Air and Radiation EPA420-P-04-009 April 2004 NR-009c


# Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling-- Compression-Ignition

### EPA420-P-04-009 Revised April 2004



# Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling--Compression-Ignition

NR-009c

Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.

### 1 

## Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling-- Compression-Ignition

Report No. NR-009c Revised April 2004

Assessment and Standards Division EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality

Purpose

This report describes and documents exhaust emission factors used for compression ignition (CI) engines in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) draft NONROAD2004 emission inventory model. The term “compression ignition” is synonymous with “diesel” for the purposes of this report. Pollutants covered include hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO

x 

### ), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO 2 

### ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

### ). Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which is a fuel rate measurement, is also discussed. All PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than 10 microns (PM 10 

### ) and 97% of the PM is assumed to be smaller than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 

### ). The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the user to select which of these two size ranges is reported.

This report covers zero-hour, steady-state emi ssion factors, transient adjustment factors, and deterioration factors for all diesel-fueled engines. Adjustments to emission rates due to variations in fuel sulfur level are also included. There are no additional adjustments to CI emissions for temperature, altitude, or for other fuel parameters. Crankcase HC emission factors are also covered in this report. Emission fact ors for spark ignition engines (including gasoline and natural gas/propane) are covered in a separate report, NR-010d.

Zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for HC, CO, NO

x 

### , PM, and BSFC will be discussed first, followed by adjustments (where applicable) to account for transient operation, deterioration, and variations in fuel sulfur level. Derivation of CO 2 

### and SO 2 

### emission factors follows. Crankcase HC emission factors are then discussed. This is followed by a discussion of the PM 2.5 

### fraction of PM 10 

### used in the Reporting Utility. Prior estimates were documented in the previous version of this report. [1]

### 2 Introduction

The NONROAD model estimates air pollution from more than 80 types of compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) nonroad sources including such items as lawnmowers, motorboats, portable generators and construction equipment. By bringing together information on equipment populations, equipment use, and emission factors, the NONROAD model estimates mass emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO

x 

### ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

### ), particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 

### ) for specific states and counties for past and future years, providing a flexib le tool that can be applied to a wide variety of air quality modeling and planning functions.

The NONROAD calculations rely on emission factors--estimates of the amount of pollution emitted by a particular type of equipment during a unit of use. Typically, emission factors for nonroad sources are reported in grams per horsepower-hour (g/hp-hr), but they also may be reported in grams per mile, grams per hour, and grams per gallon. The CI emission factors in the NONROAD model are reported in g/ hp-hr and are based on emissions test data where available, adjusted when necessary to account for in-use operation that differs from the typical test conditions. These emission factor s are stored in NONROAD’s data input files. NONROAD adjusts these emission factors as necessary to account for the effects of fuel sulfur. Emission changes with the age of the engine, often called ‘deterioration,’are also applied by the model.

If comments on this document or other information gathered during stakeholder and peer review cause us to refine the CI emission factors, we will document the changes in a subsequent report.

Emission Standards

In addition to estimating emissions from uncontrolled engines, the NONROAD model is designed to account for the effect of federa l emissions standards. NONROAD will not cover California emission standards or proposed federa l standards that are not yet final. Draft NONROAD2004 accounts for emission factors under four regulations that establish four tiers of emission standards:

C 

### “Determination of Significance for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines at or above 37 Kilowatts.” This rule establishes “Tier 1” standards for CI engines at or above 50 hp (37 kW). [2]

C 

### “Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines.” This rule lists “Tier 1” and “Tier 2” standards for CI engines below 50 hp, and “Tier 2” and “Tier 3 ” standards for engines of 50 hp and greater. [3]

C 

### “Control of Emissions From Nonroad Larg e Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based).” This rule establishes standards for recreational

### 3 marine diesel engines over 50 hp. [4]

C 

### “Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel E ngines and Fuel.” This rule establishes “Tier 4" standards for CI engines covering all hp categories, and also regulates diesel fuel sulfur content. [5]

The emission standards with the affected model years and the corresponding model tech types are provided in Table 1. Table 1 covers a ll CI engines except recreational marine engines over 50 hp. The standards and emission factors for recreational marine CI engines over 50 hp are discussed separately. Tech types are defined for unique sets of standards and/or certification fuel sulfur levels. The certification fuel sulfur levels will be discussed in more detail later in this report.

Along with the new engine standards listed in Table 1, there are flexibility allowances for equipment manufacturers. Under the Percentage Phase-in Allowance provision, a manufacturer may exempt up to a cumulative total of eighty percent of the production over the first seven years a new standard applies. This applies separately to each regulatory power category. The engines used in such exempted equipment will only have to meet the previous standard, which is either the Tier 1 standard in the case of equipment at or above 50 hp, or unregulated in the case of equipment under 50 hp. For categories of engines where there is an overlap in standards (this only occurs in equipment at or above 50 hp), the standard for the exempted equipment continues to be the Tier 1 standard. The following example illustrates the percent exemptions applied during the introduction of Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards for equipment <100 to 175 hp. For this example, the standard for the exempted equipment is the Tier 1 standard.

2002 100% Tier 1 2003 20% Tier 1; 80% Tier 2 2004 20% Tier 1; 80% Tier 2 2005 10% Tier 1; 90% Tier 2 2006 10% Tier 1; 90% Tier 2 2007 10% Tier 1; 90% Tier 3 2008 10% Tier 1; 90% Tier 3 2009 100% Tier 3 Total exemption: 80%

For the purposes of emissions modeling, we assumed that the manufacturers took full advantage of the Percentage Phase-in Allowance provisions. The resulting technology distributions by hp category and model year are provided in Appendix A, Table A1.

### 4 Table 1. Nonroad CI Engine Emission Standards a

Engine Power (hp) Model Years Regulation Emission Standards (g/hp-hr) NONROAD Tech Types HC b NMHC+NO
x CO NO
x PM
<11 2000-2004 Tier 1 7.8 6.0 0.75 T1
2005-2007 Tier 2 5.6 6.0 0.60 T2 2008+ Tier 4 0.30 T4A, T4B e

$ 11 to <25 2000-2004 Tier 1 7.1 4.9 0.60 T1
2005-2007 Tier 2 5.6 4.9 0.60 T2 2008+ Tier 4 0.30 T4A, T4B e

$ 25 to <50 1999-2003 Tier 1 7.1 4.1 0.60 T1
2004-2007 Tier 2 5.6 4.1 0.45 T2
2008-2012 Tier 4 transitional 0.22 T4A

2013+ Tier 4 final 3.5 0.02 T4
50 to <75 1998-2003 Tier 1 6.9 T1
2004-2007 Tier 2 5.6 3.7 0.30 T2
2008-2012 Tier 3 c 3.5 3.7 T3
2008-2012 Tier 4 transitional c 0.22 T4A

2013+ Tier 4 final 3.5 0.02 T4

$ 75 to <100 1998-2003 Tier 1 6.9 T1
2004-2007 Tier 2 5.6 3.7 0.30 T2
2008-2011 Tier 3 3.5 3.7 T3B
2012-2013 Tier 4 transitional 0.14 (50%) d 0.30 (50%) 0.01 50% T4 50% T4N
2014+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.30 0.01 T4N

$ 100 to <175 1997-2002 Tier 1 6.9 T1
2003-2006 Tier 2 4.9 3.7 0.22 T2
2007-2011 Tier 3 3.0 3.7 T3
2012-2013 Tier 4 transitional 0.14 (50%) 0.30 (50%) 0.01 50% T4 50% T4N
2014+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.30 0.01 T4N

$ 175 to <300 1996-2002 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2003-2005 Tier 2 4.9 2.6 0.15 T2
2006-2010 Tier 3 3.0 2.6 T3
2011-2013 Tier 4 transitional 0.14 (50%) 0.30 (50%) 0.01 50% T4 50% T4N
2014+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.30 0.01 T4NEngine Power (hp) Model Years Regulation Emission Standards (g/hp-hr) NONROAD Tech Types HC b NMHC+NO
x CO NO
x PM



### 5 $ 300 to <600 1996-2000 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2001-2005 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15 T2
2006-2010 Tier 3 3.0 2.6 T3
2011-2013 Tier 4 transitional 0.14 (50%) 0.30 (50%) 0.01 50% T4 50% T4N
2014+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.30 0.01 T4N

$ 600 to # 750 1996-2001 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2002-2005 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15 T2
2006-2010 Tier 3 3.0 2.6 T3
2011-2013 Tier 4 transitional 0.14 (50%) 0.30 (50%) 0.01 50% T4 50% T4N
2014+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.30 0.01 T4N >750 except generator sets 2000-2005 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2006-2010 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15 T2
2011-2014 Tier 4 transitional 0.30 2.6 0.075 T4

2015+ Tier 4 final 0.14 2.6 0.03 T4N
Generator sets >750 to # 1200 2000-2005 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2006-2010 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15 T2
2011-2014 Tier 4 transitional 0.30 2.6 0.075 T4

2015+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.5 0.02 T4N
Generator sets >1200 2000-2005 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4 T1
2006-2010 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15 T2
2011-2014 Tier 4 transitional 0.30 0.5 0.075 T4

2015+ Tier 4 final 0.14 0.5 0.02 T4N

a These standards do not apply to recreational marine diesel e ngines over 50 hp. Standards for this category are provided in Ta ble 7.
b Tier 4 standards are in the form of NMHC.

c For 50 to <75 hp engines, a Tier 3 NO

x standard of 3.5 g/hp-hr was promulgated, beginning in 2008. The Tier 4 transitional standard also begins in 2008; it leaves the Tier 3 NO

x standard unchanged and adds a 0.22 g/hp-hr PM standard.

d Percentages are model year sales fractions required to comply with the indicated NO

x and NMHC standards, for model years where less than 100 percent is required.

e The T4A tech type is used in 2008-2012. The T4B tech type is used in 2013+.

### 6 Methodology for Calculation of Emission Factors in NONROAD

For HC, CO, and NO

x 

### , the exhaust emission factor for a given diesel equipment type in a given model year/age is calculated as follows:

[Equation 1] 

# EF EF TAF DF adj HC CO NOx ss (,, ) 

# =××

where: EF adj 

### = final emission factor used in model, after adjustments to account for transient operation and deterioration (g/hp-hr) EF
ss 

### = zero-hour, steady-state emission factor (g/hp-hr) TAF = transient adjustment factor (unitless) DF = deterioration factor (unitless)

The zero-hour, steady-state emission factors (EF
ss 

### ) are mainly a function of model year and horsepower category, which defines the technology type. The transient adjustment factors (TAFs) vary by equipment type. The deteriora tion factor (DF) is a function of the technology type and age of the engine.

Since PM emissions are dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel the engine is burning, the equation used for PM is slightly modified from equation [1] as follows:

[Equation 2] 

# EF EF TAF DF S adj PM ss PMadj ( ) 

# = × ×−

where: S PM adj 

### = adjustment to PM emission factor to account for variations in fuel sulfur content (g/hp-hr) PM and SO 2 

### are the only diesel pollutants that are dependent on fuel sulfur content.

For BSFC, there is no deterioration applied, so the equation is simplified to:

[Equation 3] 

# EF EF TAF adj BSFC 

### ss ( ) 

# = ×

Emission factors for CO 2 

### and SO 2 

### are calculated based on brake-specific fuel consumption; therefore, the model does not require CO 2 

### or SO 2 

### emission factor input files. The equations for computing these emissions are discussed in detail later in this report.

Crankcase HC emissions are simply a fraction (2%) of exhaust HC emissions for Tier 3 and earlier engines. [6] For Tier 4 engines, zero crankcase emissions are assumed. Crankcase emissions are discussed in more detail later in this report.

For ease of reference, the model inputs for EF
ss 

### , TAFs, and DFs are included with the

### 7 technology model year fractions in Appendix A.

Zero-Hour, Steady State Emission Factors (EF
ss 

### )--HC, CO, NO
x 

### , PM, and BSFC

This section describes the steady-state fuel consumption and emission factors for HC, CO, NO
x 

### , and PM. These emission factors are listed in Table A2 in Appendix A. We have used engine model year and horsepower as categor ies to group NONROAD emission factors. These groupings are consistent with emission standards fo r CI engines with two minor exceptions. One exception is that the pre-control engines have been split into two groups, pre-1988 MY engines, and 1988 MY to Tier 1 engines. The pre-1988 MY engines are referred to as “Base” engines and the 1988 MY to Tier 1 engines are referred to as “Tier 0” engines. This distinction was made based on data indicating a difference in emission rates. The other exception is a minor difference in the horsepower categories used in NONROAD versus those used for standard setting. The NONROAD horsepower categories follow the general formula, x<hp # 

### y, whereas the CI standards generally follow the formula, x # 

### hp<y. By making this minor modification, the NONROAD CI horsepower categories are consiste nt with those used for spark ignition equipment. Perhaps in the future, emission factors may be distinguished by technologies such as turbo-charging, fuel metering pumps, and cylinde r size; however, there are not enough emissions data at present to support such distinctions in NONROAD emission factors.

As mentioned previously, fuel sulfur leve ls affect PM emissions. NONROAD users can adjust for local (episodic) fuel sulfur levels. The adjustment is made relative to the default certification fuel sulfur level in the model. NONROAD has a default certification diesel fuel sulfur level of 0.33 mass percent (3300 ppm), the national average for nonroad diesel estimated as of 1997 [7], and the Tier 1 and pre-contro l emission factors in NONROAD’s input files are adjusted to be consistent with this default fuel sulfur level. The available Tier 2 emission factors are intended to be consistent with a default fuel sulfur level of 0.20 mass percent, in order to attain a 0.15 g/hp-hr PM standard. Where emission tests were known to have been performed with fuels with other sulfur contents, the test results have been adjusted, as described in Appendix C.

The default certification fuel sulfur levels in the model for Tier 3 and Tier 4 engines are provided in Table 2. In addition to adjusting for local fuel sulfur levels, the model allows the user to input alternative default certification diesel fuel sulfur levels for Tier 2 and later engines. This option will be described in more detail in a later section of the report.

### 8 Table 2. Default Certification Diesel Fuel Su lfur Content for Tier 3 and Tier 4 Engines

Engine Power Model Years Regulation NONROAD Tech Types Modeled Default Fuel Sulfur Content (ppm)
hp # 75 2008-2012 Tier 4 transitional T4A 500

2013+ Tier 4 T4B, T4 15
75 < hp # 100 2008-2011 Tier 3 transitional a T3B 500

2012+ Tier 4 transitional and final T4, T4N 15

100 < hp # 175 2007-2011 Tier 3 T3 2000

2012+ Tier 4 transitional and final T4, T4N 15

175 < hp # 750 2006-2010 Tier 3 T3 2000

2011+ Tier 4 transitional and final T4, T4N 15

hp > 750 2011+ Tier 4 transitional and final T4, T4N 15

a Since the Tier 3 standard begins in 2008, it is assumed that this new technology introduction will allow manufacturers to take advantage of the availability of 500 ppm fuel that year.



### Due to lack of data, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the 1988-and-later pre-control (Tier 0) engines is used for all engines, both earlier pre-control engines and later engines subject to emissions standards. The derivation of the BSFC values is described in Appendix C. While it is likely that fuel consumption varies between these categories, there is not sufficient data available at this time for EPA to specify alternate values.

There is little test data available on nonroad engines. In developing the emission factors for NONROAD, we have considered data from various sources. The basis for the emission factors by model year/hp category is described below and summarized in Tables 3-6. Compared to previous versions of the model, this version has emission factor estimates for Tier 4 engines that reflect the recent final rulemaking.

Base (Pre-1988), Engines # 

### 50 hp: There are no known tests of pre-1988 CI engines of less than or equal to 50 hp. Thus, NONROAD will use the same emission factors as for the 1988 through Tier 1 years for engines of this size described below.

Table 3. Summary of the Basis for the HC Zero -Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft9NONROAD2004HPHC g/hp-hrTier 0aT0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2bT2 BasiscTier 3bT3 BasiscTier 4fT4 Basis>0 to 111.5OFFROAD0.7628 cert 0.5508d(5) 10% default margin from 0.6 equivalent std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)na 0.5508Same as T2>11 to 161.7OFFROAD0.4380 cert 0.4380(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)na 0.4380Same as T2>16 to 251.7OFFROAD0.4380 cert 0.4380(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)na 0.4380Same as T2>25 to 501.8OFFROAD0.2789 cert 0.2789(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std)na 0.1314d8% margin from0.14 eqv std>50 to 750.99EF data0.5213 cert 0.3672d(5) 10% default margin from 0.4 equivalent std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)0.1836d(5) 10% marginfrom 0.2 eqv std0.1314d8% margin from0.14 eqv std>75 to 1000.99EF data0.5213 cert 0.3672d(5) 10% default margin from 0.4 equivalent std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)0.1836d(5) 10% marginfrom 0.2 eqv std0.1314d8% margin from0.14 standard>100 to 1750.68EF data0.3384 cert 0.3384(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std)0.1836d(5) 10% marginfrom 0.2 eqv std0.1314d8% margin from0.14 standard>175 to 3000.68EF data0.3085 cert 0.3085(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std)0.1836d(5) 10% marginfrom 0.2 eqv std0.1314d8% margin from0.14 standard>300 to 6000.68EF data0.2025 cert 0.1669cert0.1669(3) Same as T20.1314d8% margin from0.14 standard>600 to 7500.68EF data0.1473 cert 0.1669(1 and 2) Same as the >300 to 600hp category.Rationale:a) All these HP categories meet same 0.3 HCeqv std.b) The NOx T1 EFs exceed the T2 std. To meetNOx T2, changes are likely to increase HC.c) EF based on actual cert data.0.1669(3) Same as T20.1314d8% margin from0.14 standard>750 exceptgen sets0.68EF data0.2861 cert 0.1669 na 0.1314d,e8% margin from0.14 standardGen sets>750 to 12000.68EF data0.2861 cert 0.1669 na 0.1314d,e8% margin from0.14 standardGen sets>12000.68EF data0.2861 cert 0.1669 na 0.1314d,e8% margin from0.14 standardaTier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1.Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For#50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF. For>50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.bThe Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOxstandard. The NMHC assumed fractions of these combined standards are taken from the RIA.The resulting NMHC portion of the combined standardis referred to here as the “equivalent” standard.cNumbers in parentheses correspond to the option selected, whichis briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text.dAn adjustment of 1.02 (1/0.984) is also applied to convert fromNMHC to THC, since the standards apply to NMHC. This adjustment is described in report NR-002b.eFor >750 hp engines, there is also a transitional Tier 4 NMHCstandard of 0.30 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding HC EFin NONROAD is 0.2815 g/hp-hr.fTier 4 emission factors are considered tobe transient, rather than steady-state.10Table 4. Summary of the Basis for the CO Zero-HourSteady-State CI EmissionFactors in Draft NONROAD2004HPCO g/hp-hrTier 0aT0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2 T2 BasisbTier 3 T3 BasisbTier 4dT4 Basis>0 to 115OFFROAD4.1127 cert 4.1127Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 4.1127Same as T1>11 to 165OFFROAD2.1610 cert 2.1610Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 2.1610Same as T1>16 to 255OFFROAD2.1610 cert 2.1610Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 2.1610Same as T1>25 to 505OFFROAD1.5323 cert 1.5323Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na0.153c90%reduction>50 to 753.49EF data2.3655 cert 2.3655Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)2.3655Same as T10.237c90%reduction>75 to 1003.49EF data2.3655 cert 2.3655Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)2.3655Same as T10.23790%reduction>100 to 1752.7EF data0.8667 cert 0.8667Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)0.8667Same as T10.08790%reduction>175 to 3002.7EF data0.7475 cert 0.7475Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)0.7475Same as T10.07590%reduction>300 to 6002.7EF data1.3060 cert 0.8425cert0.8425Same as T20.08490%reduction>600 to 7502.7EF data1.3272 cert 1.3272Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)1.3272Same as T10.13390%reduction>750 exceptgen sets2.7EF data0.7642 cert 0.7642Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.07690%reductionGen sets>750 to 12002.7EF data0.7642 cert 0.7642Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.07690%reductionGen sets>12002.7EF data0.7642 cert 0.7642Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.07690%reductiona Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1.Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines.For#50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF.For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.b The Tier 2 and Tier 3 CO emission factors are based on application of option 2, the carryover of emission factors derived from nonroad certification data. For more detailregarding this option, consult the text.c For >25 to 75 hp engines, CO emissions for engines meeting the Tier 4 transitional PM standard of 0.22 g/hp-hr in 2008-2012 are unchanged from Tier 1. In 2013+, whenthe Tier 4 PM standard of 0.02 g/hp-hr takes effect, the corresponding CO EFs are reduced by 90 percent.d Tier 4 emission factors are considered tobe transient, rather than steady-state.11Table 5. Summary of the Basis for the NOxZero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2004HPNOx g/hp-hrTier 0aT0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2bT2 BasiscTier 3bT3 BasiscTier 4eT4 Basis>0 to 1110OFFROAD5.2298 cert 4.3(4) 14% hwy margin from 5.0 equivalent std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)na 4.3Same as T2>11 to 168.5OFFROAD4.4399 cert 4.4399(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)na 4.4399Same as T2>16 to 258.5OFFROAD4.4399 cert 4.4399(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)na 4.4399Same as T2>25 to 506.9OFFROAD4.7279 cert 4.7279(3) Same as T1(since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std)na 3.0Same as>50 to 75>50 to 758.30EF data5.5988 cert 4.7(5) 10% default margin from 5.2 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)3.0(5) 10% marginfrom 3.3 eqv std3.0Same as T3>75 to 1008.30EF data5.5988 cert 4.7(5) 10% default margin from 5.2 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)3.0(5) 10% marginfrom 3.3 eqv std0.2768% marginfrom 0.3 std>100 to 1758.38EF data5.6523 cert 4.1(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)2.5(5) 10% marginfrom 2.8 eqv std0.2768% marginfrom 0.3 std>175 to 3008.38EF data5.5772 cert 4.0(4) 10.5% hwy margin from 4.5 T2 equivalentstd2.5(4) 10.5% hwymargin from 2.80.2768% marginfrom 0.3 std>300 to 6008.38EF data6.0153 cert 4.3351cert (real data preferred even though marginfrom 4.5 eqv T2 std <10%)2.5(5) 10% marginfrom 2.8 eqv std0.2768% marginfrom 0.3 std>600 to 7508.38EF data5.8215 cert 4.1(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)2.5(5) 10% marginfrom 2.8 eqv std0.2768% marginfrom 0.3 std>750 exceptgen sets8.38EF data6.1525 cert 4.1(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)na 2.3928% marginfrom 2.6 stdGen sets>750 to 12008.38EF data6.1525 cert 4.1(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)na 0.460d8% marginfrom 0.5 stdGen sets>12008.38EF data6.1525 cert 4.1(5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)na 0.4608% marginfrom 0.5 stdaTier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1.Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For#50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF.For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.bThe Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOxstandard. The NOxassumed fractions of these combinedstandards are taken from the RIA. Theresulting NOxportion of the combined standard is referred to here as the “equivalent” standard.cNumbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which isbriefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. The derivation of thehighway-based compliance margins are discussed in Appendix E.dFor generator sets >750 to 1200hp, there is also a transitional Tier 4 NOxstandard of 2.6 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding NOxEF is 2.39 g/hp-hr.eTier 4 emission factors are considered tobe transient, rather than steady-state.12Table 6. Summary of the Basis for the PM10Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2004HPPM10g/hp-hrTier 0aT0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2 T2 BasisbTier 3 T3 BasisbTier 4eT4 Basis>0 to 111OFFROAD0.4474 cert 0.50(1) The NOx T1 EF exceeds the T2 std. Tomeet NOx T2, changes are likely to increasePM. The T2 PM EF is therefore expected to begreater than 0.44 (T1 EF) and less than 0.60(T2 std); 0.50 chosen as a reasonable value.na 0.288% marginfrom 0.3 std>11 to 160.9OFFROAD0.2665 cert 0.2665(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.288% marginfrom 0.3 std>16 to 250.9OFFROAD0.2665 cert 0.2665(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.288% marginfrom 0.3 std>25 to 500.8OFFROAD0.3389 cert 0.3389(3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std)na 0.0184c8% marginfrom 0.02 std>50 to 750.722EF data0.4730 0.24(4) 20% highway-based margin from std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)0.30(1) T3 std0.0184c8% marginfrom 0.02 std>75 to 1000.722EF data0.4730 0.24(4) 20% highway-based margin from std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)0.30(1) T3 std0.00928% marginfrom 0.01 std>100 to 1750.402EF data0.2799 0.18(4) 20% highway-based margin from std(since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used)0.22(1) T3 std0.00928% marginfrom 0.01 std>175 to 3000.402EF data0.2521 cert 0.1316(2) T2 EF for >300 to 600hp category applied tothese hp categories. Rationale: All four hpcategories meet same PM std. Also, T2 EF of0.1316 based on actual certification data.0.15(1) T3 std0.00928% marginfrom 0.01 std>300 to 6000.402EF data0.2008 cert 0.1316 0.15(1) T3 std0.00928% marginfrom 0.01 std>600 to 7500.402EF data0.2201 cert 0.1316 0.15(1) T3 std0.00928% marginfrom 0.01 std>750 exceptgen sets0.402EF data0.1934 cert 0.1316 na 0.0276d8% marginfrom 0.03 stdGen sets>750 to 12000.402EF data0.1934 cert 0.1316 na 0.0184d8% marginfrom 0.02 stdGen sets>12000.402EF data0.1934 cert 0.1316 na 0.0184d8% marginfrom 0.02 stdaTier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1.Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For#50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF.For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.bNumbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. The derivation of thehighway-based compliance margins are discussed in Appendix E.cFor >25 to 75 hp engines, there is also a transitional Tier4 PM standard of 0.22 g/hp-hr in 2008-2012. The corresponding PMEF in NONROAD is 0.20 g/hp-hr.dFor all engines >750 hp, there is also a transitional Tier4 PM standard of 0.075 g/hp-hr in 2011-2014. The corresponding PMEF in NONROAD is 0.069 g/hp-hr.eTier 4 emission factors are considered tobe transient, rather than steady-state.

