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# OAR Box 

# 1846 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 63 ) ll-J- 6
Docket Number: 

# A-90-0 7

Printed 11/18/20087:30:16

AM Sheet 63 of 93P. 2 

## A-96-c n -tX-5-0^ )

Californi a Ai r Resource

s Boar d 

# Staf

f Repor t M 

# I033X{ | \w

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EPA 

## WBD2SS!' 1 

# Propose d Specification s fo r Alternative Fuel s fo r Moto r Vehicle s

Releas e Date : Octobe r 28 , 199 1 Stat e o f Californi a Ai r Resources BoardP. 3



### Stat e o f Californi a AI RRESOURCE S BOAR D Stationar y

Sourc e Divisio n

STAF F REPORT : INITIAL STATEMEN T O F REASON S FO RRULEMAKING

Publi c Hearin g t o Conside r Adoptio no f Specification s fo r Alternativ e Fuel s fo r Moto r Vehicle s

Dat e o f Release : Octobe r 28 , 199 1 Schedule dfo r Consideration : Decembe r 12 , 199 1

Thi s repor t ha s bee nreviewe dby th e staf f o f th e Californi a Ai r Resource s Boar dan dapprove dfo r publication . Approva l doe s no t signif y tha t th e content s necessaril y reflec t th e view s an

dpolicie s o f th e Ai r Resource s Board , no r doe s mentio no f trad e name s o r commercia l product s constitut e endorsemen t o r recommendatio nfo r use .P. 4

ACKMOWLFDeyCtlT S 

### Thi s repor t wa s prepare dwit hth e assistanc e an d suppor t from

th e othe r division s and office s o f th e A1 r Resource s Board . I n addition , w e woul d lik e t o acknowledg e th e assistanc e an d cooperatio ntha t w e hav e receive d fro m man y Individual s an

d organizations . I n particular , w e woul dlik e t o than k member s o f th e America nSociet y fo r Testin g an

d Material s committees , th e Californi a Energ y

Commission , th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalition , th e Californi a Renewabl e Fuel s Council , th e Divisio no f Measuremen t Standard s o f th e Californi a Departmen t o f Foo dan d Agriculture , th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Association , th e Wester nLiqui dGa s Association , an

d th e Wester nState s Petroleu m Association .

Principa l Author ; 

### Stephe nR . Franci s

Offic e o f lega l Affairs : 

### To m Jenning s

Wit h Specia l Thank i fo r Clerica l Suppor t To : 

### Theres a Dad e Marlin e Hick s

Reviewe d an

d Approve

d Bv : 

### Pete r D . Venturlnl , Chief , Stationar y Sourc e Divisio n Ronal dA . Frlesen , Assistan t Chief , Stationar y Sourc e Divisio n Dea nC . Simeroth , Chief , Criteri a Pollutant s Branc h Rober t D . Fletcher , Manager , Fuel s Sectio nP. 5

TABL E O F CONTENT S 

### Cjmifin U £ag i I . INTRODUCTIO N1 A . Introduc t io n 1 B . Summar y2 C . Recommendatio n 8 II . DISCUSSIO NO F TH E PROPOSE D REGULATION S 1 0 A . Overvie wo f th e Regulation s 1 0 B . Basi c Prohibition s 1 1 C . Propose d Specification s fo r Methano l 1 2 D . Propose d Specification s fo r Ethano l 1 8 E . Propose d Specification s fo r Natura l Ga s 2 3 F . Propose d Specification s fo r Liquifie d PetroleumGa s 3 1 G . Propose d Specification s fo r Hydroge n 3 3 III . ENVIRONMENTA L AN D ECONOMI C IMPACT S 3 5 A . Emissio n Reduction s 3 5 B . Cost s 3 5 C . Smal l Busines s Impact s 3 6 D . Othe r Environmenta l Impact s 3 6 E . Globa l Warmin g and Ozon e Depletio n Impacts. . 3 7 F . Publi c Safet yImpact s 3 7 REFERENCE S 3 9 APPENDICE S Appendi x A : Propose d Regulatio n Order-Propose d Amendment s t o

Sectio n 1960.l(k) , 1956.8(b) , and 1956.8(d) , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , and Propose d Adoptio n o f Section s 229 0 - 2292.7 , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulation s Appendi x B : Propose d Amendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n

Standard s and Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 8 and Subsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-dut yTrucks , and Medium-dut yVehicle s Appendi x C :
Appendi x D : Propose d Amendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n

Standard s and Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 an d Subsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut yDiese l Engine s and Vehicle s Propose d Amendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s and Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 and Subsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut yOtto-cycl e Engine s and Vehicle sP. 6

Appendi xE : AST M

Draf t Compressio nIgnitio nMethano l Fue l Specificatio n 7/91- 1 Appendi xF : AST M

D- 2 Proposa l P-232 . Draf t 8-9-91 : Fue l Methano l (M-85 ) fo r Automotiv e Spark-ignitio nEngine s Appendi xG : Propose dM-8 5 Certificatio nFue l Specificatio nfrom th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio no f th e Unite dStates , Inc . - 7/23/9 1 Appendi xH : AST M

D 4806-8 8 Standar dSpecificatio nfo r Denature dFue l Ethano l fo r Blendin g wit hGasoline s fo r Us e a s Automotiv e Spark-ignitio nEngin e Fue l Appendi xI : AST M

D 1835-8 9 Standar dSpecificatio nfo r Liquifie dPetroleu m Gase sP. 7

I . INTRODUCTIO N

A . INTRODUCTIO N Thi s repor t present s th e staff' s propose dspecification s fo r alternativ e moto r vehicl e fuels . Th e propose dspecification s ar e par t o f th e effort s o f th e Ai r Resource s Boar d(ARB o r Board ) t o promot e th e developmen t o f cleane r moto r vehicle s b y adoptin g regulation s tha t conside r th e combine deffect s o f vehicl e emissio ncontro l technolog y an dclea nfuels . I nSeptembe r 1990 , th e AR B adopte dregulation s t o phase-i nmor e stringen t exhaus t emissio nstandard s fo r vehicle s a s wel l a s mak e alternativ e clea nfuel s fo r vehicle s availabl e t o motorists . Thes e regulation s ar e referre dt o a s th e lo w emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s regulations . A s par t o f thi s effort , th e AR B staf f identifie dth e nee dt o develo pspecification s fo r alternativ e moto r vehicl e fuel s includin g methanol , ethanol , compresse dnatura l ga s (CNG) , liquifie dpetroleu m ga s (LPG) , an

dhydrogen . Fo r th e purpose s o f thi s report , th e staf f i s considerin g any

moto r vehicl e fue l othe r tha ngasolin e o r diese l fue l a s a n alternativ e moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e specification s ar e necessar y t o ensur e tha t moto r vehicle s designe dt o us e alternativ e fuel s wil l hav e fuel s availabl e tha t ar e o f consisten t qualit y an dproduc e th e expecte demissio n benefits . Th e propose dregulator y actio ni s i

nrespons e t o thi s identifie d need . I ndevelopin g th e propose dspecifications , th e staf f hel dtwo workshops . Th e staf f als o considere dth e informatio npresente db y fue l producer s an

dsellers , vehicl e manufacturers , th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) , th e America nSociet y fo r Testin g an

dMaterial s (ASTM) , th e Californi a Renewabl e Fuel s Council , th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalition , an

dothe r intereste dparties . Th e staf f ha s considere dth e effect s o f th e specification s onemissions , an y safet y considerations , an

d th e feasibilit y

an dcos t o f producin g alternativ e fuels . Th e followin g sectio nsummarize s th e staff' s proposal .



### -1 -P. 8



### B . SUMMARY 1 . Wha t i s th a staf f proposing ? Th e staf f i s proposin g t o establis h ne wspecification s fo r th e commercia l us e o f th e alternativ e moto r vehicl e fuel s liste d in Tabl e 1
. Thes e specification s ar e referre d t o a s commercia l fue l specifications
. Commercia l fue l specification s appl yt o fue l sol d o r supplie d i n Californi a fo r us e in moto r vehicle s beginnin g Januar y1 , 1993
.

Fue l Methano l M-10 0 M-8 5 Ethano l E-10 0 E-8 5 Tabl e 1

Summar yo f Alternativ e Fuel s fo r whic h Ne w Commercia l Specification s ar e Bein g Propose d

Fue l Descriptio n
Nomina l 10 0 volum e percen t methano l Nomina l 8 5 volum e percen t methanol ; 1 5 volum e percen t gasolin e Nomina l 10 0 volum e percen t ethano l Nomina l 8 5 volum e percen t ethanol ; 1 5 volum e percen t gasolin e Natura l Ga s Compresse d Natura l Ga s Liquifie d Natura l Ga s Liquifie d Petroleu mGa s Hydroge n Nomina l 8 8 mol e percen t methan e Nomina l 8 8 mol e percen t methan e Nomina l 8 0 volum e percen t propan e Nomina l 9 8 mol e percen t hydroge n

Th e staf f 1 s als o proposin g t o amen d existin g fue l specification s fo r th e certificatio n o f moto r vehicle s usin g methanol , natura l gas , o r liquifie d petroleu m

gas . Thes e specification s ar e referre d t o a s certificatio n fue l specifications
. Certificatio n fue l specification s appl y t o fue l use d b ymoto r vehicl e manufacturer s whe n performin g moto r vehicl e emissio n testin g t o demonstrat e complianc e wit h emissio n standards. Th e propose d specification s woul d b e applicabl e beginnin g wit h th e 199 4 mode l yea r vehicles
.



### -2

-P. 9

2 . Wh y Hr>»s th e AR B nee dt o establis hspecification s fo r alternativ e 

### fuels ? I nSeptembe r 1990 , th e Boar dadopte dth e lo w emissio nvehicle/clea n fuel s regulation s t o reduc e emission s o f criteri a pollutant s an dtoxi c ai r contaminants . Thes e reduction s wil l assis t th e stat e an dloca l ai r pollutio ncontro l district s i ndemonstratin g progres s towar dth e attainmen t o f stat e an

dfedera l ambien t ai r qualit y standards . Th e nee dfo r emissio n reductions , an

dth e benefit s o f th e lo w emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s program , ar e discusse di nth e AR B Staf f Repor t entitle d"Propose d Regulation s fo r Low

Emissio nVehicle s an dClea nFuels, " date dAugus t 13 , 1990 . Commercia l fue l an dcertificatio nfue l specification s ar e necessar y t o ensur e tha t th e benefit s o f thi s program wil l b e achieved . Th e Divisio no f Measuremen t Standard s (DMS) , withi nth e Californi a Departmen t o f Foo dan dAgriculture , typicall y set s commercia l fue l specification s fo r us e inmoto r vehicles . Thes e commercia l fue l specification s ar e base do nspecification s approve db y th e America nSociet y fo r Testin g an

dMaterial s (ASTM) . Th e onl y alternativ e fue l fo r whic hAST M ha s issue da specificatio ni s liquifie dpetroleu m gas . Sinc e non e o f th e alternativ e fuel s liste dinthi s Staf f Repor t hav e bee nuse dextensivel y i n California , DM S ha s no t ye t adopte dcommercia l fue l specifications . Therefore , commercia l fue l specification s currentl y d o no t exis t I

n Californi a la

w fo r any

o f th e alternativ e fuel s identifie dinTabl e 1 above . Th e staf f believe s tha t ther e I s no w a nee dt o adop t commercia l fue l specification s fo r alternativ e fuel s t o ensur e tha t thes e mee t consisten t standard s fo r quality . Fuel s o f inferio r o r inconsisten t qualit y ma y caus e th e vehicle s t o operat e improperly , resultin g i nadvers e impact s onbot h publi c acceptanc e o f lo w emissio nvehicle s an demissions . W e expec t tha t a substantia l percentag e o f lo w emissio nvehicle s wil l b e designe da s fuel-flexibl e o r dual-fue l vehicle s operatin g o neithe r a n alternativ e fue l o r gasoline . However , unles s thes e vehicle s us e alternativ e fuels , th e ful l emissio nbenefit s from thes e vehicle s ma y

no t b e achieved . Therefore , th e staf f believe s tha t i t i s necessar y t o assur e th e qualit y o f commercia l alternativ e fuel s s o tha t operator s o f thes e vehicle s wil l b e encourage dt o purchas e th e alternativ e fuel . Th e staf f als o propose s amendments whic hwoul drevis e th e alternativ e fue l specification s currentl y establishe dfo r moto r vehicl e emissio n certificatio ntesting . Thes e certificatio nspecification s cove r M-10 0 fue l methanol , M-8 5 fue l methanol , compresse dan dliquifie dnatura l gas , an d liquifie dpetroleum

gas . Th e certificatio nspecification s ar e bein g revise d s o tha t the y

wil l b e consisten t wit hth e commercia l specifications . Certificatio nfue l specification s ar e no t bein g propose da t thi s tim e fo r E 10 0 fue l ethanol , E-8 5 fue l ethano l an dhydrogen , becaus e th e AR B doe s no t currentl y

hav e emissio ntes t procedure s fo r thes e fuels . Th e certificatio n fue l specification s ar e normall y Include di

nth e emissio ntes t procedur e documents .



### -3-P.1 0

3 . Wha t in

th e staf f proposin g fo r methanol ? Th e staf f i s proposin g commercia l an dcertificatio nspecification s fo r tw o type s o f methano l fuels : M-10 0 an dM-85 . Th e M-10 0 designatio nrefer s t o fue l tha t contain s nominall y 10 0 percen t methanol . Th e M-8 5 designatio n refer s t o fue l tha t I s nominall y 8 5 percen t methano l an d1 5 percen t gasoline . Th e propose dM-10 0 commercia l fue l specification s ar e base do nth e propose dAST M

specificatio nfo r methano l use dincompressio nignitio n engines . Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e minimu m methano l conten t b e 9 6 volum e percent . Th e staf f i s als o proposin g standard s fo r distillatio n range , othe r alcohol s an dethers , hydrocarbons , an dth e visibilit y

o f an y flame s (referre dt o a s flame luminosity) . Additiona l standard s ar e include d t o ensur e tha t th e fue l i s fre e o f contaminant s an dsuitabl e fo r us e a s a moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e M-10 0 fue l i s likel y t o b e use dinitiall y a s a replacemen t fo r diese l fue l 1nheavy-duty vehicles , andeventuall y a s a fue l fo r light-dut y

vehicles . Th e propose dspecification s fo r M-10 0 fue l ar e presente di

npropose dsectio n2292. 1 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e propose dcommercia l specification s fo r M-8 5 ar e base do nth e fue l specification s tha t hav e bee napprove da s th e interi m AST M specifications . Th e staf f 1 s proposin g tha t th e M-8 5 fue l contai na minimu m methano l conten t o f 8 5 volum e percen t an da nunleade dgasolin e conten t o f abou t 1 5 volume percent . Standard s ar e als o propose dfo r highe r alcohols , vapo r pressure , an dflam e luminosity . Additiona l standard s ar e Include d t o ensur e tha t th e fue l i s free

o f contaminant s an dsuitabl e fo r us e a s a moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e M-8 5 fue l 1 s currentl y use dinlight-dut y

vehicle s wit hspark-ignitio n (Otto-cycle ) engines . Th e propose dcommercia l specification s fo r M-8 5 fue l ar e presente dinpropose dsectio n2292. 2 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e staff' s propose dspecification s fo r M-10 0 an dM-8 5 certificatio n fuel s ar e identica l t o th e propose dcommercia l specification s fo r M-10 0 fue l an dM-8 5 fuel , respectively . However , th e certificatio ntes t procedure s allo w moto r vehicl e manufacturer s t o us e gasolin e tha t i s use dt o certif y gasoline-powere d moto r vehicle s a s th e blendin g gasolin e t o mee t th e 1 5 percen t requiremen t fo r M-8 5 fuel . Thi s optio ni s identifie dinth e thre e tes t procedure s reference db y Titl e 13 , CCR , whic hse t fort hth e vehicl e certificatio nprocedure s fo r ligh t an dmedium-dut y

vehicle s (Appendi xB) , heavy-dut y diese l engine s an

dvehicle s (Appendi xC) , an d heavy-dut y

otto-cycl e engine s an dvehicle s (Appendi xD) . 4 . Wha t i s th a staf f proposin g fo r ethanol ? Th e staf f i s proposin g commercia l specification s fo r two type s o f ethano l fuels : E-10 0 fue l an dE-8 5 fuel . Th e E-10 0 designatio nrefer s t o fue l tha t contain s nominall y 10 0 percen t ethanol . Th e E-8 5 designatio n refer s t o fue l tha t 1 s nominall y 8 5 volume percen t ethano l an d1 5 volume percen t unleade dgasoline .



### -4 --EJJ- ,

Ther e ha s no t bee na s muc hwor k don e i nth e are a o f fue l specification s fo r ethano l fuel s a s ther e ha s bee nwit hth e methano l fuels . Therefore , th e staf f base dth e propose dcommercia l fue l specification s onth e M-10 0 an dM 8 5 fue l specifications . I naddition , th e staf f ha s consulte dwit hAST M members , th e Californi a Renewabl e Fuel s Council , an dothe r intereste d parties , incorporatin g thei r comment s a s appropriate . Th e propose dcommercia l specification s fo r E-10 0 fue l ar e presente di n propose dsectio n2292. 3 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e propose dcommercia l specification s fo r E-8 5 fue l ar e presente di npropose dsectio n2292. 4 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e propose dE-10 0 andE-8 5 fue l specification s requir e th e us e o f denature dethanol . Thi s i s actuall y a federall y

mandate drequiremen t t o denatur e ethano l tha t wil l no t b e use di nalcoholi c beverages . Th e denaturan t give s th e alcoho l anunpleasan t odo r an dtast e and/o r increase s th e toxicit y

leve l substantiall y ove r th e toxicit y

o f th e bas e ethanol . Th e denature dfue l ethano l specificatio ni s base di nlarg e par t onth e AST M D 4806-8 8 specification . Th e denature dfue l ethano l specificatio nha s bee n incorporate dint o th e E-10 0 an dE-8 5 fue l specification s i nsection s 2292. 3 an d2292. 4 o f Titl e 13 , CCR , rathe r tha nbein g Include d a s a separat e specification . Th e staf f 1 s no t proposin g specification s fo r E-10 0 an dE-8 5 certificatio nfuel s a t thi s time sinc e n o correspondin g vehicl e certificatio nprocedure s exist . 5 . Wha t i s th a staf f proposin g fo r natura l gas ? Th e staf f I s proposin g commercia l an dcertificatio nspecification s fo r tw o type s o f natura l gas : compresse dnatura l ga s (CNG ) an dliquifie d natura l ga s (LNG) . Th e staf f expect s difference s infue l compositio n betwee nthes e tw o fuel s t o b e small . Therefore , th e staf f i s proposin g tha t CN GandLN

Gmee t th e sam e specification s fo r commercia l fue l and certificatio nfuel . Th e propose dCN

Gan dLN Gcommercia l specification s wer e develope di n consultatio nwit hth e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalitio n(whic h include s Pacifi c Ga s an dElectric , Souther nCaliforni a Gas , an dSa nDieg o Ga s an dElectric) , an

dothe r intereste dparties . Th e specification s includ e standard s fo r methan e conten t a t a minimu m o f 8 8 mol e percen t an dethan e conten t a t a maximum o f si xmol e percent . Additiona l standard s ar e include d t o ensur e tha t th e fue l i s fre e o f contaminant s an dsuitabl e fo r us e a s a moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e propose dmethan e conten t o f 8 8 mol e percen t ha s bee nse t t o reflec t surve y dat a o nga s suppl y

andemissio nresults . Th e surve y dat a demonstrat e tha t nearl y

al l o f th e natura l ga s utilitie s i nth e Unite dState s coul dmee t th e 8 8 mol e percen t specification . Th e availabl e emissio nresult s show



### -5 -P.1 2

negligibl e difference s 1nemission s I nth e rang e o f thes e specifications . Th e propose dCN

Gan dLN Gspecification s ar e se t fort hi npropose d sectio n2292. 5 o f Titl e 13 , CCR(Appendi xA) . Th e staf f i s proposin g t o amendth e existin g certificatio n specificatio nt o b e Identica l t o th e propose dcommercia l fue l specification . 6 . Wha t I s th a <t»f f proposin g fo r liquifie dpetroleu m oas ? Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e commercia l specification s fo r liquifie d petroleu m ga s contai nstandard s fo r propan e a t a minimum o f 8 0 volume percen t an

dpropen e a t a maximu m o f 1 0 volume percent . Additiona l standard s ar e include dt o ensur e tha t th e fue l i s fre e o f contaminant s an dsuitabl e fo r us e a s a moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e commercia l fue l specification s ar e th e same a s th e existin g AR B certificatio nspecifications , wit hon e exception . T o avoi deliminatin g a majo r portio no f refinery-produce dLPG>fro m th e market , th e staf f i s proposin g t o rais e th e propen e standar dfro m fiv e volum e percen t t o 1 0 volume percent . Hig hpropen e conten t fue l ma y increas e th e reactivit y o f vehicl e exhaus t andrefuelin g emissions , lowe r th e octan e rating , caus e othe r vehicl e durabilit y andperformanc e problems , an dpossibl y

indicat e th e presenc e o f othe r undesirabl e impurities . However , th e staf f believe s tha t th e te nvolum e percen t propen e limi t i s no t highenoug ht o caus e thes e problem s andha s determine dtha t thi s chang e wil l no t resul t i nany advers e impact s o nemission s o r vehicl e driveability . Th e propose dspecifications fo r liquifie dpetroleu m ga s ar e presente di npropose dsectio n2292. 6 o f Titl e 13 , CC R(Appendi xA) . Th e staf f 1 s proposin g t o amendth e existin g certificatio nfue l specification s t o be identica l t o th e propose dcommercia l fue l specifications . 7 . Wha t I s th a staf f proposin g fo r hydrogen ? Th e staf f 1 s proposin g tha t th e commercia l fue l specificatio nfo r hydroge nb e se t a t 9 8 mol e percen t hydrogen . Additiona l standard s ar e include dt o ensur e tha t th e fue l i s fre e o f contaminant s an dsuitabl e fo r us e a s a moto r vehicl e fuel . Th e propose dhydroge nspecification s ar e include di

nth e propose dsectio n2292. 7 o f Titl e 13 , CCR(Appendi xA) . Th e staf f i s no t proposin g specification s fo r hydroge ncertificatio n fue l a t thi s tim e sinc e n o correspondin g vehicl e certificatio nprocedure s exist . 8 . Wh y 1 s th a staf f proposin g tha t th e commercia l andcertificatio n specification s b a th a same ? Th e staf f believe s commercia l an dcertificatio nspecification s nee d t o b e th e same t o ensur e tha t certifie dmoto r vehicle s wil l perform th e same



### -6-P.1 3

durin g norma l us e a s the y di ddurin g certificatio ntesting ; consisten t performanc e i s necessar y t o ensur e tha t th e expecte dbenefit s ar e achieved . Th e staf f believe s tha t th e propose dspecification s ar e sufficientl y stringen t t o mee t moto r vehicl e manufacturer s need s fo r a certificatio nfue l tha t provide s consisten t testin g results , an dth e ARB' s need s fo r a commercia l fue l tha t canb e mad e readil y availabl e t o motorists . 9 . Whe nmus t fue l producer s compl y wit hth e propose dspecifications ? Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e alternativ e fuel s mus t compl y wit hth e liste dcommercia l specification s b y Januar y 1 , 1993 . Thi s dat e wil l provid e fue l producer s sufficien t lea dtime t o prepar e fo r th e distributio no f fuel s whic hca ncompl y

wit hth e specifications . Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e certificatio nfue l specification s appl y beginnin g wit hth e 199 4 mode l year . However , a vehicl e manufacture r tha t wishe s t o certif y

a 199 2 mode l yea r alternativ e fue l vehicl e usin g th e propose dspecification s ma y d o s o a s a

noption . Thi s dat e wil l provid e moto r vehicl e manufacturer s wit hsufficien t lea dtim e t o desig nfutur e moto r vehicle s t o us e th e specifie dalternativ e fuel . 10 . Ho w di dth a staf f addres s safet y issues ? Th e staf f ha s determine dtha t th e relativ e safet y o f th e alternativ e fuel s i s importan t inpromotin g th e us e o f th e fuels . Vapo r spac e flammabilit y

an dflam e visibilit y

associate dwit hth e methano l andethano l fuel s hav e emerge da s tw o safet y issues . Becaus e o f th e lowe r vapo r pressur e o f th e alcoho l fuels , highe r vapo r pressur e component s mus t b e present . A highe r vapo r pressur e i s necessar y s o tha t ignitio n1 s no t possibl e a t ambien t temperatures . I f a highe r vapo r pressur e canno t b e used , some othe r mechanis m mus t b e use dt o avoi d ignition . Th e unleade dgasolin e tha t wil l b e adde dt o bot hth e E-8 5 an dM 8 5 fuel s wil l increas e th e vapo r pressur e o f th e fue l an ddecreas e vapo r spac e flammability . Th e propose dspecification s wil l ensur e tha t enoug h gasolin e o r othe r vapo r pressur e increasin g components , o r both , ar e presen t inth e M-8 5 andE-8 5 fuel s t o serv e thes e purposes . I naddition , th e vapo r spac e flammabilit y

o f th e M-8 5 andE-8 5 fuel s wil l b e minimize db y incorporatin g a minimum Rei dvapo r pressur e limi t o f th e fina l blend . Vehicl e manufacturer s an dretrofitter s usin g M-10 0 andE-10 0 fuel s wil l hav e t o addres s th e proble m o f vapo r spac e flammability . Th e staf f believe s thes e problem s ca nb e solve dusin g improve dfue l storag e system technology . Thi s issu e i s no t directl y addresse db

y thes e regulations , bu t instea dfall s unde r th e purvie w

o f agencie s tha t certif y vehicl e safety . Methano l burn s withou t a visibl e flame . A s a result , a safet y hazar d i s create di f fire s ar e no t immediatel y noticed . Unleade dgasolin e adde dt o M-8 5 fue l wil l Increas e flam e visibilit y (luminosity) . M-10 0 wil l no t b e abl e t o rel y

ongasolin e fo r flam e luminosity . Therefore , fue l producer s



### -7 -P.1 4

an dvehicl e manufacturer s ar e i nth e proces s o f developin g additive s tha t coul db e adde dinsmal l quantitie s t o enhanc e flam e luminosity . Th e propose dspecification s requir e complianc e wit hth e flame luminosit y by Januar y 1 , 1994 . Th e M-10 0 Californi a flee t currentl y consist s onl y

o f heavy-dut y

vehicles , whic har e refuele dby experience ddrivers , o r flee t maintenanc e personnel . Thi s limit s th e threa t t o safet y pose db

y M-10 0 fue l fires . Th e staf f believe s tha t th e additiona l tim e i s neede dt o develo p acceptabl e flam e luminosit y additives . Ethano l fuel s hav e flame s tha t ar e sufficientl y visibl e s o tha t visibilit y

enhancin g additive s ar e no t required . 

### ll . Wha t are , th e cost s o f th e proposal ? Implementatio no f th e propose dregulation s coul dimpac t th e vehicl e an d fue l industries , a s wel l a s consumers . Th e overal l cost s o f usin g alternatively-fuele dvehicle s Inplac e o f gasoline-fuele dvehicle s wa s covere di

nth e Staf f Repor t fo r th e low-emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s regulations . Th e staf f expect s n o significan t impac t onth e cos t o f alternativ e fuel s t o resul t from th e implementatio no f th e propose d specifications . Th e staf f ha s determine dtha t smal l businesse s shoul dno t b e adversel y affecte db

y th e specification s sinc e no increas e i nth e cos t o f producin g th e fuel s i s anticipated . C . RECOMMENDATIO N Th e staf f recommend s tha t th e Boar damendo r adop t a s appropriat e th e followin g section s o f Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , an damen d th e specifie dtes t procedure s whic har e incorporate db y referenc e int o Titl e 13 . Th e propose dregulatio norde r i s include da s Appendice s A - D . o Sectio n1960.1 . - Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s - 198 1 andSubsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-Dut y Trucks , an

d Medium-Dut y

Vehicles . o Sectio n1956. 8 - Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s - 198 5 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy -Dut y Engine s an

dVehicles . o Sectio n229 0 - Definition s
o Sectio n229 1 - Basi c Prohibition s
o Sectio n2292. 1 - Specification s fo r M-10 0 Fue l Methano l
o Sectio n2292. 2 - Specification s fo r M-8 5 Fue l Methano l
o Sectio n2292. 3 - Specification s fo r E-10 0 Fue l Ethano l
o Sectio n2292. 4 - Specification s fo r E-8 5 Fue l Ethano l



### -8 -P.1 5

o Sectio n2292. 5 - Specification s fo r Compresse dan dLiquifie d Natura l Ga s
o Sectio n2292. 6 - Specification s fo r Liquifie dPetroleum Ga s
o Sectio n2292. 7 - Specification s fo r Hydroge n o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 8 andSubsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-dut y Trucks , andMedium dut y Vehicle s
o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 andSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y Diese l Engine s an

dVehicle s
o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 andSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y Otto-cycl e Engine s an dVehicle s



### -9-P.1 6

II . DISCUSSIO N

O F TH E PROPDSF D REGULATION S

A . OVERVIE W

O F TH E REGULATION S Th e staf f i s proposin g new regulation s whic hwoul destablis h specification s fo r certai nalternativ e fuel s sol d o r supplie dfo r us e i n moto r vehicle s (commercia l fue l specifications) . Th e regulation s fo r commercia l fue l specification s woul db e applicabl e Januar y 1 , 1993 . A

n alternativ e moto r vehicl e fue l i s define da s any fue l whic hi s commonl y o r commerciall y

knowno r sol da s on e o f th e following : M-10 0 fue l methanol , M 8 5 fue l methanol , E-10 0 fue l ethanol , E-8 5 fue l ethanol , compresse dan d liquifie dnatura l gas , liquifie dpetroleu m gas , o r hydrogen . Thes e regulation s woul db e Include d i na ne w propose dArticl e 3 , Subchapte r 5 , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , a s section s 2290 , 2291 , an d2292. 1 throug h2292.7 . Th e staf f 1 s als o proposin g t o amendth e alternativ e fue l specification s currentl y establishe dfo r moto r vehicl e emissio n certificatio ntestin g (certificatio nfue l specifications) . Thes e specification s cove r M-10 0 fue l methanol , M-8 5 fue l methanol , compresse d an d liquifie dnatura l gas , an dliquifie dpetroleu m gas . Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e certificatio nfue l specification s b e identica l t o th e propose d commercia l fue l specifications . Th e amende dspecification s woul dappl y startin g wit h199 4 mode l yea r vehicles . Thes e change s regardin g certificatio nfue l specification s woul db e effecte db

y amendment s t o section s 1960.l(k) , 1956.8(b) , an d1956.8(d ) i

n Articl e 1 , Chapte r 1 o f Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , an dth e followin g certificatio ntes t procedure s incorporate dby referenc e i nthes e sections :
o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s andTes t Procedures fo r 198 8 an dSubsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-dut y Trucks , an

dMedium dut y Vehicles ;

-10 -P.1 7

o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s andTes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y Diese l Engine s an

dVehicles ; an

d
o Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s andTes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y Otto-cycl e Engine s an dVehicles . Th e change s t o th e abov e thre e incorporate dprocedure s ar e relate dt o th e alternativ e fue l specification s use di nth e certificatio no f moto r vehicle s fo r sal e inCalifornia , an dt o alternativ e fue l specification s fo r mileag e accumulatio nvehicle s use db y vehicl e manufacturer s t o produc e durabilit y

data . Th e propose dregulatio norde r i s include da s Appendi xA fo r th e propose daddition s an dchange s t o Titl e 13 , an dAppendice s B , C , an dD fo r th e propose dchange s t o th e certificatio nprocedures . B . BASI C PROHIBITION S Th e propose damendment s t o Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , woul dprohibi t th e sale , offe r fo r sal e o r suppl y o f analternativ e fue l intende dfo r us e i

nmoto r vehicle s i

nCaliforni a unles s i t conform s wit hth e applicabl e commercia l specifications . Mos t o f th e fue l characterize din thi s repor t a s "alternativ e fuel " i s currentl y use dinapplication s othe r tha nmoto r vehicles . A quantit y

o f alternativ e fue l clearl y no t Intende d fo r us e inmoto r vehicle s woul dno t b e subjec t t o th e prohibitions . I n orde r t o hel passur e tha t fuel s likel y t o b e mad e availabl e t o motorist s wil l mee t th e specifications , th e regulation s woul dspecificall y identif y thre e instance s inwhic halternativ e fuel s wil l b e deemedt o b e Intende dfo r us e i nmoto r vehicles . Thes e Includ e al l instance s whe nth e alternativ e fue l i s store da t a facilit y whic hi s equippe danduse dt o dispens e tha t typ e o f fue l t o moto r vehicles , an dwhe nth e fue l i s delivere do r intende d fo r deliver y

t o suc ha facility . I nthes e two Instance s ther e i s a substantia l likelihoo dtha t th e fue l wil l b e mad e availabl e fo r us e i nmoto r vehicles , andi t i s therefor e appropriat e tha t th e selle r compl y wit hth e propose dspecifications . Th e thir dinstanc e involve s th e sal e o r suppl y o f alternativ e fue l t o a perso nengage dinth e distributio no f moto r vehicl e fuel s t o moto r vehicl e fuelin g facilities . However , inthi s situatio nth e perso nsellin g o r supplyin g th e fue l woul dno t b e subjec t t o th e requirement s upo na demonstratio ntha t th e perso nha s take nreasonabl y pruden t precaution s t o assur e tha t h e fue l wil l no t b e use da a moto r vehicl e fue l inCalifornia . T o hel passur e th e applicabilit y o f th e Healt handSafet y Cod e Sectio n 4301 6 "pe r vehicle " penalties , th e regulation s woul dprovid e tha t eac h retai l sal e o f alternativ e fue l fo r us e I na moto r vehicl e shal l als o b e deeme da sal e o r suppl y b y an y perso nwh o previousl y sol do r supplie dth e alternativ e fue l 1nviolatio no f th e standards . Thi s approac hi s simila r t o languag e insevera l othe r AR B moto r vehicl e fuel s regulations , Includin g Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , sectio n2261.5(a)(5) .

