2014 

ANNUAL MONITORING NETWORK PLAN 

New York State Ambient Air Monitoring Program 

Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance 

Division of Air Resources 

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 2 of 207 

Table of Contents 

Section Page

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 8 

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 8 

1.2 Topography and Climate of New York State .................................................................. 11 

1.3 Population and Demographics ......................................................................................... 12 

2. Chronology of Air Monitoring in New York State .............................................15 

2.1 Monitoring Related Research and Investigations ............................................................ 17 

2.1.1 Publications ............................................................................................................... 18 

2.1.2 Posters/Presentations ........................................................................................................ 23 

3. Monitoring Sites .............................................................................................................. 29 

3.1 Northern Monitoring Site Listings ................................................................................... 31 

3.2 Southern Monitoring Site Listings ................................................................................. 94 

4. Criteria Contaminants .................................................................................................... 143 

4.1 Carbon Monoxide .......................................................................................................... 145 

4.2 Nitrogen Dioxide ........................................................................................................... 148 

4.3 Lead ................................................................................................................................ 153 

4.4 Particulate Matter ........................................................................................................... 156 

4.4.1 Total Suspended Particulate ........................................................................................... 156 

4.4.2 PM10 ............................................................................................................................... 157 

4.4.3 PM2.5 ............................................................................................................................... 159 

4.4.4 Continuous PM Monitoring ........................................................................................... 164 

4.4.5 Speciation ....................................................................................................................... 168 

4.4.6 Continuous Speciation ................................................................................................... 169 

4.4.7 Additional Monitoring Initiatives ................................................................................. 170 

4.4.7.1 PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study-New York Supersite ........ 170 

4.4.7.2 Organic Carbon: Molecular Marker Characterization ................................................... 171 

4.4.7.3 PM Coarse Monitoring .................................................................................................. 171 

4.4.8 Air Pollution and Environmental Conditions ................................................................ 172 

4.4.8.1 NYC Microscale Street Canyon Monitoring ................................................................. 172 

4.4.8.2 Rochester PM Center Clarkson, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center ............................ 172 

4.4.8.3 Air Pollution Microscopy ....................................................................................... 172 

4.4.8.4 Ultrafine Particulate Monitoring .................................................................................... 173 

4.5 Sulfur Dioxide ................................................................................................................ 175 

4.6 Ozone ............................................................................................................................. 178 

5. EPA’s National Toxics Program .................................................................................... 182 

5.1 National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS) ............................................................. 183 

5.2 NY Toxics Monitoring Network .................................................................................... 184 

5.3 Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) ............................................ 193 

6. NCore Sites .................................................................................................................... 198 

7. Acid Deposition Network .............................................................................................. 200 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 3 of 207 

Table of Contents (continued)

Section Page

8. Anticipated Changes in the Next 18 Months ................................................................. 202 

8.1 Lead Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 202 

8.2 Special Purpose Monitors .............................................................................................. 203 

8.2.1 Tonawanda Community Air Quality Study ................................................................... 203 

8.2.2 New York State Ambient Mercury Baseline Study ....................................................... 203 

8.2.3 Community Air Screen .......................................................................... 204 

8.2.4 Airport Lead Monitoring ........................................................................ 205 

8.2.5 Peace Bridge Air Quality Study ................................................................. 206 

8.3 Proposed Changes at Existing Sites ............................................................................... 207 

8.3.1 Division St. and Buffalo ................................................................................................ 207 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 4 of 207 

List of Tables

Table Page

1.1 2010 Census Population for Major Metropolitan Statistical Areas in New York ......... 12 

3.1 Location Listing for Northern Monitoring Sites ............................................................. 31 

3.2 Location Listing for Southern Monitoring Sites .............................................................. 94 

4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...................................................... 143 

4.2 CBSAs in NYS Required to have Near-Road NO2 Monitors................................151 

4.3 Buffalo Near-Road Site Characteristics.........................................................152 

4.4 FEM Data Availability in New York (2013 Data)............................................166 

4.5 FEM Data Comparison with Collocation FRM (2013 Data)................................166 

5.1 NATTS Pollutants of Concern ....................................................................................... 183 

5.2 Target List of Volatile Organic Compounds ................................................................ 184 

5.3 Information on PAMS Sites .......................................................................................... 193 

5.4 Instrumentation for Gaseous Pollutants ......................................................................... 194 

5.5 Equipment for Meteorological Measurements .............................................................. 194 

5.6 Target Compound List for Carbonyl Sampling ............................................................ 195 

5.7 VOC Methods and Sampling Frequencies ..................................................................... 195 

5.8 PAMS Target Compounds List ...................................................................................... 195 

8.1 2013 3-Month Rolling Average Lead Concentrations for Urban Sites.......................... 202 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 5 of 207 

List of Figures

Figure Page

1.1 Population Density in New York State by County ............................................ 13 

1.2 Potential Environmental Justice Areas in New York State .................................. 14 

2.1 Location Map of Monitoring Sites in New York State Excluding NYC ......................... 16 

2.2 Location Map of Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in NYC ..................................... 17 

3.1 Site Locations for Northern Monitoring Operation ......................................................... 29 

3.2 Site Locations for Southern Monitoring Operation ......................................................... 30 

4.1 Carbon Monoxide Monitors and Concentration Trends................................................. 146 

4.2 Location Map for Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Sites ................................................. 147 

4.3 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitors and Concentration Trends ................................................. 149 

4.4 Location Map for NOx Monitoring Sites ...................................................................... 150 

4.5 Lead Monitors and Concentration Trends ..................................................................... 157 

4.6 Total Suspended Particulate Monitors and Concentration Trends ................................ 157 

4.7 PM10 Monitors and Concentration Trends ..................................................................... 158 

4.8 Location Map of Manual PM10 Monitoring Sites .......................................................... 159 

4.9 Location Map of Manual PM2.5 Monitoring Sites ......................................................... 163 

4.10 PM2.5 Monitors and Concentration Trends ................................................................... 164 

4.11 Location Map of Continuous TEOM Monitoring Sites ................................................. 165 

4.12 2013 Queens College 1405DF vs. Daily FRM ............................................... 167 

4.13 EPA FEM Test Criteria for slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient ................. 167 

4.14 Location Map of Speciation Trends Network Sites ....................................................... 168 

4.15 Sulfur Dioxide Monitors and Concentration Trends .................................................... 176 

4.16 Location Map of Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Sites ....................................................... 177 

4.17 Ozone Monitors and 1 hr Concentration Trends ........................................................... 180 

4.18 Ozone Monitors and 8 hr Concentration Trends ........................................................... 180 

4.19 Location Map of Ozone Monitoring Sites ..................................................................... 181 

5.1 Annual Averages for Benzene ..................................................................................... 186 

5.2 Annual Averages for Toluene ................................................................................. 187 

5.3 Annual Averages for m,p-Xylene .............................................................................. 187 

5.4 Annual Averages for o-Xylene ................................................................................... 188 

5.5 Annual Averages for 1,3-Butadiene .............................................................................. 188 

5.6 Annual Averages for Dichloromethane ......................................................................... 189 

5.7 Annual Averages for Chloroform .................................................................................. 189 

5.8 Annual Averages for 1,4-Dichlorobenzene ................................................................... 190 

5.9 Annual Averages for Formaldehyde .............................................................................. 190 

5.10 Annual Averages for Acetaldehyde ............................................................................. 191 

5.11 Location Map of Toxics Monitoring Sites ..................................................................... 192 

7.1 Location Map of Acid Deposition Monitoring Sites .................................................... 201 

8.1 Annual Averages for Benzene at Tonawanda Sites .......................................... 203 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 6 of 207 

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic 

AIRS Aerometric Information Retrieval System 

AQI Air Quality Index 

AQS Air Quality System 

AMoN Ammonia Gas Monitoring Network 

ARM Approved Regional Method 

ASRC Atmospheric Sciences Research Center 

BAQS Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance 

CAMR Clean Air Mercury Rule 

CASTNet Clean Air Status and Trends Network 

CBSA Core-Based Statistical Area 

CCNY City College of New York 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

Cr Chromium 

CSN Chemical Speciation Network 

CTDEP Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 

DNPH 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine 

EAC Early Action Compact 

EC Elemental Carbon 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

FEM Federal Equivalent Method 

FRM Federal Reference Method 

GC Gas Chromatography 

GCMS Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 

HAPs Hazardous Air Pollutants 

HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry 

IMPROVE Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments 

MDN Mercury Deposition Network 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NADP National Atmospheric Deposition Program 

NATTS National Air Toxics Trends Stations 

NCore National Core 

NESCAUM New England States Coordinated Air Use Management 

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection 

NO Nitric oxide 

NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 

NOx Nitrogen oxides 

NOy Sum of reactive nitrogen oxides 

NSR New Source Review 

NYC New York City 

NYCRR New York State Codes, Rules and Regulations 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 7 of 207 

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations (continued) 

NYSERDA New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 

O3 Ozone 

OC Organic Carbon 

ORD Office of Research and Development (EPA) 

PAHs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 

PAMS Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations 

Pb Lead 

PM Particulate Matter 

PM10 Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less 

PM2.5 Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less 

PMTACS PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study 

ppb Parts per billion 

ppm Parts per million 

PUF Polyurethane Foam 

PWEI Population Weighted Emissions Index 

SADCA State Acid Deposition Control Act 

SIP State Implementation Plan 

SLAMS State and Local Air Monitoring Stations 

SO2 Sulfur dioxide 

SOAP Speciation of Organics for Apportionment of PM2.5

SOx Sulfur oxides 

SPM Special Purpose Monitors 

SUNY State University of New York 

TEOM Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 

TSP Total Suspended Particulate 

UV Ultra Violet 

VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 8 of 207 

1. Introduction

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized amendments to the ambient air 

monitoring regulations on October 17, 2006. The amendments revise the technical requirements 

for certain types of sites, add provisions for monitoring of PM10-2.5, and reduce certain 

monitoring requirements for criteria pollutants. Monitoring agencies are required to submit 

annual monitoring network plans, conduct network assessments every 5 years, perform quality 

assurance activities, and, in certain instances, establish NCore sites by January 1, 2011. 

Starting in July 2007, each State, or where applicable local, agency is required to “adopt and 

submit to the Regional Administrator an annual monitoring network plan which shall provide for 

the establishment and maintenance of an air quality surveillance system that consists of a 

network of SLAMS monitoring stations including FRM, FEM, and ARM monitors that are part 

of SLAMS, NCore stations, CSN stations, State speciation stations, SPM stations, and/or, in 

serious, severe and extreme ozone nonattainment areas, PAMS stations, and SPM monitoring 

stations.” This document is prepared and submitted as part of the fulfillment to these 

requirements. 

1.1 Background

New York State began a concerted effort to control the air pollution problem back in 1957, when 

the State Legislature enacted one of the nation’s first comprehensive air pollution control laws. 

An Air Pollution Control Board was established to develop and direct a public information 

program for monitoring contaminant levels, and to conduct area studies and inventories outlining 

major problems. In December 1964, New York State developed air quality standards to protect 

its citizens against adverse health effects. These standards provided a long-range planning tool 

and established numerical air quality limits for the following contaminants: particulates, sulfur 

dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxidants, hydrogen sulfide, fluoride, beryllium and sulfuric acid mist. 

In 1966 the Legislature responded to the increasing pollution levels by restructuring the 

administrative authority into the Department of Health, under which the Division of Air 

Resources was created. Major legislation was also introduced to provide increased efficacy of 

rules and regulations. That year also marked the severe New York City Thanksgiving holiday air 

pollution episode brought upon by a temperature inversion that lasted through the weekend. 

By the time when the first Earth Day was held in 1970, it had become apparent that pollution 

abatement strategies in place were inadequate, and air quality—along with water quality and 

solid waste—became cornerstones of the emerging U.S. environmental conscience. The 1970 

Clean Air Act Extension, and the establishment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 

that same year, were defining moments in the history of air quality in this country. 

Another development which has had a major effect on air pollution control in New York State 

was the creation of the Department of Environmental Conservation in 1970. The Division of Air 

Resources was transferred to the new Department and its administrative functions restructured 

and streamlined. Nine new regional offices were established to carry out responsibilities relating 

to pollution control of sources within their respective part of the State. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 9 of 207 

In 1977, the first set of Clean Air Act amendments was adopted because many states failed to 

meet mandated targets. One of the most effective of these was the New Source Review (NSR), 

which addresses older facilities that had been "grandfathered" by the original law. In 1990, 

additional amendments to the Clean Air Act included provisions for attainment and maintenance 

of national ambient air quality standards, mobile sources, air toxics, acid deposition control, 

permits, stratospheric ozone and global climate protection, enforcement; visibility improvement 

near National Parks, and other provisions relating to research, development and air monitoring. 

In 1997, EPA announced more strict national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for 

ground-level ozone, the primary constituent of smog. After a lengthy scientific review process, 

including extensive external scientific review, EPA determined that these changes were 

necessary to protect public health and the environment. The new standard was intended to be 

more protective of the health of children and adults who play and work outdoors in the summer. 

In establishing the 8-hour standard, EPA set the standard at 0.08 parts per million (ppm) as an 

average over an 8-hour period and defines the new standard as a "concentration-based" form, 

specifically the 3-year average of the annual 4th-highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone 

concentrations. EPA also added new standards, using PM2 5 as the indicator for fine particles 

(with PM2 5 referring to particles with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter less than or equal 

to 2.5 μm), and retained PM10 standards for the purpose of regulating the coarse fraction of PM10

(referred to as thoracic coarse particles or coarse-fraction particles, generally including particles 

with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter greater than 2.5 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm, 

or PM10-2.5). EPA established two new PM2.5 standards: an annual standard of 15 μg/m3 based on 

the 3-year average of annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple 

community-oriented monitors; and a 24-hour standard of 65 μg/m3

, based on the 3-year average 

of the 98th percentile of 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations at each population-oriented monitor 

within an area. These new standards were challenged by industry and in May of 1999 the U.S. 

Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Court ruled that U.S. EPA must reconsider 

the new 8-hr ozone and fine particulate standards. The court did not throw out the standards, but 

ruled that U.S. EPA could not enforce them. On February 27, 2001, the Supreme Court 

substantially reversed the ruling of the lower court. The Supreme Court remanded the case to the 

Court of Appeals for resolution of any remaining issues that had not been addressed in that 

court’s earlier rulings. In March 2002, the Court of Appeals rejected all remaining challenges to 

the standards. 

In December 2006, EPA issued the final rule revising the NAAQS for PM to provide increased 

protection of public health and welfare, respectively. EPA revised the level of the 24-hour PM2.5

standard to 35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3

) and retained the level of the annual PM2.5

standard at 15μg/m3. With regard to PM10, the 24-hour standard was retained, but the annual 

PM10 standard was revoked. 

The current 8-hr ozone standard of 0.075 ppm, effective since May 27, 2008 is under 

reconsideration and may be revised to a lower value. 

In November 2008 EPA revised the NAAQS for lead from the previous quarterly average of 

1.5μg/m3 to the more protective 3-month rolling average of 0.15μg/m3. As part of the lead 

monitoring requirements, monitoring agencies are required to monitor ambient air near lead 

sources which are expected to or have been shown to have a potential to contribute to a 3-month 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 10 of 207 

average lead concentration in ambient air in excess of the level of the NAAQS. At a minimum, 

monitoring agencies must monitor near lead sources that emit 1.0 ton per year (tpy) or more. 

Monitoring is also required in each Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) with a population equal 

to or greater than 500,000 people as determined by the latest available census figures. Revisions 

to the monitoring requirements pertaining to where State and local monitoring agencies would be 

required to conduct lead monitoring were finalized and became effective January 26, 2011. The 

new regulations replaced the population oriented monitoring requirement with a requirement to 

add Pb monitors to the urban NCore monitors. The EPA also lowered the emission threshold 

from 1.0 tpy to 0.50 tpy for industrial sources of lead (e.g., lead smelters and foundries). 

However, the emission threshold for airports was maintained at 1.0 tpy. In addition, an airport 

monitoring study has been implemented to determine the need for monitoring of airports which 

emit less than 1.0 tpy of lead. Under this new rule lead monitoring is required for a minimum of 

one year at 15 additional airports that have been identified as having characteristics that could 

lead to ambient lead concentrations approaching or exceeding the lead NAAQS. Brookhaven 

and Republic airports in Suffolk County, New York have been designated as such. The 

Brookhaven study was completed in October, 2012, and the Republic Airport monitoring 

concluded in October 2013. 

The annual NAAQS for NO2 is set at 0.053 ppm. In 2010 EPA revised the NAAQS to include 

an hourly standard of 0.100 ppm. Under the new NO2 rule that became effective January 22, 

2010 each MSA with population larger than 500,000 will be required to operate a near-road 

monitor beginning in 2013. On March 7, 2013, EPA issued a final rule to revise the deadlines by 

which the near-road monitors within the NO2 monitoring network are to be operational. States 

and local agencies are required to begin operating the near-road component of the NO2 network 

in phases between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2017. This replaces the 2010 rule requirement 

that originally required all new NO2 monitors to begin operating on January 1, 2013. The nearroad site in Buffalo commenced operation in April, 2014. Preparations are under way for the 

two remaining sites in Rochester and Queens. The details will be published in an addendum to 

this plan when they are finalized. 

 

In June, 2010, EPA established a new 1-hour SO2 standard at a level of 75 parts per billion (ppb), 

based on the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum 

concentrations. Additionally, both the 24-hour and annual primary SO2 standards were revoked. 

EPA also established requirements for SO2 monitoring in areas where there is an increased 

coincidence of population and SO2 emissions. 

On Dec. 14, 2012 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strengthened the nation’s air 

quality standards for fine particle pollution to improve public health protection by revising the 

primary annual PM2.5 standard from 15 to 12 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3

) and retaining 

the 24-hour fine particle standard of 35μg/m3. The new standards became effective on March 18, 

2013. 

Through the years, ambient monitoring has always been an important and integral part of the 

overall effort to manage our environmental resources. The Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance, 

which was originally established in the Division of Air Resources under the Department of 

Health in 1966, has been performing ambient air monitoring since. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 11 of 207 

1.2 Topography and Climate of New York State

 

New York State contains 49,576 square miles, inclusive of 1,637 square miles of inland water, 

but exclusive of the boundary-water areas of Long Island Sound, New York Harbor, Lake 

Ontario, and Lake Erie. The Adirondacks cover most of the northeast and occupy about onefourth of the state's total area. The Appalachian Highlands, including the Catskill Mountains and 

Kittatinny Mountain Ridge (or Shawangunk Mountains), extend across the southern half of the 

state, from the Hudson River Valley to the basin of Lake Erie. Between these two upland 

regions, and also along the state's northern and eastern borders, lies a network of lowlands, 

including the Great Lakes Plain; the Hudson, Mohawk, Lake Champlain, and St. Lawrence 

valleys; and the coastal areas of New York City and Long Island. 

The climate of New York State is broadly representative of the humid continental type, which 

prevails in the northeastern United States, but its diversity is not usually encountered within an 

area of comparable size. The geographical position of the state and the usual course of air 

masses, governed by the large-scale patterns of atmospheric circulation, provide general climatic 

controls. Differences in latitude, character of the topography, and proximity to large bodies of 

water have pronounced effects on the climate. 

The planetary atmospheric circulation brings a great variety of air masses to New York State. 

Masses of cold, dry air frequently arrive from the northern interior of the continent. Prevailing 

winds from the south and southwest transport warm, humid air, which has been conditioned by 

the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent subtropical waters. These two air masses provide the dominant 

continental characteristics of the climate. The third great air mass flows inland from the North 

Atlantic Ocean and produces cool, cloudy, and damp weather conditions. This maritime 

influence is important to New York's climatic regime, especially in the southeastern portion of 

the state, but it is secondary to that of the more prevalent air mass flow from the continent. 

The prevailing wind is generally from the west in New York State. A southwest component 

becomes evident in winds during the warmer months while a northwest component is 

characteristic of the colder one-half of the year. 

The climate of the state features much cloudy weather during the months of November, 

December, and January in upstate New York, especially those regions that adjoin the Great 

Lakes and Finger Lakes and include the southern tier of counties. From June through September, 

however, about 60 to 70 percent of the possible sunshine hours are received. In the Atlantic 

coastal region, the sunshine hours increases from 50 percent of possible in the winter to about 65 

percent of possible in the summer. 

The Atlantic Coastal Plain and lower Hudson Valley experience conditions of high temperature 

and high humidity with some frequency and duration during the summer. By comparison, such 

conditions occur less frequently in the broad interior of New York State where they are usually 

shortened by the arrival of cooler, drier air masses from the northwest. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 12 of 207 

1.3 Population and Demographics

The US Census Bureau data for 2010 provide the following information for the State and 13 

Metropolitan Areas of New York. The New York portion of the NY--NJ--CT--PA CMSA 

population numbered 13,038,826, constituting 69% of the State’s total residents. 

Table 1.1 2010 Census Population for Major Metropolitan Statistical Areas in New York 

MSA 2000 2005* 2010 2013* Difference 

(2000-2013) %

AlbanySchenectadyTroy

875,583 848,879 870,716 877,905 2,322 0.27

Binghamton 252,320 248,422 251,725 247,777 -4,543 -1.8

BuffaloNiagara Falls 1,170,111 1,147,711 1,135,509 1,134,115 -35,996 -3.08

Elmira 91,070 89,512 88,830 88,506 -2,564 -2.82

Glens Falls 124,345 128,572 128,923 128,430 4,085 3.29

Ithaca 96,501 100,018 101,564 103,617 7,116 7.37

Kingston 177,749 182,693 182,493 180,998 3,249 1.83

PoughkeepsieNewburghMiddletown

621,517 667,742 670,301 672,508 50,991 8.2

NassauSuffolk 2,753,913 2,808,064 2,832,882 2,851,884 97,971 3.56

New YorkWhite Plains 9,314,235 9,477,427 9,908,456 10,071,134 756,899 8.13

Rochester 1,098,201 1,039,028 1,054,323 1,083,278 -14,923 -1.36

Syracuse 732,117 651,763 662,577 661,934 -70,183 -9.59

Utica-Rome 299,896 297,885 299,397 297,766 -2,130 -0.71

State Total 18,976,457 18,976,457 19,378,102 19,651,127 674,670 3.56

* Census Bureau estimation 

According to Census Bureau, the NYS population in 2010 totaled 19,378,102, the third most 

populous state in the nation. The population change from 2000 indicates a net increase of 

674,670 for the entire State. The State saw a modest growth overall in the 13-year period, 

mostly in the downstate areas at the expense of the western MSAs. A population density map by 

county based on the 2010 data is depicted in Figure 1.1 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 13 of 207 

Figure 1.1 Population Density in New York State by County 

Environmental Justice Areas

Environmental justice (EJ) is defined as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all 

people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, 

implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. 

Environmental justice efforts focus on improving the environment in communities, specifically 

minority and low-income communities, and addressing disproportionate adverse environmental 

impacts that may exist in those communities. 

A map of potential EJ areas in the State is shown in Figure 1.2. Approximately 37% of New 

York’s population resides in potential EJ areas. In our network, there are 19 air monitors, 14 of 

which downstate, sited within areas designated as such. The number of air monitoring sites 

located in potential EJ areas is commensurate with the population percentage residing therein. In 

the populous downstate area, 61% of the network monitors are located in potential EJ areas, in 

which 52% of the population lives. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 14 of 207 

Figure 1.2 Potential Environmental Justice Areas in New York State 

Sensitive Sub-Populations

Children, the elderly, and people with underlying health issues may be more susceptible to the 

deleterious effects associated with air pollution, and are considered to be under the sensitive subpopulations category. Sixteen monitoring sites in the network are located on public school 

grounds, where attending students are of grade school to high school age. 

Citizens groups often bring attention to NYSDEC the areas where they believe have high 

incidences of health related problems due to air pollution, such as asthma, respiratory diseases, 

and cancer clusters. Where possible we try to accommodate concerned citizens by providing air 

quality data from nearby monitoring sites. For example, IS 143 serves the Lower Washington 

Heights Neighborhood Association; and IS 74 serves the Nos Quedamos Community 

Development Corporation. In the case of the Clean Air Coalition of WNY, we were able to 

obtain EPA funding to carry out the Tonawanda Community Air Quality Study. In the 

Community Air Screen Program that began in the fall of 2012, 90% of the selected community 

groups are in or within half mile of potential EJ areas. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 15 of 207 

2. Chronology of Air Monitoring in New York State

Manual sampling programs began in 1958. Most of the early sampling stations measured 

suspended particulates, settleable particulates, and sulfation (an indicator of sulfur dioxide 

concentration). The early monitoring system employed high volume samplers, and for the first 

year, operated on a daily basis. Subsequently sampling was reduced to a 1-in-6 day schedule, 

after statistical analysis of the first year’s data indicated that such sampling frequency would 

provide an adequate representation of particulate pollution. By 1964, the manual monitoring 

system had evolved to 104 full-time stations, 140 stations by 1970, and 250 by the mid 70's. 

New York was among the first to install and operate a continuous air quality monitoring system. 

The parameters monitored in the early 70's included: sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen 

dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, soiling, and meteorological data. 

Trace metal analysis of high volume sampler filters was initiated in 1979. Historically the NYS 

Department of Health provided laboratory services until 2003, when the positions funded by our 

Department for the analysis work were eliminated due to a statewide workforce reduction. The 

lead analysis continued until 2005. The lack of formal funding mechanisms between the two 

state agencies precluded the continuation of laboratory analysis support. The necessary 

laboratory work is now provided by a contract laboratory. 

In 1986, New York began measuring inhalable particulates using high volume air samplers with 

a 0-10 micron size selective inlet. In the same year the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network was 

also established. In 1987, EPA revised the PM standard to regulate PM10. 

 

In 1988, the NYS ambient monitoring networks consisted of 85 TSP sites, 16 PM10, 15 carbon 

monoxide monitors, 27 sulfur dioxide sites, 20 ozone stations, 8 NOx monitors, and 18 lead 

sampling sites. There were 17 operational acid deposition sites statewide, and the initial phase of 

the toxics network was completed with the establishment of six toxic monitors in Staten Island. 

By 1990, the networks had the following make up: 58 TSP, 60 PM10, 25 SO2, 16 CO, 26 ozone, 

7 NOx, 16 lead, 18 acid deposition, 10 toxics, and 8 trace metals sites, respectively. 

In accordance with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, in 1994 BAQS established the first of 

two ambient air monitoring sites for enhanced ozone monitoring called Photochemical 

Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) to collect and report detailed data for volatile organic 

compounds, nitrogen oxides, ozone and meteorological parameters. 

BAQS began implementing the PM2.5 monitoring networks of FRM and TEOM monitors in 

1998. At its peak, there were 46 FRM instruments deployed. After sufficient data were obtained 

for attainment determination, FRM sites were reduced and some sites were augmented with 

TEOM instruments in order to provide realtime inputs for EPA’s AIRNow website for Air 

Quality Index (AQI) reporting. 

BAQS currently operates the following monitors: 28 ozone, 18 SO2, 7 NOx (including 3 NOy), 7 

CO, 19 FRM PM2.5, 26 TEOM PM2.5, 5 FRM PM10, 3 TEOM 1405-DF(PM2.5,PM10, PMcourse), 

8 CSN, 2 speciated carbon, 2 black carbon (aethalometer), 2 speciated mercury, 4 particulate 

sulfate, 7 acid deposition, 3 TSP-lead, 1 PM10-lead, 2 PM10 metals, 11 toxics, 8 carbonyls, 2 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 16 of 207 

PAMS, 2 PAHs, and 20 meteorological stations. Figures 2.1 and 2.2 below show the geographic 

locations of monitoring sites in all nine regions of the State. 