### 13 Base (Pre-1988), Engines > 50 hp: For pre-1988 CI engines of greater than 50 hp, NONROAD’s steady-state emission factors are based on the emission factors used in the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES) [6]. The sources of the emission factors used in NEVES are described in Appendix B. The emission factors vary by application. However, NEVES includes an adjustment for in-use operation. Since NONROAD uses a different in-use adjustment factor than NEVES (see Appendix F), the NEVES adjustment is removed to determine pre-1988 average steady-state emissions.

Because the testing fuel is generally unknown, we assume that the NEVES PM factors

are appropriate for the default fuel sulfur content of 0.33 wt.% sulfur used in NONROAD.

A conversion from gram per gallon to gram per horsepower-hr was made to NEVES emission rates for the greater than 50 horsepower engines for the diesel recreational marine categories; inboard, outboard, and sailboat auxiliary. Outboard and sailboat auxiliary engines above 50 hp were converted from the NEVES gram per gallon to gram per horsepower using the higher fuel consumption of 0.408 lbs/hp-hr and 7.1 lbs/gallon fuel density because these engines are primarily less than 100 hp. The NEVES emission rate for inboard engines was converted using the lower fuel consumption rate of 0.367 lbs/hp-hr because these engines are primarily above 100 horsepower.

Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1), Engines # 

### 50 hp For 1988-and-later pre-control engines less than or equal to 50 hp, we will use the emission factors described in the documenta tion for ARB’s OFF-ROAD model. [8] We have combined the direct injection and indirect inj ection factors using the technology fractions listed in the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) for the emission standards. [9] Again, because the sulfur content of fuels used in generating these emission factors is unknown, we have assumed that the PM emission factors are appropriate for the default fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent.

Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1), Engines >50 hp Recent studies have indicated that, in genera l, emission rates from Tier 0 engines greater than 50 hp are lower than for Tier 0 engines less than or equal to 50 hp. For these engines, we will use emission factors calculated from recent studies. A summary of the emission data from these studies is provided in Appendix C. As explained in Appendix C, a correction for fuel sulfur content is applied.

Tier 1 Engines , all hp categories The NONROAD model’s emission factors fo r Tier 1 engines are based on EPA certification data. The certification data are described in Appendix D.

Tier 2 Engines, >300 to 600 hp Since EPA certification data are available for this hp category, the emission factors are

### 14 based on analysis of the certification data, as described in Appendix D.

Tier 2 Engines # 

### 300 hp and > 600 hp and Tier 3 Engines Since the Tier 2 standard for the 600 to 750 hp category began in 2002, and the Tier 2 standard for the 100 to 300 hp category began in 2003, Tier 2 certification data for these categories are now available; however, these recent certification data were not yet available at the time these emission factors were developed. As a result, we developed five alternative options for calculating zero mile, steady-state emi ssion factors for these engines. These options were considered in the order they are presented here.

(1) Examine likely impacts of expected technology changes . In this option, we consider offsetting changes to PM and HC with implem entation of stricter emission standards for NO
x 

### . This includes assigning the applicable standard as the PM emission factor without applying a compliance margin. The compliance margin is the percent difference between a standard and average emissions at certification for engines manufactured under that standard.

(2) Assign an emission factor from another hp category . In this option, we assume that an emission factor based on certification data is applicable to another hp category and is preferable to applying a compliance margin to the applicable nonroad standard.

(3) Continue to use the Tier 1 or Tier 2 emission factors derived from the nonroad certification data . In this option, we assume that manufacturers will maintain current emission levels, e.g., design technologies, if they appear adequate to achieve compliance while maintaining some margin of safety. Under this option, we would assume that emission factors remain at the same levels used for Tier 1 or Tier 2 engines.

This option was only considered if the compliance margin (percent difference) between the proposed emission factor and the applicable nonroad standard was at least 10%. We based this lower bound (10%) on average highway-certification compliance margins for NO
x 

### , assuming that it represents progressive highway certification experience for a “controlling pollutant,” i.e., a pollutant for which the necessity to achieve compliance drives innovation in engine design or control technology.

(4) Reduce the applicable nonroad standard by a compliance margin derived from certification test results for analogous highway engines . We expect that the control of emissions from nonroad engines will follow a course similar to that experienced for highway engines, since we believe that as standards for nonroad engines become more stringent, manufacturers will adopt technologies similar to those already introduced in highway engines. Based on this expectation, we calculated compliance margins using highway standards and corresponding highway certification test results. In this discussion, we will refer to compliance margins calculated for highway engines as “highway-certification compliance margins” (HCCM). The derivation of the HCCMs is discussed in detail in Appendix E. An HCCM is only considered for use if it is greater

### 15 than or equal to 10% and less than 75%.

(5) Apply a default compliance margin of 10% . In this option, we assume that on average, manufacturers will maintain a minimum compliance margin. This margin is based on average highway certification compliance margins for NO

x 

### , the pollutant appearing to drive measures to achieve compliance in highway diesel engines. A default compliance margin was considered when the highway-based compliance margins were outside the acceptable range. With this option, the applicable nonroad standard is simply reduced by 10%.

The Agency regulates HC and NO

x 

### under a combined standard for all Tier 2 and Tier 3 engines. Thus, in order to apply compliance margins for these pollutants, where applicable, we split the combined standard into pollutant-specific components for HC and NO

x 

### . These are presented in Table 7.

For each pollutant in Tiers 2 and 3, we evaluated one or more of these five options for each horsepower category. The specific options selected for each pollutant and Tier are presented in Tables 3-6 and summarized below:

HC : Tier 2 : For categories less than 300 hp, we continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance margin (option 5) on an individual basis by horsepower category to give nonroad compliance margins of at least 10%. We did not use the highway-certification compliance margins because the highway HC standards have not driven technology development; as a result, the HC standards are unrelated to the certification values.

For the two hp categories greater than 600 hp, we assigned the emission factor for the 300-600 hp category. The rationale, which applie s options 1 and 2, is threefold: 1) all three hp categories meet the same HC equivalent standard, 2) the use of certification data is preferable to applying a compliance margin, and 3) changes necessary to meet the Tier 2 NO
x 

### standard for the 600-750 hp category are likely to increase HC, so a slight increase in HC emissions from Tier 1 to Tier 2 for this hp category is not unexpected.

Tier 3 : We continued to use the Tier 2 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance margin (option 5) to give nonroad compliance margins of at least 10%. We ruled out use of highway-certification compliance margins (option 4) for the same reason as for Tier 2.

CO : Tiers 2 and 3 : We continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 2) for all horsepower categories in Tiers 2 and 3. Highway-certification compliance margins (option 4) were very large (>90%), and as with HC, give implausibly low emission factors in Tiers 2 and 3.

### 16 Table 7. Tier 2 and Tier 3 Combined and Estimated Pollutant-Specific Emissions Standards for Nonroad Diesel Engines 1



### Power Range (hp) Combined Standard HC+NO
x 

### (g/hp-hr) Estimated Pollutant-Specific HC (g/hp-hr) Estimated Pollutant-Specific NO
x 

### (g/hp-hr)

Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 3

< 11 5.6 0.6 5.0

$ 

### 11 to <25 5.6 0.6 5.0

$ 

### 25 to <50 5.6 0.6 5.0

$ 

### 50 to <100 5.6 3.5 0.4 0.2 5.2 3.3

$ 

### 100 to <175 4.9 3.0 0.4 0.2 4.5 2.8

$ 

### 175 to <300 4.9 3.0 0.4 0.2 4.5 2.8

$ 

### 300 to <600 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.2 4.5 2.8

$ 

### 600 to <750 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.2 4.5 2.8

$ 

### 750 4.8 0.3 4.5

1 

### Pollutant-specific components have no regulat ory significance and are derived to facilitate modeling analyses.

Basis for Pollutant-Specific HC and NO
x 

### Emission Standards:

Tier 2 <50 hp : As in the RIA [9], EPA assumes minimum HC emissions of 0.6 g/hp-hr based on ARB data on indirect injection (IDI) engines under 25 hp. This rate is then subtracted from the combined HC+NO
x 

### standard to split the standard into single pollutant emission factors.

Tier 2 $ 

### 50 hp : As in the RIA [9], the proposed European NO
x 

### standard is used to split the combined HC+NO
x 

### standard into single pollutant emission factors.

Tier 3 : NONROAD follows the RIA [9] in using engineering judgment to assume minimum HC emissions of 0.2 g/hp-hr. This rate is then subtracted from the combined HC+NO
x 

### standard to split the standard into single pollutant emission factors.

### 17 NO
x 

### : Tier 2 : We applied highway-certification compliance margins (option 4), continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance margin (option 5) on an individual basis by horsepower category to give compliance margins of at least 10%.

Tier 3 : We applied the highway certification compliance margin (option 4) or the default compliance margin (option 5) for all horsepower categories. Nonroad certification results (option 3) did not provide adequate compliance margins.

PM : Tier 2 : We applied the first four options on an individual basis by horsepower category to give compliance margins of at least 10%. The highway-certification compliance margin used for the 50-100 hp and 100-175 hp categories was 20%.

Tier 3 : Tier 3 PM emission factors were set equal to the appropriate nonroad standards. To meet the NO

x 

### Tier 3 standards, technological changes are likely to increase PM; therefore, compliance margins were not applied to PM (option 1).

Tier 4 Engines For these engines, an 8% compliance margin was applied to the standards. This compliance margin was derived from data for highway diesel vehicles and used in the HD2007 rulemaking.

The resulting zero-hour, steady-state emission factors for all Tiers and pollutants are shown in Table A2 in Appendix A.

Recreational Marine and Underground Mining Emission Factors

Recreational marine CI engines over 50 hp were recently subject to EPA emission regulations [5], so the emission factor inputs us ed for these engines do not exactly follow those presented in Tables 2 - 5. The emission factors reflecting the standards for this equipment category are now included in this version of the model. The emission standards for this category are provided in Table 8. Table 9 shows the ba se and controlled recreational marine emission factors now in draft NONROAD2004.

Although underground mining equipment emissions are not controlled by EPA, there have been controls imposed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The OSHA standards do not directly follow the form used for the NONROAD model, but they are considered approximately equivalent to the EPA Tier 2 standards for land-based CI equipment. Therefore, the NONROAD model simply uses the NEVES uncontrolled emission factors for Base, Tier 0, and Tier 1 underground mining inputs, and then applies the Tier 2 emission factors from Tables 3 - 6 for all newer engines.

### 18 Table 8. Emission Standards for Recreati onal Marine Diesel Engines Over 50 Hp

Engine Size (based on displacent in liters per cylinder) Model Year Model Tech Type Emission Standards (g/hp-hr)

HC+NO
x CO PM

0.5 L/cyl # disp < 0.9 L/cyl 2007 T2M 5.6 3.7 0.30
0.9 L/cyl # disp < 1.2 L/cyl 2006 T2M 5.4 3.7 0.22
1.2 L/cyl # disp < 2.5 L/cyl 2006 T2M 5.4 3.7 0.15
disp $ 2.5 L/cyl 2009 T2M 5.4 3.7 0.15



### Table 9. NONROAD Model EF Inputs for Recrea tional Marine Diesel Engines Over 50 Hp

Engine Power (hp) Model Years Tech Type Emission Factor Modeling Inputs (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NOx PM
50 < hp # 100 Pre-2007 Base 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.16

2007 T2M 0.14 0.95 4.99 0.16
100 < hp # 175 Pre-2006 Base 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.16

2006 T2M 0.14 0.95 4.78 0.16
175 < hp # 300 Pre-2006 Base 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.16

2006 T2M 0.14 0.95 4.78 0.11
300 < hp # 750 Pre-2006 Base 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.16

2006 T2M 0.14 0.95 4.79 0.12

>750 Pre-2009 Base 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.16

2009 T2M 0.14 0.95 4.79 0.12



### Transient Adjustment Factors--HC, CO, NO
x 

### , PM, and BSFC

Nonroad engines are primarily tested with st eady-state tests. However, the steady-state operation typically used for emission testing is not always representative of the operation of engines in many nonroad applications. Some of the differences can be due to load or engine speed, and other differences can be due to transient demands. We will apply “transient adjustment factors” (“TAFs”) to the steady-st ate emission factors previously described. TAFs are applied to the Base, Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission factors. Transient emission control is expected to be an integral part of all Tier 4 engine design considerations. As a result, TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0).

### 19 

## TAF EF
EF

trans

ss 

## = We calculate the TAF as the ratio of the transient emission factor (EF trans 

### ) to the corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor (EF
ss 

### ):

Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.

The derivation and application of the TAFs, including the test data used, are described in more detail in Appendix F. Appendix F also compares the TAF methodology and data used for draft NONROAD2004 with previous versions of the model.

Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application. The steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the appropriate TAFs to create NONROAD’s emission factor input files for CI engines.

In the previous version of the model, the Tier 3 NOx and PM TAFs were mistakenly applied for equipment having steady-state operation. Equipment having steady-state operation should have TAF values of 1.0. This has been corrected in draft NONROAD2004.

Deterioration Factors--HC, CO, NO
x 

### , and PM

The NONROAD model addresses the effects of deterioration in the inventory calculation by multiplying a zero hour emission factor for each category of engine by a deterioration factor, DF (see equation 1 above). DF varies as a function of engine age. The following equation is used to calculate DF as a function of engine age:

DF = 1 + A * (Age Factor) b 

### for Age Factor # 

### 1 [Equation 4] DF = 1 + A for Age Factor > 1

where: Age Factor = fraction of median life expended = (cumulative hours * load factor) median life at full load, in hours A, b = constants for a given pollutant/technology type; b # 

### 1.

Deterioration is capped at the end of an engine’s median life (age factor =1), under the assumption that an engine deteriorates to a point where any increased deterioration is offset by maintenance.

The constants A and b can be varied to approximate a wide range of deterioration patterns. “A” can be varied to reflect differences in maximum deterioration. For example, setting A equal to 2.0 would result in emissions at the engine’s median life being three times the emissions when new (DF = 1 + 2). The shape of the deterioration function is determined by the

### 20 second constant, “b.” This constant can be set at any level between zero and 1.0. For compression-ignition engines, b is always equal to 1.0. This results in a linear deterioration pattern, in which the rate of deterioration is constant throughout the median life of an engine.

Due to lack of deterioration data for nonroad compression-ignition engines, the deterioration factors are based on data derived from highway engines. The derivation of the constant “A” for compression-ignition engines is described in Appendix G and the resulting deterioration factors (i.e., the constants “A”) are given in Table A4.

Sulfur Adjustment for PM Emissions (S PMadj 

### )

Since PM emissions are dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel, an adjustment (S PM
adj 

### ) is subtracted from the PM emission factor to account for variations in fuel sulfur content (see equation 2 above). S PM adj 

### corrects PM emissions from the default fuel sulfur level to the episodic fuel sulfur level and is calculated using the following equation:

S PM adj 

### = BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]

where: S PM adj 

### = PM sulfur adjustment (g/hp-hr) BSFC = in-use adjusted brake-specific fuel consumption (lb fuel/hp-hr) 453.6 = conversion from lb to grams 7.0 = grams PM sulfate/grams PM sulfur soxcnv = grams PM sulfur/grams fuel sulfur consumed 0.01= conversion from percent to fraction soxbas = default certification fuel sulfur weight percent soxdsl = episodic fuel sulfur weight percent (specified by user)

The soxcnv term represents the fraction of diesel fuel sulfur converted to PM. This varies by technology type. Soxcnv is equal to 0.02247 for the Base, T0, T1, T2, T3, T3B, T4A, and T4B technology types. For Tier 4 engines meeting stringent PM standards below 0.1 g/hphr, soxcnv is equal to 0.30. This applies to the T4 and T4N technology types. If the soxcnv value for a technology type is not provided in the opt file, the default value used in the model is 0.02247. Derivation of the soxcnv term is described in Appendix C.

Values for the soxbas term vary by technology type and were discussed previously. If the soxbas value for a technology type is not provided in the opt file, the default value used in the model is 0.33 weight percent for diesel engines.

This version of the model also allows the user to input alternative default certification diesel fuel sulfur levels (soxbas) for Tier 2 and Ti er 3 engines. This is a feature added to the opt file, but not available through the GUI; therefore, this feature can only be exercised by changing the opt file.

Sample Calculation--EF adj

### 21 The following example illustrates how emission factors are calculated in NONROAD.

Example : Calculate the PM emission factor for a three year old 100-175 hp diesel excavator in 2003. The episodic diesel fuel sulfur level is 2500 ppm. (In NONROAD, three year old equipment in 2003 translates to equipment made in model year 2001, since the calendar year of interest is assigned age =1 year).

Needed inputs: For 100-175 hp, MY2001 = Tier 1 (from Table 1) 100-175 hp, Tier 1 PM EF
ss 

### = 0.2799 g/hp-hr (from Table A2) Excavator, Tier 1 PM TAF = 1.23 (from Table A3)

Tier 1 PM Deterioration “A” = 0.473 (from Table A4)

The deterioration factor, DF, is calculated as:

DF = 1 + A*(cumulative hours * load factor) [Equation 4] median life at full load, in hours

where: Diesel excavator activity = 1092 hours/year (from activity.dat input file) Diesel excavator load factor = 0.59 (from activity.dat input file) Diesel excavator median life = 4667 hours (from us.pop input file) Cumulative hours = age * activity = 3*1092 = 3276 hours

Substituting the above values into the equation yields:

DF = 1 + 0.473*(3276 * 0.59) = 1 + 0.473 * 0.414 = 1.196 4667

The sulfur adjustment factor, S PM adj 

### , is calculated as:

S PM adj 

### = BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]

where: BSFC = 100-175 hp BSFC
ss 

### * Excavator BSFC TAF = 0.367*1.01 = 0.371 (BSFC
ss 

### from Table A2 and BSFC TAF from Table A3) soxcnv = 0.02247 soxbas = 0.3300 soxdsl = 0.2500

Substituting the values into the equation yields:

S PM adj 

### = 0.371* 453.6 * 7.0 * 0.02247 * 0.01 * (0.33 - 0.25) = 0.0212 g/hp-hr

The resulting adjusted emission factor is calculated as follows:

### 22 EF adj(PM) 

### = EF
ss 

### * TAF * DF - S PMadj 

### = (0.2799 * 1.23 * 1.196) - 0.0212 = 0.39 g/hp-hr

Emission Factors--CO 2 

### and SO 2



### Emission factors for CO 2 

### and SO 2 

### are rarely measured, instead they typically are calculated based on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC).

The NONROAD model uses in-use adjusted BSFC to compute CO 2 

### emissions directly, as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC emissions is subtracted as the correction for unburned fuel. This does not require a CO 2 

### emission factors input file.

CO 2 

### = (BSFC * 453.6 - HC) * 0.87 * (44/12) [Equation 6]

where CO 2 

### is in g/hp-hr BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr 453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 0.87 is the carbon mass fraction of diesel 44/12 is the ratio of CO 2 

### mass to carbon mass

The model does not require an SO 2 

### emission factors input file either. EPA will calculate SO 2 

### emission factors as shown in the equation below.

SO 2 

### = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - HC) * 0.01 * soxdsl * 2 [Equation 7]

where SO 2 

### is in g/hp-hr BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr 453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction soxdsl is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in nonroad diesel fuel 2 is the grams of SO 2 

### formed from a gram of sulfur

This equation includes corrections for the fracti on of sulfur that is converted to direct PM and for the fraction of sulfur remaining in unburned fuel. This equation assumes that the unburned fuel, as indicated by HC emissions, has the same sulfur level as the base fuel.

Note that BSFC for the pre-control (Tier 0) engines is used for all engines in the model. As a result, related emissions of CO 2 

### and SO 2 

### will change very little with the advent of new

### 23 emission reduction technologies. Minor changes will result as HC emissions are changed, since the carbon that goes to exhaust HC is subtracted in the CO 2 

### and SO 2 

### equations. For diesel engines, this adjustment is insubstantial.

Crankcase HC Emission Factors

Crankcase emissions are those emissions that escape from the combustion chamber past the piston rings into the crankcase. For diesel engines with open crankcases, NONROAD assumes the crankcase HC emission factor is equal to 2.0% of the exhaust HC emission factor. This applies for all Tier 3 and prior engines. This estimate was obtained from NEVES [6], and is based on data from on-highway engines. These percentages are applied to the final calculated exhaust emission factors, so the resulting crankcase emission factors include the same percentage deterioration as used for exhaust HC. For Tier 4 engines, zero crankcase emissions are assumed. Crankcase emission factors for all fuel types are discussed in NR-012b, “Basic Evaporative Emission Rates for Nonroad Engine Modeling.”