-11 -P.1 8

Beginnin g wit hth e 199 4 mode l yea r vehicles , moto r vehicl e manufacturer s mus t us e fue l meetin g th e propose dcertificatio n specification s whe nconductin g test s t o demonstrat e tha t moto r vehicle s compl y wit hCaliforni a emissio nstandards . C . PROPOSE D SPECIFICATION S FO R METHANO L Fo r methanol , th e staf f 1 s proposin g specification s fo r two type s o f fuels : M-10 0 fue l an d M-8 5 fuel . Th e staf f use s th e designatio nM-10 0 t o refe r t o fue l methano l tha t contain s nominall y 10 0 volum e percen t methanol . Th e M-8 5 designatio nrefer s t o fue l tha t i s nominall y 8 5 volum e percen t methano l an

d 1 5 percen t unleade dgasoline . 1 . M-lO

O Fua l Specification s Th e M-10 0 fue l methano l specification s presente di n Tabl e 2 , an

d include din th e propose dSectio n2292. 1 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) , ar e derive dfrom

th e draf t propose dAST M specificatio nfo r methano l fue l use di n compressio nignitio nengines . Th e AST M draf t propose dspecification s ar e include da s Appendi xE . Currently , M-10 0 fue l 1 s use dmostl y in heavy-dut y

application s i

n compressio nignition , o r converte dcompressio nIgnitio nengines , henc e th e specificatio ndesignatio nb y AST M fo r compressio nignitio nengines . FEV o f Americ a and other s ar e developin g light-dut y engine s whic hutiliz e M-10 0 a s a fuel . Th e applicatio nbein g develope db y FE V i s als o a converte d compressio nignitio nengine . Th e M-10 0 fue l specification s ar e intende dt o hav e enoug hflexibilit y t o appl y

t o heavy

and light-dut y

compressio n ignition , converte dcompressio nIgnition , an d spar k ignitio n(Otto-cycle ) engines . Th e 9 6 volum e percen t methano l specificatio nin th e AR B propose d specification s fo r M-10 0 fue l allow s les s pure , les s expensiv e methano l t o b e use din th e future . Th e impuritie s tha t ma y come from

th e fue l manufacture r includ e highe r alcohol s an d ethers . Th e impuritie s tha t ma y come from

th e distributio nsystem ma y includ e petroleum-relate dhydrocarbon s an dwater . I n addition , th e AR B ha s se t an acidit y specificatio no f 0.00 3 mas s percent , instea do f th e AST M liste dspecificatio no f 0.0 3 mas s percent . Th e acidit y

specificatio nwa s se t in orde r t o b e consisten t wit hth e M-8 5 fue l specification , an d ensur e a minimum

o f corrosiv e effect s fro m th e fuel . A majo r concer nfo r compressio nignitio nengine s i s ignitio n improvement . Method s fo r ignitio nimprovemen t includ e th e additio no f chemica l additive s t o Improv e ignition , o r th e conversio no f th e engin e from compressio nignitio nt o ho t surfac e ignition . A flam e luminosit y requiremen t ha s bee nadde dt o th e specificatio nfo r safet y purposes , whic h mus t b e me t by

Januar y 1 , 1994 . Thi s requiremen t wil l als o mea nth e introductio no f luminosity-enhancin g additive s int o th e fue l i n smal l quantities .

-12 -P.1 9

Th e M-10 0 specificatio n doe s no t directl yaddres s th e issu e o f vapo r spac e flammability
. Th e staf f expect s tha t vehicl e manufacturer s and retrofitter s wil l desig n fue l storag e system s t o preven t vapo r ignitio n i n th e fue l tank . Th e rational e fo r th e remainin g AST M M-10 0 specification s i s containe d i n th e appendi x t o th e AST M Draf t Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specificatio n 7/91- 1 Include d a s Appendi x E o f thi s staf f report .

•13

-P.2 0

Tabl e 2 Propose d Commercia l an d CertificationSpecification s fo r M-10 0 Fue l Methano l 

### Specificatio n Methano l Distillatio n
Othe r alcohol s an

d ether s Hydrocarbons , gasolin e o r diese l fue l derive d 9 6 vol . t (min. ) 4.0° C (range )

2 mas s t (max. )

2 mas s 1 (max. )

Luminosit y
Specifi c gravit y

0.79 2 ± 0 A 00 2 Tes t Metho d A s determine d b

y th e distillatio nrang e below AST M D 1078-86 . A t 95 Xb y volume distilled . Mus t includ e 64. 6 + 0. 1 C AST M D 4815-8 9

AST M D 4815-89 , an

d the n subtrac t concentratio no f alcohols , ether s an

d wate r fro

m 10 0 t o obtai n percen t hydrocarbon s Shal l produc e a luminou s flame throughou t th e entir e bur nduration . Applicabl e 1/1/94 . AST M D 891-8 9 Acidit y a s aceti c a d d Tota l chlorin e a s chlorid e Lea d Phosphoru s Sulfu r Gum , heptan e washe d Tota l particulate s Wate r Appearanc e a 20/20 u C 0.00 3 mas s t

(max. ) AST M

D 1613-8 5 0.000 2 mas s t (max . 2 mg/ 1 (max. ) 0. 2 mg/ l (max. ) 0.0 1 mas s t

(max. ) 5 mg/10 0 ml (max. ) 5 mg/ 1 (max. ) 0. 5 mas s t

(max. ) Fre e o f turbidity , suspende d matte r an d sedimen t )ASTM 0 2988-8 6 AST M D AST M D AST M D AST M D AST M D AST M E Visua l a t 2 ! 3237-9 0 3231-8 9 3120-8 7 381-8 6 2276-8 9 203-7 5 l y determine d 

### >° C b y Proc . A o f AST M D 4176-8 6

-14 -P.2 1

2 . H-P * *"*•

Specification s Th e propose dspecification s fo r M-8 5 fue l ar e include di nsectio n 2292. 2 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA ) an dar e presente dinTabl e 3 . Thes e fue l specification s ar e base donth e AST M M-8 5 fue l specification s fo r automotiv e spark-ignitio nengine s tha t hav e bee napprove da s th e interi m AST M specification s (Appendi xF) , an dCaliforni a Energ y

Commissio nspecification s whic hclosel y

resembl e th e AST M

specifications . Th e AST M specification s ar e classifie da s interi m i f ther e ha s no t bee nadequat e developmen t an d verificatio no f th e specification s an dassociate dtes t procedure s t o satisf y al l partie s i

nth e AST M

revie w process . Thi s proces s allow s th e specification s t o b e pu t i nplace , an

dadditiona l wor k t o b e performe dove r tim e t o verif y

o r correc t al l aspect s o f th e specifications . Th e primar y

differenc e betwee nM-10 0 fue l an dM-8 5 fue l i s i

nth e blendin g o f approximatel y 1 5 volume percen t gasolin e int o th e M-8 5 fuel . Th e gasolin e Improve s cold-startin g t o enhanc e driveabilit y b y raisin g th e vapo r pressure , a s represente db y th e Rei d vapo r pressur e (RVP) . Th e uppe r RVP limi t ha s bee nse t t o b e equivalen t t o th e gasolin e specificatio nan d addresse s evaporativ e emissions . A minimum RV P limi t ha s bee nadde d primaril y

t o addres s Industr y concern s abou t decrease ddriveabilit y a t lo w RVP . Th e gasolin e blende dint o th e M-8 5 fue l als o ha s safet y advantage s b

y increasin g flam e luminosit y an dlowerin g th e vapor spac e flammabilit y limi t i nth e fue l tank . Th e ARB' s propose dspecification s diffe r from th e AST M

specification s b y requirin g tha t th e blendin g hydrocarbo nb e commercia l unleade dgasolin e instea do f simpl y

hydrocarbons . Usin g commercia l unleade dgasolin e wil l hel pt o ensur e fue l consistency . Th e unleade dgasolin e requiremen t als o help s t o ensur e tha t AR B enforcemen t official s wil l no t b e face dwit h situation s wher e larg e stock s o f off-specificatio nunleade dgasolin e ar e claime dby

producer s o r importer s t o b e blendin g stoc k fo r alcoho l fuel s an d thu s delayin g enforcemen t action . Th e ARB' s propose dspecification s als o diffe r from

th e AST M

specification s b

y requirin g a heptan e washe dgu m specificatio ninstea do f a nonvolatil e matte r specification . Th e staf f i s proposin g th e heptan e washe dgu m specificatio nt o minimiz e potentia l interference s from

gasolin e additives . Th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio nha s propose dcertificatio n specification s fo r M-8 5 fue l (Appendi xG ) whic har e simila r t o th e certificatio nandcommercia l specification s currentl y propose db

y th e ARB . Th e majo r differenc e 1 s tha t th e specification s propose db y th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio nprovid e fo r th e us e o f chemica l grad e methanol . Du e t o th e highe r cos t o f chemica l grad e methanol , separat e commercia l an

dcertificatio nfuel s woul db e necessary . Th e staf f believe s tha t th e propose dM-8 5 fue l specification s wil l produc e a certificatio nfue l o f adequatel y

consisten t properties . Therefore , th e staf f di dno t includ e th e requiremen t fo r th e us e o f chemica l grad e methano l i nth e certificatio n fue l specifications .



### 15-P.2 2

On e o f th e moto r vehicl e manufacturer s ha s requeste da conductivit y specificatio no f 3 microSiemens/c m an da tightenin g o f th e chlorid e specificatio nfro m

0.000 2 mas s percen t t o 0.000 1 mas s percen t t o reduc e corrosio no f engin e components . I naddition , the y hav e requeste da tightenin g o f th e tota l particulate s specificatio nfro m 5 milligrams/lite r t o 0. 2 milligram/liter , fo r th e purpose s o f reducin g filte r plugging . Th e staf f i s no t proposin g t o adop t thes e recommendation s a t thi s tim e becaus e th e staf f ha s no t ha dsufficien t tim e t o revie w th e recommendations . Th e staf f wil l reconside r th e nee dt o incorporat e thes e specification s afte r furthe r analysis . Ther e ar e n o difference s betwee nth e propose dcommercia l an d certificatio nspecification s fo r M-8 5 fuel . However , th e certificatio ntes t procedure s allo w

moto r vehicl e manufacturer s th e optio no f usin g certificatio ngasolin e a s th e blendin g gasolin e fo r M-8 5 certificatio nfuel . Thi s optio ni s containe dinth e thre e certificatio ntes t procedure s reference dby

Titl e 13 , CCR , whic hse t fort hth e vehicl e certificatio n procedure s fo r ligh t an dmedium-dut y

vehicle s (Appendi xB) , heavy-dut y diese l engine s andvehicle s (Appendi xC) , an dheavy-dut y

otto-cycl e engine s andvehicle s (Appendi xD) .

-16 -Tabl e 3 Propose d Commercia l an d Certificatio nSpecification s fo r M-8 5 Fue l Methanol 

## constituen t Specificatio n Methano l Gasoline , Unleaded , 1 / Highe r alcohol s (C 2 - C8 ) Hydrocarbon s • aliphati c ether s

Vapo r pressure , dr y

Luminosit y
Acidit y a s aceti c aci d Tota l chlorin e a s chloride s

Lea d Phosphoru s Sulfu r Gum , heptan e washe d Tota l particulate s Wate r Appearanc e 8 5 vol . % (min. ) 14. 5 • . 5 vol . *

2 vol . % (max. ) 13-1 5 vol . i

Fina l blend mus t mee t vapo r pressur e requirement s fo r commercia l unleade d gasolin e o f th e are a inwhic hi t wil l b e sold , wit ha minimu m RVP o f 6. 5 ps i 

## Tes t Metho d Anne xA l t o th e AST M D- 2 Proposa l P-23 2 Mus t mee t loca l specification s fo r commercia l unleade d gasoline , excep t fo r RV P AST M D 4815-8 9 AST M D 4815-89 , an

d the n subtrac t concentratio no f alcohols , ether s an

d wate r from 10 0 t o obtai npercen t hydrocarbon s Method s containe d i

nTitl e 13 , Sectio n2262 , CCR , mus t b e used . AST M

D 4953-9 0 i s a

n alternativ e method , however , i ncas e o f disput e abou t th e vapo r pressure , th e valu e determine d by

th e method s containe d insectio n226 2 shal l prevai l ove r th e valu e calculate d by

AST M D 4953-90 , includin g it s precisio n statemen t Shal l produc e a luminou s flame throughou t th e entir e bur n duratio n 0.00 3 mas s t

(max. ) 0.000 2 mas s t

(max. )

0.00 2 g/ 1 (max. ) 0.000 2 g/ 1 (max. ) 0.01 5 mas s t

(max. ) 5 mg/10 0 m l (max. ) 5 mg/ l (max. ) 0. 5 mas s t

(max. ) Fre e o f turbidity , suspende d matte r and sedimen t AST M D 1613-8 5 AST M D 3120-8 7 modifie d fo r th e det . o f organi c chlorides , an

d AST M D 2988-8 6 AST M D 3237-9 0 AST M 0 3231-8 9 AST M D 3120-8 7 AST M D 381-8 6 AST M D 2276-8 9 AST M E 203-7 5 Visuall y determine d a t 25° C by Proc . A o f AST M D 4176-8 6

a. / Adjustmen t o f RVP mus t b e performe d usin g commo nblendin g component s fro m th e gasolin e stream . -17 -P.2 4

D . PROPOSE D SPECIFICATION S FORETHANO L 1 . Denature dEthano l Specificatio n Th e propose dE-10 0 an dE-8 5 fue l specification s requir e th e us e o f denature dethanol . Thi s 1 s actuall y a federall y

mandate drequiremen t t o denatur e ethano l tha t wil l no t b e use di nalcoholi c beverages . Th e denaturan t give s th e alcoho l anunpleasan t odo r an dtast e and/o r increase s th e toxicit y

leve l substantiall y ove r th e bas e ethano l toxicity . Ther e ar e severa l type s o f denature dethano l use d1 nindustry , whic h diffe r mostl y

i nth e type s an

damount s o f denaturant s used . Gasoline , methanol , andvariou s hydrocarbon s ar e ofte nuse dinamount s tha t ar e typicall y

from two t o fiv e part s denaturan t pe r hundre dpart s ethano l b y volume . Us e o f differen t type s o f denature dethano l migh t significantl y affec t th e driveab1lity/durab111t y o f th e vehicle , an

dpossibl y

hav e advers e emissio nimpacts . T o minimiz e possibl e advers e impact s from th e us e o f denaturants , th e staf f i s proposin g t o includ e th e ASTM D 4806-8 8 specificatio nfo r denature d alcoho l i

nbot hth e E-10 0 an

dE-8 5 fue l specifications . Th e AST M specificatio ni s entitle d"Standar dSpecificatio nfo r Denature dFue l Ethano l fo r Blendin g wit hGasoline s fo r Us e a s Automotiv e Spark-ignitio nEngin e Fuel, " an

di s include da s Appendi xH . Th e staf f 1s , however , proposin g th e followin g modification s t o th e ASTM method :
o limitin g th e typ e o f denaturan t t o unleade dgasoline ;
o narrowin g th e allowabl e rang e o f adde ddenaturan t t o fou r t o fiv e part s gasolin e t o 10 0 part s ethano l b y volume ;
o tightenin g th e chlorid e ionconten t specificatio nfrom 0.00 4 mas s percen t t o 0.000 4 mas s percent ;
o adjustin g th e coppe r conten t fro m 0.0 3 milligram s pe r lite r t o 0.0 7 milligram s pe r liter . Th e limitatio no nth e typ e an damoun t o f denaturan t use dcontribute s t o consistenc y

i nth e fina l blendan dlimit s possibl e problem s associate dwit h introducin g denaturant s wit hmarkedl y differen t propertie s int o th e fuel . Th e tighte r limi t onth e chlorid e io nconten t wil l minimiz e corrosio n problems . Th e coppe r conten t ha dbee ninitiall y se t incorrectl y

a t 0.0 3 milligram s pe r liter . Th e staf f ha s Incorporate d th e denature dfue l ethano l specification s int o th e E-10 0 andE-8 5 fue l specifications .

•18 -P.2 5

2 . F-tn

n Fue l Specification s E-10 0 fue l ha s no t bee nuse d extensivel y a s a fue l i

n th e Unite d States . Brazi l ha s a larg e amoun t o f experienc e wit hE-10 0 fuels . However , th e staf f ha s bee nunabl e t o acquir e useabl e dat a on standar d specification s fo r th e ethano l fuel . Therefore , th e propose d E-10 0 commercia l fue l specification s show

ni n Tabl e 4 , an

d include d i

n Sectio n2292. 3 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) , ar e base d o n th e propose d AR B M-10 0 fue l specification s an d th e AST M D 4806-8 8 specificatio nfo r denature d alcohol . Th e staf f ha s als o relie d on discussion s wit hrepresentative s o f th e ethano l industry , automobil e manufacturers , an d othe r Intereste d parties . Th e staf f 1 s proposin g a minimu m ethano l specificatio no f 9 2 volum e percent . Thi s specificatio nallow s fo r th e denaturant s an d fo r les s pure , les s expensiv e fue l ethano l in th e future , a s wel l a s accommodatin g some contaminatio nresultin g fro m distributio no f th e fuel . Th e impuritie s tha t ma y come fro

m th e fue l manufacture r includ e othe r alcohol s an d water . Th e impuritie s tha t ma y

come from

th e distributio nsystem ma y includ e petroleum relate d hydrocarbon s an d water . Th e propose d specification s als o includ e standard s fo r sulfur , phosphorus , lead , an d appearanc e tha t hav e bee ndirectl y carrie d ove r fro

m th e M-10 0 specifications . Th e water , chlorid e io ncontent , an

d acidit y specification s wer e derive d fro m th e AST M

D 4806-8 8 specification . Th e rational e fo r th e remainin g E-10 0 specification s i s derive d from th e appendi xt o th e AST M Draf t M-10 0 specification s 7/91-1 , Include d a s Appendi x E o f thi s staf f report , an d fro m th e AST M

D 4806-8 8 specification , include d a s Appendi xH . E-10 0 fuel s shar e some o f th e problem s o f M-10 0 fuel s relate d t o col d startin g (whe nuse d I nOtto-cycl e engines ) an d vapo r spac e flammability . Thes e problem s ar e no t addresse d by thes e specifications . Th e staf f believe s tha t any

vapo r spac e flammabilit y problem s can b e solve d b y fue l storag e system

technology . Flame luminosity , whic hi s a majo r concer n fo r methano l fuels , 1 s no t considere d a majo r problem fo r ethano l fuels . Moder ntechnique s allo w alcoho l t o b e produce d commonl y wit h. 1 percen t wate r o r less . Ethano l tha t ha s lo w wate r conten t i s referre d t o a s anhydron s ethanol . Alcoho l wit hles s tha n5 percen t wate r i s commonl y referre d t o a s anhydrou s ethanol . Fo r ethano l fuels , substantia l cos t benefit s ma y

b e possibl e by

th e us e o f ethano l containin g wate r (referre d t o a s hydrou s ethanol ) instea d o f anhydrou s ethanol . Althoug hther e ha s bee n some promisin g researc hdirecte d toward s th e us e o f hydrou s ethanol , mos t o f th e ethano l fue l developmen t wor k i n th e Unite d State s ha s concerne d anhydrou s fue l ethanol . Therefore , th e staf f i s only proposin g specification s fo r anhydrou s ethano l a t thi s time .

-19 -P.2 6

Tabl e 4 Propose dCommercia l Specification s fo r E-10 0 Fue l Ethano l Snecifleatio n Ethano l Denature dfue l ethano l Othe r alcohol s an

d ether s Hydrocarbons , gasolin e o r diese l fue l derive d

Acidit y a s aceti c ad d Tota l chlorin e a s chlorid e

Coppe r
Lea d Phosphoru s Sulfu r Gum , heptan e washe d Tota l particulate s Wate r conten t Appearanc e Valu e 9 2 vol . %

(min. ) 9 8 vol . %

(min. ) 2 mas s t (max. )
5 mas s %

(max. )

0.00 7 mas s t

(max. ) 0.000 4 mas s I

(max. )

0.0 7 mg/ 1 (max. )
2 mg/ 1 (max. ) 0. 2 mg/ 1 (max. ) 0.0 1 mas s 1 (max. ) 5 mg/10 0 m l (max. ) 5 mg/ 1 (max. ) 1.2 5 mas s t

(max. ) Fre e o f turbidity , suspende dmatte r an dsedimen t Tes t Metho d

AST M D 3545-9 0 

## a / AST M D 4815-8 9

AST M D 4815-89 , an

d the nsubtrac t concentratio no f alcohols , ether s an dwate r fro

m 10 0 t o obtai npercen t hydrocarbon s AST M D 1613-8 5 AST M D 3120-8 7 modifie dfo r th e det . o f organi c chlorides , an

d AST M D 2988-8 6 AST M D 1688-9 0 a s modifie di

nAST M D 4806-8 8 AST M D 3237-9 0 AST M 0 3231-8 9 AST M D 3120-8 7 AST M 0 381-8 6 AST M D 2276-8 9 AST M E 203-75 Visuall y determine d a t 25° C b

y Proc . A o f AST M D 4176-8 6

a. / Mus t mee t th e AST M D 4806-8 8 specificatio nfo r denature dfue l ethanol , excep t th e denaturan t mus t be representativ e o f unleade dgasolin e tha t i s commerciall y

availabl e blende dat a maximu m o f 4 t o 5 part s gasolin e t o 10 0 part s b

y volum e fue l ethano l (includin g water ) t o form th e denature dfue l ethanol . Th e fina l blendspecification s fo r E-10 0 fue l tak e precedenc e ove r th e AST M D 4806-8 8 specification .

.20 -P.2 7

3 . f-flf f Fue l Specification s Th e E-8 5 fue l ha s no t bee nuse dextensivel y a s a fue l inth e Unite d States . Therefore , th e staf f ha s develope dth e specification s usin g th e propose dspecification s fo r M-8 5 fue l an ddiscussion s wit hmember s o f variou s AST M

committees , th e Californi a Renewabl e Fuel s Council , an dothe r intereste dparties . Th e propose dE-8 5 fue l specification s ar e liste di nTabl e 5 , an

d include d1

nSectio n2292. 4 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e propose d 8 1 percen t ethano l requiremen t woul db e a rigi dspecification , whil e th e gasolin e fractio nwoul db e base dupo nmeetin g th e loca l commerciall y availabl e unleade dgasolin e specifications , wit hth e exceptio no f th e RV P specifications . Th e overal l blendwoul db e require dt o mee t th e vapo r pressur e requirement s o f gasolin e inth e are a i nwhic hi t i s t o b e sold . Becaus e o f th e proble m o f butan e los s du e t o weathering , butan e i s no t require dt o be use da s th e vapo r pressur e adjustin g component . A lowe r limi t o nRVP ha s bee nadde dt o avoi dpotentia l driveabilit y problem s andt o minimiz e problem s o f vapo r spac e flammability : Th e propose dE-8 5 fue l specification s includ e standard s fo r gum , sulfur , phosphorus , lead , andappearanc e tha t hav e bee ndirectl y carrie d ove r from

th e M-8 5 fue l specifications . Th e water , chlorin e a s chloride , an dacidit y

specification s wer e derive dfro m th e AST M

D 4806-8 8 (Appendi xH ) specification . Th e RV P requiremen t fo r E-8 5 fue l shoul dbe th e sam e a s tha t fo r M-8 5 fue l andgasoline . Th e staf f I s no t proposin g specification s fo r E-10 0 o r E-8 5 certificatio nfuel s a t thi s tim e sinc e n o correspondin g vehicl e certificatio nprocedure s exist .

-21 -Tabl e 5 Propose d Commercia l Specification s fo r E-8 5 Fue l Ethano l Specificatio n Ethano l Denature d fue l ethano l Othe r alcohol s Gasoline , unleade d Hydrocarbon s • aliphati c ether s Valu e

8 1 vol . t

(min. ) 8 5 vol . i

(min. ) 2 vol . 1 (max. ) 14. 5 • . 5 vol . t 13-1 9 vol . t Tes t Metho d AST M D 3545-9 0 A / AST M D 4815-8 9 

## V AST M D 4815-8 9

Vapo r pressure , dr y

Acidit y Tota l chlorin e a s chlorid e

Coppe r Lea d Phosphoru s Sulfu r Gum , heptan e washe d Tota l Particulate s Wate r Appearanc e Fina l blend mus t mee t vapo r pressur e requirement s fo r commercia l unleade d gasolin e o f th e are a 1 nwhic hi t wil l b e sold , wit ha minimu

m RVP o f 6. 5 ps i

0.00 7 mas s t

(max. ) 0.000 4 mas s 1 (max. )

0.0 7 mg/ 1 (max. ) 0.00 2 g/ 1 (max. ) 0.000 2 g/ 1 (max. ) 0.01 5 mas s I

(max. ) 5 mg/10 0 ml (max. ) 5 mg/ l (max. ) 1.2 5 mas s I

(max. ) Fre e o f turbidity , suspende d matte r an d sedimen t subtrac t concentratio no f alcohols , ether s an

d wate r fro m 10 0 t o obtai npercen t hydrocarbons . Th e denaturan t i s include d i

nthi s percentag e Method s containe d inTitl e 13 , Sectio n2262 , CCR , mus t b e used . AST M

0 4953-9 0 1 s a

n alternativ e method . However , i ncas e o f disput e abou t th e vapo r pressure , th e valu e determine d b

y th e method s containe d 1

nTitl e 13 , sectio n226 2 shal l prevai l ove r th e valu e calculate d b y AST M D 4953-90 , Includin g it s precisio nstatemen t AST M D 1613-8 5 AST M D 3120-8 7 modifie d th e det . o f organi c chlorides , an

d AST M D 2988-8 6 

### fo

r

AST M D 1688-9 0 a s modifie d i n AST M D 4806-8 8 AST M D 3237-9 0 AST M D 3231-8 9 AST M D 3120-8 7 AST M D 381-8 6 AST M D 2276-8 9 AST M E 203-7 5 Visuall y determine d a t 2 5 C b y proc . A

o f AST M D 4176-8 6

-22 -P.2 9

i / Mus t mee t th e AST M D 4806-8 8 specificatio nfo r denature dfue l ethanol , excep t th e denaturan t mus t b e commerciall y availabl e unleade dgasoline , whic h1 s the nblende di na rang e o f 4 t o 5 part s gasolin e t o 10 0 part s b y volum e fue l ethano l (includin g water ) t o form th e denature dfue l ethanol . Th e fina l blendspecification s fo r E-8 5 fue l tak e precedenc e ove r th e AST M

D 4806-8 8 specifications . b y Th e denaturan t fo r th e denature dfue l ethano l i s no t include da s a par t o f thi s percentage , bu t i s include da s a par t o f th e tota l blendvolum e fo r percen t calculation . Th e gasolin e specifie dher e (no t denaturant ) mus t mee t loca l specification s fo r commercia l unleade dgasoline , excep t fo r RVP . Th e adjustmen t o f RVP mus t b e performe dusin g commo nblendin g component s fro

m th e gasolin e stream .

E . PROPOSE D SPECIFICATION S FORNATURA L GA S Th e staff i s proposin g specification s fo r compresse dnatura l ga s (CNG ) an dliquifie dnatura l ga s (LNG) . Compresse dnatura l ga s differ s fro m LN Gi n th e manne r i

nwhic hth e natura l ga s i s transporte dan dstored ; CN

Gi s typicall y

transporte dan

dstore da t highpressure s an dambien t temperatures , wherea s LN

GI s transporte dan

dstore da t lowe r pressure s an dtemperatures . Th e staf f expect s difference s i nfue l compositio nbetwee nthes e two fuel s t o b e small , and1 s proposin g th e same specification s b e se t fo r bot hCN Gan d LNG . Th e staf f 1 s als o proposin g tha t th e commercia l an dcertificatio n specification s b e th e same . Natura l ga s normall y contain s methan e a s th e predominan t species , alon g wit hsmal l amount s o f ethane , propane , butane , nitrogen , water , carbo n dioxide , an

dother compound s (L1ss , 1991) . Natura l ga s compositio ncanb e variable , and1 s processe dwhe nnecessar y t o remov e hydroge nsulfide , water , iner t gases , an

dheavie r hydrocarbons . Th e propose dspecification s ar e liste di nTabl e 6 , an

dinclude di

nth e commercia l CN

Gan dLN Gspecification s se t fort hi npropose dsectio n2292. 5 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) . Th e propose dspecification s ar e base donth e certificatio nfue l specification s tha t ar e alread y a par t o f th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y

Diesel-Engine s an

dVehicle s (Appendi xC ) an dth e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y

Otto-cycl e Engine s an dVehicle s (Appendi xD) . I ndevelopin g thes e specifications , th e staf f ha s als o relie dupo ncomment s provide db y th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalition , moto r vehicl e manufacturers , an dothe r intereste dparties . Th e staff 1 s proposin g severa l change s t o th e th e existin g AR B specifications . Th e value s i nth e propose dregulation s ar e liste da s mol e percent , rathe r tha npercen t o f organi c carbon , th e Wobb e numbe r specificatio nha s bee ndropped , an dspecification s fo r iner t compound s hav e bee nadded . I naddition , th e specification s fo r wate r an dparticulat e matte r hav e bee nmad e mor e enforceabl e b y settin g quantifiabl e limits .

-23 -P.3 0



### Tabl e 6 Propose dCommercia l an d Certificatio nSpecification s fo r Compresse dan

d Liquifie dNatura l Ga s Specificatio n Hydrocarbon s (expresse d a s Methan e Ethan e C , an d highe r H

C Cg an d highe r HC Othe r specie s (expresse d as Hydroge n Carbo nmonoxid e Oxyge n Iner t gase s Su m o f CO . an

d N 9 Wate r c

c Particulat e matte r Valu e mol e percent ) 88.O t (min. ) 6.0 1 (max. ) 3.0 f (max. ) 0.2 * (max. ) mol e percen t unles s 0.l t (max. ) 0.1 1 (max. ) 0.5 1 (max. ) 5.0 1 (max. ) 

### A / 

## y Tes t Metho d

AST M D 1945-8 1 AST M D 1945-8 1 AST M D 1945-8 1 AST M D 1945-8 1 otherwis e indicated ) AST M D 2650-8 8 AST M D 2650-8 8 AST M D 1945-8 1 AST M D 1945-8 1



### a. / Th e dewpoin t a t vehicl e fue l storag e containe r pressur e shal l b e a t leas t 1 0 F below

th e 99.0 1 winte r desig ntemperatur e liste di n Chapte r 24 , Tabl e 1 , Climati c Condition s fo r th e Unite dStates , i n th e America n Societ y o f Heating , Refrigeratin g an d Ai r Conditionin g Engineer' s (ASHRAE ) Handbook , 198 9 fundamental s volume . Testin g fo r wate r vapo r shal l b e in accordanc e wit hAST M 0 1142-90 , utilizin g th e Burea uo f Mine s apparatus . b / Th e compresse do r liquifie dnatura l ga s shal l no t contai ndust , sand , dirt , gums , oils , o r othe r substance s in an amoun t sufficien t t o b e Injuriou s t o th e fuelin g statio nequipmen t o r th e vehicl e bein g fueled .

•24 -P.3 1

1 . represse dNatura l Ga s Compresse dnatura l ga s i s transporte dprimaril y inpipeline s ona continuou s basis . Since natura l ga s us e i nmoto r vehicle s wil l initiall y be a ver y smal l fractio no f th e tota l natura l ga s utilize dinCalifornia , th e specification s fo r th e pipelin e ga s ar e importan t t o review . Fo r natura l ga s t o b e feasibl e i nth e nea r future , th e specification s fo r th e curren t suppl y nee dt o b e acceptabl e fo r vehicl e use . Fortunately , th e natura l ga s supplie s from th e thre e majo r natura l ga s companie s i n Californi a ar e fairl y uniform . Table s 7 , 8 , an d9 show

th e qualit y

o f th e pipelin e ga s fo r Pacifi c Ga s an dElectric , Sa nDieg o Ga s an dElectric , an

d Souther nCaliforni a Gas , respectively . A s show ni nthes e tables , th e methan e conten t 1 s typicall y greate r tha n9 0 percent . Moto r vehicle s usin g CN Gma y b e drive ninothe r region s o f th e country . Sinc e vehicl e manufacturer s woul db e mor e likel y t o manufacture r CNG vehicle s 1 f the y

coul db e sol dan

duse danywher e i

nth e Unite dStates , th e staf f believe s tha t th e AR B specification s shoul db e consisten t wit h specification s fo r natura l ga s availabl e i nth e res t o f th e Unite dStates . Tabl e 1 0 present s th e result s o f a study , sponsore db y th e Ga s Researc h Institute , o nvariation s innatura l ga s compositio nthroughou t th e Unite d State s (Liss , 1991) . Th e dat a wer e collecte dI nte nmajo r citie s throughou t th e Unite dStates , includin g California . Th e referenc e o nth e tabl e t o propane/ai r peakshavln g relate s t o a practic e by

som e utilitie s t o Injec t propan e an dai r int o thei r system s durin g time s whe nthes e area s experienc e problem s meetin g deman dfo r natura l gas . Th e peakshavln g ca nals o b e accomplishe dwit hliquifie dnatura l gas . Therefore , th e staf f ha s determine dtha t th e effect s o f propane/ai r peakshavln g shoul dno t b e include di nth e analysis . Th e citie s withou t peakshavln g ca nb e see nt o hav e methan e content s a s lo w a s 7 4 mol e percent , an dethan e content s a s hig ha s 14. 7 mol e percent . However , th e mea nvalue s o f 93. 2 mol e percen t methane , 3. 6 mol e percen t ethane , an dth e 0. 8 mol e percen t propan e a s wel l a s th e iner t gase s (C0 2 • N2 ) a t 2. 7 mol e percent , al l fal l withi nth e specifications , a s d o th e tent han dnintiet h percentiles . Clearly , a t leas t fo r th e no npropane-ai r peak-shavin g cities , th e specification s a s propose dd o no t pos e an y majo r problems . Th e staf f expect s tha t certai nsupplier s o f natura l ga s i nothe r state s ma y

hav e some difficult y

meetin g th e specifications , bu t i t i s no t unreasonabl e t o expec t tha t the y

woul db e abl e t o mak e th e adjustment s require dt o mee t them . Fo r example , liquifie dnatura l ga s ca nb e use dfo r peak-shaving , rathe r tha n propane , a s i s alread y don e i nsome locations .