Figure 2.1 Location Map of Monitoring Sites in New York State Excluding NYC 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 17 of 207 

Figure 2.2 Location Map of Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in NYC 

2.1 Monitoring Related Research and Investigations

In addition to the routine monitoring work, bureau staff collaborate with researchers from other 

agencies and academic institutions on a multitude of air pollution related studies. Over the years 

we have participated in research projects with the following partners: New York State 

Department of Health, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Connecticut 

Department of Environmental Protection, State University of New York, Albany, Clarkson 

University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, Drexel University, 

University of Rochester Medical Center, Desert Research Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic 

Institute, City University of New York, and Columbia University. These endeavors provided 

valuable data for the regulatory, scientific, and health research communities. Study findings are 

communicated through journal publications, as well as presentations at technical meetings and 

conferences. Listings of peer-reviewed scientific articles and oral/poster presentations resulting 

from recent BAQS monitoring activities are provided below. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 18 of 207 

2.1.1 Publications 

Kevin L. Civerolo, Oliver V. Rattigan, H. Dirk Felton, Matthew J. Hirsh and Steven DeSantis. 

Mercury wet deposition and speciated air concentrations from two urban locations in New York 

State: temporal patterns and regional context. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Accepted May 

2014. 

Oliver V. Rattigan, Kevin Civerolo, Prakash Doraiswamy, H. Dirk Felton and Philip K. Hopke. 

Long term black carbon measurements at two urban locations in New York. Aerosol and Air 

Quality Research, 13, 1181-1196, 2013. 

Thomas D. Matte, Zev Ross, Iyad Kheirbek, Holger Eisl, Sarah Johnson, John E. Gorczynski, 

Daniel Kass, Steven Markowitz, Grant Pezeshki and Jane E. Clougherty. Monitoring intra-urban 

spatial patterns of multiple combustion air pollutants in New York City: Design and 

implementation. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 23, 223-231, 

2013. 

Jane E. Clougherty, Iyad Kheirbek, Holger M. Eisl, Zev Ross, Grant Pezeshki, John E. 

Gorczynski, Sarah Johnson, Steven Markowitz, Daniel Kass and Thomas Matte. Intra-urban 

spatial variability in wintertime street-level concentrations of multiple combustion-related air 

pollutants: The New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS), Journal of Exposure Science 

and Environmental Epidemiology, 23, 232-240, 2013. 

Yungang Wang, Jiaoyan Huang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan, David C. Chalupa, 

Mark J. Utell, Thomas M. Holsen. Effect of the shutdown of a large coal-fired power plant on 

ambient mercury species. Chemosphere, 92, 360-367, 2013. 

Hyun-Deok Choi, Jiaoyan Huang, Sumona Mondal, Thomas M. Holsen. Variation in 

concentrations of three mercury (Hg) forms at a rural and a suburban site in New York State.

Science of the Total Environment, 448, 96-106, 2013. 

Zheming Tong, Yan Jason Wang, Molini Patel, Patrick Kinney, Steven Chrillrud and K. Max 

Zhang. Modeling Spatial Variations of Black Carbon Particles in an Urban Highway-Building 

Environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 312-319, 2012. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan, David C. Chalupa, Mark J. Utell. Multiyear black carbon measurement and source apportionment using Delta-C in Rochester, NY. 

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62, 880-887, 2012. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan, A new Indicator of Firework Emissions in 

Rochester, New York. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 7293-7297, 2012. 

Yu Chi Lin, James J. Schwab, Kenneth L. Demerjian, Min-Suk Bae, Wei-Nai Chen, Yele Sun, 

Qi Zhang, Hui-Ming Hung, and Jacqueline Perry, Summertime formaldehyde observations in 

New York City: Ambient levels, sources and its contribution to HOx radicals. Journal of 

Geophysical Research, Vol. 117, D08305, 14 PP., 2012 doi:10.1029/2011JD016504 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 19 of 207 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Xiaoyan Xia, Oliver V. Rattigan, David C. Chalupa, Mark J. 

Utell. Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using inorganic and organic species as 

tracers. Atmospheric Environment, 55, 525-532, 2012. 

Jiaoyan Huang, Philip K. Hopke, Hyun-Deok Choi, James R. Laing, Huailue Cui, Tiffany J. 

Zananski, Sriraam Ramanathan Chandrasekaran, Oliver V. Rattigan and Thomas M. Holsen, 

Mercury (Hg) emissions from domestic biomass combustion for space heating, Chemosphere 84, 

1694-1699, 2011. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan and Yifang Zhu, Characterization of 

ambient black carbon and wood burning particles in two urban areas, Journal of Environmental 

Monitoring, 13, 1919-1926, 2011. 

Y.-L. Sun, Q. Zhang, J. J. Schwab, K. L. Demerjian, W.-N. Chen, M.-S. Bae, H.-M. Hung, O. 

Hogrefe, B. Frank, O. V. Rattigan, and Y.-C. Lin, Characterization of the sources and processes 

of organic and inorganic aerosols in New York city with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol 

mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1581–1602, 2011.

Min-Suk Bae, James J. Schwab, Wei-Nai Chen1, Chuan-Yao Lin, Oliver V. Rattigan, Kenneth 

L. Demerjian. Identifying pollutant source directions using multiple analysis at a rural location in 

New York, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 2531-2540, 2011. 

Oliver V. Rattigan, H. Dirk Felton, Min-Suk Bae, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian 

Comparison of long-term PM2.5 carbon measurements at an urban and rural location in New 

York. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 3228-3236, 2011. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan and Xiaoyan Xia. Characterization of 

residential wood combustion particles using the two-wavelength aethalometer, Environmental 

Science & Technology, 45, 7387-7393, 2011. 

Oliver V. Rattigan, H. Dirk Felton, Min-Suk Bae, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian, 

Multi-year hourly PM2.5 carbon measurements in New York: Diurnal, day of week and seasonal 

patterns, Atmospheric Environment, 44, 2043-2053, 2011. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, David C. Chalupa, Mark J. Utell. Long-term study of urban 

ultrafine particles and other pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 7672-7680, 2011. 

Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, Liaquat Husain, Utpal K. Roychowdhury, Kenneth L. Demerjian. Impact 

of Canadian wildfire smoke on air quality at two rural sites in NY State, Atmospheric 

Environment, 45, 2028-2033, 2011. 

Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, Liaquat Husain, Utpal K. Roychowdhury, Kenneth L. Demerjian, Black 

carbon transport to a remote mountaintop in the northeastern US and relationship with other 

pollutants, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 2011-2019, 2011. 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Mark. J. Utell, Urban-scale Spatial-temporal Variability of 

Black Carbon and Winter Residential Wood Combustion Particles, Aerosol and Air Quality 

Research, 11, 473–481, 2011. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 20 of 207 

Yungang Wang, Jiaoyan Huang, Tiffany J Zananski, Philip K Hopke, Thomas M Holsen, 

Impacts of the Canadian forest fires on atmospheric mercury and carbonaceous particles in 

Northern New York. Environmental Science & Technology, vol 44, 8435-8440, 2010. 

Ozone, Trace Gas, and Particulate Matter Measurements at a Rural Site in Southwestern New 

York State: 1995–2005, James J. Schwab, John B. Spicer, and Kenneth L. Demerjian, J. Air & 

Waste Manage. Assoc. 59:293–309, 2009. 

Dirk Felton, Is it Time to Upgrade the PM2.5 Federal Reference Method? Air & Waste 

Management EM Magazine, February, 2009. 

Haider A. Khwajaa, Pravin P. Parekha, Adil R. Khana , Daniel L. Hershey, Ronaq R. Naqvie, 

Abdul Malikf, Khalid Khanf, In-Depth Characterization of Urban Aerosols Using Electron 

Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis, CLEAN, 37(7), Pages 544-554, 2009. 

Valerie B Haley, Thomas O Talbot and Henry D Felton, Surveillance of the Impact of Air 

Pollution on Cardiovascular Disease in New York State, Environmental Health, 2009. 8:42 

(22 September 2009). 

Stephen R. McDow, Monica A. Mazurek, Min Li, Lee Alter, John Graham, H. Dirk Felton, 

Thomas McKenna, Charles Pietarinen, Alan Leston, Steve Bailey, Sania W. Tong Argao, 

Speciation and Atmospheric Abundance of Organic Compounds in PM2.5 from the New York 

City Area. I. Sampling Network, Sampler Evaluation, Molecular Level Blank Evaluation. 

Aerosol Science and Technology, 42:50–63, 2008. 

Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, Sumizah Qureshi, Adil R. Khan, Liaquat Husain, James J. Schwab and 

Kenneth L. Demerjian, Field test data for 42 liter per minute PM2.5 aerosol sampler used during 

the PMTACS-NY intensives held at Queens College, Queens, NY, Atmospheric Environment, 

Volume 40, Supplement 2, 2006, Pages 182-191. 

Sumizah Qureshi, Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, Adil R. Khan, Kamal Swami, Karl X.Yang, Liaquat 

Husain, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian, Elemental composition of PM2.5 aerosols in 

Queens, New York: Solubility and temporal trends, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 40, 

Supplement 2, 2006, Pages 238-251. 

Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, Sumizah Qureshi, Liaquat Husain, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. 

Demerjian, Elemental composition of PM2.5 aerosols in Queens, New York: Evaluation of 

sources of fine-particle mass, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 40, Supplement 2, 2006, Pages 

347-359. 

Min-Suk Bae, Kenneth L. Demerjian and James J. Schwab, Seasonal estimation of organic mass 

to organic carbon in PM2.5 at rural and urban locations in New York state, Atmospheric 

Environment, Volume 40, Issue 39, December 2006, Pages 7467-7479. 

Oliver V. Rattigan, Olga Hogrefe, H.D. Felton, James J. Schwab, Utpal K. Roychowdhury, 

Liaquat Husain, Vincent A. Dutkiewicz and Kenneth L. Demerjian, Multi-year urban and rural 

semi-continuous PM2.5 sulfate and nitrate measurements in New York state: Evaluation and 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 21 of 207 

comparison with filter based measurements, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 40, Supplement 

2, 2006, Pages 192-205. 

Xinrong Ren, William H. Brune, Jingqiu Mao, Michael J. Mitchell, Robert L. Lesher, James B. 

Simpas, Andrew R. Metcalf, James J. Schwab, Yongquan Li, Kenneth L. Demerjian, Henry D. 

Felton, Garry Boynton, Allen Adams, Jacqueline Perry, Yi He, Xianliang Zhou, and Jian Hou, 

Behavior of OH and HO2 in the Winter Atmosphere in New York City, Atmospheric 

Environment, Volume 40, Supplement 2, 2006, Pages 252-263. 

Liming Zhou, Philip K. Hopke and Prasanna Venkatachari, Cluster analysis of single particle 

mass spectra measured at Flushing, NY, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 555, Issue 1, 5 

January 2006, Pages 47-56. 

Schwab J.J., Felton H.D., Rattigan O.V., Demerjian K.L., New York State Urban and Rural 

Measurements of Continuous PM2.5 Mass by FDMS, TEOM and BAM, Journal Air & Waste 

Management Assoc. 2006, Volume 56:372-383. 

Schwab, J.J., O. Hogrefe, K. L. Demerjian, V. A. Dutkiewicz, L. Husain, O. V. Rattigan, and H. 

D. Felton, Field and Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermo Electron 5020 Sulfate Particulate 

Analyzer, Aerosol Science & Technology, 2006, 40, S1, 36-44. 

Venkatachari P., Zhou L., Hopke P.K., Felton D., Rattigan O.V., Schwab J.J., Demerjian K.L., 

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Black Carbon in New York City, Journal of Geophysical 

Research, 2006, Vol 111, D10S05, 1-9. 

Venkatachari P., Zhou L., Hopke P.K., Schwab J.J., Demerjian K.L., Weimer, S., Hogrefe O., 

Felton D., Rattigan O.,., An Intercomparison of Measurement Methods for Carbonaceous 

Aerosol in the Ambient Air in New York City, Aerosol Science & Technology, 2006, 40, 788-

795. 

Nenad Aleksic, Garry Boynton, Gopal Sistla, Jacqueline Perry, Concentrations and Trends of 

Benzene in Ambient Air over New York State during 1990-2003 Atmospheric Environment 

Volume 39 (2005) 7894-7905. 

Zheng Li, Philip K. Hopke, Liaquat Husain, Sumizah Qureshi, Vincent A. Dutkiewicz, James J. 

Schwab, Frank Drewnick and Kenneth L. Demerjian, Sources of fine particle composition in 

New York city, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 38, Issue 38, December 2004, Pages 6521-

6529. 

Drewnick, F., J. J. Schwab, J. T. Jayne, M. Canagaratna, D.R. Worsnop, and K.L. Demerjian, 

Measurement of ambient aerosol composition during the PMTACS-NY 2001 campaign using an 

aerosol mass spectrometer. Part I: Mass concentrations, Aerosol Science and Technology, 

38(SI), 92-103, 2004. 

Drewnick, F., J.T. Jayne, M. Canagaratna, D.R. Worsnop and K.L. Demerjian, Measurement of 

ambient aerosol composition during the PMTACS-NY 2001 campaign using an aerosol mass 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 22 of 207 

spectrometer. Part II: Chemically speciated mass distribution, Aerosol Science and Technology, 

38(SI):104-117, 2004. 

Dutkiewicz, V. A., S.Qureshi, A.R. Khan, V. Ferrara, J. Schwab, K. Demerjian, and L. Husain , 

Sources of fine particulate sulfate in New York”. Atmos. Environ., 38, 3179-3189, 2004. 

Hogrefe, O., F. Drewnick, G.G. Lala, J. J. Schwab, and K.L. Demerjian , Development, 

operation and applications of an aerosol generation, calibration and research facility, new 

instruments and data inversion methods, Aerosol Science and Technol.ogy, 38(SI): 196-214, 

2004. 

Hogrefe, O., J. Schwab, F. Drewnick, K. Rhoads, G.G. Lala, H.D. Felton, O.V. Rattigan, L. 

Husain, V.A. Dutkiewicz, S. Peters, and K.L. Demerjian , Semi-continuous PM2.5 sulfate and 

nitrate measurements at an urban and a rural location in New York: PMTACS-NY Summer 2001 

and 2002 campaigns., J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 54, 1040-1060, 2004. 

Schwab, J.J., H.D. Felton, and K.L. Demerjian, Aerosol chemical composition in New York state 

from integrated filter samples: Urban/rural and seasonal contrasts”. J. Geophys. Res., 109, 

D16S05, doi:10.1029/2003JD004078, 2004. 

Schwab, J.J., J. Spicer, K.L. Demerjian, J.L. Ambs, and H.D. Felton, Long-term field 

characterization of TEOM and modified TEOM samplers in urban and rural New York State 

locations”. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 54, 1264-1280, 2004. 

Schwab, J.J., O. Hogrefe, K.L. Demerjian, and J.L. Ambs, Laboratory characterization of 

modified TEOM samplers”, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 54, 1254-1263, 2004. 

Schwab, J.J., Y.-Q. Li, and K.L. Demerjian, Semi-continuous formaldehyde measurements with 

a diffusion scrubber/liquid fluorescence analyzer. In Symposium on air quality measurement 

methods and technology – 2004 [CD-ROM in press], Air and Waste Management Association, 

Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2004. 

Canagaratna, M. J., J. T. Jayne, D. Ghertner, S. Herndon, Q. Shi, J. L. Jimenez , P.J. Silva, P. 

Williams, T. Lanni, F. Drewnick, K. L. Demerjian, C. Kolb, D. Worsnop, Chase Studies of 

Particulate Emissions from inuse New York City Vehicles, Aerosol Science & Technology, 38, 

555-573, 2004. 

Li, Z., P.K. Hopke, L.Husain, S. Qureshi, V.A. Dutkiewicz, J.J. Schwab, F. Drewnick, and K.L. 

Demerjian, Sources of Fine Particle Composition in New York City, Atmospheric Environment, 

38, 6521-6529, 2004. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 23 of 207 

2.1.2 Posters/Presentations

Everything but Routine: Air Monitoring from Sept 11 to Sandy, Dirk Felton, Central New York 

A&WMA Conference, March 2014. 

Interim Report: Phase 1 of the Air Quality Study of the Impact of the Peace Bridge Plaza on the 

Surrounding Neighborhood, A&WMA Annual Conference, Dirk Felton, Rochester, NY, 

February 2014. 

The Air Quality Impact of Super Storm Sandy and the Mitigation Strategies That Could Have 

Helped, Dirk Felton, NYSERDA EMEP Conference, November 6-7, 2013. 

The following posters were presented at the EMEP Conference, Nov 6-7, 2013, Albany. 

1) Long-term trends of air pollutants in New York State: urban-rural contrasts, Oliver V. 

Rattigan, Kevin L. Civerolo, H. Dirk Felton, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian. 

2) 25 Years of Atmospheric Monitoring at Whiteface Mountain Observatory: A Data Set Available for the 

Environmental Research Community. R. E. Brandt, J. J. Schwab, K. L. Demerjian, O. V. Rattigan and H.D. 

Felton. 

3) Correlation Between Ambient Ultrafine Particle Events at Two Geographically Displaced Monitors in New 

York City. Brian P. Frank, H.D. Felton, Oliver V. Rattigan, Robert C. Anderson, Jacqueline Perry, Olga 

Hogrefe, Brian Aho, Gil LaDuke, and Hamza Hafeez. 

 

Appropriately Interpreting Air Quality Data in an Emergency Response, 8th Annual Interagency 

Workshop Using Environmental Information to Prepare and Respond to Emergencies, Dirk 

Felton, New York University Kimmel Center, July 2013. 

Enhancements to acid deposition monitoring in New York State. KL Civerolo, HD Felton, KM 

Roy, and GG Lampman. Presented at the Northeastern Ecosystem Research Cooperative 

Meeting in Saratoga Springs, NY (March 2013) and the Adirondack Research Consortium 

Annual Conference on the Adirondacks in Lake Placid, NY (May 2013). 

Ultrafine Particle Measurements and Evaluation of Mobile Source Contribution in New York 

City. Brian P. Frank, James J. Schwab, G. Garland Lala, Oliver V. Rattigan, H. D. Felton, 

Kenneth L. Demerjian, Robert C. Anderson, Gil LaDuke, and Hongyu Li. 23rd CRC Real World 

Emissions Workshop, San Diego, CA, April 7-10, 2013. 

Ultrafine Particle Monitor (TSI 3031) Measurements and Evaluation in New York City, James J. 

Schwab, G. Garland Lala, Kenneth L, Demerjian, Brian P. Frank, H. D. Felton, Oliver V. 

Rattigan, Presented at the American Association for Aerosol Research 31st Annual Conference, 

October 8-12, 2012, Minneapolis, MN. 

Spatial Extent of New Particle Formation and Growth Events, James J. Schwab, G. Garland Lala, 

Kenneth L, Demerjian, Brian P. Frank, H. D. Felton, Oliver V. Rattigan, Presented at the 

American Association for Aerosol Research 31st Annual Conference, October 8-12, 2012, 

Minneapolis, MN. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 24 of 207 

The Age Old Question: Continuous or 24-hr Integrated Measurements, Oliver V. Rattigan, Kevin 

L. Civerolo, H. D. Felton and James J. Schwab, Presented at the American Association for 

Aerosol Research 31st Annual Conference, October 8-12, 2012, Minneapolis, MN. 

NYSDEC Collaborative Community Air Screening, Dirk Felton, Randi Walker, National Air 

Monitoring Conference, Denver, CO May, 2012. 

Temporal Patterns of Air Pollutants at Urban Locations, Oliver V. Rattigan, 30th Regional 

Meeting on Kinetics and Dynamics, Wadsworth Center, Albany, Jan 28, 2012. 

The following 4 Posters were presented at the EMEP Conference, November 15-16, 2011. 

Behavior of ultrafine particles and related particulate and gaseous species at two geographically 

distributed sites in new york city, B.P. Frank, H.D. Felton, O. Hogrefe, J. Perry, O.V. Rattigan, 

and R.A. Anderson. 

A method to extract and interpret additional aerosol organic carbon fractions from thermal optical 

analysis of filter-based data, M. Bae, J.J. Schwab, O.V. Rattigan, K.L. Demerjian, M. Choe, and 

S. Kim. 

PM2.5 Class III FEMS: performance evaluation at Queens College, New York, O. V. Rattigan, D. 

H. Felton, and M. Christophersen. 

Variations and trends in PM2.5 mass, sulfate, and carbon concentrations at a rural and an urban site 

in new york state , J. J. Schwab, K. L. Demerjian, O. V. Rattigan, and H. D. Felton. 

Variations and trends in PM2.5 mass, sulfate, and carbon concentrations at a rural and an urban site 

in New York State, James J. Schwab, Kenneth L. Demerjian, Oliver V. Rattigan, and H. D. 

Felton, Presented at the American Geophysical Union Annual meeting, San Francisco, November 

2011. 

A Method to Extract and Interpret Additional Aerosol Organic Carbon Fractions from Thermal 

Optical Analysis of Filter-Based Data, Min-Suk Bae, James J. Schwab, Oliver V. Rattigan, 

Kenneth L. Demerjian, American Association for Aerosol Research, 30th annual conference 

October 3-7, 2011, Orlando, FL. 

Characterization of residential wood combustion particles using the two-wavelength aethalometer, 

Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, Oliver V. Rattigan and Xiaoyan Xia, American Association for 

Aerosol Research, 30th annual conference October 3-7, 2011, Orlando, FL. 

Comparison of Long-Term and Seasonal Behavior of Ultrafine Particles and Related Species 

Between Urban Near-Road and Area-Wide Monitors in New York City. Brian P Frank, HD 

Felton, Olga Hogrefe, Jacqueline Perry, ROBERT A ANDERSON. American Association for 

Aerosol Research, 30th annual conference October 3-7, 2011, Orlando, FL. 

Establishing an Ambient Mercury Baseline in New York State: Results from an EPA Community 

Assessment Grant, National Air Toxics Monitoring and Data Analysis Workshop Dallas, TX, 

April 4-7, 2011. 

The View From Ground Level, a Perspective from the States, Well, at Least the Ambient Air 

Monitoring Perspective from one State, Dirk Felton, P.E., Health Effects Institute Annual 

Conference, May 1-3, 2011 Boston, MA. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 25 of 207 

Comparison of new and old CSN carbon with collocated measurements in New York. Oliver V. 

Rattigan and H. Dirk Felton, Min-Suk Bae, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian, 29th

Annual AAAR Conference, Portland OR, October 25-29, 2010. 

Life in the Big City: Evolution of Particle Concentration, Size Distribution, and Composition on 

a “Typical” Summer Day in Queens, New York City. Schwab et al., (co-authors; ASRC and 

DEC) 29th Annual AAAR Conference, Portland OR, October 25-29, 2010. 

Intercomparison of Long-Term Ambient Ultrafine Particle Size Distribution Measurements at a 

Near-Roadway and a Representative Urban Site in New York City. Brian P. Frank, Jacqueline 

Perry, H. D. Felton, Robert A. Anderson, Oliver V. Rattigan. 29th Annual AAAR Conference, 

Portland OR, October 25-29, 2010.

Urban Mercury Monitoring: Data Review and Operational Notes: A Year Spent with the Tekran 

Speciated Ambient Mercury Analyzer at Two Urban Locations in New York State and an update 

of the AMNET program, Dirk Felton, Kevin Civerolo, Matt Hirsh: NYSDEC, MARAMA 

Monitoring Conference, February 23, 2010. 

NYSDEC Experience with the Synspec BTEX Instrument, Paul Sierzenga, NYS Dept of 

Environmental Conservation, 2009 EPA National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference. 

A Year Spent with the Tekran Speciated Ambient Mercury Analyzer at Two Urban Locations in 

New York State, Dirk Felton, Kevin Civerolo, Matt Hirsh: NYSDEC Bureau of Air Quality 

Surveillance, 2009 EPA National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference.

Tonawanda New York Community Air Quality Study, Paul Sierzenga, NYS Dept of 

Environmental Conservation, 2009 EPA National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference. 

Calibration System for Low Range GPT Calibrations of High Sensitivity NOx and NOy Monitors, 

Dirk Felton, Malcolm Baker: NYSDEC Bureau of Air Quality Surveillance 

Kirk Lovewell, Mark Cogan: Teledyne API, 2009 EPA National Ambient Air Monitoring 

Conference. 

Aerosol Carbon Measurements Using Different Techniques in New York: Comparison of Total 

Carbon, Oliver Rattigan, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center Seminar, December 9, 2008. 

Aerosol Optical Properties Obtained from Continuous Mass, Composition and Scattering 

Measurements, James J. Schwab, Min-Suk Bae, Olga Hogrefe, Qi Zhang, G. Garland Lala, Ken 

Demerjian and Oliver Rattigan, American Association for Aerosol Research Annual Conference, 

Orlando, FL, October 20-24, 2008. 

Effect of Particle Properties on Determination of Mean Particle Size Using the Electrical Aerosol 

Detector, Brian P. Frank, Olga Hogrefe, Daniel Hershey, American Association for Aerosol 

Research 27th Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, October 20-24, 2008. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 26 of 207 

Aerosol Carbon Measurements Using Different Techniques in New York, Oliver Rattigan, Dirk 

Felton, James Schwab, Min-Suk Bae and Kenneth Demerjian, American Association for Aerosol 

Research Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, October 20-24, 2008. 

Continuous PM2.5 Speciation Measurements in New York, Oliver V. Rattigan, H. Dirk Felton, 

James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian, Extended Abstract # 524, Air & Waste 

Management Association Annual Conference, Portland, OR, June 24-27, 2008. 

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Health Research Workshop to Discuss Key Issues, Session 

1: Elemental and Organic Carbon Measurements, Chemical Speciation Network: Carbon Issues, 

Eastern and Western Perspectives on Air Quality Monitoring, Dirk Felton, EPA – RTP, April 16-

17, 2008. 

Air Quality Monitoring in New York State, Northeast/New England Regional Air Quality 

Conference, Dirk Felton, April, 2008. 

Why continuous PM2.5 FEM III data may not be appropriate for attainment demonstrations, 

National Air Quality Conference, Dirk Felton, Portland, OR, April 6-9, 2008 

Results of PM2.5 Continuous Speciation Measurements in New York, Oliver Rattigan, NYSDEC 

PE Seminar, March 11, 2008. 

Air Quality Data Summit, Session: Inventory of Data Systems, Data provider perspectives, Dirk 

Felton, RTP, NC, February 12-13, 2008. 

Predicting near real-time PM2.5 FRM Concentrations from Continuous Mass and Species 

Measurements in New York City. Dirk H. Felton, Oliver V. Rattigan, James J. Schwab, Kenneth 

L. Demerjian, AAAR, Reno, NV, Sept 25, 2007. 

Highlights of PM2.5 Continuous Speciation Measurements in New York, 

Oliver, V. Rattigan, AAAR 26th Annual Conference, Reno, NV, Sept 25, 2007. 

PM2.5 Carbon Measurements in New York; Comparison of Techniques and Seasonal, Weekday 

and Diurnal Patterns, Oliver V. Rattigan, Air & Waste Management Association Symposium on 

Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, May 2, 2007. 