PM 2.5 

### Fraction of PM 10 

### The NONROAD PM emission factor files and PM model output include all PM. For diesel engines, all PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than 10 microns (PM 10 

### ). The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the user to select whether to report results for PM 10 

### or PM 2.5 

### (smaller than 2.5 microns). If PM 2.5 

### is selected, an adjustment of 0.97 is applied to the PM 10 

### output. This is an updated estimate, based on an analysis of size distribution data for diesel engines. [10]

### 24 References

[1] EPA, “Exhaust Emission Factors for N onroad Engine Modeling–Compression-Ignition,” Report No. NR-009b, November 27, 2002.

[2] EPA, “Control of Air Pollution; Determin ation of Significance for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines At or Above 37 Kilowatts,” 59 FR 31306, June 17, 1994.

[3] EPA, “ Control of Emissions of Air Po llution From Nonroad Diesel Engines,” 63 FR 56967, October 23, 1998.

[4] EPA, “Control of Emissions From Nonroa d Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule,” 67 FR 68241, November 8, 2002.

[5] EPA, “Control of Emissions of Air Polluti on From Nonroad Diesel Engines and Fuel; Final Rule,” April, 2004.

[6] EPA, “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emissi on Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.

[7] Korotney, David. “Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels,” Memorandum to Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.

[8] EEA, “Documentation of Input Factors fo r the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Model,” (“Inputs...”) Energy and Envi ronmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air Resources Board. February, 1997.

[9] EPA, “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis : Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,” August, 1998.

[10] Cantrell, Bruce. “Recommended Revision of the Fraction of Diesel Particulate Emissions Mass Less Than 2.5 Microns in Size,” Memorandum to Docket A-2001-28, Document IV-B-21. October 17, 2003.

### A1 

## Appendix A

CI Inputs for Draft NONROAD2004:

Technology Distributions Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors Transient Adjustment Factors Deterioration Factors

### A2 Table A1. Nonroad CI Technology Distri butions by HP Category and Model Year a

Engine Power (hp) Model Year Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type

Base b Tier 0 b Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 3B Tier 4A Tier 4B Tier 4 Tier 4N

# 25 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1999 1.000

2000-2001 0.200 0.800

2002-2004 0.100 0.900

2005 0.100 0.900

2006-2007 1.000

2008-2012 1.000

2013+ 1.000

>25 to 50 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1998 1.000

1999-2000 0.200 0.800

2001-2003 0.100 0.900

2004 0.100 0.900

2005-2007 1.000

2008-2012 1.000

2013+ 1.000

>50 to 75 Pre-1998 1.000

1988-1997 1.000

1998-2003 1.000

2004-2005 0.200 0.800

2006-2007 0.100 0.900

2008-2009 0.100 0.900

2010-2012 1.000

2013+ 1.000

### Table A1 Nonroad CI Technology Di stributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.) a

Engine Power (hp) Model Year Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type

Base b Tier 0 b Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 3B Tier 4A Tier 4B Tier 4 Tier 4N



### A3 >75 to 100 Pre-1998 1.000

1988-1997 1.000

1998-2003 1.000

2004-2005 0.200 0.800

2006-2007 0.100 0.900

2008-2009 0.100 0.900

2010-2011 1.000

2012-2013 0.500 0.500

2014+ 1.000

>100 to 175 Pre-1998 1.000

1988-1996 1.000

1997-2002 1.000

2003-2004 0.200 0.800

2005-2006 0.100 0.900

2007-2008 0.100 0.900

2009-2011 1.000

2012-2013 0.500 0.500

2014+ 1.000

>175 to 300 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2002 1.000

2003-2004 0.200 0.800

2005 0.100 0.900

2006-2008 0.100 0.900

2009-2010 1.000

2011-2013 0.500 0.500

2014+ 1.000

### Table A1 Nonroad CI Technology Di stributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.) a

Engine Power (hp) Model Year Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type

Base b Tier 0 b Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 3B Tier 4A Tier 4B Tier 4 Tier 4N



### A4 >300 to 600 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2000 1.000

2001-2002 0.200 0.800

2003-2005 0.100 0.900

2006 0.100 0.900

2007-2010 1.000

2011-2013 0.500 0.500

2014+ 1.000

>600 to 750 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2001 1.000

2002-2003 0.200 0.800

2004-2005 0.100 0.900

2006-2007 0.100 0.900

2008-2010 1.000

2011-2013 0.500 0.500

2014+ 1.000

>750 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1999 1.000

2000-2005 1.000

2006-2007 0.300 0.700

2008 0.200 0.800

2009-2010 1.000

2011-2014 1.000

2015+ 1.000

a 

### Used in the draft 2004 version of NONROAD. The technology fractions are contained in the tech.dat model file. Blank cells have a technology fraction of 0.000. b 

### Base = pre-control, pre-1988 MY engines. Tier 0 = pre-control 1988+ MY engines prior to Tier 1.

### A5 Table A2. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emi ssion Factors for Nonroad CI Engines a

Engine Power (hp) Technology Type BSFC (lb/hp-hr) Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NO
x PM

>0 to 11 Base 0.408 b 1.5 5.0 10.0 1.0

Tier 0 1.5 5.0 10.0 1.0

Tier 1 0.7628 4.1127 5.2298 0.4474

Tier 2 0.5508 4.1127 4.3 0.50

Tier 4A 0.5508 4.1127 4.3 0.28

Tier 4B 0.5508 4.1127 4.3 0.28

>11 to 16 Base 0.408 b 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 0 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 1 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 2 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 4A 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.28

Tier 4B 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.28

>16 to 25 Base 0.408 b 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 0 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 1 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 2 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 4A 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.28

Tier 4B 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.28

>25 to 50 Base 0.408 b 1.8 5.0 6.9 0.8

Tier 0 1.8 5.0 6.9 0.8

Tier 1 0.2789 1.5323 4.7279 0.3389

Tier 2 0.2789 1.5323 4.7279 0.3389

Tier 4A 0.2789 1.5323 4.7279 0.20

Tier 4 0.1314 0.153 3.0000 0.0184Engine Power (hp) Technology Type BSFC (lb/hp-hr) Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NO
x PM



### A6 >50 to 75 Base 0.408 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.99 3.49 6.9 0.722

Tier 1 0.5213 2.3655 5.5988 0.4730

Tier 2 0.3672 2.3655 4.7 0.24

Tier 4A 0.1836 2.3655 3.0 0.20

Tier 4 0.1314 0.237 3.00 0.0184
>75 to 100 Base 0.408 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.99 3.49 6.9 0.722

Tier 1 0.5213 2.3655 5.5988 0.4730

Tier 2 0.3672 2.3655 4.7 0.24

Tier 3B 0.1836 2.3655 3.0000 0.30

Tier 4 0.1314 0.237 3.00 0.0092

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.237 0.276 0.0092
>100 to 175 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.3384 0.8667 5.6523 0.2799

Tier 2 0.3384 0.8667 4.1 0.18

Tier 3 0.1836 0.8667 2.5 0.22

Tier 4 0.1314 0.087 2.50 0.0092

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.087 0.276 0.0092
>175 to 300 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.3085 0.7475 5.5772 0.2521

Tier 2 0.3085 0.7475 4.0 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1836 0.7475 2.5 0.15

Tier 4 0.1314 0.075 2.50 0.0092

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.075 0.276 0.0092Engine Power (hp) Technology Type BSFC (lb/hp-hr) Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NO
x PM



### A7 >300 to 600 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.2025 1.3060 6.0153 0.2008

Tier 2 0.1669 0.8425 4.3351 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1669 0.8425 2.5 0.15

Tier 4 0.1314 0.084 2.50 0.0092

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.084 0.276 0.0092
>600 to 750 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.1473 1.3272 5.8215 0.2201

Tier 2 0.1669 1.3272 4.1 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1669 1.3272 2.5 0.15

Tier 4 0.1314 0.133 2.50 0.0092

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.133 0.276 0.0092
>750 except generator sets Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.2861 0.7642 6.1525 0.1934

Tier 2 0.1669 0.7642 4.1 0.1316

Tier 4 0.2815 0.076 2.392 0.069

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.076 2.392 0.0276

Gen sets >750 to 1200 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.2861 0.7642 6.1525 0.1934

Tier 2 0.1669 0.7642 4.1 0.1316

Tier 4 0.2815 0.076 2.392 0.069

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.076 0.460 0.0184Engine Power (hp) Technology Type BSFC (lb/hp-hr) Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NO
x PM



### A8 Gen sets >1200 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.2861 0.7642 6.1525 0.1934

Tier 2 0.1669 0.7642 4.1 0.1316

Tier 4 0.2815 0.076 0.460 0.069

Tier 4N 0.1314 0.076 0.460 0.0184

a 

### Prior to listing in NONROAD input files, these ISO-C1 emission factors are adjusted for in-use operation as explained in Appendix F. The emissi on factors in the input files are rounded to two decimal places. These emission factors do not a pply to recreational marine CI engines over 50 hp. The emission factors for recreational marine CI engines over 50 hp are provided in Table 9. Underground mining equipment inputs are just the Base (NEVES) and Tier 2 values from this table.

b 

### BSFC for engines <50 hp is assumed to be the same as 50-100 hp enginesA9Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI EquipmentaSCC Equipment Type CycleTAFAssignmentHC CO NOxPM BSFCBase-T3 Base-T3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base-T32270001000 Recreational Vehicles All Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270001020 Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270001030 Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270001040 Recreational Vehicles Minibikes None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270001050 Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270001060 Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002003 Construction Equipment Pavers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002006 Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002009 Construction Equipment Plate Compactors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002015 Construction Equipment Rollers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002018 Construction Equipment Scrapers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002021 Construction Equipment Paving Equipment Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002024 Construction EquipmentSurfacing Equipment Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002027 Construction Equipment Signal Boards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002030 Construction Equipment Trenchers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002033 Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002036 Construction Equipment Excavators Excavator Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002039 Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002042 Construction Equipment Cement & MortarMixers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002045 Construction Equipment Cranes None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002048 Construction Equipment Graders Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002051 Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002054 Construction EquipmentCrushing/Proc. Equipment None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270002057 Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002060 Construction Equipment Rubber TireLoaders RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002063 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002066 Construction EquipmentTractors/Loaders/Backhoes Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002069 Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002072 Construction Equipment Skid SteerLoaders SSLoader Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002075 Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002078 Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002081 Construction Equipment Other ConstructionEquipmentCrawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270003010 Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270003020 Industrial Equipment Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI EquipmentaSCC Equipment Type CycleTAFAssignmentHC CO NOxPM BSFCBase-T3 Base-T3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base-T3A102270003030 Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270003040 Industrial Equipment Other General IndustrialEquipmentNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270003050 Industrial Equipment Other Material HandlingEquipmentBackhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270003060 Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270003070 Terminal Tractors Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270004000 Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004010 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers(Residential)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004011 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004015 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004016 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004020 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004021 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004025 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/BrushCuttersNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004026 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/BrushCutters (Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004030 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004031 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004035 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004036 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004040 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine RidingMowersNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004041 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine RidingMowers (Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004045 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004046 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004050 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004051 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI EquipmentaSCC Equipment Type CycleTAFAssignmentHC CO NOxPM BSFCBase-T3 Base-T3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base-T3A122270004055 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004056 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004060 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004061 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters(Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004065 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/StumpGrindersNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004066 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/StumpGrinders (Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004071 Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial TurfEquipment (Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004075 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & GardenEquipmentNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270004076 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & GardenEquipment (Commercial)None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270005010 Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005015 Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005020 Farm Equipment Combines AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005025 Farm Equipment Balers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005030 Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005035 Farm Equipment Sprayers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005040 Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005045 Farm Equipment Swathers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005050 Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270005055 Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005060 Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006000 Light Commercial ALL None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006005 Light Commercial Generator Sets None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006010 Light Commercial Pumps None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006015 Light Commercial Air Compressors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006020 Light Commercial Gas Compressors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270006025 Light Commercial Welders ArcWelder Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270006030 Light Commercial Pressure Washers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002270007005 Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270007010 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI EquipmentaSCC Equipment Type CycleTAFAssignmentHC CO NOxPM BSFCBase-T3 Base-T3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base, T0-T2 Tier 3 Base-T3A92270007015 Logging Equipment Forest Equipment RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270008005 Airport Service Equipment Airport SupportEquipmentRTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270009010 Other Underground Mining Equipment Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270010010 Other Oil Field Equipment None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002282020005 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002282020010 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002282020015 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002282020025 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux.OutboardNone None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.002285002015 Railway Maintenance Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18a TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0). “Base-T3” in this table refers to Tier 3 and prior engines.

### A10 Table A4. Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Diesel Engines

Pollutant Relative Deterioration Factor ( A ) (% increase/%useful life)

Base/Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3+

HC 0.047 0.036 0.034 0.027

CO 0.185 0.101 0.101 0.151

NO
x 

### 0.024 0.024 0.009 0.008

PM 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473

DF =1+A*(fraction of useful life expended) B 

### B = 1 for diesel nonroad engines

### B1 Appendix B Sources of Previous Emission Factors for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

There is little test data available on nonroad engines. Table B1 lists the data sources used for EPA’s Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Study’s (N EVES) diesel emission factors. Published in November, 1991, NEVES was mandated by Congress to determine whether nonroad sources made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. It covers HC, CO, NO

x 

### , PM, SO
x 

### and other pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO nonattainment areas.

Table B1. Data sources for NEVES Diesel Emission Factors

Application Emissions Test Data Source Notes

Lawn and Garden and Light Commercial None NEVES emission factors were based on factors for “continuous service diesel < 50 hp” SwRI, 1991, which are based on Radian, 1988 factors for truck/container refrigeration units.
Agriculture Cal/ERT, 1982

Construction EMA SwRI, 1973 Cal/ERT, 1982 NEVES emission factors were based on EMA when possible. For PM and for applications not available from EMA, factors were taken from AP-42, which relies on Cal/ERT for most emission factors and on SwRI, 1973 for PM and SOx.
Logging (skidders) EMA

Industrial and Airport Service Equipment SwRI, 1973

Recreational Marine (Inboard) NMMA

### B2 Table B2 lists the data sources used for California’s Air Resources Board (ARB) OFFROAD diesel emission factors. OFFROAD is designed to estimate nonroad emissions for the state of California only. A version of this model was released in late summer 1997. It covers HC, CO, NO
x 

### , PM, SO 2 

### , and CO 2 

### . The studies listed in the tables are described below.

Table B2. Data sources for A RB OFFROAD Diesel Emission Factors

Horsepower Class Emissions Test Data Source Notes

0-15 hp Manufacturers’ data-- 2 Yanmar engines 1 Deutz engine
15-25 hp Manufacturers (ARB OffRoad Equipment Study, 1990)
25-50 hp Manufacturers Submissions (ARB Off-Road Equipment Study, 1990 )
50-125 hp Manufacturers (CA HD Construction Study, 1988)

125-250 250+ Manufacturers (CA HD Construction Study, 1988) ARB factors on all engines from 125 hp and above are based on the same data, butthe weighting between turbocharged and naturally aspirated engines is different in the two horsepower categories listed here.

Description and Citations of Sources used for Previous Emission Factors

Radian, 1988. Radian’s estimates of HC, CO, NO

x 

### and PM for truck/container refrigeration units are not based on testing, but on Radian’s estimates for “typical small direct injection and indirect injection dies el engines.” (Weaver, C.S., “Feasibility and Cost Effectiveness of Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines in Rail, Marine, Construction, Farm and Other Mobile Off-Hi ghway Equipment.” Final Report by Radian Corporation for U.S. EPA, Office of Policy Analysis, under contract 68-01-7288, February, 1988.)

SwRI, 1973. Southwest Research Institute tested 8 diesel engines for HC, CO, NO

x 

### and

### B3 PM. Emissions of SOx were calculated for no. 2 diesel fuel assuming sulfur content of 0.22%. BSFC is not stated. The emissions tests were given different weightings to estimate industrial, construction and farm equipment emission factors. (Hare, C.T and K.J. Springer. Exhaust Emission from Un controlled Vehicles and Related Equipment Using Internal Combustion Engines, Final Report, Part 5, Heavy Duty Farm, Construction and Agricultural Engines. San Antonio TX: Southwest Research Institute, October 1973.)

EMA. Emission factors for 17 applications based on unknown number of tests, unknown horsepower engines. Engine vintage unknown, but data was submitted by the EngineManufacturers Association to EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (Listed in NEVES table I06.)

Cal/ERT, 1982. Data from 13 engine manufacturers representing 391 models of construction equipment. Raw data was aggregated by an accounting firm prior to analysis and reporting. (Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. “Feasibility, Cost and Air Quality Impact of Potential Emission Control Requirements on Farm, Construction and Industrial Equipment in California”, Document PA841, sponsored by the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute, Engine Manufacturers Association, and Construction Industry Manufacturers Association, May 1982.)

NMMA. The National Marine Manufacturers Association submitted data to EPA on HC, CO, NO
x 

### and BSFC for 3 diesel inboard motors. Engine vintage unknown, but data was submitted to EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (NEVES, Table I-11(e).)

ARB Off-Road Study, 1990. A study of lawn and garden and utility emissions. (Manufacturer Submissions to ARB on Exhaust Emission Standards for Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines. California ARB, October 1990. EPA requests assistance in locating this study)

ARB Heavy Duty Construction Study, 1988. 1 

### Reports HC, NO
x 

### and PM emission factors based on emission information from four manufacturers. Does not include information on test programs. It is not clear how data collected in the study was used to create the inputs for the ARB model. (Energy and Environment Analysis, Inc. “ Feasibility of Controlling Emissions from Off-Road, Hea vy-Duty Construction Equipment.” Final Report to the California Air Resources Board. Arlington, VA, December 1988.)

### C1 Appendix C 1988-1995 (Tier 0) Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors and Fuel Sulfur Adjustment for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Introduction

EPA’s 1991 Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Em ission Study (NEVES) (1) used emission factors for diesel engines based primarily on test s of older engines. All the NEVES particulate matter (PM) emission factors are from tests conducted in 1972 and many of the other emissions factors in NEVES are based on data from tests prior to 1982.

To better characterize emissions from more recent, pre-control engines, EPA analyzed available emission test data on 1988-1995 nonroad diesel engines. This analysis provides the basis for NONROAD pre-control emission factors for 1988-and-later engines greater than 50 hp, as described in the main body of this report. The analysis indicated a significant difference in emissions based on engine power. Engines between 50 and 100 horsepower in general had higher emissions and fuel consumption than engines larger than 100 horsepower. Table C1 summarizes these results.

Table C1. Average Emission Test Results for 1988 to 1995 Model Year Engines

Engine (Reference) HC (g/hp-hr) 

### CO (g/hp-hr) 

### NO
x (g/hp-hr) 

### PM (g/hp-hr) 

### BSFC (lb/hp-hr)


### Average (50 to 100 hp) 0.99 3.49 8.30 0.722 0.408

Average (>=100 hp) 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402 0.367

A summary of test results for individual engines is presented in Table C2. Note that testing was conducted using the current certificati on test procedure, also known as ISO-C1. The procedure uses eight steady-state modes weighted by time to produce one number in units such as grams per horsepower-hour. EPA adjusted this test data to account for differences between the test fuel and typical in-use fuel sulfur levels of 0.33 wt. percent as explained below.

### C2 Table C2. Summary of ISO-C1 Emission Results for 1988 through 1995 Engines
Engine (Reference) Model Year Age (Hrs) Fuel Sulfur (wt. %) Power Level (hp) HC (g/hp-hr) CO (g/hp-hr) NO
x (g/hp-hr) PM (g/hp-hr) BSFC (lb/hp-hr)

Ford New Holland (2) 1991 0 0.26 127 1.02 7.70 7.48 1.10 0.358

John Deere 7068T (2) 1990 0 0.26 139 0.45 2.98 11.74 0.41 0.349

Volvo TD 71G (avg. of 2) (3) 1984 0 0.046 144 0.47 1.64 12.68 0.149 0.373

Volvo TD73 KBE (avg. of 2) (3) 1992 0 0.046 139 0.64 0.85 4.52 0.12 0.386

Weterbeke 32BEDA (4) 1995 0 0.033 95 1.95 7.43 7.99 1.50 0.484

Caterpillar 3176B (4) 1995 0 0.033 451 0.09 2.94 6.37 0.213 0.358

Cummins KTA19-M3 (4) 1995 0 0.033 599 0.68 3.26 8.78 0.257 0.359

Caterpillar 3306 (Nonroad) (5) 1990 0 0.26 285 1.1 1.4 6.5 0.18 0.354

Cummins 4BT (Nonroad) (5) 1990 0 0.26 100 0.8 2.1 11 0.39 0.365

John Deere 4039D (6) 1991 0 0.25 72 0.6 3.5 7.2 0.59 0.385

Caterpillar 3116 (7) 1991 2,511 0.28 201 0.07 2.51 9.38 0.406 0.352

0.035 0.350
Caterpillar 3054 (7) 1991 1,964 0.28 85 0.66 1.00 7.53 0.387 0.393

0.035 0.340

John Deere 4039 (7) 1994 2,265 0.28 86 0.41 2.17 11.22 0.384 0.389

0.035 0.256

John Deere 7076 (7) 1993 3,300 0.28 174 0.53 2.05 10.22 0.250 0.385

0.035 0.205(table continued from previous page)

Engine (Reference) Model Year Age (Hrs) Fuel Sulfur (wt. %) Power Level (hp) HC (g/hp-hr) CO (g/hp-hr) NO
x (g/hp-hr) PM (g/hp-hr) BSFC (lb/hp-hr)



### C3 Consolidated Diesel 6TA-830 (7) 1990 4,370 0.28 226 0.86 1.50 6.53 0.397 0.365

0.035 0.338

John Deere 6619 (7) 1993 4,970 0.28 275 0.82 4.69 7.29 0.662 0.397

0.035 0.556

Consolidated Diesel 4039 (7) 1988 3,570 0.28 71 1.32 3.37 7.57 0.581 0.389

0.035 0.484

Caterpillar 3306 (7) 1990 6,700 0.28 278 1.27 1.46 6.52 0.248 0.373

0.035 0.245
Average (50 to 100 hp) 0.33 0.99 3.49 8.30 0.722* 0.408

Average (>=100 hp) 0.33 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402* 0.367



### * Adjusted to the national average fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent

Fuel Sulfur Adjustment

PM emissions from diesel engines are highly dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel the engine is burning. PM emissions from dies el engines are generally comprised of unburned or partially burned fuel, engine oil, and sulfur compounds. When the engine burns fuel, the fuel sulfur is oxidized to both sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. The sulfur trioxide rapidly absorbs water to form hydrated sulfuric acid which condenses and is collected on filters as particulate matter (PM) during emission testing.

Because the sulfur content of diesel fuel can vary considerably, it is important to account for fuel sulfur in establishing emission factors for PM. To adjust emission test data to the default sulfur level used in NONROAD (0.33 wt. percent) , EPA followed the approach described below

. EPA measured particulate emissions from nine nonroad diesel engines using fuel with two different sulfur levels, a typical highway dies el fuel at a sulfur level of 0.035 weight percent and a typical nonroad diesel fuel doped to a sulfur level of 0.28 weight percent to simulate more closely the average nonroad diesel fuel sulfur le vel of 0.33 weight percent. (8) Data from eight of the engines is listed in Table C2, above. In addition, the study included a 1997 John Deere nonroad engine. This engine is not shown in Table C2 because it is certified for the Tier 1 emission regulations and should not be used to determine an overall emission factor for pre-

### C4 control engines. Test results from this study (including all 9 engines tested) were used to determine the emission adjustment associated with fuel sulfur level. Other fuel parameter differences such as cetane and fuel distillation that might also have affected particulate emissions were ignored for this analysis.