-25 -Tabl e 7

Qa s Compositio n Standard Deviation s Pacifi c Qa

s & Electri c Compan y

COMPONEN T

i r o
' CARBO N DIOXID E NITROGE N METHAN E ETHAN E PROPAN E 1 BUTAN E N-BUTAN E IPENTAN E NPENTAN E HEXANES-t

Tota l CAUFORNI A PRODUCER S
AVERAQ E (mol% )
.15 1 5.79 5 91.87 1 1.31 9 .50 5 .09 7 .11 6 .04 5 .04 1 .06 0 100.00 0 ST D DEV



### (+/)
.16 3 5 55 8 6.13 2 2.08 6 .93 2 .13 0 .20 8 .05 4 .04 4 .08 2 OUT-OF-STAT E PRODUCERS
AVERAQ E (mo)% )
.79 2 1.035 94.58 5 2.94 0 .51 8 .05 2 .02 8 .02 0 .01 2 <029

_ 100.00 0 ST D DE V (47 )
.42 0 .07 5 1.98 5 1.190 .374 .03 1 .02 8 .00 6 .00 4 .00 0 SYSTEM-WID E
AVERAQ E (mol% )
.66 2 1.97 5 94.04 0 261 4 .51 3 .05 9 .08 2 .02 3 .01 5 

### £0*. 100.00 0 ST D DE V 

### (+/• )
.36 9 1.17 2 2.81 4 1.369 .48 6 .05 1 .06 4 .01 6 .01 2 .01 6

NOTES : 1 . Thi s dat a I s base d o n 198 9 annua l natura l gas deliverie s Int o th e PQ& E ga s system . 2 . Californi a producer

s represen t 20 % o

f tota l natura l gas deliverie s Into th e PG& E system . 3 . Out-of-stat

e producer

s represen t 80 % o

f tota l natura l gas deliverie s Into th e PQ& E system . (Provide d t o th e AR B b y th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalition )Tabl e 8

Ga s Compositio n Standar

d Deviation s Sa n Dieg o Ga s ari d Electri c

COMPONENT MISSIO N OCEANSID E SYSTEM-WID E

i IV ) I METHAN E ETHAN E C 3 C B


# mm Tota l AVERAQ E ftnol*)
93.53 3 3.06 1 0.72 3 0.05 1


### £& 2 100.00 0 STD DE V I+/- 1
025 3 0.178 0.070 0.00 4

0.14 7 AVERAG E

fmott M
9243 2 3.42 1 1.19 3 0.09 6

285 Q 00.00 0 ST D DE V 

### (+/- )
0.60 0 0.193 0.16 0 0.01 4

0.33 0 AVERAQ E fmol% i
9301 9 3.23 1 0.94 2 0.07 2


# zm 100.00 0 ST D DE V (+/•)
0.37 1 0.14 2 0.10 6 .01 0

0.22 2

NOTES : 1 . Thi s dat a I s base d o n Jun e 1 , to Jul y 19 , 199 1 natura l ga s deliverie s Int o th e SDG& E ga s system . 2 Som e o

f th e ga s deliveries Int

o th e SDG& E syste m ar a transported throug h th e SoCa l ga s system , an d som e are delivered directl y b y out-of-stat

e transporters . Exac

t quantitie

s fro m eac h sourc

e wer e no t availabl e fo r thi s data . (Provide d t o th e AR B b y th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Vehicl e Coalition )Tabl e 9
Gas Compositio n Standard Deviation s Souther n Californi a Gas Company

COMPONEN T-28- CARBO N DIOXID E NITROGE N METHAN E ETHAN E PROPAN E IBUTAN E N BUTAN E 1PENTAN E N-PENTAN E HEXANES + Tota l CAUFORNI A PRODUCER S

AVERAG E (mol% )
1.68 0.7 6 90.6 4 4.4 8 1.6 6 0.2 0 03 7 0.0 8 0.0 6 0.0 7 100.0 0 ST D DE V 

### (+/- )
1.3 1 1.2 4 6.4 1 3.3 9 1.57 0.2 6 0.5 5 0.1 3 0.1 0 0 1 2 OUT-OF-STAT E PRODUCER S

AVERAG E (mo l %)
0.7 3 2.1 2 91.7 7 4.0 9 0.8 6 0 0 9 0.1 6 0.0 5 0.0 4 0.0 9 100.0 0 ST D DE V 

### (+/- )
0.2 8 0.6 7 1.2 0 0.4 3 0.2 6 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.02 0 0 2 0.05 SYSTE M WID E

AVERAG E (mol% )
0.8 2 1.98 91.6 5 4.1 3 0 9 5 0.1 0 0.1 9 0.0 5 0.0 4 0.0 9 100.0 0 ST D DE V 

### (+/ )
0.5 8 0.8 5 2.3 7 1.1 6 0.6 1 0.1 0 0 2 0 0.0 5 0.04 00 6

NOTES : 1 . Thi s dat a to base d o n Jun e 199 0 natura l ga s deliverie s Int o th e SoCa l gas system . 2 . Californi a producer

s represent 10% o

f tota l natura l ga

s deliverie

s Int o th e SoCa l gas system . 3 . Out-of-stat

e producer

s represen t 90 % o

f tota l natura l ga

s deHverle

s Int o th e SoCa l ga s system .
(Provide d t o th e AR B b y th e Californi a Natura l Ga s Veliicl e Coalition )P.3 5

Tabl e 1 0

Weighte d Nationa

l Statistic s Fo rNatura

l Ga s I n Ten MajorUrba

n Areas Of

Th e U.S . Wit

h an d WithoutPropane/Ai rPeaksharin g

Methan e (Mole S ) Ethan e (Mol e %) Propan e (Mole %) C4 + (Mole St

) CO , + N , (Mole * ) Heatin g Valu e (MJ/m> ) Heatin g Valu e (BTU/tcf

) Specifi c Gravit y Wobb e Numbe r(MJ/m*) Wobb e Numbe r Air/Fue l Rati o (Mass) Mea

n 93. 2 3. 6 0. 8 0. 5 2. 7 38.6 4 103 7 0.60 3 49.8 5 1338 16. 3 Minimi ! Wit h P/ A 55. 8 0. 7 0. 0 0. 0 0. 1 36.1 4 97 0 0.56 6 44.6 4 119 8 12. 7 Minimu

m W/ O P/ A 74. 0 0.7 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 1 36.1 4 97 0 0.56 6 44.6 4 119 8 13. 6 Maximu

m Wit h P/ A 98. 1 14. 7 23. 7 2. 1 15. 1 45.0 1 1208 0.88 3 52.2 4 1402 17. 1 Maximu

m W/ O P/ A 98. 1 14. 7 2. 4 2. 1 10. 0 42.1 0 1130 0.69 5 52.2 4 1402 17. 1 1

0 t h *-Tii e 88. 5 1.8 0. 3 0. 1 1.0 38.1 2 102 3 0.57 8 48.8 9 131 2 15. 7 90 t

h %-Til e 96. 4 5. 0 1. 3 0. 6 4. 7 39.1 2 105 0 0.62 8 50.5 6 .135 7 16. 8 (Liss , 1991 )

-29 -P.3 6

Th e Southwes t Researc hInstitut e ha s conducte dpreliminar y studie s o

na singl e cylinde r engin e tha t indicat e tha t natura l ga s fue l composition s varyin g withi nth e rang e o f th e propose dspecification s d o no t hav e a majo r effec t o ncriteri a pollutan t emissio nlevel s (Ryan , 1990) . Highethan e an

dpropan e conten t i

nnatura l ga s ca ncaus e lowe r knoc k limite dcompressio nratios , an deve nengin e damage . Therefore , th e staf f ha s limite dth e concentration s o f thes e component s i nth e propose d specificatio nfo r natura l gas . Th e staf f ha s als o limite dth e concentration s o f highe r hydrocarbon s du e t o thei r tendenc y t o increas e reactivity , an

ddu e t o concern s abou t hydrocarbo ndewpoint . Ther e i s a possibilit y

o f highe r hydrocarbon s condensin g ou t o f th e compresse dga s a t th e poin t wher e th e highpressur e ga s leave s th e regulato r an dth e temperatur e o f th e ga s decrease s abruptly . I f thi s occurs , ther e ma y b e som e los s i

nfue l meterin g control . Th e iner t ga s specification s hav e bee nadde ddu e t o th e effect s on combustio nan

dvehicl e performance . Th e wate r specificatio nwa s se t a t a leve l tha t shoul dhel pavoi dcorrosio no f stee l storag e tank s du e t o lo w temperatur e (approximatel y OF ) an

dhighpressur e (approximatel y 400 0 psi) . Th e Nationa l Fir e Protectio nAssociatio n(NFPA ) 5 2 document , inAppendi xA 1-4. 7 (o f th e NFP A

document ) note s tha t i f wate r conten t ha s bee nlimited , th e othe r potentiall y corrosiv e component s d o no t pos e a majo r proble m (NFPA , 1988) . Th e particulat e matte r specificatio nI s intende dt o avoi d engin e damage , includin g pluggin g o f th e fue l deliver y system . 2 . Llaulfle d Natura l fias Th e LN 6 specification s woul db e se t th e same a s th e CN Gspecifications . Th e staf f assume s tha t th e LN Gwoul db e produce dfrom th e same source s a s th e CNG . Lis s (1991 ) note dtha t th e difference s betweenmos t CN Gan dmos t LN Gcomposition s relat e t o th e extremel y lo w level s o f carbo ndioxide , nitrogen , an

dwater , alon g wit hheavie r molecula r weigh t hydrocarbon s i nLN G a s compare dt o CNG . However , th e staf f doe s no t expec t thes e difference s t o b e significant .

-30 -P.3 7

F . PROPOSE D SPECIFICATION S FORLIQUIFIE D PETROLEUM GA S Th e propose dspecification s fo r liquifie dpetroleu m ga s (LPG ) presente d i nTabl e 11 , an

dinclude di

nth e propose dSectio n2292. 6 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi xA) , ar e base do nth e special-dut y propan e specification s containe d i nth e AST M

D 1835-8 9 Standar dSpecificatio nfo r Liquifie dPetroleum Gase s include da s Appendi xI o f thi s report . Special-dut y propan e i s a relativel y consisten t fue l whos e fue l compositio nrationalizatio ni s covere di nth e appendi xt o AST M

0 1835-89 . Th e staf f i s proposin g tha t th e commercia l fue l an dcertificatio nfue l specification s b e th e same . Th e staf f i s proposin g t o includ e a minimu m propan e conten t o f 80. 0 volume percen t inth e propose dspecifications , whic hi s no t include di n th e AST M D 1835-8 9 special-duty propan e specifications . Th e staf f believe s tha t a minimu

m specificatio ni s necessar y t o ensur e consisten t fue l quality . Th e propose dAR B specification s fo r LPGals o diffe r fro m th e AST M 0 1835-8 9 specification s fo r special-dut y propan e i

ntha t th e staf f 1 s proposin g tha t th e maximu m propen e conten t b e raise dfrom fiv e volum e percen t i

nth e AST M

specification s t o te npercen t fo r th e AR B propose d specifications . Th e propen e conten t o f LPGi s a concer nwit hrespec t t o it s high reactivity , it s tendenc y t o lowe r th e knoc k limite dcompressio nratio , and it s impac t o nothe r durabilit y an ddriveabilit y

problems . Mos t o f th e researc ho nth e driveabilit y an dvehicl e durabilit y effect s o f varyin g LP G fue l composition s wa s performe dinth e earl y 1960's . On e o f th e studie s include ddetaile dInformatio no nth e effect s o f differen t propen e level s indicatin g that , eve nfo r severe-dut y engines , variation s wer e no t tha t pronounce dinth e fiv e volum e percen t t o te nvolum e percen t propen e rang e (Browe r e t al , 1962) . Limitin g th e propen e conten t t o fiv e volum e percen t a s i s don e i nth e AST M 0 1835-8 9 specification s coul dexclud e a nestimate d5 0 percen t o f th e Californi a refinery-produce d LP Gfrom th e vehicl e fue l marketplac e (Moyer , 1991) . Refinery-produce dLP Gha s bee nestimate dt o accoun t fo r approximatel y

6 0 percen t o f th e curren t LPGsuppl y i nCaliforni a (Gawronskl , 1991) . Therefore , limitin g th e propen e t o fiv e volum e percen t coul dresul t i na nestimate d3 0 percen t o f th e currentl y availabl e LPGbein g exclude d from th e Californi a moto r vehicl e fue l market . Thi s coul d possibl y leadt o highe r prices , anddecrease dmoto r vehicl e fue l availability . Fo r thes e reasons , an

dth e fac t tha t ther e i s n o compellin g evidenc e tha t raisin g th e propen e specificatio nt o te nvolum e percen t woul dhav e majo r emission s o r vehicl e dr1ve«bjl1t y o r durabilit y

effects , th e staf f 1 s proposin g t o includ e a prepen f specificatio no f te nvolume percent . A t thi s level , th e staf f estimate s tha t 1 2 percen t o f th e Californi a refinery-produce dLP Gor seve npercent,o f currentl y availabl e LP Gwoul dbe exclude dfro m th e Californi a moto r vehicl e fue l marketplac e (Moyer , 1991) .

-31 -P.3 8

Tabl e 1 1 Propose d Commercia l an d Certificatio nSpecification s fo r Liquifie d Petroleu m Ga s Specificatio nValu e Tes t Metho d Propan e 80. 0 vol . % (min. ) AST M

0 2163-8 7 Vapor„pressur e a t 100 ° F 20 8 psi g (max. ) AST M 0 1267-8 9 o r AST M D 2598-8 8 a / Volatilit y

residue : evaporate d temp. , 95 * -37° F (max. ) AST M D 1837-8 6 o r butan e & heavie r 2. 5 vol . 1 (max. ) AST M

D 2163-8 7 Propen e 10. 0 vol . t (max. ) AST M

J ) 2163-8 7 Residua l matter : ~ residu e o nevap . o f 10 0 m l 0.0 5 m l (max. ) AST M D 2158-8 9 oi l stai nobserv . pas s AST M 0 2158-8 9 Corrosion , copper , stri p No . 1 (max. ) AST M 0 1838-8 9 Sulfu r 12 3 ppm w (max. ) AST M

D 2784-8 9 Moistur e conten t pas s AST M 0 2713-8 6
i / I ncas e o f disput e abou t th e vapo r pressur e o f a product , th e valu e actuall y

determine d b

y Tes t Metho d AST M

D 1267-8 9 shal l prevai l ove r th e valu e calculate d b

y Practic e AST M

0 2598-88 . fc/ Anacceptabl e produc t shal l no t yiel d a persisten t oi l ring whe n0. 3 ml o f solven t residu e mixtur e i s adde d t o a filte r paper , in0. 1 m l increment s an

d examine d indayligh t afte r 2 min . a s describe d inTes t Metho d AST M

D 2158-89 .

-32 -P.3 9
_ ,

G . PROPOSE D SPECIFICATION S FO R HYDROGE N Th e specification s fo r hydroge n presente d i n Tabl e 12 , an d include d i n th e propose d Sectio n 2292. 7 o f Titl e 1 3 (Appendi x A) , ar e partiall ybase d o n th e Compresse d Ga s Association' s CGAG-5. 3 - 199 0 specificatio n Typ e I A fo r gaseou s hydroge n (CGA , 1990)
. Th e propose d specification s appl yt o hydroge n fue l use d i n interna l combustio n engines
. A s fue l cel l technolog y develops , separat e specification s fo r hydroge n use d i n fue l cel l technolog y ma ynee d t o b e developed
. Th e staf f i s no t proposin g specification s fo r hydroge n certificatio n fue l a t thi s tim e sinc e n o correspondin g vehicl e certificatio n procedure s exist
. Hydroge n industr yrepresentative s hav e commente d tha t a stringen t hydroge n specificatio n i s unnecessar yfro ma n ai r qualit yperspective , and tha t technologie s suc h a s sola r produce d hydrogen , electrolyticall yproduce d hydrogen , an d biologicall yproduce d hydroge n woul d hav e t o furthe r purif y thei r ga s (a n adde d cost ) i n orde r t o remove , fo r th e mos t part , oxyge n (Lynch , 1991 ) (Stuart , 1991)
. Researcher s a t th e Germa n Aerospac e Researc h Establishmen t hav e se t a n approximat e 9 8 volum e percen t hydroge n purit y specificatio n fo r shuttin g of f thei r sola r powere d hydroge n productio n proces s (Brinne r 1990)
. Th e presenc e o f oxyge n a t les s tha n tw o mol e percen t 1 s no t a n explosio n concern , no r doe s i t presen t any"know n proble m a s fa r a s emission s ar e concerned
. Therefore , th e staf f i s proposin g a minimu mhydroge n conten t o f 9 8 mol e percent , wit h a minimu mcombine d hydrogen , water , nitrogen , an d oxyge n specificatio n o f 99. 9 mol e percent . Th e 9 8 mol e percen t hydroge n purit yrequiremen t 1 n th e propose d specificatio n allow s developin g hydroge n productio n technologies , suc h a s sola r powere d electrolysis , t o ac t a s supplier s o f vehicl e hydrogen
. Th e Impurities , 1 n th e amount s shown , shoul d no t caus e exces s emission s fo r interna l combustio n hydroge n engines
. Th e staf f doe s no t believ e tha t th e othe r specification s shoul d b e a proble mfo r an yanticipate d hydroge n productio n technology
. Th e tota l hydrocarbo n specificatio n i s se t lo w enoug h tha t emission s o f reactiv e compound s shoul d b e produce d a t level s lowe r tha n tha t attributabl e t o th e engin e lubricants
. Th e particulat e matte r specificatio n i s intende d t o avoi d engin e damage , includin g pluggin g o f th e fue l deliver ysystem .

-33

-P.4 0

Tabl e 1 2 Propose d Commercia l Fue l Specification s fo r Hydroge n 

### Specificatio n Hydroge n Combine d hydrogen , water , oxyge nan

d nitroge n

Tota l hydrocarbon s Particulat e matte r Valu e 98. 0 mol e t

(min )
99. 9 mol e t

(min. )

0.0 1 mol e % (max. ) A / 

### Tftir t Metho d AST M D 1946-9 0

AST M D 1946-9 0 fo r hydrogen , nitroge nan

d oxygen ; AST M

0 1142-9 0 fo r wate r usin g th e Burea u o f Mine s apparatu s AST M 0 1946-9 0

& / Th e hydroge nshal l no t contai ndust , sand , dirt , gums , oils , o r othe r substance s i

na namoun t sufficien t t o be injuriou s t o th e fuelin g statio nequipmen t o r th e vehicl e bein g fueled .

-34 -P.4 1

III . ENVIRONMENTA L AM D ECONOMI C IMPACT S

A . EMISSIO N

REDUCTION S Th e emissio nreduction s resultin g from th e implementatio no f th e propose dregulation s woul dresul t from ensurin g th e qualit y £ f fue l use da s a resul t o f th e lo

w emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s regulatlons^adopte d 1 n Septembe r 1990 . Ananalysi s o f th e emissio nreduction s t o b e expecte dfrom th e us e o f lo

w emissio nvehicle s wa s include da s par t o f th e Staf f Repor t fo r thes e earlie r regulations . Th e staf f ha s limite ddat a o nth e effect s o f varyin g constituent s i nth e fuels . Therefore , th e actua l emissio n reduction s achievabl e fro m th e implementatio no f thes e particula r specification s ar e no t quantifiable . Th e staf f believe s tha t th e propose d specification s wil l hel p assur e tha t motorist s hav e alternativ e fuel s availabl e tha t ar e o f consisten t qualit y an dresul t i

nth e expecte dbenefit s identifie di nth e lo w emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s regulations . B . COST S Th e overal l cost s o f operatin g lo w emissio nvehicle s i nplac e o f gasoline-fuele d vehicle s wer e covere di nth e Staf f Repor t fo r th e low emissio nvehicle/clea nfuel s regulation s adopte di nSeptembe r 1990 . Thi s discussio nwil l focu s ononl y thos e cost s whic hmigh t b e attribute dt o an y difference s betwee nth e fue l specification s a s proposed , an dfue l whic h migh t b e sol d a s certificatio no r commercia l fue l i f suc hspecification s wer e no t adopted . Fo r th e reason s discusse dbelow , th e propose d specification s ar e no t expecte dt o resul t i nany increas e i

ncosts . Methano l currentl y

manufacture dca neasil y mee t th e propose dM-10 0 an d M-8 5 fue l specifications . Th e fue l methano l purit y specification s allow fo r impuritie s du e t o possibl e futur e lowe r cos t methano l manufacturin g processes . Ther e ar e als o provision s i nth e specification s fo r impuritie s du e t o transpor t o f methano l throughpipelines . Th e gasolin e t o be use di n M-8 5 fue l blendin g wil l b e th e commonl y availabl e commercia l unleade dfuel .

-35 -P.4 2

Th e denature dethano l require db y th e propose dspecification s fo r th e E-10 0 an dE-8 5 fuels , wit hmino r modification s i s commonl y available , an

d currentl y

utilise dfo r gasohol . The staf f expect s tha t othe r specification s fo r E-10 0 an

d E-86 fuel s shoul dals o b e easil y met . Th e blendin g gasolin e fo r E-8 5 fue l wil l b e th e commo ncommerciall y availabl e unleade dgasolin e a s wa s th e cas e fo r M-8 5 fuel . Studie s ar e no w

on-goin g t o determin e th e effect s o f varyin g CN Gfue l compositio no nemissions . Result s ar e no t conclusiv e t o date , an ds o cost effectivenes s value s ar e no t possibl e a t thi s time . However , th e CN G specification s proposed , whic hhav e bee ndevelope dinclos e consultatio n wit hth e natura l ga s industry , shoul dallow al l o f th e majo r Californi a natura l ga s utilitie s t o suppl y natura l ga s fo r vehicles , give nthei r curren t fue l quality . Thus , th e commercia l specificatio nshoul dad dno additiona l cos t t o th e curren t cos t o f CN Gfue l inCalifornia . Sinc e th e source s fo r LN

Gan dCN Gar e assume dt o b e th e same , an dth e specification s wil l b e th e same , th e discussio nfo r CN Gals o applie s fo r LNG . Th e specificatio no f a te nvolume percen t propen e limi t wil l possibl y exclud e abou t seve npercen t o f th e currentl y availabl e LPGfro

m th e vehicula r fue l market . However , th e "off-spec " LPGcoul db e ^utilize d fo r purpose s othe r tha n1 nvehicl e interna l combustio nengines . "The te nvolume percen t propen e limi t wil l exclud e muc hles s LP Gfrom th e marke t tha nth e estimate d3 0 percen t exclude d 1 f th e AST M D 1835-8 9 special-dut y propan e specification , whic hha s a fiv e volume percen t propen e limit , wa s adopte d instead . Whil e ther e ma y b e some difficultie s encountere dinsegregatin g th e fue l supplies , th e staf f doe s no t expec t tha t ther e wil l b e a nee dt o instal l ne w

storag e facilities , o r Incu r any othe r significan t costs . Th e staf f expect s tha t th e fue l specification s propose dfo r hydroge n canb e easil y

me t b y th e curren t commercia l scal e hydroge nproducin g industries . I naddition , th e approximatel y 9 8 mol e percen t hydroge nleve l als o allow s suc hfutur e suppl y source s a s sola r t o b e used , wher e oxyge n level s ca nb e somewha t higher . C . SMAL L BUSINES S IMPACT S Smel l businesse s ar e define dby Governmen t Cod e Sectio n1134 2 e t seq . Th e Cod e require s th e AR t t o discus s ho w complyin g wit ha propose d regulatio ncoul dadversel y affec t smal l businesses . Th e staf f doe s no t believ e tha t adoptio no f th t proposa l woul dresul t insignificant , advers e impact s o nsmal l businesses . D . OTHE RENVIRONMENTA L IMPACT S Implementatio no f th e proposa l woul dhav e a noveral l positiv e impac t on th e environmen t by

reducin g undesirabl e vehicl e emissions , a s th e settin g o f th e specification s woul dserv e t o promot e th e productio no f lo w emissio n vehicles . Althoug hth e proposa l coul dresul t inincrease dproductio nan d us e o f alternativ e fuels , th e staf f doe s no t believ e tha t 1 t woul dresul t i n an y increas e inoveral l fue l demand . Th e production , distribution , an d

.36 .P.4 3

narketin g o f alternativ e fuel s caus e emission s o f ai r pollutants . However , th e emission s from

alternativ e fuel s productio nan dus e woul dreplac e th e emission s tha t woul dhav e bee nassociate dwit ha comparabl e amoun t o f gasoline . Th e specification s wil l hel ppreven t lowe r qualit y fue l from bein g used , whic hcoul dcompromis e vehicl e emissio nsystems , an dma y contribut e t o increase dcriteri a pollutant s an dtoxi c pollutants . Th e tighte r specification s alon e shoul dno t forc e any ne w fue l productio ninstallation s t o b e built . However , shoul dmodification s t o existin g facilitie s b e require di norde r t o produc e th e tighte r specificatio nclea nfuels , permit s woul dbe require dfrom th e appropriat e loca l ai r distric t t o modif y anexistin g facility . Th e staf f doe s no t expec t tha t th e propose dspecificatio nwil l resul t i nan y significan t advers e environmenta l impacts . E . GLOBA L WARMINGAN D OZON E DEPLETIO N IMPACT S Th e settin g o f clea nfue l specification s i s no t expecte dt o increas e emission s o f greenhous e gase s tha t ma y contribut e t o globa l warmin g o r pollutant s tha t ma y

contribut e t o stratospheri c ozon e depletion . F . PUBLI C SAFET YIMPACT S Th e staff ha s determine dtha t th e relativ e safet y o f th e alternativ e fuel s i s importan t inpromotin g th e us e o f th e fuels . Vapo r spac e flammabilit y

andflam e visibilit y associate dwit hth e methano l an dethano l fuel s hav e emerge da s two safet y Issue s associate dwit hthes e fuels . Corrosio n.o

f fue l tank s 1 s anothe r potentia l safet y proble m

associate dwit h natura l gas . 1 . Safet y

Issue s Assodate d Wit hAlcoho l Fuel s Becaus e o f th e lowe r vapo r pressur e o f th e alcoho l fuels , highe r vapo r pressur e component s mus t b e present . A highe r vapor pressur e i s necessar y s o tha t ignitio ni s no t possibl e a t ambien t temperatures . I f a highe r vapo r pressur e canno t b e used , some other mechanis m mus t b e use dt o avoi d ignition . Th e unleade dgasolin e tha t wil l b e adde dt o bot hth e E-8 5 an dM 8 5 fuel s wil l Increas e th e vapor pressur e o f th e fue l an ddecreas e vapo r spac e flammability . Th e propose dspecification s wil l ensur e tha t enoug h gasolin e o r othe r vapo r pressur e increasin g components , o r both , ar e presen t i nth e M-8 5 an

dE-8 5 fuel s t o serv e thes e purposes . I naddition , th e vapo r spac e flammabilit y

o f th e M-8 5 an

dE-8 5 fuel s wil l b e minimize db y incorporating a minimum Rei d vapor pressur e Umi t o f th e fina l blend . Vehicl e manufacturer s andretrofitter s usin g M-10 0 an dE-10 0 fuel s wil l hav e t o addres s th e proble m o f vapor spac e flammability . Th e staf f believe s thes e problem s ca nb e solve dusin g improve d fue l storag e system technology . Thi s issu e i s no t directl y addresse db

y thes e regulations , bu t instea dfall s unde r th e purvie w

o f agencie s tha t certif y vehicl e safety .

-37 -P.4 4

Methano l burn s withou t a visible flame
. A s a result , a safet yhazar d i s create d i f fire s ar e no t immediatel ynoticed
. Unleade d gasolin e adde d t o M-8 5 fue l wil l increas e flam e visibilit y(luminosity)
. M-10 0 wil l no t b e abl e t o rel yo n gasolin e fo r flam e luminosity
. Therefore , fue l producer s an d vehicl e manufacturer s ar e i n th e proces s o f developin g additive s tha t coul d b e adde d i n smal l quantitie s t o enhanc e flam e luminosity
. Th e propose d specification s require complianc e wit h th e flam e luminosit yb y Januar y1 , 1994
. Th e M-10 0 Californi a flee t currentl yconsist s onl yo f heavy-dut yvehicles , whic h ar e refuele d byexperience d drivers , o r flee t maintenanc e personnel
. Thi s limit s th e threa t t o safet ypose d b yM-10 0 fue l fires
. Th e staf f believe s tha t th e additiona l tim e i s neede d t o develo p acceptabl e flam e luminosit yadditives
. Ethano l fuel s hav e flame s tha t ar e sufficientl yvisibl e s o tha t visibilit yenhancin g additive s ar e no t required
. 2
. Safet yIssu e Associate d Wit h Natura l Ga s Fo r compresse d natura l gas , corrosio n o f stee l storag e tank s ca n lea d t o failure
. Th e NFP Aha s determine d tha t preventin g wate r condensatio n insid e th e storag e tan k i s th e mos t effectiv e wa yt o prevent^thl s corrosio n (NFPA , 1988)
. Th e CN G fue l specificatio n ha s bee n designe d t o preven t wate r condensation
.

-38

-P.4 5

REFERENCE S

ARB , 1990a . Propose dRegulation s fo r Low Emissio nVehicle s an dClea nFuels . A1 r Resource s Boar dStaf f Report , Augus t 13 , 1990 . ARB , 1990b . Propose dRegulation s fo r Lo w Emissio nVehicle s an dClea nFuels . Ai r Resource s Boar dTechnica l Suppor t Document , Augus t 13 , 1990 . Brinner , A. , H . Bussman , W . Seege r an dH . Steeb , 1990 . Operatio nResult s o f a lOk W PV-Electrolvsi s System i nDifferen t Couplin g Modes . Proceeding s o f th e 8t hWorl dHydroge nEnerg y Conference , Jul y

22-27 , 1990 . Brower , G.K. , E.F . Mezer a an dR.F . Najt , 1962 . LP Ga s Engin e Fuel : "T o B e O r No t T o Be : Tha t i s th e Question" . Presentatio na t th e 196 2 Annua l Meetin g o f th e Ga s Processor s Association . CGA , 1990 . Commodit y Specificatio nfo r Hydrogen . G-5.3-1990 , Compresse dGa s Association , Inc . Gawronski , J.L. , 1991 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Stev e Francis , Apri l 24 , 1991 . Herrbrich , B. , 1991 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Stev e Francis , Jun e 10 , 1991 . Johnson , W.H. , 1985 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Ro nCannon , Jul y 11 , 1985 . Liss , W.E. , 1991 . Natura l Ga s A s A Stationar y

Engin e an

dVehicl e Fuel . SAE Pape r No . 912364 , t o b e presente di nth e Fal l o f 1991 . Lynch , F.E. , 1991 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Stev e Francis , Ma y 29 , 1991 . Moyer , N.A. , 1991 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Rober t Fletcher , Jul y 15 , 1991 . NFPA , 1988 . Nationa l Fir e Protectio nAssociation , NFP A 5 2 Compresse d Natura l Ga s fCNG l Vehicula r Fue l System . 198 8 Edition . Jun e 8 , 1988 . Rya nIII , T.W. , 1991 . Variabl e Ga s Compositio nExperiments . SwR I Projec t No . 03-3178 , Phas e 209 . Stuart , A.K. , 1991 . Writte ncorrespondenc e t o Rober t Fletcher , Apri l 23 , 1991 .

-39 -P.4 6



### APPENDICE S

### APPENDI XA PROPOSE D REGULATION

ORDE R Propose dAmendment s t o Sectio n1960.l(k) . 1956.8(b) . an d1956.8(d) . Titl e 13 . Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , an dPropose dAdoptio n o f section s 229 0 - 2292.7 , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulation sP.4 8

PROPOSE D REGULATIO N

ORDE R

Note : Propose d new

languag e i s show

ni nitalics an d propose d deletion s ar e show ni nstp4keeut .
Amend sectio n1960.l(k) , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulation s t o rea d a s follows :
1960.1 . Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an d Tes t Procedure s - 198 1 and Subsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-Dut y Trucks , an

d Medium-Dut y Vehicles . (a ) throug h(j ) [N

o change ] * " (k ) Th e tes t procedure s fo r determinin g complianc e wit hthes e standard s ar e se t fort hi

n"Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an d Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 1 throug h198 7 Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-Dut y Trucks , an

d Medium Dut y Vehicles" , adopte d b y th e Stat e Boar d onNovembe r 23 , 1976 , a s las t amende d Ma y

20 , 1987 , an

d i n"Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an d Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 8 an d Subsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-Dut y Trucks , an d Medium-Dut y

Vehicles" , adopte d b y th e stat e boar d onMa y 20 , 1987 , a s las t amende d Ju4 y

12 T 499 1 [Insert

date of amendment], bot ho f whic har e incorporate d herei nb y reference . (1 ) throug h(o ) [N

o Change ]

NOTE : Authorit y

cited : Section s 39600 , 39601 , 43013 , 43018 , 4310 1 an d 43104 , Healt han

d Safet y

Code . Reference : Section s 39002 , 39003 , 39667 , 43000 , 43013 , 43018 , 43100 , 43101 , 43101.5 , 43102 , 43103 , 43104 , 4310 6 an d 43204 , Healt han

d Safet y

Code .



### A- lP.4 9

Amen d Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , sectio n 1956.8(b ) an d (d ) t o rea d a s follows :
1956.8
. Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s an d Tes t Procedure s - 198 5 an d Subsequen t Mode l Heavy-Dut yEngine s and Vehicles
. (a ) [N o Change ] (b ) Th e tes t procedure s fo r determinin g complianc e wit h standard s applicabl e t o 198 5 an d subsequen t heavy-dut ydiese l engine s an d vehicle s ar e se t fort h i n th e "Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s an d Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 an

d Subsequen t Mode l Heavy-Dut yDiese l Engine s an d Vehicles" , adopte d Apri l 8 , 1985 , a s las t amende d Ju4 y42 T 199 1 [insert date of amendment] , whic h i s incorporate d herei n byreference
. (c ) [N o Change ] (d ) Th e tes t procedure s fo r determinin g complianc e wit h standard s applicabl e t o 198 7 an d subsequen t mode l heavy-dut yotto-cyct o engine s an d vehicle s ar e se t fort h in th e "Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s an d Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 an d Subsequen t Mode l HeavyDut yOtto-Cycl e Engine s an d Vehicles, " adopte d Apri l 25 , 1986 , a s las t amende d Ju4 y42 T 199 4 [insert date of amendment] , whic h i s incorporate d herei n byreference
. (e ) throug h (h ) [N o Change ]

NOTE : Authorit ycited : Section s 39600 , 39601 , 43013 , 43018 , 43101 , 43103 , an d 4310 4 Healt h and Safet yCode
. Reference : Section s 39002 , 39003 , 43000 , 43013 , 43018 , 43100 , 43101 , 43101.5 , 43102
. 43103 , 43104 , 43106 , an d 43204 , Healt h an

d Safet yCode
.

Adop t ne w Articl e 3 , section s 229 0 - 2292.7 , Chapte r 5 , Titl e 13 , Californi a Cod e o f Regulations , t o rea d a s follows : Article 3. Specifications

for Alternative

Motor Vehicle Fuels 

### 2290. Definitions (a) For the purposes

of this article, the

following

definitions

apply:

A-2P.5 0

(1) "Alternative

fuel" means any fuel which is commonly

or commercially known or sold as one of the following:

M-100

fuel methanol, M-85

fuel methanol, E-100

fuel ethanol, E-85

fuel ethanol, compressed natural gas, liquified natural

gas, liquified

petroleum

gas, or

hydrogen. (2) "ASTM"

means the American

Society for Testing

and Materials. (3) "Motor

vehicle"

has the same meaning

as defined in section 415 of the Vehicle Code. (4) "Supply"

means to provide or transfer

a product to a physically separate facility, vehicle, or transportation

system. NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Vestern Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'il* v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2291
. Basic

Prohibittons

. (a) Starting

January

1, 1993, no

person shall sell, offer

for sale or supply an alternative

fuel intended

for use in motor vehicles

in California unless it conforms

with the applicable

specifications

set forth in this article 3. (b) An alternative

fuel shall be deemed to be intended

for use in motor vehicles in California

if it is: (1) stored

at a facility which

is equipped

and used to dispense

that type of alternative

fuel to motor vehicles, or (2) delivered

or intended

for delivery

to a facility which

is equipped and used to dispense

that type of alternative

fuel to motor vehicles, or (3) sold, offered

for sale or supplied

to a person engaged

in the distribution

of motor vehicle fuels to motor vehicle fueling facilities, unless the person selling, offering

or supplying

the fuel demonstrates that he or she has taken reasonably

prudent

precautions

to assure that the fuel will not be used as a motor vehicle fuel in California. (c) For the purposes

of this section, each

retail sale of alternative fuel for use in a motor vehicle, and

each supply of alternative

fuel into a

A-3P.5 1

motor vehicle fuel tank, shall

also be deemed

a sale or supply by any person who previously

sold or supplied

such alternative

fuel in violation

of this section. NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orang

e County

Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975). 

### 2292.1. Specifications forM-100 Fuel Methanol The following

standards

apply to M-100 fuel methanol (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein by reference): Specifications

for M-100 Fuel Methanol Specification Methanol Distillation

Other alcohols

and ethers Hydrocarbons, gasoline

or diesel fuel derived

Luminosity Value 96 vol. X (min.) 4.0 °C (range)



### 2 mass % (max.)

2 mass X (max.)