Multi-Year Measurements of Black Carbon at two Urban Locations in New York: Comparison 

with Elemental Carbon, Oliver V. Rattigan, H. (Dirk) Felton, James J. Schwab and Kenneth L. 

Demerjian, AAAR 2006. 

Speciated PMcoarse by Difference: A look at a year of XRF data in New York City and in 

Niagara Falls, New York , Dirk Felton, Kevin Civerolo and Oliver Rattigan, EPA National 

Monitoring Conference, 2006. 

Semi-Continuous Measurements of PM2.5 Carbon at the South Bronx, NY: Comparison with 

Filter Measurements, Oliver Rattigan, EPA National Monitoring Conference, 2006. 

(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/2006conference/schwabsemi.pdf) 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 27 of 207 

Concentrations of PM2.5 and Selected Trace Metals Across the NYC Metropolitan Region, Kevin 

Civerolo, EPA National Monitoring Conference, 2006. 

Modifying 50 oC TEOM Data to be more "FRM like" for AQI Reporting using a Non-linear 

Correction based on the Julian Day, Dirk Felton, Oliver Rattigan, EPA National Monitoring 

Conference, 2006. 

Multiyear Evaluations of PMcoarse by Difference Utilizing Low and High Volume Samplers and 

Collocated 50 Deg. C TEOMs, Dirk Felton, Oliver V. Rattigan, Robert Baker and Paul 

Sierzenga, EPA National Monitoring Conference, 2006. 

Level 1 Data Validation - Validation at the Grass Roots Level, Paul Sierzenga, EPA National 

Monitoring Conference, 2006. 

Measurement of Ambient Aerosol Composition Using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer 

in New York City: Winter 2004 Intensive Study, Silke Weimer, Frank Drewnick, James J. 

Schwab, Kevin Rhoads, Douglas Orsini, Kenneth L. Demerjian, Douglas R. Worsnop, Qi Zhang, 

Jose J. Jimenez, Dirk Felton, AAAR, 2005. 

Continuous Sulfate, Carbon, and PM2.5 Mass at Addison, NY during the Summer 2004 

NEAQS/ITCT Field Intensive, James J. Schwab,John Spicer, Olga Hogrefe, Oliver V. Rattigan, 

H. D. Felton, Kevin Rhoads, Silke Weimer, Yongquan Li, G. Garland Lala, and Kenneth L. 

Demerjian, AAAR, 2005. 

Measurement Uncertainty in the Determination of Fine Particle Mass, Sulfate, and Selected 

Transition Metals, James J. Schwab, H. D. Felton, Liaquat Husain, and Kenneth L. Demerjian, 

AAAR, 2005. 

Urban and Rural Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter in New York State, James J. 

Schwab, H. D. Felton, Kevin Civerolo, Liaquat Husain, and Kenneth L. Demerjian, AAAR, 

2005. 

Continuous PM2.5 Sulfate and Carbon at Addison in Rural New York State: Measurements from 

and Evaluations of the Thermo 5020 Sulfate and the Sunset Labs OCEC Instruments, James J. 

Schwab, Olga Hogrefe, Oliver V. Rattigan, H. D. Felton, Vincent Dutkiewicz, Liaquat Husain 

and Kenneth L. Demerjian, AAAR, Atlanta, February 7-11, 2005. 

Semi-continuous PM2.5 Sulfate and Nitrate Measurements in New York: Routine Field 

Measurements and Intensive Field Campaigns, Olga Hogrefe, Oliver V. Rattigan, James J. 

Schwab, Frank Drewnick, Silke Weimer, Kevin Rhoads, Kenneth L. Demerjian, PM Supersites 

AAAR Conference, February 7-11, 2005, Atlanta, GA. 

Intercomparison and Evaluation of Semi-Continuous PM-2.5 Nitrate and Sulfate Instruments 

During PMTACS-NY Summer 2001 Campaign in New York City, Olga Hogrefe, Frank 

Drewnick, James J. Schwab, Henry D. Felton, Kenneth L. Demerjian, AGU 2004. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 28 of 207 

Semi-Continuous PM2.5 Sulfate and Nitrate Measurements in New York: Routine Field 

Measurements and Intensive Field Campaigns, Olga Hogrefe, Oliver V. Rattigan, James J. 

Schwab, Utpal Roychowdhury, Frank Drewnick, Silke Weimer, Kevin Rhoads and Kenneth L. 

Demerjian, AAAR, Atlanta, 2005. 

Relationship Between NOy, PM, Nitrate And PM2.5 At A Mountain Site In Upstate New York 

During The PMTACS-NY Program, U. K. Roychowdhury, R. A. Lamica, J. Schwab and K. L. 

Demerjian, O. Rattigan, H.D. Felton. AAAR, Atlanta, February 7-11, 2005. 

Estimates Of PM2.5 Aerosol Acidity From Inorganic Ion Balance Measurements At Urban And 

Rural New York State Locations From CSN Integrated Filters, James Schwab, Rachelle Jenkins, 

Kenneth Demerjian, Dirk Felton, AAAR, Atlanta, February 7-11, 2005. 

Highlights And Lessons Learned: PM2.5 Technology Assessment And Characterization Study In 

New York – PMTACS-NY Supersite Program, Kenneth L. Demerjian, J. Schwab, G. Lala, O. 

Hogrefe, Y. Li, S. Weimer, AAAR 2005. 

Real-time PM2.5 Black Carbon Measurements at Rochester and the South Bronx, NY, O. V. 

Rattigan, H. D. Felton and K. L. Civerolo, EMEP, NYSERDA, October 25, 2005.

(http://www.nyserda.org/programs/Environment/EMEP/conference 2005/Rattigan post.pdf) 

New York State Urban and Rural Measurements of Continuous PM2.5 Mass by FDMS TEOM 

and BAM: Evaluation and Comparisons with the FRM, D. Felton, O.V. Rattigan, K.L. 

Demerjian, J.J. Schwab,.AAAR 2005, February 7-11, 2005. 

Air Quality and Related Health Research: Particulates (PM) and Co-Pollutants: What is in 

Ambient Particulate Matter?, Dirk Felton, NYSERDA EMEP Conference, 2005. 

A Review and Update of PM-2.5 Mass and Species Monitoring in New York State, Dirk Felton, 

NYSDOH Division of Environmental Health Assessment, 2005 

Measurements of PM2.5 Carbon in New York City, Oliver V. Rattigan and H. D. Felton, James J. 

Schwab and Kenneth L. Demerjian, Organic Speciation Workshop, Las Vegas, 2004.

(http://www.wrapair.org/APACE/SPECIATION/VegasOC_2004_Rattigan.pdf) 

Semi-Continuous Measurements of PM2.5 Sulfate, Nitrate and Co-Pollutants at an urban and a 

rural location. Oliver V. Rattigan, Olga Hogrefe, D.H. Felton, James J. Schwab, and Kenneth L. 

Demerjian, AAAR 2004. 

R&P 8400S and R&P 8400N Ambient Particulate Sulfate and Nitrate Monitors: Performance 

during PMTACS-NY Intensive Field Campaigns and Routine Measurements, O. Hogrefe, O.V. 

Rattigan, James J. Schwab, Frank Drewnick, Kevin Rhoads, Silke Weimer, Douglas Orsini, and 

Kenneth L. Demerjian, EMEP NYSERDA Conference, 2004. 

FDMS Instrument Evaluation, Dirk Felton, National Supersite Data Review Meeting, 2004 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 29 of 207 

3. Monitoring Sites 

The Bureau’s tasks and responsibilities are carried out by staff in four Sections. While the field 

operators are stationed throughout the State, the managers are physically located in the Central 

Office in Albany (Northern Monitoring, Network Operations), our Region 2 Office in Long 

Island City (Southern Monitoring), and the SUNY East Campus in Rensselaer (Monitoring 

Support). Functionally, the Northern Monitoring Section is responsible for ambient air 

monitoring sites in upstate New York north of and including the counties of Rockland and 

Putnam. The Southern Monitoring Section is responsible for ambient air monitoring sites in the 

counties of Westchester, Nassau, Suffolk, and those counties comprising the City of New York. 

Currently there are 55 active sites statewide. Figures 3.1 and 3.2 show monitoring site locations 

for the two monitoring operations, respectively. 

Figure 3.1 Site Locations for Northern Monitoring Operation 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 30 of 207 

Figure 3.2 Site Locations for Southern Monitoring Operation 

Information pertaining to each monitoring site including site photo, location, parameters 

monitored, sampling frequency, and analysis methodologies is provided below for the two 

monitoring operations. 

Most of the monitoring sites meet the siting criteria requirements for the parameters monitored as 

specified in Appendix E of 40 CFR Part 50. For the few sites that do not meet all of the siting 

requirements, we have demonstrated to EPA that in all instances the site is as representative of 

the monitoring area as it would be if the siting criteria were being met, and that the monitor or 

probe cannot reasonably be located so as to meet the siting criteria because of physical 

constraints. Waivers have been granted by the Regional Administrator for these sites. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 31 of 207 

3.1 Northern Monitoring Site Listings 

Table 3.1 Location Listing for Northern Monitoring Sites 

DEC 

Region AIRS # DEC # Site Name County Location 

3 36-027-0007 1328-01 Millbrook Dutchess Forest Research Station 

3 36-071-0002 3502-04 Newburgh Orange Public Safety Building 

3 36-071-5001 3527-01 Valley Central Orange Valley Central High School 

3 36-071-3001 3566-02 Wallkill Ballard Orange Ballard Road 

3 36-071-3002 3566-09 Wallkill Wakefern Orange Wakefern Food 

3 36-071-3004 3566-11 Scotchtown Orange 27 Industrial Drive 

3 36-079-0005 3951-01 Mt. Ninham Putnam NYSDEC Headquarters 

3 36-087-0005 4353-02 Rockland County Rockland Conklin Orchard 

4 36-001-0005 0101-13 Albany Albany Albany County Health Department 

4 36-001-0012 0101-33 Loudonville Albany Reservoir 

5 36-031-0002 1567-03 Whiteface Summit Essex Summit Building 

5 36-031-0003 1567-04 Whiteface Lodge Essex ASRC (Base Lodge) 

5 36-041-0005 2050-01 Piseco Lake Hamilton Airport 

5 36-091-0004 4567-01 Stillwater Saratoga Saratoga Historical Park 

6 36-033-0004 1655-01 Paul Smiths Franklin Paul Smith College 

6 36-043-0005 2167-03 Nick's Lake Herkimer Campground 

6 36-045-0002 2223-01 Perch River Jefferson Game Management Building 

6 36-065-2001 3202-01 Utica Oneida Utica Health Dept 

6 36-089-0005 4458-05 Wanakena St. Lawrence Ranger Station 

7 36-053-0006 2655-01 *Camp Georgetown Madison Rural site 

7 36-067-1015 3353-09 E. Syracuse Onondaga Enterprise Parkway 

7 36-075-0003 3754-01 Fulton Oswego 820 County Rt. 8 

8 36-015-0003 0701-05 Elmira Chemung Water Treatment Plant 

8 36-055-1007 2701-22 Rochester Monroe Yarmouth Rd (RG&E Substation) 

8 36-101-0003 5001-04 Pinnacle Steuben Pinnacle State Park 

8 36-117-3001 5863-01 Williamson Wayne Wayne County Occupational Center 

9 36-029-0002 1451-03 Amherst Erie 450 Maple Rd, Amherst Parks Dept 

9 36-029-1014 1472-14 Tonawanda II Erie 192 Brookside Terrace West 

9 36-063-1006 3120-02 Middleport Niagara Sewage Treatment Plant 

9 36-013-0006 0601-04 Dunkirk Chautauqua Sewage Treatment Plant 

9 36-029-0005 1401-18 Buffalo Erie Off Dingens Street, near Weiss 

9 36-029-0023 1455-02 Buffalo Near-Road Erie I90 Mile Post 424.6 East Bound Side 

*Inactive site due to lack of utility service. 

 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 32 of 207 

Albany County Health Dept. 

 36-001-0005

South Ferry and Green Streets 

Albany, NY 12202 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 33 of 207 

Albany County Health Department

Address: South Ferry and Green Streets 

 Albany, NY 12202 

AQS Number: 36-001-0005 

DEC Number: 0101-13 

County: Albany 

Statistical Area: Albany-Schenectady-Troy 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.64225 Lon: -73.75464 

 

This site was established in 1973 as a TSP site. Over time, it has progressed to PM10 and is now a 

collocated PM2.5 FRM site. A continuous R&P TEOM is also operated at the Albany County 

Health Department. This site is used for AIRNow reporting. Speciation sampling was added in 

January 2008. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 

PM2.5 Collocated Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Speciation Ions 

and Elements 

Met One SASS 

Method 811 

XRF 1 in 3 

PM2.5 Speciation Carbon URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR 1 in 3 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 34 of 207 

Amherst 

36-029-0002 

450 Maple Road 

Amherst, NY 14221 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 35 of 207 

Amherst

Address: Town of Amherst Parks Department & Audubon Golf Course 

 450 Maple Road 

 Amherst, NY 14221 

AQS Number: 36-029-0002 

DEC Number: 1451-03 

County: Erie 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.99328 Lon: -78.77153 

 

This site was established in July 1972. Amherst is a permanent ozone and nitrogen dioxide site. 

It is located on land behind the Town of Amherst Parks Department Maintenance building and 

alongside the Audubon Golf Course in a suburban area. This site measures ozone for the Buffalo 

area and transport from points west. It is reported on the AIRNow system. Acid deposition and 

PM2.5 monitoring were relocated here from the Niagara Falls site following its closure. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone 

 

TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5

Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 36 of 207 

Buffalo 

36-029-0005 

185 Dingens Street 

Buffalo, NY 14206 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 37 of 207 

Buffalo

Address: New York State Thruway Authority Bridge Maintenance Facility Access Road 

 Buffalo, NY 14206 

AQS Number: 36-029-0005 

DEC Number: 1401-18 

County: Erie 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.87691 Lon: -78.80981 

This site was originally established in January 1969 and is considered an urban scale site. 

Buffalo is the main monitoring site for the Buffalo area. It is located on the access road to the 

New York State Thruway Authority Bridge Maintenance Facility in an urbanized area. It is in 

close proximity to interstate 190 and was downwind of significant industrial sources in the 

1970s. The impact from industrial sources had been drastically reduced over the past two 

decades. The continuous PM2.5 data is reported to the AIRNow system. 

 Toxics and filter based PM10 monitoring were relocated here from the Niagara Falls upon site 

closure. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Oxides of Nitrogen 

(NO, NO2, NOX) 

TEI 42C 

Method 074 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Carbon Monoxide TEI 48C 

Method 054 

Non Dispersive 

Infrared 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 Day 

PM 2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Speciation Ions 

and Elements 

Met One SASS 

Method 811 

IC, XRF 

RTI Laboratory 

Every Sixth Day 

PM10 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 127 

Gravimetric Every Third Day 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 day in 6 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 38 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 Speciation Carbon URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR Every Sixth Day 

Wind Speed/direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Proposed changes: reduce PM10 sampling frequency to 1 day in 6. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 39 of 207 

Buffalo Near-Road 

36-029-0023 

I90 Mile Post 424.6 East Bound Side 

Cheektowaga, NY 14225 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 40 of 207 

Buffalo Near-Road

Address: I90 Mile Post 424.6 East Bound Side 

 Cheektowaga, NY 14225 

AQS Number: 36-029-0023 

DEC Number: 1455-02 

County: Erie 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.921111 Lon: -78.766111 

This site was established in 2013 under the new NOx rule that became effective January, 2010. 

After a brief shake-down period, valid NO2 measurements were reported beginning April, 2014. 

A PM2.5 TEOM, a 1 in 3 day FRM sampler, and a CO instrument are scheduled to begin 

operation in the 3rd quarter of 2014, well ahead of the 1/1/2017 required start date. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Oxides of Nitrogen 

(NO, NO2, NOx) 

TEI 42C 

Method 074 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 41 of 207 

Camp Georgetown 

 36-053-0006 

Camp Georgetown 

Crumb Hill Road 

Georgetown, NY 13072 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 42 of 207 

Camp Georgetown

Address: Crumb Hill Road 

 Georgetown, NY 13072 

AQS Number: 36-053-0006 

DEC Number: 2655-01 

County: Madison 

Statistical Area: Syracuse, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.73036 Lon: -75.78442 

This site was established in 1987 as part of the NYSDEC Acid Deposition program in the 

Syracuse area of Central New York. The surrounding area is primarily forest and rural. The O3

and SO2 are both operated continuously without seasonal interruption. SO2 data are used by 

analysts in conjunction with the data from the acid deposition program. Ozone readings are 

reported to AIRNow. Currently the site is not in operation as power was shut off when the state 

facility was closed in April, 2012. This site will remain inactive until a power line is brought in 

by the local utility. 

The parameters to be monitored once site operation resumes are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 43 of 207 

Dunkirk 

36-013-0006 

City of Dunkirk Sewage Treatment Plant 

Wright Park Drive 

Dunkirk, NY 14048 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 44 of 207 

Dunkirk

Address: City of Dunkirk Sewage Treatment Plant 

 Wright Park Drive 

 Dunkirk, NY 14048 

AQS Number: 36-013-0006 

DEC Number: 0601-04 

County: Chautauqua 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.49963 Lon: -79.31881 

The Dunkirk monitoring trailer was established in 1999 as a regional transport site. It is located 

at the western edge of New York on the shores of Lake Erie at the City of Dunkirk’s Sewage 

Treatment Plant. It is approximately 200 feet from Lake Erie in a suburban neighborhood. With 

the predominant wind direction from the west, this site measures the background levels of 

pollution entering the state. Ozone levels are reported to AIRNow. 

PM2.5 monitoring was relocated here from the Westfield site upon its closure. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5

Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 days, 24-

hour 

Wind Speed/direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 45 of 207 

East Syracuse 

36-067-1015 

East Syracuse 

5895 Enterprise Parkway 

Syracuse, NY 13202 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 46 of 207 

East Syracuse

Address: 5895 Enterprise Parkway 

 Syracuse, NY 13202 

AQS Number: 36-067-1015 

DEC Number: 3353-09 

County: Onondaga 

Statistical Area: Syracuse 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.05235 Lon: -76.05921 

 

This site was established in 1991 in commercial area of suburban Syracuse. It is the primary air 

monitoring site in the Syracuse metropolitan area. In 1999 the site became part of the original 

PM2.5 FRM monitoring network. Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM R&P 

2025 Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 days, 24-

hour 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Wind Speed/direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

 Method 020 

 Continuous 

Precipitation Belfort Rain Gauge Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 47 of 207 

Fulton 

36-075-0003

820 County Route 8 

Fulton, NY 13069 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 48 of 207 

Fulton

Address: Granby Community Center 

 820 County Route 8 

 Fulton, NY 13069 

AQS Number: 36-075-0003 

DEC Number: 3754-01 

County: Oswego 

Statistical Area: Syracuse, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.28428 Lon: -76.46324 

The Fulton site was initiated on October 3, 2002 to measure the Ozone downwind of the 

Rochester area. Fulton is a seasonal automated ozone site, requiring minimal operator attention. 

The location in the Granby Community Center offers easy and secure access for DEC staff to 

perform site maintenance. 

 

 

 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 49 of 207 

Loudonville 

 36-001-0012 

300 Albany Shaker Road 

Albany, NY 12211 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 50 of 207 

Loudonville

Address: 300 Albany Shaker Road 

Albany, NY 12211 

AQS Number: 36-001-0012 

DEC Number: 0101-33 

County: Albany 

Statistical Area: Albany-Schenectady-Troy 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.68075 Lon: -73.75733 

 

This site was established in 1986 as a neighborhood scale, population exposure site. The site was 

expanded as part of the NYSDEC Acid Deposition Network. It is located in suburban Albany, in 

close proximity to Interstate 90. Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow and it is the only ozone 

monitor in Albany County. PM2.5 sampling was added in January 2008. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet Photometric Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Carbon Monoxide TEI 48C 

Method 054 

Non Dispersive Infrared Continuous 

PM2 5 Low volume FRM R&P 

2025 Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 

Wind Speed/Direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Met One 083D 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 51 of 207 

Middleport 

36-063-1006 

3825 North Hartland Road 

Middleport, NY 14105 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 52 of 207 

Middleport

Address: Middleport Sewage Treatment Plant 

 3825 North Hartland Road 

 Middleport, NY 14105 

AQS Number: 36-063-1006 

DEC Number: 3120-02 

County: Niagara 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.22386 Lon: -78.47888 

This site was established in 1980 as a Buffalo downwind site. Middleport is a seasonal ozone 

site, operating between April and November. It is located on land adjacent to the Middleport 

Sewage Treatment Plant in a rural and largely agricultural area. Ozone is measured for regional 

transport from Buffalo and points west. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 53 of 207 

Millbrook 

36-027-0007 

Millbrook 

Institute of Ecosystem Studies 

Millbrook, NY 12545 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 54 of 207 

Millbrook

Address: Institute of Ecosystem Studies 

 Forest Road 

 Millbrook, NY 12545 

AQS Number: 36-027-0007 

DEC Number: 1328-01 

County: Dutchess 

Statistical Area: Dutchess County, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 41.78555 Lon: -73.74136 

 

This site was established in 1990 as a replacement for the site in the city of Poughkeepsie. The 

site was suggested by researchers at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies when they suspected that 

the ozone values in the rural and agricultural area might be higher than those of the high traffic 

city monitor. The site is shared by the scientists at IES, and researchers there value the data. 

Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow. Sulfur dioxide measurements were added in June, 

2011. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Wind Speed/Direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Ambient Temperature Met One Method 040 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Novalynx 230-276-8 

Method 011 

 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 55 of 207 

Newburgh 

36-071-0002 

Public Safety Building 

55 Broadway 

Newburgh, NY 12550
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 56 of 207 

Newburgh

Address: Public Safety Building 

 55 Broadway 

 Newburgh, NY 12550 

AQS Number: 36-071-0002 

DEC Number: 3502-04 

County: Orange 

Statistical Area: New York, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 41.49916 Lon: -74.00885 

Newburgh was established in 2000 as part of the NYS PM2.5 FRM network. It currently has both 

a 1 in 3 day FRM and continuous R&P 1400 TEOM. This site has been used to calculate the 

“FRM Like” values that are reported to the AIRNow system for the TEOMs in New York City, 

Albany, Newburgh and Utica. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 3 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 57 of 207 

Nick’s Lake 

36-043-0005 

Nick’s Lake Campground 

278 Bisby Road 

Old Forge, NY 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 58 of 207 

Nick’s Lake Campground

Address: 278 Bisby Road 

 Old Forge, NY 

AQS Number: 36-043-0005 

DEC Number: 2167-03 

County: Herkimer 

Statistical Area: Utica-Rome, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.68578 Lon: -74.98538 

This site was established in 1987 at the Nick’s Lake Campground as part of the Acid Deposition 

program in the Adirondack Park. The O3 and SO2 are both operated continuously without 

seasonal interruption. SO2 data are used by analysts in conjunction with the data from the acid 

deposition program. Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Gaseous SO2, HNO3; 

particulate SO4

2-, NO3, 

NH4

+

; elemental Ca, Na, 

Mg, Cl 

CASTNet filter pack NADP’s Central 

Analytical Laboratory 

Weekly 

Ammonia AMoN sampler NADP’s Central 

Analytical Laboratory 

Biweekly 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 59 of 207 

Mt. Ninham 

 36-079-0005 

Mt. Ninham 

NYSDEC Multiple Use Area 

Gypsy Trail Road 

Kent, NY 10512 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 60 of 207 

Mt Ninham

Address: NYSDEC Multiple Use Area 

 Gypsy Trail Road 

 Kent, NY 10512 

AQS Number: 36-079-0005 

DEC Number: 3951-01 

County: Putnam 

Statistical Area: New York, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 41.45589 Lon: -73.70977 

This site was established in 1987 as part of the NYSDEC Acid Deposition program in the lower 

Hudson Valley. The surrounding area is primarily forest and rural. The O3 and SO2 are both 

operated continuously without seasonal interruption. The O3 data show transport from the 

metropolitan area of NY and NJ. Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 61 of 207 

Paul Smith’s College 

36-033-0004 

Route 86 and 30 

Paul Smith’s, NY 12970 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 62 of 207 

Paul Smith’s College

Address: Route 86 and 30 

 Paul Smith’s, NY 12970 

AQS Number: 36-033-0004 

DEC Number: 1655-01 

County: Franklin 

Coordinates: Lat: 44.43426 Lon: -74.24593 

This site was established in 2003 in partnership with Paul Smith’s College. The site is used as a 

teaching center by the school. It is maintained and operated by employees of the college with QA 

and technical support provided by DEC. 

 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 63 of 207 

Perch River 

 36-045-0002 

Vaadi Road 

LaFargeville, NY 13656 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 64 of 207 

Perch River

Address: Perch River Game Management Area 

 Vaadi Road 

 LaFargeville, NY 13656 

AQS Number: 36-045-0002 

DEC Number: 2223-01 

County: Jefferson 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 44.08747 Lon: -75.97316 

 

This site was established in 1992 as an Eastern Lake Ontario Ozone site. Perch River is a 

seasonal automated ozone site, requiring minimal operator attention It is located in the Game 

Management Building at a DEC owned site, which allows BAQS easy and secure access. Perch 

River is used for AIRNow reporting. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 65 of 207 

Pinnacle 

36-101-0003 

Pinnacle State Park 

1904 Pinnacle Road 

Addison, NY 14801 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 66 of 207 

Pinnacle

Address: Pinnacle State Park 

 1904 Pinnacle Road

Addison, NY 14801 

AQS Number: 36-101-0003 

DEC Number: 5001-04 

County: Steuben 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.09142 Lon: -77.20978 

This site was originally established in the mid 1990s by the Atmospheric Sciences Research 

Center to provide PAMs data upwind of the Northeast corridor. The NYSDEC has been 

collaborating on research initiatives at this site and now is responsible for many routine 

parameters reported from this site. The site was part of the NY PMTACS Supersite program and 

many research monitoring projects are on-going at this site. This site has been selected by EPA 

and DEC as a rural NCore site. Ozone, Low Level SO2, NOy and continuous PM2.5 and PM10

from this site are reported to AIRNow. Canister sampling for VOCs commenced in August, 

2012 to establish baseline levels in anticipation of potential Marcellus shales natural gas drillings 

in the Southern Tier region. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet Photometric Continuous 

Low Level SO2 TEI 43i TLE 

Method 560 

Pulsed Fluorescence Continuous 

Low Level CO API 300EU 

Method 593 

Non Dispersive 

Infrared 

Continuous 

NOy API 200EU 

Method 082 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

PM2 5 Low volume FRM R&P 

2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

PM2 5, PMcourse, PM10 TEI 1405 DF 

Method 790 

TEOM 30oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM2 5 Speciation Ions and 

Elements 

Met One SASS 

Method 811 

IC, XRF 

RTI Laboratory 1 day in 3 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 67 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2 5 Speciation Carbon URG 3000 Method 838 IMPROVE TOR 1 day in 3 

Sulfate TEI 5020i Pulsed Fluorescence Semi-continuous 

Toxics Canister Method 150 GC/MS 1 in 6 

Wind Speed/direction Method 020 --- Continuous 

Temperature Method 040 --- Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Method 011 --- Continuous 

Relative Humidity Method 011 --- Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 68 of 207 

Piseco Lake 

36-041-0005 

Piseco Lake 

Piseco Airport 

Piseco Lake, NY 12139 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 69 of 207 

Piseco Lake

Address: Piseco Airport 

 Piseco Lake, NY 12139 

AQS Number: 36-041-0005 

DEC Number: 2050-01 

County: Hamilton 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.44957 Lon: -74.51625 

This site was established in 1988 at the Piseco Airport as part of the Acid Deposition program in 

the southern Adirondacks. The O3 and SO2 are both operated continuously without seasonal 

interruption. Ozone readings are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 70 of 207 

Rochester 

 36-055-1007 

Rochester 

RG&E Substation 

Yarmouth Road 

Rochester, NY 14610 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 71 of 207 

Rochester

Address: RG&E Substation 

 30 Yarmouth Road

Rochester, NY 14610 

AQS Number: 36-055-1007 

DEC Number: 2701-22 

County: Monroe 

Statistical Area: Rochester 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.14618 Lon: -72.54822 

This site was established in 2004 to consolidate monitoring operations in the Rochester area. 