The study found that emissions of all pollutants were reduced by using highway fuel as compared to the nonroad fuel; however, only the average PM reduction was statistically significant at the 90% confidence level.

The particulate sulfur emission rate should be proportional to the fuel consumption and the fuel sulfur level. By dividing the differen ce in particulate emissions by the difference in fuel sulfur consumption, EPA calculated the average eff ect of fuel sulfur levels on PM emissions for the nine engines, as shown in Table C3 below.

Table C3. Effects of Fuel Sulfur on PM Emissions

Engine MY Fuel Sulfur PM BSFC Delta PM Delta Fuel Sulfur Consumed* Delta PM

(wt percent) (g/hp-hr) (lb/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr 

### ) / Delta Sulfur Cat 3116 1991 0.280 0.406 0.352 0.056 0.391 0.143
Cat 3116 1991 0.035 0.350 0.352
Cat 3054 1991 0.280 0.387 0.393 0.047 0.437 0.107
Cat 3054 1991 0.035 0.340 0.393
Deere 4039 1994 0.280 0.384 0.389 0.128 0.432 0.296
Deere 4039 1994 0.035 0.256 0.389
Deere 7076 1993 0.280 0.250 0.385 0.045 0.428 0.105
Deere 7076 1993 0.035 0.205 0.385 ConDsl 6TA-830 1990 0.280 0.397 0.365 0.059 0.405 0.146
ConDsl 6TA-830 1990 0.035 0.338 0.365
Deere 6619 1993 0.280 0.662 0.397 0.106 0.441 0.240
Deere 6619 1993 0.035 0.556 0.397 Con Dsl 4039 1988 0.280 0.581 0.389 0.097 0.432 0.225
Con Dsl 4039 1988 0.035 0.484 0.389

Cat 3306 1990 0.280 0.248 0.373 0.003 0.415 0.007
Cat 3306 1990 0.035 0.245 0.373
Deere 6101 1997 0.280 0.186 0.350 0.057 0.389 0.147
Deere 6101 1997 0.035 0.129 0.350

Average: 0.1573 * Delta fuel sulfur consumed (g S/hp-hr) = 0.01*(0.280-0.035)*BSFC*453.6 g/lb

### C5 The value of 0.1573 is the average change in PM emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur consumed. The change in PM emissions would be due to PM sulfate, so this can also be expressed as the change in PM sulfate emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur consumed. We assume that PM sulfate is H2SO4:7H20 (sulfuric acid hydrated seven times). For PM sulfate, there is 7.0 grams sulfate per gram sulfur. Therefore, 0.1573 ÷7 = 0.02247 grams PM sulfur per gram fuel sulfur consumed, which is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to PM. In the NONROAD model, the change in PM emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur consumed is expressed as the term, “soxcnv * 7,” where soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to PM and 7 is the grams sulfate PM per gram sulfur. Soxcnv is equal to 0.02247 and soxcnv * 7 is equal to 0.157 for diesel equipment not equipped with advanced oxidation catalyst technologies. This applies to the Base, Tier 0, Ti er 1, Tier 2, Tier 3, Tier 3B, Tier 4A, and Tier 4B technology types in NONROAD.

Consistent with our analysis in the Heavy-Duty (HD) 2007 highway rule, we have assumed that the conversion of fuel sulfur to sulfate emissions for engines equipped with advanced oxidation catalyst technologies (e.g., catalyzed diesel particulate filters) will be 30 percent. As a result, soxcnv is equal to 0.30 for the Tier 4 and Tier 4N technology types in NONROAD. The balance (70 percent) of the fuel sulfur is assumed to be emitted as SO 2 

### . The memo to EPA Air Docket A-99-06 Item II-B-32 documents the analysis from the HD 2007 rulemaking. Extensive discussion of diesel fuel sulfur oxidation to sulfate PM can be found in Chapter 3 of the HD 2007 Final Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and in Chapter 4 of the nonroad Tier 4 RIA. The 30 percent conversion of fuel sulfur to sulfate represents an assumed average rate; sulfur conversion rates can vary widely depending upon operating conditions and catalyst technology.

The above analysis of engine test data provided the constant “A” in the equation below, which describes the adjustment made to correct PM emissions from the test fuel sulfur level to the default sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent.

PMBase = PM + BSFC * A * (0.0033 - Fuel Sulfur)

where PMBase = PM emissions with default fuel, in g/hp-hr PM = PM emissions with test fuel, in g/hp-hr BSFC = Brake Specific Fuel Consumption in g/hp-hr A = 0.157 g PM/hp-hr/Weight Fraction sulfur/BSFC 0.0033= the default weight fraction of fuel sulfur for nonroad diesel Fuel Sulfur = Weight Fraction of sulfur in test fuel

EPA then used this equation for all tests listed in Table C2 to correct PM emissions from the test-fuel sulfur level to a fuel sulfur leve l of 0.33 wt.% before computing the averages listed in Table C1 and at the bottom of Table C2. Sin ce the engines tested are pre-Tier 4 technologies, the constant “A” value of 0.157 was used in the equation.

### C6 References

(1)“Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.

(2) Doorlag, M. and M. Samulski. “Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report: Non-Road Engine Configurations, Test Results 1991" EPA Technical Report, 1991.

(3) Hedbom, A. “Emission tests of two Volvo//VME Heavy Duty Off Road Engines.” Motortestcenter, Hanige, Sweden. MTC 9307A. March. 1994.

(4) Carroll, J.N. and C. M. Urban. “Emission Testing of Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines.” Draft Final Report. Southwest Research Institute, 6886-802. September 1995.

(5) Fritz, S. G., “Dynamometer Testing of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines to Support Non-Road Regulations,” SwRI Report No. 08-3426-010, Work Assignment 0-10 of EPA Contract No. 68-C0-0014 (September 1991).

(6) Smith, Michael. “Dynamometer Testing of Nonroad Diesel Engines to Support Nonroad Regulations.” Southwest Research Ins titute, 08-4855-150, EPA Docket A-91-24, June 1992.

(7) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, “Emission F actors for Compression Ignition Nonroad Engines Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel,” Southwest Research Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.

(8) Korotney, David. “Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels,” Memorandum to Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.

### D1 Appendix D Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Certification data were available and therefore used to develop zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for Tier 1 engines in all hp cat egories and Tier 2 engines in the >300 to 600 hp category. Certification data were extracted from the database as of October, 2001. Official test results (OTR values) obtained with the nonroad 8-mode test procedure were used. Note that emissions for some engines exceed the applicable standards if the engine families are part of the Average Banking and Trading (ABT) program.

Tests were conducted with fuel meeting e ither diesel nonroad or diesel on-highway specifications. For tests conducted on the Tier 1 engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the PM emissions were adjusted from 350 ppm to 3300 ppm sulfur (the default diesel sulfur level used in NONROAD), using the equation described in Appe ndix C. For tests conducted on the Tier 2 engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the PM emissions were adjusted from 350 ppm to 2000 ppm. An estimate of brake-specific fuel consumption is required to calculate the adjustment. If the fuel rate for a certification test was reported, the engine-specific BSFC was calculated and used directly. If the fuel rate was not reported, the default BSFC values in NONROAD were used to calculate the adjustment.

The certification data were grouped by model year and by hp category. Sales-weighted emission averages were calculated for each model year/hp category. Then, for each hp category, a straight average of the applicable model year data were used.

For categories less than 50 hp, the Tier 1 standard for HC and NO

x 

### is expressed as a combination of HC and NO

x 

### (HC+NO

x 

### , refer to Table 1). As a result, most of the certification data for these engines is provided as the sum of HC and NO

x 

### , although there are some data reported for HC and NO

x 

### separately. To obtain separate HC and NO

x 

### emission factors for categories less than 50 hp, HC fractions of HC+NO

x 

### emissions were calculated for those tests which reported both HC and HC+NO

x 

### emission factors. The average HC fraction was then calculated and multiplied by the sales-weighted average HC+NO

x 

### emission factor to obtain an HC emission factor (referred to as HC calc in the tables). The remaining fraction of the HC+NO
x 

### emission factor was assigned as the NO
x 

### emission factor (referred to as NO

x 

### calc in the tables). This was done for each model year and for each of the hp categories less than 50 hp (i.e., 0-11 hp, 11-25 hp, 25-50 hp).

Table D1 presents a summary of the results, as well as the sample sizes for each pollutant/model year/hp category. The numbers in bold are those used in the model. Tables D2- D7 present the individual engine emissions data and sales weightings for each model year and hp category. The engine identification and specific sales information have been removed. For categories less than 50 hp, the HC fractions, HC calc emission factors, and NO

x 

### calc emission factors are also provided. The HC calc and NOx calc emission factors are used in the model.

### D2 Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines* >0 to 11 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc

2000 0.692103 5.170337 5.966223 4.051366 0.452858 0.113196 0.675351 5.290871 2001 0.828378 5.073763 6.018891 4.174066 0.44201 0.141247 0.850153 5.168738 average 0.760241 5.12205 5.992557 4.1127 0.4474 0.7628 5.2298

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 2000 4 6 20 20 20 2001 5 5 19 19 19 total 9 11 39 39 39

>11 to 25 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc

2000 0.489983 3.749647 4.9489 2.207041 0.289982 0.081156 0.401631 4.547269 2001 0.447831 4.109521 4.80692 2.114884 0.242992 0.09869 0.474395 4.332525 average 0.468907 3.929584 4.87791 2.1610 0.2665 0.4380 4.4399

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 2000 9 10 40 39 40 2001 16 16 43 43 43 total 25 26 83 82 83

>25 to 50 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc 1999 0.496458 4.558405 4.983359 1.54213 0.35614 0.047095 0.23469 4.748669 2000 0.452946 4.893606 5.083919 1.522782 0.331337 0.056039 0.284899 4.79902 2001 0.472917 4.469647 4.952901 1.532028 0.329222 0.064006 0.317014 4.635887 average 0.474107 4.640553 5.006726 1.5323 0.3389 0.2789 4.7279

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1999 11 15 72 72 72 2000 14 22 95 96 96 2001 25 35 103 104 104 total 50 72 270 272 272

### D3 Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines (cont)* >50 to 100 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1998 0.528845 5.682411 4.235576 2.753546 0.472055 1999 0.517642 5.613376 6.569501 2.34687 0.452553 2000 0.46289 5.494892 4.235576 2.047055 0.460428 2001 0.575867 5.604515 5.976957 2.314372 0.506824 average 0.5213 5.5988 5.254402 2.3655 0.4730
sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1998 18 71 1 21 19 1999 27 91 3 33 31 2000 35 104 1 38 36 2001 40 127 3 47 43 total 120 393 8 139 129
>100 to 175 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1997 0.297479 5.599201 0.745072 0.281314 1998 0.355336 5.743938 0.961288 0.276378 1999 0.35159 5.749792 0.93731 0.270345 2000 0.33246 5.593736 0.68581 0.282059 2001 0.355107 5.574714 1.003922 0.28934 average 0.3384 5.6523 0.8667 0.2799
sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1997 29 43 0 29 25 1998 25 52 0 27 24 1999 25 59 0 27 25 2000 27 61 0 29 28 2001 34 69 0 37 36 total 140 284 0 149 138
>175 to 300 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 0.331633 5.667602 0.834876 0.239994 1997 0.307044 5.723983 0.819777 0.24542 1998 0.316321 5.574079 0.722968 0.262486 1999 0.314974 5.549376 0.695869 0.257528 2000 0.26631 5.441729 4.54 0.666725 0.240685 2001 0.314765 5.506545 4.203295 0.744633 0.266622 average 0.3085 5.5772 4.371648 0.7475 0.2521
sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 44 44 0 44 44 1997 43 43 0 43 43 1998 72 72 0 72 72 1999 71 71 0 71 71 2000 64 64 2 64 64 2001 86 86 6 88 88 total 380 380 8 382 382

### D4 Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines (cont)* >300 to 600 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 0.260521 6.264393 1.353145 0.195978 1997 0.1553 5.865363 1.431343 0.213156 1998 0.209071 6.126551 1.289223 0.198893 1999 0.201521 6.04976 1.201752 0.192703 2000 0.186024 5.77026 5.24 1.254546 0.203148 average 0.2025 6.0153 5.24 1.3060 0.2008

2001Tier 2 0.1669 4.3351 4.345348 0.8425 0.1316

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 40 40 0 40 40 1997 35 35 0 35 35 1998 48 48 0 48 48 1999 55 55 0 55 55 2000 51 51 1 51 51 2001 14 14 35 35 35 total 243 243 36 264 264

>600 to 750 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 0.174804 6.063537 1.502117 0.242149 1997 0.135125 5.872338 1.571034 0.236991 1998 0.190719 5.866023 1.277422 0.205116 1999 0.118392 5.723896 1.361031 0.227162 2000 0.126821 5.790567 1.368105 0.225632 2001 0.138065 5.612418 3.975047 0.883305 0.183773 average 0.1473 5.8215 3.975047 1.3272 0.2201

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 1996 11 11 0 11 11 1997 10 10 0 10 10 1998 12 12 0 12 12 1999 13 13 0 13 13 2000 15 15 0 15 15 2001 16 16 3 17 17 total 77 77 3 78 78

### D5 Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines (cont)* >750 hp g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

2000 0.25906 6.252638 0.727419 0.183308 2001 0.313093 6.052394 0.800887 0.203589 average 0.2861 6.1525 0.7642 0.1934

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM 2000 16 16 0 16 16 2001 18 18 0 18 18 total 34 34 0 34 34



### * Values in bold are used in NONROAD. All are Tier 1 emission factors, with the exception that both Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission factor s are provided for the >300 to 600 hp category.

### D6 Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data 175 to 300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales wgt Rated HP HC NOx CO PM 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0005 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0005 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.0628 260 0.44 5.81 0.70 0.27 0.0398 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0545 260 0.37 5.73 1.30 0.31 0.0177 225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.15 0.0862 275 0.11 4.56 1.25 0.18 0.0174 258 0.05 6.34 0.89 0.22 0.0064 275 0.08 4.93 1.80 0.25 0.0034 220 0.11 6.16 0.89 0.20 0.0563 200 0.26 5.12 0.60 0.22 0.0910 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.1054 260 0.44 5.80 0.70 0.27 0.0652 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0362 255 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.20 0.0014 296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.18 0.0005 196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.21 0.0074 287 0.33 5.94 1.16 0.21 0.1080 263 0.43 6.13 2.68 0.24 0.0322 275 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.15 0.0273 216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.20 0.0262 293 0.09 6.20 0.46 0.12 0.0018 261 0.30 4.38 0.69 0.23 0.0050 194 0.30 6.26 0.80 0.17 0.0024 280 0.25 4.03 0.56 0.18 0.0005 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.26 0.0036 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0025 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.0136 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0362 189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.16 0.0020 252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.17 0.0058 273 0.31 4.46 0.48 0.08 0.0009 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0005 275 0.10 4.14 0.78 0.13 0.0028 210 0.16 6.85 1.47 0.17 0.0043 225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.06 0.0014 228 0.36 5.45 0.59 0.21 0.0504 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.32 0.0072 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0045 188 0.37 5.51 0.63 0.18 0.0018 235 0.31 6.18 0.52 0.13 0.0018 201 0.42 5.38 0.63 0.16 0.0018 255 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0027 Sales-wgt EF 0.331633 5.667602 0.834876 0.239994 1.0000 Sample Size 44 44 44 44

### D7 Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300 to 600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales wgt

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0013 543 2.24 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0010 300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.28 0.0249 330 0.34 5.27 1.07 0.28 0.0075 362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.13 0.3220 425 0.09 6.38 2.18 0.08 0.0155 500 0.17 8.19 2.24 0.13 0.0078 455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0039 542 0.07 6.05 1.43 0.31 0.0959 300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.05 0.0093 397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0216 535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0186 515 0.05 6.05 1.44 0.21 0.0180 300 0.31 5.50 0.41 0.22 0.0052 480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.17 0.0833 525 0.25 6.36 0.45 0.15 0.0104 375 0.40 6.03 1.51 0.20 0.0339 337 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.22 0.0170 300 0.51 8.03 1.28 0.21 0.1823 313 0.10 6.55 0.49 0.14 0.0039 440 0.39 6.55 0.43 0.18 0.0052 568 0.37 6.46 2.17 0.37 0.0124 350 0.78 6.32 1.30 0.37 0.0357 400 0.10 6.28 0.49 0.14 0.0129 412 0.35 6.51 1.76 0.30 0.0039 322 0.23 5.00 0.87 0.23 0.0026 563 0.18 4.56 0.48 0.18 0.0078 305 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.29 0.0044 335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.10 0.0003 349 0.20 5.41 0.34 0.15 0.0016 526 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.16 0.0003 493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.20 0.0005 573 0.14 5.86 0.62 0.17 0.0005 571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.11 0.0026 308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.18 0.0021 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0023 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0037 300 0.07 4.54 0.51 0.15 0.0052 300 0.07 6.35 0.52 0.04 0.0078 369 0.24 5.43 0.51 0.14 0.0052 Sales-wgt EF 0.260521 6.264393 1.353145 0.195978 1.0000 Sample Size 40 40 40 40

### D8 Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600 to 750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales wgt

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM 750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.1010 750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0056 750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.1330 750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.29 0.0859 660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1627 740 0.10 5.53 1.63 0.33 0.1324 640 0.10 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0056 730 0.05 5.04 0.99 0.18 0.0960 600 0.46 6.86 1.46 0.23 0.1403 710 0.25 6.64 2.42 0.27 0.1347 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.21 0.0028 Sales-wgt EF 0.174804 6.063537 1.502117 0.242149 1.0000 Sample Size 11 11 11 11

### D9 Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data 100 to 175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0015 0.0011 0.0015 0.0015 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0087 0.0069 0.0087 0.0090 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.1552 0.1226 0.1552 0.1597 110 6.06 0.0000 0.0174 0.0000 0.0000 165 6.24 0.0000 0.0915 0.0000 0.0000 166 4.95 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.30 0.0102 0.0080 0.0102 0.0104 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1001 0.0790 0.1001 0.1030 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.2320 0.1833 0.2320 0.2388 114 0.39 4.88 0.88 0.0038 0.0030 0.0038 0.0000 141 0.39 4.97 2.30 0.0057 0.0045 0.0057 0.0000 134 0.33 6.59 1.15 0.17 0.0218 0.0172 0.0218 0.0224 168 0.43 6.52 1.25 0.17 0.0044 0.0034 0.0044 0.0045 110 0.75 6.18 2.60 0.41 0.0058 0.0046 0.0058 0.0060 158 0.51 6.26 1.28 0.38 0.0247 0.0195 0.0247 0.0254 153 5.65 0.0000 0.0206 0.0000 0.0000 134 6.51 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.26 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000 106 6.01 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0022 0.0017 0.0022 0.0022 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0015 0.0011 0.0015 0.0015 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0537 0.0424 0.0537 0.0552 162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.29 0.0035 0.0028 0.0035 0.0036 130 5.58 0.0000 0.0115 0.0000 0.0000 134 6.08 0.0000 0.0183 0.0000 0.0000 131 5.18 0.0000 0.0115 0.0000 0.0000 157 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.13 0.0125 0.0099 0.0125 0.0128 168 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.06 0.0091 0.0072 0.0091 0.0094 108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0242 0.0191 0.0242 0.0249 166 0.38 6.21 0.56 0.22 0.0182 0.0143 0.0182 0.0187 121 0.68 6.11 1.22 0.18 0.0085 0.0067 0.0085 0.0087 108 0.20 5.63 0.70 0.32 0.2393 0.1890 0.2393 0.2463 103 6.19 0.0000 0.0128 0.0000 0.0000 172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.25 0.0258 0.0204 0.0258 0.0266 130 0.64 6.70 1.23 0.36 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 102 6.68 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.23 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000 117 6.23 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030 122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.34 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030 122 0.12 4.12 0.64 0.0030 0.0024 0.0030 0.0000 161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0160 0.0126 0.0160 0.0000 161 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.19 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030 Sales-wgt EF 0.297479 5.599201 0.745072 0.281314 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 29 43 29 25

### D10 Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175 to 300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.1439 0.1439 0.1439 0.1439 260 0.37 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 246 0.34 5.27 1.07 0.36 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.1444 0.1444 0.1444 0.1444 220 0.11 6.16 0.89 0.27 0.1523 0.1523 0.1523 0.1523 275 0.11 4.56 1.25 0.26 0.0489 0.0489 0.0489 0.0489 205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 260 0.08 6.48 0.82 0.29 0.0854 0.0854 0.0854 0.0854 275 0.08 4.93 1.80 0.32 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 260 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.27 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 188 0.50 5.29 1.31 0.37 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 296 0.23 4.78 0.72 0.21 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 264 0.64 6.38 2.37 0.41 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085 250 0.10 6.41 0.54 0.12 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 189 0.43 6.65 1.04 0.34 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 261 0.30 4.38 0.69 0.23 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 194 0.30 6.26 0.80 0.17 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.28 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.26 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.31 0.0101 0.0101 0.0101 0.0101 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051 296 0.42 5.77 0.82 0.25 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 234 0.31 4.22 0.51 0.08 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 240 0.35 5.36 0.54 0.23 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 228 0.36 5.45 0.59 0.21 0.1289 0.1289 0.1289 0.1289 253 0.55 4.64 1.10 0.29 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.29 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 227 0.35 0.63 0.51 0.27 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 255 0.25 5.85 0.40 0.13 0.0373 0.0373 0.0373 0.0373 255 0.25 6.22 1.10 0.14 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 188 0.37 5.51 0.60 0.18 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 235 0.31 6.41 0.54 0.13 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 201 0.42 5.38 0.63 0.16 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 255 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 Sales-wgt EF 0.307044 5.723983 0.819777 0.245420 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 43 43 43 43

### D11 Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300 to 600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 425 0.09 6.38 2.18 0.16 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0339 0.0339 0.0339 0.0339 397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0261 0.0261 0.0261 0.0261 362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.4232 0.4232 0.4232 0.4232 373 0.17 8.19 2.24 0.21 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.1521 0.1521 0.1521 0.1521 492 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065 559 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 307 0.10 6.52 0.51 0.14 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 430 0.38 6.58 0.43 0.18 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177 425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.16 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355 413 0.35 6.51 1.76 0.29 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 313 0.18 4.56 0.48 0.18 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 305 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.29 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.30 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 426 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.11 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.16 0.0275 0.0275 0.0275 0.0275 308 0.38 5.70 0.39 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.12 0.0270 0.0270 0.0270 0.0270 320 0.12 7.41 0.51 0.08 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 300 0.08 5.62 0.45 0.12 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403 496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379 369 0.24 6.50 0.51 0.14 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 526 0.45 5.59 0.67 0.11 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 315 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 362 0.37 5.29 0.82 0.12 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 Sales-wgt EF 0.155300 5.865363 1.431343 0.213156 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 35 35 35 35

### D12 Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.) 600 to 750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 740 0.04 5.67 1.57 0.25 0.3355 0.3355 0.3355 0.3355 750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.0205 0.0205 0.0205 0.0205 740 0.10 5.53 1.63 0.33 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 640 0.10 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0319 0.0319 0.0319 0.0319 743 0.05 5.04 0.99 0.18 0.1004 0.1004 0.1004 0.1004 750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.0771 0.0771 0.0771 0.0771 600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1597 0.1597 0.1597 0.1597 710 0.25 6.64 2.42 0.27 0.1643 0.1643 0.1643 0.1643 750 0.13 5.89 1.07 0.13 0.0479 0.0479 0.0479 0.0479 748 0.30 6.04 0.45 0.24 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456 Sales-wgt EF 0.135125 5.872338 1.571034 0.236991 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 10 10 10 10