Specific gravity 0.792 *0.002 920/20°C Test Method As determined

by the distillation

range below ASTM D 1078-86. At 95X by volume distilled. Must include 64.6 * 0.1 b C ASTM D 4815-89

ASTM D 4815-89, and then subtract concentration

of alcohols, ethers and water from 100 to obtain percent hydrocarbons Shall produce

a luminous

flame throughout

the entire burn duration. Applicable

1/1/94 ASTM D 891-89

A-4P.5 2

Acidity as acetic acid Total chlorine

as chloride Lead Phosphorus Sulfur Gum, heptane

washed Total particulates Water Appearance 

### 0.003 mass % (max.) ASTM D 1613-85 

### 0.0002 mass X

(max.) 2 mg/l (max.) 0.2 mg/l (max.) 0.01 mass X

(max.) 5 mg/100 ml

(max.) 5 mg/l (max.) 0.5 mass X

(max.) Free of turbidity, suspended

matter and sediment ASTM D 2988-86 ASTM D 3237-90 ASTM D 3231-89 ASTM D 3120-87 ASTM 0 381-86 ASTM D 2276-89 ASTM E 203-75 Visually determined at 25 C by proc. A of ASTM 0 4176-86 NOTE: Authority

cited:

sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n. v. Oranae

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2292.2. Specifications for M-85 Fuel Methanol The following

standards

apply to M-85 fuel methanol (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein

by reference):
Specifications

for M-85 Fuel Methanol Specification Methanol Gasoline, unleaded

aJ Higher alcohols (C2 - C8) Hydrocarbons

* aliphatic ethers Yilue

85 vol. X

(min.)

14.5 ± .5 vol. X



### 2 vol. X (max.) 13-15 vol. X

Vapor pressure, dry

Final blend must meet vapor pressure requirements

for Test

Method /tone * Al

to the ASTM 0-2 Proposal P-232, Draft 8-9-91 Must meet local specifications for commercial

unleaded gasoline, except

for RVP ASTM D 4815-89 ASTM D 4815-89, and

then subtract concentration

of alcohols, ethers

and water from 100 to obtain percent hydrocarbons Methods contained

in Title 13, Section 2262 must be used. ASTM D 4953-90

is an
A-5Luminosity

Acidity as acetic acid Total chlorine as chloride

Lead Phosphorus Sulfur Gum, heptane

washed Total particulates Water Appearance commercial unleaded gasoline

of the area in which it will be sold, with

a minimum RVP of 6.5 psi



### 0.003 mass X

(max.) 0.0002 mass X

(max.)

0.002 g/1 (max.) 0.0002 g/1 (max.) 0.015 mass X (max.) 5 mg/100 ml (max.) 5 mg/l (max.) 0.5 mass X (max.) Free of turbidity, suspended

matter and sediment alternative method, however, in case of dispute

about the vapor pressure, the

value determined

by the methods contained

in Title 13, Section 2262 shall prevail over the value calculated

by ASTM D 4953-90, including

its precision

statement Shall produce

a luminous

flame throughout

the entire burn duration ASTM D 1613-85 ASTM D 3120-87 modified

for the det. of organic chlorides, and ASTM D 2988-86 ASTM D 3237-90 ASTM 0 3231-89 ASTM D 3120-87 ASTM 0 381-86 ASTM D 2276-89 ASTM E 203-75 Visuallv determined at 25 C by Proc. A of ASTM D 4176-86 Adjustment

of RVP must be performed

using common

blending components

from the gasoline

stream. NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n. v. Orange

County

Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).

A-6P.5 4

2292.3. Specifications for E-100 Fuel Ethanol The following

standards

apply to E-100 fuel ethanol: (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein by reference): Specifications

for E-100 Fuel Ethanol Specification Ethanol Denatured

fuel ethanol Other alcohols

and ethers Hydrocarbons, gasoline

or diesel fuel derived

Acidity as acetic acid Total chlorine

as chloride

Copper
Lead Phosphorus Sulfur Gum, heptane

washed Total particulates Water Appearance Value 92 vol. X (min.) 98 vol. X (min.) 2 mass X (max.)

5 mass X (max.)

0.007 mass X (max.) 0.0004 mass X (max.)

0.07 mg/l (max.)
2 mg/l (max.) 0.2 mg/l (max.) 0.01 mass

X (max.) 5 mg/100 ml (max.) 5 mg/l (max.) 1.25 mass X (max.) Free of turbidity, suspended

matter and sediment Test Method ASTM 0 3545-90 

### a/ ASTM D 4815-89

ASTM D 4815-89, and then subtract concentration

of alcohols, ethers and water from 100 to obtain percent hydrocarbons ASTM D 1613-85 ASTM D 3120-87 modified

for the determination

of organic chlorides, and ASTM 0 2988-86 ASTM D 1688-90 as modified

in ASTM 0 4806-88 ASTM D 3237-90 ASTM D 3231-89 ASTM D 3120-87 ASTM D 381-86 ASTM D 2276-89 ASTM E 203-75 Visually determined at 25°C by Proc. A of ASTM D 4176-86

1 / Must

meet the ASTM 0 4806-88

specification

for denatured

fuel ethanol, except

the denaturant

must be representative

of unleaded gasoline

that is commercially

available

blended

in a range of 4 to 5 parts by volume

gasoline

to 100 parts by volume

fuel ethanol (including

water)

to form the denatured

fuel ethanol. The

final
A-7P.5 5

blend specifications

for E-100 take precedence

over the ASTM 0 4806-88 specifications NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County

Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n. v. Orange

County

Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2292.4. Specifications for E-85 Fuel Ethanol The following

standards

apply to E-85 fuel ethanol (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein by reference):
Specifications

for E-85 Fuel Ethanol Specification Ethanol Denatured

fuel ethanol Other alcohols Gasoline, unleaded Hydrocarbons

+ aliphatic

ethers

Vapor pressure, dry

Acidity as acetic acid Total chlorine Value

81 vol. X

(min.) 85 vol. X (min.) 2 vol. X (max.) 14.5 t . 5 vol. X 13-19 vol. X

Final blend must meet vapor pressure requirements

for commercial

unleaded gasoline

of the area in which it will be sold, with

a minimum RVP of 6.5 psi 

### Test

Method ASTM D 3545-90 aJ ASTM 0 bj 4815-89 ASTM D 4815-89, and

then subtract concentration

of alcohols, ethers

and water from 100 to obtain percent hydrocarbons. The

denaturant is included

in this percentage. Methods

contained

in Title 13, Section 2262 must be used. ASTM D 4953-90 is an alternative

method, however, in case of dispute

about the vapor pressure, the

value determined

by the methods contained

in Title 13, Section 2262 shall prevail over the value calculated

by ASTM 0 4953-90, including

its precision

statement 0.007 mass X (max.) ASTM

D 1613-85

A-8P.5 6

as chloride

copper Lead Phosphorus Sulfur Gum, heptane

washed Total particulates Water Appearance 

### 0.0004 mass X (max.)

0.07 mg/l (max.) 0.002 g/1 (max.) 0.0002 g/1 (max.) 0.015 mass X

(max.) 5 mg/100 ml

(max.) 5 mg/l (max.) 1.25 mass X

(max.) Free of turbidity, suspended

matter and sediment ASTM 0 3120-87

modified

for the det. of

organic chlorides, and ASTM D 2988-86 1688-90 as modified

in D 4806-88 3237-90 

### 3231-89 3120-87 381-86 

### 2276-89 203-75 Visuallv determined at 25 C by proc. A of ASTM D 4176-86 ASTM D ASTM ASTM D ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM D D D D E

aJ Must meet the ASTM D 4806-88

specification

for denatured

fuel ethanol, except

the denaturant

must be commercially

available unleaded

gasoline, which

is then blended

in a range of 4 to 5 parts by volume gasoline

to 100 parts by volume fuel ethanol

(including water) to form the denatured

fuel ethanol. The

final blend specifications

for E-85 take precedence

over the ASTM D 4806-88 specifications. bj The denaturant

for the denatured

fuel ethanol

is not included

as a part of this percentage, but

is included

as a part of the total blend volume

for percent

calculation. The gasoline

specified

here (not denaturant)

must meet local specifications

for commercial unleaded

gasoline, except

for RVP. Adjustment

of RVP must be performed

using common

blending

components

from the gasoline stream.
NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n, v. Oranae

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2292.5. Specifications for Compressed

and Liquified

Natural

Gas The following

standards

apply to compressed

and liquified

natural

gas (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein

by reference):

A-9P.5 7

Specifications

for Compressed

and Liquified

Natural

Gas Specification

Value Test Method Hydrocarbons

(expressed

as mole percent) Methane 88.OX (min.) ASTM

D 1945-81 Ethane 6.OX (max.) ASTM

D 1945-81 Cr. and higher HC Ci and higher HC Other species

(expressed Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Oxygen Inert gases Sum of COy and N ? Water £

c Particulate

matter 3.OX

(max.) 0.2X (max.) as mole percent

unl 0.1X (max.) 0.1X (max.) 0.5X (max.) 5.OX (max.) 

### aJ bJ ASTM D 1945-81 ASTM D 1945-81 ess otherwise

indicated) ASTM D 2650-88 ASTM D 2650-88 ASTM D 1945-81 ASTM D 1945-81

i/ The dewpoint

at vehicle fuel storage

container

pressure

shall be at least 10 F below the 99.OX winter design

temperature*

listed in Chapter 24, Table

1, Climatic

Conditions

for the United States, in the American

Society

of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineer's

(ASHRAE)

Handbook, 1989

fundamentals

volume. Testing for water vapor shall be in accordance

with ASTM D 1142-90, utilizing the Bureau of Mines apparatus. bJ The compressed

or liquified

natural

gas shall not contain

dust, sand, dirt, gums, oils, or other substances

in an amount sufficient to be injurious

to the fueling station

equipment

or the vehicle being fueled.
NOTE: Authority

cited:

sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Oranae

County Air Pollution Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n, v. Oranae

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2292.6. Specifications for Liquified

Petroleum

Gas The following

standards

apply to liquified

petroleum

gas (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein

by reference):

A-10P.5 8

Specifications

for Liquified

Petroleum

Gas Specification Propane Vapor.pressure

at 100° F Volatility residue: evaporated

temp., 95X or butane & heavier, Propene Residual

matter: residue on evap. of 100 ml oil stain observ. Corrosion, copper, strip Sulfur Moisture

content Value

80.0 vol. X (min.) 208 psig (max.)

-37°F (max.) 2.5 vol. X (max.) 10.0 vol. X (max.)
0.05 ml (max.) pass t/ No. 1 (max.) 123 ppmw (max.) pass Test

Method ASTM D 2163-87 ASTM D 1267-89 ASTM D 2598-88 §./
ASTM D 1837-86
ASTM D 2163-87 ASTM D 2163-87
ASTM D 2158-89 ASTM-D 2158-89 ASTM D 1838-89 ASTM D 2784-89 ASTM D 2713-86
a/ In case of dispute

about the vapor pressure

of a product, the

value actually determined

by Test Method

ASTM D 1267-89

shall prevail over the value calculated

by Practice

ASTM D 2598-88. h./ An acceptable

product

shall not yield a persistent

oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent

residue

mixture

is added to a filter paper, in 0.1 ml increments

and examined

in daylight

after 2 min. as described

in Test Method

ASTM D 2158-89.
NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101. Health and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000. 39001, 39002, 39003. 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'n, v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).
2292.7. Specifications for Hydrogen The following

standards

apply for hydrogen (The identified

test methods

are incorporated

herein

by reference):

A-11P.5 9

Specifications

for Hydrogen Specification Hydrogen Combined

hydrogen, water, oxygen and nitrogen

Total hydrocarbons Particulate

matter 

### Yalue 98.0 mole X (min.)
99.9 mole X (min.)

0.01 mole

X (max.) d / Test 

### Method ASTM D 1946-90
ASTM D 1946-90

for hydrogen, nitrogen

and oxygen;

ASTM D 1142-90 for water using the Bureau of Mines apparatus ASTM D 1946-90

ay The hydrogen

shall not contain

dust, sand, dirt, gums, oils, or other substances

in an amount sufficient

to be injurious

to the fueling station

equipment

or the vehicle being fueled.
NOTE: Authority

cited: sections

39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western

011 and

Gas Ass'n. v. Orange

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference:

sections

39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43016, 43018, and

43101, Health

and Safety Code; and Western

Oil and Gas ASS'h. v. Oranae

County Air Pollution

Control

District. 14

Cal. 3d

411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249

(1975).

A-12P.6 0

APPENDI XB

Propose dAmendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s an

dTes t Procedure s fo r 198 8 an dSubsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars , Light-dut y Trucks , an

dMedium-dut y

Vehicle sP.6 1



### PROPOSE D

Stat e o f Californi a AI RRESOURCE S BOAR D

CALIFORNI A

EXHAUS T EMISSIO N

STANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S FO R198 8 AN D SUBSEQUEN T MODE L PASSENGE RCARS , LIGHT-DUT YTRUCKS , AN D MEDIUM-DUT YVEHICLE S

Adopted : Ma y

20 , 198 7 Amended : Decembe r 20 , 198 9 Amended : Januar y

22 , 199 0 Amended : Decembe r 26 , 199 0 Amended : Jul y

12 , 199 1 Amended :P.6 2

NOTE : Amendment s t o th e standard s an dtes t procedure s mad e i nthi s rulemakin g ar e show ninunderlin e t o indicat e addition s t o th e tex t andstp4keebf e t o indicat e deletions . Th e symbo l "##### " mean s tha t th e remainde r o f th e tex t o f thes e procedure s fo r a specifi c section , whic hi s no t show ni nthi s amendmen t document , ha s no t bee nchanged . Th e numberin g conventio nemploye di nthi s document , i

norde r o f priority , is : l.a.I.i.A . An y reference s withi nspecifi c section s i n th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulation s ar e denote dinorde r o f priorit y as : (*)(!)(i)(A ) - th e same numberin g system employe di

nth e Cod e o f Federa l Regulations .P.6 3

# # # # #

CALIFORNI AEXHAUS T EMISSIO N STANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S FO R 198 8 AN D SUBSEQUEN T MODE L PASSENGE R CARS , LIGHT-DUT Y TRUCK S AN D MEDIUM-DUT Y VEHICLE S # # # # # 9
. Tes t Requirement s
a . Fue l Specification s I n paragrap h 86.113-90 : 1
. Ad d subparagrap h (a)(1)(i ) whic h reads :

(1 ) Fo r 199 2 and subsequen t model-yea r Otto-cycl e vehicles , gasolin e havin g th e specification s liste d belo wma yb e use d in exhaus t and evaporativ e emissio n testin g a s a n optio n t o th e specification s referre d t o i n subparagrap h (a)
. Researc h Octane , minimu m9 3 Sensitivity , minimu m7. 5 Lead (organic) , maximum , g/U S ga l 0.05 0 Distillatio n Rang e IBP , degree s F 75-10 0 1 0 pet . point , degree s F 120-14 0 5 0 pet . point , degree s F 200-23 0 9 0 pet . point , degree s F 300-32 5 EP , maximu m41 5 Sulfur , maximu mweigh t pet . 0.0 3 Phosphorous , maximum , g/U S ga l 0.00 5 RVP , ps 1 7.5-8. 0 Hydrocarbo n compositio n Olefins , maximu mpet . 1 0 Aromatics , maximu mpet . 3 5 Saturate s remainde r # # # # # 10
. Replac e subparagrap h (d ) with : (d ) Methanol-Gasolin e Fue l SpecifIcations r fo r 199 3 Model-Yea r Vehicles
. Variou s methanol-gasolin e fue l blend s wil l b e use d accordin g t o th e typ e o f methanol-fuele d vehicl e bein g certifie d and th e particula r aspec t o f th e certificatio n procedur e bein g conducted , a s specifie d below
. Gasolin e use d fo r blendin g fue l fo r us e i n mileag e accumulatio n shal l b ©representativ e o f commercia l regula r unleade d gasolin e whic h wil l b e generall y

B- 1P.6 4

availabl e throug hretai l outlets . Gasolin e use dfo r blendin g fue l fo r us e i

nemissio ntestin g shal l conform wit hth e unleade d gasolin e specificatio nnote di nparagrap h(a ) above . Fue l additive s an

dignitio nimprover s intende dfo r us e i n methano l tes t fuel s shal l b e subjec t t o th e approva l o f th e Executiv e Officer . I norde r fo r suc happrova l t o be granted , a manufacture r mus t demonstrat e tha t emission s wil l no t b e adversel y

affecte db

y th e us e o f th e fue l additiv e o r ignitio n improver . (1 ) Otto-cycl e methano l vehicle s an dhybri delectri c vehicles , whic hus e otto-cycl e methano l engine s Mileage-accumulatio nfuel : Fo r methano l vehicle s an dhybri d electri c vehicles , whic hus e otto-cycl e methano l engine s a methanol-gasolin e blen dcompose do f 85-percen t methano l whic hi s representativ e o f commerciall y availabl e methano l an d15-percen t unleade dgasolin e a s note dabove . Emission-testin g fuel : Fo r vehicle s certifyin g onmethanol , a methanol-gasolin e blendcompose do f 8 5 percen t chemica l grad e methano l an

d15-percen t unleade dgasolin e a s note d above . (2 ) Methanol-fuele ddiese l vehicle s an dhybri delectri c vehicle s whic hus e methanol-fuele ddiese l engine s Mileage-accumulatio nfuel : Fo r methano l vehicle s an dhybri d electri c vehicle s whic hus e methanol-fuele ddiese l engines , commerciall y

availabl e methano l fuel . Emission-testin g fuel : chemica l grad e methanol . (3 ) Fuel-flexibl e vehicle s Mileage-accumulatio nfuel : Fo r bot hdurability-dat a vehicle s an demission-dat a vehicles , mileag e accumulatio nshal l b e conducte dwit hon e fuel . Fo r vehicle s designe dt o operat e o nmethanol , a methanol-gasolin e blendcompose do f 85 - percen t methano l an

d15-percen t unleade dgasolin e bot ho f whic har e representativ e o f commerciall y availabl e fuel s shal l b e used . Emission-tes t fuel : Cas e (1 ) Fo r regula r emissio ntesting , methanol-gasolin e blendcompose do f 85-percen t chemica l grad e methano l and15-percen t unleade dgasoline . Cas e (2 ) Fo r th e testin g require dunde r 6.a.22.(D) . o f thes e procedures , exhaus t emissio ntest s (exhaus t OMHC E fo r non-TLEVs , non-LEVs , an dnon-ULEVs , exhaus t NMOGfo r TLEVs , LEVs , an dULEVs , exhaus t formaldehyde , exhaus t CO , an d exhaus t N O ) shal l b e conducte da t th e specifie dmileag e interval s Qsin g 85-percen t chemica l grad e methano l an d15 - percen t unleade dgasoline , an d35-percen t chemica l grad e methano l an

d65-percen t unleade dgasoline . I naddition , complet e set s o f emissio ntest s shal l b e conducte d»i 5,00 0

B- 2P.6 5



### miles , 50,00 0 mile s an dth e fina l mileag e poin t wit h unleade dgasoline . (4 ) Othe r methano l fuel s ma y be use dfo r testing an dservic e accumulatio nprovided : (i ) they ar e commerciall y

available ; (ii ) information , acceptabl e t o th e Executiv e Officer , i s provide dt o sho

w tha t onl y

th e designate dfue l woul db e usedi n custome r service ; (iii ) us e o f a fue l liste di nthi s section woul dno t have a detrimenta l effec t o nemission s o

r durability ; (iv ) writte napprova l fro m th e Executiv e Office r o f the fue l specification s mus t b

e provide dprio r t o the star t o f testing . (5 ) The specificatio no f the fuel s t o be usedunde r paragraph s (d)(1) , (d)(2) , an

d(d)(3 ) o f thi s sectionshal l b e reporte di

n accordanc e wit h86.090-21(b)(3 ) or 86.091-21(b)(3) . XI ) The specification s se t fort hi nsubparagrap

h(e) mav b e useda s a

noptionfo r 199 3 model-yea r vehicles . I L Ad dne w subparagrap

hfe ) t o read : l&} Methanol-Gasolin e Fue l Specification s £o r 199 4 an d Subsequen t Model-Yea r Vehicles Variou s methanol-gasolin e fue l blend s wil l be use daccording t o th e typ e o f methanol-fuele dvehicl e being certifie dan dth e particula r aspec t o f th e certificatio nprocedur e bein g conducted , a s specifie dbelow . Fue l additive s an

dignitionImprover s intendedfor us e i n methano l tes t fuel s shal l be subjec t t o th e approva l o f the Executiv e Officer . Inorde r fo r suchapprova l t o b e granted , a manufacture r mus t demonstrat e tha t emission s wil l no t b e adversel y

affecte db

y th e us e o f th e fue l additive or ignition improver . U O Otto-cvcl e methano l vehicle s an dhybri delectri c vehicle s whic hus e otto-cvcl e methano l engine s Mileaoe-accumulatio nan demission-testin g fuel : Fo r methano l vehicle s an

dhybri delectri c vehicle s whic hus e otto-cvcl e methano l engines , fue l whic hmeet s th e specification s liste di nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 1 o r 2292. 2 a s applicable . U J Methanol-fuele ddiese l vehicle s an dhybri delectri c vehicle s whic hus e methanol-fuele ddiese l engine s Mileaoe-accumulatio nan demission-testin g fuel : Fo r methano l vehicle s an

dhybri delectri c vehicle s whic hus e methanol fueleddiese l engines , fue l whic hmeet s the specification s liste di nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 1 o r 2292. 2 a s applicable . (3 ) Fuel-flexibl e vehicle s Mileaoe-accumulatio nfuel : For bot hdurabilitv-dat a vehicle s an demission-dat a vehicles , mileag e accumulatio nshal l b e B- 3P.6 6

conducte d wit hon e fuel . Fo r vehicle s designe d t o operat e onmethanol , a fue l tha t meet s th e specification s liste d i n Titl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. ? shal l b e used . Fmission-tes t fuel : Cas e fl ) Fo r regula r emissio ntesting , fue l tha t meet s th e specification s liste d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.2 . Cas e (2 ) Fo r th e testin g reguire d unde r 6.a.3.(D) . o f thes e procedures , exhaus t emissio ntest s fexhaus t QMHC E fo r non-TLEVs . non-LEVs . an d non-ULEVs . exhaus t NMO G fo r TLEVs . LEVs . an

d ULEVs . exhaus t formaldehyde , exhaus t CO . an d exhaus t N

O ) shal l b e conducte d a t th e specifie d mileag e interval s flsing: fi ) fue l tha t meet s th e specification s liste d i

nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 2 wher e 8 5 percen t methano l fue l i s required : an d Mi ) a blend o f fue l tha t meet s th e specification s liste d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n 2292. 2 and commerciall y availabl e unleade d gasoline , suc h tha t th e fina l blen d i s compose d o f 3 5 volum e percen t methano l (plu s o r minu s 1 volum e percen t o f tota l blend ) wher e 3 5 percen t methano l fue l i s reouired . I naddition , complet e set s o f emissio ntest s shal l b e conducte d a t 5.00 0 miles . 50.00 0 mile s an d th e fina l mileag e poin t wit h commerciall y

availabl e unleade d gasoline . Gasolin e meetin g th e specification s i nparagrap hfa ) ma v b e use d i

nth e 

## place . Q f any

gasolin e require dinCas e 2 . (4 ) Alternativ e Blendin g gasoline . Gasolin e a s specifie di n paragrap hfa ) ma v

b e use d a s analternativ e fo r th e blendin g gasolin e specifie d i nSectio n2292. 2 o f Titl e 13 . CCR . Th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e specificatio nfo r th e gasolin e specifie d i n paragrap hfa ) ma v

b e disregarded : however , th e fina l blend tes t fue l fo r al l testin g reouirin g fue l a s specifie d i nSectio n 2292. 2 o f Titl e 13 . CCR . mus t mee t th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e reouiremen t a s specifie d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.2 . XI ) Th e specificatio no f th e fuel s t o b e use d unde r paragraph s (e)(1). fe)f2) . fe)f3 ) an d fe)f4 ) o f thi s sectio nshal l b e reporte d inaccordanc e wit h86.090-21(b)f3 ) o r 86.091-21fb)f3) . 12 . Ad d ne w

subparagrap h(ef ) t o read : ff ) Gaseou s Fue l Specification s fo r 198 8 Throug h199 3 Mode l 

## Yea r Vehicles . (1 ) Gaseou s fuel s representativ e o f commercia l gaseou s fuel s whic hwil l b e generall y availabl e throug hretai l outlet s i n Californi a o r liqui d petroleu m ga s havin g th e AST M D183 5 o r NGP A HD- 5 specificatio nshal l b e use d i nservic e accumulation . (2 ) Liqui d petroleu m ga s havin g th e AST M D183 5 o r NGP A

HD- 5 specificatio nshal l b e use d fo r exhaus t an d evaporativ e emissio n testing . (3 ) Natura l ga s representativ e o f commercia l natura l ga s whic h wil l b e generall y

availabl e throug hretai l outlet s i nCaliforni a shal l b e use d fo r exhaus t emissio ntesting . B- 4P.6 7

(4 ) Writte napprova l from th e Administrato r o f th e fue l specification s mus t b e provide d prio r t o th e star t o f th e testing . (5 ) Fo r dedicate d gaseous - an d dual-fuele d vehicle s an d fo r hybri d electri c vehicle s whic hus e gaseous-fuele d engines , th e mileag e accumulatio nfue l fo r bot hdurability-dat a vehicle s an d emission-dat a vehicle s shal l b e conducte d wit hon e fuel . Fo r vehicle s designe d t o operat e o nnatura l gas , natura l ga s whic h meet s th e requirement s o f (3 ) shal l b e used . Fo r vehicle s designe d t o operat e o nliquifie d petroleum gas , liquifie d petroleum

ga s whic hmeet s th e requirement s o f (2 ) shal l b e used . f6 ) Th e specification s se t fort hinsubparagrap hfg ) ma v be use d a s a

noptio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r vehicles . 13 . Ad d ne w

subparagrap hfg ) t o read : Xi ) Gaseou s Fue l Specification s fo r 199 4 and Subsequen t Mode l Yea r Vehicles . Xl ) Liouifie d petroleum ga s meetin g th e specification s liste d inTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 6 shal l b e use d inservic e accumulatio nand fo r exhaus t an d evaporativ e emissio ntesting . f2 ) Natura l ga s meetin g th e specification s liste d inTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 5 shal l b e use d inservic e accumulatio nan d fo r exhaus t emissio ntesting . XI ) Fo r dedicate d gaseous - an d dual-fuele d vehicle s and fo r hybri d electri c vehicle s whic hus e gaseous-fuele d engines , th e mileag e accumulatio nfue l fo r bot hdurabi1itv-dat a vehicle s an d emission-dat a vehicle s shal l b e conducte d wit hon e fuel . F_Q£
_ vehicle s designe d t o operat e o nnatura l gas , natura l ga s whic h meet s th e requirement s o f (2 ) shal l b e used . Fo r vehicle s designe d t o operat e o nliouifie d petroleum gas , liouifie d petroleum

ga s whic hmeet s th e requirement s o f fl ) shal l b e used .



### B- 5P.6 8

APPENDI XC

Propose dAmendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s andTes t Procedure s fo r 198 5 an dSubsequen t Mode l Heavy-dut y

Diese l Engine s andVehicle sP.6 9



### PROPOSE D

Stat e o f Californi a AI RRESOURCE S BOAR D

CALIFORNI A

EXHAUS T EMISSION

STANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S FOR198 5 AND SUBSEQUEN T MODE L HEAVY-DUT YDIESEL-ENGINE S AN D VEHICLE S

Adopted : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : 

### Apri l 8 , 198 5

Jul y 29 , 198 6 Januar y 22 , 199 0 Ma y 15 , 199 0 Decembe r 26 , 199 0 Jul y 12 , 199 1P.7 0

NOTE : Thi s documen t i s printe di na styl e t o indicat e amendment s t o th e existin g standard s andtes t procedures . Th e amendment s mad e inth e presen t rulemakin g ar e show

ni nunde r 1in e t o indicat e addition s t o th e tex t an d stMkeea t t o indicat e deletions . Thi s documen t incorporate s b y referenc e variou s section s o f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulations , som e wit hmodifications . Th e symbo l "***** " mean s tha t th e remainde r o f th e federa l tex t fo r a specifi c section , whic hi s no t show n i nthes e procedures , ha s bee ninclude db y reference , wit honl y th e printe d tex t changed . Th e symbol s "##### " mea ntha t th e remainde r o f th e tex t o f thes e procedure s fo r a specifi c section , whic hi s no t show ni nthi s amendmen t document , ha s no t bee nchanged .P.7 1

CALIFORNI A

EXHAUS T EMISSIO N

STANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S FO R198 5 AN D SUBSEQUEN T MODE L HEAVY-DUT YDIESEL-ENGINE S AND VEHICLE S # # # # # 86.1313-9 0 Fue l specifications . Apri l 11 , 1989 .

# # # # # (b)(4)X_UMethano l fue l use d i nservic e accumulatio no f 199 1 throug h 199 3 model-vea r methanol-fuele d diese l engine s shal l be representativ e o f commerciall y

available methano l fuel . Methano l use d i nfue l fo r exhaus t emissio ntesting o f 199 1 throug h199 3 model-vea r methanol fuele d diese l engine s shal l be chemica l grad e methanol._Ih£
_ specification s se t fort hi nsubparagrap hfb)f4)fii ) ma v be use d a s a

n optio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r engines . fbWaUii ) Methano l fue l use d i nservic e accumulatio nan d exhaus t emissio ntesting fo r 199 4 an d subsequen t model-vea r methanol-fuele d diese l engine s shal l mee t th e specification s inTitl e 13 . CCR . section s 2292. 1 o r 2292. 2 a s applicable . Gasolin e a s specifie d i n subparagrap h9fa ) o f th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio nStandard s an d Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 8 an d Subsequen t Mode l Passenge r Cars . Light dut v Trucks , an

d Med1um-dut v

Vehicle s ma v

b e use d a s a

nalternativ e fo r th e blendin g gasolin e a s specifie d inSectio n2292. 2 o f Titl e 13 . £TJ L Th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e specificatio nfo r th e blendin g gasolin e ma v b e disregarded , however , th e fina l blen d tes t fue l fo r al l testing reouirln o fue l a s specifie d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292. 2 mus t mee t th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e requirement s a s specifie d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.2 . fb)f4Uii1 ) Fue l additive s an d ignitio nimprover s intende d fo r us e i n methano l tes t fuel s shal l b e subjec t t o th e approva l o f th e Executiv e Officer . I norde r fo r suc happrova l t o b e granted , a manufacture r mus t demonstrat e tha t emission s wil l no t b e adversel y affecte d b

y th e us e o f th e fue l additiv e o r Ignitio nimprover .

AD D SUBPARAGRAP H (Ee. ) T O READ : (e ) Natura l Ga s an

d Liquefie d Petroleu m Ga s Tes t Fuel . (e)(1 ) Natura l Ga s Tes t Fuel . feUlU D Natura l ga s use d i nservic e accumulatio nfo r 199 0 throug h 199 3 model-vea r diese l engine s shal l b e representativ e o f commercia l natura l ga s whic hi s generall y available . Natura l ga s meetin g th e specification s below , o r substantiall y equivalen t specification s approve d by

th e Executiv e Officer , shal l b e use d i nexhaus t emissio n testin g fo r 199 0 throug h199 3 model-vea r diese l engines . Th e specification s se t fort hi nsubparagrap hfeUlUii ) ma v b e use d a s a

n optio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r engines .



### C- lP.7 2

Natura l Ga s Emissio nTes t Fue l Specificatio n Specificatio n
Wobb e Numbe r Valu e Toleranc e
135 0 •/ - 0.5 1 Calculatio n Metho d AST M D 194 5 Usin g AG A Bulleti nNo . 3 6 Hydrocarbon s (expresse d a s percen t o f tota l organi c carbo npresent ) Methan e 88 1 •/ - 0.5 1 Ethan e 8 1 •/ - 0.3 1 C ~ and highe r H C 4 1 +/ - 0.2 1 C c an d highe r HC 0.5 1 maximu m Tota l unsaturate d H C 0.5 1 maximu m Othe r Specie s (expresse d a s mol e percent ) AST M D AST M D AST M D AST M D AST M D 194 5 194 5 194 5 194 5 265 0

Hydroge n Carbo nMonoxid e Othe r Requirement s 0.1 1 0.1 1 maximu

m maximu m AST M

0 265 0 ASTMT ) 265 0

1 . Fre e from

liquid s ove r th e entir e rang e o f temperature s an d pressure s encountere d I nth e engin e and fue l system . 2 . Fre e from

soli d particulat e matter . feUlUI D Natura l ga s use d 1 nservic e accumulatio nan d exhaus t emissio ntestin g fo r 199 4 an d subsequen t model-vea r diese l engine s 

## shal l mee t th e specification s liste di nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.5 , (e)(2)Xi l Liquefie d Petroleu

m Ga s Tes t Fuel , Liquefie d petroleu m ga s use d i

n servic e accumulatio nfo r 199 0 throug h199 3 model-vea r diese l engine s shal l b e representativ e o f commercia l liquefie d petroleu m ga s whic hi s generall y

availabl e throug hretai l outlets . Liquefie d petroleu m ga s use d 1nexhaus t and evaporativ e emissiontestin g fo r 199 0 throug h199 3 model-yea r diese l engine s shal l conform t o NGP A

HD- 5 specification . Th e specification s se t fort hi nsubparagrap hfe)fl)fii ) ma v b e use d a s a noptio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r engines . 

## (e)(2)(H ) Liquefie dpetroleu m ga s use di

nservic e accumulatio nan

di n exhaus t an

d evaporativ e emissio ntestin g fo r 199 4 an d subsequen t model vea r diese l engine s shal l mee t th e specification s liste d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.6 . (e)(3 ) Th e specificatio nrang e o f th e fuel s t o b e use d unde r paragraph s (e)(1 ) an

d (e)(2 ) o f thi s sectio nshal l b e reporte d i naccordanc e wit h 86.090-21(b)(3) .


### C- 2P.7 3

APPENDI XD

Propose d Amendment s t o th e Californi a Exhaus t Emissio n Standard s and Tes t Procedure s fo r 198 7 an d Subsequen t Mode l

Heavy-dut yOtto-cycl e Engine s an d Vehicle s ^P.7 4

PROPOSE D

Stat e o f Californi a AI R RESOURCE S BOAR D

CALIFORNI AEXHAUS T EMISSIO NSTANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S

FO R 198 7 AN D SUBSEQUEN T MODE L HEAVY-DUT Y OTTO-CYCL E ENGINE S AN D VEHICLE S

Adopted : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : Amended : Apri l 25 , 198 6

Jun e 2 , 198 8 Januar y 22 , 199 0 Ma y15 , 199 0 Decembe r 26 , 199 0 Jul y12 , 199 1P.7 5

NOTE : Thi s documen t i s printe di na styl e t o indicat e amendment s t o th e standard s an

dtes t procedures . Th e amendment s mad e i nth e presen t rulemakin g ar e show

ni nunderlin e t o indicat e addition s t o th e tex t an d stF4keeu t t o indicat e deletions . Thi s documen t incorporate s b y referenc e variou s section s o f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulations , some wit hmodifications . Th e symbo l "***** " mean s tha t th e remainde r o f th e federa l tex t fo r a specifi c section , whic hi s no t show n i nthes e procedures , ha s bee ninclude db y reference , wit honl y th e printe d tex t changed . Th e symbol s "##### " mea ntha t th e remainde r o f th e tex t o f thes e procedure s fo r a specifi c section , whic hi s no t show ninthi s amendmen t document , ha s no t bee nchanged .P.7 6

CALIFORNI A

EXHAUS T EMISSIO N

STANDARD S AN D TES T PROCEDURE S FOR198 7 AN D SUBSEQUEN T MODE L HEAVY-DUT Y

OTTO-CYCL E ENGINE S AN D VEHICLE S # # # # # Subpar t N , Emissio nRegulation s fo r Ne w Otto-cycl e an

d Diese l Heavy-Dut y Engines ; Gaseou s an d Particulat e Exhaus t Tes t Procedure s # # # # # 86.1313-9 0 Fue l specifications . Apri l 11 , 1989 .