This is the major site in upstate New York and has been selected as a PM2.5 Speciation Trends 

site, a NATTs site and an NCORE site. The Ozone and continuous PM2.5 readings from this site 

are reported to AIRNow. The site is also used by researchers from several universities for short 

term monitoring studies. Current research monitoring includes Mercury speciation and ultra-fine 

particle counting. Data from this site is often integrated in the work from the PM Health Center 

which is located at the University of Rochester Medical Center. The Rochester PM Center is one 

of 5 in the country. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet Photometric Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Low Level CO API 300EU 

Method 593 

Non Dispersive 

Infrared 

Continuous 

NOy API 200EU 

Method 082 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

PM2 5 Low volume FRM R&P 

2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 in 6 

PM 2 5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM10 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 127 

Gravimetric 1 in 6 

PM10 - Metals Method 907 ICPMS 1 in 6 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 72 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2 5 Speciation Met One Super SASS 

Method 851 

RTI Laboratory 1 in 3 

PM2 5 Speciation Carbon URG 3000 Method 838 IMPROVE TOR 1 in 3 

Black Carbon Magee Scientific 

Aethalometer 

Method 866 

Optical Absorption Continuous 

Mercury Elemental 

Reactive Gas Mercury 

Particle Bound Mercury 

Tekran 2537B 

Tekran 1130 

Tekran 1135 

In situ cold vapor 

atomic fluorescence 

5 minute average 

2 hr avg every 3 hr 

2 hr avg every 3 hr 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 in 6 

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 in 6 

 

Polycyclic Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons (PAH) 

Tisch TE 5007 

Method 118 

GC/MS 

EPA/ERG Lab 

1 in 6 

Mercury Wet Deposition NCON Model 00-125-2 

automatic sampler 

Frontier Geosciences: 

cold vapor atomic 

fluorescence 

Weekly 

Wind Speed/direction Climatronics Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 Method 

011 

 Continuous 

Precipitation NAOH IV Continuous 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-120-

2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 73 of 207 

Rockland County

36-087-0005

Conklin Orchard 

South Mountain Rd. 

Pomona, NY 10970
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 74 of 207 

Rockland County

Address: Conklin Orchard 

 South Mountain Road 

 Pomona, NY 10970 

AQS Number: 36-087-0005 

DEC Number: 4353-02 

New York State County: Rockland 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: Lat: 41.18208 Lon: -74.02819 

The Rockland County site was originally established as a demonstration study requested by the 

Rockland County Department of Health. This is the third and permanent location for the 

Rockland County monitor. Data are reported to AIRNow for ozone and PM2.5. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 701 

Method 702 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

50oC 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 75 of 207 

Stillwater 

36-091-0004 

Saratoga National Historical Park 

Stillwater, NY 12170 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 76 of 207 

Stillwater

Address: Saratoga National Historical Park

 Stillwater, NY 12170 

AQS Number: 36-091-0004 

DEC Number: 4567-01 

County: Saratoga 

MSA: Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.01209 Lon: -74.64890 

This site was established in 1988 in rural eastern Saratoga County north of Albany, NY. It is 

located in a room adjacent to the library at the Saratoga National Historical Park. The site offers 

insight into transport up the main travel corridor in the region and along the Hudson River 

valley. The data gathered at this site is reported to AIRNow. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 77 of 207 

Tonawanda II 

 36-029-1014 

192 Brookside Terrace West 

Tonawanda, NY 14150 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 78 of 207 

Tonawanda II

Address: 192 Brookside Terrace West 

 Tonawanda, NY 14150 

AQS Number: 36-029-1014 

DEC Number: 1472-14 

County: Erie 

Statistical Area: Buffalo - Niagara Falls, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 42.99813 Lon: -78.89926 

The Tonawanda monitoring site was originally established in 1968 on the grounds of the Town 

of Tonawanda Sewage Treatment Plant as a source impact site for Sulfur Dioxide. In 2007 

the sulfur dioxide monitor was moved to this current location as part of the Tonawanda 

Community Air Quality Study. This site borders a residential neighborhood and the industrial 

complex, and is approximately 0.2 mile northeast of the original historic site. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

PM 2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 in 6 

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 in 6 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 79 of 207 

Utica 

36-065-2001 

406 Elizabeth Street 

Utica, NY 13501 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 80 of 207 

Utica

Address: Utica Health Department 

 406 Elizabeth Street 

 Utica, NY 13501 

AQS Number: 36-065-2001 

DEC Number: 3202-01 

County: Oneida 

Statistical Area: Utica- Rome, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.09892 Lon: -75.22506 

The Utica Health Department site was established in 1957 as a TSP site. The site monitored 

PM10 between 1991 and 1998. In 2003, a continuous PM2.5 was installed at the Utica site. The 

data collected is a part of the AIRNow report and is one of only eight continuous PM sites in 

upstate New York. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 81 of 207 

Valley Central High School 

36-071-5001 

1175 route 17K 

Montgomery, NY 10940 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 82 of 207 

Valley Central H.S.

Address: 1175 Route 17 K 

 Montgomery, NY 10940 

AQS Number: 36-071-5001 

DEC Number: 3527-01 

County: Orange 

MSA: Newburgh, NY-PA 

CMSA: New York-N New Jersey-Long Island, NY,NJ,CT,PA 

Coordinates: Lat: 41.52375 Lon: -74.21534 

This site was established in 1995 in suburban Newburgh in Montgomery, Orange County. It is a 

single parameter Ozone monitoring site. It is the only ozone monitor in Orange County and the 

data is reported to AIRNow. The public has shown great interest in the data generated in this area 

of the state. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 83 of 207 

Wallkill Lead Monitoring

 Wallkill Ballard Road Wallkill Wakefurn Food 

 36-071-3001 36-071-3002 

 

Scotchtown 

36-071-3004

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 84 of 207 

These sites are the only routine lead monitoring sites in upstate New York. They are located in 

the vicinity of RSR Corporation and were established as high priority SLAMS lead monitors. 

They are source oriented monitoring sites. The two sites on Ballard Road are upwind and the 

Scotchtown site is downwind of RSR. In August 2011 an additional low volume PM10 sampler 

was put in place for daily mass and lead analysis at the Wakefern site when measurements from 

the prior winter showed unusually high values for a couple of sample dates. 

Ball Corp.

Address: 95 Ballard Rd. 

 Middletown NY 10941 

AQS Number: 36-071-3001 

DEC Number: 3566-02 

County: Orange 

Statistical Area: Newburgh, NY-PA 

Coordinates: Lon: 41.46107 Lat: -74.36343 

Wakefern Food Corp.

Address: 260 Ballard Rd. 

 Middletown, New York 10941 

AQS Number: 36-071-3002 

DEC Number: 3566-09 

County: Orange 

Statistical Area: Newburgh, NY-PA 

Coordinates: Lon: 41.45869 Lat: -74.35404 

Scotchtown

Address: 27 Industrial Drive 

 Middletown, NY 10941 

AQS Number: 36-071-3004 

DEC Number: 3566-11 

County: Orange 

Statistical Area: Newburgh, NY-PA 

Coordinates: Lon: 41.46964 Lat: -74.37217 

 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Lead Hi-Vol TSP Method 803 Atomic Absorption 1 day in 6 

Low-Vol PM10 Method 811 XRF Daily 

PM10 Method 127 Gravimetric Daily 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 85 of 207 

Wanakena 

 36-089-0005 

New York State Ranger School 

257 Ranger School Road 

Wanakena, NY 13695 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 86 of 207 

Wanakena

Address: Ranger Station

New York State Ranger School 

 257 Ranger School Road 

 Wanakena, NY 13695 

AQS Number: 36-089-0005 

DEC Number: 4458-05 

County: St. Lawrence 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 44.14998 Lon: -74.89980 

This site is a stand-alone Acid Deposition Monitor in the Adirondack region. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 87 of 207 

Whiteface Lodge 

36-031-0003 

Whiteface Lodge 

University at Albany 

ASRC Field Station 

Wilmington, NY 12997 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 88 of 207 

Whiteface Lodge

Address: University at Albany 

 Atmospheric Science Research Center Field Station

Wilmington, NY 12997 

AQS Number: 36-031-0003 

DEC Number: 1567-04 

County: Essex 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 44.39308 Lon: -73.85890 

This site was established in 1974 at the Atmospheric Science Research Center field station at 

Whiteface Mountain. This site is run in cooperation with the ASRC at UAlbany. The site was 

used as the site of the 2002 summer intensive PM2.5 field study to provide detailed real time 

chemical and physical data for PM and its co-pollutants. Ozone and continuous PM2.5 readings 

are reported to AIRNow. 

 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 6 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Speciation Met One Super SASS RTI Laboratory 1 day in 6 

Sulfate TEI 5020i Pulsed Fluorescence Semi-continuous 

Carbon URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR 1 day in 6 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 day in 6 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 89 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 day in 6 

Relative Humidity Teledyne RH200 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature Teledyne RH200 

Method 040 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Teledyne BP300 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water Survey: 

IC, ICP-OES, FIA 

Weekly 

Gaseous SO2, HNO3; 

particulate SO4

2-, NO3-

,NH4

+

; elemental Ca, 

Na, Mg, Cl 

CASTNet filter pack NADP’s Central 

Analytical Laboratory 

Weekly 

Ammonia Radiello Diffusive 

Sampler 

NADP’s Central 

Analytical Laboratory 

Biweekly 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 90 of 207 

Whiteface Summit 

36-031-0002 

Whiteface Summit 

Wilmington, NY 12997 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 91 of 207 

Whiteface Summit

Address: Wilmington, NY 12997 

AQS Number: 36-031-0002 

DEC Number: 1567-03 

County: Essex 

Statistical Area: 

Coordinates: Lat: 44.36608 Lon: -73.90312 

This site was established in 1980 at the Atmospheric Science Research Center Lab at the Summit 

of Whiteface Mountain. It is a special purpose Ozone site run in cooperation with the ASRC at 

the University at Albany. Data from this site should not be used for NAAQS comparison as it is 

a high altitude research site. 

 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 92 of 207 

Williamson 

36-117-3001 

Wayne County Occupational Center 

4440 Ridge Road 

Williamson, NY 14589 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 93 of 207 

Williamson

Address: Wayne County Occupational Center 

 4440 Ridge Road 

 Williamson, NY 14589 

AQS Number: 36-117-3001 

DEC Number: 5863-01 

County: Wayne 

Statistical Area: Rochester, NY 

Coordinates: Lat: 43.23086 Lon: -77.17136 

This site was established in 1979 as a downwind Ozone site for the Rochester metropolitan area. 

Williamson is a seasonal ozone site, located in a storage building at the Wayne County 

Occupational Center. The site is located in a rural, mostly agricultural area and is an important 

location used to verify the attainment status of the Rochester region. 

 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 94 of 207 

3.2 Southern Monitoring Site Listings

Table 3.2 Location Listing for Southern Monitoring Sites 

DEC 

Region AIRS # DEC # Site Name County Location 

1 36-059-0005 2950-10 Eisenhower Park Nassau 740 Merrick Avenue 

1 36-103-0002 5150-02 Babylon Suffolk 72 Gaza Blvd - Water Authority 

1 36-103-0009 5150-10 Holtsville Suffolk 57 Division St. Sagamore Junior High 

1 36-103-0004 5155-01 Riverhead Suffolk 39 Sound Avenue 

2 36-005-0080 7094-05 Morrisania II Bronx Family Care Ctr, 1225-57 Gerard Ave 

2 36-005-0112 7094-08 IS 74 Bronx 730 Bryant Avenue 

2 36-005-0133 7094-10 Pfizer Lab (NYBG) Bronx 200th Street & Southern Boulevard 

2 36-005-0110 7094-07 IS 52 Bronx 681 Kelly Street, E 156th Street 

2 36-047-0052 7095-07 PS 314 Kings 330 59th Street 

2 36-047-0122 7095-43 JHS 126 Kings 424 Leonard Street 

2 36-047-0118 7095-98 PS 274 Kings 800 Bushwick Ave 

2 36-061-0079 7093-08 JHS 45 New York 2351 1st Avenue 

2 36-061-0115 7093-15 IS 143 New York 511 W 182nd Street 

2 36-061-0128 7093-21 PS 19 New York 185 1st Avenue 

2 36-061-0134 7093-24 Division Street New York Division Street 

2 36-061-0135 7093-25 CCNY New York 160 Convent Avenue 

2 36-081-0120 7096-13 Maspeth Library Queens 69-70 Grand Avenue 

2 36-081-0124 7096-15 Queens College II Queens NYSDEC Monitoring Building 

2 36-085-0067 7097-01 Susan Wagner Richmond 1200 Manor Road (near Brielle Ave) 

2 36-085-0055 7097-03 Port Richmond Richmond 364 Port Richmond Avenue 

2 36-085-0111 7097-17 Fresh Kills West Richmond 310 West Service Road 

3 36-119-2004 5902-04 White Plains Westchester Water District Pumping Station 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 95 of 207 

BABYLON

36-103-0002

Farmingdale Water District 

72 Gazza Blvd. 

Babylon, NY 11735
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 96 of 207 

Babylon

Address: Farmingdale Water District 

 72 Gazza Blvd. 

 Babylon, NY 11735 

AQS Number: 36-103-0002 

DEC Number: 5150-02 

New York State County: Suffolk 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.74529 N -73.41919 W 

The Babylon air monitoring station was originally established in the 1970's as a continuous 

sulfur dioxide and ozone site. Located on Long Island, downwind from New York City, the site 

continues to measures urban ozone levels in the New York City metropolitan area. 

In 1999 a Federal Reference Method fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler was added to the site. This 

PM2.5 monitor is part of the overall PM2.5 monitoring network used for comparison to the 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

The ozone data are reported to the AIRNow system. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 97 of 207 

CCNY 

36-061-0135

City College of New York 

The City University of New York 

Administration Building 

160 Convent Avenue 

New York, NY 10031 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 98 of 207 

CCNY

Address: City College of New York 

 Administration Building 

 160 Convent Avenue 

 New York, NY 10031 

AQS Number: 36-061-0135 

DEC Number: 7093-25 

New York State County: New York 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.81976 N -73.94825 W 

The City College of New York - CCNY air monitoring site was established during the summer 

of 2007. This site includes an ozone analyzer and a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler. 

Fine particulate monitoring utilizes a PM2.5 R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 

(TEOM). 

In addition to Department monitoring equipment the CCNY School of Engineering operate 

ambient air monitoring equipment in the same location. Data from this equipment are not 

reported or certified by the Department. 

Data from this site is reported to the AIRNow system. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet Photometric Continuous 

Carbon Monoxide TEI 48C 

Method 054 

Non Dispersive Infrared Continuous 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400a 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 99 of 207 

DIVISION STREET

36-061-0134

New York City Department of Education 

Public School 124 

40 Division Street 

New York, NY 10002
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 100 of 207 

Division Street

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Public School 124 

 40 Division Street 

 New York, NY 10002 

AQS Number: 36-061-0134 

DEC Number: 7093-24 

County: New York 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.71436 N -73.99518 W 

This site was established in September 2006. Initially the site contained a continuous fine 

particulate (PM2.5) Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). In March 2007, the 

FRM PM2.5, PM10 and MetOne Speciation samplers were added following the emergency shutdown of the Canal Street Post Office (36-061-0062). Reference EPA letter: Ruvo to Lavin 

dated: March 14, 2007. The URG 3000 Carbon sampler was added in May 2007. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis 

Method

Schedule

PM 2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

PM2.5 Speciation Met One SASS 

Method 811 

XRF 1 day in 3 

Carbon URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR 1 day in 3 

PM10 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 127 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

 

Proposed changes: reduce PM10 sampling frequency to 1 day in 6. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 101 of 207 

EISENHOWER PARK

36-059-0005

Nassau County Parks, Recreation and Museums 

Eisenhower Park 

740 Merrick Avenue 

Westbury, NY 11590
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 102 of 207 

Eisenhower Park

Address: Nassau County Park, Recreation and Museums 

 Eisenhower Park 

 740 Merrick Avenue 

 Westbury, NY 11590 

AQS Number: 36-059-0005 

DEC Number: 2950-10 

New York State County: Nassau 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.74316 N -73.58549 W 

The Eisenhower Park air monitoring station was originally established as a Nassau County 

Health Department air monitoring site. It was operated with support from the New York State 

Department of Environmental Conservation until 2000 when the Department took over complete 

control of the site. The continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) monitoring data from this site are 

reported to AirNow. 

NO2 monitoring was terminated at this site on March 31, 2011. Ultrafine Particle monitoring was 

discontinued in June 2010. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence Continuous 

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1405 

Method 790 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Meteorological Method 020 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Method 011 Continuous 

Temperature Method 040 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Method 011 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 103 of 207 

FRESH KILLS WEST

36-085-0111

310 West Service Road 

Fresh Kills Landfill 

Staten Island, NY 10314
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 104 of 207 

Fresh Kills West

Address: 310 West Service Road 

 Fresh Kills Landfill 

 Staten Island, NY 10314 

AQS Number: 36-085-0111 

DEC Number: 7097-17 

New York State County: Richmond 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.58027 N -74.19832 W 

The Fresh Kills West air monitoring station was established in July 1999 as part of an air quality 

study of the Fresh Kills Landfill and the start up of the methane gas flare at the landfill. 

Following the end of the Landfill study, the Fresh Kills West site became part of the 

Department’s core ambient air monitoring program. 

The continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) monitoring data from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5

R&P TEOM 1400a 

Method 701 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 in 6 days 

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 in 6 days 

Barometric Pressure Spectra 276 

Method 011 

 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 105 of 207 

HOLTSVILLE

36-103-0009

Sagamore Junior High School 

57 Division Street 

Holtsville, NY 11742
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 106 of 207 

Holtsville

Address: Sagamore Junior High School 

 57 Division Street 

 Holtsville, NY 11742 

AQS Number: 36-103-0009 

DEC Number: 5151-10 

New York State County: Suffolk 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.82799 N -73.05754 W 

The Holtsville air monitoring station was established by the Suffolk County Department of 

Health Services - Division of Environmental Quality in the late 1990s. The Department 

established an ozone analyzer at the site during the 2006 ozone season. In June of 2010 the 

Department took over control of the site, following personnel changes in the Suffolk County 

Department of Health Services. The Department expanded its monitoring by added sulfur 

dioxide and fine particulate matter. 

The parameters monitored and certified by NYS DEC are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

(During NYS O3 Season) 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence Continuous 

PM2.5 Thermo Scientific 

TEOM 1405 

Method 790 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Meteorological MetOne Sonic 

Method 020 

 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure MetOne 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Relative Humidity MetOne 

Method 011 

 Continuous 

Temperature MetOne 

Method 040 

 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 107 of 207 

IS 143

36-061-0115

New York City Department of Education 

Junior High School 143 

511 West 182nd Street 

New York, NY 10033
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 108 of 207 

IS 143

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Junior High School 143 

 511 West 182nd Street 

 New York, NY 10033 

AQS Number: 36-061-0115 

DEC Number: 7093-15 

County: New York 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.84888 N -73.93059 W 

The IS143 site was established in 2000 as a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) monitoring site. 

The site utilizes a R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). This site is located 

in an urbanized, residential area of Manhattan. Data from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 701 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 109 of 207 

IS 52

36-005-0110

New York City Department of Education 

Public School 52/Middle School 302 

681 Kelly Street 

Bronx, NY 10455
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 110 of 207 

IS 52

Address: New York City Department of Education 

Public School 52/Middle School 302 

681 Kelly Street 

Bronx, NY 10455 

AQS Number: 36-005-0110 

DEC Number: 7094-07 

County: Bronx 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.8162 N -73.9020 W 

This site was established in 1999 as a replacement site for Public School 155. Initially the site 

contained ozone, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, continuous PM2.5 and continuous PM10. 

Following an upgrade of the electricity, additional monitoring parameters were added, creating 

one of the premier particulate sampling sites in New York City. The site contains criteria 

pollutant parameters and methods along with many experimental methods. 

This site was temporarily shut down June 2010 until July 2012 due to extensive construction at 

the school. The monitoring for NATTS parameters was moved to Morrisania II during that 

period. This site is now back to full operation. 

The parameters normally monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Oxides of Nitrogen TEI 42C 

Method 074 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

PM2.5, PM10, PMcourse Thermo Scientific 

1405 DF FDMS 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

50oC 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Low volume FRM 

R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric Daily 

1 day in 3 

PM2.5 Speciation Ions 

and Elements 

Met One SASS 

Method 811 

IC,XRF 1 day in 3 

 

PM2.5 Speciation 

Carbon 

URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR 1 day in 3 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 111 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM10 Low volume FRM

R&P 2025 

Method 127 

Gravimetric 1 day in 6a

PM10 - Metals Method 907 ICPMS 1 day in 6a

Sulfate Thermo Scientific 

5020i Sulfate 

Particulate 

Pulsed Florescence Continuous 

Black Carbon Magee Scientific 

Aethalometer 

Method 866 

Optical Absorption Continuous 

Elemental Carbon/ 

Organic Carbon 

Sunset Laboratory 

Method 5040 

Thermal Optical Semi-Continuous 

Polycyclic Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons-PAH 

Tisch TE 5007 

Method 118 

GC/MS 

EPA/ERG Lab 

1 day in 6 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 day in 6 a

Carbonyl DNPH tube 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 day in 6 

Wind Speed/direction Climatronics Method 

020 

Sonic Continuous 

a Collocated unit
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 112 of 207 

IS 74

36-005-0112

New York City Department of Education 

Intermediate School 74 (MS 201) 

730 Bryant Avenue 

Bronx, NY 10474
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 113 of 207 

IS 74

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Intermediate School 74 (MS 201) 

 730 Bryant Avenue 

 Bronx, NY 10474 

AQS Number: 36-005-0112 

DEC Number: 7094-08 

County: Bronx 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.81551 N -73.88553 W 

The Intermediate School 74 site was established in 2000 as a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) 

monitoring station. The site utilizes a R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). 

This site is located in an urbanized, residential area of the Hunts Point area of the Bronx. Data 

from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 114 of 207 

JHS 126

36-047-0122

New York City Department of Education 

Junior High School 126 

424 Leonard Street 

Brooklyn, NY 11222

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 115 of 207 

JHS 126

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 424 Leonard Street 

 Junior High School 126 

 Brooklyn, NY 11222 

AQS Number: 36-047-0122 

DEC Number: 7095-43 

New York State County: Kings 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.71961 N -73.94771 W 

The JHS 126 air monitoring station was established in 2000 as a Hi-Volume PM10 and Lead 

monitoring site. In January, 2001, a Federal Reference Method fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler 

was added. This PM2.5 sampler is part of the overall PM2.5 monitoring network used for 

comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. PM10 sampling was discontinued 

December 2005. TSP-lead sampling was terminated at the end of 2009. The necessary 

monitoring is conducted at IS 52 in the Bronx. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 116 of 207 

JHS 45

36-061-0079

New York City Department of Education 

Junior High School 45 

2351 First Avenue 

New York, NY 10035
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 117 of 207 

JHS 45

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Junior High School 45 

 2351 First Avenue 

 New York, NY 10035 

AQS Number: 36-061-0079 

DEC Number: 7093-08 

New York State County: New York 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.79970 N -73.93432 W 

The JHS 45 air monitoring station was originally established in 1981 as a sulfur dioxide, fine and 

coarse particulate (dichotomous samplers) and Total Suspended Particulate site. The site was 

shut down in 1985 and then reestablished as a Federal Reference Method fine particulate (PM2.5) 

monitoring site in January 2000. A duplicate PM2.5 sampler was installed in January 2006 after 

being removed from the PS 59 station to continue to provide accuracy data for the PM2.5

network. The FRM PM2.5 samplers at JHS 45 are part of the overall PM2.5 monitoring network 

used for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.51 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

1

 Collocated samplers
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 118 of 207 

MASPETH LIBRARY

36-081-0120

Queens Public Library - Maspeth 

69-70 Grand Avenue 

Maspeth, NY 11378
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 119 of 207 

Maspeth Library

Address: Queens Public Library - Maspeth 

 69-70 Grand Avenue 

 Maspeth, NY 11378 

AQS Number: 36-081-0120 

DEC Number: 7096-13 

County: Queens 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.72698 N -73.89313 W 

The Maspeth Library was established as a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) monitoring site in 

2000. The site utilizes a R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). This site is 

located in an urbanized, residential area in the vicinity of two major New York City roadways, 

the Long Island Expressway and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. The continuous fine 

particulate (PM2.5) monitoring data from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 120 of 207 

MORRISANIA II

36-005-0080

Morrisania Diagnostic and Treatment Center 

1225-57 Gerard Avenue 

Bronx, NY 10452
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 121 of 207 

Morrisania II

Address: Morrisania Diagnostic and Treatment Center 

 1225-57 Gerard Avenue 

 Bronx, NY 10452 

AQS Number: 36-005-0080 

DEC Number: 7094-05 

New York State County: Bronx 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.83606 N -7N -73.92009 W 

The Morrisania II air monitoring station was originally established in 1989 as a Hi-Volume PM10

site. In 1990 ozone, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen analyzers were added. PM10 was 

subsequently discontinued. A Federal Reference Method fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler was 

added in 1999. In May of 2000 all continuous analyzers were discontinued and the site became a 

stand-alone PM2.5 site. The FRM PM2.5 sampler at Morrisania II is part of the overall PM2.5

monitoring network used for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

Following the construction at school where the IS 52 monitoring station is located, equipment for 

the National Air Toxics Trends Station (NATTS) program was moved to Morrisania II. This 

equipment was returned to the IS 52 site in July 2012. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2 5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 701 

Method 702

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

50oC

Continuous

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 122 of 207 

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory

36-005-0133

200th Street and Southern Blvd. 

Bronx, NY 10458-5126

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 123 of 207 

Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory

Address: 200th Street and Southern Blvd. 

 Bronx, NY 10458-5126 

AQS Number: 36-005-0080 

DEC Number: 36-005-0133 

New York State County: Bronx 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.86790 N -73.87809 W 

This site was established in the Harding Laboratory at the New York Botanical Garden in 

January 1995. This site was originally established for the Photochemical Assessment 

Monitoring Station (PAMS) program with some summa canister sampling beginning in June 

1994. During the summer of 2006, the New York Botanical Garden completed construction on 

the Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory. This is a state of the art laboratory and research facility 

that replaced the Harding laboratory. Through an agreement with the Department, NYBG 

provided space in the new facility for the Department’s ambient air monitoring station. 