### D13 Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 67 6.40 0.0000 0.0071 0.0000 0.0000 79 5.74 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.81 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.2600 0.0914 0.2581 0.0000 67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.1418 0.0499 0.1408 0.0000 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.2786 0.0979 0.2765 0.0000 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0009 0.0003 0.0009 0.0000 62 6.23 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 57 6.20 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 59 6.56 0.0000 0.0310 0.0000 0.0000 84 5.74 0.0000 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.92 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 82 5.23 0.0000 0.0605 0.0000 0.0000 53 6.32 0.0000 0.0175 0.0000 0.0000 72 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 78 6.22 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 52 4.59 0.0000 0.0208 0.0000 0.0000 50 4.14 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000 51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0004 0.0001 0.0004 0.0000 55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0118 0.0042 0.0117 0.0000 64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0254 0.0089 0.0252 0.0000 73 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.52 0.0118 0.0042 0.0117 0.0000 56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0016 0.0006 0.0016 0.0000 79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0258 0.0091 0.0256 0.0000 91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0133 0.0047 0.0132 0.0000 59 6.65 0.0000 0.0170 0.0000 0.0000 62 6.23 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0051 0.0018 0.0050 0.0000 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0009 0.0003 0.0009 0.0000 59 4.37 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 56 4.18 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 86 5.42 0.0000 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000 93 4.71 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 72 4.31 0.0000 0.0059 0.0000 0.0000 54 0.55 6.31 2.42 0.0077 0.0027 0.0076 0.0000 65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0010 0.0003 0.0010 1.0000 54 2.62 0.0000 0.0057 0.0000 0.0000 50 4.38 0.0000 0.0190 0.0000 0.0000 89 5.98 0.0000 0.0066 0.0000 0.0000 72 4.63 0.0000 0.0145 0.0000 0.0000 78 6.05 0.0000 0.0101 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.32 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 67 0.14 4.94 1.07 0.45 0.1213 0.0426 0.1204 0.0000 92 0.27 5.62 0.99 0.27 0.0834 0.0293 0.0828 0.0000 55 2.62 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 85 2.18 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 59 5.90 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D14 58 3.23 0.0000 0.0297 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.62 0.0000 0.0125 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.13 0.0000 0.0064 0.0000 0.0000 60 6.06 0.0000 0.0297 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.09 0.0000 0.0861 0.0000 0.0000 72 6.30 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 68 5.85 0.0000 0.0772 0.0000 0.0000 68 6.44 0.0000 0.0504 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0091 0.0032 0.0091 0.0000 59 4.33 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000 84 6.14 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 82 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0000 0.0011 0.0032 0.0000 60 5.87 3.96 0.39 0.0000 0.0006 0.0017 0.0000 62 6.19 1.69 0.30 0.0000 0.0009 0.0026 0.0000 75 3.87 0.0000 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.91 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000 54 5.40 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 67 4.89 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 80 4.80 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 60 4.12 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 70 5.59 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.23 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 58 5.12 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.528 845 5.682 411 4.23557 6 2.7535 46 0.4720 55 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 18 71 1 21 19

### D15 Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 167 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.18 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 108 6.47 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1104 0.0940 0.1101 0.1112 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0041 0.0035 0.0041 0.0042 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0647 0.0551 0.0645 0.0652 110 6.06 0.0000 0.0062 0.0000 0.0000 165 6.24 0.0000 0.0336 0.0000 0.0000 166 4.95 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1765 0.1504 0.1760 0.1779 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0537 0.0457 0.0535 0.0541 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.1891 0.1611 0.1886 0.1906 158 6.53 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.41 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 133 6.44 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.48 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 114 0.52 6.54 1.18 0.0014 0.0012 0.0014 0.0000 141 3.71 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2535 0.2160 0.2528 0.2555 155 6.39 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000 124 6.60 0.0000 0.0068 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.22 0.0000 0.0310 0.0000 0.0000 158 6.26 0.0000 0.0077 0.0000 0.0000 103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0033 0.0028 0.0033 0.0033 153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0126 0.0108 0.0126 0.0127 106 6.01 0.0000 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000 144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0085 0.0072 0.0085 0.0086 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0012 0.0010 0.0012 0.0012 165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0140 0.0119 0.0140 0.0141 114 5.87 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 148 0.16 6.58 0.70 0.13 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 168 0.34 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.28 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 108 6.11 0.0000 0.0137 0.0000 0.0000 113 4.41 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0555 0.0473 0.0553 0.0559 121 0.68 6.11 1.22 0.18 0.0117 0.0100 0.0117 0.0118 166 0.38 6.21 0.56 0.22 0.0196 0.0167 0.0195 0.0197 118 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.19 0.0000 0.0070 0.0000 0.0000 103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0018 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018 100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0024 0.0020 0.0023 0.0024 102 6.68 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 127 5.38 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 117 6.23 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.23 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0032 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032

### Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D16 123 4.12 0.64 0.0000 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018 122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.44 0.0021 0.0018 0.0021 0.0022 142 5.92 1.33 0.31 0.0000 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 138 6.68 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0092 0.0078 0.0092 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 0.355336 5.743938 0.961288 0.276378 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 25 52 27 24

### D17 Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0124 0.0124 0.0124 0.0124 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 278 0.13 4.70 0.51 0.15 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160 275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 260 0.17 6.48 0.82 0.29 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 290 0.10 5.60 2.19 0.32 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 260 0.42 6.16 1.30 0.39 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0253 0.0253 0.0253 0.0253 275 0.04 4.76 0.31 0.14 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0726 0.0726 0.0726 0.0726 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0749 0.0749 0.0749 0.0749 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0738 0.0738 0.0738 0.0738 284 0.41 5.76 0.52 0.22 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 200 0.19 4.05 0.92 0.28 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 253 0.34 6.58 0.57 0.21 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 188 0.50 5.29 1.31 0.37 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 256 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.27 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 296 0.23 4.78 0.72 0.21 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.3023 0.3023 0.3023 0.3023 197 0.23 5.52 0.75 0.29 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 263 0.43 6.13 2.68 0.31 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.1154 0.1154 0.1154 0.1154 280 0.49 6.14 2.52 0.31 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157 294 0.64 6.38 2.37 0.40 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 283 0.09 6.38 0.51 0.12 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 240 0.29 4.88 0.73 0.23 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 187 0.26 5.99 0.73 0.15 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.35 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 296 0.38 6.19 0.54 0.22 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 255 0.42 5.77 0.82 0.26 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049

### Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D18 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 211 0.37 5.42 0.57 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 253 0.23 5.28 0.47 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 231 0.32 4.69 0.46 0.15 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 260 0.18 6.35 0.73 0.15 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.13 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 210 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.20 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 228 0.37 5.46 0.60 0.21 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294 190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 268 0.44 6.50 0.50 0.30 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 227 0.35 0.63 0.51 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 255 0.25 6.22 1.10 0.14 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 Sales-wgt EF 0.316321 5.574079 0.722968 0.262486 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 72 72 72 72

### D19 Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 373 0.24 6.50 0.51 0.14 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 425 0.90 6.38 2.17 0.16 0.0514 0.0514 0.0514 0.0514 300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0111 0.0111 0.0111 0.0111 397 0.19 5.24 1.35 0.29 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.2369 0.2369 0.2369 0.2369 500 0.13 6.10 1.67 0.17 0.0257 0.0257 0.0257 0.0257 455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715 350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.1676 0.1676 0.1676 0.1676 525 0.25 6.36 0.45 0.15 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.18 0.1718 0.1718 0.1718 0.1718 336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 375 0.40 6.03 2.02 0.28 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 336 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.30 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 399 0.18 5.33 0.91 0.14 0.0285 0.0285 0.0285 0.0285 339 0.21 5.72 0.92 0.15 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 517 0.17 5.74 0.37 0.13 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 401 0.23 6.02 0.50 0.14 0.0090 0.0090 0.0090 0.0090 313 0.13 6.38 0.59 0.15 0.0077 0.0077 0.0077 0.0077 420 0.36 6.65 0.47 0.18 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.15 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193 567 0.28 5.65 2.26 0.33 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 586 0.20 4.64 0.45 0.18 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 329 0.26 6.38 0.61 0.19 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.30 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 572 0.14 5.86 0.62 0.24 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 531 0.36 5.01 0.40 0.16 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 308 0.30 5.67 0.45 0.18 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 543 0.02 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.10 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 330 0.04 5.64 0.40 0.16 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114 381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0167 0.0167 0.0167 0.0167

### Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D20 496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 Sales-wgt EF 0.209071 6.126551 1.289223 0.198893 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 48 48 48 48



### Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.) 600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 660 0.10 6.03 0.54 0.13 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 640 0.11 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0132 0.0132 0.0132 0.0132 740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0350 0.0350 0.0350 0.0350 600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.2955 0.2955 0.2955 0.2955 606 0.16 6.01 0.58 0.12 0.1128 0.1128 0.1128 0.1128 725 0.16 5.88 0.84 0.12 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.1089 0.1089 0.1089 0.1089 750 0.06 4.48 1.43 0.24 0.0389 0.0389 0.0389 0.0389 750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.1322 0.1322 0.1322 0.1322 750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 Sales-wgt EF 0.190719 5.866023 1.277422 0.205116 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 12 12 12 12

### D21 Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weighting Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0107 0.0107 0.0107 36 3.12 1.31 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 45 5.95 0.48 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 50 6.14 0.0000 0.1061 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38 6.69 1.92 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 39 6.58 1.84 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 47 5.84 1.35 0.09 0.0000 0.0000 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 33 3.65 0.87 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 27 5.66 1.62 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 40 2.78 1.62 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0507 0.0507 0.0507 45 4.04 0.87 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158 28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 27 0.17 4.29 4.46 1.25 0.52 0.038763 0.0019 0.0014 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.60 0.043011 0.0027 0.0020 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 32 0.26 4.22 4.49 1.61 0.54 0.058036 0.0360 0.0262 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.42 0.022277 0.0046 0.0034 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 39 0.14 4.59 4.74 0.90 0.45 0.029598 0.0115 0.0084 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 34 0.16 3.30 3.46 0.68 0.30 0.046243 0.0028 0.0020 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.8386 0.6112 0.1127 0.1127 0.1127 34 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017241 0.0616 0.0449 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083 40 0.69 6.18 6.88 1.62 0.25 0.100868 0.0046 0.0034 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 34 4.59 0.92 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 46 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 34 3.80 0.98 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0058 0.0058 0.0058 47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0042 0.0031 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0451 0.0451 0.0451 26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163 0.0163 42 3.84 0.77 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 26 4.46 0.96 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0417 0.0417 0.0417 41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0662 0.0662 0.0662 37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.1936 0.1936 0.1936 40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0315 0.0230 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 25 5.78 3.66 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 33 2.37 1.58 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 30 5.29 1.50 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 35 5.48 1.61 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weighting Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D22 40 5.53 2.57 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 44 5.56 1.69 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 44 5.96 2.39 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 38 6.00 1.25 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 30 6.51 3.22 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 35 6.27 2.35 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 44 6.19 1.09 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 34 3.53 3.55 1.22 0.54 0.0000 0.0458 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085 49 3.20 3.31 1.29 0.40 0.0000 0.0917 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 49 4.85 0.0000 0.0275 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0596 0.0596 0.0596 41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 37 6.76 1.71 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0098 0.0098 0.0098 30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423 38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0507 0.0507 0.0507 46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 Sales-wgt EF 0.4965 4.5584 4. 9834 1.5421 0.3561 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 11 15 72 72 72 0.047095

Calc HC 

### * 0.2347
Calc NOx* 4.7487

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D23 Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt 67 6.40 0.0000 0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 79 5.74 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.81 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.1942 0.0652 0.0000 0.1802 0.1814 67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.1177 0.0395 0.0000 0.1092 0.1100 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.1618 0.0544 0.0000 0.1502 0.1512 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0647 0.0217 0.0000 0.0601 0.0605 56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0309 0.0104 0.0000 0.0287 0.0289 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0486 0.0163 0.0000 0.0451 0.0454 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0008 0.0003 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 62 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 57 6.20 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 55 5.80 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 59 6.56 0.0000 0.0216 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 84 5.74 0.0000 0.0306 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 59 0.89 8.82 3.55 0.84 0.0099 0.0033 0.0000 0.0092 0.0092 74 5.82 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 82 5.23 0.0000 0.0552 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 53 6.32 0.0000 0.0280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 6.70 2.22 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.9552 0.0655 0.0660 60 6.16 0.0000 0.0173 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 72 6.30 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.21 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 70 5.02 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 96 6.32 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 74 3.22 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 78 6.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 4.59 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 50 4.14 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0049 0.0016 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045 54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0183 0.0062 0.0000 0.0170 0.0171 51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 61 0.46 6.07 1.33 0.32 0.0121 0.0041 0.0000 0.0112 0.0113 64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0056 0.0019 0.0000 0.0052 0.0052 73 0.24 4.79 0.87 0.52 0.0110 0.0037 0.0000 0.0102 0.0103 56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 63 0.52 6.27 1.67 0.57 0.0118 0.0040 0.0000 0.0109 0.0110 71 0.55 5.27 2.17 0.57 0.0236 0.0079 0.0000 0.0219 0.0221 91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0287 0.0096 0.0000 0.0266 0.0268 59 6.65 0.0000 0.0230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0044 0.0015 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0008 0.0003 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 59 4.37 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 4.18 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 86 5.42 0.0000 0.0089 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 93 4.71 0.0000 0.0074 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt



### D24 72 4.31 0.0000 0.0119 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 0.55 6.31 2.42 0.0060 0.0020 0.0000 0.0056 0.0000 58 0.08 3.32 3.41 0.89 0.0011 0.0004 0.0149 0.0010 0.0000 59 3.34 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 2.62 0.0000 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 79 5.06 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 50 4.09 0.80 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0299 0.0020 0.0021 57 4.46 0.0000 0.0061 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 55 2.91 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.35 0.0000 0.0083 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 87 5.92 0.0000 0.0058 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.32 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 89 6.40 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 67 0.14 4.94 1.07 0.45 0.1378 0.0463 0.0000 0.1279 0.1288 92 0.27 5.62 0.99 0.27 0.0902 0.0303 0.0000 0.0837 0.0842 58 3.00 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 85 2.18 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 59 5.90 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.23 0.0000 0.0247 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 81 5.43 0.0000 0.0059 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.62 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.13 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 60 6.06 0.0000 0.0247 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.09 0.0000 0.1503 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 68 5.85 0.0000 0.0652 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 68 6.34 0.0000 0.0420 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0063 0.0021 0.0000 0.0059 0.0059 80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0079 0.0027 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074 59 4.33 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 84 6.14 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 82 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 62 6.06 3.96 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 100 6.27 0.87 0.41 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 62 6.19 1.69 0.30 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 75 3.87 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.91 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 67 4.89 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 4.80 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.23 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 5.12 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 60 4.12 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 70 5.59 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 93 5.35 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 100 5.73 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt



### D25 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.5176 42 5.6133 76 6.56950 1 2.34 687 0.452 553 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 27 91 3 33 31

### D26 Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 167 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.18 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 108 6.47 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1343 0.1074 0.1342 0.1355 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0048 0.0039 0.0048 0.0049 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1246 0.0996 0.1245 0.1257 110 6.06 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 165 6.24 0.0000 0.0373 0.0000 0.0000 166 4.95 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.2077 0.1660 0.2075 0.2095 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1179 0.0942 0.1178 0.1189 158 6.53 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.41 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 133 6.50 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 141 4.97 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 172 4.83 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.29 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2486 0.1987 0.2483 0.2507 155 6.39 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 108 6.55 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0000 157 6.65 0.0000 0.0074 0.0000 0.0000 103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0071 0.0056 0.0070 0.0071 144 0.53 6.08 0.55 0.28 0.0187 0.0150 0.0187 0.0189 144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0100 0.0080 0.0100 0.0101 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0014 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0165 0.0132 0.0165 0.0166 114 5.87 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 103 5.94 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 151 5.60 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.50 0.0000 0.0200 0.0000 0.0000 144 5.80 0.0000 0.0121 0.0000 0.0000 118 5.52 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 113 4.41 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 173 5.79 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0515 0.0411 0.0514 0.0519 116 0.62 5.36 1.39 0.18 0.0101 0.0081 0.0101 0.0102 168 0.37 5.68 0.54 0.17 0.0257 0.0206 0.0257 0.0260 118 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 164 5.92 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.19 0.0000 0.0125 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.55 0.0000 0.0453 0.0000 0.0000 173 6.05 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 115 5.77 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0009 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 150 0.50 5.74 1.06 0.49 0.0009 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0021 0.0017 0.0021 0.0022

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D27 130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0015 0.0012 0.0015 0.0015 100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0028 0.0022 0.0028 0.0028 114 6.39 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 127 5.38 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 117 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.23 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0013 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013 123 4.12 0.64 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.43 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 142 5.92 1.33 0.31 0.0000 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 138 6.68 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0094 0.0075 0.0093 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 0.351590 5.749792 0.937310 0.270345 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 25 59 27 25

### D28 Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0290 0.0290 0.0290 0.0290 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0136 0.0136 0.0136 0.0136 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0207 0.0207 0.0207 0.0207 275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.27 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 294 0.09 5.45 2.19 0.34 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 260 0.36 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0252 0.0252 0.0252 0.0252 240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0414 0.0414 0.0414 0.0414 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0746 0.0746 0.0746 0.0746 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0787 0.0787 0.0787 0.0787 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083 200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 253 0.34 6.58 0.57 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.2781 0.2781 0.2781 0.2781 197 0.23 5.52 0.75 0.29 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097 294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.0988 0.0988 0.0988 0.0988 285 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.22 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.28 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 285 0.47 4.59 0.73 0.26 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 237 0.78 6.32 1.31 0.38 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 187 0.26 5.99 0.73 0.15 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.35 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.21 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D29 252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 211 0.37 5.42 0.57 0.22 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 253 0.23 5.28 0.47 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.13 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 210 0.13 6.73 1.77 0.21 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 210 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.20 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 286 0.39 5.07 0.50 0.20 0.0246 0.0246 0.0246 0.0246 190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 268 0.44 6.50 0.50 0.22 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 227 0.35 6.34 0.51 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0055 0.0055 0.0055 0.0055 Sales-wgt EF 0.314974 5.549376 0.695869 0.257528 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 71 71 71 71

### D30 Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 415 0.10 4.65 0.40 0.08 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 340 0.12 3.91 0.56 0.17 0.0271 0.0271 0.0271 0.0271 300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 425 0.90 6.38 2.17 0.16 0.0522 0.0522 0.0522 0.0522 300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.1859 0.1859 0.1859 0.1859 500 0.13 6.10 1.67 0.17 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.0763 0.0763 0.0763 0.0763 535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 430 0.14 6.29 0.34 0.13 0.0199 0.0199 0.0199 0.0199 480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.18 0.1809 0.1809 0.1809 0.1809 525 0.16 6.52 0.65 0.16 0.0109 0.0109 0.0109 0.0109 336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 422 0.15 4.97 0.40 0.11 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 563 0.14 5.11 0.40 0.11 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099 336 0.37 4.65 0.68 0.25 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 336 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.30 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072 339 0.21 5.72 0.92 0.15 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 399 0.18 5.33 0.91 0.15 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 517 0.17 5.74 0.37 0.13 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 401 0.23 6.02 0.50 0.14 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158 431 0.17 5.59 0.43 0.15 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 361 0.20 5.77 0.62 0.16 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 350 0.08 5.74 2.10 0.15 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 313 0.13 6.38 0.59 0.14 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 430 0.35 6.64 0.56 0.19 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.16 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689 586 0.20 4.64 0.45 0.18 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 329 0.26 6.38 0.61 0.19 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 335 0.26 6.17 1.05 0.32 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 326 0.50 4.04 0.43 0.14 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.22 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D31 475 0.28 4.09 0.46 0.15 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.10 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 330 0.04 5.64 0.40 0.16 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 313 0.27 6.26 0.31 0.06 0.0134 0.0134 0.0134 0.0134 381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0186 0.0186 0.0186 0.0186 496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 Sales-wgt EF 0.201521 6.049760 1.201752 0.192703 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 55 55 55 55



### Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.) 600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1765 0.1765 0.1765 0.1765 740 0.05 5.68 1.57 0.25 0.2857 0.2857 0.2857 0.2857 640 0.11 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.0903 0.0903 0.0903 0.0903 740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0429 0.0429 0.0429 0.0429 600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1618 0.1618 0.1618 0.1618 686 0.20 5.70 0.65 0.30 0.0139 0.0139 0.0139 0.0139 750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.0588 0.0588 0.0588 0.0588 750 0.06 4.48 1.43 0.24 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 641 0.26 5.84 0.83 0.18 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 Sales-wgt EF 0.118392 5.723896 1.361031 0.227162 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 13 13 13 13

### D32 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data 0-11 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

6 6.57 7.33 4.20 0.07 0.0000 0.1007 0.0289 0.0289 0.0289 6 5.28 7.78 3.16 0.12 0.0000 0.0280 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 10 3.36 1.04 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088 7 3.82 2.11 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096 7 3.77 2.95 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225 11 5.45 4.10 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096 10 5.23 1.68 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193 7 6.54 3.81 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0123 0.0123 0.0123 8 5.76 4.50 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 10 5.03 4.21 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 4 0.78 5.18 5.96 3.93 0.66 0.131414 0.1309 0.1141 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328 7 0.71 4.82 5.53 3.83 0.57 0.128205 0.6675 0.5817 0.1672 0.1672 0.1672 8 0.58 5.74 6.32 3.29 0.45 0.091981 0.1309 0.1141 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328 11 0.57 5.10 5.67 3.18 0.54 0.101183 0.0706 0.0615 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177 4 6.61 5.00 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.2089 0.2089 0.2089 7 6.25 5.03 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.1607 0.1607 0.1607 10 6.30 3.84 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.1832 0.1832 0.1832 7 6.57 3.61 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164 10 3.72 1.91 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0501 0.0501 0.0501 9 3.88 3.84 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.6921 03 5.1703 37 5.96622 3 4.0513 66 0.4528 58 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 4 6 20 20 20 0.113196

Calc HC* 

### 0.6753 51

Calc NOx* 

### 5.2908 71

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D33 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data 11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