**** * (AU^M.- Methanol-Gasolin e Fue l Specification s fo r 199 3 Model-Yea r Engines . Methano l fue l use d i nservic e accumulatio no f methanol fuele d otto-cycl e engine s shal l b e representativ e o f commerciall y availabl e methano l fuel . Methano l use d i nfue l fo r exhaus t emissio n testin g shal l b e chemica l grad e methanol . Fo r fuel-flexibl e vehicle s an d engines , th e gasolin e use d fo r blendin g fue l fo r us e i nservic e accumulatio nshal l b e representativ e o f commercia l regula r unleade d gasolin e whic hwil l b e generall y availabl e throug hretai l outlets . Gasolin e use d fo r blendin g fue l fo r us e i nemissio ntestin g shal l confor m wit hth e unleade d gasolin e specificatio nnote d i nparagrap h (a ) above . Th e requirement s se t fort hi nsubparagrap hfa)(3)fii ) ma v b e use d a s anoptio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r vehicles . faU3UH ) Methanol-Gasolin e Fue l Specification s fo r 199 4 and Subsequen t Model-Yea r Engines . Methano l fue l use d i nservic e accumulatio nan

d exhaus t emissio ntestin g o f methanol-fuele d otto cvcl e engine s shal l mee t th e specification s liste d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . section s 2292. 1 o r 2292. 2 a s applicable . Fo r fuel-flexibl e vehicle s an d engines , th e gasolin e use d fo r blendin g fue l fo r us e i nservic e accumulatio nan

d emissio ntesting , excep t fo r tha t gasolin e use d t o creat e th e fue l blen d a s specifie d inTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.2 . shal l b e representativ e o f commercia l unleade d gasolin e whic hwil l b e generall y

availabl e throug hretai l outlets . Gasolin e a s specifie d i n paragrap hfa ) abov e ma v b e use d a s a

nalternativ e fo r th e blendin g gasolin e specifie d inSectio n2292. 2 o f Titl e 13 . CCR . Th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e specificatio nfo r th e gasolin e specifie d i nparagrap h fa ) abov e ma v

b e disregarded : however , th e fina l blen d tes t fue l fo r al l testin g requirin g fue l a s specifie d i nSectio n2292. 2 o f Titl e 13 . CCR . mus t mee t th e Rei d vaoo r pressur e requiremen t a s specifie d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.2 . fa)f3)(111 ) Fue l additive s an d ignitio nimprover s intende d fo r us e i n methano l tes t fuel s shal l b e subjec t t o th e approva l o f th e Executiv e Officer . I norde r fo r suc happrova l t o b e granted , a manufacture r mus t demonstrat e tha t emission s wil l no t b e adversel y affecte d b

y th e us e o f th e fue l additiv e o r ignitio nImprover .

AD D SUBPARAGRAP H (e ) T O READ : (e ) Natura l Gas an

d Liquefie d Petroleu m Ga s Tes t Fue l D- 1P.7 7

(e)(l)Xi) . Natura l Ga s Tes t Fuel . Natura l ga s use d i nservic e accumulatio nfo r 199 0 throug h199 3 modal-yea r engine s shal l b e representativ e o f commercia l natura l ga s whic hi s generall y available . Natura l ga s meetin g th e specifications below , or substantiall y

equivalen t specification s approve d b y th e Executiv e Officer , shal l b e use d i nexhaus t emissio ntestin g fo r 199 0 through 199 3 model-vea r engines . Th e SPeClfJCfltJQn S Se t fort hi n subparagraphfe)fl)fii ) ma v b e use d a s a

noptio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r vehicles .

Natura l Ga s Emissio nTes t Fue l Specificatio n Specificatio n Valu e Toleranc e Calculatio n 

### Metho d Wobb e Numbe r 135 0 •/ - 0.5 1 AST M 0 194 5 Usin g AGA Bulleti n No . 3 6 Hydrocarbon s (expresse d a s percen t o f tota l organi c carbo npresent ) Methan e Ethan e C , an d highe r H C C g an d highe r H C Tota l unsaturate d H C 88 1 8 1 4 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 •/ - 0.5 1

•/ - 0.3 1 •/ - 0.2 1 ma ximu m maximu m Othe r Species (expresse d a s mol e percent ) Hydroge n Carbo nMonoxid e 0.1 1 0.1 1 maximu

m maximu m AST M

AST M AST M 194 5 194 5 194 5 AST M 0 194 5 AST M D 265 0

AST M D 265 0 AST M D 265 0 Othe r Requirement s 1 . Fre e from

liquid s ove r th e entir e rang e o f temperature s an d pressure s encountere d 1 nth e engin e an

d fue l system . 2 . Fre e from

soli d particulat e matter . felMHi nNatura l ga s use d 1 nservic e accumulatio nan d i nexhaus t emissio ntestin g fo r 199 4 an d subsequen t model-vea r engine s shal l mee t th e specification s liste d i nTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.5 . 

### (e)(2)X U Liquefie d Petroleu

m Ga s Tes t Fuel . Liquefie d petroleu m ga s use d i

n servic e accumulatio nfo r 199 0 throug h199 3 model-vea r engine s shal l b e representativ e o f commercia l liquefie d petroleu m ga s whic hi s generall y

availabl e throug hretai l outlets . Liquefie d petroleu m ga s use d i nexhaus t an

d evaporativ e emissio ntestin g fo r 199 0 throug h 199 3 model-vea r engine s shal l conform t o NGP A

HD- 5 specification . Th e specifications se t fort hi nsubparagraphfeU2)M1 ) ma v b e use d a s a noptio nfo r 199 3 model-vea r vehicles . D- 2P.7 8

fe)f?)fii ) Liquefie d petroleum ga s fue l tha t wil l b e use d i nservic e accumulatio nan

d inexhaus t an

d evaporativ e emissio ntestin g fo r 199 4 and subsequen t model-vea r engine s shal l mee t th e specification s liste d inTitl e 13 . CCR . Sectio n2292.6 . (e)(3 ) Th e specificatio nrang e o f th e fuel s t o b e use d unde r paragraph s (e)(1 ) and (e)(2 ) o f thi s sectio nshal l b e reporte d inaccordanc e wit h86.090-21(b)(3) . # # # # #



### D- 3P.7 9

APPENDI XE AST M Draf t Compressio nIgnitio nMethano l Fue l Specificatio n7/91- 1P.8 0



### :ompressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification , '91-1 , ?aa e 1
Thi s documen t i s par t o f th e AST M standard s proces s an d i s fo r AST M committe e us e only
. I t shal l no t b e reproduce d j ^ ,-j t -Gsirj * o r circulate d o r quoted , i n whol e o r i n part , outsid e th e |§3 r *f t B * • AS 

### TM committe e activitie s excep t wit h th e approva l o f th e '*^
. j^. 2 U

chairma n o f th e committe e havin g jurisdictio n o r th e L 

### ' ' " Presiden t o f th e Societ y

Committe e D02.E 2 Draf t 3. 0 Dat e 7/01/9 1

PROPOSE D STANDAR D SPECIFICATIO NFO R , COMPRESSIONIGNITIONMETHANO L BASE D FUEL *
1
. SCOP E 1. 1 Thi s propose d standar d specificatio n cover s a compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l whic h contain s les s tha n 2 % hydrocarbons
. Th e significanc e o f thi s specificatio n i s show n i n Appendi x XI .
1.2
. Thi s specificatio n i s intende d fo r us e b ypurchasin g agencie s i n formulatin g specification s fo r purchase s o f compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l fo r flee t use .
1. 3 Thi s specification , unles s othervis e provide d b yagreemen t betwee n th e purchase r an d th e supplier , prescribe s th e require d propertie s o f compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l a t th e tim e an d plac e o f delivery
.

2
. REFERENCE D DOCUMENT S 2. 1 AST M Standard s D 5 6 Tes t Metho d fo r Flas h Poin t b yTa g Close d Tester 2 

### D 38 1 Tes t Metho d fo r Existen t Gu mi n Fuel s b

yJe t Evaporation 2


### 1
. Thi s propose d specificatio n i s unde r th e jurisdictio n o f AST M Committe e D0 2 o n Petroleu mProduct s an

d Lubricant s an

d i s th e direc t responsibilit yo f D02. E o n Diesel , Burne r and Turbin e Fuel s 2
. Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 5.01P.8 1



### :cmpressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. ~ / 

### 9l-l
. Pac e 2
3 39 1 Tes t Metho d fo r Specifi c Gravity , Apparent , o f liqui d

Industria l Chemicals 3 

### D 107 8 Tes t Metho d fo r Distillatio n Rang e o f Volatil e 4 Organi c Liquid s 4 D 115 2 Standar d Specificatio n fo r Methano l D 161 3 Tes t Metho d fo r Acidit yi n Volatil e Solvent s and Chemica l

Intermediate s Use d i n Paint , Varnish , Lacquer , an d Relate d 4 Product s D 227 6 Tes t Method s fo r Particulat e Contaminan t i n Aviatio n 2 Turbin e Fuel s D 262 2 Tes t Metho d fo r Sulfu r i n Petroleu mProduct s (X-ra

y Spectrographi c Method ) D 298 8 Tes t Metho d fo r Water-Solubl e Halid e Io n i n 5

Halogenate d Organi c Solvent s and Thei r Admixture s D 323 1 Tes t Metho d fo r Phosphoru s i n Gasolin e D 323 7 Tes t Metho d fo r Lea d i n Gasolin e byAtomi c Absorptio n

Spectrometr y D 324 4 Standar d Practic e fo r Utilizatio n o f Tes t Dat a t o Determin e 2 Conformanc e wit h Specification s D 405 7 Standar d Practic e fo r Manua l Samplin g o f Petroleu m Product s D 417 6 Tes t Metho d fo r Fre e Wate r an d Particulat e Contaminatio n i n Distillat e Fuel s (Clea r an d Brigh t Pass/Fai l Proceedings ' 3 

### D 481 5 Tes t Metho d fo r Determinin g C l o r C 4 Alcohol s and MTB E i n 3 Gasolin e b

yGa s Chromatograph y 1 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 5.0 1 2 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 5.0 2 3 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 5.0 3 4 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 6.0 3 5 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 15,0 5 

# DRAF TP.8 2



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. ~/°l-l
. Pag e 2
Z 2 0 3 Tes t Metho d fo r Wate r Usin g Kar l Fische r Reagent * Z 3 0 0 Recommende d Practic e fo r Samplin g Industria l Chemicals "

2.TERMINOLOG

Y 3. 1 Definitions : 3.1. 1 Methano l (99.85 % grade ) wit h impuritie s an d wate r a s define d i n D1152 , Standar d Specificatio n fo r Methano l (Methy l alcohol)
.
3. 2 Descriptio n o f Term s Specifi c t o thi s Propose d Specificatio n 3.3. 1 Compressio n Ignitio n - a proces s o f rapi d oxidatio n (combustion ) o f a fue l a s a resul t o f bein g injecte d int o th e hig h temperature , pressur e condition s o f th e combustio n chambe r o f a n interna l combustio n engine
. 3.2. 2 Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l - methano l containin g a performanc e an d safet yadditive , an d impuritie s includin g water . Nominall y96% , b yvolume , minimummethano l content .

4
. MATERIAL S AN D MANUFACTUR E 4. 1 Additive s ma yb e adde d t o methano l fo r purpose s o f identificatio n and safety , an d t o enhanc e engin e durabilit yan d performance
. Additiv e package s ma yb e classifie d b yfunctio n a s performanc e and safety , an d might , fo r example , contai n th e followin g type s o f components :
1 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 6.0 3 2 Annua l Boo k o f Standards , Volum e 15.0 5 

# DRAF TP.8 3



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification." " '91-1
. ?aa e 4
4.1. 1 Performanc e Additive s 4.1.1. 1 Detergen t 4.1.1. 2 Corrosio n Inhibito r 4.1.1. 3 Fue l Syste mLubrican t 4.1. 2 Safet yAdditive s 4.1.2. 1 Colorin g Agen t 4.1.2. 2 Odorou s additiv e 4.1.2. 3 Tast e bitterin g compoun d 4.1.2. 4 Luminosit yadditiv e

4. 2 I n transportatio n an d storage , compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l shoul d no t b e expose d t o thos e plastics , polymers , o r othe r material s known t o b e swolle n o r dissolve d b ymethanol
. Th e
us e o f an

ymateria l fo r storag e o r transpor t whic h i s leachabl e b y methanol , suc h a s phthalat e esters , mus t b e avoided
.

5 . CHEMICAL COMPOSITIO NAN D PHYSICA L PROPERTIE S

5. 1 Compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l shal l conformt o th e requirement s liste d i n Tabl e 1 a s supplie d a t th e tim e an d plac e o f delivery
. Th e Specifie d Limit s o f Tabl e 1 ar e base d o n a singl e determinatio n an d ar e t o b e considere d a s Critica l Specification s b y D 3244
.P.8 4



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification , "/91-1 , Pag e =
TABL E 1 DETAILE D CHEMICA L AN D PHYSICA L PROPERTIE S O F COMPRESSIONIGNITIO NMETHANO L FUE L CONSTITUENT Distillatio n Rang e C , max , a t 95 % b

y volum e distille d Othe r alcohol s an

d Ethers , m% , ma x Hydrocarbons , Gasolin e o r Diese l Fue l Derive d m% , ma x SPECIFIE D LIMI T
4. 0 (Mus t includ e 64. 6 - 0. 1 W 

### C )

Flas h Point , ° C Specifi c Gravity , Apparen t Appearanc e Acidity , ra % , ma x Water , m% , ma x Tota l Particulates , mg/L , ma x Gum , heptan e washed , mg/L , ma x Tota l Chlorine , a s Chloride , mg/L , ma x Lead , mg/L , ma x Phosphorus , mg/L , ma x Sulfur , m

% , ma x Additive s 1 0 + 2 ANALYTICA L METHO D

D 107 8
D 481 5

Tes t Metho d bein g Develope d D 5 6
0.79 2 i 0.00 2 @ 20/2 0 ° C Fre e o f Turbidity , Suspende d Suspende d Matte r an d Sedimen t 0.03 , a s Aceti c Aci d 0.3 0

2 2 0. 2 0.0 1 Se e Not e 2 D 89 1 Se e Not e 1
D E
D 161 3 20 3
227 6

D 38 1
D 298 8 D 323 7 D 323 1 D 312 0

1
. Visuall ydetermine d a t 2 5 ° C b yProcedur e Ao f D 417 6 unles s otherwis e agree d upo n betwee n buye r and seller
. 2
. Additive s ma yb e adde d t o compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l t o enhanc e performanc e an d safet yaspects . Se e Sectio n 4.1
.



# DRAF T

### Compressio n ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification , ~/91-l
. Pag e 5

5 . SAMPLIN

G

6. 1 Sampl e i n accordanc e wit h AST M Z 3 0 0 fo r simpl e liquids
. Additiona l samplin g instruction s ma yb e foun d i n th e section s c f AST M 405 7 pertainin g t o gasolin e an d distillat e fuels , howeve r certai n container s specifie d i n thes e Practice s shoul d no t b e use d du e t o meta l contamination
. Th e onl yapprove d containe r materia l fo r samplin g methano l i s glass
.

6.2 " Aminimumsampl e siz e o f abou t 1 L o r 1 U.S . q t i s recommended
.

7 . NUMBE R O F TEST S AND RETEST S

7. 1 Th e Specifie d Limit s o f thi s specificatio n ar e base d o n a singl e tes t analysi s an d ar e t o b e considere d a s critica l specification s base d upo n th e criteri a o f D 3244
. Resolutio n o f dispute s ove r whethe r a materia l lo t conform s t o thi s specificatio n
ma yb e mad e usin g thi s Standar d Practice
.

7. 2 Th e numbe r o f sample s and resample s take n i s dependen t upo n th e metho d o f deliver y(tan k truck , railcar , o r pipeline , fo r example) , th e siz e an d configuratio n o f th e tankage , an d b y agreemen t o f th e supplie r an d user . 

# DRAF TP.8 6



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification , "/91-1 , Pag e 7
3
. TES T METHOD S

3. 1 Th e propertie s describe d i n thi s propose d specificatio n shal l b e determine d i n accordanc e wit h th e followin g methods
.

NOT E 1 AST M tes t method s hav e no t ye t bee n develope d fo r al l th e

propertie s specified
. I n addition , th e appropriatenes s o f som e tes t procedure s a t th e constituen t concentration s require d ha s no t bee n full ydemonstrated
. 8.1. 1 Distillatio n Rang e - Tes t Metho d D1078
. Repor t correcte d temperature s fo r initia l and 95 % volum e of f boilin g points
. Th e temperatur e rang e mus t includ e th e th e standar d boilin g poin t o f methanol
.

8.1. 2 othe r Alcohol s an d Ether s - Tes t Metho d D 4815
. Althoug h primaril yapplicabl e t o gasolin e blends , th e tes t metho d
ma yb e use d satisfactorily , withou t modification , fo r compressio n ignitio n methanol
.

3.1. 3 Hydrocarbons , Gasolin e o r Diese l Fue l Derive d - Th e tes t metho d fo r thi s propert yi s base d o n ga s chromatography , howeve r th e specifi c methodologyi s bein g developed
.

8.1. 4 Specifi c Gravity , Apparen t - Tes t Metho d D 891
. Thi s tes t metho d include s bot h hydromete r and pycnomete r methods
. Whil e bot h provid e adequat e precisio n fo r thi s specification , th e pycnomete r wil l b e considere d th e refere e method
. 

# DRAF T

### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. "V91-1
. ?aa e S
8.1. 5 Appearanc e - Tes t Metho d D 41 7 6
. Othe r procedure s may b e used , however , D4176 , Procedur e Awil l b e considere d th e refere e method
.

8.1. 6 Acidit y- Tes t Metho d D 161 3

8.1. 7 Wate r Conten t - Tes t Metho d E 20 3

8.1. 8 Tota l Particulate s - Tes t Metho d D 2276
. Thi s metho d
mus t b e modifie d fo r methano l analysis
. Th e cellulos e acetat e membran e filte r specifie d b yth e metho d i s replace d wit h a nylo n filter
. Por e siz e continue s t o b e 0. 8 micron
.

NOT E 2 : Cellulos e acetat e dissolve s i n methanol
.

8.1. 9 Existen t Gumi n Fuel s b yJe t Evaporatio n - Tes t Metho d D 3 81
. Thi s tes t metho d provide s fo r determinatio n o f existen t an d unwashe d gram

s i n moto r gasolin e an d aircraf t fuel
. Fo r thi s specification , th e procedur e fo r heptan e washe d existen t gum s i n moto r gasolin e shoul d b e followed
.

8.1.1 0 Tota l Chlorin e a s Chlorid e - Tes t Metho d D 2988
. Thi s metho d require s verificatio n o f it' s appropriatenes s wit h methanol
.

8.1.1 1 Lea d - Tes t Metho d D 3237
. Thi s tes t metho d provide s fo r th e determinatio n o f lea d i n gasoline
. Blank s an d calibratio n standard s shoul d b e prepare d i n methanol
. 

# DRAF TP.8 8



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. ~/9l-l
. Pao e 9

8.1.1 2 Phosphoru s - Tes t Metho d D 3 23 1

3.1.1 3 Sulfu r - Tes t Metho d D 262 2 o r D 3120
. Sulfu r mayb e determine d b

yMetho d D 2 62 2 howeve r calibratio n standard s and blank s shoul d b e prepare d i n methanol
. Thi s metho d ma yno t b e applicabl e
a t th e lo w level s specifie d i n Tabl e 1
. Metho d D 31 2 0 i s directl y applicabl e an

d i s considere d th e refere e method
.
9 KEYWORD S

9. 1 Compressio n Ignitio n Engin e Fue l 9. 2 Methano l Fue l 9. 3 Diese l Engin e Fue l 9. 4 Alternat e Fue l 9. 5 Specification



# DRAF T_E£9

_



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification

. "-'91-i

. Pag e 1 0
APPENDI X (Nonmandator y Information )

X I SIGNIFICANC E O F PROPOSE D AST M SPECIFICATIO NFO R COMPRESSIO N IGNITIONMETHANO L FUE L

Xl. l Introductio n

XI.1. 1 Aprimar yconsideratio n i n th e developmen t o f th e compressio n ignitio n methano l fuele d engin e wa s th e capabilit yt o drasticall yreduc e th e exhaus t particulat e emission s compare d t o diese l fue l compressio n ignitio n engines
. Thi s specificatio n .wa s develope d t o provid e a fue l purit ysufficien t t o maintai n lo w exhaus t emission s ah d provid e maximumengin e durability
. Som e impurities , suc h a s hydrocarbon s and othe r alcohol s ar e les s critica l t o thes e objective s and ar e therefor e permitte d a t highe r levels
. Conversely , certai n impurities , suc h a s water , hav e bee n foun d t o dramaticall yreduc e engin e fue l system durability , an

d therefor e necessitatin g a lowe r specifie d limit
. Th e inten t o f thi s specificatio n i s t o provid e a fue l o f sufficien t purit ywithou t requirin g th e highe r purit ylevel s associate d wit h a chemica l grad e produc t suc h a s specifie d i n D 1152
.


# DRAF TP.9 0



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. ~/9l-l
. Pag e 1 1
XI. 2 Propertie s

XI.2. 1 Th e Distillatio n Rang e o f compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l specifie s a boilin g rang e whic h i s dependen t upo n methano l content . Th e nomina l boilin g poin t o f methano l i s 64. 6 C . A4 C temperatur e rang e i s permitte d t o b e consisten t wit h othe r specifie d limits
. XI.2. 2 Othe r alcohol s an d ether s ar e permitte d up t o 2 % mas s maximum
. Smal l amount s o f variou s alcohol s an d ether s ar e anticipate d i n th e manufacturin g process . A t th e specifie d limi t
no t detrimen t ha s bee n observe d towar d emission s o r engin e durability
.

XI.2. 3 Hydrocarbo n impuritie s ar e generall yassociate d wit h handlin g practices
. Compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l i s frequentl ydistribute d throug h th e sam e pipelin e o r bul k deliver y syste ma s othe r fue l products
. Hydrocarbon s abov e 2% , mas s adversel yimpact s th e particulat e exhaus t emissio n characteristic s o f th e compressio n ignitio n methano l engine
. I f present , thes e hydrocarbo n impuritie s ar e restricte d t o gasolin e o r diese l fuels
. Hig h boilin g hydrocarbon s suc h a s fromcrud e oi l o r lubricatin g oil s ar e no t permissibl e du e t o fue l injectio n syste m foulin g an

d combustio n deposits
.

XI.2. 4 Flas h poin t i s importan t fro ma safet ystandpoint
. Larg e quantitie s o f highl yvolatil e impuritie s suc h a s gasolin e ca n reduc e flas h poin t thereb yincreasin g th e flamabilit yhazards
.



# DRAF TP.9 1



### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. 7/91-1 , Pag e 1 2
XI.2. 5 Specifi c gravit yprovide s a fas t an d relativel ysimpl e tes t fo r purit yo f compressio n ignitio n methano l fuel
. Th e presenc e o f wate r wil l tend t o increas e specifi c gravity , whil e othe r impuritie s wil l reduc e it
. Thi s tes t alone , however , i s no t sufficien t t o determin e whethe r th e fue l meet s thi s specification
. Specifi c gravit yi s als o importan t t o engin e operation , a s th e fue l i s delivere d t o th e combustio n chambe r volumetrically
. Alo w specifi c gravit yma yresul t i n a lowe r engin e powe r output .

XI.2. 6 Th e visua l appearanc e o f compressio n ignitio n methano l fue l indicate s th e presenc e o f impurities
. Turbidity , discoloration , o r sedimen t ar e indicatio n o f poo r fue l qualit yan d
ma yadversel yeffec t th e operatio n o f th e engine
.

XI.2. 7 Acidit yi s a measur e o f th e concentratio n o f low molecula r weigh t organi c acid s suc h a s aceti c an d formi c acid s which , whe n combine d wit h water , ar e highl ycorrosiv e t o man y metals
. Analysi s o f typica l methano l fue l sample s ha s show n acidit y conten t a s hig h a s 0.00 5 % mass . Th e specificatio n permit s 0.0 3 %
mas s maximu

m whic h represent s a leve l estimate d t o hav e a potentia l impac t o n engin e fue l syste mdurability
.

XI.2. 8 Wate r i s th e mos t critica l impurit yidentifie d a s impactin g engin e durabilit yan d operation
. Laborator ytestin g ha s reveale d tha t methano l fue l containin g wate r content s abov e 0. 3 0 % hav e 

# DRAF T

### Compressio n Ignitio n Methano l Fue l Specification
. 7/91-1
. Pag e 1 3

7 t o 3 time s th e potentia l o f pluggin g fue l injecto r tip s tha n wate r content s belo w thi s concentrations
. I n fiel d engine s reduce d injecto r lif e du e t o pluggin g ha s bee n identifie d whe n wate r content s excee d 0.30%
. XI.2. 9 Tota l Particulate s conten t represen t insolubl e materia l whic h ma yb e introduce d throug h distribution , storage , o r handling
. Particulat e impuritie s greate r tha n th e amount s specifie d wil l resul t i n shorte r fue l filte r life
.
XI.2.1 0 Residue s remainin g i n fue l methano l afte r evaporatio n
ma yb e determine d b yth e Tes t Metho d fo r Existen t Gums . Suc h residue s represen t impuritie s introduce d through th e methano l fue l distributio n system , specifically , fro mhoses , tanks , and linings
. The yar e generall ymaterial s o f relativel yhigh boilin g point s whic h hav e bee n found t o fou l engin e fue l injector s i n fiel d engines
.
XI.2.1 1 Chlorin e containin g impurities , whethe r inorganic , chlorides , o r organi c ar e corrosiv e t o man ymetal s i n ver ylow concentrations
.

XI.2.1 2 Lea d and Phosphoru s hav e bee n foun d t o poiso n exhaus t aftertreatmen t catalyst s use d i n gasolin e fuele d vehicles
. I t i s anticipate d tha t suc h device s wil l als o b e utilize d o n methano l fuele d vehicle s t o furthe r contro l exhaus t emissions
.

XI.2.1 3 Sulfu r conten t i s controlle d t o protec t agains t engin e wear , deterioratio n o f engin e oil , corrosio n o f exhaus t system ?arts , an

d exhaus t catalys t deactivation
. 

# DRAF TP.5 3

APPENDI XF AST M D- 2 Proposa l P-232 , Draf t 8-9-91 : Fue l Methano l (M-85 ) fo r Automotiv e Spark-ignitio nEngine sP.9 4

Draf t 8-9-9 1 D- 2 Proposa l PXX X Thi s documen t i s par t o f th e AST M standard s proces s an d i s fo r AST M committe e us e only

. I t shal l no t b e reproduce d o rcirculate d o rquoted , i n whol e o ri n par t outsid e o f AST M committe e activitie s excep t wit h th e approva l o f th e chairma n o f th e committe e havin g jurisdictio n o rth e Presiden t o f th e Society

. Thi s propose d specificatio n ha s n o statu s a s a n AST M standar d an d i s publishe d o n behal f o f th e sponsorin g committe e fo rinformatio n onl yfo ra maximu m o f tw o years . Comment s ar e solicite d an d shoul d b e addresse d t o th e America n Societ y fo rTestin g an d Materials , 191 6 Rac e St. , Philadelphia , P a 19103

. Whe n referencin g thi s document , th e wor d Proposa l mus t preced e th e P designation

. Propose d specificatio n fo r FUE L METHANO L (M85 ) FO R AUTOMOTIV E SPARK-IGNITIO N ENGINE S 1 1

. Scop e 1. 1 Thi s propose d specificatio n cover s a fue l blend , nominall y85 % b y volum e methano l an d 15 % b yvolum e hydrocarbon s fo rus e i n groun d vehicle s wit h automotiv e spark-ignitio n engines

. Appendi xX I discusse s th e significanc e o f th e propertie s specified

. Appendi xX 2 present s th e curren t statu s i n th e developmen t o f a luminosit ytes t procedur e fo rM85

. 1

. 2 Th e value s state d i n S I unit s ar e th e standard

. 1

. 3 Th e followin g safet yhazar d cavea t pertain s onl yt o th e tes t metho d portions , Annexe s Al , A2 , A 3 an d Appendi xX 2 o f thi s propose d specification

. Thi s propose d specificatio n doe s no t purpor t t o addres s al l o f th e safet y proble m associate d wit h it s use . I t i s th e responsibilit yo f th e use rthi s propose d specificatio n t o establis h appropriat e safet yan d healt h practice s an d determin e th e applicabilit yo f regulator ylimitation s prio rt o use . 2

. Reference d Document s 2. 1 AST M Standards : D 8 6 Metho d fo rDistillatio n o f Petroleu m Product s 2 D 13 0 Metho d fo rDetectio n o f Coppe rCorrosio n fro m Petroleu m Product sP.9 5

b yth e Coppe rStri p Tarnis h Tes t 2 D 51 2 Standar d Tes t Method s fo rChlorid e Io n i n Wate r7 D 52 5 Tes t Metho d fo rOxidatio n Stabilit yo f Gasolin e (Inductio n Perio d Method ) 2 D 119 3 Specificatio n fo rReagen t Wate r7 D 126 6 Tes t Metho d fo rSulfu ri n Petroleu m Product s (Lam p Method ) 2, 3 D 135 3 Tes t Metho d fo rNonvolatil e Matte ri n Volatil e Solvent s fo r Us e i n Paint , Varnish , Lacquer , an d Relate d Product s 5 D 161 3 Tes t Metho d fo rAcidit yi n Volatil e Solvent s an d Chemica l Intermediate s Use d i n Paint , Varnish , Lacque ran d Relate d Product s 5 D 262 2 Tes t Metho d fo rSulfu ri n Petroleu m Product s b yX-Ra ySpectrometr y3 D 298 8 Tes t Metho d fo rWater-Solubl e Halid e Io n i n Halogenate d Organi c Solvent s an d Thei rAdmixture s 6 D 311 6 Tes t Metho d fo rTrac e Amount s o f Lea d i n Gasolin e 3 D 312 0 Tes t Metho d fo rTrac e Quantitie s o f Sulfu ri n Ligh t Liqui d Petroleu m Hydrocarbon s b yOxidativ e Microcoulometr y3 D 322 9 Tes t Metho d fo rLo w Level s o f Lea d i n Gasolin e b yX-Ra y Spectrometr y3 D 323 1 Tes t Metho d fo rPhosphoru s i n Gasolin e 3 D 323 7 Tes t Metho d fo rLea d i n Gasolin e b yAtomi c Absorptio n Spectrometr y3 D 405 7 Practic e fo rManua l Samplin g o f Petroleu m an d Petroleu m Products. 4 D 417 7 Standar d Metho d fo rAutomati c Samplin g o f Petroleu m an d Petroleu m Product s 4 D 430 7 Practic e fo rPreparatio n o f Liqui d Blend s fo rus e a s Analytica l Standard s D 462 6 Practic e fo rCalculatio n o f Ga s Chromatographi c Respons e Factor s D 481 4 Standar d Specificatio n fo rAutomotiv e Spark-Ignitio n Engin e Fue l 4 D 481 5 Tes t Metho d fo rDeterminatio n o f C l t o C 4 Alcohol s an d MTB E i n Gasolin e b yGa s Chromatograph y4 D 495 3 Tes t Metho d fo rVapo rPressur e o f Gasolin e an d Gasoline-Oxygenat e Blend s (Dr yMethod ) 4 E 20 3 Tes t Metho d fo rWate rUsin g Kar l Fische rReagen t 6 E 35 5 Practic e fo rGa s Chromatograph yTerm s an d Relationship s E 114 5 Standar d Specificatio n fo rDenature d Ethy l Alcohol , Formul a 3 A E S 1 4 Emergenc yStandar d Tes t Metho d fo rVapo rPressur e o f Petroleu m Product s (Automati c Method ) E S 1 5 Emergenc yStandar d Tes t Metho d fo rVapo rPressur e o f Petroleu m Product s (Min i Method ) R R D-2-100 7 Manua l o n Determinin g Precisio n Dat a fo rAST M Method s o n Petroleu m Product s an d Lubricant s 3

. Terminolog y 3. 1 Definitions : 3.1. 1 methanol , n- - methy l alcohol , th e chemica l compoun d CH30H

. 3. 2 Descriptio n o f Term s Specifi c t o thi s Specification : 

# DRAF TP.9 6

•_ V -t 3.2. 1 hydrocarbon--th e hydrocarbo n componen t i n a methanol-hydrocarbo n blend . 3.2. 2 fue l methano l (M85)-- a blen d o f methano l an d hydrocarbon s o f whic h th e methano l portio n i s nominall y 8 5 volum e % . 3.2. 3 highe r alcohol s —aliphati c alcohol s o f th e genera l formul a °CnH(2 n + l)O H wit h n bein g 2 t o 8 . 4 . M8 5 Fue l Performanc e Requirement s 4. 1 Fue l Methano l (M85 ) shal l confor m t o th e followin g requirements . Methano l plu s highe r alcohols , minimum , volum e Highe r Alcohol s (C2-C8 ) maximum , volum e % Hydrocarbon/aliphati c ethe r blend s containin g u p t o 2. 7 wt % oxygen , volum e % Vapo r Pressure , kP a (psi )
Luminosit y Acidity , a s aceti c acid , maximum , mas s % Nonvolatil e Matter , maximum , mg/10 0 m L Tota l Chlorin e a s Chlorides , maximum , mas s % Lead , maximum , grams/litr e Phosphorus , maximum , grams/litr e Appearanc e

Water , maximum , mas s % Sulfur , maximum , mas s ° 8 5 2 13-1 5 Summe r 48-6 2 (7.0-9.0 ) Intermediat e 62-7 5 (9.0-11.0 ) Winte r 75-9 0 (11.0-13.0 ) Shal l produc e a luminou s flam e throughou t th e entir e bur n duration . 0.00 5 5 0.000 2 0.00 2 0.000 2 Th e produc t shal l b e visibl y fre e o f suspende d o r precipitate d contaminant s (clea r an d bright) . Thi s shal l b e determine d a t indoo r ambien t temperature s unles s otherwis e agree d upo n betwee n th e supplie r an d th e purchaser . 0. 5 0.0 1 Not e 1 Mos t o f th e requirement s cite d ar e base d o n th e bes t technica l informatio n currentl y available . Requirement s fo r Sulfur , Phosphorus , an d Lea d ar e base d o n th e us e o f gasolin e define d i n Specificatio n D 481 4 a t th e 1 5 volum e % leve l an d th e understandin g tha t contro l o f thes e element s wil l affec t catalys t lifetime , especiall y i f bas e meta l catalyst s ar e use d wit h dedicate d M8 5 vehicles . A s greate r experienc e i s gaine d fro m fiel d us e o f M8 5 vehicles , i t i s expecte d tha t man y o f thes e requirement s wil l chang e t o bette r reflec t performanc e requirements . 

