (Weight of Dockage ÷ original sample weight) x 100 = percent machine separated

dockage

b. 100 percent - percent machine separated dockage ÷ 100 = change of base facto

c. (Weight of handpicked separation, including stones, ergot, sclerotinia, and

any other conspicuous admixture ÷ weight of handpicked sample) x 100 = percent 

conspicuous admixture

d. (Weight of stones ÷ weight of handpicked sample) x 100 = percent of stone

e. (Weight of ergot ÷ weight of handpicked sample) x 100 = percent of erg

f. (Weight of sclerotinia ÷ weight of handpicked sample) x 100 = percent of sclerotini

g. Percent conspicuous admixture x change of base factor = percent conspicuous

admixture (adjusted)  

h. Percent stones x change of base factor = percent stones (adjusted).

i. Percent ergot x change of base factor = percent ergot (adjusted).

j. Percent of sclerotinia x change of base factor = percent sclerotinia (adjusted).

k. Percent conspicuous admixture (adjusted) ÷ percent machine separated dockage

= dockage (total)

 

1 The adjusted percentages of conspicuous admixture, stones, ergot, and sclerotinia are recorded on 

the certificate.
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 10

Example:

Original sample weight 250 g

Weight of machine separated dockage 24.70 

Weight of handpicked portion 10.24 

Weight of handpicked dockage (conspicuous admixture) 0.20 

Weight of stones 0.13 

Weight of ergot 0.02 

Weight of sclerotinia 0.00 

a. (24.70g ÷ 250g) x 100 = 9.88% machine separated dock

b. (100% - 9.88%) ÷ 100 = 0.90 change of base fac

c. (0.20g ÷ 10.24g) x 100 = 1.95% conspicuous admix

d.  (0.13g ÷ 10.24g) x 100 = 1.26% s

e. (0.02g ÷ 10.24g) x 100 = 0.19% e

f. (0.00g ÷ 10.24g) x 100 = 0.00% sclerot

g. 1.95 x 0.90 = 1.75% conspicuous admixture (adjus

h. 1.26 x 0.90 = 1.13% stones (adjus

i. 0.19 x 0.90 = 0.17% ergot (adjus

j. 0.00 x 0.90 = 0.00% sclerotinia (adjus

k. 1.75% + 9.88% = 11.63% dockage (total). (Add in hundredths, round to 

Certification. Show the percentage of dockage (total), conspicuous admixture, and

sclerotinia on the work record and certificate to the nearest tenth percent. Show the 

percentage of stones and ergot on the work record and certificate to the nearest 

hundredth percent
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 11

15. DAMAGED KERNELS

Damage must be distinct. In general, a kernel of rapeseed shall be considered damaged

when the damage is distinctly apparent and of such character as to be recognized as 

damaged for commercial purposes

a. Damaged Rapeseed. Kernels and pieces of kernels of rapeseed which are hea

damaged, sprout damaged, mold damaged, distinctly green, frost damage, rime 

damaged (rimed), or otherwise materially damaged

b. Heat-Damaged Kernels. Kernels and pieces of kernels of the rapeseed which, aft

being crushed, are materially discolored and damaged by heat

c. Distinctly Green Kernels. Kernels and pieces of kernels of the rapeseed which

after being crushed, are a distinct green throughout the kernel

Basis of Determination. The determination for damaged kernels shall be made on

a representative portion cut from the work sample after the removal of dockage and 

conspicuous admixture. Use the portion which was used for picking dockage and

conspicuous admixture. Note that this portion must be reweighe

Procedure. The steps for determining the various damages are as follows

STEP 1. Handpick the 10-gram portion (clean of dockage and conspicuous admixture)

for distinctly shrunken or shriveled kernels (frost damage), kernels discolored by mold, 

rimed kernels (kernels that are completely covered with a whitish coloration), sprouted 

kernels, excessively weathered kernels, and any other kernels of rapeseed that are 

distinctly damaged

These kernels are other-damaged kernels (refer to Interpretive Line Prints)

STEP 2. Cut down the balance of the 10-gram portion to approximately 5 gram

STEP 3. Sprinkle the 5-gram portion across the damage seed counter to fill the 

100-hole board (must be repeated five times) or the 500-hole board.

STEP 4. After each filling (total of 5 fillings when using the 100-hole board) and before 

crushing, tape and observe for inconspicuous admixture. 