19 5.02 1.36 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0032 0.0030 17 0.58 3.79 4.37 3.82 0.57 0.131868 0.0373 0.0289 0.0051 0.0053 0.0051 25 0.45 4.07 4.52 3.09 0.38 0.099558 0.1493 0.1156 0.0203 0.0211 0.0203 21 4.30 1.74 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 17 5.26 1.69 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 18 5.15 0.77 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0014 0.0013 23 3.98 1.08 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.0035 0.0034 11 4.88 1.88 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0027 0.0026 17 4.38 2.36 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0140 0.0146 0.0140 12 5.54 2.57 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0081 0.0084 0.0081 18 1.10 4.96 0.56 0.0000 0.2254 0.0395 0.0000 0.0395 21 3.68 1.34 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0130 0.0135 0.0130 24 3.54 1.06 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0021 0.0020 24 5.67 1.66 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0023 0.0022 25 6.45 1.20 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0023 0.0022 19 3.40 0.99 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0029 0.0028 18 0.17 5.59 5.76 0.97 0.54 0.028849 0.0033 0.0025 0.0004 0.0005 0.0004 17 0.10 3.48 3.58 0.56 0.33 0.027933 0.1866 0.1445 0.0253 0.0264 0.0253 25 0.11 3.38 3.49 0.56 0.30 0.030399 0.0974 0.0754 0.0132 0.0138 0.0132 12 5.53 2.77 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.3139 0.3268 0.3139 23 4.30 1.73 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0810 0.0843 0.0810 22 4.66 1.50 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0253 0.0264 0.0253 20 5.66 2.23 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0042 0.0041 16 4.02 3.13 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 19 6.24 4.15 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0223 0.0232 0.0223 21 4.30 1.74 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0046 0.0047 0.0046 18 5.97 2.73 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0152 0.0158 0.0152 21 4.10 2.24 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0101 0.0105 0.0101 15 0.72 5.29 6.02 3.70 0.43 0.120198 0.0410 0.0318 0.0056 0.0058 0.0056 15 0.43 5.70 6.12 2.41 0.39 0.069428 0.0784 0.0607 0.0106 0.0111 0.0106 16 0.57 5.62 6.19 3.00 0.37 0.092771 0.0187 0.0145 0.0025 0.0026 0.0025 22 0.77 5.17 5.94 3.04 0.45 0.129397 0.3881 0.3006 0.0527 0.0548 0.0527 12 5.03 2.95 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0011 0.0010 16 4.46 2.98 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0450 0.0468 0.0450 12 3.17 1.47 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0505 0.0526 0.0505 19 4.29 1.28 0.08 0.0000 0.0000 0.0284 0.0295 0.0284 22 3.47 2.27 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0374 0.0390 0.0374 24 5.63 0.90 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0837 0.0872 0.0837 17 4.88 1.55 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0398 0.0414 0.0398 18 3.24 1.91 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0061 0.0063 0.0061 Sales-wgt EF 0.489983 3.749647 4.948900 2.207041 0.289982 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 9 10 40 39 40 0.081156

Calc HC* 0.401631 Calc NOx* 4.547269

### D34 * HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D35 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

42 6.52 3.35 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 25 5.31 1.49 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 28 4.92 1.56 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 45 5.95 0.48 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 36 3.12 1.31 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 50 6.14 0.0000 0.1584 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 30 6.94 1.64 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 38 6.69 1.92 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 46 6.65 2.29 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0123 0.0123 0.0123 35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 39 6.58 1.84 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051 47 5.84 1.35 0.09 0.0000 0.0000 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 25 4.35 0.64 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 30 3.86 0.83 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 26 3.18 0.98 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 27 5.66 1.62 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0160 0.0159 0.0159 40 2.78 1.62 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379 45 4.04 0.87 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0147 0.0147 0.0147 28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 39 4.35 1.89 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 28 0.13 4.23 4.36 1.33 0.54 0.029817 0.0267 0.0167 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.58 0.041678 0.0595 0.0372 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 37 0.67 6.00 6.67 3.55 0.42 0.10051 0.0017 0.0010 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 27 0.11 4.52 4.63 0.57 0.31 0.023758 0.0017 0.0010 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.46 0.021308 0.0278 0.0173 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 37 0.85 4.85 5.56 2.55 0.38 0.149123 0.0076 0.0047 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 35 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017234 0.0216 0.0135 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 40 0.69 6.19 6.88 1.62 0.25 0.100291 0.0056 0.0035 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.7065 0.4409 0.0509 0.0509 0.0509 46 0.04 3.75 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.010554 0.0014 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 34 0.14 3.66 3.80 0.98 0.50 0.036842 0.0734 0.0458 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0050 0.0031 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 48 0.64 6.36 7.00 1.46 0.31 0.091429 0.0151 0.0094 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0363 0.0363 0.0363 26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 42 3.84 0.77 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0073 0.0073 0.0073 26 4.46 0.96 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0545 0.0545 0.0545 41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D36 31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0309 0.0309 0.0309 31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0582 0.0581 0.0581 37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.2108 0.2107 0.2107 49 5.95 1.93 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 38 5.99 1.58 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 48 4.63 0.93 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031 0.0031 0.0031 40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0465 0.0290 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 26 2.62 1.83 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 25 5.78 3.66 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 33 2.37 1.58 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 36 5.73 6.06 1.07 0.33 0.0000 0.0441 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051 30 5.29 1.50 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 35 5.15 5.48 1.61 0.36 0.0000 0.0157 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 40 4.62 5.53 2.57 0.22 0.0000 0.0236 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 42 6.35 1.01 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 44 4.82 5.56 1.69 0.34 0.0000 0.0157 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 40 6.36 1.33 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 38 6.00 1.25 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 30 6.51 3.22 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 42 6.07 0.70 0.31 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0138 0.0138 0.0138 45 5.62 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 49 4.09 0.80 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 44 6.19 1.09 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 47 5.32 5.81 2.45 0.44 0.0000 0.0693 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 43 6.35 2.33 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 41 6.35 0.95 0.32 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 26 5.45 2.00 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0236 0.0236 0.0236 28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096 25 5.53 2.91 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0129 0.0129 0.0129 30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 25 5.91 3.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0230 0.0230 0.0230 41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 37 6.76 1.71 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 25 6.01 3.03 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0181 0.0181 0.0181 25 6.09 3.03 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0117 0.0117 0.0117 45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0291 0.0291 0.0291 38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D37 34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715 50 4.85 0.0000 0.0435 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 Sales-wgt EF 0.452946 4.893606 5.083919 1.522782 0.331337 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 14 22 95 96 96 0.056039

Calc HC* 0.284899 Calc NOx* 4.799020

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D38 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 79 5.74 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.81 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.1534 0.0381 0.0000 0.1520 0.1572 67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.0219 0.0054 0.0000 0.0217 0.0225 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.1315 0.0327 0.0000 0.1303 0.1348 85 0.48 6.14 1.03 0.35 0.0418 0.0104 0.0000 0.0415 0.0429 56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0418 0.0104 0.0000 0.0415 0.0429 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0279 0.0069 0.0000 0.0276 0.0286 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 62 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 57 6.20 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 55 5.80 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.92 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 82 5.23 0.0000 0.0802 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 53 6.32 0.0000 0.0217 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 83 6.47 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 65 6.20 0.0000 0.0174 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 84 6.79 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 68 6.70 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.38 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.21 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 78 6.22 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 4.59 0.0000 0.0188 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 50 3.43 0.0000 0.0079 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0094 0.0023 0.0000 0.0093 0.0096 51 1.44 5.79 3.90 0.38 0.0110 0.0027 0.0000 0.0109 0.0112 54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0240 0.0060 0.0000 0.0238 0.0246 51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0011 0.0003 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0163 0.0041 0.0000 0.0162 0.0167 64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0076 0.0019 0.0000 0.0075 0.0078 76 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.51 0.0149 0.0037 0.0000 0.0148 0.0153 51 0.41 5.34 2.22 0.64 0.0087 0.0022 0.0000 0.0086 0.0089 56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0014 0.0003 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 83 0.49 4.80 0.76 0.34 0.0099 0.0025 0.0000 0.0098 0.0101 91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0378 0.0094 0.0000 0.0375 0.0388 79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0335 0.0083 0.0000 0.0332 0.0344 86 0.46 4.98 0.83 0.38 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 86 0.35 5.09 0.67 0.21 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0013 0.0014 53 6.56 0.0000 0.0478 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 0.05 3.56 0.75 0.20 0.0159 0.0040 0.0000 0.0158 0.0163 78 0.49 3.77 3.00 0.52 0.0159 0.0040 0.0000 0.0158 0.0163 74 0.76 4.70 2.06 0.32 0.0199 0.0050 0.0000 0.0197 0.0204 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0060 0.0015 0.0000 0.0059 0.0061 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0050 0.0012 0.0000 0.0049 0.0051 56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D39 85 0.48 6.14 1.03 0.35 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 59 4.37 0.0000 0.0119 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.12 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 4.18 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 89 3.57 0.0000 0.0178 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 73 3.68 0.0000 0.0124 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 86 5.42 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 93 4.71 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 72 4.31 0.0000 0.0054 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 0.54 6.31 2.42 0.0157 0.0039 0.0000 0.0156 0.0000 65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0178 0.0044 1.0000 0.0177 0.0000 59 3.34 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 53 4.60 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.95 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 2.62 0.0000 0.0048 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 63 5.06 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 57 4.46 0.0000 0.0052 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 55 2.91 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.35 0.0000 0.0154 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 87 5.92 0.0000 0.0154 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.32 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 89 6.40 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 67 0.22 5.71 1.01 0.54 0.1915 0.0476 0.0000 0.1898 0.1963 92 0.35 6.16 1.22 0.29 0.0992 0.0247 0.0000 0.0983 0.1017 55 2.62 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 59 5.90 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 85 2.18 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.58 0.0000 0.0124 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 79 6.16 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.23 0.0000 0.0109 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.62 0.0000 0.0097 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.13 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 60 6.06 0.0000 0.0258 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.09 0.0000 0.1312 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 68 5.85 0.0000 0.0669 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 52 5.97 0.0000 0.0421 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 68 6.11 0.0000 0.0099 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0060 0.0015 0.0000 0.0059 0.0061 80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0075 0.0019 0.0000 0.0074 0.0077 59 3.58 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 84 6.14 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 50 5.80 1.78 0.38 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0034 0.0035 77 0.03 3.55 0.15 0.18 0.0021 0.0005 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 59 5.59 0.96 0.45 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0040 0.0042 100 6.27 0.87 0.33 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D40 75 3.87 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.91 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 67 4.89 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 80 4.80 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.23 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 5.12 0.0000 0.0157 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 60 4.12 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 70 5.59 0.0000 0.0138 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 58 5.72 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 95 5.10 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 100 5.73 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.46 289 5.4948 92 4.2355 76 2.047 06 0.460 43 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 35 104 1 38 36

### D41 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 173 0.33 6.37 0.78 0.11 0.0006 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006 108 6.47 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 143 6.09 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.2138 0.1425 0.2133 0.2164 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0077 0.0051 0.0077 0.0078 118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0165 0.0110 0.0165 0.0167 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1983 0.1322 0.1979 0.2008 110 6.06 0.0000 0.0019 0.0000 0.0000 165 6.24 0.0000 0.0495 0.0000 0.0000 166 4.95 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1202 0.0801 0.1200 0.1217 118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0165 0.0110 0.0165 0.0167 144 4.97 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.41 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 133 6.50 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0009 0.0006 0.0009 0.0009 155 6.39 0.0000 0.0170 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.32 0.53 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 157 6.65 0.0000 0.0116 0.0000 0.0000 121 0.49 4.30 1.23 0.28 0.0013 0.0009 0.0013 0.0013 134 0.34 4.30 1.00 0.24 0.0007 0.0004 0.0007 0.0007 103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0127 0.0085 0.0127 0.0129 153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0145 0.0097 0.0145 0.0147 164 0.47 4.67 1.06 0.23 0.0033 0.0022 0.0033 0.0033 139 0.52 4.30 1.25 0.19 0.0012 0.0008 0.0012 0.0012 144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0881 0.0588 0.0880 0.0892 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0220 0.0147 0.0220 0.0223 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1102 0.0735 0.1100 0.1115 125 5.74 0.0000 0.0134 0.0000 0.0000 103 5.94 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 151 5.60 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.50 0.0000 0.0414 0.0000 0.0000 144 5.80 0.0000 0.0494 0.0000 0.0000 118 5.52 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 113 4.41 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 132 6.05 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000 173 5.79 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 108 0.16 6.25 0.43 0.26 0.0759 0.0506 0.0757 0.0768 116 0.57 6.43 1.45 0.33 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150 0.0152 168 0.42 5.85 0.76 0.27 0.0382 0.0255 0.0381 0.0387 118 6.30 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.55 0.0000 0.0287 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.19 0.0000 0.0089 0.0000 0.0000 172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.25 0.0180 0.0120 0.0180 0.0183 115 5.77 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000 152 5.82 0.0000 0.0601 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D42 103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0023 0.0015 0.0023 0.0023 135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0010 0.0007 0.0010 0.0010 130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0017 0.0011 0.0017 0.0017 100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0031 0.0021 0.0031 0.0031 114 6.39 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 127 5.38 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 117 6.23 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.23 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0020 0.0013 0.0020 0.0020 142 5.92 1.33 0.23 0.0000 0.0013 0.0020 0.0020 138 6.68 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0141 0.0094 0.0141 0.0000 130 5.05 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 116 5.82 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 0.332460 5.593736 0.685810 0.282059 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 27 61 29 28

### D43 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0678 0.0678 0.0000 0.0678 0.0678 240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0136 0.0136 0.0000 0.0136 0.0136 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0329 0.0329 0.0000 0.0329 0.0329 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0213 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0213 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0213 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0213 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0484 0.0484 0.0000 0.0484 0.0484 210 0.20 5.89 1.49 0.33 0.0362 0.0362 0.0000 0.0362 0.0362 275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0027 0.0027 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027 205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0096 0.0096 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.29 0.0252 0.0252 0.0000 0.0252 0.0252 290 0.09 5.46 2.19 0.35 0.0097 0.0097 0.0000 0.0097 0.0097 260 0.36 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0022 0.0022 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0588 0.0588 0.0000 0.0588 0.0588 240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0968 0.0968 0.0000 0.0968 0.0968 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.1355 0.1355 0.0000 0.1355 0.1355 189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.1936 0.1936 0.0000 0.1936 0.1936 200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034 296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0037 0.0037 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 184 0.24 5.84 0.69 0.15 0.0215 0.0215 0.0000 0.0215 0.0215 186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0017 0.0017 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 185 0.54 4.19 4.73 0.93 0.20 0.0004 0.0004 0.5000 0.0004 0.0004 241 0.21 4.14 4.35 0.67 0.17 0.0004 0.0004 0.5000 0.0004 0.0004 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0024 0.0024 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0055 0.0055 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.21 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0194 0.0194 0.0000 0.0194 0.0194 189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0194 0.0194 0.0000 0.0194 0.0194 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0116 0.0116 0.0000 0.0116 0.0116 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0020 0.0020 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0092 0.0092 0.0000 0.0092 0.0092 238 0.21 5.95 0.51 0.19 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 285 0.06 5.93 0.60 0.09 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 197 0.33 5.07 0.76 0.18 0.0044 0.0044 0.0000 0.0044 0.0044 251 0.23 5.59 0.42 0.11 0.0072 0.0072 0.0000 0.0072 0.0072 184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0023 0.0023

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D44 280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0029 0.0029 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 212 0.29 6.41 0.40 0.14 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 210 0.09 5.16 0.90 0.18 0.0070 0.0070 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070 225 0.09 6.78 0.40 0.16 0.0058 0.0058 0.0000 0.0058 0.0058 286 0.22 5.35 1.24 0.38 0.0304 0.0304 0.0000 0.0304 0.0304 181 0.15 5.69 0.44 0.27 0.0127 0.0127 0.0000 0.0127 0.0127 202 0.38 8.06 1.42 0.42 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0007 0.0007 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0026 0.0026 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.37 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0018 0.0018 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 227 0.35 6.34 0.51 0.27 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0087 0.0087 0.0000 0.0087 0.0087 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.2663 10 5.4417 29 4.540000 0.6667 25 0.2406 85 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 64 64 2 64 64

### D45 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0016 0.0029 0.0016 0.0015 0.0000 415 0.10 4.65 0.40 0.08 0.0053 0.0030 0.0053 0.0042 0.0000 496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0011 0.0008 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 340 0.12 3.91 0.56 0.17 0.0395 0.0253 0.0395 0.0267 0.0000 300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0053 0.0023 0.0053 0.0053 0.0000 395 0.51 6.48 2.14 0.16 0.0759 0.2081 0.0759 0.0852 0.0000 300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0071 0.0107 0.0071 0.0075 0.0000 330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0087 0.0154 0.0087 0.0079 0.0000 397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0039 0.0040 0.0039 0.0032 0.0000 362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.2706 0.2327 0.2706 0.2574 0.0000 322 0.15 3.98 0.75 0.19 0.0379 0.0306 0.0379 0.0261 0.0000 455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0053 0.0034 0.0053 0.0050 0.0000 599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.1111 0.0239 0.1111 0.1268 0.0000 535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0087 0.0037 0.0087 0.0087 0.0000 350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.0869 0.1010 0.0869 0.0982 0.0000 430 0.14 6.29 0.34 0.13 0.0290 0.0221 0.0290 0.0316 0.0000 525 0.16 6.52 0.65 0.16 0.0158 0.0139 0.0158 0.0179 0.0000 440 0.11 6.38 0.35 0.13 0.0200 0.0117 0.0200 0.0221 0.0000 336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0103 0.0077 0.0103 0.0097 0.0000 422 0.15 4.97 0.40 0.11 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000 449 0.14 5.10 5.24 0.50 0.15 0.0005 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 1.0000 308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0021 0.0031 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000 335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0006 0.0009 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 563 0.14 5.11 0.40 0.11 0.0016 0.0012 0.0016 0.0014 0.0000 543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0116 0.0139 0.0116 0.0114 0.0000 305 0.09 6.00 0.99 0.13 0.0104 0.0052 0.0104 0.0108 0.0000 325 0.10 6.51 0.51 0.13 0.0235 0.0130 0.0235 0.0265 0.0000 315 0.28 5.20 0.70 0.17 0.0358 0.0545 0.0358 0.0322 0.0000 329 0.24 6.60 0.84 0.17 0.0037 0.0048 0.0037 0.0042 0.0000 590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 335 0.26 6.17 1.05 0.32 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0145 0.0187 0.0145 0.0158 0.0000 326 0.50 4.04 0.43 0.14 0.0048 0.0130 0.0048 0.0034 0.0000 493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.22 0.0029 0.0025 0.0029 0.0021 0.0000 493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 334 0.25 5.58 0.31 0.18 0.0284 0.0387 0.0284 0.0275 0.0000 322 0.23 3.99 0.41 0.20 0.0009 0.0011 0.0009 0.0006 0.0000 375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0055 0.0066 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0047 0.0044 0.0047 0.0050 0.0000 330 0.21 6.39 0.44 0.20 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0000 571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0032 0.0052 0.0032 0.0022 0.0000 475 0.28 4.09 0.46 0.15 0.0032 0.0048 0.0032 0.0022 0.0000 542 0.32 3.80 0.56 0.19 0.0032 0.0054 0.0032 0.0021 0.0000 327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0032 0.0038 0.0032 0.0035 0.0000 327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0032 0.0041 0.0032 0.0033 0.0000 460 0.19 3.35 0.33 0.05 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000

### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D46 335 0.43 4.29 0.81 0.12 0.0013 0.0029 0.0013 0.0009 0.0000 330 0.05 5.33 0.43 0.21 0.0405 0.0115 0.0405 0.0374 0.0000 313 0.27 6.26 0.31 0.06 0.0148 0.0214 0.0148 0.0161 0.0000 381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0289 0.0324 0.0289 0.0328 0.0000 496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0016 0.0011 0.0016 0.0017 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.1860 24 5.7702 60 5.24000 0 1.2545 46 0.2031 48 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 51 51 1 51 51



### Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) 600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1743 0.1743 0.1743 0.1743 740 0.05 5.68 1.57 0.25 0.2823 0.2823 0.2823 0.2823 730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.0892 0.0892 0.0892 0.0892 740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423 600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1598 0.1598 0.1598 0.1598 630 0.16 4.46 0.66 0.18 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 641 0.19 5.98 1.05 0.23 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0112 0.0112 0.0112 0.0112 750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589 750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818 750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.0357 0.0357 0.0357 0.0357 684 0.19 5.98 0.68 0.22 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 671 0.48 6.63 0.52 0.16 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 Sales-wgt EF 0.126821 5.790567 1.368105 0.225632 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 15 15 15 15

### D47 Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.) >750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 800 0.03 6.19 0.36 0.10 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321 758 0.07 5.26 1.07 0.16 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 1082 0.04 5.96 0.70 0.15 0.0555 0.0555 0.0555 0.0555 1850 0.16 5.89 1.10 0.31 0.0658 0.0658 0.0658 0.0658 2750 0.14 6.18 1.31 0.17 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 2000 0.31 5.91 1.49 0.25 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 1250 0.20 6.51 0.51 0.13 0.4683 0.4683 0.4683 0.4683 1500 0.54 6.24 0.87 0.27 0.2120 0.2120 0.2120 0.2120 1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 899 0.21 6.02 0.53 0.15 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 1230 0.12 6.03 0.67 0.26 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 1874 0.38 6.15 1.36 0.15 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 1207 0.23 5.45 1.26 0.24 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 1026 0.26 5.07 0.70 0.18 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 2346 0.40 6.04 1.39 0.26 0.0198 0.0198 0.0198 0.0198 Sales-wgt EF 0.259060 6.252638 0.727419 0.183308 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 16 16 16 16

### D48 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data 0-11 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

9 6.70 4.70 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0426 0.0426 0.0426 10 3.36 1.04 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 7 3.82 2.11 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0106 0.0106 0.0106 7 3.77 2.95 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355 11 5.45 4.10 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284 0.0284 10 5.23 1.68 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0248 0.0248 0.0248 7 1.59 4.67 6.26 3.81 0.44 0.253454 0.2013 0.2013 0.0106 0.0106 0.0106 8 4.09 1.09 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 4 0.78 5.18 5.96 3.93 0.66 0.131414 0.1409 0.1409 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 7 0.71 4.82 5.53 3.83 0.57 0.128205 0.1477 0.1477 0.0078 0.0078 0.0078 8 0.58 5.74 6.32 3.29 0.45 0.091981 0.1409 0.1409 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 10 5.49 3.86 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075 11 0.57 5.10 5.67 3.18 0.54 0.101183 0.3691 0.3691 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 4 6.61 5.00 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.2768 0.2768 0.2768 7 6.25 5.03 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.1821 0.1821 0.1821 10 6.30 3.84 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.2425 0.2425 0.2425 7 6.57 3.61 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0234 0.0234 0.0234 10 3.72 1.91 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0554 0.0554 0.0554 9 3.88 3.84 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114Saleswgt EF 

### 0.8283 78 5.0737 63 6.0188 91 4.1740 66 0.4420 10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 5 5 19 19 19 0.141247

Calc HC* 

### 0.8501 53
Calc NOx* 

### 5.1687 38

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D49 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