# DRAF T_P.9Z

_

4.1. 1 Summe rclas s volatilit yshal l b e use d i n thos e geographica l area s an d time s indicate d fo rA , A/B , B/ A an d B volatilit yclas s fuel s i n Tabl e 2 o f Specificatio n D 4814

. Intermediat e clas s volatilit yshal l b e use d i n thos e area s an d time s fo rB/C , C/B , C , C/ D an d D/ C volatilit yfuels

. Winte r clas s shal l b e use d fo rthos e geographica l area s an d time s indicate d fo r D , D/E , E/ D an d E volatilit yfuels

. 4.1. 2 Th e hydrocarbon s use d shal l hav e a fina l maximu m boilin g poin t o f 22 5 de g C b yMetho d D 86 , oxidatio n stabilit yo f 24 0 minute s minimu m b yTes t Metho d D 52 5 an d No. l maximu m coppe rstri p corrosio n b yMetho d D 130

. Th e hydrocarbon s ma ycontai n aliphati c ether s a s blendin g component s a s ar e customaril yuse d fo rmoto rfuel

. Not e 2 Us e o f gasolin e containin g 3 0 volum e % aromatic s o f typica l carbo n numbe rdistributio n fo rth e non-methano l portio n o f th e M8 5 ha s bee n generall y demonstrate d t o mee t th e luminosit yrequirement

. Som e commerciall yavailabl e gasoline s a t 3 0 volum e o aromatic s leve l hav e bee n show n no t t o mee t th e luminosit yrequirement

. 5

. Samplin g 5. 1 Sampl e i n accordanc e wit h Practic e D 4057 , excep t tha t wate rdisplacemen t (10.3.1. 8 o f Practic e D 4057 ) mus t no t b e used

. 5. 2 Wher e practical , M8 5 shoul d b e sample d i n glas s containers

. I f sample s mus t b e collecte d i n meta l containers , d o no t us e soldere d meta l containers

. Thi s i s becaus e th e solderin g flu xi n th e container s an d lea d i n th e solde rca n contaminat e th e sample

. Plasti c container s shoul d b e avoided

. 5. 3 A minimu m sampl e siz e o f abou t 1 L o r1 U.S

. q t i s recommended

. G

. Tes t Method s 6. 1 Th e requirement s enumerate d i n thi s propose d specificatio n shal l b e determine d i n accordanc e wit h th e followin g methods : Not e 3 Th e appropriatenes s o f AST M method s cite d ha s no t bee n demonstrate d fo rus e wit h M85

. I n addition , tes t method s propose d i n th e Annexe s an d Appendice s ar e i n th e developmenta l stage s o rlac k precisio n determinations

. 6.1. 1 Methanol
- Anne xAl

. Verificatio n o f th e appropriatenes s o f thi s metho d i s underway

. A draf t procedur e fo rth e metho d a s propose d fo rFue l Methano l (M85 ) i s attache d a s Anne xA1

. 

# DRAF TP.9 8

6.1. 2 Hydrocarbon
- Tes t Metho d D 481 5 ha s bee n use d t o determin e highe r alcohols , methy l tertiar ybuty l ethe r(MTBE) , an d water , i f th e G C i s equippe d wit h a therma l conductivit ydetector

. A s a n alternative , wate rca n b e determine d b yKar l Fische r(se e 6.1.10)

. Th e concentratio n o f methanol , othe ralcohols , MTB E an d wate rca n b e added , an d th e su m subtracte d fro m 10 0 t o ge t th e percen t o f hydrocarbons

. A n alternativ e metho d whic h yield s th e su m o f hydrocarbon s an d MTB E i s containe d i n Anne xA2

. 6.1. 3 Vapo rPressure
- Tes t Method s D 4953 , E S 14 , o rE S 15

. 6.1. 4 Luminosity
- Appendi xX 2 contain s a procedur e fo rmeasurin g th e luminosit yo f M8 5 fuel

. However , lac k o f a suitabl e criteri a fo restablishin g th e relevanc yo f th e procedur e make s i t unusabl e a s th e basi s o f a specificatio n a t thi s time

. I t i s intende d tha t a tes t wil l b e develope d whic h wil l alleviat e th e necessit yo f a compositiona l criteri a i n orde rt o mee t th e luminosit yrequirement

. 6.1. 5 Acidity
- Tes t Metho d D 1613

. 6.1. 6 Nonvolatil e Matter
- Tes t Metho d D 1353

. 6.1. 7 Tota l Chlorin e a s Chloride
- Tes t Metho d D 312 0 modifie d t o utiliz e a chlorid e sensitiv e microcoulometri c detecto rha s bee n use d fo rtota l chlorin e a t th e level s specifie d i n thi s specification

. Inorgani c Chlorid e ca n b e determine d b yTes t Method s D 51 2 C o rD 2988

. A n alternat e metho d fo rinorgani c chlorid e i s foun d i n Anne xA3

. 6.1. 8 Lea d - Tes t Method s D 3116 , D 323 7 o rD 3229

. Wit h Tes t Metho d D 3229 , th e calibratio n standard s shal l b e prepare d usin g methano l a s th e solven t t o preven t error s cause d b ylarg e difference s i n carbon-hydroge n ratios

. 6.1. 9 Phosphorus
- Tes t Metho d D 3231

. 6.1.1 0 Water
- Tes t Metho d E 203

. 6.1.1 1 Sulfur
- Tes t Method s D 1266 , D 2622 , o rD 3120

. Wit h Tes t Metho d D 2622 , th e calibratio n standard s shal l b e prepare d usin g methano l a s th e solven t t o preven t carbon-hydroge n rati o cause d errors . 7

. Ke yWord s 7. 1 automotiv e spark-ignitio n engin e fuel ; methanol ; M85 ; coppe rcorrosion ; oxidatio n stability ; sulfur ; acidity ; water ; chloride ; tota l chlorine
phosphorus ; vapo rpressure ; lead ; hydrocarbon ; luminosity ; nonvolatil e matter ; alcohol ; oxygenates ; MTBE ; volatility ; 

# DRAF TP.9 9

fue l methano l (M85 ) fo rautomotiv e spark-ignitio n engines , ethe r
1

. Thi s propose d specificatio n i s unde rth e jurisdictio n o f Committe e D- 2 o n Petroleu m Product s an d Lubricant s an d i s th e direc t responsibilit yo f Subcommitte e D02. A o n Gasoline

. Referenc e t o th e followin g document s i s t o th e lates t issu e unles s otherwis e specified

. 2. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 05.01

. 3

. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 05.02

. 4

. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 05.03

. 5

. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 06.03

. 6

. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 15.05

. 7

. Annua l Boo k

o f AST M Standards , Vo l 11.01

. JMD:jm d Augus t 9 , 199 1 Doc # DRAF T D071000 5



# RAF TP. 1

Annexe s (Mandator y Informatio n i

Al . PROPOSED TES T METHOD FO RDETERMINATIO N O F METHANO L I N FUEL METHANO L (M85 ) FO RAUTOMOTIV

E SPARK-IGNITIO N ENGINES 8

Al.l . Scop e A1.1.1 . Thi s propose d tes tmetho d cover s aprocedur e fordeterminatio n o f

methano l i n fue l methanol (M85 ) by Ga s Chromatography . Thi s proposed testmethod i s appropriat e fo rfuel s containin g 7 5 t o 9 5 volum e & methanol . Al.1.2 . Th e value s state d in acceptabl e SI unit s ar e i o be regarde

d a s the standard .

A 1.2 . Terminolog y A 1.2.1 . Description s o f Term s Specifi c t

o thi s Proposed Tes tMetho d Al.2.1.1 . Low Volum e Connecto r- special union fo rconnectin g tw o length s o f tubin g 1.6m

m I.D . an d smalle rals o referred t o a s azero dead volum e union . A 1.2.1.2 . Spli tRati o - in ga s chromatograph y using capillar

y columns , the rati o o f

the tota l flow of th e carrie rga s to the sampl e inle tv s th e flo w o f carrie rga s t o the capillary column . Al. l 1.3 . WCO T - abbreviatio n fo ratyp e o f capillar y column , wal l coate d ope n tubular, use d i n gas chromatography . Thi s typ e o f column i s prepare

d by coaun g the insid e o f the capillar

y wit h athin film o f

stationar y phase . A 1.2.1.4 . TCEP- 123-tris-2-cyanoethoxypropane . agas chromatographi c liqui d phase .

A 1.3 . Summar

y o f Propose d Tes tMetho d A 1.3.1 . An interna

l standard , tertiar

y amy l alcohol , i s adde

d to the sampl e whic h i s the n introduced into a ga s chromatograph equippe d wit h tw o column s an

d acolum n switchin g valve . Th e sampl e passe s into the firstcolumn , apolarTCEPcolum n tha telute s lighte rhydrocarbon s t o ven tand retains the oxygenate d and heavie rhydrocarbons .

8 Thi s propose d tes tmetho d i s unde rth e jurisdictio n o f

AST M Committe e D- 2 o n Petroleu m Product s an d Lubricant s and i s th e directresponsibility o f Subcommittee D02.0 4 o n Hydrocarbo n Analysis . 

# DRAF TP. 2

Methanol in Methanol-Base d Fuel s Pag e 2 A 1.3.2 . Aftermethvicvclopentane . bu tbefor e methanol elute s fro

m th e polarcolumn , the valv e i s switche d t o backflush the oxygenate s ont o aWCO T non-polarcolumn . The methanol and internal standar d elute fro m th e non-polarcolum n i

n boilin g poin

torder , befor

e elutio n o f

an y majo rhydrocarbon constituents . A 1.3.3 . Afterthe interna l standar d elute s fro

m th e non-polarcolumn , th e colum n switchin g valv e i s switche d bac k t o its origina

l positio n t

o backflus h th e heavy hydrocarbons . Th e elute d component s ar e detecte d b

y aflam e ionizatio n o rtherma

l conductivit

y detector . The detecto rresponse , proportiona l to th e componentconcentration , i s recorde i the pea k areas ar

e measured : and th e concentratio n o f methanol i s calculate d wit h reference to the interna l standard .

A 1.4 . Significanc e an d Us e Al.4.1 . Th e production of fue l methanol (M85 ) requires knowledg e o f tn e methanol conten tto insur e acceptabl e commercia

l fue l quality . Th e methanol contentof M8 5 affects the performanc e o f a n automobil e designe d t

o ru n o n M85 . A 1.4.2 . Thi s proposed testmethod i s applicabl e t o bot h qualit y control in th

e productio n o f

fue l methanol (M85 ) an d fo rthe determination o f

fuel contamination .

A 1.5 . Apparatus Al.5.1 . Chromatograph (se e E 35 5 fo rspecifi c description s and definitions ) A 1.5.1.1 . Ga s chromatographic instrumen toperabl e a

tthe condition s give n i

n Tabl e Al.l . and havin g a colum n switchin g and backflushin g syste m equivalentt o Figur e Al.l . Carrierga s flow controllers mus

tbe designe d forus e a

tthe require

d flow rate

s (Tabl e Al.l) . Pressure contro l device s an

d gauge s mustb e designe d fo rus e a tthe pressures required . A 1.5.1.2 . Detecto r- eithe ratherma l conductivity detecto r(TCD ) o rflame ionizatio n detecto r(FID ) ma y b e used . The system musthave sufficien tsensitivity an d stabilit y t o sens e absolut e concen tratio n change s o f

0.0 1 volum e percen to f methanol o rinterna

l standar d a tm e 5 0 volum e percen tlevel . Al.5.1.3 . Switchin g an

d Backflushin g Valv e - A 10-po n valve , t o b e locate d withi n th e ga s chromato graphic column oven , capabl e o f performing the function s describe d i n Sectio n A 1.9 an d illus trate d i n Figur e Al.l . Th e valv e mustb e o f lo w volum e desig n and notcontribut e significantl y to chromatographic deterioration. 9 Al.5.1.4 . Automatic valv e switchin g devic e (strongly recommended t o insur e repeatabl e switchin g times ) - adevic e synchronize d wit h injectio n an d dat

acollectio n times . I

f n o suc h devic e i s

A Vale o Model #CM-VSV-10-H T valv e wit h 1.6 m m (1/1 6 in ) fittings ha

s bee n foun d satisfactory fo r thi s purpose . Thi s i s th

e valv e bein g use d i n th e majorit y o f the analyse s fo rth e developmen to f dat afo r Sectio n A1.13 . A Vale o Model #C10 W with 0. 8 m m (1/3 2 in ) fittings i s recommende d fo rus e wit h column s o f

0.3 2 m m I.D . an d smaller .P. 3

Methano l in Methanol-Base d Fuel s * Pag e 3

available , astopwatch , starte d a tth e tim e o f injecuon . shoul d b e use d t o indicat e the proper valv e switchin g ume . A 1.5.1.5 . Injectio n System • asplitting-typ e inle tdevice . Spli tinjectio n i s necessar y t o maintai n the actua l chromatographed sample siz e withi n the limit s o f colum n an

d detecto roptimum efficienc y an

d linearity . A 1.5.1.6 . Sampl e Introductio n System • an

y syste m capabl e o f

introducing arepresentative sampl e into th e spli tinletdevice . Microlitr e syringes , automati c syring e injectors , an d liqui d samplin g valve s have been use d successfully .

A 1.5.2 . DataPresentatio n o rCalculatio n System : A 1.5.2.1 . Recorde r- arecording potentiometero requivalen twit h afull scal e deflectio n o f 1 m V o rless , and full scal e respons e time of 1 secon d o rless , wit

h sufficientsensitivity an d stability t

o mee t the requirement

s o f A 1.5.1.2 . Al.5.2.2 . Integrato ro rcomputer- device s capabl e o f meetin g the requirement s of Al.5.1.2 . an

d providin g graphic and digita l presentation o f

the chromatographi c data. Pea k height s o rareas ca n b e measured b y computer, electroni c integratio n o rmanua l techniques .

Al.5.3 . Columns . Tw o column s ar e used . A1.5.3.1 . Pola rcolum n - Any colum n wit h equivalen to rbette rchromatographic efficienc y and selectivity to tha tdescribe d i

n Al.5.3.1. 1 ca

n b e used . Th e colum n mustperfor m a tthe sam e temperatur

e a s required fo

rthe column in Al.5.3.2 . Thi s colum n performs apre-separation o f the oxygenate s fro

m volatil e hydrocarbons in th e sam e boilin g pointrange . The oxygenate s an d remainin g hydrocarbons ar e backflushed ont o the non-polarcolum n i n Al.5.3.2 . Al.5.3.1.1 . TCE

Pmicro-packed column 1 0 - 56 0 m m (2 2 in ) x 1.

6 m m (1/1 6 in ) O.D . x 0.3 8 m m (0.01 5 in) I

D stainles s stee l tub e packed wit h 0.1 4 t o 0.1 5 g o f

20 % (wt/wt) TCEPo

n 80/10 0 mes h Chromosor b P(AW) . Thi s colum n i s bein g use d t o develo p Precisio n an

d Bia s da u fo rSectio n A 1.13 .
Al.5.3.2 . Non-pola r(analytical ) column - Any colum n wit h equivalento

rbetterchromatographi c efficienc y an

d selectivity t

o tha tdescribe d i

n Al.5.3.2. 1 and illustrated i n Figure A12 can b e used . Al.5.3.2.1 . WCO T methy l silicon e colum n - 3 0 mete r(1.18 1 in ) lon g x 0.5 3 m m (0.02 1 in) ID fused silic aWCOT colum n wit h a2. 6 u

m fil m thicknes s o f

crosslinke d methyl siloxane . Thi s column i s bein g use d t o develo p Precisio n an

d Bia s dat

afo rSectio n A1.13 .

1 0 Availabl e fro

m Hewlet

tj*acks«i ' Ccmpaiiy . Avondale . PA . 

# DRAF TP. 4

Methano l i n Methanol-BasedFuel s Page 4

A 1.6

. Reagents andMaterial s A1.6.1

. Carrie

r Ga s - Carrie

r gas appropriat

e to the typ e o

f detector used

. Heliu

mha s bee n usedsuccessfuUy

. The minimu

mpurit y o f th e carrie r ga s use dmus t be 99.99 5 mol%

. A 1.6.2

. Methanol • 99.9 % purity

. Requiredt o establish identification b

y retentio n tim

e andfo r calibration

. Mus t b e o f know n purit y an dfre e o f th e othe r component s to b

e analyzed

. (WARNING • Flam

mable

. Healt

h hazard. ) Al.6.3

. tertiary-Amyl alcoho l (2-Methyi-2-Butanol) - 99 % purity

. Use da s the interna

l standard

. (WARNIN

G • Flammable

. Healt

h hazard. ) A 1.6.4

. Methylen

e chloride - Use

dfo r colum n preparation

. Reagen

t grade , fre

e o f non-volatil e residue

. (WARNIN

G - Healt h hazard. ) A 1.6.5

. Nitroge

n - 99.99 8 mol%

. Use dt o prepar e tubing fo

r th e micro-packedTCE

P column

. (WARNING - ga s unde

r pressure. )

A 1.7

. Preparation o

f Colum n Packing A1.7.1

. Preparation o

f TCEP Colum

n Packin g A 1.7.1.1

. An

y satisfactor

y method , use

di n th e practic e o

f the ar t tha t will produc e acolum

n capable o

f retainin g methanol an

dtertiar y amy l alcohol (interna

l standard) fro

mhydrocarbon components o f the same boiling poin

t range i n afue l methanol (M85 ) sampl e ma y b e used

. The followin

g procedur e ha s bee n use dsuccessfully

. Al. l 1.2

. Completely dissolv e lOgofTCEPi n 10 0 m L o f methylene chloride

. Nex

t ad d4 0 g o f 80/100 mes h Chromosor

b P(AW ) t o th e TCE P solution

. Quickl

y transfe r thi s mixtur

e t o a n evaporatin g dish , i

n afum e hood , withou

t scraping an

y o f th e residua l packing fro

mth e side s o f th e container

. Constantly , bu t gently , sti r the packing unti l al l o

f the solven

t ha s evaporated

. Thi s colum

n packing ca

n be use dimmediatel

y t o prepar

e the TCEP column

. A 1.7.2

. Packing o

f Micro-packedTCE

P Colum n A 1.7.2.1

. Wash astraigh

t 56 0 m mlengt h o f 1.6 m mO.D

. (0.3 8 m

mI.D. ) stainles s steel tubing wit h methano l anddr

y wit h compressednitrogen

. A 1.7.2.2

. Inser

t 6-1 2 strand s o

f silveredwire , asmall mesh screen or stainles s steel fri

t inside one end o f the tube

. Slowl

y ad d0.1 4 t o 0.1 5 g o

f packing materia

l t o th e colum n an dgentl y vibrat e t o settl e the packing insid

e th e column

. Whe

n strand s o

f wir e ar e usedt o retain th

e packing materia l inside (h e column , leave 6. 4 m

m(0.2 5 in. ) o

f spac e a t th e top o f th e column

. Plac e wir e or screen in colum

n t o retai n packing

. A 1.7.2.3

. Colum

n Conditioning - Bot

h th e TCE P an dWCO T column s ar

e t o be briefl

y conditioned befor e use . Connect

th e column s t

o th e valve (se e A 1.9.1 ) i

n th e chromatographi c oven . Adjust th e carrier ga s flows a s i

n A 1.9. 3 an

dplac e the valv e i

n the RESE

T position

. Afte

r 

# DRAF TP. 5

Methanol in Methanol-Base d Fuel s Page 5

severa l minutes , increas e the colum n ove n temperatur e t o 120° C an

d maintain thes e condition s fo r5 t o 1 0 minutes . Coo l the column s belo w 60° C befor e shuttin c of

f the earne rflow .

A 1.8 . Sampling Al.8.1 . T o obtain sample s fo rthi s propose d testmethod , us e procedures outline d i n Practic e D 405 7 or Method D 417 7 excep ttha twaterdisplacemen t(paragrap h 10.3.1. 8 o f

Practic e D 4057 ) mustno t b e used . A 1.8.2 . Fue

l sample s mustb e store d unde rrefrigeration until the laborator y sub-sampl e i s take

n foranalysis . An y laborator

y sub-sample s mus tals o b e refrigerated if the y ar e no tt o b e analyze d immediately . A 1.8.3 . Thoroughly shak e the sampl e containe rpriort o withdrawing an

y sub-sampl e fo ranalysis . Allo w an y particulat

e matte rto settl e to th

e bottom of

the sub-sampl e container . Inspectthe sub-sampl e forevidenc e o f

phas e separation . I

f phas e separation i s detected , the sampl e i s invali d an d ane w sampl e mustb e requested .

A 1.9 . Preparatio

n o f Apparatu

s and Establishmento f

Condition s A 1.9.1 . Assembl y - Connectth e WCO T colum n t o the valv e syste m usin g lo w volum e connector s an d narro w bor e tubing . I

ti s importan

tto minimiz e the volum e o f the chromatographi c syste m tha t come s i n contactwit

h the sample , otherwis e pea k broadening wil l occur . Al.9.2 . Adjustth

e operating condition s t

o thos e liste d i n Tabl e Al.l . (If aTC D i s bein g use d d o no ttur n on the detecto rcircuits. ) Chec k the syste m forleaks befor e proceedin g further

. Al.9.3 . Ro w Rat

e Adjustment(se e Figur e Al.l ) A 1.9.3.1 . Attac

h aflow measurin g devic e t o the colum n ventwidi th e valv e i n the RESE T positio n an d adjustthe pressur

e to the injectio n por

tt o giv e 5. 0 mL/min flo w < 1 4 psig) . Soap bubble flow meter s ar e suitable . Al.9.3.2 . Attac

h aflow measurin g devic e t o th e spli tinjecto rventand adjus tthe flo w fro m the spli tvent usin g th e A flo w controlle rto giv e aflo w o f 7 0 mL/min . Rechec k th e colum n ven tflo w set in A 1.9.3. 1 and adjustif necessary . Al.9.3.3 . Switch the valv e to the BACKFLUS H positio n and adjustth e variable restricto rt o giv e the same colum n ventflow se tin Al.9.3.1 . Thi s i s necessar y t o minimiz e flo w change s when the valv e i s switched . A 1.9.3.4 . Switch th

e valv e t o th e injectpositio n RESE T and adjustthe B flo w controlle rto giv e aflo w o f 3.0-3. 2 mL/mi n a

tthe detecto rexit . Whe

n required fo rth

e particularinstrumentation used , ad d makeu p flo w o rTC D switchin g flo w t o giv e atota l o f 2 1 mL/mi n a

tthe detecto rexit . A 1.9.4 . Whe

n atherma

l conductivity detecto ri s used , tur n o n the filamentcurrentand allo w the detecto rt o equilibrate . When aflam e ionizatio n detecto ri s used , se tth e hydroge n an d ai rflows , ignite the flame, an d tu m o n the electrometer . 

# DRAF TP. 6

Methanol in Methanol-Base d Fuel s Pag e 6 A1.9.5 . Valv e Switc h Time s - The times forswitchin g the valv e t o th e BACKFLUS H positio n an d the n bac k t o th e RESE T positio n wil l var y slightl y fo reach colum n system an d mustb e determine d experimen tall y a s follows . The star ttime o f the integrato rand valv e timermustb e synchronize d wit h the injectio n t o accurately reproduc e the backflus h time . Al.9.5.1 . Prepar

e ablend consistin g of

. approximately , 4 0 volume % methanol . 1 0 volume % gasolin e (methanol-free) . an

d 5 0 volume % tertiary-amy l alcoho l (interna

l standard. ) A 1.9.5.2 . Initially assum e avalv e BACKFLUS H time o f 0.2 3 minute . Wit

h the valv e in th e RESE T position , injec

t1 u L o f the blend prepare

d above . A

t0.2 3 minut

e afterthe injection , rotat e the valv e t

o th e BACKFLUS H positio n and leav e i tther e unti l the complet e elutio n o f interna l standar d i s realized. Note thi s tim e a s th e RESE T time and return th e valv e t o th e RESE T position . Whe

n al l o f the remaining hydrocarbons ar e backflushed . th e signa l wil l retur n t o a stabl e baselin e and the syste m i s ready fe w anotheranalysis . The chromatogra m shoul d appear simila rto tha

tillustrated i

n Figure A 1.2 . Al.9.5.3 . I

ti s necessar

y t o optimiz e the valv e BACKFLUS H time b y analyzin g the blen d prepare d i n Al.9.5.1 . Th

e correc tBACKFLUS H time i s determined experimentall y b y usin g valv e switchin g times between 0. 2 an d 0. 3 minute . Whe

n th e valv e i s switche d to o soon . C 5 an d lighte rhydrocarbon

s wil l b e backflushe d an d wil l co-elute in the oxygenat e sectio n o f the chromatogram . Whe

n th e valv e BACKFLUS H i s switche d to o late , par to ral l o f th e methano l wil l b e vente d resulting i n a n incorrectmethanol measurement.

ALIO . Calibratio n A1.10.1 . Prepar

e a tleas tthre

e differentblend s o f

methanol in gasolin e whic h i s known t

o b e fre e o f

methanol an d tertiary-amy

l alcohol . Refe rto Practic e D 430 7 fo rpreparatio

n o f liqui d blends . Volum e percentconcentration s fo reac h componen tmustb e calculate d a tthe temperatur

e o f interest . Thes e blend s mustb e a

tknown concentration s bracketing the methano l concentration s o f

interest . A 1.10.2 . Analyz e each calibration blend a s describe d i n Sectio n Al. l 1 . A 1.10.3 . Measur

e th e pea k area s o f methanol an

d o f th e interna l standar d b y eithe rmanua

l method s ora

n electroni c integrator. Calculat e the relativ e volum e respons e factorfo rmetiiano l relativ e t

o th e interna l standard , according t

o Practice D 4626 .

Al. l 1 . Procedure Al. l 1.1 . Preparatio

n o f Sample - Remov e the sampl e fro m refrigeratio

n an d withdra

w asub-sampl e fo

r analysi s a s described i

n A 1.8.3 . Allo w the sub-sample , interna l standard , and an y volumetri c apparatu s employe d t

o equilibrat

e a tthe temperatur

e of interes tAccuratel y add aknow n volum e o f the interna

l standard, tertiary-amy l alcohol , t

o a n accuratel

y measured volum e o f sample . Concentration s o f

fort y (40 ) to sixty (60 ) volum e percen thave been use d successfully . Al. l 1.2 . Chromatographic Analysi s - Introduc e arepresentative aliquoto f di e sample , containin g interna l standard , into th

e chromatograph and us e the valv e switch times determined i n A 1.9.5 . A n injectio n volum e o f

lu L wit h a15: 1 spli trati o has been used successfully . 

# DRAF TP. 7

Methano l in Methanol-Base d Fuel s Pag e 7 A 1.11.3 . Interpretation o f Chromatogra

m - Compar

e the result

s o f sampl e analyse s t

o thos e o f

calibratio n analyse s to determine identification o f methanol and interna

l standar d present.

A 1.12 . Calculatio n A 1.12.1 . Afte ridentifyin g th e methanol peak , measur

e its areaand tha

to f di e interna

l standard . Calculate th e volum e percento f

methanol as follows :

RR V (M)xV(S)xA(M) (Al.l ) V(M) = 100 x . A(S)xV(F)
V(M ) = Volum e percen tof metiianol . V(S ) = Volum e o f interna l standar d (tertiary-amyl alcohol ) added . V(F ) = Volum e o f fue l sampl e taken . A(M ) = Pea

k are aorheigh tof

methanol . A(S ) = Pea

k are aorheighto f

th e interna l standar d (tertiary-amyl alcohol) . RR V (M ) = relative volum e respons e facto rformetiiano l

(relativ e to the interna

l standard) .
Al.12.2 . Repor

tthe volum e percen

tof metiiano l t o the neares t0. 1 volumes .

A1.13 . Precisio n and Bia s A 1.13.1 . Precisio n - Th e precisio n o f thi s proposed tes tmetho d formeasuring methanol in methanol-base d fuel s i s bein g determined . Al.13.2 . Bia s - Th e bia s o f thi s proposed testmetho d ha s notbee n determined .

A 1.14 . Ke

y Word s A 1.14.1 . Alcohols : Ga s Chromatography : Fue l Methanol : M85 : Methanol : Oxygenates . 

# DRAF TP. 8

Methano l i n Methanol-Base d Fuel s Pae e 8

Tabl e Al.l . Chromatographic Operating Conditions

Temperatures : Column Ove n 60° C Injecto r200° C Detecto r-TC D 200° C

- FID 250° C Valv e 60° C Flows : mL/min t o Injector Colum n Auxiliar y Makeu p 7 5

5 ' 3 18

Carrie rGas : Heliu

m Sampl e size . u

L i Spli tratio 15: 1 Backflush . min 0. 2 - 0. 3 Valv e resettime , min 8-1 0 Total analvsi s time , mi

n 18 - 2 0

Tabl e A 1.2 . Retentio n Characteristic s fo rTCEP/WCO T Colum

n Se t Condition s a s i

n Tabl e Al.l .

Component Methanol t-Amy l Alcoho l Retentio n

Time , min 3.2 1 7.3 0 Relativ e Retention Tim e

(t-Amyl Alcoho l = 1.00 )

0.4 4 1.00 

# DRAF TP. 9

Methanol in Methanol-Base d Fuel s Paee 9

COLUM N VEN T

DETECTO R ADJUSTABL E RESTRICTO R <- POLA R CTCEP D

COLUM N



## n—^—&-> BACKPRESSUR E

REGULATO R

NON-POLA R CWCOT ^ COLUM N 

### 4 i

_ rTVsPLI T NJECTO R 

# _x FLO W CONTROLLER S 

### Valv e i n RESE T Positio n

COLUM N VEN T

DETECTO R ADJUSTABL E RESTRICTO R POLA R CTCEP ^ COLUM N

NON-POLA R CWCOT } COLUM N 

## 4 ^

_ FLO W 

### rf\sPLi T INJECTO R



## _ 1 BACKPRESSUR E

REGULATO R

CONTROLLER S 

## Valv e i n BACKFLUS H Positio n Figur e Al.l . Schemati c o f Chromatographic System 

# RAF TP.1 0

Methanol i

n Methanol-BasedFuel s Page 1 0

terriarv-Amvl

Alcoho l

Methanol i

Ethano

l MTB E

Figur e A1.2 . Example o

f Chromatographic Results 4 mi n 5 mi

n 6 mi

n 7 mi

n 8 mi

n 9 min 

# DRAF TP.1 1

A2

. PROPOSE D TES T METHO D FO R DETERMINATIO N O F HYDROCARBO N CONTE N O F FUE L METHANO L (M85 ) FO R SPARK-IGNITIO N ENGINE S A2. 1 Scop e A2.1. 1 Thi s Propose d Tes t Metho d describe s a procedur e t o determin e th e hydrocarbo n conten t o f Fue l Methano l (M85)

. A2.1. 2 Th e value s i n S I unit s ar e th e standard

. A2. 2 Summar yo f th e Propose d Tes t Metho d A2.2. 1 Th e Propose d Tes t Metho d i s base d o n th e Babcoc k tes t fo rbutte ri n mil k products

. I t consist s o f additio n o f Fue l Methano l (M85 ) t o a sodiu m chlorid e solutio n followe d b yadditio n o f wate rt o caus e phas e separatio n o f th e hydrocarbon s whic h i s the n visuall ymeasure d i n th e Babcoc k flask

. A2. 3 Significanc e an d Us e A2.3. 1 Maintenanc e o f a specifie d proportio n o f hydrocarbo n t o methano l ha s importanc e i n th e starting , operatio n an d emissio n performanc e o f vehicle s designe d t o operat e o n Fue l Methano l (M85 ) an d th e productio n o f a visibl e flam e i n th e even t o f a fue l fir e involvin g Fue l Methano l (M85)

. A2. 4 Apparatu s A2.4. 1 Babcoc k

Flask , Babcoc k

Mil k Bottl e (Borosilicat e glas s t o mee t Associatio n o f Officia l Analytica l Chemist s (AOAC ) specifications , 165 mm , 1 8 gram)

. A2.4. 2 Disposabl e syringe s o rclea n pipettes , 1 0 m L +/ " 0. 1 mL

. A2.4. 3 Centrifug e capabl e o f holdin g Babcoc k flask s an d operatin g a t 150 0 rpm . A2. 5 Reagent s an d Material s A2.5. 1 1 0 weigh t % Sodiu m Chlorid e (NaCl ) solution

. A2.5. 2 Distille d water , Specificatio n D 1193 , Typ e IV

. A2. 6 Procedur e A2.6. 1 Plac e 2 0 m L o f a 1 0 weigh t ° u NaC l solutio n int o a n 8° d Babcoc k

flask

. Introduc e 1 0 m L o f th e tes t Fue l Methano l (M85 ) wit h us e o f a pipett e o r syringe

. Stoppe ran d shak e fo r1 minute

. Ad d wate rsufficien t t o rea d betwee n 7. 5 an d 8. 0 o n th e Babcoc k scale

. Plac e th e stoppere d flas k int o a centrifug e fo r5 minute s a t 150 0 rpm . Rea d an d recor d th e volum e percentag e directl yfro m th e nec k o f th e Babcoc k

bottle

. Thi s i s don e b ysubtractin gP.1 2

th e readin g a t th e liquid/liqui d interfac e fro m tha t o f th e uppe rmeniscus

. Multipl yb y2 t o obtai n th e % hydrocarbo n b yvolum e i n th e tes t Fue l Methano l (M85)

. A2. 7 Precisio n an d Bia s A2.7. 1 Th e precisio n o f thi s Propose d Tes t Metho d fo rmeasurin g th e hydrocarbo n conten t o f fue l methano l (M85 ) i s bein g determined

. A2.7. 2 Th e bia s o f thi s Propose d Tes t Metho d ha s no t bee n determined

. A2. 8 Ke yWords : A2.8. 1 hydrocarbo n content ; fue l methano l (M85) ; spark-ignitio n engines ; phas e separation ; Babcoc k test . JMD:jm d Augus t 9 , 199 1 Doc s DRAF T ANNX 2



# DRAF TP.1 3

A3

. PROPOSE D TES T METHO D FO R DETERMINATIO N O F INORGANI C CHLORI D I N FUE L METHANO L (M85 ) FO R AUTOMOTIV E SPARK-IGNITIO N ENGINE S
A3. 1 Scop e A3.1. 1 Thi s propose d tes t metho d cover s a procedur e t o determin e inorgani c chlorid e i n Fue l Methano l i n th e rang e o f concentration s 0. 4 t o 2. 0 ppm . A3.1. 2 Th e value s state d i n S I unit s ar e th e standard

. A3. 2 Summar yo f th e Propose d Tes t Metho d A3.2. 1 Th e sampl e i s concentrated , acidifie d an d treate d wit h silve r nitrate

. Th e turbidit yi s visuall ycompare d wit h standards

. A3. 3 Significanc e an d Us e A3.3. 1 Becaus e o f th e corrosiv e natur e o f inorgani c chlorid e t o th e fue l system s o f interna l combustio n engines , a mean s t o measur e lo w level s o f inorgani c chlorid e i n Fue l Methano l i s required

. A3. 4 Apparatu s A3.4. 1 Distillatio n apparatu s - 50 0 m L distillatio n flask , condense ran d 25 0 m L graduate d cylinde ra s collector

. A3.4. 2 Nessle rtubes , 10 0 mL , matched , tal l form

. A3. 5 Reagent s an d Material s _hfvO.
- A3.5. 1 Nitri c Aci d (HN03 f solutio n ( 1 par t 15. 7 M aci d t o 1 par t demineralize d water)

. (WARNING-corrosive

. Healt h Hazard. ) A3.5. 2 Silve rNitrat e solution , 0. 1 M

. (WARNING

. Healt h hazard. ) A3.5. 3 Methanol , halid e an d sulfid e fre e b ydistillation

. (WARNING
flammable

. Healt h hazard. ) A3.5. 4 Demineralize d water , halid e an d sulfid e free

. A3.5. 5 Sodiu m Chlorid e (NaCl)

. A3. 6 Standard s A3.6. 1 Dissolv e 0.84 5 g o f dr ySodiu m Chlorid e (NaCl ) i n halid e an d sulfid e fre e wate ran d dilut e t o on e litr e i n a volumetri c flask

. Mi xthoroughl yan d labe l solutio n A (0. 5 m g CI/mL)

. 