Starting with the 2006 PAMS season the continuous GC was moved to the new monitoring site 

at the Pfizer Lab. The ozone, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane/nonmethane, canisters, and carbonyl samplers were moved to the Pfizer Lab the end of December 

2006. The FRM PM2.5 sampler was moved to the Pfizer Laboratory on January 1, 2008. The 

FRM fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler installed at the Pfizer Laboratory is part of the overall 

PM2.5 monitoring network used for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

On January 9, 2008 the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) Automatic Precipitation Sampler 

and the ETI Instrument Systems NOAH IV Total Precipitation Measurement System was 

installed as part of establishing a MDN site at Pfizer Laboratory. The Tekran Elemental and 

Reactive Gas Mercury equipment was installed in August, 2008. 

This site is being utilized for the New York City Community Air Survey as part of the PlaNYC 

initiative. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 124 of 207 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following tables: 

Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Sulfur Dioxide TEI 43C 

Method 060 

Pulsed Fluorescence

 

Continuous 

Low Level SO2 TEI 43i TLE 

Method 560 

Pulsed Fluorescence Continuous 

Oxides of Nitrogen 

(NO, NO2, NOx) 

TEI 42C 

Method 074 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

Carbon Monoxide TEI 48C 

Method 054 

Non Dispersive 

Infrared 

Continuous 

PM2.5 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

PAMS precursor Method 128 GC/FID Continuous 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 day in 6 

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 day in 6 

Daily (PAMS) 

Mercury Elemental 

Reactive Gas 

Mercury 

Particle Bound 

Mercury 

Tekran 2537B 

Tekran 1130 

Tekran 1135 

In situ cold vapor 

atomic fluorescence 

5 minute average 

2 hr avg every 3 hr 

2 hr avg every 3 hr 

Mercury Wet 

Deposition 

N-CON Systems 

MDN 00-125-2 

Automatic Sampler, 

NOAH IV Total 

Precipitation 

Measurement System 

Frontier Geosciences: 

cold vapor atomic 

fluorescence 

Weekly collection 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 125 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Acid Deposition NCON Bucket Style 

Collector Model 00-

120-2 

Central Analytical 

Laboratory at the 

Illinois Water 

Survey: IC, ICPOES, FIA 

Weekly collection 

Wind Speed/direction Method 020 --- Continuous 

Relative Humidity Method 011 --- Continuous 

Temperature Method 040 --- Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Method 011 --- Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 126 of 207 

PORT RICHMOND

36-085-0055

United States Post Office - Port Richmond Station 

364 Port Richmond Avenue 

Staten Island, NY 10302
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 127 of 207 

Port Richmond

Address: United States Post Office - Port Richmond Station 

 364 Port Richmond Avenue 

 Staten Island, NY 10302 

AQS Number: 36-085-0055 

DEC Number: 7097-03 

New York State County: Richmond 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.63307 N -74.13719 W 

The Port Richmond air monitoring station was originally established as a Hi-Volume PM10 site 

in 1984. In December 1999, a Federal Reference Method fine particulate (PM2.5) sampler was 

installed. This FRM PM2.5 sampler is part of the overall PM2.5 monitoring network used for 

comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In April 2011 a TEOM was added to 

this site following the shutdown of the PS 44 monitoring station. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 701 

Method 702 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

50oC 

Continuous 

Low volume FRM R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 128 of 207 

PS 19

36-061-0128

New York City Department of Education 

Public School 19 

185 First Avenue 

New York, NY 10003
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 129 of 207 

PS 19

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Public School 19 

 185 First Avenue 

 New York, NY 10003 

AQS Number: 36-061-0128 

DEC Number: 7093-21 

New York State County: New York 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.73000 N -73.98446 W 

The PS 19 air monitoring station was established as a Federal Reference Method fine particulate 

(PM2.5) monitoring site in October 2001. The FRM PM2.5 samplerat PS 19 is part of the overall 

PM2.5 monitoring network used for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

The continuous PM2.5 TEOM was added in June, 2007. 

Following the shutdown of PS59, the low volume PM10 R&P 2025 instrument was added to this 

site, however electrical power problems have delayed the start up of this sampler. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 Low volume FRM R&P 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric 1 day in 3 

R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 130 of 207 

PS 274

36-047-0118

New York City Department of Education 

Public School 274 

800 Bushwick Avenue 

Brooklyn, NY 11221
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 131 of 207 

PS 274

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Public School 274 

 800 Bushwick Avenue 

 Brooklyn, NY 11221 

AQS Number: 36-047-0118 

DEC Number: 7095-98 

County: Brooklyn 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.69454 N -73.92769 W 

The Public School 274 site was established in 2000 as a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) 

monitoring station. The site utilizes a R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). 

This site is located in an urbanized, residential/industrial area of Brooklyn. The continuous fine 

particulate (PM2.5) monitoring data from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 701 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 in 6 days 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 132 of 207 

PS 314

36-047-0052

New York City Department of Education 

Public School 314 

330 59th Street 

Brooklyn, NY 11220
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 133 of 207 

PS 314

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Public School 314 

 330 59th Street 

 Brooklyn, NY 11220 

AQS Number: 36-047-0052 

DEC Number: 7095-07 

County: Brooklyn 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.64182 N -74.01871 W 

The Public School 314 site was first established in 1982 as a Hi-Volume inhalable particulate 

(PM10) station. In 2003 the site became a continuous fine particulate (PM2.5) monitoring site with 

the installation of a R&P Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). This site is 

located in an urbanized, residential/industrial area in the vicinity of the Gowanus Expressway. 

Data from this site are reported to AIRNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

PM2.5 R&P TEOM 1400 

Method 702 

TEOM 50oC 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 134 of 207 

QUEENS COLLEGE II 

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATION

Queens College II

36-081-0124

CUNY - Queens College Campus 

65-30 Kissena Blvd. 

Flushing, NY 11367

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 135 of 207 

Queens College II 

Address: NYS DEC Air Monitoring Building 

 CUNY - Queens College Campus 

 65-30 Kissena Blvd. 

 Flushing, NY 11367 

AQS Number: 36-081-0124 

DEC Number: 7096-15 

County: Brooklyn 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.73614 N -73.82153 W 

The Department originally began monitoring at Queens College for ozone and sulfur dioxide in 

1978. This continued until 1997 when the monitoring equipment was removed from Queens 

College during a major building renovation project on the campus. The AQS number for the 

original Queens College site was 36-081-0004. The Queens College II site was originally 

established during the summer of 2001 for an intensive air pollution study that was coordinated 

with the State University of New York - University of Albany - Atmospheric Sciences Research 

Center. In September 2006 the site was redesigned and expanded in a newly constructed 

building on the Queens College campus. In the future, this site will be one of three NCore sites 

in New York State. 

The FRM fine particulate (PM2.5) monitor located at Queens College is part of the overall PM2.5

monitoring network used for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This is 

monitoring location is in a highly populated residential area. The site is in close proximity to 

sensitive groups, primarily young children, at Public School 219. Photochemical Assessment 

Monitoring Station program sampling began in 2001, however, continuous monitoring with Gas 

Chromatography for PAMS is not done at this site, as it is conducted at the Pfizer Lab station in 

the Bronx. 

This site is being utilized for the New York City Community Air Survey as part of the PlaNYC 

initiative. 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet Photometric Continuous 

Low Level SO2 TEI 43i TLE 

Method 560 

Pulsed Fluorescence Continuous 

Oxides of Nitrogen 

(NO, NO2, NOx) 

TEI 42C 

Method 074 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 136 of 207 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

NOy API 200EU 

Method 082 

Chemiluminescence Continuous 

Low Level CO API 300EU 

Method 593 

Non Dispersive Infrared Continuous 

PM2.5 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 118 

Gravimetric Daily 

PM2.5 Speciation Ions 

and Elements 

MetOne SASS 

Method 811 

IC, XRF 1 day in 3 

PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10 Thermo Scientific 1405 

DF FDMS 

Method 790 

TEOM 30°C 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

PM10 R&P Partisol 2025 

Method 127 

Gravimetric Daily 

Carbon URG 3000 

Method 838 

IMPROVE TOR 1 day in 3 

Sunset Laboratory 

Method 5040 

Thermal Optical Semi-continuous 

Sulfate TEI 5020i Pulsed Fluorescence Semi-continuous 

Toxics Canister 

Method 150 

GC/MS 1 day in 6 

Carbonyl DNPH Cartridge 

Method 202 

HPLC - Ultraviolet 

Absorption 

1 day in 6 

Wind Speed/direction Method 020 --- Continuous 

Temperature Method 040 --- Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Method 011 --- Continuous 

Relative Humidity Method 011 --- Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 137 of 207 

RIVERHEAD

36-103-0004

Cornell University 

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences 

Long Island Horticultural Research Center 

3059 Sound Avenue 

Riverhead, NY 11901
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 138 of 207 

Riverhead

Address: Cornell University 

 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences 

 Long Island Horticultural Research Center 

 3059 Sound Avenue 

 Riverhead, NY 11901 

AQS Number: 36-103-0004 

DEC Number: 5155-01 

New York State County: Suffolk 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.96078 N -72.71238 W 

The Riverhead air monitoring station was established in 1992 as a seasonal ozone site. It is 

utilized as a regional ozone site, given its downwind proximity to New York City. The ozone 

data are reported to the AIRNow system. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous (during the NYS 

Ozone Season) 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 139 of 207 

SUSAN WAGNER

36-085-0067

New York City Department of Education 

Susan E. Wagner High School 

1200 Manor Avenue 

Staten Island, NY 10314
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 140 of 207 

Susan Wagner

Address: New York City Department of Education 

 Susan E. Wagner High School 

 1200 Manor Avenue 

 Staten Island, NY 10314 

AQS Number: 36-085-0067 

DEC Number: 7097-01 

New York State County: Richmond 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 40.59664 N -74.12525 W 

The Susan Wagner ambient air monitoring station was established in the 1970's. This site is one 

of the long term ozone trends sites in New York City. The site is a year-round ozone site. The 

ozone data from this site are reported to AirNow. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

Meteorological Method 020 Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Method 011 Continuous 

Relative Humidity Method 011 Continuous 

Temperature Method 040 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 141 of 207 

WHITE PLAINS

36-119-2004 

White Plains Water Pump Station Garage 

240 Orchard Street 

White Plains, NY 10601
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 142 of 207 

White Plains

Address: White Plains Water Pump Station Garage 

 240 Orchard Street 

 White Plains, NY 10601 

AQS Number: 36-119-2004 

DEC Number: 5902-04 

New York State County: Westchester 

Statistical Area: New York City Metropolitan Area 

Coordinates: 41.05192 N -73.76366 W 

The White Plains ambient air monitoring station was originally established in the 1970's. The 

ozone data are reported to the AirNow system. 

The parameters monitored are indicated in the following table: 

Parameter Sampling Method Analysis Method Schedule 

Ozone TEI 49C 

Method 047 

Ultraviolet 

Photometric 

Continuous 

PM2.5 Thermo Scientific TEOM 

1405 

Method 079 

TEOM 

Gravimetric 

Continuous 

Meteorological Method 020 Continuous 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 143 of 207 

4. Criteria Contaminants

EPA is required to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for wide-spread 

pollutants from numerous and diverse sources considered harmful to public health and the 

environment. The Clean Air Act established two types of national air quality standards. Primary 

standards set limits to protect public health, including the health of "sensitive" populations such 

as asthmatics, children, and the elderly. Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, 

including protection against visibility impairment, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and 

buildings. The Clean Air Act requires periodic review of the science upon which the standards 

are based and the standards themselves. Listed below are the NAAQS for six principal 

pollutants, which are called "criteria" pollutants. 

Table 4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant 

Primary Standards Secondary Standards 

Level Averaging Times Level Averaging Times 

Carbon Monoxide 9 ppm (10 mg/m3

) 8-hour(1)

None 

35 ppm (40 mg/m3) 1-hour(1)

Lead 0.15μg/m3(2) Rolling 3-month Average Same as Primary 

Nitrogen Dioxide 53 ppb Annual (Arithmetic Mean) Same as Primary 

100 ppb 1-hour(3) None 

Particulate Matter 

(PM10) 

150μg/m3

 24-hour(4)

Same as Primary 

Particulate Matter 

(PM2.5) 

12.0μg/m3

 Annual(5) (Arith. Mean) Same as Primary 

35μg/m3 24-hour(6) Same as Primary 

Ozone 0.075 ppm (2008 std) 8-hour(7) Same as Primary 

0.08 ppm (1997 std) 8-hour(8) Same as Primary 

0.12 ppm 1-hour(9)

Not applicable in NYS Same as Primary 

Sulfur Oxides 75 ppb 1-hour(10) 3-hour(1) 0.5 ppm (1300μg/m3

) 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 144 of 207 

(1) Not to be exceeded more than once per year.

 

(2) Effective 1/12/2009, replaces the previous quarterly average value of 1.5μg/m3

. 

(3) To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the daily maximum 

1-hour average at each monitor within an area must not exceed 100 ppb (effective 

January 22, 2010). 

(4) Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years. 

(5)

 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5

concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 

12.0μg/m3

. Effective March 18, 2013. 

(6)

 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour 

concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 

35μg/m3(effective December 17, 2006). 

(7)

 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour 

average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year 

must not exceed 0.075 ppm (effective May 27, 2008). 

(8)

 (a) To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-

hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each 

year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. 

 (b) The 1997 standard—and the implementation rules for that standard—will remain in 

place for implementation purposes as EPA undertakes rulemaking to address the 

transition from the 1997 ozone standard to the 2008 ozone standard.

 (c) EPA is in the process of reconsidering these standards (set in March 2008). 

(9)

 (a) The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with 

maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is < 1. 

 (b) As of June 15, 2005 EPA revoked the 1-hour ozone standard in all areas except the 

8-hour ozone nonattainment Early Action Compact (EAC) Areas. 

(10) Effective August 23, 2010. To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 99th 

 percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average at each monitor within an area must not 

 exceed 75 ppb.
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 145 of 207 

4.1 Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, is produced as a primary pollutant during the 

combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. Vegetation also can emit CO directly into the 

atmosphere as a metabolic by-product. Sources such as motor vehicles, non-road combustion 

engines or vehicles, and biomass burning can cause high concentrations of CO in the outdoor 

environment. Indoor sources include unvented, malfunctioning, or misused combustion 

appliances, combustion engines in garages or basements, and tobacco combustion. In both of 

these environments, CO is of direct concern because of the health effects that can result from 

human exposure to these high concentrations. 

CO enters the bloodstream through the lungs and reduces oxygen delivery to the body’s organs 

and tissues. The health threat from levels of CO sometimes found in the ambient air is most 

serious for those who suffer from cardiovascular disease such as angina pectoris. At much higher 

levels of exposure not commonly found in ambient air, CO can be poisonous, and even healthy 

individuals may be affected. Visual impairment, reduced work capacity, reduced manual 

dexterity, poor learning ability, and difficulty in performing complex tasks are all associated with 

exposure to elevated CO levels. 

There are two primary NAAQS for ambient CO: a 1-hour average of 35 ppm and an 8-hour 

average of 9 ppm. These concentrations are not to be exceeded more than once per year. There 

currently are no secondary standards for CO. 

Motor vehicle exhaust contributes about 60 percent of all CO emissions nationwide. High 

concentrations of CO generally occur in areas with heavy traffic congestion. Other sources of 

CO emissions include industrial processes, non-transportation fuel combustion, and natural 

sources such as wildfires. Peak CO concentrations typically occur during the colder months of 

the year when CO automotive emissions are greater and nighttime inversion conditions are more 

frequent. 

Technological advancements in pollution control have brought about a downward trend for 

ambient CO concentrations over the past few decades. According to EPA estimates, annual CO 

emissions decreased from 197.3 million tons in 1970 to 89 million tons in 2005 nationally. 

The number of monitors and concentration trends chart over the years in New York State are 

depicted in Figure 4.1. It clearly demonstrates that the current ambient levels of CO are well 

below the NAAQS, in spite of the continual increase in automobiles and vehicle-miles traveled 

in the State. As of 2002, all counties in the State have achieved attainment designation. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 146 of 207 

Figure 4.1 Carbon Monoxide Monitors and Concentration Trends 

NYSDEC uses TEI Model 48C instruments that employ the NDIR gas filter correlation method 

for the continuous measurement of CO. Currently there are seven CO monitors in operation 

statewide as shown in Figure 4.2. 

Near-Road Monitoring 

The EPA updated the monitoring regulations for CO in August, 2011. The regulation added a 

requirement to perform CO monitoring at one location on a busy roadway in each city (CBSA) 

with a population over 1 million. The near-road CO monitor is expected to be collocated with 

the near-road monitor established for monitoring NO2. A CO monitor is required to be 

operational at a near-road site in CBSAs over 2.5 million by January 1, 2015 and in the CBSAs 

over 1 million by January 1, 2017. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 147 of 207 

Figure 4.2 Location Map for Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Sites 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 148 of 207 

4.2 Nitrogen Dioxide

Many chemical species of nitrogen oxides (NOx) exist, but the air pollutant species of most 

interest from the point of view of human health is nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nitrogen dioxide is 

soluble in water, reddish-brown in color, and a strong oxidant. 

Nitrogen dioxide is an important atmospheric trace gas, not only because of its health effects but 

also because (a) it absorbs visible solar radiation and contributes to impaired atmospheric 

visibility; (b) as an absorber of visible radiation it could have a potential direct role in global 

climate change if its concentrations were to become high enough; (c) it is, along with nitric oxide 

(NO), a chief regulator of the oxidizing capacity of the free troposphere by controlling the buildup and fate of radical species, including hydroxyl radicals; and (d) it plays a critical role in 

determining ozone (O3) concentrations in the troposphere because the photolysis of nitrogen 

dioxide is the only key initiator of the photochemical formation of ozone, whether in polluted or 

unpolluted atmospheres. 

Natural sources include intrusion of stratospheric nitrogen oxides, bacterial and volcanic action, 

and lightning. The major source of anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides into the 

atmosphere is the combustion of fossil fuels in stationary sources (heating, power generation) 

and in motor vehicles (internal combustion engines). 

In most ambient situations, nitric oxide is emitted and transformed into nitrogen dioxide in the 

atmosphere. Oxidation of nitric oxide by atmospheric oxidants such as ozone occurs rapidly, 

even at the low levels of reactants present in the atmosphere. Consequently, this reaction is 

regarded as the most important route for nitrogen dioxide production in the atmosphere. 

Other contributions of nitrogen dioxide to the atmosphere come from specific non-combustion 

industrial processes, such as the manufacture of nitric acid, the use of explosives and welding. 

Indoor sources include tobacco smoking and the use of gas-fired appliances and oil stoves. 

Nitrogen dioxide is the most widespread and commonly found nitrogen oxide and is a matter of 

public health concern. The most troubling health effects associated with short term exposures 

(i.e., less than 3 hours) to NOx at or near the ambient NOx concentrations seen in the United 

States include cough and increased changes in airway responsiveness and pulmonary function in 

individuals with preexisting respiratory illnesses, as well as increases in respiratory illnesses in 

children 5 to 12 years old. Evidence suggests that long-term exposures to NOx may lead to 

increased susceptibility to respiratory infection and may cause structural alterations in the lungs. 

Atmospheric transformation of NOx can lead to the formation of ozone and nitrogen-bearing 

particles (e.g., nitrates and nitric acid). As discussed in the ozone and particulate matter sections 

of this document, exposure to both PM and O3 is associated with adverse health effects. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 149 of 207 

Nitrogen oxides contribute to a wide range of effects on public welfare and the environment, 

including global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. Deposition of nitrogen can lead to 

fertilization, eutrophication, or acidification of terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic (e.g., fresh water 

bodies, estuaries, and coastal water) systems. These effects can alter competition between 

existing species, leading to changes in the number and type of species (composition) within a 

community. For example, eutrophic conditions in aquatic systems can produce explosive algae 

growth leading to a depletion of oxygen in the water and/or an increase in levels of toxins 

harmful to fish and other aquatic life. 

The level for both the primary and secondary NAAQS for NO2 is 0.053 ppm annual arithmetic 

average (mean), not to be exceeded. In January, 2013, the EPA revised the NAAQS to include 

an hourly standard of 0.100 ppm. Figure 4.3 shows the number of monitoring sites and NO2

concentration trends over the years. The current ambient levels of NO2 observed in New York 

State are well below the NAAQS. 

Figure 4.3 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitors and Concentration Trends 

In New York, the TEI Model 42C instruments are deployed for continuous NO2 measurements 

using the gas phase chemiluminescence method. Currently there are four NOx monitoring sites 

statewide, and NO/NOy monitors in Rochester, Pinnacle, and Queens College (both NO2 and 

NOy) as shown in Figure 4.4. NO/NOy measurements are included within the NCore multipollutant site requirements and the PAMS program. These NO/NOy measurements will produce 

conservative estimates for NO2 that can be used to ensure tracking continued compliance with 

the NO2 NAAQS. NO/NOy monitors are used at these sites because it is important to collect data 

on total reactive nitrogen species for understanding O3 photochemistry. Starting in 2012, we 

discontinued using the (NO/NOy) values as NO2 from these three sites for statewide annual 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 150 of 207 

average calculations. The uptick in the trend line is a result of excluding the low concentration 

sites Pinnacle and Rochester, and not an indication of a statewide increase. 

The EPA considered setting a secondary standard for NOx and SOx that would specifically target 

the impact of acidic deposition on wilderness areas. The EPA ultimately decided that there was 

not enough information at this time to tie specific water quality thresholds with ambient air 

concentrations. In the July 2011 final rule for NOx and SOx, the EPA stated that they would set 

up a monitoring program in sensitive areas to collect information to link water quality impacts to 

ambient air quality measurements. The NYSDEC is participating in this pilot monitoring 

program in the Adirondacks. Additional monitoring equipment has been installed at several sites 

to determine the concentrations of gasses and particles including ammonia. These data will be 

used in the future to inform the next review of the NOx/SOx standard. Although ambient NO2

levels are not expected to contravene the NAAQS, monitoring is necessary due to NO2 being an 

ozone precursor, and the need to track the effectiveness of emission reduction programs. 

Figure 4.4 Location Map for Nitrogen Oxides Monitoring Sites

 Near-road NO2 Monitoring 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 151 of 207 

Under the new NOx rule that became effective January, 2010, each MSA with population larger 

than 500,000 will be required to operate a near-road monitor beginning in 2013. An additional 

monitor was required in CBSAs larger than 2.5 million or if the city contained a road segment 

with annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts exceeding 250,000 vehicles. The regulation 

retained the existing annual standard. The EPA was not able to provide funds to implement the 

new monitoring program in 2011 and 2012 and decided to change the implementation dates in 

the NO2 monitoring regulation. 

In March 2013, EPA issued a final rule to revise the deadlines by which the near-road monitors 

within the NO2 monitoring network are to be operational. States and local agencies were 

required to begin operating the near-road component of the NO2 network in phases between 

January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2017. This replaced the 2010 rule requirement that originally 

required all new NO2 monitors to begin operating on January 1, 2013. New York is working 

closely with EPA Region 2 to implement this rule. A near-road site has been established in 

Buffalo and data collection is underway. Potential monitoring locations have been identified in 

New York City and in Rochester and these sites should be operational later in 2014. 

The near-road NO2 monitors are being established with the following considerations. The road 

segment must have high annual average daily traffic (AADT), it must be accessible, be located 

away from obstructions, and be located on the downwind side of the roadway if possible. New 

York State will need to establish such a site in each of the following areas: Albany-SchenectadyTroy, Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, Nassau-Suffolk, New YorkWhite Plains, Rochester and Syracuse. 

The following table provides a list of the CBSAs in New York required to have a near-road NO2

monitor: 

 Table 4.2 CBSAs in NYS Required to have Near-Road NO2 Monitors 

Name of CBSA Population 

(2010 Census) 

Highest AADT 

(NYSDOT 2011) 

Required 

Monitor 

Date for 

Implementation 

Albany-Schenectady-Troy 853,919 119,500 1 Jan 2017 

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls 1,124,309 129,600 1 Jan 2014 

New York-New Jersey-PA 19,006,798 280,700 2 Jan 2014, 2015 

Poughkeepsie –NewburghMiddletown 672,525 67,800 1 Jan 2017 

Rochester 1,034,090 134,100 1 Jan 2014 

Syracuse 643,794 114,100 1 Jan 2017 

The primary objective of the near-road NO2 network is to monitor where peak, ambient NO2

concentrations are expected to occur as a result of on-road mobile source emissions. In the past, 

these locations would be considered to be Micro-scale locations. The EPA has since stated that 

the area alongside a major road is similar to the areas alongside the entire road segment and this 

area should be considered to be Middle–scale because one location is representative of a larger 

“line source” shaped area. The sites will also represent the worst case for population exposure 

for each CBSA since the sites are at locations where NO2 concentrations are expected to be high 

for one or more hours at a time. We have requested the New York State Department of 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 152 of 207 

Transportation to provide the updated Fleet Equivalent AADT statistics for the three near-road 

sites. The site characteristics of the Queens and Rochester sites will be detailed in an addendum 

to this plan later this year. 

Table 4.3 Buffalo Near-Road Site Characteristics 

Buffalo Site Segment Parameters Buffalo Near-road NO2 site 

Location I90 Mile Post 424.6 East Bound Side 

Road segment name I90 between Exit 51 and Exit 52 

Road type (controlled access highway, 

limited access freeway, arterial, etc) 

Controlled Access highway 

Road segment end points (latitude & 

longitude) 

42.928689 -78.766331 

42.913499 -78.766494 

AADT 131,019 (http://gis.dot.ny.gov/tdv/) 

Horizontal spacing 20m from Traffic Lane 

Vertical spacing Terrain flat, inlets at approx 4 m 

Meteorology I90 in this segment runs N/S and monitor is 

installed on the east shoulder (downwind) 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 153 of 207 

4.3 Lead

Elemental lead (Pb) possesses an array of useful physical and chemical properties, making it 

among the first metals to be extracted and used by humankind. It has a relatively low melting 

point (327.5 ̊C), is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal, a poor electrical conductor, and is easily 

cast, rolled and extruded. Although sensitive to environmental acids, after exposure to 

environmental sulfuric acid (H2SO4), metallic Pb becomes impervious to corrosion due to 

weathering and submersion in water. This effect is due to the fact that Pb lead sulfate (PbSO4), 

the relatively insoluble precipitate produced by reaction of Pb with H2SO4, forms a protective 

barrier against further chemical reactions. This aspect of its chemistry made Pb especially 

convenient for protective surface coatings (e.g. paint), roofing, containment of corrosive liquids, 

and (until the discovery of its adverse health effects), construction of water supply systems. 

Pb will only exist in the vapor phase at or above 1750°C. Therefore, at ambient atmospheric 

temperatures, elemental Pb will deposit to surfaces or exist in the atmosphere as a component of 

atmospheric aerosol. 

Exposure to lead occurs through ingestion of lead in food, water, soil, or dust and through 

inhalation. It accumulates in the blood, bones, and soft tissues. Lead can also adversely affect the 

kidneys, liver, nervous system, and other organs. Excessive exposure to lead may cause 

neurological impairments such as seizures, mental retardation, and/or behavioral disorders. Even 

at low doses, Pb exposure is associated with changes in fundamental enzymatic, energy transfer, 

and homeostatic mechanisms in the human body. Additionally, even low levels of Pb exposure 

may cause central nervous system damage in fetuses and children. Recent studies show that 

neurobehavioral changes may result from Pb exposure during the child’s first years of life and 

that lead may be a factor in high blood pressure and subsequent heart disease. 