STEP 5. With a roller, crush the rapeseed, examine the rows, and count the number

of heat-damaged kernels, distinctly green kernels, and seeds that are obviously not 

rapeseed (inconspicuous admixture). 

 

1 Refer to section 16 for details
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 12

STEP 6. After the strip (all 5 strips when using the 100-hole board) has been crushed

and kernels counted, calculate the percentage of each type of damage

All percentages of damage, except for distinctly green and heat-damaged kernels, shall 

be determined upon the basis of weight. The percentage of distinctly green and heatdamaged kernels shall be determined on the basis of coun

To compute damaged kernels (total), add the percentage of distinctly green, heatdamaged, and other-damaged kernels of rapeseed

Proceed as follows:

a. (Weight of other-damaged kernels ÷ weight of representative portion) x 100 =

percent other-damaged kernels

b. 500 - number of non-rapeseed kernels = number of rapeseed kernel

c. (Number of heat-damaged kernels ÷ number of rapeseed kernels) x 100 =

percent heat-damaged kernels

d. (Number of distinctly green kernels ÷ number of rapeseed kernels) x 100 =

percent distinctly green kernels

e. Percent other-damaged kernels + percent heat-damaged kernels +

percent distinctly green kernels = percent damaged kernels (total)

Example:

Weight of representative portion 10.04

Weight of other-damaged kernels 0.10

Number of non-rapeseed kernels 10

Number of heat-damaged kernels 25

Number of distinctly green kernels 12

a.  0.10g ÷ 10.04g = 0.0099 x 100 = 0.99% other-damaged k

b. 500 - 10 = 490 rapeseed kernel

c. 25 kernels ÷ 490 kernels = 0.0510 x 100 = 5.10% heat-damaged kern

d. 12 kernels ÷ 490 kernels = 0.0244 x 100 = 2.44% distinctly green kern

e. 0.99% + 5.10% + 2.44% = 8.53 percent damaged kernels (add in hundredths

round to 8.5%

Certification. Show the percentages of all damages on the work record and the

percentages of heat-damaged kernels, distinctly green kernels, and damaged kernels 

(total) on the certificate. Record all percentages to the nearest tenth percent.
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 13

16. INCONSPICUOUS ADMIXTURE

Inconspicuous admixture is any seed which is difficult to distinguish from rapeseed. For 

example, wild mustard seed is inconspicuous admixture in rapeseed samples

Basis of Determination. Make the determination for inconspicuous admixture on the

5-gram portion used in the determination for heat-damaged and distinctly green kernels 

(refer to section 15, steps 2-4)

Prior to crushing, mark any seeds suspected of not being rapeseed and observe 

with a dissecting scope or magnifying glass. Use the reference samples as an aid in

identification.

Note: It is extremely important for inspectors to rely on a dissecting scope or 

a magnifying glass and the crushed strips for identification of inconspicuous 

admixture.

Note that all electrical units must have a seal of approval from Underwriters 

Laboratory (U/L) or a similar testing laboratory.

Any seeds suspected of not being rapeseed should be marked to be confirmed after 

crushing. After crushing, rapeseed tends to be dark yellow while crushed wild mustard is

white or light yellow. Calculate the percentage of inconspicuous admixture on the basis

of count

Example:

10 kernels ÷ 500 kernels = 0.02 x 100 = 2.0% inconspicuous admixtu

Certification. Show the percentage of inconspicuous admixture on the work record and

the certificate to the nearest tenth percent.
FGIS Directive 9180.42 March 14, 2022

Page 14

17. CERTIFICATION

The analysis of rapeseed shall be certified on a commodity inspection certificate. A 

lot inspection certificate must be issued for those lots that are officially sampled. A 

submitted sample certificate must be issued for a sample submitted by an applicant or 

an agent

A rapeseed analysis shall be shown on a commodity inspection certificate in the 

following order:

1. Infestation 7. Garlic bulblet  14. Heat-damaged kern

2. Heating 8. Moistur  15. Distinctly green kern

3. Odor 9. Dockage (total  16. Damaged kernels (tot

4. Animal filth 10. Conspicuous admixture 17. Inconspicuous admixture

5. Glass 11. Sclerotin

6. Unknown foreign 12. Ston

 substances 13. Ergo

When an applicant requests analysis for only specific factors, record the following 

sentence on the certificate:

“Specific factor analysis only.”

18. QUESTIONS

Direct any questions concerning this directive to the Policies, Procedures, and Market 

Analysis Branch at (202) 720-0228