# DRAF TP.1 4

A3.6. 2 Pipe t 1 0 m L o f solutio n A int o a 1 litr e volumetri c flask

. Dilut e t o volum e wit h halid e an d sulfid e fre e water

. Mi xthoroughl yan d labe l solutio n B (0.00 5 m g CI/mL)

. A3.6. 3 I n matchin g Nessle rtubes , prepar e th e followin g standards : Blan k 1 2 3 4 5 Sol n B , m L (pipet ) 0. 0 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 Methanol , m L CCl-free ) 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 Q0 A3.6. 4 Fo reac h standar d follo w step s o f 3.7. 4 t o 3.7. 8 o f Procedure

. A3.6. 5 Th e turbidit ystandard s ar e affecte d b yligh t an d ar e no t stable

. Prepar e fres h standard s (fro m solutio n B ) fo reac h grou p o f samples

. A3. 7 Procedur e / r ' r^7 : •j, A3.7. 1 Clea n ai l glasswar e wjt h I M HN0 3 an d rins e wit h demineralize d wate r an d halid e an d sulfid e fre e methanol

. A3.7. 2 Measur e 32 0 m L o f sampl e i n a graduate d cylinde ran d pu t int o th e distillatio n flask , ad d boilin g beads

. Distil l th e sampl e int o a graduate d cylinde runti l 24 0 m L o f th e distillat e i s obtained

. Us e 4 m L o f th e concentrate d residu e fro m th e distillatio n flas k a s follows

. A3.7. 3 Ad d a 4 m L sampl e t o a 10 0 m L Nessle rtube

. A3.7. 4 Ad d 8 0 m L o f halid e an d sulfid e fre e methano l t o th e sampl e i n th e Nessle rtube

. A3.7. 5 Dilut e th e content s o f al l tube s (sampl e an d standards ) t o th e 10 0 m L mar k

wit h halid e an d sulfid e fre e water

. A3.7. 6 Pipe t 2 m L o f Nitri c Aci d solutio n ( 1 par t 15. 7 M aci d t o 1 par t demineralize d water ) int o eac h tube

. A3.7. 7 Pipe t 1 m L o f 0. 1 M silve rnitrat e solutio n int o eac h tube

. A3.7. 8 Stoppe ran d mi xthoroughl yb yinverting

. A3.7. 9 Allo w th e tube s t o stan d i n th e dar k fo r5 minutes

. Visuall y compar e th e sampl e t o th e standar d solution s whil e lookin g verticall yagains t a blac k background

. Recor d th e millilitre s o f standar d solutio n B whic h matche s th e sample

. A3. 8 Calculation s (A)(B)(0.001)(10qq0Q0)/(320/80)(f).(0.79 ) = pp m C l (A3.1 ) Where : A = m L o f Sol n B whic h matche d sampl e B = m g CI/m L o f Sbl n B •--•• • 0.00 1 = mg["'t o " g 320/8 0 = concentratio n facto r 4 = m L o f sampl e 0.7 9 = relativ e densit yo f Methano l A3. 9 Precisio n an d Bia s 

# DRAF TP.1 5



### APPENDI X (Nonmandator

y Information )

XI . SIGNIFICANC E O F PROPOSED SPECIFICATIO N FO R FUE L METHANOL FO R AUTOMOTIV

E SPARK-IGNITIO

N ENGINE S (M85 )
XI. 1 Methano l XI.1. 1 Th e methano l conten t o f M8 5 i s a crucia l paramete r a s i t affect s the capability of the fue l metering syste m o f th e M8 5 vehicl e t o establis hthe prope r air/fue l rati o for optimu m vehicl e operation . Thi s i s muc hles s o f a concern fo r multi-fuel-capabl e vehicle s than for dedicated M8 5 vehicles . Methano l conten t affect s th e lubricatio

n propertie s of th e fue l an

d affect s th

e wate r toleranc e o f the M85 . XI . 1. 2 The inclusio n o f impuritie s an

d contaminants , excep t fo r th e deliberatel y

adde d hydrocarbon s and/o r additives , ca n impac t adversel y

o n the propertie s an d performanc e o f fue l methano l (M85 ) a s a

n automotiv

e spark-ignitio

n engin e fuel . Th e quantitie s o f som e o f thes e material s ar e limited b y specified property limits . Trac e amount s o f unspecified material s includin g highe r alcohols , methy l formate , acetone , an d dimethy l ethe r ca n b e present . Th e maximu m limi t o

n water , th e maximu m limi t o

n highe r alcohols , an

d minimum-maximu

m limit s o

n hydrocarbon conten t contro l th e amoun t o f som

e impuritie s an

d contaminants .
XI. 2 Hydrocarbon XI.2. 1 Hydrocarbon s ar e deliberatel y adde d t o provide improve d col d startabilit y an d cold-star t an

d warmu p driveability . The additio

n o f hydrocarbon s als o contribute s t o flam e visibility (luminou s flame) , nonexplosiv e air/fue l mixture s i n storag e tank s (ric hmixtur e vapo r space) , an d denaturation (malodorant an d tast e deterrent) . The hydrocarbon portio n o f the fue l mus t b e unleaded . XI.2. 2 The proposed specification doe s no t contro l th e compositio

n o f the hydrocarbon s added t o the fue l methanol . However , th

e hydrocarbon s shal l b e stable , noncorrosive , an d b e i n th e boilin

g rang e o f spark-ignitio n engin e fue l a s specified i n D 4814 . N

o minimu

m aromatic s conten t i s specified becaus e th e luminosity

limi t control s flam e visibility .
XI. 3 Vapo r Pressur e XI.3. 1 Th e additio n of volatil e hydrocarbon s improve s col d startability . Th e additio n of to o muc hvolatil e hydrocarbon*---^ n caus e ho t fue l handlin g problems . Highe r vapo r pressure s are



# DRAF TP.1 6

A3.9. 1 Th e precisio n o f thi s propose d tes t metho d fo rmeasurin g inorgani c chlorid e i n fue l methano l i s bein g determined

. A3.9. 2 Th e bia s o f thi s propose d tes t metho d ha s no t bee n determined

. A3.1 0 Ke yWord s A3.10. 1 fue l methano l (M85) ; spark-ignitio n engines ; chloride ; inorgani c chloride ; turbidit ystandards ; turbidity ; silve rnitrate

. JMD:jm d Augus t 12 , 199 1 Doc # DRAF T ANNX 4



# RAF TP.1 7



### required in th

e wintertim

e fo r col d startin

g an d lowe r vapor pressure s ar e needed in th e summertim

e t o preven t ho t fue l handlin g problems . Excessiv e vapo r pressur e for a give n ambien t conditio n ca n contribut e t o evaporativ e emissions . Lowe r an d uppe r limit s o

n vapor pressur e for thre e volatilit y classe s ar e use d t o defin e th e acceptabl e rang e o f the volatil e component s t o insur e prope r vehicl e performance .
XI. 4 Luminosit y XI.4. 1 When pur e methano l burns , i t produce s a blue , smokeless , nonluminou s flam e whic hi s nearl y

invisibl e in daylight . Thus , i t i s difficul t t o kno w whe n a fir e exist s an d t o fight suc

h a fire . T o mak e the flam e visible , material s suc ha s aromati c hydrocarbon s ar e added t o methanol . A ke y requiremen t i s t o maintai n the clearl y visibl e flam

e throughou t th e duration o f th e burn . I t woul d b e ver y hazardou s for the visibl e flam e to disappea r befor e the fir e wa s extinguished . XI.4. 2 I n general , i t ha s been established tha t unleaded gasoline havin

g greate r than 3 0 volum e % aromatic s conten t when use d a s the hydrocarbon portion o f M8 5 wil l resul t in a n M8 5 fue l whic hwil l mee t the ke y requiremen t o f a clearl y visibl e flam

e throughou t mos t o f a burn . However , th e luminosit y

performanc e i s dependen t o

n the type s o f aromatic s presen t i n th e hydrocarbo n portion .
XI. 5 Acidit y XI.5. 1 Ver

y dilut e aqueou s solution s o f lo w molecula r weigh t organi c acid s sucha s formi c aci d are highl y corrosive t o man y metals . I t i s therefor e necessar y t o keep suc

hacid s a t a ver

y lo w level .
XI. 6 Nonvolatil e Matte r XI.6. 1 Thi s requiremen t control s hig hboiling impurities , nonvolatil e matter , an d contaminant s whichca n contribut e t o engine deposits .
XI. 7 Tota l Chlorine XI.7. 1 Ioni c (inorganic ) an d organi c chlorin e ar e corrosiv e t o man y metal s an

d i t i s desirabl e t o minimiz e thes e compound s i n M85 . 

# DRAF TP.1 8



### XI. 8 Lea

d XI.8. 1 Mos t moder n gasoline-powere d vehicle s ar e equipped wit hexhaus t catalyti c converter s t o contro l emission s o f hydrocarbons , carbo n monoxide , an

d oxide s o f nitrogen . Mos t fue l methano l vehicle s are als o equipped wit hexhaus t catalyst s which contro l emission s of formaldehyde a s wel l a s th e regulated emissions . Lea

d compound s deactivat e th e catalyst s an d ar e limite

d t o trac e amount s t o preven t thi s problem .
XI. 9 Phosphoru s XI.9. 1 Lik e lead , phosphoru s deactivate s exhaus t catalyst s an d i s limite

d t o trac e amounts . XI.1 0 Appearanc e XI.10. 1 Turbidity , phas e separation , o r evidenc e of precipitation normall y indicate s contamination . XI.l l Wate r XI . 11. 1 The solubility o f hydrocarbon s in fue l methano l decrease s wit hlowerin g temperatur e an

d increasin

g wate r content . Separation o f the hydrocarbo n fro m the fue l wil l adversel y affec t col d startin

g an d driveability , luminosity , an d denaturing . Wate r ma y affec t the calibratio n o f som

e type s o f compositio n sensor s of flexible-fue l vehicles . Wate r als o reduce s the energ y conten t of th e fue l an

d thu s adversel y

affect s fue l econom y an d power . Becaus e som

e degre e o f wate r contamination i s practicall y unavoidabl e in transpor t an d handling , an

d becaus e the fue l methano l i s miscibl e wit hwater , th e wate r conten t o f fue l methano l i s limited t o reduc e th e potentia l fo

r problems . XI.1 2 Sulfur XI.12. 1 The limi t o n sulfur conten t i s included t o protec t agains t engin e wear , deterioration o f engine oil , corrosio n o f exhaus t syste

m parts , an

d exhaus t catalys t deactivation .



# DRAF TP.1 9

X 2 . PROPOSE D TES T METHO D FO R LUMINOSIT Y O F FUE L METHAN O (M85 ) FO R AUTOMOTIV E SPARK-IGNITIO N ENGINE S X2. 1 Scop e X2.1. 1 Thi s propose d tes t metho d cover s a procedur e t o determin e i f a Fue l Methano l (M85 ) compositio n meet s th e requiremen t tha t i t produc e a luminou s flam e throughou t th e duratio n o f a bur n b y comparin g it s luminosit y performanc e unde r controlle d condition s t o tha t o f ethanol . Thi s tes t method , whil e no t adequat e fo r us e i n it s presen t for m i s include d her e fo r informatio n a s i t represent s th e curren t stat e o f developmen t fo r a luminosit y procedure . I t i s hope d tha t it s inclusio n wil l solici t positiv e effort s towar d developmen t o f a viabl e luminosit y tes t procedure . X2.1. 2 Th e value s state d i n S I unit s ar e th e standard . A n exceptio n i s footcandles , lumens/squar e foo t whic h i s a hybri d uni t an d th e uni t use d fo r th e calibratio n o f th e optometer . X2. 2 Summar y o f th e Propose d Tes t Metho d X2.2. 1 Th e sampl e o f Fue l Methano l i s measure d int o a Petr i dis h restin g o n a digita l scal e unde r a dayligh t spectru m sourc e (achieve d b y th e us e o f tw o Dayligh t Spectru m Fluorescen t buJbs ) i n a fum e hood . Th e sampl e i s ignite d an d th e outpu t o f a n optomete r an d th e decreasin g outpu t o f th e scal e ar e recorde d o n a 2 pe n recorder . A vide o tap e recordin g o f th e even t i s als o recommended . A compariso n i s the n mad e t o ethano l unde r th e sam e conditions . X2. 3 Significanc e an d Us e X2.3. 1 Potentiall y lo wluminosit y (invisible ) methano l fire s ar e a majo r safet y consideration . Assurin g tha t th e Fue l Methano l burn s wit h a visibl e flam e ove r th e entir e duratio n o f a bur n allow s visua l recognitio n o f a hazardou s situation . Thi s tes t metho d measure s a propert y relate d t o suc h visua l recognition . X2. 4 Apparatu s X2.4. 1 Digita l Scal e havin g a n accurac y o f 0. 1 gram . X2.4. 2 Clea n borosilicat e Petr i dishe s 10 0 m m diamete r x 2 0 m m high , on e pe r

sample . 

# DRAF TP.2 0

X2.4. 3 Disposabl e syringe s o r clea n pipettes , 1 0 m L +/-0. 1 mL . X2.4. 4 Optomete r wit h photometri c (400-70 0 nm ) filter . 1 1 X2.4. 5 Tw o Channe l pe n recorder . X2.4. 6 Colo r vide o camer a an d vide o cassette s X2.4. 7 Dayligh t Spectru m fluorescen t bulbs .
11 . Th e Unite d Detecto r Technolog y Mode l 40 X optomete r ha s bee n foun d t o b e suitable . A n equivalen t ma y b e used .
X2. 5 Reagent s an d Material s X2.5. 1 Ethanol , Specificatio n fo r Denature d Ethy l Alcohol , Formul a 3A , E 1145 . (WARNING-flammable . Healt h hazard . Denature d alcoho l canno t b e mad e non-toxic. ) X2. 6 Procedur e X2.6. 1 I n a laborator y hoo d equippe d wit h tw o 3 0 wat t Dayligh t Spectru m fluorescen t bulbs , introduc e a 1 0 m l fue l sampl e fro m a clea n 1 0 m L pipett e o r syring e int o a borosilicat e Petr i dis h restin g o n th e pa n o f a tare d digita l balance . A standar d gre y backgroun d i s recommende d i f a vide o recorde r i s used . Th e optomete r sensin g hea d i s positione d o n a 4 5 degre e angl e pointe d towar d th e cente r o f th e Petr i dish , 4 1 c m (16. 1 inches ) fro m th e vertica l cente r lin e o f th e Petr i dish , se e Figur e X2.1 . Afte r zeroin g th e amplifie r wit h th e Dayligh t Spectru m fluorescen t bulb s on , th e amplifie r scal e i s adjuste d t o 1. 0 footcandl e (10. 8 lumens/squar e meter ) fo r burnin g Ethano l (Denature d Ethy l Alcohol , Formul a 3A , E 1145 ) i n th e lighte d hood . X2.6. 2 A n ordinar y woode n matc h i s struc k an d wave d ove r th e tes t sample , initiatin g burnin g a t tim e zero , a t whic h poin t th e vide o time r graphic s an d char t fee d ar e simultaneousl y started . Flam e luminosity , measure d i n footcandle s (lumens/squar e foo t = 10. 8 lumens/squar e meter ) an d weigh t decreas e ar e recorde d concurrentl y o n th e chart . Terminatio n o f th e bur n i s evidence d b y th e scale' s retur n t o zer o weight . Th e bas e luminosit y valu e i s obtaine d b y continuin g th e trac e afte r th e burn . Th e entir e apparatu s i s show n i n Figur e X2.2 . X2. 7 Interpretatio n o f Result s X2.7. 1 Th e outpu t o f th e optomete r an d scal e a s recorde d o n th e dua l pe n recorde r (an d th e vide o i f recorded ) shal l b e reviewe d t o assur e acceptabl e luminosit y ove r th e entir e bur n duration . Figure s X2. 3 thr u X2. 6 illustrat e trace s whic h ar e typica l o f th e result s obtaine d wit h thi s technique .



# DRAF TP.2 1

A numerica l resul t obtaine d b y mathematica l compariso n o f th e ethano l standar d bur n t o tha t o f th e M8 5 burn , whic h woul d assur e a visibl e flam e fo r th e entir e duratio n o f th e bur n i s desirabl e bu t unavailabl e a t thi s time .
X2.7. 2 Th e vide o recordin g o f th e bur n i s importan t becaus e luminosit y b y thi s propose d tes t metho d doe s no t measur e th e flam e color , whic h i s availabl e upo n revie wo f th e video . Flam e colo r i n additio n t o luminosit y ar e importan t i n assessin g th e visibilit y o f a flame . X2.7. 3 Correlatio n wit h actua l vehicl e fire s ha s no t bee n established .
X2. 8 Precisio n an d Bia s X2.8. 1 Th e precisio n o f thi s propose d tes t metho d fo r measurin g th e luminosit y o f fue l methano l (M85 ) i s bein g determined . X2.9. 1 Th e bia s o f thi s propose d tes t metho d ha s no t bee n determined . X2. 9 Ke y Word s X2.9. 1 automotiv e spark-ignitio n engin e fuel ; luminosity ; standar d dayligh t spectru m source ; flame ; duratio n o f a burn ; luminou s flame ; M85 ; methanol ; illuminance ; video ; dayligh t spectru m fluorescen t bulb ; ethanol . JMD:jm d Augus t 13 , 199 1 Doc # DRAF T ANNX 3Optomete rSensin g Hea d

\ \

. \ P.2 2

Hoo d Surfac e 100m m Dia m x2 0 m m Hig h Borosilicat e Petr i Dis h Fische rCatalo g No

. 03-743 D o rEquivalen t

^
. /•


# Figur e X2.1 , Optomete r Sensin g Head Positio n



# DRAF TP.2 3

FLA T BLAC X O RGRE Y 3ACXGHOUN O I

ENTIR E SET4J F I N VENTE D HOO

D 

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MODE L 24 8 UN9ROB E N a11 1 FILTE

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### Tim e (sec ) riaur © X2.4 . Luminosit y Trac e M cin oP.2 6

APPENDI X6 Propose d M-8 5 Certificatio nFue l Specificatio nfro m th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio no f th e Unite d States , Inc . - 7/23/9 1P.2 7



### Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio n o f th e Unite d States , Inc .

CERTIFICATIO N ne s SPECIFICATIO N FOR EMISSION S TES T

Methano l meetin g AST M 8 5 specificatio n D 1152 , volum e %,minimu

m (AST M D 4815 ) •Gasoline , volum e % 14. 5 +/

- 0. 5 (Emissio n Tes t Fuel , e.g . Indolene )
Vapo r Pressure , ps i dr y7. 5 - 8. 5 (AST M D 4953 , ES14 , ES15 )
* * Aromatics , volum e % , 3 5 maximu m (AST M D 1319 )

* * Olefins , volum e % , maximu m1 0 (AST M D1319 ) A c dity , weigh t % , maximum0.00 3 (AST M 1613 ) Distillatio n Residue , volum e % , 0. 5 maximum (ASTM D 8 6 o r D 1078 ) Tota l Chlorid e Content , ppm , maximum1 (organi c and inorganic ) (ASTM D 3120 , modifie d fo r organi c chloride s o r ASTM

D 2988 ) Lea d Content , g/l , maximum0.00 1 (ASTM D 3237 , D 3229 , D 3116 )
* Gasolin e volum e % - 10 0 - (methano l + othe r oxygenate s + water )

* * Note : Th e aromatic s and olefin s specification s appl yonl yt o th e gasolin e portio n o f th e fuel
.P.2 8



### Phosphoru s Content , g/l , maximu m 0.000 1 (AST M D 3231 ) Sulfur Content , ppm , maximu m (AST M D 1266 , D 2622 , D 312 0 D 3246 ) 

### 5 0

Particulat e Contaminants , g/l , 0.00 1 maximu m (AST M 2276 ) Water , weigh t % , maximu m 0. 5 (ASTM , E 203 )P.2 9



### APPENDI XH M^I ? ° 4 

### !!!!i 8 s 

### * andar d

### Specificatio nfo r Denature dFue l Ethano l fo r Blendin g wit hGasoline s fo r Us e a s Automotiv e Spark-ignitio nEngin e Fue lP.3 0

Designation : D 480 6 - 88 A n America n Nationa l Stanoar c 

### Standard Specificatio n fo r Denature d Fue l Ethano l fo r Blendin g wit h Gasoline s fo r Us e a s Automotiv e Spark-Ignitio n Engin e Fuel 1

Thi s standar

d i s issued unde

rthe fixed designation D 4806 : th e numbe rimmediatel

y following the designation indicates the yea rof origina l adoption or. in the case o f revision , the yea

ro f lastrevision . A numbe

rin parentheses indicates the yea rof las treapproval. A superscrip teosilo n Ii i indicates a

n editoria l chang e since the las

trevision o

rreapprova! . 1 . Scop e 1.1 Thi s specificatio n cover s nominall y anhydrou s dena ture d fuel ethano l intende d t o b e blende d with unleade d o r leade d gasoline s at5 t o 1 0 volum e % fo rus e a s aspark ignitio n automotiv e engin e fuel . Th e significanc e o f thi s specificatio n i s show n i n Appendi x XI . 1. 2 Th e value s state d i n S I unit s ar e t o b e regarded a s th e standard . Th e value s give n i n parenthese s are fo rinforma tio n only . 1. 3 Th e followin g precautionary cavea tpertain s only t o th e tes tmetho d portions . Anne x A1 : This specification may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This specification does not purport to address all

of the safety problems associated

with its use. It

is the responsibility of

the userof this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and

determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.
2 . Reference d Document s 2. 1 ASTM

Standards: D8 6 Metho d fo rDistillatio n o f Petroleu m Products 2 D43 9 Specificatio n fo rAutomotiv e Gasoline 2 D51 2 Tes tMethod s fo rChlorid e Io n i n Water 3 D89 1 Tes tMethod s forSpecifi c Gravit y o f Liqui d Industria l Chemicals 4 D115 2 Specificatio n fo rMethano l (Methyl/Alcohol) 5 D 119 3 Specificatio n fo rReageTl tWater3 D 135 3 Tes tMetho d fo rNon-Volatil e Matte ri n Volatil e Solvent s forUs e i n Paint . Varnish , Lacque ran d Relate d Products 5 D 161 3 Tes tMetho d fo rAcidit y i n Volatil e Solvent s an d Chemica l Intermediate s Use d i n Paint . Varnish . Lac quer , an d Relate d Products 5 D 168 8 Tes tMethod s fo rCoppe ri n Water 3 D350 5 Tes tMetho d fo rDensit y o rRelativ e Densit y o f Pur e Liqui d Chemicals 5 D405 7 Practic e fo rManual Samplin g o f Petroleu m an d Petroleu m Products 6 E 20 3 Tes tMetho d fo rWate rUsin g Kar l Fische rReagent4

' This specification i s unde rthe jurisdiction of

AST M Committee D- 2 o

n Petroleu m Product

s an d Lubricant

s an d i s the direc

tresponsibilit

y of Subcom mitte e D02.A on specifications . Curren tedition approve

d Marc h 25 . 1988 . Publishe

d Ma y 1988 . : Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo

l OS.Ol . 1 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 11.01 . * Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 13.0! . 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo

l 06.03 . * Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo

l 05.03 . E 26 0 Practic e fo rPacke d Colum n Ga s Chromatography " E 30 0 Practic e forSamplin g Industria l Chemicals 4 ? E 35 5 Practic e forGa s Chromatography Term s and Relationships 7 2. 2 OtherStandards: Unite d State s Cod e o f

Federa l Regulations . Titl e 27 . Pan s 21 1 and212 8 Unite d State s Federa

l Specificatio n O-E-760 b Ethy l Al coho l (Ethanol) : Denature d Alcohol : an d Proprietar y Solvent 9 3 . Terminolog y 3. 1 Definitions: 3.1. 1 ethanol. n —ethvl alcohol , th e chemica l compoun d C 2 H,OH . 3.J. 2 gasoline-ethanol

blend, n —aspark-ignitio n automo tive engin e fue l containin g denature d fuel ethano l i n abas e gasolin e tha tmay b e leade d o runleade d as define d i n Specificatio n D 439 . 3.1. 3 oxygenate, n —an oxygen-containin g ashless , or gani c compound , suc h a s an alcoho l o rether , whic h may b e use d a s afuel o rfuel supplement . 3. 2 Description of

Terms Specific to this ProposedSpecification: 3.2. 1 base gasoline —the gasolin e componen to f agaso line-ethano l blend , butgenerall y excludin g gasolin e adde d t o fuel ethano l a s denaturant . 3.2. 2 denaturants —in fuel ethanol . toxi c o rnoxiou s ma terial s adde d t o mak e i tunfi tfo rbeverag e use . 3.2. 3 denatured

fuel ethanol —fuel ethano l mad e unfitfo r beverag e us e b y th e additio n o f denaturants . 3.2. 4 fuel ethanol —ethanol with impuritie s (includin g wate rbu texcludin g denaturants) . 3.2. 5 impurities —in commerciall y produce d fue l ethano l compound s othe rthan ethano l o rdenaturants presentsuc h a s methano l an d fusel oi l (fo rexample , amy l an d isoamy l alcohols) . 4 . Propertie s 4. 1 Denatured

Fuel Ethanol —When fue

l ethano l i s dena ture d a s specifie d i n Sectio n 5 . i tshall conform to th e followin g requirements a tth e time o f

blendin g with a gasoline .

7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo

l 14.01 . 'Orde ra s Cod e of Federa l Regulation

s Title 2 7 Part s 200-End : fro

m Superintenden

to f Oocuments . VS. Governmen tPrintin g Office. Washington. D C 20402 . * Orde rfro m Supennteft&n

tcf D^-umen's . \)S. Governmen tPrintin g Offic e Washington. O C 20402
s - 7 :P.3 1
D480 6
Wate rcontent, max. mas

s 5 Nonvolatil e maner. max. mg/IOOm

L Chlorid e ion content, max. mas s pp m (mg/L ) Coppe rcontent, max . mas

s pp m <mg/L ) Acidin la

s aceu. ' aci

d CH,COOHi . max. mas s r . : Img/Ll Appearanc

e 1.2 5 (Not e 1 ) 5 40(32 ) 0. 1 (0.03 ) 0.007 (56HNot e 3
Visibl y fre e of sus precipitate d contaminant

s iclea ran d bright ) NOT E I—ln some cases , alowe rwate rcontentma

y b e necessar y to avoid phase separatio

n of agasoline-ethanol blen

d a tver y low temperatures . Thi s reduce

d wate rcontent, measure

d a tthe time of

delivery . shal l b e agree d upo n betwee n th e supplieran

d purchaser

. NOT E 2—I f denature d fue l ethano l i s prepare

d b y the addition o

f denaturant

s t o undenature

d fue l ethanol afte

ri tha s bee n produce

d rathertha

n durin g the dehydration process , the 15.56*C/15.56* C (60T / 60T ) specific gravit

y in airof

the undenature

d fue l ethanol shal

l be in the range fro

m 0.7937-0.797"' . NOT E 3—Denature

d fue l ethano l ma y contain additives suc

h a s corrosion inhibitor

s an d detergent

s tha tma y affec tthe utratabl

e acidit y (acidit y as aceti c acid ) o f

th e finishe

d fue l ethanol . Althoug

h the bas e fue l ethanol ma

y meetth e acidit

y specification , the effec to f thes e additives ma

y produc e a n apparen thig h utratable acidit

y of the finishe

d product . Contac tthe ethanol supplierif

ther e i s aquestio n regardin

g the utratable acidit

y of yourdenature

d fue l ethanol t o verif

y tha tth e bas e ethanol meet

s the acidit

y requirement

s of 4.1 . 4. 2 Ethanol

Purity —The fue

l ethano l componen to f de nature d fue

l ethano l excludin g wate rshal l b e 9 8 volum e % minimu m ethano l (C 2 H ? OH) . an d shall no tcontai n mor e tha n 0. 5 volum e % methano l o rtota l ketones , o rboth . Th e additio n o f

material s othe rthan fuel ethano l o rth e permitte d hydrocarbo n denaturant s an d mino ramount s o f commer ciall y acceptabl e additive s suc h a s corrosio n inhibitor s i s prohibited . Material s note d i n 5. 2 may b e presen ti n trac e amount s only . 4. 3 Ethanol

Content —Total fuel ethano l conten to f dena tured fue l ethanol . includin g impuritie s a s limite d i n 4.2 . mus tb e no tles s tha n 9 5 volum e %. 4. 4 OtherPropenies —Limits mor e restrictiv e than thos e specifie d above , o rth e specificatio n o f additiona l propertie s such a s color , ma y b e agreed-apon * betwee n th e supplie ran d th e purchaser . 5 . Denaturants 5. 1 Th e onl y denaturant s use d fo rfuel ethano l shall b e unleade d gasolin e o rrubbe rhydrocarbo n solven ta tamin imu m concentratio n o f

2 part s by volum e pe r10 0 parts by volum e o f

fue l ethanol . a s define d by Formul aCD A 2 0 o f th e Burea u o f Alcohol . Tobacco , an d Firearm s (BATF ) o f th e U.S . Treasur

y Department . Thi s specificatio n prohibits th e us e o f hydrocarbon s with an en d boilin g poin thighe rtha n 225* C (437T ) a s determine d b y Metho d D 86 . althoug h the y may b e permitte d b y BAT F regulations . Som e kerosines . fo r instance , promot e pisto n scuf f i n automotiv e engines . Th e denaturants permitte d by thi s specificatio n may b e include d a s pa n o f

th e 1 0 volum e T

o denature d fue

l ethano l blende d wit h agasolin e i f

the y d o no texcee d 5 part s by volum e per 10 0 part s by volum e o f

fuel ethanol . Thi s i s permitte d i n th e Unite d State s b

y law . Any pa n o f

thes e denaturant s thatar e presenta tconcentration s highe rtha n 5 part s by volum e pe r 10 0 part s b y o i ar e considere d a s par to f th e bas e gasoline . NOT E 4

—BAT

F reguiauons concerning the preparation, use . an d handling of

denature d ethanol s ar

e publishe d in th e United States Code o f Federa l Reguiauons . Titl e 27 . Pan s 21 1 and 212 . Pan 21 1 contain s primaril y lega l and administrative information , an d Pan 21 2 contain s technica l information o n denaturant s and denature

d ethanols . 5. 2 Prohibited

Denaturants— Although thi s specificatio n permits only hydrocarbon s i n th e gasolin e boilin g rang e t o be use d a s denaturants . specifi c mentio n mus tb e mad e o f som e material s thathav e extremel y advers e effects o n fue l stability . automotiv e engine s an d fue l systems . Thes e material s shall no tb e use d a s denaturant s forfuel ethano l unde ran > circumstances . The y are a s follows : methano l whic h doe s no t mee tSpecificatio n D 1152 , pyrroles , turpentine , ketone s an d tar s (high-molecula rweigh tpyrolysi s products o f fossil or nonfossi l vegetabl e matter) . Whil e an y significan tamoun to f methano l wil l lowe rth e wate rtoleranc e an d increas e th e vapo rpressure o f

agasoline-ethano l blend , thes e effects becom e mor e seriou s whe n methano l i s presenta tmor e than 2. 5 pan s b y volum e pe r10 0 part s by volum e o f

fue l ethanol . Also , methano l whic h doe s no tmee tSpecificatio n D 115 2 frequentl y contain s impuritie s such a s turpentin e an d tars . Similarly , keton e denaturant s ten d t o degrad e fue l stabilit y orincreas e th e tendenc y o f agasoline-ethano l blen d to corrod e metal s an d attac k elastomers . Thes e effects becom e mor e seriou s i f

th e concentratio n o f

aketon e such as 4-methy l pentanon e (methy l isobuty l ketone ) exceed s on e pa n b y volum e per10 0 part s by volum e o f

fue l ethanol . There i s n o informatio n availabl e o n th e effects o f denatur ants othe rtha n thos e mentione d above , butunles s adena turant . suc h a s ahighe raliphati c alcoho l o rether , i s know n t o hav e n o advers e effecto n agasoline-ethano l blen d o ro n automotiv e engine s o rfuel systems , i tshal l no tb e used . 6 . Samplin g 6. 1 Sample s may b e obtaine d by an appropriat e proce dure o f Practic e D 405 7 o rPractice E 300 . D o no tus e soldere d metal container s althoug h they ar e specifie d i n 11. 7 o f Practic e E 300 . becaus e th e solderin g flux i n th e con tainer s ma y contaminat e th e sample . Som e soldere d cans , suc h a s thos e conformin g t o th e requirements o f 7. 1 o f Practic e D405 7 ar

e acceptable , butbecaus e they canno t readil y b e distinguishe d from can s which d o no tmee tthi s specification , th e us e o f

metal container s ar

e t o b e avoided . 6. 2 Sample Size —A minimu m o f abou t1 L o r1 U.S . qti s recommended . I

f specifi c gravit

y i s t o b e determine d b y a hydromete rmethod , additiona l volum e may b e required . Thi s depend s o n th e siz e o f th e hydrometer . 6. 3 L.OI Size —A lo tshal l normall y consis to f th e amoun t containe d i n atanke rcompartmen to rothe rbulk containe r i n whic h i ti s delivered . I f thi s definitio n doe s no tapply , th e definitio n o f

alo tmus tb e agreed upo n betwee n th e supplie r an d purchaser . NOTE 5—Se

e Sections 5 . 6 . an

d 7 o f Practic e E 30 0 ro

radetaile

d discussion of

the statistics o i sampling . 7 . Tes tMethod s 7. 1 AST M tes tmethod s hav e no tyetbee n develope d fo r al l o f th e propertie s specified . Fo rinsunce . t o determin e ethano l content , se e th e propose d tes tmetho d i n Anne x A1 . Th e us e o f

thi s metho d i s no trequire d an d othe rsuitabl e method s ma v b e used . 57 6P.3 2 D480 6 7. 2 WaterContent—lest Metho d E 203 . 7. 3 Nonvolatile Matter—Test Metho d D 1353 . 7. 4 Acidity— Tes tMetho d D 1613 . 7. 5 Appearance —The productshall b e visibl y free o f susp-v.ide d orprecipitate d contaminant s (clea ran d bright) . i'his shall be determine d a tindoo rambien ttemperatur e unles s otherwis e agree d upo n betwee n th e supplie ran d th e purchaser . 7. 6 Specific Gravity— TestMetho d D891 . Procedur e B (hydrometer ) i s normall y used . N o forma l precisio n state men ti s available , butpractica l experienc e indicate s tha t precisio n i s n o bette rthan 0.0005 . Tes tMetho d D89 1 Procedure C (pyenometen . wit h a n interlaboratory precisio n (reproducibility ) o f

0.0002 . shoul d b e use d a s areferee method . 7. 7 Chloride Ion Content —Modification o f