Airborne lead can also have adverse impacts on the environment. Wild and domestic grazing 

animals may ingest lead that has deposited on plant or soil surfaces or that has been absorbed by 

plants through leaves or roots. Animals, however, do not appear to be more susceptible or more 

sensitive to adverse effects from lead than are humans. Therefore, the secondary standard for 

lead is identical to the primary standard. 

In November of 2008 EPA published the final rule for the revision of the NAAQS for lead. The 

primary lead standard was revised to 0.15μg/m3

 in total suspended particles (Pb-TSP). The 

averaging time was changed to a rolling 3-month period with a maximum (not-to-be-exceeded) 

form, evaluated over a 3-year period. The revised secondary standard was set to be identical in 

all respects to the new primary standard. These new standards became effective on January 12, 

2009, superseding the old standard of quarterly average concentration not to exceed 1.5μg/m3. 

As part of the lead monitoring requirements, monitoring agencies are required to monitor 

ambient air near lead sources which are expected to or have been shown to have a potential to 

contribute to a 3-month average lead concentration in ambient air in excess of the level of the 

NAAQS. At a minimum, monitoring agencies must monitor near lead sources that emit 1.0 ton 

per year (tpy) or more. Monitoring is also required in each CBSA with a population equal to or 

greater than 500,000 people as determined by the latest available census figures. Revisions to 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 154 of 207 

the monitoring requirements pertaining to where State and local monitoring agencies would be 

required to conduct lead monitoring were finalized and became effective January 26, 2011. The 

new regulations replaced the population oriented monitoring requirement with a requirement to 

add Pb monitors to the urban NCore monitors. The EPA also lowered the emission threshold 

from 1.0 tpy to 0.50 tpy for industrial sources of lead (e.g., lead smelters and foundries). 

However, the emission threshold for airports was maintained at 1.0 tpy. In addition, an airport 

monitoring study will be implemented to determine the need for monitoring of airports which 

emit less than 1.0 tpy of lead. Under this new rule lead monitoring is required for a minimum of 

one year at 15 additional airports that have been identified as having characteristics that could 

lead to ambient lead concentrations approaching or exceeding the lead NAAQS. Brookhaven 

and Republic airports in Suffolk County, New York have been designated as such. A 12-month 

monitoring study at Brookhaven Airport concluded in October, 2012 and all data were submitted 

to AQS. The Republic Airport monitoring did not start until October, 2012 due to protracted site 

lease negotiations. 

Particulate lead samples are collected on glass fiber filters using a standard TSP high volume 

sampler which are subsequently analyzed by the laboratory using atomic absorption 

spectroscopy. Under the new rule, EPA is allowing Pb-PM10 in lieu of Pb-TSP where the 

maximum 3-month arithmetic mean Pb concentration is expected to be less than 0.10μg/m3 (i.e., 

two thirds of the NAAQS) and where sources are not expected to emit ultra-coarse Pb. The 

population oriented Pb monitors at the NCore or NATTS sites are located away from known 

sources of Pb and will utilize Pb-PM10 samplers. 

Figure 4.5 depicts the number of monitoring sites and lead concentration trends for New York 

State over the years. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 155 of 207 

 Figure 4.5 Lead Monitors and Concentration Trends 

Currently there are four Pb-TSP monitors (one collocated) in operation in Middletown, where a 

lead acid battery recycling facility is located, and two urban CBSA monitors (low volume PM10) 

at the NATTS sites in the Bronx and Rochester. The source oriented monitoring sites (AQS site 

ID # 36-071-3001, 36-071-3002, 36-071-3004) are in place as the facility has the potential to 

contribute to a 3-month average lead concentration in ambient air in excess of the level of the 

NAAQS. Routine data review showed that during the first quarter of 2011, there were a couple 

of sample dates that showed high levels of lead, which would lead to contravention of the new 

standard. Investigations at the facility led to enforcement actions although specific causes for the 

observed values were not discovered. Consequently an additional low volume PM10 sampler was 

put in place to collect daily filter samples for mass measurement and lead analysis using XRF in 

August 2011. The PM10 mass data collected at this site was low and mass determination was 

discontinued in November 2012. The highest 3 Month rolling average PM10 lead concentration 

at the downwind site (36-071-3002) was 0.107 μgPb/m3

 in 2013. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 156 of 207 

4.4 Particulate Matter 

4.4.1 Total Suspended Particulate

Particulate matter is the generic term for a broad class of chemically and physically diverse 

substances that exist as discrete particles (liquid droplets or solids) over a wide range of sizes. 

Particles originate from a variety of anthropogenic stationary and mobile sources as well as 

natural sources. Particles may be emitted directly or formed in the atmosphere by 

transformations of gaseous emissions such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic 

compounds. The chemical and physical properties of PM vary greatly with time, location, 

meteorology, and source category, thus complicating the assessment of health and welfare 

effects. 

EPA first established national ambient air quality standards for PM in 1971. The reference 

method specified for determining attainment of the original standards was the high-volume 

sampler, which collects PM up to a nominal size of 25 to 45 micrometers (μm), referred to as 

total suspended particles or TSP. The primary standards (measured by the indicator TSP) were 

260μg/m3

 24-hour average, not to be exceeded more than once per year, and 75μg/m3 annual 

geometric mean. The secondary standard was 150μg/m3 24-hour average, not to be exceeded 

more than once per year. These standards were in place until 1987 when EPA changed the 

particle indicator from TSP to PM10, the latter referring to particles with a mean aerodynamic 

diameter less than or equal to10 μm. 

Figure 4.6 shows the number of monitoring sites and the composite annual geometric means of 

TSP over the years. Trace metal analysis was also performed on the TSP filters until 1998. 

NYSDEC terminated the TSP sampling program when DOH could no longer provide laboratory 

analysis support. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 157 of 207 

 4.6 Total Suspended Particulate Monitors and Concentration Trends 

4.4.2 PM10

In 1987 EPA revised the 1971 standards in order to protect against adverse health effects of 

inhalable airborne particles that can be deposited in the lower (thoracic) regions of the human 

respiratory tract, with PM10 as the indicator. EPA established identical primary and secondary 

PM10 standards for two averaging times: 150μg/m3

 (24-h average, with no more than one 

expected exceedance per year) and 50μg/m3

 (expected annual arithmetic mean, averaged over 

three years). These standards remained in effect until 2002, when the courts finally upheld the 

1997 revisions put forth by EPA as a result of the mandated periodic scientific review. After the 

most recent scientific review on PM, EPA issued the final rule in December, 2006 revising the 

PM2.5 standards, at the same time revoking the PM10 annual standard while retaining the 24 hr 

standard at 150μg/m3. 

Wedding & Associates PM10 Critical Flow High Volume Sampler (WED PM10 sampler) were 

employed for the NYSDEC network. The quartz filters were collected and submitted to the 

Department of Health for laboratory analysis until 2005, when support services were terminated. 

Figure 4.7 shows the number of monitors and the composite annual arithmetic mean for PM10. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

μg/m^3

# of Moniotrs

TSP in NYS - # Monitors vs. Statewide Geometric Mean

# TSP Monitors Statewide Geo. Mean Air Quality Standard
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 158 of 207 

Starting in 2004, the R&P Partisol 2025 samplers were used for manual PM10 collection by 

removing the PM2.5 size selective inlet. The filter cartridges are submitted to RTI (EPA contract 

laboratory) for mass analysis. 

 Figure 4.7 PM10 Monitors and Concentration Trends

Currently there are five such sites in operation, as shown in Figure 4.8. The sites in Rochester, 

Bronx and Queens operate on a one day in six schedule. The sites in Buffalo and in Manhattan 

on Division Street operate on a one day in three schedule. The NYSDEC is planning to reduce 

the frequency of sampling at Division Street and Buffalo to one day in six. 

The EPA in CFR 58.12(e) permits PM10 monitors to reduce monitoring frequency from one day 

in three to one day in six if the maximum 24-hr value in the past year is below 70% of the 

NAAQS of 150μg/m3

. The maximum value in 2013 for Division St. was 47.2μg/m3 and 45.5 at 

Buffalo, repectively, which is well below 70% of the annual standard, 105μg/m3

. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 159 of 207 

Figure 4.8 Location Map for PM10 Monitoring Sites 

Continuous PM10 data are also obtained using Thermo Scientific 1405-DF instruments that 

simultaneously measure PM2.5, PM Coarse (PM10 - PM2.5) and PM10 mass concentrations at the 

IS 52, Queens College, and Pinnacle State Park sites. 

4.4.3 PM2.5

In July 1997, EPA Administrator promulgated significant revisions to the PM NAAQS, after 

taking into account scientific information and assessments presented by staff, Clean Air 

Scientific Advisory Committee advice and recommendations, and public comments. While it 

was determined that the PM NAAQS should continue to focus on particles less than or equal to 

10μm in diameter, it was also determined that the fine and coarse fractions of PM10 should be 

considered separately. New standards were added, using PM2.5 as the indicator for fine particles; 

and PM10 standards were retained for the purpose of regulating coarse-fraction particles. Two 

new PM2.5 standards were set: an annual standard of 15μg/m3

, based on the 3-year average of 

annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented 

monitors; and a 24-hr standard of 65μg/m3

, based on the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 160 of 207 

24-hr PM2.5 concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area. To continue to 

address coarse-fraction particles, the annual PM10 standard was retained, and the form, but not 

the level, of the 24-hr PM10 standard was revised to be based on the 99th percentile of 24-hr 

PM10 concentrations at each monitor in an area. The secondary standards were revised by 

making them identical in all respects to the PM2.5 and PM10 primary standards. 

EPA lowered the NAAQS for PM in December of 2006 to provide increased protection of public 

health and welfare, respectively. EPA revised the level of the 24-hour PM2.5 standard from 65 to 

35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) and retained the level of the annual PM2.5 standard at 

15μg/m3. With regard to PM10, the 24-hour standard was retained, but the annual PM10 standard 

was revoked. On Dec. 14, 2012 EPA further strengthened the nation’s air quality standards for 

fine particle pollution to by revising the primary annual PM2.5 standard from 15 to 12 

micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3

) and retaining the 24-hour fine particle standard of 35μg/m3. 

The new standards became effective on March 18, 2013. 

The 2012 PM NAAQS added a network monitoring requirement for PM2.5. A PM2.5 monitor 

must be installed in CBSAs with populations over 1 Million near a busy road segment. The 

monitor deployments are staged with the monitors required in CBSAs over 2.5 Million by 

1/1/2015 and the rest by 1/1/2017. The data from these sites will be used to evaluate the impact 

of emissions from busy roadways in urban areas. The NYSDEC plans to install near-road PM2.5

monitors in Queens, Buffalo and in Rochester. 

The NYSDEC PM2.5 monitoring network deploys a combination of filter based Federal 

Reference Method (FRM) samplers, continuous mass monitors, filter based speciation samplers 

and continuous speciation samplers. The data from the FRM samplers are used to determine if 

the State’s air quality meets the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The 

continuous mass sampler data are used for the reporting of near real-time air quality data for 

health related warnings and forecasts. The speciation filter sampler data are used to determine 

the chemical constituents that make up PM2.5. The continuous speciation data are used to 

examine the short term fluctuations in the concentrations of individual species or components 

that make up PM2.5. 

PM Monitoring Objectives

The principal objective of the PM2.5 monitoring network is to determine the exposure of the 

State’s population to ambient PM2.5. This objective is the primary focus of the FRM filter based 

samplers as well as for the continuous mass monitoring network. The protocols and equipment 

used for the FRM network are meticulously specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

to insure that the measurements are consistent from one State to another. The continuous mass 

monitoring instruments cannot accurately provide data for direct comparison with the NAAQS 

but these instruments actually provide the most useful data for population exposure. The 

continuous PM2.5 data is updated every hour for near real-time health related warnings, PM2.5

forecasts and updates as to current pollution concentrations. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 161 of 207 

The NYSDEC has attempted to adjust the PM2.5 network in light of EPA expectations, updated 

regulations and prioritized funding. The FRM network consisted of 40 sites when it was fully 

established using the original design criteria from 1998. Since then the number of sites have been 

reduced because fewer sites were required to determine compliance with the Annual PM2.5

NAAQS. The latest revisions to the Federal regulations have reduced the number of required 

monitors even further. These new requirements base the number of required monitors on 

population and the expected PM2.5 concentration. The NYSDEC network exceeds these 

requirements in all areas that are expected to be near or above either the Annual or Daily PM2.5

standard. 

The other monitoring objectives for the PM2.5 network include transport and background 

monitoring. Transport monitoring sites are sites that are situated so that the data are 

representative of the air masses moving into the State from areas upwind. These sites are 

important because the sources of PM2.5 that are outside of New York can contribute to New 

York’s PM2.5 ambient concentration. Background monitoring sites are sites that are 

representative of PM2.5 concentrations that are generally not related to specific sources but 

impact wide areas. The concentrations measured at these background sites generally represent 

the lowest expected PM2.5 concentrations in New York State. 

Monitoring Scale and Representativeness

The geography of New York State encompasses a lake shore to the west, plateaus and rolling 

hills in the center, mountains to the northeast and south and sea shores to the southeast. All of 

these areas have varying population densities and meteorology. The populations living in these 

areas are exposed to PM2.5 that is generated locally as well as from PM2.5 that is transported from 

areas outside of their region. 

The actual design of the network is a compromise that minimizes the number of monitoring 

locations while ensuring that the measured concentrations for each area are indicative of actual 

population exposures. Each sampler is assigned a scale or “zone of representativeness” when it is 

installed. The scale determines how large a geographical area the resulting data will represent. 

EPA has defined ambient monitoring scales as: 

 Microscale: Represents (10 - 100 meters) 

 Middle Scale: Represents (100 - 500 meters) 

 Neighborhood Scale: Represents (500 meters - 4 km) 

 Urban Scale: Represents (4 - 100 km) 

 Regional Scale: Represents (100 to 1000 km) 

The scale of the FRM monitoring sites that have population exposure as their objective is 

Neighborhood or Urban. The definitions of scale primarily serve to identify the site’s sensitivity 

to individual sources. A monitoring site that is routinely impacted by a specific source has a 

much smaller “scale” than a site that only sees an effect from numerous widespread sources. The 

FRM sites in New York State are located in places that will likely have high concentrations and 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 162 of 207 

large monitoring scales. This ensures that the public is not exposed to higher ambient PM2.5

concentrations than the concentrations from the FRM network reported for their area. 

The PM2.5 monitoring network works well for determining average ambient exposures for most 

of the State’s population. The limitations of the network stem from the inability to monitor in 

smaller scales such as Middle and Microscale. An example of an urban microscale influence not 

addressed by the network would be PM2.5 emissions from traffic in a street canyon. Certainly if 

New York residents spent much of their time in this type of confined area, then their exposure to 

ambient PM2.5 would be considerably higher than that indicated by the closest neighborhood or 

urban scale monitor. Similarly, a person in a rural valley area subject to daily woodsmoke would 

also be exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations than those measured at the nearest Neighborhood 

or Urban scale monitor. 

The PM2.5 ambient monitoring network is also not able to determine the population’s overall 

exposure to PM2.5. Personal habits such as smoking and occupations such as mining, farming and 

construction can lead to much higher exposures to PM2.5 than that of the majority of the 

population. Other factors such as widely varying indoor PM2.5 concentrations can lead to 

uncertainty in overall PM2.5 exposures. 

 

PM2.5 Monitoring Instrumentation

The filter based FRM samplers used in New York are the Model 2025 sequential samplers made 

by the Thermo Environmental Company (Franklin, MA). The sampler has been designated by 

EPA as a reference method instrument for PM2.5 particle collection. The designation is: RFPS0498-118. 

Currently there are 19 FRM monitors in operation statewide, as shown in Figure 4.9. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 163 of 207 

Figure 4.9 Site Location Map of Manual PM2.5 (FRM) Monitoring Network 

Figure 4.10 below shows the number of manual PM2.5 monitoring sites and the composite annual 

arithmetic means in New York State since the network was implemented in 1998. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 164 of 207 

Figure 4.10 PM2.5 Monitors and Concentration Trends 

The continuous mass monitoring instruments used in New York are the TEOM 1400ab also 

made by the Thermo Environmental Company. These instruments have received designation by 

EPA for PM10 but not for PM2.5. PM2.5 is more difficult to measure than PM10 with automated 

samplers because PM2.5 contains a higher fraction of volatile components. The heated 

measurement sensor for the TEOM reduces the amount of volatile mass measured as compared 

to filter based FRMs. The NYSDEC utilizes non-linear data adjustments to make the TEOM data 

more comparable with the FRM data. The adjusted data are used for public reporting and 

forecasts of PM2.5 concentrations. 

The NYSDEC uses eight MetOne SuperSass and URG 3000N samplers for the collection of 

samples for the speciation of PM2.5. The samplers collect 3 and 1 filter samples respectively 

every third day or sixth day for a period of 24 hours. The samples are then sent to an EPA 

contract laboratory for chemical analysis. There are over fifty species consisting of ions, metals 

and carbon species quantified by the analyses. 

4.4.4 Continuous PM Monitoring

Continuous mass monitoring is performed primarily with a network of TEOM 1400ab 

instruments. In addition, there are three Thermo Scientific 1405-DF’s deployed (IS 52, Queens 

College, and Pinnacle) to simultaneously measure PM2.5, PM Coarse (PM10 - PM2.5) and PM10 

mass concentrations. This element of the PM2.5 monitoring network provides the data used for 

public reporting purposes including; the NYSDEC website, the AIRNow website and for PM2.5

forecasting. The data from the TEOMs are polled and reported every hour to insure that the 

public has access to the most recent air quality information. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 165 of 207 

The TEOM data are compared to the filter based FRM data on an annual basis. The comparison 

allows the analysts to create non-linear correction factors that modify the TEOM data to more 

closely resemble FRM data. This is necessary because FRM data is not available for near realtime public reporting purposes. EPA has recently recognized the value of these data adjustments 

and has created new method codes so this adjusted data can be submitted to the AQS database. 

The NYSDEC now submits TEOM data from each site in its original unadjusted format as well 

as the adjusted data to match more closely with the FRM. 

There are 26 continuous PM2.5 monitoring sites as shown in Figure 4.11. 

Figure 4.11 Site Location Map of Continuous PM2.5 (TEOM) Monitoring Network 

The NYSDEC also operates some of the newest continuous mass monitors which have 

undergone Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) designation. These instruments collect more of 

the volatile PM mass that the filter based FRM may or may not retain depending on the 

environmental conditions during and after the period in which the filter sample was collected. 

The Department has been evaluating the technological improvements that have led to the current 

PM2.5 continuous FEMs for more than 10 years. The Thermo Scientific 1405-DF FEM 

performed better than the other instruments in on-site deployments at urban and rural locations in 

the state. The Department purchased several of these but they have not operated reliably and 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 166 of 207 

have not produced data that compares acceptably with the FRM. The equipment manufacturer is 

aware of the issues and seems to be working towards resolutions of the problems. The 

Department will continue to rely on the FRM network to provide data for comparison with the 

ambient PM2.5 air quality standards. Currently, there are three 1405-DF’s deployed (IS 52, 

Queens College, and Pinnacle) to simultaneously measure PM2.5, PM Coarse (PM10 - PM2.5) and 

PM10 mass concentrations. The Department does not intend to use data collected by the FEMs 

for comparison to the NAAQS. 

Use of FEMs:

The Department does not intend to use data collected by the FEMs for comparison to the 

NAAQS in 2014. Of the 3 FEMs operating in NY in 2013, only the instrument at Queens 

College met the minimum data availability necessary for regulatory use. The data availability 

for compliance PM monitors must be at least 75% for each quarter. 

Table 4.4 FEM Data Availability in New York (2013 Data) 

 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Annual 

Queens College 99% 94% 99% 82% 94% 

Bronx 99% 97% 42% 16% 63% 

Pinnacle St Park 94% 47% 98% 11% 62% 

The data from FEMs must also meet statistical benchmarks for comparisons with the filter based 

FRMs before the FEM data can be used for regulatory purposes. The specifications in CFR 40 

Part 53 include acceptance limits for slope, intercept and correlation coefficient. The FEM at 

Queens closely matches the FRM on an annual basis when the FEM channel is reported. The 

agreement between the FEM and the FRM varies seasonally. NYSDEC will report the PM2.5 

FEM channel to AQS in 2014 and will continue the evaluation of the FEM. The reliability of the 

FEMs will need to improve before they can be utilized for regulatory purposes. 

Table 4.5 FEM Data comparison with Collocated FRM (2013 Data) 

 Queens College FEM Correlation Equation 

PM2.5 MC Channel Y(TEOM) = 1.07(FRM) + 0.63 R2 = 0.93 

PM2.5 FEM Channel Y(TEOM) = 1.00(FRM) R2 = 0.93 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 167 of 207 

Figure 4.12 2013 Queens College 1405DF FEM vs. Daily FRM 

Figure 4.13 EPA FEM Test Criteria for slope, intercept and correlation coefficient 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 168 of 207 

4.4.5 Speciation

Speciation monitoring is performed with a network of eight MetOne SuperSass samplers. There 

are eight sites in New York State operating with the Speciation Trends Network (CSN) sampling 

protocol. Five operate on a 1/3 day schedule and two operate on a 1/6 day schedule. All of these 

sites host collocated FRM and continuous mass monitoring instruments. A rural and an urban 

site also host collocated IMPROVE protocol samplers. The data from these sites is used to assist 

in the comparison between CSN and IMPROVE data sets. The goal of the urban installation will 

be to further relate the mostly rural IMPROVE network to the mostly urban CSN network. 

In order to address inconsistencies in carbon sampling and analysis procedures used in urban 

CSN/SLAMS and rural IMPROVE programs, EPA determined that the URG sampler would be 

used at all CSN sites. The conversion was completed 2008 for all of the NY sites. 

Figure 4.14 shows the eight CSN sites currently in operation. 

Figure 4.14 Location Map of Speciation Sampling Sites 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 169 of 207 

4.4.6 Continuous Speciation

The NYSDEC recognizes the value of high temporal measurements (hourly or higher) of PM2 5

species. This data is useful for the examination of pollutant trends (and temporal patterns) and 

can provide information necessary for identification of pollutant sources. This is critically 

important for areas facing non-attainment for the PM2.5 NAAQS. Identifying seasonality of 

species is necessary to develop control strategies. Long term monitoring is vital to this effort 

because in addition to changes in source emissions, variations in meteorology also affect ambient 

pollutant concentrations (e.g. wetter than average conditions lead to a washout of pollutants and 

a lowering of ambient concentrations). 

The NYSDEC continuous speciation program is expanding and currently includes monitoring at 

urban and rural locations. Sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon, elemental carbon and black carbon 

species data are collected at hourly or higher frequency. In this manner both the regional and 

inter-urban variability of these species are being investigated. The NYSDEC uses instruments to 

examine the species of PM2.5 on a higher frequency than what is available from the filter based 

speciation sampling network. This continuous speciation data is useful in the examination of 

source strengths and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and meteorology. The 

operation of continuous speciation equipment is also less expensive than long term filter species 

measurements due to the high costs associated with filter lab analysis. Operation of continuous 

speciation in conjunction with 24-hr CSN sampling is beneficial in accounting for biases in 

measurements when a change to the CSN method occurs. This is demonstrated in the case of 

CSN carbon which was changed to the IMPROVE method in 2007. Long-term collocated 

continuous carbon measurements prior to and following this change are being used to assess the 

bias between the old and the new carbon methods. This data will be important in determining 

the long term trends in PM2.5 carbon species. 

NYSDEC has been using the continuous speciation data in NYC to examine temporal patterns 

such as diurnal and day of week patterns of aerosol species related to source strengths and 

meteorology. For example elemental carbon, black carbon and primary pollutant NOx in NYC 

track throughout the day with peak concentrations in the morning coincident with the early 

commute period. Mobile emissions in the early morning occur into a shallow boundary layer 

which concentrates pollutants near ground level. An elevation in boundary layer height during 

the day leads to a dispersion of pollutants and a less pronounced afternoon/evening peak. 

Concentrations of these species are also higher on weekdays compared to weekends indicating 

that local mobile emissions are a significant source of these species. During winter months 

organic carbon sometimes shows similar patterns to EC and NOx reflecting the primary organic 

component most likely from mobile emissions. Throughout the year however organic carbon 

does not track the primary pollutants but is more correlated with PM2.5 mass (and sulfate during 

summer months) indicating that there is a significant regional or non-local contribution to 

organic carbon measured in NYC. Our continuous speciation measurements also reveal 

temporal patterns in particle nitrate. In cooler months PM2.5 nitrate has a broader peak than EC 

which appears later in the morning, consistent with photochemical and secondary aerosol 

production. During the warm season nitrate concentrations are significantly lower and the late 

morning nitrate peak (observed in winter) is not observed in the warm season because as 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 170 of 207 

temperatures rise during the day aerosol nitrate reverts back to its precursors (nitric acid and 

ammonia). 

Continuous data can also be used to capture the full extent of regional or local plumes that would 

normally be missed by the 24-hr filter sampling network. It allows us to study plume events and 

how meteorology can affect measurements. One can also differentiate between plumes which are 

short term of a few hours long (e.g. plumes from oil boiler emissions) likely driven by carbon 

versus those that are more regionally driven by sulfate in summer. High temporal pollutant data 

is also beneficial for public health effect studies that often require resolving confounding factors. 

Recently concerns have been raised regarding potential adverse health effects associated with 

residential wood burning. Wood smoke contains fine particulate matter which can cause shortterm effects such as eye, nose, throat and lung irritation, coughing, sneezing, runny nose and 

shortness of breath. Exposure to PM2.5 also can affect lung function and worsen medical 

conditions such as asthma, allergies and heart disease. Long term exposure to fine PM may 

increase the risk from chronic bronchitis, reduce lung function and increase mortality from lung 

cancer and heart disease. In addition, wood smoke contains known human carcinogens including 

benzene, formaldehyde, dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 

BAQS staff in collaboration with Clarkson University researchers were able to successfully 

characterize the ambient impact of residential wood combustion using dual wavelength (370 and 

880 nm) aethalometer measurements in conjunction with filter measurements of levoglucosan 

and potassium, markers for wood smoke. The study, which was conducted from October 2009 to 

October 2010 in Rochester, showed that the wood smoke component of black carbon is most 

evident from October to March during the late evening hours on cold weekend nights. 

Residential wood combustion was estimated to contribute 17% to the PM2.5 mass during winter 

at the Rochester study site. 

4.4.7 Additional Monitoring Initiatives 

The NYSDEC has been active in additional research and monitoring beyond the mandated 

Federal requirements. Some of this work has been collaborative with goals ranging from 

collecting data with the newest technologies, to providing support for health studies to evaluating 

new monitoring instruments. Other projects undertaken by the NYSDEC such as adding 

additional monitoring after the World Trade Center attack or monitoring before and after the cap 

was installed on the Fresh Kills landfill could not have been undertaken by other Agencies. 

