Interim Decision #2783

MATTER OF COTE

In Exclusion Proceedings

A-20873404

Decided by Board March 6, 1980

A Canadian citizen truck driver of a United States firm who seeks to deliver automobiles manufactured in Canada into the United States and to pick up automobiles in the United States and transport them back to Canada is admissible to the United States as a visitor for business under section 101(a)(15)(1B) of the Act as the transportation function he performs is a necessary incident to international trade and the unloading

of automobiles in the United States by the applicant is merely incidental to his primary purpose of transporting them into the Country.

EXCLUDABLE: Order: Act of 1952—Sec. 212(a)(20) [8 U.S.0 1182(a)(20)]

—Immigrant

— no visa

ON BEHALF OF APPLICANM ON BEHALF OF SERVICE Sam Bernsen, Esquire George Indeliento 1000-16th Street, N.W. Trial Attorney Washington, D.C. 20036

By Milhollan, Chairman; Maniatis, Appleman, Maguire, and Farb, Board Members

In a decision dated September 15, 1978, an immigration judge admitted the applicant to the United States as a nonimmigrant visitor forbusiness under section 101(a)(15)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(B). 

### The Immigration and Naturalization Service has appealed. The appeal will be dismissed. The applicant is a native and citizen of Canada and resides in Canada. At the time of the hearing, he was 30 years old. He 

### is employed by Anchor Motor Freight Inc., as a truck driver. Anchor Motor Freight, Inc. (Anchor Freight), is a Delawarecorporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leaseway Transportation., Inc., of the United States. The parent corporation controls Leaseway Limited of Canada, which in turn is the parent corporation of Charlton Transport Limited, Quebec (Charlton). Licenses 

### for transportation of General Motors vehicles in the United States are owned by Anchor Freight; the licenses for transportation of General Motors vehicles in Canada are owned by Charlton. A lease agreement 

### exists

336Interim Decision #2783

between Anchor Freight and Charlton for use of each other's facilities, including transportation licenses, trucks owned by Charlton, trailers owned by Anchor Freight, and the truck drivers employed exclusively
by Anchor Freight. Anchor Freight employs 132 drivers. Approximately 90 percent of them are United States citizens or permanent residents. The applicant is one of 12 to 15 Canadian citizen drivers employed pursuant to the labor-management agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teannsters which requires the employment of Canadian as well as the United States drivers' Canadian drivers are assigned only shipments destined to cross the border between the United States and Canada. They are not assigned to transport automobiles from one point in the United States to another. The applicant's employment is as follows. He travels from his home in Canada to Anchor Freight's track terminal in Champlain, New York, where he obtains a tractor-trailer. From the terminal he proceeds to St. Therese, Quebec, Canada, where he loads the trailerwith new General Motors automobiles. The applicant returns to Champlain, 

### New York, receives his manifest, and proceeds to deliver the automobiles to various dealerships in New York and New Jersey.
Delivery requires 3 to 5 days, after which the applicant either returns to the terminal at Champlain and repeats the route just described or goes to Tarrytown, New York, to pick up a load of automobiles and transport them to St. Therese, Canada. The applicant may work up to 70 hours per week. Of that time, 4 to 8 hours are expended in Canada, and the remainder, extending over 3 to 5 days, is expended in the United States. For this work, the applicant receives a contract price for hauling the load and mileage for pulling the trailer empty. He is paid by Anchor Freight in Canadian funds by a
check drawn on a Canadian bank. On appeal, the Service contends that the applicant is not admissible under section 101(a)(15)(B) of the Act because he is seeking to enter 

### the United States to perform local employment for hire, and not as avisitor for business. The Service contends that the applicant's employment is manual labor, not intercourse of a commercial character, and that the respondent must have an, immigrant visa in order to pursue it. As evidence that the applicant is engaged in local employment for hire, the Service points to the following factors. The applicant works for a United States corporation. He drives to the United States to beginwork. His truck is maintained in the United States, as are his employment records. Most of the work that he does is in the United States, and he spends most of his work week in the United States.

The Union has voiced no opposition to the applicant's admission.

9R7

### Interim Decision #2783

in response to the Service's contentions, the applicant submits that 

### his activities have been gonstrued in previous administrative decisions 

### io be "business" within the meaning of 101(a)(15)(B) of the Act. He contends that it has been the Immigration and Naturalization Sery lee's policy to admit truck drivers to the United States as visitors for busineas (B-1) for years,° and that the Service should be estopped from 

### enforcing a change in that policy against the applicant because the service advised Anchor Freight that its drivers would be admissible to 

### the United States as nonimmigrant visitors for business (B-1) and that Anchor Freight has relied on that advice. He also contends that the change in policy is invalid because it was not accomplished 

### in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act' Section 101(a)(15)(B) of the Act defines a nonimmigrant visitor for business by implication, as:
[Ajn alien (other than one coining for the purpose of study or of performing skilled or unskilled labor or as a representative of foreign press, radio, film, or other foreign information media coming to engage in such vocation) having a residence in a foreign country which he has no intention of abandoning and who is visiting the United States temporarily for business... 

### The term "business" as used in section 101(a)(15)(B) has been held nat to include ordinary labor for hire, but to include only intercourse of a commercial character. See v. U.S. rel Aibro, 279 U.S. 231 (1929); 

### Matter of Hire, 11 I&N Dec. 824 (BIA 1965, 1966; A.G. 1966); Matter of P—, 8 I&N Dec. 206 (BIA 1958). However, an alien need not be considered a "businessman" to qualify as a business visitor, if the function he performs is a necessary incident to international trade or

commerce. Matter of Hira, supra; See Matter of W—, 6 I&N Dec. 832 (3IA 1955); Matter of R

— 

### , 3 I&N Dec. 750 (BIA 1949). 

### We find that the applicant is engaged in "business" within 

### the meaning of section 101(a)(15)(B) of the Act because the function he performs is a necessary incident to international trade. Although the applicant is an employee, as opposed to an independent businessman, 

### he is actively engaged in the transportation of automobiles across the international boundary. That transportation is an essential link in International trade_ Unloading of the automobiles by 

### the applicant is a

2The applicant submitted copies of prior Operations Instructions 2I4(b), which reflect that truck, bus, and van drivers and helpers engaged solely in international transport and incidental loading and unloading at terminal points were admissible to the United States as nonimnhlgrant visitors for business (B-1) at least between June 3, 1953, and sometime after December 1, 1956. Counsel for the applicant contends that the provision wits deleted from the Operations Instructions not because of a change of policy, but in a move to reduce the volume of the Operations Instructions. The Service has not disputed the content of the provision or counsel's explanation for its deletions. As our decision is favorable to the applicant, we will. not address his contentions individually.



### 338Interim Decision #2788



### necessary function of delivery and is merely incidental to the primary purpose of transporting them into the United States. See Matter of R—, supra. Although the applicant's trips are frequent—almost 

### continuous

— 

### each is temporary for a business purpose, and after each, the applicant intends 

### to return to Canada. Accordingly, the applicant is admissible as a nonimmigrant visitor for business. ORDERS The appeal is disinissed.

339