2009 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

3-3-2009

Zou v. Atty Gen USA

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-1200

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 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

 

Nos. 08-1200 & 08-2010

 

DONG ZOU,

Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,

Respondent

 

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

BIA No. A73-160-704

(U.S. Immigration Judge: Honorable Alberto J. Riefkohl)

 

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

February 25, 2009

Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, CHAGARES and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.

(Filed: March 3, 2009)

 

OPINION OF THE COURT

 

PER CURIAM.

Dong Zou, a native and citizen of China, entered the United States in October

1992. He was charged as being removable pursuant to Immigration and Nationality Act
2

(“INA”) § 212(a)(6)(A)(i) [8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i)], based on his entry into this

country without being admitted or paroled. Zou applied for asylum and withholding of

removal, claiming that Chinese birth control officials forced his wife to have an abortion. 

The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied relief because of discrepancies between Zou’s

testimony, his asylum application, and answers provided at his asylum interview. Zou

filed a counseled notice of appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) in July

1999. The BIA dismissed the appeal on May 17, 2002. Zou claims that he did not learn

of the BIA’s decision until October 2007, when the Department of Homeland Security

(“DHS”) apprehended him.

Zou filed a motion to reopen with the BIA in November 2007, alleging that his

former attorney failed to notify him of the BIA’s May 17, 2002 decision. The BIA denied

the motion, finding that it was untimely and that Zou did not act diligently in bringing his

ineffective assistance of counsel claim. The Board also rejected Zou’s request for

protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), concluding

that he failed to provide evidence of potential torture or changed circumstances in China. 

Zou timely filed a petition for review. (C.A. No. 08-1200).

Meanwhile, Zou filed a motion to reopen and motion to reconsider, challenging the

BIA’s determination that he did not act diligently in bringing his ineffectiveness claim. 

The Board denied the motions on March 24, 2008, holding that the evidence on which

Zou relied could have been presented in his previous motion to reopen and that he failed
 1

 Because Zou has not challenged the BIA’s denial of reopening to apply for CAT

protection or its denial of the motion for reconsideration, he has waived those issues on

appeal. See Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530, 532 n.1 (3d Cir. 2005). 

3

to identify any error in the order denying the prior motion to reopen. Zou filed another

petition for review. (C.A. No. 08-2010).

We have jurisdiction to review the BIA’s denial of reopening under INA § 242 [8

U.S.C. § 1252].1

 See Shardar v. Att’y Gen., 503 F.3d 308, 311 (3d Cir. 2007). We

review the BIA’s rulings for abuse of discretion, and may reverse only if they were

“arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law.” Id. (citation omitted). 

The BIA properly found that Zou’s first motion to reopen was untimely filed. 

Under the regulations, a motion to reopen “must be filed no later than 90 days after the

date on which the final administrative decision was rendered in the proceeding sought to

be reopened.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Zou’s first motion to reopen was filed in

November 2007, well more than 90 days after the BIA rendered a final removal order in

May 2002.

The deadline for filing a motion to reopen may be equitably tolled by an

ineffective assistance of counsel claim. See Borges v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 398, 407 (3d

Cir. 2005). We have explained, however, that “[e]quitable tolling is an extraordinary

remedy which should be extended only sparingly.” Mahmood v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 248,

253 (3d Cir. 2005). A petitioner who seeks to equitably toll the limitations period on
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filing a motion to reopen must exercise due diligence in pursuing the case. See id. at

252-53. 

In this case, Zou alleged that his attorney was ineffective for failing to notify him

of the final removal order issued in May 2002. Zou claims that he acted diligently in

bringing this claim because he filed his first motion to reopen “only about five weeks

after . . . he had learned, for the first time, of the dismissal of his appeal.” But “an alien is

required to exercise due diligence both before and after he has or should have discovered

ineffective assistance of counsel.” Rashid v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 127, 132 (2d Cir. 2008);

Robinson v. Johnson, 313 F.3d 128, 142 (3d Cir. 2002) (explaining that a petitioner must

“exercise reasonable diligence in investigating and bringing the claim.”) (quoting Miller

v. New Jersey Dep’t of Corr., 145 F.3d 616, 618 (3d Cir. 1998)). Zou provided no

evidence in his first motion to reopen that he “took any steps to inquire about the status of

his case” in the 51⁄2 years between the BIA’s May 2002 decision and his arrest by DHS

officers in October 2007. Mahmood, 427 F.3d at 252 (concluding that equitable tolling

was not warranted where petitioner did not check on his case status during eighteen

months between denial of motion to reopen – which petitioner claimed he was unaware of

– and receipt of “bag and baggage” letter); see also Beltre-Veloz v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 7,

11 (1st Cir. 2008) (reasoning that alien’s failure to exercise due diligence in not inquiring

about immigration status for eight years despite knowing that removal proceedings had

commenced precluded equitable tolling). Therefore, the BIA did not abuse its discretion

in denying Zou’s first motion to reopen.
5

In his second motion to reopen, Zou provided evidence which he claimed

demonstrated his diligence. For instance, he submitted a personal affidavit describing his

contacts with his previous attorney. Zou claimed that he saw his previous attorney at

least once a week from 1999 to 2000, when the attorney came to a restaurant where Zou

worked and which was owned by Zou’s cousin. Zou also averred that he asked his

attorney for a copy of his file in 2000 and 2002, and notified the attorney of his new

address in December 2000, around the time he stopped working in the restaurant. Zou

stated that his attorney never advised him of the BIA’s decision. Zou’s cousin provided

an affidavit suggesting that he continued to regularly see the attorney at the restaurant

until 2003, but that the attorney likewise never informed him that the BIA had dismissed

Zou’s appeal. Zou’s present counsel also provided an affidavit claiming that the file he

obtained from Zou’s previous attorney did not contain a copy of the BIA’s May 2002

decision or any indication that Zou had been notified about it. 

The BIA denied the second motion to reopen because the affidavits constituted

evidence that was previously available and should have been submitted with Zou’s first

motion to reopen. Zou argues that the affidavits were not previously available because

they were created after the BIA denied the first motion to reopen. This claim is without

merit. The relevant inquiry is whether the information contained in the affidavits could

have been presented with the first motion. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1) (providing that

“[a] motion to reopen proceedings shall not be granted unless it appears to the Board that

evidence sought to be offered is material and was not available and could not have been
6

discovered or presented at the former hearing.”). Here, all of the events described in the

affidavits occurred well before Zou first moved to reopen the proceedings. Zou also

claims that he did not need to demonstrate diligence in his first motion to reopen, and that

the second motion was “simply a response to the BIA’s newly minted test for diligence.” 

When Zou filed his first motion to reopen in 2007, however, it was well settled that a

petitioner seeking equitable tolling must exercise due diligence in pursuing the case. See

Mahmood, 427 F.3d at 252-53. Finally, Zou suggests that he was not required to

demonstrate that the affidavits were previously unavailable because his second motion to

reopen “was part and parcel of the first motion to reopen in content.” We disagree. Zou

has provided no authority indicating that a subsequent motion to reopen can relate back to

the original motion in order to defeat the requirements of § 1003.2(c). Thus, the BIA did

not abuse its discretion in denying Zou’s second motion to reopen.

For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petitions for review.