4.4.7.1 PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study-New York Supersite

 

The largest collaborative monitoring project undertaken by the NYSDEC and State University of 

New York‘s Atmospheric Science Research Center (SUNYA-ASRC) was the Supersite program 

known as PMTACS. The 5 year monitoring initiative leveraged resources from EPA, 

NYSERDA and the NYS Environmental Bond Act to obtain detailed highly resolved pollutant 

measurements from NYC, Whiteface Mountain and an upwind rural site south-west of Corning, 

NY. This monitoring project also involved participants from the NYSDOH, Penn State 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 171 of 207 

University, Aerodyne Research Inc. and Clarkson University. The project’s website lists many of 

the program details: http://www.asrc.cestm.albany.edu/pmtacsny/index.html

 

Some of the instrument method development work initiated under this program has continued 

after the conclusion of the PMTACS program. This shared effort includes method development 

work on trace gas monitors, continuous organic carbon monitors, continuous particulate sulfate 

instruments, continuous particulate nitrate and ammonia instruments. All of these instruments 

will be needed as NYSDEC designs PM control strategies for non-attainment areas within New 

York State. 

The current research undertaken by this collaboration involves small particle and precursor gas 

concentration measurements from rural and urban locations in NY State. NYSERDA has 

provided funds for this work which includes an intensive monitoring campaign over several 

weeks this summer in New York City. The past summer measurements in conjunction with 

some on-going measurements are being used to compare with data taken at an urban NYSDEC 

monitor and those from a mobile van traveling on nearby highways. These studies will help to 

determine the impacts of mobile sources at fixed neighborhood monitors. 

4.4.7.2 Organic Carbon: Molecular Marker Characterization

The NYSDEC collaborated with Rutgers, Drexel, NESCAUM, NJDEP and CTDEP on a project 

called the Speciation of Organics for Apportionment of PM2.5 in the New York City Area 

(SOAP). The field portion of the project was conducted from May 2002 to May 2003. It operated 

at four sites: Queens, NYC (high density urban residential); Elizabeth, NJ (adjacent to the NJ 

Turnpike); Westport, CT (downwind NYC); and a regional background site in Chester, NJ 

(upwind NYC). The study’s chief objectives were to expand the chemical characterization of 

organic compounds and to estimate the source contributions of carbonaceous fine particles at 

urban and background monitoring sites. 

This project continued at a site in NYC and a rural site in Addison, south-west of Corning, NY 

during 2005 to 2007. Sampling for this project has been completed. The data from this project 

will provide information about the significance of sources of organic carbon particulate in both 

urban and rural areas in New York. This type of information will be used to assess the potential 

viability of local and wide range PM2.5 control strategies. 

4.4.7.3 PM Coarse Monitoring

The NYSDEC is taking an active role in advance of an upcoming EPA directive to monitor for 

PM Coarse (PM10 - PM2.5). Filter based monitoring was initiated in NYC and in Niagara Falls to 

determine approximate concentrations of PM Coarse. This information was used to assess PM 

Coarse elemental concentrations. The NYSDEC has also used this data to comment on the 

proposed PM Coarse standard and network design that were recently part of the draft CFR Parts 

53 and 58. Filter based 1 day in 6 PM Coarse monitoring is also underway at the Rochester and 

IS52 NATTs sites and at the NCore site in Queens. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 172 of 207 

The NYSDEC has also supported the development of new automated near real-time PM 

instruments. The NYSDEC is evaluating the 1405-DF Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) PM 

Coarse instruments at 3 locations in New York State. Data from the filter based samplers already 

operating at the site will be used to evaluate the performance of these instruments. The benefit of 

this work for the NYSDEC is that if successful, the instruments can provide high frequency data 

that can also be used for comparison to the PM2.5 and PM10 NAAQS. 

4.4.8 Air Pollution and Environmental Conditions

 

4.4.8.1 NYC Micro-scale Street Canyon Monitoring

The NYSDEC responded to a request by EPA to install 2 street level monitors in an urban area in 

NYC. The areas are known as canyons due to the tall buildings on either side of the street. The 

PM10 data collected at the one remaining site is used to evaluate the differences between data 

collected at very low elevations, close to high traffic roadways, and the monitors that are 

properly sited in the rest of the monitoring network. 

4.4.8.2 Rochester PM Center Clarkson, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center

The NYSDEC collaborates with researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center 

and Clarkson University who have been awarded a second PM health research grant from EPA. 

Their work focuses on the pathways and effects from PM pollution on the cardiovascular system. 

The NYSDEC provides data and support for a fine particle classifying instrument at a monitoring 

location near the University of Rochester. 

4.4.8.3 Air Pollution Microscopy

In addition to performing toxics and acid deposition laboratory analyses, BAQS Monitoring 

Support Section at the Rensselaer facility operates a variety of analytical microscopes for particle 

analysis. These instruments include: Smiths Detection Inc. IlluminatIR Fourier Transform 

microscope; JEOL 6490LV Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an EDAX “TEAM” 

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) System. Together with optical microscopes, staff can 

provide data on size, morphology, elemental, chemical, and other physical properties of 

particulate samples of size down to 1 μm in diameter. The information obtained is valuable for 

the understanding of source origin and provides important input for apportionment analysis. 

Ultra fine particles (<0.1 μm), primarily generated from combustion processes, including 

stationary fossil-fuel electric power generation, industrial processes, boilers, and gasoline and 

diesel engines, are an important component of PM2.5. Scientists are becoming increasingly more 

interested in these ultra fine or "Nano" size particles. Recently NYSDEC acquired a VEECO 

Nanoscope Multimode Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) for the analysis of these extremely 

small particles. With the addition of this new instrument, we are now able to look at particulate 

an order of magnitude smaller than what the Scanning Electron Microscope (300,000× mag vs. 

3,000,000× mag) can provide. Whereas the SEM specializes in particles in the 2.5 micron range, 

the Nanoscope is currently analyzing particles in the 25-50 nanometer range. Particle size, 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 173 of 207 

surface texture and roughness are now available on such particles as diesel exhaust, wood smoke, 

and other products of combustion. 

 

Recently NYSDEC acquired the Olympus LEXT Laser Confocal Microscope (LCM). It is 

designed to obtain images of ultrafine particles at ranges smaller than what can be seen with our 

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and larger than what we can see with Atomic Force 

Microscope (AFM). It is the perfect fit between these two pieces of instrumentation and will 

complement both the AFM and SEM. Each method can “see” in the size range that the other 

cannot. The LCM works on particles between 500 nm and 200 microns, so it works in between 

the two. 

 

The intended use of this instrument will provide information: 

• on the use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol, as well as their use with 

different emission after-treatment strategies. Little to no information is currently 

available on the effect of such fuels on particle morphology. 

• to refine our methodologies for acquiring filter samples for microscopic examination and 

in performing these examinations. Future samples could potentially be taken both from 

direct mobile source emissions and also from ambient samplers deployed in the 

monitoring network. 

• to re-evaluate our earlier ultrafine particle measurements. For example, earlier results 

suggest the presence of a secondary small particle mode in biodiesel emissions (smaller 

particles pose greater risks of health effects). Microscopic examination could provide 

evidence to either support or dismiss this finding. 

4.4.8.4 Ultrafine Particulate Monitoring 

NYSDEC first began ultrafine particulate monitoring with the deployment of a TSI Model 3031 

Ultrafine Particle Monitor (UPM) at Queens College in June of 2009. This instrument provides 

continuous measurements of size distribution and particle number concentrations of fine particles 

below1 micron, in the range from to 20 to 500 nanometers. The Queens College NCore site was 

selected for the UPM so as to complement a suite of parameters already being measured there. 

Concurrently a demo UPM unit on loan for one year from the manufacturer was installed at the 

Eisenhower Park location in Nassau County, which is expected to have a significant impact from 

mobile sources. Preliminary data suggest that the ultrafine particles are to a large extent regional 

in nature and less impacted by local mobile sources. The particle counts and size distributions 

for the two sites are similar, and also track the PM2.5 profile in some cases. It is possible that the 

mobile signal is damped out due to the siting of the monitor, as the inlet probe height may not be 

optimal and there may be interference from nearby trees. In addition, a resource recovery 

facility located about 1⁄4 mile west of the site, as well as other local sources (wood-fired pizza 

ovens, etc.) may influence the measurements. Alternate explanations may be that mobile 

ultrafine emissions are predominantly smaller than the 20 nanometer cut-off point or affect the 

measurements only on a short time scale. Data on particle size distribution and concentration 

will provide valuable information for the understanding of PM2.5 formation mechanisms, as well 

as source apportionment determination. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 174 of 207 

It appears worthwhile to conduct short duration intensive studies in the future that 

simultaneously employ a suite of particle counting instruments including the Scanning Mobility 

Particle Sizer (SMPS), Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS), Condensation Particle Counter 

(CPC), and our UPM to further evaluate the mobile component. The new NOx rule requiring the 

establishment of near-roadway monitors in populated areas starting in 2013 (see NO2 Section) 

will afford an opportunity to collocate UPMs to further investigate the mobile contribution to the 

overall ultrafine concentration. The recent establishment of initial regulations intended to 

address ultrafine particle emissions from mobile sources (LEV-3 in California, Euro V-VII in the 

EU) is an early indicator of more extensive regulation of ultrafine particle emissions from mobile 

sources expected in the future, and suggests the potential emergence of regulations for ambient 

ultrafine particles as well. 

In our Air Pollution Microscopy laboratory, three particle characterization techniques (Laser 

Scanning Confocal Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy) 

are used to investigate the morphology of real world ultrafine particles, such as those from 

mobile source emissions and other industrial sources. As an example, the changes in ultrafine 

particle morphology resulting from the use of two strategies for reducing diesel emissions, i.e., 

exhaust after-treatment and the use of alternative diesel fuels were studied. These activities 

complement the ambient monitoring data in understanding the formation, distribution and 

transport of ultrafine particulate. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 175 of 207 

4.5 Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a colorless, reactive gas, is produced during the burning of sulfurcontaining fuels such as coal and oil, during metal smelting, and by other industrial processes. It 

belongs to a family of gases called sulfur oxides (SOx). Major sources include power plants, 

industrial boilers, petroleum refineries, smelters, iron and steel mills. Generally, the highest 

concentrations of sulfur dioxide are found near large fuel combustion sources. 

High concentrations of SO2 can result in temporary breathing impairment for asthmatic children 

and adults who are active outdoors. Short-term exposures of asthmatic individuals to elevated 

SO2 levels while at moderate exertion may result in reduced lung function that may be 

accompanied by symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. Other 

effects that have been associated with longer-term exposures to high concentrations of SO2, 

in conjunction with high levels of PM, include respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs’ 

defenses, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease. The subgroups of the population 

that may be affected under these conditions include individuals with cardiovascular disease 

or chronic lung disease, as well as children and the elderly. 

Additionally, there are a variety of environmental concerns associated with high concentrations 

of SO2. Because SO2, along with NOx, is a major precursor to acidic deposition (acid rain), it 

contributes to the acidification of soils, lakes, and streams and the associated adverse impacts on 

ecosystems. Sulfur dioxide exposure to vegetation can increase foliar injury, decrease plant 

growth and yield, and decrease the number and variety of plant species in a given community. 

Sulfur dioxide also is a major precursor to PM2.5 (aerosols), which is of significant concern to 

human health, as well as a main pollutant that impairs visibility. Finally, SO2 can accelerate the 

corrosion of natural and man-made materials (e.g., concrete and limestone) that are used in 

buildings and monuments, as well as paper, iron-containing metals, zinc, and other protective 

coatings. 

Figure 4.15 shows the number of SO2 monitors and the composite annual means in New York 

State over the years. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 176 of 207 

Figure 4.15 Sulfur Dioxide Monitors and Concentration Trends

Based on its most review of the air quality criteria for oxides of sulfur and the primary national 

ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) for oxides of sulfur as measured by sulfur dioxide (SO2), 

EPA replaced the existing 24-hour and annual standards with a new short-term standard based on 

the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of the yearly distribution of 1-hour daily maximum SO2 

concentrations. EPA set the level of this new standard at 75 ppb, which became effective August 

23, 2010. EPA is also establishing requirements for an SO2 monitoring network. These new 

provisions require monitors in areas where there is an increased coincidence of population and 

SO2 emissions. In order to do this, EPA developed a Population Weighted Emissions Index 

(PWEI) that uses population and emissions inventory data at the CBSA level to assign required 

monitoring for a given CBSA (with population and emissions being obvious relevant factors in 

prioritizing numbers of required monitors). The PWEI for a particular CBSA was proposed to be 

calculated by multiplying the population (using the latest Census Bureau estimates) of a CBSA 

by the total amount of SO2 emissions in that CBSA. The CBSA SO2 emission value would be in 

tons per year, and calculated by aggregating the county level emissions for each county in a 

CBSA. The PWEI values are being developed using the 2010 Census numbers. The final 

network design requires that any SO2 monitors required in a particular CBSA as determined 

based on PWEI values shall satisfy the minimum monitoring requirements if they are sited at 

locations where they can meet any one or more of the monitoring objectives: Source-Oriented 

Monitoring, Highest Concentration, Population Exposure, General Background, and Regional 

Transport. EPA is expected to provide additional guidance for the implementation of this rule. 

There are 19 SO2 monitors in operation currently, as shown in Figure 4.16. TEI Model 43C 

instruments using the pulsed fluorescence method are deployed in the network. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 177 of 207 

The EPA considered setting a secondary standard for NOx and SOx that would specifically target 

the impact of acidic deposition on wilderness areas. The EPA ultimately decided that there was 

not enough information at this time to tie specific water quality thresholds with ambient air 

concentrations. In the July 2011 final rule for NOx and SOx, the EPA stated that they would set 

up a monitoring program in sensitive areas to collect information to link water quality impacts to 

ambient air quality measurements. The NYSDEC is participating in this pilot monitoring 

program in the Adirondacks. Additional monitoring equipment has been installed at several sites 

to determine the concentrations of gasses and particles including ammonia. These data will be 

used in the future to inform the next review of the NOx/SOx standard. 

Figure 4.16 Location Map for Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Sites 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 178 of 207 

4.6 Ozone

Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms (O3), a very reactive gas, and even at low 

concentrations it is irritating and toxic. It occurs naturally in small amounts in the earth's upper 

atmosphere, and in the air of the lower atmosphere after a lightning storm. In the stratosphere, 

between 10km and 50km above the earth’s surface it forms the Ozone Layer. This is an 

important protective layer which filters out most of the high energy ultra-violet radiation from 

the sun which would damage much of the life on earth. When ozone is present at ground level 

and in the troposphere (10-18 km above earth’s surface) it is considered a pollutant and a 

greenhouse gas. Ozone is used both industrially and commercially due mainly to its reactivity. It 

is used as a clean way of purifying water both in industry and in the home in hot-tubs and fish 

tanks. It is also used to disinfect laundry both in hospitals and in the home. 

Ground-level O3 remains a pervasive pollution problem in the United States. Ozone is readily 

formed in the atmosphere by the reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in the 

presence of heat and sunlight, which are most abundant in the summer. VOCs are emitted from a 

variety of sources, including motor vehicles, chemical plants, refineries, factories, consumer and 

commercial products, other industries, and natural (biogenic) sources. Nitrogen oxides (a 

precursor to ozone) are emitted from motor vehicles, power plants, and other sources of 

combustion, as well as natural sources including lightning and biological processes in soil. 

Changing weather patterns contribute to yearly differences in O3 concentrations. Ozone and the 

precursor pollutants that cause O3 also can be transported into an area from pollution sources 

located hundreds of miles upwind. 

Ozone occurs naturally in the stratosphere and provides a protective layer high above the earth. 

However, at ground level, it is the prime ingredient of smog. Short-term (1- to 3-hour) and 

prolonged (6- to 8-hour) exposures to ambient O3 concentrations have been linked to a number 

of health effects of concern. For example, increased hospital admissions and emergency room 

visits for respiratory causes have been associated with ambient O3 exposures. 

Exposures to O3 result in lung inflammation, aggravate preexisting respiratory diseases such as 

asthma, and may make people more susceptible to respiratory infection. Other health effects 

attributed to short-term and prolonged exposures to O3, generally while individuals are engaged 

in moderate or heavy exertion, include significant decreases in lung function and increased 

respiratory symptoms such as chest pain and cough. Children active outdoors during the summer 

when O3 levels are at their highest are most at risk of experiencing such effects. Other at-risk 

groups include adults who are active outdoors, such as outdoor workers, and individuals with 

preexisting respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Within 

each of these groups are individuals who are unusually sensitive to O3. In addition, repeated 

long-term exposure to O3 presents the possibility of irreversible changes in the lungs, which 

could lead to premature aging of the lungs and/or chronic respiratory illnesses. 

Ozone also affects sensitive vegetation and ecosystems. Specifically, O3 can lead to reductions in 

agricultural and commercial forest yields, reduced survivability of sensitive tree seedlings, and 

increased plant susceptibility to disease, pests, and other environmental stresses such as harsh 

weather. In long-lived species, these effects may become evident only after several years or even 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 179 of 207 

decades. As these species are out-competed by others, long-term effects on forest ecosystems 

and habitat quality for wildlife and endangered species become evident. Furthermore, O3 injury 

to the foliage of trees and other plants can decrease the aesthetic value of ornamental species as 

well as the natural beauty of our national parks and recreation areas. 

EPA initially established primary and secondary NAAQS for photochemical oxidants on April 

30, 1971. Both primary and secondary standards were set at an hourly average of 0.08 parts per 

million (ppm), total photochemical oxidants, not to be exceeded more than one hour per year. 

On February 8, 1979, EPA completed its first periodic review of the criteria and standards for O3

and other photochemical oxidants and made significant revisions to the original standard: the 

level of the primary and secondary NAAQS was changed to 0.12 ppm; the indicator was changed 

to O3; and the form of the standards was changed to be based on the expected number of days per 

calendar year with a maximum hourly average concentration above 0.12 ppm (i.e., attainment of 

the standard occurs when that number is equal to or less than one). 

In July, 1997 EPA revised the primary and secondary O3 standards on the basis of the then latest 

scientific evidence linking exposures to ambient O3 to adverse health and welfare effects at 

levels allowed by the 1-hr average standards. The O3 standards were revised by replacing the 

existing primary 1-hr average standard with an 8-hr average O3 standard set at a level of 0.08 

ppm. The form of the primary standard was changed to the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 

8-hr average concentration, averaged over three years. The secondary O3 standard was changed 

by making it identical in all respects to the revised primary standard. These standards were 

challenged in the courts and the litigation lasted until March, 2002 when the D.C. Circuit Court 

issued its final decision, finding the 1997 O3 NAAQS to be “neither arbitrary nor capricious,” 

and denying the remaining petitions for review. As of June 15, 2005 EPA revoked the 1-hour 

ozone standard in all areas except the fourteen 8-hour ozone nonattainment Early Action 

Compact (EAC) Areas (none in NY). 

After the most recent review of the ozone NAAQS, EPA revised the 8 hr ozone standard 

(primary and secondary) to 0.075 ppm, which went into effect on May 27, 2008, at which time 

the 1-hr standard was revoked. 

The number of ozone monitors and concentration trends for both the 1 hr, and 8 hr standards in 

New York State for the past three decades are shown in Figures 4.17 and 4.18, respectively.

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 180 of 207 

Figure 4.17 Ozone Monitors and 1 hr Concentration Trends 

Figure 4.18 Ozone Monitors and 8 hr Concentration Trends 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 181 of 207 

At present NYSDEC operates 29 TEI Model 49C ozone monitors statewide, which use the UV 

photometric method for detection. The site locations are depicted in Figure 4.19 below. 

Figure 4.19 Location Map for Ozone Monitoring Sites
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 182 of 207 

5. EPA’s National Toxics Program

In general, EPA plans to use ambient air toxics monitoring to support the air toxics program’s 

efforts to reduce human exposure and health risks from air toxics. The monitoring data provided 

by the ambient air toxics monitoring program is intended to support four major objectives: 

• Establish trends and evaluate the effectiveness of air toxics emissions reduction 

strategies. 

• Characterize ambient concentrations (and deposition) in local areas. Air toxics originate 

from local sources and can concentrate in relatively small geographical areas, producing 

the greatest risks to human health. 

• Provide data to support, evaluate, and improve air quality models. Air quality models are 

used to develop emission control strategies, perform exposure assessments, and assess 

program effectiveness. 

• Provide data to support scientific studies to better understand the relationship between 

ambient air toxics concentrations, human exposure, and health effects from these 

exposures. 

EPA’s national air toxics monitoring program is comprised of four different monitoring efforts: 

• National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS) 

• EPA funded local-scale projects to assess conditions at the local level 

• Existing State and local program monitoring 

• Persistent bio-accumulative toxics monitoring 

The objective for the NATTS network is to provide long-term monitoring data for certain 

priority air toxics across representative areas of the country in order to establish overall trends 

for these pollutants. Currently there are 23 NATTS established in 22 cities. The two New York 

NATTS sites are located in the Bronx, and Rochester, respectively. 

EPA’s initial ambient air toxics monitoring pilot studies disclosed that significant variations in 

pollutant concentrations occurred across a city and that these variations cannot be characterized 

by a single monitoring site. As a result, EPA decided that local-scale projects consisting of 

several monitors operated for a period of 1 to 2 years should be incorporated into the national air 

toxics monitoring strategy. In 2006 New York was awarded a grant for a community air quality 

air study in Tonawanda which began in July 2007. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and fine 

particulate matter are measured at 4 locations in the Tonawanda community to address citizen 

concerns. The field sampling portion of this study was completed in July, 2008. 

New York State has been operating a toxics monitoring network since 1990, funded entirely by 

State monies. Currently there are 11 sites statewide collecting 24 hr canister samples for VOC 

analysis in a 1 in 6 days interval. See section on NY Toxics Monitoring Network 

The monitoring program for persistent bio-accumulative toxics primarily consists of deposition 

monitoring, not ambient air monitoring. Several monitoring programs operated by various 

Federal agencies have been established to measure the presence of toxics in various media. In 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 183 of 207 

2010 New York completed an EPA funded community grant study titled “New York State 

Ambient Mercury Baseline Study” for the measurement of speciated mercury in ambient air, as 

well as mercury in wet deposition. Instruments at the two study sites are still operating with other 

funding sources and additional funding is being sought to continue this important monitoring. 

In addition to air toxic-specific monitoring activities, several other monitoring programs that are 

primarily intended to address other air pollution concerns incorporate some aspects of air toxics 

monitoring. For example, the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) collect 

data on certain volatile organic compound and carbonyl air toxics. Further, the results of some 

particulate matter monitoring is speciated (i.e., the individual compounds comprising the 

particulate matter are analyzed) to identify certain air toxics compounds. 

5.1 National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS)

EPA’s Urban Air Toxics Program identified 33 high-priority urban air toxics. From these 33 air 

toxics EPA developed a list of 19 “core” air toxics representing the pollutants for which EPA 

eventually wants to develop trends information. However, because of limitations in available 

methodologies, EPA decided that at a minimum, in starting the network, each of the NATTS 

should monitor for at least 6 of these 19 pollutants. These six pollutants are considered national 

air toxics “drivers” (i.e., pollutants of concern in all areas of the country). 

Table 5.1 NATTS Pollutants of Concern 

Required Monitoring Desired Monitoring 

1,3-butadiene trichloroethylene 

acrolein tetrachloroethylene 

arsenic beryllium 

formaldehyde nickel 

benzene cadmium 

hexavalent chromium acetaldehyde 

 1,2-dichloropropene 

carbon tetrachloride 

lead 

chloroform 

manganese 

methylene chloride 

vinyl chloride 

For the two NATTS sites, New York will perform analysis of 42 VOCs (Table 5.2), and 12 

carbonyls (Table 5.6). More details on the sampling and analysis are provided in the NY Toxics 

Monitoring, and Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations sections, respectively. In 

addition, low volume PM10 teflon filters are collected for trace metals analysis using ICP-MS. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 184 of 207 

The targeted metals include: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, manganese, nickel, antimony, 

cobalt, and selenium, with the last three being potential future HAPs. Hexavalent chromium 

sampling commenced in November 2007 at the Rochester and Bronx sites. The cellulose filter 

samples are shipped to EPA/ERG for laboratory analysis. Recently, EPA determined that area 

wide Chromium VI monitoring should only be applicable in areas with known sources. 

Sampling at New York NATTS sites was suspended at the end of June, 2013. 

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) sampling at the Rochester and IS 52 sites began in 

July, 2008. The collection media consists of one 110 mm diameter glass microfiber filter and a 

tubular glass cartridge containing a combination of Polyurethane Foam (PUF) and XAD-2 resin. 

The exposed samples are shipped to an EPA contract laboratory (ERG) for analysis. 

Due to roof construction work at IS 52, sampling for NATTS parameters was temporarily moved 

to the Morrisania site, 1.7 miles NW of the original location beginning in mid June, 2010. The 

relocation interrupted some sample collection. The EPA was notified of the temporary 

relocation prior to the move and the data will be submitted using the AQS code for the 

Morrisania site: 36-005-0080. The construction work at IS 52 was completed in the summer of 

2012, and monitoring resumed at this site in July, 2012. 

5.2 NY Toxics Monitoring Network

The NY ambient air toxics monitoring program was first established in 1985 as part of the 

Governor's Air Monitoring Modernization Capital Budget Program. This monitoring network 

measures Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) across the State. The initial development of the 

network and analytical capabilities was part of a joint Staten Island/New Jersey Urban Air 

Toxics Assessment Project (SI/NJ Study) coordinated with U.S. EPA Region II from 1987 

through 1989. The network expanded in 1990 to a statewide network. 

The goal is to monitor air quality related to toxics in the State's urban, industrial, residential, and 

rural areas. Implementation of this program starts the development of a long-term toxics air 

quality database for New York State. The database will be used to define, attain, and preserve 

good air quality in New York State. The data defines actual air quality impacts of the VOCs. The 

data is used in the design and management of New York's air quality, including risk assessment, 

modeling, planning and trend analysis. 

Initially, only seventeen VOCs were monitored. In 1995, the number of analytes was increased 

to nineteen. In 2002, the list of VOCs was further expanded to include 42 compounds as shown 

in Table 5.2 below: 

Table 5.2 Target List of Volatile Organic Compounds 

CHEMICAL CAS #

Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 

Chloroform 67-66-3 

1,2 Dichloroethane 107-06-2 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 185 of 207 

CHEMICAL CAS #

1,1,1 Trichloroethane 71-55-6 

Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 

Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 

1,1,2 Trichloroethane 79-00-5 

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 

Acrolein 107-02-8 

Benzene 71-43-2 

Toluene 108-88-3 

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 

m,p-Xylene 1330-20-7 

o-Xylene 95-47-6 

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 

1,2 Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 

1,3 Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 

1,4 Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 

Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 

1,2 Dichloropropane 78-87-5 

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 

1,1-Dichloroethylene 75-35-4 

Hexachloro-1,3-Butadiene 87-68-3 

1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 

Chloromethane 74-87-3 

Chloroethane 75-00-3 

cis1,2-Dichloroethylene 156-59-2 

cis 1,3-Dichloropropene 542-75-6 

trans 1,3-Dichloropropene 542-75-6 

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 

Trichlorotrifluoroethane 76-13-1 

Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 76-14-2 

1,2-Dibromoethane 106-93-4 

A-chlorotoluene 

(Benzylchloride) 

100-44-7 

1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 

Bromomethane 74-83-9 

Styrene 100-42-5 

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 

1,3 Butadiene 106-99-0 

Methyl Tert Butyl Ether 1634-04-4 

1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 

 

Volatile organic compounds are collected in stainless steel canisters contained in a sampler 

known as an ambient air canister sampler. The sampler is an air flow calibrated sampling device 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 186 of 207 

that pumps ambient air into the canister. A special stainless steel diaphragm pump provides a 

constant pressure to push the sample through the sampler. A relief valve is used to maintain a 

steady pressure for the sample flow controller. Samples are collected at a one in six days 

frequency and shipped back to the Rensselaer laboratory facility for analysis. 