19 5.02 1.36 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 17 0.58 3.79 4.37 3.82 0.57 0.131868 0.0312 0.0312 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 25 0.45 4.07 4.52 3.09 0.38 0.099558 0.1248 0.1248 0.0143 0.0143 0.0143 16 0.60 3.61 4.21 2.31 0.10 0.141844 0.0062 0.0062 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 21 0.30 3.77 4.07 1.72 0.20 0.073394 0.0312 0.0312 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 17 5.26 1.69 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 18 5.15 0.77 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 23 3.98 1.08 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 11 4.88 1.88 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 17 4.38 2.36 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 12 5.54 2.57 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 18 4.96 1.10 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0301 0.0301 0.0301 21 3.68 1.34 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 24 3.54 1.06 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 24 5.67 1.66 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 19 3.40 0.99 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031 0.0031 0.0031 18 0.17 5.59 5.76 0.97 0.54 0.028849 0.0027 0.0027 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 17 0.10 3.48 3.58 0.56 0.33 0.027933 0.2702 0.2702 0.0309 0.0309 0.0309 25 0.11 3.38 3.49 0.56 0.30 0.030399 0.1179 0.1179 0.0135 0.0135 0.0135 12 5.53 2.77 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.3563 0.3563 0.3563 20 5.66 2.23 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0107 0.0107 0.0107 23 4.30 1.73 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.2138 0.2138 0.2138 22 4.66 1.50 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0356 0.0356 0.0356 16 0.60 3.61 4.21 2.31 0.10 0.142113 0.0031 0.0031 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 19 0.98 4.38 5.36 3.78 0.25 0.182132 0.1373 0.1373 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157 18 1.03 5.04 6.05 3.50 0.41 0.169964 0.0811 0.0811 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093 21 0.30 3.77 4.07 1.72 0.20 0.073154 0.0343 0.0343 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 21 4.10 2.24 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 17 3.62 1.57 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 23 5.34 0.68 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 15 0.72 5.29 6.02 3.70 0.43 0.120198 0.0137 0.0137 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 15 0.43 5.70 6.12 2.41 0.39 0.069428 0.0137 0.0137 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 16 0.57 5.62 6.19 3.00 0.37 0.092771 0.0069 0.0069 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 22 0.77 5.17 5.94 3.04 0.45 0.129397 0.0630 0.0630 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072 22 0.37 5.17 5.53 1.58 0.32 0.066038 0.0624 0.0624 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 12 5.03 2.95 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 16 4.46 2.98 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0323 0.0323 0.0323 12 3.17 1.47 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355 19 4.29 1.28 0.08 0.0000 0.0000 0.0217 0.0217 0.0217 22 3.47 2.27 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0276 0.0276 0.0276 24 5.63 0.90 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0351 0.0351 0.0351 17 4.88 1.55 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 18 3.24 1.91 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043Saleswgt EF 

### 0.4478 31 4.1095 21 4.8069 20 2.1148 84 0.2429 92 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D50 Sample

Size 16 16 43 43 43 0.09869

Calc HC* 

### 0.4743 95
Calc NOx* 

### 4.3325 25

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D51 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

42 6.52 3.35 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 25 5.31 1.49 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 28 4.92 1.56 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 49 4.93 0.92 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 33 0.11 4.65 4.77 0.98 0.25 0.023474 0.0149 0.0116 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 38 0.26 3.59 3.85 0.92 0.19 0.067829 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 30 0.16 4.00 4.17 1.17 0.26 0.039356 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 26 0.29 3.02 3.31 1.33 0.15 0.087838 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 28 0.00 7.02 1.48 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0350 0.0349 0.0349 43 0.00 6.89 2.10 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0119 0.0119 0.0119 48 0.00 6.82 1.99 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0110 0.0110 0.0110 35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 39 6.39 1.87 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 47 6.37 1.24 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 25 4.35 0.64 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 30 3.86 0.83 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 29 4.11 1.54 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0156 0.0156 0.0156 33 3.13 1.00 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0495 0.0495 0.0495 35 4.21 0.85 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0204 0.0204 0.0204 28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 39 4.35 1.89 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 28 0.13 4.23 4.36 1.33 0.54 0.029817 0.0417 0.0324 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 33 0.55 4.81 5.36 2.62 0.47 0.102612 0.1204 0.0935 0.0132 0.0131 0.0131 37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.58 0.041678 0.0459 0.0356 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 37 0.67 6.00 6.67 3.55 0.42 0.10051 0.0361 0.0280 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 27 0.11 4.52 4.63 0.57 0.31 0.023758 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 37 0.82 4.27 5.09 3.10 0.37 0.1611 0.0387 0.0301 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.46 0.021308 0.0051 0.0039 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 49 0.51 4.59 5.10 2.85 0.50 0.1 0.0605 0.0470 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 35 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017234 0.0566 0.0440 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 45 0.75 5.33 6.08 2.40 0.29 0.123355 0.0548 0.0426 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.4172 0.3240 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456 46 0.04 3.75 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.010554 0.0038 0.0029 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 34 0.14 3.66 3.80 0.98 0.50 0.036842 0.0459 0.0356 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0015 0.0012 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 48 0.64 6.36 7.00 1.46 0.31 0.091429 0.0042 0.0032 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 30 1.41 0.62 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0326 0.0325 0.0325 26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065 31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 42 3.84 0.78 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163 0.0163 26 4.46 0.95 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0651 0.0651 0.0651 44 5.37 1.10 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D52 33 5.52 1.71 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0326 0.0325 0.0325 31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0391 0.0390 0.0390 38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.1628 0.1627 0.1627 49 5.95 1.93 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 38 5.99 1.58 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 48 4.63 0.93 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 35 3.69 3.83 1.40 0.29 0.0000 0.0231 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 40 3.36 3.54 0.95 0.21 0.0000 0.0231 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0136 0.0105 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 38 0.26 3.59 3.85 0.93 0.19 0.068327 0.0006 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 26 0.29 3.02 3.31 1.33 0.15 0.088659 0.0012 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 25 0.59 4.87 5.47 1.88 0.29 0.108272 0.0143 0.0111 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 33 0.23 4.10 4.33 0.74 0.23 0.054045 0.0104 0.0081 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 36 5.26 5.58 1.87 0.28 0.0000 0.0116 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 35 6.03 2.07 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 31 4.68 1.10 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 41 5.65 2.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 42 6.35 1.01 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 30 5.12 1.98 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 42 3.24 0.94 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 45 5.62 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 49 4.00 0.64 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 43 5.12 1.98 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 35 6.27 2.35 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 44 6.19 1.09 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 34 3.53 3.55 1.22 0.53 0.0000 0.0127 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 49 3.20 3.31 1.29 0.40 0.0000 0.0694 0.0098 0.0098 0.0098 47 5.44 5.83 1.86 0.44 0.0000 0.0509 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072 43 6.35 2.33 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 30 6.09 1.99 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 26 5.45 2.00 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097 25 5.53 2.91 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 25 5.91 3.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0476 0.0476 0.0476 41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 37 5.40 1.73 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 25 6.01 3.03 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0272 0.0272 0.0272 25 6.09 3.03 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of HC+NOx* HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D53 30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0110 0.0110 0.0110 45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0367 0.0367 0.0367 38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689 46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0063 0.0062 0.0062 41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 30 0.17 4.01 1.17 0.26 0.040139 0.0036 0.0028 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 50 4.85 0.0000 0.0325 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Saleswgt EF 

### 0.4729 17 4.4696 47 4.9529 01 1.5320 28 0.3292 22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 25 35 103 104 104 0.064006

Calc HC* 

### 0.3170 14 Calc NOx 

### * 4.6358 87

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The av erage HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average. Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx). Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

### D54 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 79 5.74 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.81 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.0621 0.0157 0.0591 0.0608 67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.0036 0.0009 0.0034 0.0035 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.46 0.0888 0.0224 0.0844 0.0869 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0855 0.0216 0.0813 0.0837 56 0.62 5.83 1.63 0.41 0.0339 0.0086 0.0322 0.0332 75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0586 0.0148 0.0557 0.0573 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0004 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 62 6.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 57 6.20 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 55 5.80 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 59 6.56 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 84 5.74 0.0000 0.0478 0.0000 0.0000 59 0.89 8.82 3.55 0.84 0.1563 0.0395 0.1486 0.1530 78 0.48 5.36 1.92 0.35 0.0858 0.0217 0.0816 0.0840 81 0.33 6.35 2.33 0.38 0.0154 0.0039 0.0147 0.0151 74 5.90 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 59 5.90 0.0000 0.0205 0.0000 0.0000 82 5.44 0.0000 0.0661 0.0000 0.0000 65 5.80 0.0000 0.0179 0.0000 0.0000 58 6.39 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 87 6.39 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 83 6.56 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 65 6.20 0.0000 0.0143 0.0000 0.0000 84 6.79 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 79 6.32 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.38 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 56 4.98 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 78 6.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 51 4.86 1.51 0.0000 0.0022 0.0084 0.0000 60 4.06 1.73 0.0000 0.0022 0.0084 0.0000 52 4.59 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000 50 3.43 0.0000 0.0094 0.0000 0.0000 52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0107 0.0027 0.0101 0.0104 51 1.44 5.79 3.90 0.38 0.0179 0.0045 0.0170 0.0175 54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0100 0.0025 0.0095 0.0098 51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0008 0.0002 0.0008 0.0008 55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0134 0.0034 0.0127 0.0131 64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0042 0.0011 0.0040 0.0041 76 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.51 0.0092 0.0023 0.0087 0.0090 51 0.41 5.34 2.22 0.64 0.0386 0.0098 0.0367 0.0378

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D55 56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0048 0.0012 0.0046 0.0047 83 0.49 4.80 0.76 0.34 0.0065 0.0016 0.0061 0.0063 91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0172 0.0043 0.0163 0.0168 79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0248 0.0063 0.0236 0.0243 86 0.46 4.98 0.83 0.38 0.0012 0.0003 0.0011 0.0012 86 0.35 5.09 0.67 0.21 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 59 6.65 0.0000 0.0333 0.0000 0.0000 51 0.05 3.56 0.75 0.20 0.0097 0.0024 0.0092 0.0095 74 0.49 3.77 3.00 0.52 0.0008 0.0002 0.0008 0.0008 74 0.76 4.70 2.06 0.32 0.0161 0.0041 0.0153 0.0158 80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0018 0.0004 0.0017 0.0017 99 0.28 4.15 0.76 0.25 0.0133 0.0034 0.0127 0.0130 98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0040 0.0010 0.0038 0.0039 56 0.62 5.83 1.63 0.41 0.0019 0.0005 0.0018 0.0018 59 4.37 0.0000 0.0367 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.12 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 51 4.72 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 56 4.18 0.0000 0.0245 0.0000 0.0000 89 4.79 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 73 4.93 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 86 5.42 0.0000 0.0082 0.0000 0.0000 93 4.71 0.0000 0.0082 0.0000 0.0000 72 4.31 0.0000 0.0151 0.0000 0.0000 54 0.54 6.31 2.42 0.0085 0.0021 0.0081 0.0000 59 3.34 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 51 4.78 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.95 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000 51 3.91 0.0000 0.0031 0.0000 0.0000 54 2.62 0.0000 0.0039 0.0000 0.0000 63 5.06 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 95 5.58 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 57 4.46 0.0000 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 51 5.35 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 87 5.92 0.0000 0.0056 0.0000 0.0000 55 2.91 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 81 5.87 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 92 5.10 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.32 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000 72 5.14 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 89 6.40 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 67 0.22 5.71 1.01 0.54 0.0934 0.0236 0.0888 0.0914 92 0.35 6.16 1.22 0.29 0.0638 0.0161 0.0606 0.0624 55 2.62 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 85 2.18 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 59 5.90 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.58 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0000

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D56 79 6.16 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0000 55 3.22 0.0000 0.0090 0.0000 0.0000 52 6.62 0.0000 0.0080 0.0000 0.0000 64 5.13 0.0000 0.0037 0.0000 0.0000 60 6.06 0.0000 0.0212 0.0000 0.0000 96 5.09 0.0000 0.1081 0.0000 0.0000 68 5.85 0.0000 0.0551 0.0000 0.0000 52 5.97 0.0000 0.0347 0.0000 0.0000 68 6.34 0.0000 0.0347 0.0000 0.0000 80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0043 0.0011 0.0041 0.0042 80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0051 0.0013 0.0048 0.0050 59 3.58 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 89 5.10 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 94 5.75 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 50 5.80 1.78 0.46 0.0000 0.0002 0.0008 0.0009 74 0.05 4.00 0.25 0.20 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 82 0.07 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0113 0.0029 0.0107 0.0111 60 5.87 3.96 0.31 0.0000 0.0004 0.0015 0.0016 58 6.27 1.32 0.27 0.0000 0.0015 0.0058 0.0059 59 5.59 0.96 0.45 0.0000 0.0003 0.0013 0.0013 75 3.87 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 58 3.91 0.0000 0.0017 0.0000 0.0000 54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 67 4.89 0.0000 0.0135 0.0000 0.0000 80 4.80 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 56 5.23 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 58 5.12 0.0000 0.0037 0.0000 0.0000 60 4.12 0.0000 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000 70 5.59 0.0000 0.0117 0.0000 0.0000 57 5.72 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 95 5.10 0.0000 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000 100 5.73 0.0000 0.0144 0.0000 0.0000 50 0.52 4.77 5.28 1.94 0.33 0.0121 0.0031 0.3000 0.0115 0.0118 65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0040 0.0010 0.1000 0.0038 0.0000 79 5.98 6.61 1.71 0.37 0.0000 0.0061 0.6000 0.0230 0.0237 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.5758 67 5.6045 15 5.9769 57 2.3143 72 0.5068 24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 40 127 3 47 43

### D57 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 173 0.33 6.37 0.78 0.11 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 108 6.47 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 143 6.09 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0857 0.0682 0.0856 0.0863 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0057 0.0045 0.0057 0.0058 118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0021 0.0017 0.0021 0.0021 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1029 0.0819 0.1027 0.1035 110 6.06 0.0000 0.0039 0.0000 0.0000 165 6.24 0.0000 0.0303 0.0000 0.0000 166 4.95 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 155 0.15 4.25 1.91 0.22 0.0072 0.0057 0.0072 0.0072 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1247 0.0992 0.1244 0.1255 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0623 0.0496 0.0622 0.0627 118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0023 0.0018 0.0023 0.0023 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0935 0.0744 0.0933 0.0941 158 6.53 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.41 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 144 4.97 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2824 0.2248 0.2819 0.2842 168 6.26 0.0000 0.0105 0.0000 0.0000 109 6.32 0.53 0.13 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 158 6.70 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000 0.0000 119 0.58 6.20 0.63 0.17 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 121 0.49 4.30 1.23 0.28 0.0011 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 134 0.34 4.30 1.00 0.24 0.0050 0.0040 0.0050 0.0050 103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0059 0.0047 0.0059 0.0059 153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0078 0.0062 0.0078 0.0079 164 0.47 4.67 1.06 0.23 0.0017 0.0014 0.0017 0.0017 139 0.52 4.30 1.25 0.19 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 106 6.01 0.0000 0.0426 0.0000 0.0000 144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0457 0.0364 0.0456 0.0460 125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0114 0.0091 0.0114 0.0115 155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0571 0.0455 0.0570 0.0575 125 5.74 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000 114 5.42 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 151 5.60 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.50 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 144 5.80 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 114 6.35 0.0000 0.0113 0.0000 0.0000 113 4.41 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 132 6.05 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000 173 5.79 0.0000 0.0017 0.0000 0.0000 108 0.16 6.25 0.43 0.26 0.0407 0.0324 0.0406 0.0410 116 0.57 6.43 1.45 0.33 0.0050 0.0040 0.0050 0.0051 168 0.42 5.85 0.76 0.27 0.0199 0.0159 0.0199 0.0200

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D58 118 6.30 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 120 5.55 0.0000 0.0178 0.0000 0.0000 103 6.19 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0000 172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.17 0.0094 0.0074 0.0093 0.0094 115 5.77 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000 152 5.82 0.0000 0.0372 0.0000 0.0000 103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0015 0.0012 0.0015 0.0015 114 6.39 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 127 5.38 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 117 6.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 172 6.23 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 122 0.07 3.93 0.42 0.14 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.34 0.0049 0.0039 0.0049 0.0050 100 6.27 0.87 0.33 0.0000 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 142 5.92 1.33 0.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 138 6.68 0.0000 0.0019 0.0000 0.0000 161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0082 0.0065 0.0082 0.0000 116 5.82 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 0.355107 5.574714 1.003922 0.289340 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample Size 34 69 37 36

### D59 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

272 0.32 6.24 0.62 0.10 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0045 0.0045 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045 240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 240 0.07 4.06 0.50 0.16 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0064 0.0064 0.0000 0.0063 0.0063 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0151 0.0151 0.0000 0.0149 0.0149 210 0.20 5.89 1.49 0.33 0.0092 0.0092 0.0000 0.0091 0.0091 275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0024 0.0024 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.29 0.0143 0.0143 0.0000 0.0141 0.0141 290 0.09 5.46 2.19 0.35 0.0016 0.0016 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 205 0.39 5.95 1.19 0.31 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 190 0.55 5.64 1.44 0.32 0.0227 0.0227 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225 240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0753 0.0753 0.0000 0.0745 0.0745 189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0376 0.0376 0.0000 0.0372 0.0372 260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0205 0.0205 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0753 0.0753 0.0000 0.0745 0.0745 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074 240 0.07 4.06 0.50 0.16 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0013 0.0013 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0013 0.0013 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 255 0.36 6.45 0.72 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0042 0.0042 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0097 0.0097 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.4205 0.4205 0.0000 0.4161 0.4161 199 0.27 5.70 1.05 0.32 0.0147 0.0147 0.0000 0.0146 0.0146 294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.0640 0.0640 0.0000 0.0633 0.0633 285 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.22 0.0164 0.0164 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163 216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.28 0.0458 0.0458 0.0000 0.0453 0.0453 285 0.47 4.59 0.73 0.26 0.0287 0.0287 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284 237 0.78 6.32 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 189 0.43 6.65 1.04 0.34 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 194 0.31 6.28 0.81 0.17 0.0083 0.0083 0.0000 0.0083 0.0083 288 0.62 6.62 1.69 0.36 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 210 0.09 5.16 0.90 0.11 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020

### Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt



### D60 250 0.09 5.29 0.44 0.05 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 215 0.10 6.30 0.50 0.07 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 197 0.33 4.42 0.71 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 241 0.21 4.14 0.67 0.17 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074 189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074 240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0045 0.0045 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045 280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0030 0.0030 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 283 0.14 4.25 0.43 0.17 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 262 0.17 5.84 0.57 0.21 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 285 0.06 5.93 0.60 0.09 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 215 0.04 4.10 0.51 0.16 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034 197 0.33 5.07 0.76 0.18 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 251 0.23 5.59 0.42 0.11 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0020 0.0020 0.0000 0.0019 0.0019 298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 212 0.29 6.41 0.40 0.14 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 286 0.22 5.35 1.24 0.37 0.0083 0.0083 0.0000 0.0082 0.0082 208 0.15 4.28 0.52 0.26 0.0051 0.0051 0.0000 0.0050 0.0050 202 0.28 6.00 1.05 0.33 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.29 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0007 0.0007 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.37 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.22 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0026 0.0026 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 279 4.18 0.73 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.8977 0.0102 0.0102 275 0.11 4.02 4.13 0.80 0.16 0.0002 0.0002 0.0209 0.0002 0.0002 185 0.54 4.19 4.73 0.93 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0132 0.0001 0.0001 245 4.55 0.45 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0359 0.0004 0.0004 295 0.22 4.08 4.29 0.60 0.13 0.0003 0.0003 0.0299 0.0003 0.0003 268 0.30 4.00 4.47 0.66 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.3147 65 5.5065 45 4.2032 95 0.7446 33 0.2666 22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 86 86 6 88 88

### D61 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) (Tier 2 for this hp category) 300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

325 4.56 1.52 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0516 0.0516 0.0516 439 3.75 1.19 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589 515 3.58 1.14 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0521 0.0521 0.0521 593 4.08 0.58 0.10 0.0000 0.0000 0.2080 0.2080 0.2080 475 4.14 0.99 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0460 0.0460 0.0460 325 4.56 1.52 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0516 0.0516 0.0516 449 0.10 3.80 3.91 0.37 0.10 0.0036 0.0036 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 422 0.14 4.09 4.24 0.35 0.10 0.0279 0.0279 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082 322 0.13 4.37 4.50 0.44 0.11 0.0110 0.0110 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 333 0.15 4.38 4.53 0.53 0.14 0.6951 0.6951 0.2042 0.2042 0.2042 300 4.53 0.82 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 350 4.71 0.77 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 500 4.75 1.30 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.1467 0.1467 0.1467 500 4.61 0.48 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0258 0.0258 0.0258 300 0.06 4.02 4.08 0.59 0.13 0.0239 0.0239 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 317 0.39 4.19 4.58 0.80 0.15 0.0150 0.0150 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 321 0.17 4.22 4.39 0.52 0.14 0.0389 0.0389 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114 483 0.16 4.23 4.39 0.46 0.13 0.0235 0.0235 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 360 0.12 4.47 4.59 0.63 0.09 0.0030 0.0030 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 326 0.50 4.04 4.54 0.43 0.14 0.0022 0.0022 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 456 0.15 4.37 4.52 0.57 0.10 0.0070 0.0070 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 481 0.10 4.44 4.53 0.43 0.08 0.0036 0.0036 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 322 4.34 0.65 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 410 4.40 0.30 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0264 0.0264 0.0264 508 4.20 0.30 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 572 4.53 0.86 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 503 4.50 0.93 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 571 4.29 0.48 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 475 4.38 0.46 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 595 4.20 0.63 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 367 4.55 0.45 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 493 4.49 0.71 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 493 4.49 0.71 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 324 0.22 4.30 4.53 0.47 0.08 0.0100 0.0100 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 375 0.25 4.29 4.54 0.48 0.08 0.1354 0.1354 0.0398 0.0398 0.0398 Sales-wgt EF 

### 0.1669 24 4.3351 13 4.34534 8 0.8424 60 0.1315 81 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Sample

Size 14 14 35 35 35

### D62 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) 600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.0276 0.0276 0.0000 0.0192 0.0192 742 0.04 6.27 0.52 0.10 0.0408 0.0408 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284 654 0.04 6.21 1.58 0.25 0.1192 0.1192 0.0000 0.0829 0.0829 730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.1159 0.1159 0.0000 0.0806 0.0806 740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0850 0.0850 0.0000 0.0591 0.0591 670 0.25 6.53 1.27 0.36 0.0795 0.0795 0.0000 0.0553 0.0553 710 0.27 6.63 2.31 0.30 0.0552 0.0552 0.0000 0.0384 0.0384 641 0.19 5.98 1.05 0.23 0.0353 0.0353 0.0000 0.0246 0.0246 740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0839 0.0839 0.0000 0.0583 0.0583 684 0.19 5.98 0.68 0.22 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 671 0.48 6.63 0.52 0.16 0.0221 0.0221 0.0000 0.0153 0.0153 747 0.22 4.50 0.76 0.09 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 680 3.89 0.33 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.7192 0.3047 0.3047 601 0.13 4.19 4.32 0.22 0.12 0.1049 0.1049 0.1721 0.0729 0.0729 750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0121 0.0121 0.0000 0.0084 0.0084 750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.1413 0.1413 0.0000 0.0982 0.0982 630 0.12 3.87 3.99 0.87 0.18 0.0662 0.0662 0.1087 0.0460 0.0460 Sales-wgt EF 0.13806 5 5.61241 8 3.975047 0.88330 5 0.18377 3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 16 16 3 17 17

### D63 Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) >750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt 758 0.07 5.26 1.07 0.16 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 891 0.05 6.22 0.73 0.14 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 1850 0.16 5.89 1.09 0.30 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 2250 0.16 6.43 1.28 0.20 0.0395 0.0395 0.0395 0.0395 755 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0599 0.0599 0.0599 0.0599 1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 2000 0.31 5.91 1.49 0.25 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 1110 0.23 6.03 0.55 0.14 0.4402 0.4402 0.4402 0.4402 1500 0.54 6.24 0.87 0.27 0.2677 0.2677 0.2677 0.2677 1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 899 0.21 6.02 0.53 0.15 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088 1230 0.12 6.03 0.67 0.26 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 811 0.27 6.24 1.05 0.21 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 1874 0.38 6.15 1.36 0.15 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 878 0.34 5.96 0.89 0.14 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 1207 0.23 5.45 1.26 0.24 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 1026 0.26 5.07 0.70 0.18 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 2346 0.40 6.04 1.39 0.26 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 Sales-wgt EF 0.313093 6.052394 0.800887 0.203589 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Sample

Size 18 18 18 18

### E1 HCCM HS AHC
HS i j ij ij

i,j , , , 

### = − 

### Appendix E Derivation of Highway-Certification Compliance Margins and Application to Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Here below, we describe the derivation of the highway-certification compliance margins (HCCMs) in greater detail. The highway certification results used for this purpose in derivation of Tier 2/3 emission f actors (option 4) are summarized in a report updating emission levels for heavy-duty highway diesel engines for use in MOBILE6 (1). The report presents results for light, medium, and heavy vehicle classes in model years 1988-1989 and 1991-1994. For this analysis, we supplemented these certification data with more recent highway certification data from model years 1997-2001.