Tes tMetho d D512 . Procedure C . 7.7. 1 Th e modificatio n o f Tes tMetho d D 512 . Procedur e C consist s o f

usin g 5 m L o f

sampl e dilute d with 2 0 m L o f wate ri n plac e o f

th e 2 5 m L sampi e specifie d i n th e standard procedure . Th e wate rshall mee tSpecificatio n D 1193 . Typ e II . Th e volum e o f

th e sampl e prepared b y thi s modificatio n will b e slightl y largertha n 2 5 mL . T o allo w fo rth e dilutio n factor , repo n th e chlorid e io n presen ti n th e fuel ethano l sampl e a s th e chlorid e io n presen ti n th e dilute d sampl e multiplie d by five. 7.7. 2 Th e precisio n o f

thi s modifie d metho d ha s no tbee n determined , butforth e actual amoun to f chlorid e io n found i n th e dilute d sample , i ti s expecte d t o b e simila rt o th e precisio n o f

Tes tMetho d D 512 . Procedure C . 7. 8 Copper

Content

—Modification o f

Tes tMetho d D 1688 . Procedure D . 7.8. 1 Th e modificatio n o f Tes tMetho d D 1688 . Proce dur e D (atomi c absorption ) consist s o f mixin g reagentgrade ethano l (whic h ma y b e denature d accordin g t o th e U.S . Burea u o f Alcohol . Tobacco , an d Firearm s (BATF ) o f the U.S . Treasur

y Departmen tFormul a3 A o r30 ) i n plac e o f wate ra s th e solven to rdiluen tfo rth e preparatio n o f reagent s an d standard solutions . However, this must not be done to prepare the stock coppersolution described in 38. J of Test Method D1688. Becaus e aviolen treactio n may occu r betwee n th e aci d an d th e ethanol . us e water , a s specified , in th e aci d solutio n pa n o f th e procedure t o prepar e th e stock coppe rsolution . Us e ethano l fo rth e rinse an d final dilutio n only . 7.8. 2 Th e precisio n o f

thi s modifie d metho d has no tbeen determine d buti

ti s expecte d t o b e simila rt o th e precisio n o f Tes tMetho d D 1688 . Procedur e D . 7. 9 Ethanol

Content —See Anne x A 1 fo

rapropose d tesi method . Al . PROPOSE D TES T METHO D FO RTH E DETERMINATIO N O F ETHANO L CONTEN T O F DENATURE D FUE L ETHANO L B Y GA S CHROMATOGRAPH Y Al. l Scop e A 1.1. 1 Thi s propose d tes tmetho d cover s th e determina tio n o f th e amoun to f

ethano l i n denature d fuel ethano l an d may als o b e use d t o determin e th e amount s o f othe rC , throug h C

« alcohols . Thi s tes tmetho d doe s no tdetermin e wate rcontent : Tes tMetho d E 20 3 i s recommende d fo rth e determinatio n o f

water . A 1.1. 2 Th e interpretatio n o f thi s procedur e shal l b e guide d by th e provision s o f E 28 6 an d E 355 . A1. 2 Summar

y o f Tes tMetho d A 1.2. 1 A tw o colum n chromatographi c syste m connecte d to athermal conductivit y detecto ri s used . A measure d volum e o f

sampl e i s injecte d int o th e firstcolum n containin g apola rliqui d phase . Th e ligh thydrocarbon s through methvicvclopentan e are vente d t o th e atmospher e a s the y elute . Th e colum n i s backflushe d immediatel y aftertb e elutio n o f

methvicvclopentane . an d th e component s re mainin g ar

e directe d int o th e secon d column , whic h contain s a n activ e solid . In thi s column , th e alcohol s elut e befor e th e remainin g hydrocarbons . Immediatel y afterth e alcohol s o f interes thav e eluted . th e flo w throug h thi s solid-packe d colum n i s reversed t o backflus h th e remainin g hydrocarbons . Quantitativ e results are obtaine d by compariso n o f th e areas o f th e recorded alcoho l peak s with thos e obtaine d from th e analysi s o f

mixture s o f

know n alcoho l content . A l . 3 Significanc e an

d Us e A 1.3. 1 Denature d fue

l ethano l consist s o f

ethanol . water . an d denaturant s an d ma y contai n impuritie s suc h a s meth anol , isopropy l alcohol , tertiar y butyl alcohol . 1-pentanol (amy l alcohol) , an d 3-methyl-l-butano l (isoamy l alcohol) . Thi s propose d tes tmetho d provide s informatio n o n th e purit y o f denature d fue

l ethano l i n ordert o hel p determin e it s suitabilit

y forblendin g wit

h gasolin e forus e a s a n automotiv e spark-ignitio n engin e fuel . A1. 4 Apparatu s A 1.4. 1 Gas Chromatograph —A gas chromatograp h equippe d with athermal conductivity detecto rwit h provi sio n fo rinstallin g avalv e i n th e colum n ove n o rothe rheate d zone . Provisio n mus tb e mad e t o operate asecon d colum n a t ahighe rtemperatur e tha n th e firstcolum n and th e valve . A 1.4. 2 Valve, eight-portrotar y o requivalent . A 1.4. 3 Integrator—Electronic integratio n i s recom mended . A 1.4. 4 Recorder— A 1-m V recorde rwit

h a1- s full-scal e response . If

electroni c integratio n i s no tused , minimu m char twidt h o f 25 0 m m (1 0 in. ) an d aminimu m char tspeed o f 1 cm/mi n (0. 4 in./min ) are required . A 1.4. 5 Column 1 —A stainles s steel colum n 2.4- m (3-fti long . 3.5-m m (0.138-in. ) insid e diameter , approximate! ) 4.75-m m (Vi«-in. ) (outsid e diamete rpacke d with 8 0 t o 10 0 mes h Chromosor b Pcoate d t o a2 5 mas s % leve l wit h tetracyanoethylate d pentaerythrito l (TCEPE) . A 1.4. 6 Column 2—K

stainles s stee l colum n 4. 6 m (1 5 f ti long . 3.5-m m (0.138-in. ) insid e diameter , approximate ^P.3 3 D480 6 4.75-m m (V.6-in. ) outsid e diamete rpacke d with 8 0 t o 10 0 mes h Porapa

k P . A1. 5 Reagent s and Material s A 1.5. 1 Calibration Mixture—Mix know n amounts , ap proximatel y equal t o th e concentration s expecte d i n th e fuel t o b e teste d o f

th e following : A 1.5.1. 1 Methanol— Forth e calibratio n mixture , us e abou t1 volum e % NOT E Al.l : Methanols-tving— Flammable. Ma y b e fata l o rcaus e blindnes s i f swallowed . Vapo rharmful . A 1.5.1. 2 Ethanol—Forth e calibratio n mixture , us e abou t 9 0 volum e Tc

. NOT E A 1.2: £//ujno/-Wamiiig—Flammable . Denature

d alcoho l canno tb e mad e nontoxic Ey

e irritant . Ski n irritan to n repeated contact

. A 1.5.1. 3 Amyl

Alcohol—Forth e calibratio n mixture , us e abou t1 volum e %. NOT E A1.3 : /4m

W ^/coAo/-W«niiiig

—Flammable

. Moderatel

y toxic. Ma y b e absorbe d throug h th e skin . Irritatin g t o skin , eyes, an d mucou s membranes

. A 1.5.1. 4 Jsoamyl

Alcohol—Forth e calibratio n mixture , us e abou t1 volum e %. NOT E A 1.4: hoamvt

Alcohol-Mi umag— Flammable. Moderatel y toxic . Ma y b e absorbe d throug h skin . Irritatin g t o skin . eyes, an d mucou s membranes

. A 1.5.1. 5 Th e mixtur e mus tals o contai n ameasure d amount , approximatel y 7 volum e %, o f methy l cyclopentane . A 1.5.1. 6 Methylcyclopentane. NOT E A1.5 : Methylcydopmane-Vltnm,— Extremely flammable. Harmfu l i f inhaled . Ski n irritan to n repeated contac

tAspiratio n hazard . A 1.5.1. 7 I

ti s recommended thatth e mixtur e b e prepare d b y weighin g th e components . Th e conversio n t o volum e percen tb y us e o f

thei rdensitie s ma y involv e inaccuracie s du e t o volum e chang e whe n th e component s are mixed . Th e purit y o f th e compound s use d mus tb e atleas t9 9 %. Thi s mixtur e contain s highl y volatil e component s an d wil l no t retai n it s stability ove ralon g period , an d shal l b e handle d accordingly . A 1.5. 2 CarrierGas —Chromatographic grad e helium . A 1. 6 Preparatio n o f

Apparatu s A 1.6. 1 Instal l th e valv e an d column s a s show n i n Fig . Al.l . A 1.6. 2 Plac e Colum n 2 i n aseparat e heate d zone . An y necessary connectin g line s shal l b e o f minimu m diamete r an d length an d mus tals o b e heated . A1.6. 3 Th e restrictorshow n i n Fig . A1. 1 i s optiona l an d i s use d t o reduc e baselin e disruptio n whe n th e valv e i s oper ated . Itconsist s o f

ashor tlength o f

0.25-m m insid e diamete r stainles s stee l capillary tubin g whic h shoul d approximat e th e resistanc e t o flow o f

Colum n 2 . A 1.6. 4 Establis h th e instrumen tparameter s show n i n Tabl e Al.l . A1. 7 Calibratio n A 1.7. 1 Procedure: A 1.7.l. l Chromatograp h acalibratio n blen d prepare d a s i n A 1.5. 1 with th e valv e i n th e injectK ~: : *- o ,?,< i -* e Deiecio iniect'd : oc : FICJV\ cnrmo'if " • ' t t ?<Ov, •.ontrO'*e ' - T
Analyz e positio n

Oetecio I— Z . 1 I | Dtv

fio wrnnnollp ' » 1 t t fio*. cnni'iw « -

R G . A1. 1 Diagra m e f Apparatu s

TABL E A1. 1 Operatin g Condition s Carrie r ga s Carrie r ga s (to

wrat e Detecto r typ e Detecto r temperatur

e Infectio n por

t temperature Colum n 1 temperature VUv e temperature Colum n 2 temperature Sampl e size rtaiu m 60mwm m therma l conductivit

y 200*C(392»F ) 170» C (338*F ) 115* C dotherma l (239*F ) IIS'CfZB'F ) 200* C isotherma l (392*F ) 2. 5 u L (reprodudtte )
detecto ro n polarit

y B . Determin e th e tim e i n second s require d fo rth e complet e elutio n o f th e methylcyclopentane . Call thi s tim e 77,

. A1.7.1. 2 Chromatograp h anothe requal volum e sample-o f th e reference mixtur e with th e detecto ro n polarit y A . At time 7" , switch th e valv e t o th e analyz e position . Whe n th e las toxygenate o f

interes tha s eluted , switc h th e valv e t o th e injec tposition . Cal

l thi s time T

2 . Se e Fig . A 1.2 . A 1.7. 2 A typical chromatogram i s show n i n Fig . A 1.2 . Amy l alcoho l an d isoamy l alcoho l elut e afte rethanol . but hydrocarbon s elut e i n thi s regio n an d may preven tth e quantitativ e determinatio n o f thes e alcohols . A 1.7. 3 Measure th e areas o f th e alcoho l peaks . Calculate tb e respons e facto r(mas s o rvolum e percen tpe runi to f area ) t o a n accuracy o f

a tleas tthre e significan tfigures fo reac h o f thes e component s a s follows :

F=L/A where : F- respons e factor , A = areaunde rth e peak fo rth e component , an d L = mas s o rvolum e % concentratio n o f th e component . A l i Determinatio n Al.8. 1 Chromatograp h th e sample s usin g th e procedure 57 8P.3 4 D480 6

2 TimeT 1 Ethano l Tim e T 2 

# 7 o o u C 5 ° > . <

m. < 

## A7\ J 

# V . -Hydrocarbo n Deneturan t •

6.3 0 12.6 0 16.9 0 25.2 0 31.5 0

Retentio n Time , Minute s RG

. A1. 2 Typica l Chromatogra m 37.6 0 44.1 0 50.4 0

o f A1.7.1

. Th e volume o

f sampl e mus t

b e exactly th e same a s that usedin calibration

. A 1.8. 2 Calculate th e amoun t of alcohol s present

fromth e area s unde r

thei r peak s a s follows : La -FC where : La *- mas s o r

volume percent

of eac h alcohol , C - are afo

r tb e particula

r alcohol , an d F = response factor A 1.8. 3 Th e amoun t o f hydrocarbo n denaturan t

ca n be estimate db

v subtractin g th e su

mtota l o f the alcohol s fro

m 100

. A1. 9 Repor

t A 1.9. 1 Repor

t th e concentration s o

f th e individua

l alcohol s o n an absolute basi s t o th e neares t 0. 1 %. ALI O Precisio

n an d Bias A 1.10. 1 Precision —The precisio n o f thi s propose dtest metho dha s no t

been determined

. A 1.10. 2 Bias —There bein g n o criteri afo r measurin g bia s i n thes e test-produc t

combinations , n o statement o f bia s ca n b e made

.
APPENDI

X (Nonmandator

y Information

) XI . SIGNIFICANCE O F SPECIFIE D PROPERTIE S XI. 1 Denature

d Fuel Alcohol X1.1. 1 Water

Content— Karl Fischer

analysi s i s generally th e only consistently reliable procedure fo r th e determina

tion o f wate r i n denature dethanol

. Tes t Metho dE20 3 describe s th e modification s require dt o ru n th e tes t i n th e presenc e o

f alcohols

. Specific gravit

y method s suc h a s D 89 1 an dD 3505

. are generally unsuitabl e fo r th e reason s give

n in X 1.2.1

. Blend s o

f fue l ethano l an dgasoline hav e alimite d solvency fo

r water
. Thi s solvency wil

l var y wit h th e ethano l content , th e temperatur e o f th e blend , an dth e aromati c conten t o f th e bas e gasoline

. A fue

l mad e b y blendin g 1 0 .ulum e % fue

l ethano l wit

h agasoline containin g 1 4 volume > o aromatic s an d0. 6 mas s % dissolvedwater (abou t 0. 5 volume %), wil

l separate int o alowe

r alcohol-ric h aqueou s pnas e an da

n upper hydrocarbo n phas e i

f coole dt o abou t 7*

C (45*F)

. As normal spark-ignitio n engine s wil l no t ru n o n th e aqueou s phas e material , suc h aseparatio n i s likel y t o caus e seriou s operatin g problems

. Becaus e som e degree o

f wate r contaminatio n i s practically unavoidabl e in transpor t an dhandling , an dbecaus e gasoline-ethano l blend s ar e hy

groscopic , th e wate

r conten t o f th e denature dfue

l ethano l mus t b e limite dwhe

n it i s blende dwit

h gasoline t o reduc e th e risk o f phas e separation

. XI
. 1. 2 nonvolatile Matter—This requirement control s a wid e rang e o f impuritie s an dcontaminants

. XI
. 1.3 Chloride Ion Content —Low concentration s o

f chloride ion s are corrosiv e t o many metals

. XI
. 1. 4 Copper Content —Copper i s aver y activ e catalys t fo r th e low-temperature oxidatio n of hydrocarbons

. Experi

menta l wor k ha s shown tha t

coppe r concentration : highe

r 57 9P.3 5
D480 6 than 0.01 2 mas s pp min commercial gasoline s ma y signifi

cantly increas e th e rate o

f gumformation

. XI
. 1. 5 Acidity—

Ver y dilute aqueou s solution s o f low

molecula r weigh t organi c acid s such a s aceti c (CH 3 COOH ) ar e highl y corrosiv e t o many metals

. I t i s therefor

e necessar y t o kee p suc h acid s a t aver y lo w level

. XI
. 1. 6 Appearance—Turbidity o r evidenc e o

f precipita

tio n normally indicate s major contamination

. X1.1. 7 Ethanol

Purity—The presenc e o

f eve n small quan titie s o f som e organi c oxyge

n compound s other

than ethano l ma y adversel y affec t th e propertie s o

f fue l ethanol-gasolin e blends

. X1. 2 Undenatured Ethanol: X 1.2. 1 Specific Gravity—The densit y o f awater-ethano l mixture i s primaril y afunction o f it s wate r content
. Norma

l U.S

. industr

y practic e an dFedera

l regulation s cal

l fo r the us e of th e 15.56'C/15.56' C (60T/60*F ) specific gravit y i n air a s th e contro l metho dfo

r wate r content o f undenature d ethanol

. Becaus e th e additio n o f denaturant s wil

l normal h affec t specific gravity , specific gravit y method s ar

e generalh no t suitabl e fo

r determinin g th e wate

r content o f denature d ethanols

.

Tne American Society torTesting and Materials takes no position respecting tne valksity ol any patent

rigms asserted

in connection with any item mentioned In this standard. Users ot this standard

are expressly advised

that determination ot

the validity of

any such patent rights, and

the risk ot

infringement

ot such rights, are entirely theirown responsibility. This standard is suOtect

r o revision at

any time by the responsible technical committee and

must be reviewed

every live years ana it not revised, either

reapproved

orwithdrawn. Yourcomments are invited either torrevision ot this standard ortoradditional stanoaras and should be addressed

to ASTM

Headquarters. Yourcomments will receive caretui consideration at a meeting ot

the responsible technical committee, which you may attend tl you fee / that yourcomments have not received a tairhearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on standards. 1916 Race St.. Philadelphia, PA 19103.

58 0P.3 6



### APPENDI XI AST M D 1835-8 9 Standar dSpecificatio nfo r Liquifie dPetroleu m Gase sDesignation : D 183 5 - 8 9 A n America n Nationa l Sianoa 

### Standard Specificatio n fo r Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gases 1

Thi s sundar d i s issue d unde rth e fixed designatio n D 1835 : th e numbe rimmediatel y followin g th e designatio n indicate s th e yea ro f ongma l adoptio n or . in th e cas e o f revision , th e vea ro f

las trevision . A numbe ri n parenthese s indicate s th e yearo i las treapproval . A superscrip teosiio n I. I indicate s an editoria l chang e sinc e th e las trevisio n o rreapproval . I . Scop e 1. 1 Thi s specificatio n cover s thos e products commonl y referre d to as liquefie d petroleu m gases . 1. 2 Thi s specificatio n i s applicabl e t o products intende d fo rus e as domestic , commercial , industrial , an d engin e fuels . 1. 3 Thi s specificatio n i s fo rus e i n formulatin g specifica tion s fo rrequire d propertie s o f liquefie d petroleu m gase s a t th e tim e o f

deliver v i n bulk .
2 . Reference d Document s 2. 1 ASTM

Standards: D126 5 Practic e forSamplin g Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gases : D126 " Tes tMetho d fo rVapo rPressur

e o f Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gase s (LP-Ga s Method s D165 7 Tes tMetho d forDensity o rRelativ e Densit y o f LightHydrocarbon s by Pressur e Thermohydromete r D 183 7 Tes tMetho d fo rVolatility o f Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gases 2 D183 8 Tes tMetho d fo rCoppe rStri p Corrosio n by Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gases : D 215 8 Tes tMetho d forResidue s i n Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP ) Gases 3 D216 3 Tes tMetho d forAnalysi s o f Liquefie d Petroleu m (LP) Gase s an d Propan e Concentrate s by Ga s Chroma tography- ' D 259 8 Practic e fo

rCalculatio n o f

Certai n Physical Prop ertie s o f Liquefie d Petroleu m TLP) Gase s from Compo sitional Analvsis ; '

1 Thi s specificatio n i s unde rth e jurisdictio n o f AST M Committe e D- 2 o n Petroleum Product s an d Lubricant s an d i s th e direc tresponsibility o f Subcom mitte e D02. H o n Liquefie d Petroleu m Ga s Currenteditio n approve d Marc h 31 . 1989 . Publishe d Ma y 1989 . Originall > publishe d a s D 183 5 - 6 1 T . Lastpreviou s editio n D 183 5 - 8 " : Annual ba<>h of ASTM Sianaards. Vo l 05.01 . ' Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vo l 05.02 . D271 3 Tes tMetho d lo rDrvnes s o f Propan e (Valv e Freez e Method) 3 D278 4 Tes tMetho d fo rSulfu rin Liquefie d Petroieun - . Gase s (Oxy-Hydroge n Burne ro rLamp) ' D 370 0 Practic e forContainin g Hydrocarbo n Flui d Sam ple s Usin g aFloatin g Pisto n Cylinder 4 2. 2 OtherDocument: GPA Sundar d 2140 5 3 . Types 3. 1 Fou rbasi c type s o f liquefie d petroleu m gase s ar e provide d t o cove rth e commo n us e applications , as follows : 3.1. 1 Commercial

Propane —A hydrocarbo n productlor us e where hig

h volatilit y i s required . Commercia l propan e is suitabl e forcertai n lo w severit y internal combustio n engin e applications . 3.1. 2 Commercial

Butane —A hydrocarbo n productlor us e where lo w volatility i s required . 3.1. 3 Commercial

PB Mixtures —Mixtures o f propan e an d butan e forus e wher e intermediat e volatility i s required . 3.1. 4 Special-Duty Propane —A high-quality product compose d chiefl y o f

propane , whic h exhibit s superio ranti knoc k characteristic s when use d a s an internal combustio n engin e fuel . 4 . Detai l Requirement

s 4. 1 Th e fourtype s o f

liquefie d petroleu m gases shal l confor m t o th e requirements prescribe d i n Tabl e 1. 5 . Samplin g 5. 1 Propersamplin g o f

liquefie d gase s i s extremel y impor tanti f th e tests ar

e to b e significant . Sample s forcomposi tiona l analysi s shoul d b e obtaine d i n accordanc e wit h Practic e D 3700 . Sample s forothe rrequire d tests shoul d b e obtaine d i n accordanc e wit h Practic e D 1265 .

4 Annual Book ol ASTM Sianaards. Vo l 05.03 . 5 Availabl e fro m Oa s Processor s Assn. . 652 6 E . 60t h St. . Tulsa . O K 7414 :

70. "# D 183 5
TABL E 1 Detai l Requirement s fo r Liquefie d Petroleu m Gate s

Vapo r pressur

e a t 100° F (37.8°C) . kP a Volatil e residu e ma x
evaporate d temperature . 9 5 % . max. '
° C or butan e an d heavier , max . vo l % pentan e an d heavier , max . vo l S Propylen e content , max . vo l S Residua l matter : residu e o n evaporatio n 10 0 mL . oi l stai n observatio n Relativ e densit y a t 60 / 60' F (15.6/15.6 # C ) Corrosion , copper , strip , ma x Sulfur , ppm w Moistur e conten t Free wate r conten t max . .pa 9

» F

m L Commercia l

Propan e 20 8 143 0 -3 7 -38. 3 2. 5

0.0 5 oass -

- No . 1 18 5 pas s Commercia l Butan e 7 0 48 5 3 6 2. 2

2. 0
0.0 5 pass 0 c No . 1 14 0
none ' Produc

t Designatio n Commercia l P B Mixture s s

3 6 2. 2

2. 0
0.0 5 pass 0 £ NO . 1 14 0
none ' Spedal-Out y Propane * 20 8 143 0 -3 7 -38. 3 2. 5 5. 0 0.0 5 pass 0

No . 1 12 3 pas s AST M Tes t Method s

(se e Sectio n 2 ) D 126 7 o r D2598 c

D183 7 D216 3 D216 3 D216 3 D215 6 D215 8 0 165 7 or D259 6 D183 8 D278 4 0 271 3

* Eamvaien t t o Prooan e HD- 5 o f GPA Standar d 2140 . 8 Th e permissibl e vapo r pressure s o t product s classifie d a s P B mixture s must not excee d 20 8 psi g (143 0 kPa > an d additionall y mus

t no t excee d ma

t calculate d fro m m e totiowm g relationshi p betwee n m e observe d vapo r pressur e an d tn e ooserve d relativ e density : Vapo r pressure , ma * » 116 7 - 188 0 (relative densit y 60/60'F ) o r 116 7 - 188 0 (densit y a t 15»C ) A soecrti c mixtur

e Sha n D e designate d tr

y tn e vapo r pressur

e a t 100° F i n pound s pe r souar e inc h gage . T o compl y wit h tn e Designation , m e vapo r pressur e o t tn e mixtur

e shanoewitrtm+Oto-IOpsio t tn e vapo r pressure specified . " i n cawo f disput

e aoou t tn e vapo r pressure ot a product , tn e valu e actuall y determine d b y Tes t Metho d D126 7 snai l prevai l ove r tn e vau e calculate d tr y Practic e D 259 8 < - A n acceptabl e produc t snai l no

t yiel d a persisten t o n nn g wne n 0. 3 m L o t solven t residu e mixtur e i s adde d t o a inte r paoer . i n O.i-rn L increments an a examine d i n fiavhan t afte r 2 m m a s descnoe d i n Tes t Metho d 0 215 8 « Aitnoug n no

t a specifi c retirement , tn e relative densit y mus t o e determine d fo r othe r purposes an d shoul d b e reported . Additionally , th e relativ e densrt v o l PB . mixtur

e i s neede d t o establis h tn e perrrttsOi e maiomu m vapo r pressure ise e Footnot e fi). . , ' Tn e presence o r absenc e ot wate r shal l o e uetermine d o y visua l nspectxx i o

f th e samples o n whic h th e relativ e densit y i s determmed .

APPENDI

X (Nonnuuidator

y Information

) XI
. SIGNIFICANC E O FAST M SPECIFICATION S FO RLIQUEFIE D PETROLEUM (LP ) GASE S Xl. l Genera

l X l

. I
. I Liquefie

dpetroleu mga s product s are compose do f thos e readil

y liquefiable hydrocarbo n compound s whic h ar e produce din th e cours e o

f processing natural gas an dals o i n th e cours e o

f th e conventional refining o f crud e oil

. Th e compositio n o

f liquefiedgase s ca

n var y widel y dependin g upo n th e sourc e an dth e nature o f th e treatmen t

t o whic h th e product s have bee

n subjected

. X l

. 1

. 2 Ther

e ar e man y use s fo r liquefiedpetroleu mgases . Important use s are . (7 ) a s domestic , commercial , an dindus

tria l fuels

. (2) a s acarbo n sourc e material in meta l treatin g operations , (i ) a s refiner

y raw material s fo

r syntheti c gaso line production , and(4\ a s petrochemical ra w materials

. The nature o f the need s dictate s th e require dcompositio n char

acteristic s i

n thes e variou s applications

. Since the last threi

use s o f thos e liste

dar e i n th e categor

y o l specialt y applica

tion s whic h involve specia

l requirements , the

y are excluded fro mconsideratio n i

n th e specifications

. Xl.l. 3 ln substance , th e AST M Specification s fo

r Lique

fie dPetroleumGase s ar

e designedt o properly define accept
able product s fo

r domestic , commercial , an dindustrial uses . l n man y case s i t wil l b e foun dtha t product s meetin g the specification s wil l als o be usable i

n application s other

tha n th e one s fo

r which the y wer e designed

. Th e followin

g ca n b e accepte da s agenera

l guid e i n the mor

e commo n us

e application s o

f th e thre e type s o

f fuels : X l

. 1.3. 1 Commercial

Propane —This fue

l typ e i s th e on

e preferredfo

r domestic , commercial , andindustria l use . particularly in geographica l area s an din season s wher e lo w ambient temperature s are common , an dwher e uniformit

y o f fue l i s a n importan t

consideration

. Commercia l propan e is suitabl e fo r certai n lo w severit y internal combustio n engin e applications

. X1.1.3. 2 Commercial

PB Mixtures —This fue

l type , since it cover s abroadrang e o

f mixtures , permit s th e tailonn g o f fuels t o specific needs

. Th e variou s mixture s findapplicatio n a s domestic , commercial , an dindustria l fue l i n area s an da

t time s whe

n lo w ambient

temperature condition s ar e les s frequentl y encountered

. XI
. 1.3. 3 Commercial

Butane —This fue

l typ e find s lim

itedapplicatio n a s adomesti c fue l i n area s o f warme r climates

. I t i s similarl y use di n industria

l application s wher

e problem s o

f fue l vaporizatio n ar

e no t present
. XI
. 1.3. 4 Special-Duty Propane —This fue l typ e is aspe70 4P.3 9 # D 1835 cia l iiquefie dpetroieu mga

s produc t tailore dto mee

t th e restrict s e need s o

f internal combustio n engine s operatin g under moderate t o hig

h engine severity

. Fue

l product s o

f thi s typ e wil l be les s variabl e i

n compositio n an dcombustio n characteristic s tha

n th e other

product s coveredb

y thi s '.per

. '"ication

. M. 2 Significanc e an

dUs e XI.2. 1 Sinc e commercia

l liquefiedpetroleumgase s ar e essentiall y eithe r singie component

products , dependin g upo n fue l type , i t follow s that

al l of th e importan t

behavior characteristic s o

f suc h product s ca

n b e definedan dcon trolle db y arelativel

y fe w simpi e measurements
. Th e specifi

catio n test s whic

h are provide dachieve the desire dresult

. The significanc e of

th e variou s test s a s the

y ca n apply t o consumer problem s i s summarize dhere

. X l .2.1. 1 I apor

Pressure. I olatility. and Relative Density (</ i I'anor Press-tin- i s a

n indirec t measur e o f th e mo? : extreme low-temperature condition s under which initia

l vaporizatio n ca

n b e expectedto tak

e place

. I

t ca n be considere da s asemiquantitativ e measur e o f th e amoun t

o f th e mos t volatil e materia

l presen t i n the product

. I

t ca n als r b e useda s amean s fo

r predictin g th e maximu mpressure s whic h ma y be experience da

t fue l tan k temperatures
. Vapor Dressur e become s mor

e significan

t whe n i t i s relate dn volatility

. (/> > Volatility, expressedi

n term s o f the 9 5 r c evaporate d temperature of

th e product , i s ameasur

e o f th e amoun t

o f least volatil e fue

l componen t

presen t i n th e product

. Cou

pledwit h avapo r pressure limit , it

serve s t o assure essentially single-component

product s i

n th e case s o

f commercia

l pro pan e an dcommercia

l butan e fue

l types
. Whe

n volatilit y i s couple dwit

h avapo r pressure limit

whic h ha s been relate dt o gravity , a s i

n th e cas e o

f th e commercia

l PB-mixtur

e typ e o f fuels , th e combinatio n serve s t o assur e essentially tw o component

mixture s fo

r suc h fuels

. Whe

n couple dwit

h z. proper vapo r pressure limit , thi s measurement serve s t c assur e tha t special-dut

y propan e product s wil

l be compose d chiefl y o f propan e an dpropylen e an dtha t propan e wil

l b t the major constituent

. ic ) Relative Density, b

y itself , ha s littl e significance

. I ; become s o

f value only whe

n relate dt o vapor

pressur e and volatility

. Sinc e relativ e densit y i s o f importanc e i

n meetin g transportatio n an dstorag e requirement s i t i s alway s deter

mine dfo r al l liquefiedpetroleu mgas products

. XI.2.!. 2 Other

Proaua Characteristics —While the vaporizatio n an dcombustio n characteristic s o f commercia

l liquefiedgas product s are completely definedfo r th e norma ! use application s b

y vapor pressure , volatility , an drelativ e density , a s give

n i n XI.2.1.1 , there are other item s whic

h eithe r affec t or migh t affec t th e result s obtaine di

n som e specifi

c us e applications

. Fo

r tha t reason , limit s ar

e specifie d fo r residu e content , copper

corrosion , sulfu

r content , mois

ture content , an dfre

e wate r content t o provide assuranc e of produc t dependabilit

y under th e mor e extreme condition s o

f use . ia) Residue (End

Point Index) i s ameasur

e o f the concen tratio n o f combustibl e hydrocarbo n material s present i n the produc t whic h ar e substantially les s volatil e tha n th e lique

fiedpetroleu mga

s hydrocarbons

. Contro l ove r residue content i s o f considerabl e importanc e i n us e application s wher e th e fue l is use di n liqui dfee

dsystems , ln suc

h cases . failur e t o limi t

th e permissibl e concentratio n o f residue material s ma

y resul t i n troublesome deposits

. I t is als o o\" importanc e wher

e the fue l vapor s are withdrawn fro mth e to p o f the storag e container , ln suc h applications , regulating equipmen t

tend s t o becom

e foule du p i f excessive amount s of residu e are presen

t i n th e field. (b) Copper

Corrosion limit s ar

e fo r the purpos e o

f pro vidin g assuranc e tha

t difficultie s wil

l not h e experiencedi;

. th e deterioratio n o

f th e coppe r andcopper-alloy fittings an d connection s whic

h ar e commonly use

di n man y type s o f utilization , storage , an dtransportatio n equipment

. The coppe r corrosion test

wil l detec t th e presenc e o

f hydroge n sulfide , whic

h i s highl y toxic

. Therefor

e th e copper

corrosion limit s als o provide assuranc e tha t th e LP-Ga s wil

l no t contai n hydroge

n sulfid e i n suc h quantitie s a s to presen

t : : healt h an dsafet

y hazard

. I

n addition

. Test

Metho dD 2420 is recommende das afieldtes t andadde dsafeguar

dt o ensur

e that LP-Ga s doe s not

contai n detectabl e amount s o f hy

drogen sulfide

. ic) Sulfur Content limit s ar e provide dprimarily fo

r the purpos e o f more completely defining liquefiedpetroleumga s product s sinc e thes e product s are inherently much lowe r i n sulfu r content tha n othe r petroleum-derive dfuels

. I n the norma l fue l use application s fo

r liquefiedpetroleumgas . sulfu r content i s considere dt o b e o

f limite dsignificanc e i

f th e other produc t characteristic s ar

e within the specifie

d iimits

. (cl) Moisture Content

i s ameasur

e o f th e aporoximai e percentag e saturatio n o

f th e produc t

wit h water
. Thi s mea

surement i s arequirement

onl y o n th e commercia

l ant : specia l dut y propan e type s o

f liquefie dpetroleu mgas . Th

e purpos e o f moistur e content contro l i s to provide assuranc e that pressur e reducin g regulator s an dsimila r equipment

wil l operate consistently without troublesome freeze-up s caused b y th e distillatio n o

f dissolvedwate

r fro mth e product

. le) Free Water

Content i s o f importanc e onl

y o n the commercia

l PB-mixture s an dcommercia l butan e typ e prod

ucts
. Thes e two type s o

f product s ar

e normally use

dunde r ambien t condition s whic

h ar e mildand

. a s aconsequenc e th e only requirement

i s vigilanc e t o assur

e tha t n o fre e water
i s present
. Tne American Society

lor Testing and Materials

taxes no position

respecting

tne validity o ' anv patent ngnts asserte d in

connecticwitn anv item mentionea

in tnis stanoard. users

ol tnis stanoaro

are enpressiv

aavisea mat

oeterminanon

or tne validity or any su:- patent ngnts. ana

tne nsr, ol intnngement

ot sucn ngnts. are

entireiv tneir own resoonsipiiii,
Tnis stanoaro

is subiect to revision

at any time by tne resoonsibie

technical

committee

ana must be reviewed

every live years anc it not reviseo

eitner reapproveo

or witnorawn. rour

comments

are invited either tor

revision

ol this stanoaro

or lor additional

stanoarai ana snouia De aaoressea

to ASTM heaaauaners. Your

comments

win receive caretui consioeration

at a meeting

ol tne resoonsio^ technical

committee

whicn vou mav attena. n

vou teei mat vour comments

nave not receivea

a lair neanng you snouia mane

youviews xnown to tne ASTM Commmee

on Stanaarss. 1916

Race S:. Phiiaaeipnia. PA 19103
"0 5