The analysis methodology is a modified version of EPA method TO-15. An aliquot of air sample 

is taken from the canister at a controlled flow and temperature onto an Entech Model 7100A 

preconcentrator. The preconcentration process involves a series of steps. The first trap consists of 

glass beads/Tenax held at -110 ̊C which is then heated to room temperature in order to remove 

water/moisture in the sample. The next trap in line consists of Tenax held at - 30 ̊C. The 

contaminants of interest are then desorbed at 150 ̊C and collected on the cryofocuser held at -150 

̊C. The sample is then rapidly heated for column injection using a Varian GC coupled with a 

Saturn MS detection. This method of analysis allows positive identification by retention time and 

molecular mass. 

Concentration trends charts for some ubiquitous VOCs are provided below. 

Note that for 2011, the values shown for IS 52 actually represent those from the site at 

Morrisania, as all monitoring at IS 52 was relocated to Morrisania in July of 2010 due to roof 

construction work. In August, 2012 all equipment for NATTS was relocated back to IS 52. The 

values presented for 2012 represent a composite of the two locations. 

Figure 5.1 Annual Averages for Benzene 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 187 of 207 

Figure 5.2 Annual Averages for Toluene 

Figure 5.3 Annual Averages for m,p-Xylene 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 188 of 207 

Figure 5.4 Annual Averages for o-Xylene 

Figure 5.5 Annual Averages for 1,3-Butadiene 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 189 of 207 

Figure 5.6 Annual Averages for Dichloromethane 

Figure 5.7 Annual Averages for Chloroform 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 190 of 207 

Figure 5.8 Annual Averages for 1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Figure 5.9 Annual Averages for Formaldehyde†
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 191 of 207 

Figure 5.10 Annual Averages for Acetaldehyde†

†Note that the toxics monitoring operation at IS 52 was temporarily moved to the Morrisania II 

site in mid June 2010 due to extensive construction work. In late July 2012, work was 

completed and monitoring resumed at IS 52. The values shown for 2010 and 2012 represent 

partial year average only. 

Currently there are 11 toxics monitoring sites in operation for the measurement of VOCs, and 8 

sites for carbonyls statewide. These locations are shown in Figure 5.11 below. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 192 of 207 

Figure 5.11 Location Map of Toxics Monitoring Sites 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 193 of 207 

5.3 Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)

The 1993 revisions to 40 CFR Part 58 provide for the establishment and maintenance of network 

of air monitoring stations called Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) which 

will supplement the existing State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) network. The 

selection of parameters to be measured at a PAMS site varies with the site’s ozone nonattainment 

designation and whether a site is upwind or downwind from O3 precursor source areas. These 

parameters are O3, total oxides of nitrogen (NOx), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 

speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and specific meteorological measurements. 

The purpose of the PAMS program is to provide an air quality database that will assist in 

evaluating and modifying control strategies for attaining the O3 National Ambient Air Quality 

Standard (NAAQS). PAMS data will also be used to better characterize the nature and extent of 

the O3 problem, track VOC and NOx emission inventory reductions, assess air quality trends and 

determine whether areas of New York remain in nonattainment of the O3 NAAQS. 

NYSDEC is required to operate and maintain two sites for metropolitan New York. The New 

York Botanical Gardens PAMS site (located in Northern Bronx) has been operational since 

1994. The Queensborough Community College PAMS station (located in Queens) began 

monitoring of some species in late 1997. The Queens site was fully operational for the 1998 

ozone monitoring season. This site moved to Queens College in the spring of 2001 as the QBCC 

building was undergoing a major renovation and the equipment had to be removed from the site. 

The Table 5.3 lists the chronology of monitoring at these sites. 

 

Table 5.3 Information on PAMS Sites 

Site Name Parameters Implementation Date

New York Botanical Garden NOx Jun-94 

CO Jun-94 

O3 Jun-94 

VOCs Jun-94 

Carbonyls Jun-94 

NMOC Jun-99 

Meteorology Jun-94 

NMOC Sep-99 

Queens Community College 

closed 12/2001

NOx May-98 

CO May-98 

O3 May-98 

SO2 May-98 

VOCs Jun-98 

Carbonyls Sep-97 

NMOC Aug-98 

Queens College NOx Jun-01 

CO Jun-01 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 194 of 207 

Site Name Parameters Implementation Date

O3 Jun-01 

SO2 Jun-01 

Carbonyls Jun-01 

NMOC Jun-01 

For gaseous parameters, Table 5.4 lists the sampling instruments and analysis methods. 

Table 5.4 Instrumentation for Gaseous Pollutants 

Parameter Instrument Analysis Method Frequency

NO TECO 42C Chemiluminescent Continuous 

NO2 TECO 42C Chemiluminescent Continuous 

NOx TECO 42C Chemiluminescent Continuous 

O3 TECO 49C Ultraviolet Continuous 

CO TECO 48C Infrared Continuous 

 

The following applies to meteorological measurements. 

Table 5.5 Equipment for Meteorological Measurements 

Parameter Instrument or 

Sampling Method

Frequency

Wind Speed SONIC Continuous 

Wind Direction SONIC Continuous 

Temperature Thermistor Continuous 

Relative Humidity Hydroscopic 

Capacitor 

Continuous 

Barometric Pressure Piezoresistive Sensor Continuous 

Carbonyls are sampled using DNPH cartridges and analyzed with HPLC according to EPA 

Method TO-11a. The target compound list is provided in Table 5.6 below. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 195 of 207 

Table 5.6 Target Compound List for Carbonyl Sampling 

Compound AIRS Code

acetaldehyde 43503 

acetone 43551 

acrolein 43505 

benzaldehyde 45501 

crotonaldehyde 43516 

formaldehyde 43502 

hexanal 43511 

methacrolein 43515 

m-tolualdehyde 45504 

n-butyraldehyde 43510 

propionaldehyde 43504 

valeraldehyde 43518 

Volatile organic compounds are monitored using Summa canisters samples followed by 

laboratory GCMS analysis as well as by an on-site realtime GC. The methods and sampling 

frequencies are provided in Table 5.7 below. 

Table 5.7 VOC Methods and Sampling Frequencies 

Sampling Method Analytical Method Frequency

Method TO-14a GC/FID Hourly 

TO-15 (24-hr) GC/MS Every 6 day 

TO-15 (40 min) GC/MS Once a week 

The targeted compounds are listed below: 

Table 5.8 PAMS Target Compounds List 

Compound AIRS # 

ethene 43203 

acetylene 43206 

ethane 43202 

propene 43205 

propane 43204 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 196 of 207 

Compound AIRS # 

isobutane 43214 

1-butene 43280 

n-butane 43212 

trans-2-butene 43216 

cis-2-butene 43217 

3-methyl-1-butene dropped 1995 43282 

isopentane 43221 

1-pentene 43224 

n-pentane 43220 

isoprene 43220 

trans-2-pentene 43226 

cis-2-pentene 43227 

2-methyl-2-butene dropped 1995 43227 

2,2-dimethylbutane 43227 

cyclopentane 43242 

4-methyl-1-pentene dropped 1995 43234 

cyclopentene dropped 1995 43283 

2-,3-dimethylbutane 43284 

2-methylpentane 43285 

3-methylpentane 43230 

2-methyl-1-pentene dropped 1997 43246 

n-hexane 43231 

trans-2-hexene dropped 1995 43289 

cis-2-hexene dropped 1995 43290 

n-hexene added 1997 43245 

methylcyclopentane 43262 

2,4-dimethylpentane 43247 

benzene 45201 

cyclohexane 43248 

2-methylhexane 43263 

2,3-dimethylpentane 43291 

3-methylhexane 43249 

2,2,4-trimethylpentane 43250 

n-heptane 43232 

methylcyclohexane 43261 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 197 of 207 

Compound AIRS # 

2,3,4-trimethylpentane 43252 

toluene 45202 

2-methylheptane 43960 

3-methylheptane 43253 

n-octane 43233 

ethylbenzene 45203 

m,p-xylene 45109 

styrene 45220 

o-xylene 45204 

nonane 43235 

isopropylbenzene 45210 

n-propylbenzene 45209 

m-ethyltoluene added 1995 45212 

p-ethyltoluene added 1995 45213 

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 45207 

 o-ethyltoluene added 1995 45211 

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 45208 

n-decane 43238 

1,2,3 trimethylbenzene added 1995 45225 

1,3-diethylbenzene added 1995 45218 

1,4 diethylbenzene added 1995 45219 

n-undecane 43954 

dodecane added 1997 45218 

tnmoc 43102 

pamshc 43000

 

All parameters except for the summer intensive VOCs and carbonyls are run on a continuous 

basis year round. VOC system startup is scheduled for May 15th each year. The carbonyl's 

schedule of eight (3 hour) samples every third day ended in September 2005 as the requirement 

was dropped by EPA to reduce overall cost of the PAMS program. The VOC intensive sampling 

ends in September after the final system audit. Twenty-four hour carbonyl and canister samples 

are continued on a six day schedule throughout the year. 

The on-site GC system consists of a Markes Unity Air Server-Thermal Desorber System 

integrated with an Agilent GC. The Summa canisters are shipped to the Rensselaer laboratory 

facility and analyzed with an Entech preconcentrator with a Varian GCMS System.
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 198 of 207 

6. NCore Sites 

 

The National Core Monitoring Program (NCore) is an EPA initiative to redesign a portion of the 

National air monitoring network. The existing compliance oriented network is set up with a 

parameter specific design that is targeted at the relatively high concentrations near the NAAQS. 

The data from this network is not as accurate at the low levels needed for trends analysis and 

model validation. The single parameter design is also not well suited to multi-pollutant health 

studies, integrated model assessment or the analysis of source attribution through comparisons of 

co-pollutants from sources to receptors. 

The NCore program has been designed around approximately 75 sites Nationwide that are sited 

to represent large urban areas away from significant individual sources. A smaller subset of these 

sites will be located in rural areas. The NYSDEC in conjunction with EPA Region 2 office has 

suggested 3 of the NYSDEC monitoring sites for inclusion in this new network. The sites are: 

 

 AQS ID # Site Name General Location 

 36-081-0124 Queens College Located in Kew Gardens in Queens, NYC 

 36-055-1007 Rochester Located Southeast of Rochester, NY 

 36-101-0003 Pinnacle Located 15 mi. Southwest of Corning, NY 

Pinnacle is the only rural site of the three and it was also selected as one of ten pilot NCore sites. 

This site has hosted monitoring appropriate for the objectives of the NCore program due to its 

involvement with several research programs so it was well suited to take on the more difficult 

monitoring parameters required from the NCore monitoring program. SUNY Albany ASRC 

researchers have been making low level trace gas measurements at this site for the past ten years. 

Home built analyzers for low level CO and NOy were employed. These prototype instruments 

required extensive post sampling data processing. They measured “true” NO2 using direct 

photolysis method. Commercially available instruments are used for monitoring low level SO2, 

continuous particulate sulfate, and OC/EC particulate carbon. In addition, realtime ammonia data 

are collected using two different methods—NO chemiluminescence with catalytic conversion, 

and ion mobility spectrometer. The Queens site which was recently established is preparing to 

monitor for some of the NCore parameters. 

NCore Monitoring Objectives

 a.) Timely Reporting of Data to the Public 

 b.) Support for Development of Emission Strategies 

 c.) Accountability of Emission Strategy Progress 

 d.) Support for Long-Term Health Assessments 

 e.) Compliance 

 f.) Support to Scientific Studies 

 g.) Support to Ecosystem Assessments 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 199 of 207 

NCore Primary Monitoring Parameters

The NCore sites are required to be sited in conjunction with the PM2.5 FRM network, the PM2.5

speciation network and the PMcoarse network. These parameters will be supplemented with the 

NCore specific parameters that currently include NOy, Low Level CO and Low Level SO2. 

NOy which is defined as the sum of all reactive nitrogen oxides includes NO, and NO2, and other 

nitrogen oxides referred to as NOz. The NCore program requires NOy monitoring because it is 

the best indicator of the results from NOx reduction strategies, it is valuable for ecosystem 

assessments, it is important for model evaluation and it supports NO2 estimates for health effects 

studies. 

CO is important to the NCore program because it is used in model evaluation, it is a surrogate for 

many combustion related pollutants, it is included in health effect studies and it can be used to 

assess control programs. CO is also monitored under the existing criteria monitoring program but 

NCore requires more accuracy at lower concentrations and siting that makes the data more 

representative of wider areas than the existing network. 

SO2 is important for model evaluation because of its role in sulfate formation which is a large 

percentage of PM2.5 mass particularly in the Northeast. SO2 is also important for some health 

effect studies and like CO it must be monitored accurately at low concentrations to meet the 

objectives of the NCore program. 

Nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3) are both compounds of interest in EPA’s NCore 

program but they are not yet required because the sampling methodology is not yet fully 

developed. Both compounds are useful for model evaluation because of their contribution to PM 

formation. 

To meet the monitoring requirements, trace level instruments for SO2 and CO as well as NOy

measurements were all operational at the three NCore sites since the beginning of 2011. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 200 of 207 

7. Acid Deposition Monitoring Network

At the end of 2012, the Department discontinued the existing acid rain monitoring 

program and transitioned 7 monitoring locations to the National Acid Deposition 

Program (NADP). The old acid deposition program was established in response to the 

State Acid Deposition Control Act (SADCA) in 1985. This program was designed to 

provide measurements of acid deposition and related quantities necessary to assess the 

effectiveness of sulfur control policy and other strategies aimed at reducing the effects of 

acid rain. By all measures, the monitoring program, as well as the NOx and SOx control 

strategies has improved the environment. For example, the deposition of Sulfate 

statewide has decreased by more than 60% since the monitoring program began and the 

concentrations of acidic pollutants continue to decline. 

The transition to the NADP program will result in savings to the Department, provide 

better and more useful data for use in regulation development and will allow for the 

comparison of data from New York with other acid sensitive regions across the country. 

Additionally, because the NADP program provides a uniform operational framework, the 

data from existing NADP sites within New York and in neighboring states can be utilized 

in the analysis of deposition in New York. 

The NADP program uses IC, ICP and FIA to determine the concentrations of free acidity (H+ as 

pH), conductance, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+

 ), potassium (K+ ), sulfate 

(SO42-), nitrate (NO3+

 ), chloride (Cl- ), and ammonium (NH4+). The data and reports from this 

program from the 7 NYSDEC sites as well as other sites in New York and in the United States 

can be obtained from: http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/data/ 

The NYSDEC monitoring locations that were converted to the NADP in January 2013: 

 

 NY06 Bronx 

NY28 Piseco Lake 

NY43 Rochester (Established 2013) 

NY59 Wanakena 

NY92 Amherst (Established 2013) 

NY93 Paul Smith's College 

The other NADP sites currently operating in New York but sponsored by other 

organizations: 

NY01 Alfred 

NY08 Aurora Research Farm 

 NY10 Chautauqua 

 NY20 Huntington Wildlife 

 NY22 Akwesasne Mohawk-Fort Covington 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 201 of 207 

 NY29 Moss Lake 

 NY52 Bennett Bridge 

 NY67 Ithaca (NADP/AirMoN) 

 NY68 Biscuit Brook 

 NY96 Cedar Beach, Southold 

NY98 Whiteface Mountain (Previously operated by NYSDEC) 

 NY99 West Point 

Figure 7.1 shows NADP sites operated by DEC as well as other collaborating partners in New 

York State. 

Figure 7.1 Location Map of Acid Deposition Monitoring Sites in New York State
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 202 of 207 

8. Anticipated Changes in the Next 18 Months 

8.1 Lead Monitoring

Revisions to the monitoring requirements became effective January 26, 2011. The new 

regulations replaced the population oriented monitoring requirement with a requirement to add 

Pb monitors to the urban NCore monitors. The EPA also lowered the emission threshold from 

1.0 tpy to 0.50 tpy for industrial sources of lead (e.g., lead smelters and foundries). One source 

located in Orange County was determined to have the potential to violate the standard due to the 

amount of lead processed at the facility and the past results from nearby ambient monitoring. 

The NYSDEC will continue to operate the ambient lead monitor that is already operating near 

that facility. Routine data review showed that during the first quarter of 2011, there were a 

couple of sample dates that showed high levels of lead, which would lead to contravention of the 

new standard. Investigations at the facility led to enforcement actions although specific causes 

for the observed values were not discovered. Consequently an additional low volume PM10

sampler was put in place to collect daily filter samples for mass measurement and lead analysis 

using XRF in August, 2011. 

 

The NYSDEC currently has two urban lead monitors at the NATTS sites (Rochester, Bronx). 

The Rochester site is also a designated NCore site. It is the Regional Administrator’s discretion 

to approve site substitution for the population oriented monitoring requirement. These monitors 

will take advantage of the allowance for the submission of PM10 lead data in place of TSP lead 

data. The 2013 3-month rolling average for lead values are provided in the following table. 

Table 8.1 2013 3-Month Rolling Average Lead Concentrations for Urban Sites. 

2013 PM10 Lead 3-Month Rolling Average, μg/m3

Month Rochester IS 52 

January 0.0020 0.0052 

February 0.0019 0.0051 

March 0.0019 0.0048 

April 0.0022 0.0049 

May 0.0026 0.0047 

June 0.0028 0.0050 

July 0.0027 0.0043 

August 0.0026 0.0038 

September 0.0026 0.0046 

October 0.0027 0.0047 

November 0.0020 0.0041 

December 0.0018 0.0033 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 203 of 207 

The data clearly demonstrate that the urban PM10 concentrations at the NATTS sites are 

significantly below the NAAQS of 0.15 μg/m3

. 

 

8.2 Special Purpose Monitors

 8.2.1 Tonawanda Community Air Quality Study

Although the original study funded by EPA concluded in 2008, NYSDEC has continued 

sampling at two of the four study sites with State funding. The Tonawanda II site at Brookside 

Terrace will remain in operation as part of the permanent network, while the Grand Island Blvd. 

industrial site will be maintained as a special purpose monitor, resources permitting. Figures 8.1 

shows the trend chart for benzene demonstrating emission reductions. 

Figure 8.1 Annual Averages for Benzene at Tonawanda Sites 

8.2.2 New York State Ambient Mercury Baseline Study

New York has established regulations to control mercury from coal-fired powered plants in a 

two-phase approach, with Phase I taking effect on January 1, 2010 and Phase II taking effect on 

January 1, 2015. The goal of Phase I is to reduce power plant emissions by 50% from 1999 

levels, and preliminary indications are that these emissions have actually been reduced by about 

65%. Phase II calls for 90% emission cuts. In order to track the progress of in- and out-of-state 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 204 of 207 

emissions reductions, the NYSDEC seeks to continue operation and maintenance of mercury wet 

deposition samplers and speciated Tekran systems. 

In 2008, NYSDEC was awarded an EPA grant to conduct this study at two existing urban sites: 

New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx (AQS Number: 36-005-0083), and Rochester (AQS 

Number: 36-055-1007) for a period of two years. The Tekran Model 2537B, 1130 and 1135 

Mercury Speciation Units were used to measure elemental, reactive gaseous and particle bound 

mercury species in the ambient air. The wet deposition collector system, manufactured by NCON Systems Co. Inc., and equipped with an ETI NOAH IV Precipitation Gauge was collocated 

at each site. The field data collection concluded in the fall of 2010. The results of the study were 

presented at the National Air Toxics Monitoring and Data Analysis Workshop in April 2011. 

The final report was submitted to the EPA in May 2011. 

The NYSDEC has utilized funds from the Great Lakes Acid Deposition (GLAD) Program which 

focuses on tracking persistent biological toxins to continue the operation of these sites. 

8.2.3 Community Air Screen Program 

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), through funding 

provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), implemented a 

community-based screening program for toxic air pollutants. The purpose of DEC's Community 

Air Screen program is to conduct air quality surveillance at the community-level with the help of 

local community groups and interested citizens. 

DEC provides the sampling equipment, trains people on how to use the equipment and work with 

the community to determine the best location and time period for sampling. All air sampling 

equipment are returned to the DEC offices in Albany for analysis of the samples and 

interpretation of the results. 

The deadline for application was May 24, 2012 and applicants were notified of the selection June 

25, 2012. Of the 42 applications received, 23 applications were selected statewide covering 

locations in the following counties: Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Ulster, Dutchess, Albany, Warren, 

St. Lawerence & Franklin, Onondaga, Ontario & Seneca, Niagara, and Erie. Some of the 

applicants with similar concerns and from the same community were combined resulting in a 

final tally of 21 organizations and individuals included in the study. Except for one group which 

never returned the waiver form even after repeated requests, sampling efforts including followup investigations concluded in all other cases. Twelve completed reports and other pertinent 

information are available on the DEC website: http://www.dec.ny.gov/public/81629.html . 

Additional reports will be posted when finalized. 

BAQS staff also carried out canister sampling for VOCs in communities that were not part of 

this study due to environmental and public health concerns. Various duration samples such as 

grab, 1-hr, as well as 24-hr, were obtained and analyzed by our laboratory. Areas studied 

included Throgs Neck, Attica, Camillus, and Albany South End. 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 205 of 207 

8.2.4 Airport Lead Monitoring 

Under the 2011 lead NAAQS, States and local monitoring agencies were required to establish 

lead monitors at airports where piston-engine aircraft are estimated to emit 1.0 or more tons of 

lead per year. Additionally, the EPA specified that monitoring would be required at 73 airports 

with inventories of 0.50 tons per year or more. However, in light of the limited available data, 

and in consideration of the comments received on the proposed monitoring requirements, the 

EPA decided to select 15 of the 73 airports with estimated Pb emissions of between 0.50 and 1 

ton per year to evaluate the need for additional monitoring at airports nationwide. The EPA used 

criteria in addition to expected emissions to select the 15 airports including runway 

configuration, meteorology and proximity to locations where the general public has access. The 

15 airports where Pb monitoring was required included Brookhaven (HWV) (36-103-0024) and 

Republic (FRG) (36-103-0005) airports in Suffolk County, New York. 

The EPA required the NYSDEC to conduct TSP lead monitoring at one location at Republic 

(FRG) and at Brookhaven (HWV) for a period of 12 consecutive months. Samples were 

collected for 24 hours every sixth day. The regulation stated that if data averages were higher 

than 50 percent of the NAAQS for any consecutive 3-month period during the monitoring study, 

the collection of data at that location would have to continue beyond the initial 12-month period. 

The NYSDEC proposed several locations for monitoring at both Republic and Brookhaven 

airports. Discussions were held with EPA Region 2, EPA OAQPS and EPA OTAQ staff and 

one location was approved for each airport. Sampling commenced at Brookhaven in October, 

2011, and at Republic in October, 2012. Both sites have a complete year of data. The summary 

table below includes the monthly average as well as the rolling 3 month averages for both sites. 

Airport Lead Concentrations, μg/m3

Month Brookhaven Republic 

Average 3-Month Rolling Average 3-Month Rolling 

October 0.033 -- 0.010 -- 

November 0.024 -- 0.015 -- 

December 0.042 0.033 0.003 0.009 

January 0.016 0.027 0.007 0.008 

February 0.020 0.026 0.011 0.007 

March 0.016 0.018 0.010 0.009 

April 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.013 

May 0.003 0.013 0.010 0.013 

June 0.009 0.010 0.007 0.012 

July 0.028 0.013 0.010 0.009 

August 0.031 0.023 0.013 0.010 

September 0.014 0.024 0.008 0.010 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 206 of 207 

8.2.5 Peace Bridge Air Quality Study 

The DEC undertook a six month air monitoring campaign beginning in late August 2012. 

The data collection was the first step in a two part program designed to assess changes in 

local air quality resulting from the redesign of the Peace Bridge Plaza. Once the Plaza 

reconstruction is complete, another six months of data collection will be undertaken. A 

final report will be prepared that provides an analysis of the air quality impact of the new 

Plaza configuration on the surrounding neighborhood. The Phase 1 report provides a 

summary of the data collected in phase one of the project. All of the data collected in this 

program are available on the NYSDEC website: 

http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/83984.html

Two monitoring locations were utilized to assess the impact of the current configuration 

of the Peace Bridge Plaza on the surrounding neighborhood. One site was situated in the 

predominant downwind direction from the Plaza on a vacant lot on Busti Avenue at the 

intersection with Vermont Street. The other site was located in the Southwest corner of 

Front Park just downwind of I-190 and upwind of the Plaza. 

The DEC installed filter based and continuous PM2.5 monitoring devices as well as Black 

Carbon (BC) monitors at both sites, and meteorological equipment at the Busti Avenue 

site. The sites were used to collect data from late August 2012 through mid-March 2013. 

The data collected at the two sites were very similar and, during most of the sampling 

period, the PM2.5 concentrations were slightly higher at the Front Park site while the BC 

concentrations on average were equal at the two sites. There were a few short periods 

when concentrations of both PM2.5 and BC were higher at the Busti Avenue site. The 

only pollutant measured in this campaign with a NAAQS was PM2.5 and at no time did 

measured concentrations at either site exceed the standards. The average PM2.5 at Front 

Park was 8.3μg/m3

 and 8.2μg/m3 at Busti Avenue. The average BC at both Front Park 

and Busti Avenue was 0.53μg/m3. The analysis of BC data originating from the direction 

of the Plaza showed that there was a small increase in the contribution of BC to local PM 

in the neighborhood downwind of the Plaza in the afternoons when truck activity is 

highest. 

The data collected in phase one of the study indicate that the PM2.5 collected at the two sites in 

this study correlate very well with the two monitors in Buffalo and Niagara Falls. This indicates 

that on average, there is no significant source of PM2.5 impacting the neighborhood around the 

Peace Bridge that is not also impacting the sites in Niagara Falls and Buffalo. This result is not 

surprising due to the heavy influence of mobile sources in the region. Historically, the DEC has 

used the PM2.5 monitoring site in Buffalo on Dingens Street to assess the air quality for the 

region. The average PM2.5 in Buffalo for the same period as this study was 8.3μg/m3. 

 
Annual Monitoring Network Plan 

Revision 1.1 

Date: May 15, 2014 

Page 207 of 207 

8.3 Proposed Changes at Existing Sites

As part of the new requirements specified in the revised Monitoring Regulations Parts 53 and 58, 

a network assessment was performed to determine “if the network meets the monitoring 

objectives defined in appendix D to this part, whether new sites are needed, whether existing 

sites are no longer needed and can be terminated, and whether new technologies are appropriate 

for incorporation into the ambient air monitoring network.” As a result of this exercise, 

NYSDEC is proposing the following modifications to the existing network. 

8.3.1 Division St. and Buffalo 

Under CFR 58.12(e) EPA allows for reduced PM10 sampling frequency from one day in three to 

one day in six if the maximum 24-hr value in the past year is below 70% of the NAAQS of 

150μg/m3. The maximum value in 2013 for Division St. was 47.2μg/m3 and 45.5μg/m3 at 

Buffalo, respectively, which is well below 105μg/m3, 70% of the annual standard.