We used the highway certification results to calculate compliance margins (HCCM) for some highway engines for MY 1988-2001. The procedure followed several steps ( refer to Table E1):

(1) We assigned highway model-year groups, (e.g., 1991-93) to each nonroad horsepower category (e.g., 50-100 hp). These assignments vary for each pollutant and individual horsepower category. The assignments attempt to associate similar highway and nonroad engine technologies. We averaged results for multiple years within a model-year group.

(2) We assigned nonroad engines less than 50 horsepower to the light heavy-duty diesel vehicle weight class (LHDD), engines in the range of 50-250 hp to the medium heavy-duty diesel vehicle we ight class (MHDD), and engines greater than 250 hp to the heavy heavy-duty diesel vehicle weight class (HHDD). Within a model-year group, these assignments identified subsets of certification data to represent specific nonroad horsepower categories. Correspondence between highway weight class (light-duty, medium-duty, heavy-duty) and nonroad horsepower categories follows relationships established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB 2000).

(3) We used the highway certification data described above and assigned to the appropriate nonroad horsepower categories to calculate compliance margins for highway engines at certification:

where HCCM i,j 

### , HS i,j 

### and AHC i,j 

### are the highway-certification compliance margin, highway standard and average certification emissions level, respectively, for pollutant i , and horsepower category j (e.g., NO

x 

### , 50-100 hp).

### E2 While we calculated the highway-certification compliance margins for all pollutants and horsepower categories, note that Table E1 presents results only for NO

x 

### and PM. We do not present compliance margins for HC and CO because the margins were higher than 80 percent. As a result, we did not use them to estimate HC and CO Tier 2/3 emission factors.

References

(1) EPA, “Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in MOBILE6,” EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.

### E3 Table E1. Highway-Certification Compliance Margins by Horsepower Category

Nonroad Engine Power Categories (hp) Highway ModelYear Group

(MYG) Corresponding Heavy-Duty Highway Vehicle Weight Class (VWC), Emission Standards (HS), Certification Test Results (AHC) and Compliance Margins (HCCM)



### NO
x
VWC 1 HS (g/hp-hr) AHC 2 (g/hp-hr) HCCM (% HS)

< 11 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

11-25 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

25-50 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

50-100 1991-93 MHDD 5.0 4.54 9.0

100-175 1998-2003 MHDD 4.0 3.78 5.5

175-300 1998-2003 MHDD 4.0 3.58 10.5

300-600 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.92 2.0

600-750 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.84 4.0

>750 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.84 4.0



### PM

< 11 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

11-25 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

25-50 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

50-100 1991-93 MHDD 0.25 0.20 20

100-175 1991-93 MHDD 0.25 0.20 20

175-300 1994-97 MHDD 0.10 0.08 20

300-600 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

600-750 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

>750 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

1 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “mediu m heavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2 Source: USEPA (1999), for NO
x , Table 10 or MY 1997-2001 highway certification data; for PM, Table 11 or MY 1997-2001highway certification data.

### F1 Appendix F Derivation of Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Nonroad engines often operate under conditions unlike that of the steady-state ISO-C1 testing procedure typically used in emissions testing. This alternate operation can cause a change in the emission characteristics of nonroad compression ignition (CI) engines. As in NEVES, the NONROAD model accounts for in-use (transient) operation in CI engines by applying an adjustment to emission factors generated using the ISO-C1 (8-mode) steady-state tests. Unlike NEVES, the NONROAD model uses transient adjustment factors derived from emission testing designed to represent operational behavior of nonroad equipment. Note that the transient adjustments are not applied by the NONROAD model, but are applied by EPA during the creation of the NONROAD emission factor input files.

TAFs are applied to the Base, Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 emission factors. Since transient emission control is expected to be an integral part of all Tier 4 engine design considerations, TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0).

Development of Transient Adjustment Factors

In NEVES, EPA adjusted the ISO-C1-derived emission factor data available at the time to account for in-use operation by applying a set of multipliers. These factors were derived from a comparison of only a few engines tested with both the ISO-C1 test procedure and the highway Federal Test Procedure (FTP). (1) These factors shown in Table F1 were applied in NEVES only to engines used in applications judged to be sufficiently transient in nature.

Table F1. NEVES Test Cycle Adjust ment from ISO-C1 Emission Factors

NEVES Adjustment HC CO NO
x 

### PM

1.4 2.0 1 1.6

NONROAD’s steady-state emission factors for pre-1988 CI engines of greater than 50 hp are based on the emission factors used in the NEVES. As a result, the NEVES in-use adjustments were removed to determine pre-1988 average steady-state emissions for these engines. The TAFs described below are then applied consistently to all the steady-state emission factors in NONROAD, including the NEVES-derived steady-state emission factors.

Since it was recognized that the highway test procedure may not simulate engine

### F2 

## TAF EF
EF

trans

ss 

## = behavior when used in nonroad applications, a joint EMA\EPA project was initiated to develop more realistic test cycles for nonroad engine emissions characterization. The project developed cycles to represent typical operation of an agricultural tractor, a crawler dozer, and a backhoe\loader. The cycles were developed from data acquired from instrumenting one piece of each type of equipment. This data was used to construct appropriate test cycles from statistical cr iteria developed by EMA and EPA. SouthwestResearch Institute (SwRI) then tested nine late-model nonroad engines using the steadystate ISO-C1 certification procedure and the three nonroad test cycles. (2) Later testing at SwRI involved three additional engines and four additional cycles (rubber-tire loader, skid-steer loader, arc welder, and excavator cycles). (3) A summary of the cycle specific emission results for each engine is given in Table F2.

For each pollutant and test cycle, we calculate the TAF as the ratio of the transient emission factor (EF trans 

### ) to the corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor (EF
ss 

### ):

Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.

Using the emission data in Table F2, TAFs were calculated for each engine, pollutant, and test cycle. The resulting TAFs for each engine are provided in Table F3. The TAFs for each engine were then averaged to obtain composite TAFs for each of the seven test cycles. These are also shown in Table F3 along with the standard deviations. TAFs for Tier 0 and Tier 1 engines were combined, since they were not statistically different, based on P values obtaine d from performing the Student’s t -Test.

For this version of NONROAD, the seven average cycle TAFs were further binned into two categories, Hi LF and Lo LF, based on the cycle load factors. We thought this approach would be more defensible, given the limited data available. This approach is also consistent with that used to develop the new load factors in the model. Table F4 shows how the cycle TAFs were binned. When reviewing the cycle load factors, two bins emerged. A high load factor bin consisted of the following cycles: agricultural tractor (LF=0.78), crawler dozer (LF=0.58), rubber-tire loader (LF=0.48), and excavator (LF=0.53). A low load factor bin consisted of the remaining cycles: backhoe/loader (LF=0.21), skid-steer loader (LF=0.23), and arc welder (LF=0.19). The TAFs for the high load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite Hi LF TAF. Similarly, the TAFs for the low load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite Lo LF TAF. As a result, the cycle TAFs were replaced by either a Hi LF TAF or a Lo LF TAF, depending on the cycle assignment.

Table F5 presents the CI TAFs used in draft NONROAD2004. The TAFs are

### F3 carried over from Table F4 with the exception of the Tier 3 TAFs for NO

x 

### and PM. The rationale for the NO

x 

### and PM Tier 3 TAFs is described in detail below.

Transient Emission Control and Implications for Tier 3 NO
x 

### and PM TAFs

The nonroad engine test cycle (for pre- Tier 4 engines) is a weighted 8 modesteady-state emission cycle without a transient test element. This is in contrast to onhighway diesel regulations which are set based on average emissions over a 20 minute transient test and a separate steady-state test. The absence of a transient test allows some additional control flexibilities for nonroad engines not available, or available at a diminished level, for on-highway diesel e ngines. The nonroad engine standards are therefore inherently less restrictive than otherwise equivalent on-highway emission standards, as explained in the following paragraphs.

Transient PM emission control is realized for on-highway diesel engines by limiting fuel injection quantities dependent upon the oxygen content available (the air to fuel ratio, A/F) to burn the fuel. When an on-highway diesel engine transitions from a low load steady-state condition to a higher load it does so by increasing the fuel injection rate and the air induction rate through increases in the intake manifold pressure (i.e. higher boost from the turbocharger) in order to maintain an A/F ratio with acceptable PM emissions. While the fueling rate can be changed almost instantaneously on a diesel engine, it takes a longer amount of time for the turbocharger to increase the air flow due to the inertial lag of the turbocharger and the mass of air. During the transient period when the turbocharger is gradually increasing the air flow, the engine control system limits the addition of fuel in order to prevent excess PM emissions. It is only after the air flow has increased to the proper amount, that the engine control system allows the fueling rate to rise to the level needed to deliver the desired engine torque. This control approach limits transient PM emissions so that the engine will pass the highway transient test. Absent a transient PM emissions test, the engine controller could immediately increase the fueling rate, providing rapid attainment of the desired torque level, but this would also dramatically increase PM emissions. The increase in PM emissions under transient conditions due to the lack of oxygen (low A/F) is exacerbated by the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to limit NO

x 

### emissions. This is because the recirculated gases have a lower oxygen content (the very reason they help to lower NO

x 

### emissions). In order to maintain effective PM emission control with EGR, turbocharger boost levels are increased (more low oxygen content air is forced in to the engine in order to give a total oxygen content similar to without EGR). Because of the higher boost pressure required, transient PM control might be expected to be worse for EGR equipped engines. For highway diesel engines which must meet a transient PM emission standard, these issues are addressed with sophisticated control systems and with the use of advanced turbocharger systems (i.e., variable geometry turbochargers). Absent a transient test procedure, these advanced systems would not necessarily be used.

Similarly, NO

x 

### control for on-highway diesel engines equipped with EGR

### F4 systems are significantly constrained by the transient emission test procedure. When undergoing a transient event as described in the previous example, an EGR emission control system for on-highway engines would briefly turn off EGR in order to increase the fresh air flow to the system in order to limit PM emissions and increase engine torque response. The control system must, however, restore the EGR relatively quickly in order to control NO

x 

### emissions under the highway transient test procedure. Failure to do so would lead to higher NO

x 

### emissions. Absent a transient NO

x 

### standard, the EGR system could be turned off for a long period under transient operation, leading to substantially higher NO

x 

### emissions than what would be expected based upon a steady state emission test level alone. The extent of this increase in NO

x 

### emissions is dependent upon the degree of transient operation (the relative change in engine load). To the extent that load transient are less severe or not extended, the differences in the resulting NO

x 

### emissions would be less evident.

The lack of a transient emission test pro cedure for pre-Tier 4 nonroad engines is a concern to the Agency, because we know that PM emissions realized in use can be significantly higher than the steady-state emission level set by the PM standards. Similarly, we have concerns that NO

x 

### emissions under transient conditions may be higher than indicated by the steady state emissions test and the associated standards. We are therefore working to develop a more comprehensive set of emission test requirements for nonroad engines to include a transient test element. In the absence of such a testprocedure for Tier 3 engines, we believe that it is prudent to try to characterize these inuse emissions by increasing the TAFs applied for NO

x 

### and PM emissions for Tier 3 engines from the level estimated for Tier 2 engines. Since Tier 3 engines are not available to provide test data to establish the level of adjustment required, we have applied engineering judgement to estimate the level of increase in emissions. For PM we have estimated that the TAF will increase by 20 percent due to the lack of a transient test and the inherent reduction in average A/F ratio values due to the use of EGR. Given the highly transient nature of some nonroad diesel engine applications the actual level of increase could be even higher. In the absence of more definitive data we believe that a 20 percent increase in the TAF is appropriate. We intend to investigate this issue further when Tier 3 engines become available for testing. We also believe that the NO

x 

### TAF should be adjusted in a similar manner. For NO

x 

### we believe that a 10 percent increase in the TAF is appropriate given the characteristics of EGR systems as we understand them today. We believe that nonroad engine manufacturers will choose to modulate EGR rates during high load change transient operation in order to limit PM emissions increases. This will lead to an increase in NO

x 

### emission for the period that the EGR rate is modulated below the steady-state level. For example, a 10 percent increase in NO

x 

### emissions could correspond to an EGR rate of zero for 10 percent of the time (a duty cycle of 90 percent moderate transient and steady-state operation and 10 percent highly transient operation) assuming that NO

x 

### emissions double when the EGR flow is zero. For some applications with extreme transient operations it is conceivable that the increase in emission could be even higher. As with PM, we intend to investigate the actual level of NO

x 

### emissions when Tier 3 engines become available.

### F5 Applying In-use Adjustment Factors

To apply the in-use adjustment factors listed in Table F5 to the entire CI equipment population, EPA matched nonroad applications with the test cycle that most closely represents the nonroad activity for the application. Table F6 lists the nonroad applications used in the NONROAD model and the in-use adjustment most representative of that application. If steady-state operati on is typical of an application no adjustment was made, and the cycle adjustment is listed as ‘none’.

Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application. The steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the appropriate in-use adjustment factor to create NONROAD’s emission factor inputs for CI engines.

Comparison with Previous Draft Versions of NONROAD

Table F7 presents a comparison of TAF methodologies used in the various draft versions of NONROAD.

References

(1) EPA, “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Em ission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991

(2) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, “Emission Factors for Compression Ignition Nonroad Engines Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel,” Southwest Research Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.

(3) Starr, M.E., “Nonroad Engine Emissions Testing,” Southwest Research Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0076 and 68-C-98-169, September 1999.

### F6 Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors Engine (reference) Tier Test Cycle HC (g/hp-hr) CO (g/hp-hr) NO
x (g/hp-hr) PM (g/hp-hr) BSFC (lb/hp-hr) Caterpillar 3116 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.07 2.51 9.38 0.406 0.352 Agricultural Tractor 0.04 0.75 9.4 0.28 0.357
Backhoe Loader 0.36 7.47 9.46 0.652 0.411
Crawler Dozer 0.09 7.3 8.7 0.713 0.362 Caterpillar 3054 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.66 1 7.53 0.387 0.393 Agricultural Tractor 0.46 0.47 9.46 0.263 0.377
Backhoe Loader 1.22 3.34 5.45 0.759 0.446
Crawler Dozer 0.51 1.06 8.28 0.384 0.372 John Deere 4039 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.41 2.17 11.22 0.384 0.389 Agricultural Tractor 0.2 0.56 11.7 0.173 0.361
Backhoe Loader 1 2.62 9.57 0.447 0.471
Crawler Dozer 0.33 1.42 11.7 0.254 0.372 John Deere 7076 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.53 2.05 10.22 0.25 0.385 Agricultural Tractor 0.54 0.57 9.45 0.168 0.366
Backhoe Loader 1.13 4.82 14.35 0.522 0.493
Crawler Dozer 0.52 2.22 10.14 0.303 0.37
Consolidated Diesel 6TA-830 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.86 1.5 6.53 0.397 0.365 Agricultural Tractor 0.9 1.07 5.62 0.304 0.377
Backhoe Loader 2.08 9.86 6.69 1.698 0.438
Crawler Dozer 0.83 3.76 6.06 0.805 0.37 John Deere 6619 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.82 4.69 7.29 0.662 0.397 Agricultural Tractor 0.87 1.16 6.77 0.283 0.4
Backhoe Loader 1.99 6.89 8.29 1.102 0.466
Crawler Dozer 0.8 3.31 7.01 0.698 0.398
Consolidated Diesel 4039 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 1.32 3.37 7.57 0.581 0.389 Agricultural Tractor 0.86 2.5 7.28 0.43 0.367
Backhoe Loader 2.89 3.31 6.52 0.725 0.436
Crawler Dozer 1.22 2.1 7.4 0.413 0.364 Caterpillar 3306 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 1.27 1.46 6.52 0.248 0.373 Agricultural Tractor 1.33 0.82 6.46 0.201 0.372
Backhoe Loader 2.3 5.14 7.22 0.813 0.415
Crawler Dozer 1.16 2.7 6.54 0.436 0.37

John Deere 6101 (2) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.47 0.86 5.55 0.186 0.350
Agricultural Tractor 0.50 0.32 4.93 0.125 0.362
Backhoe Loader 1.07 1.92 6.36 0.430 0.434
Crawler Dozer 0.51 1.17 5.25 0.246 0.362 John Deere 6101(same engine) retested (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.50 1.17 5.73 0.219 0.363 Agricultural Tractor 0.46 0.44 5.16 0.130 0.355
Backhoe Loader 0.93 1.90 6.04 0.430 0.419
Crawler Tractor 0.47 1.14 5.50 0.250 0.357

### Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors Engine (reference) Tier Test Cycle HC (g/hp-hr) CO (g/hp-hr) NO
x (g/hp-hr) PM (g/hp-hr) BSFC (lb/hp-hr)



### F7 John Deere 6101 (same engine) retested 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.46 0.95 5.75 0.19 Agricultural Tractor 0.39 0.39 5.24 0.11
Backhoe Loader 0.68 1.58 6.09 0.33
Crawler Dozer 0.37 1.33 5.61 0.24
Excavator 0.67 0.40 4.92 0.171 John Deere 6101 (average of three tests) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.48 0.99 5.68 0.20 0.36 Agricultural Tractor 0.45 0.38 5.11 0.12 0.36
Backhoe Loader 0.89 1.80 6.16 0.40 0.43
Crawler Dozer 0.45 1.21 5.45 0.24 0.36
Excavator 0.67 0.40 4.92 0.171
Caterpillar 3176 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.08 1.78 5.51 0.183 0.333 Agricultural Tractor 0.08 1.47 5.39 0.180 0.330
Backhoe Loader 0.12 4.12 7.20 0.290 0.367
Crawler Dozer 0.06 2.67 5.61 0.230 0.334 MX270 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.11 0.40 4.51 0.096 0.340 Agricultural Tractor 0.06 0.30 4.33 0.090 0.332
Backhoe Loader 0.09 1.30 4.49 0.200 0.382
Crawler Tractor 0.04 0.78 4.11 0.140 0.341 Typ Rubber-Tire 0.07 1.32 4.33 0.180 0.350 Typ Skid-Steer 0.09 0.68 4.15 0.160 0.374 Typ Arc Welder 0.20 1.28 5.39 0.190 0.442 MX240 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.06 0.51 4.32 0.116 0.351 Agricultural Tractor 0.05 0.26 4.02 0.090 0.340
Backhoe Loader 0.12 1.06 4.63 0.200 0.380
Crawler Tractor 0.05 1.04 3.99 0.160 0.342 Typ Rubber-Tire 0.09 2.07 4.18 0.250 0.368 Typ Skid-Steer 0.13 1.00 4.25 0.210 0.379 Typ Arc Welder 0.27 1.65 6.15 0.260 0.451

### F8 Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles
Engine Tier Test Cycle HC CO NO
x PM BSFC

Caterpillar 3116 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.57 0.30 1.00 0.69 1.01 Backhoe Loader 5.14 2.98 1.01 1.61 1.17
Crawler Dozer 1.29 2.91 0.93 1.76 1.03 Caterpillar 3054 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.70 0.47 1.26 0.68 0.96 Backhoe Loader 1.85 3.34 0.72 1.96 1.13
Crawler Dozer 0.77 1.06 1.10 0.99 0.95 John Deere 4039 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.49 0.26 1.04 0.45 0.93
Backhoe Loader 2.44 1.21 0.85 1.16 1.21
Crawler Dozer 0.80 0.65 1.04 0.66 0.96 John Deere 7076 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.02 0.28 0.92 0.67 0.95
Backhoe Loader 2.13 2.35 1.40 2.09 1.28
Crawler Dozer 0.98 1.08 0.99 1.21 0.96
Consolidated Diesel 6TA-830 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.05 0.71 0.86 0.77 1.03
Backhoe Loader 2.42 6.57 1.02 4.28 1.20
Crawler Dozer 0.97 2.51 0.93 2.03 1.01 John Deere 6619 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.06 0.25 0.93 0.43 1.01
Backhoe Loader 2.43 1.47 1.14 1.66 1.17
Crawler Dozer 0.98 0.71 0.96 1.05 1.00
Consolidated Diesel 4039 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.65 0.74 0.96 0.74 0.94
Backhoe Loader 2.19 0.98 0.86 1.25 1.12
Crawler Dozer 0.92 0.62 0.98 0.71 0.94 Caterpillar 3306 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.05 0.56 0.99 0.81 1.00 Backhoe Loader 1.81 3.52 1.11 3.28 1.11
Crawler Dozer 0.91 1.85 1.00 1.76 0.99
John Deere 6101 (average of three tests) 1 Agricultural Tractor 0.99 0.37 0.89 0.63 1.01
Backhoe Loader 2.06 1.88 1.10 2.12 1.20
Crawler Dozer 1.01 1.14 0.95 1.22 1.01
Excavator 1.40 0.44 0.87 0.89 1.03 Caterpillar 3176 1 Agricultural Tractor 1.00 0.83 0.98 0.98 0.99 Backhoe Loader 1.50 2.31 1.31 1.58 1.10
Crawler Dozer 0.75 1.50 1.02 1.26 1.00 MX270 1 Agricultural Tractor 0.55 0.75 0.96 0.94 0.98
Backhoe Loader 0.82 3.25 1.00 2.08 1.12
Crawler Dozer 0.36 1.95 0.91 1.46 1.00 Typ Rubber-Tire 0.64 3.30 0.96 1.88 1.03 Typ Skid-Steer 0.82 1.70 0.92 1.67 1.10 Typ Arc Welder 1.82 3.20 1.20 1.98 1.30 MX240 1 Agricultural Tractor 0.83 0.51 0.93 0.78 0.97
Backhoe Loader 2.00 2.08 1.07 1.72 1.08
Crawler Dozer 0.83 2.04 0.92 1.38 0.97

### Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles
Engine Tier Test Cycle HC CO NO
x PM BSFC



### F9 Typ Rubber-Tire 1.50 4.06 0.97 2.16 1.05 Typ Skid-Steer 2.17 1.96 0.98 1.81 1.08 Typ Arc Welder 4.50 3.24 1.42 2.24 1.28 Average of Individual TAFs Agricultural Tractor 0.83 0.50 0.98 0.71 0.98
Backhoe Loader 2.23 2.66 1.05 2.07 1.16
Crawler Dozer 0.88 1.50 0.98 1.29 0.99 Typ Rubber-Tire 1.07 3.68 0.96 2.02 1.04 Typ Skid-Steer 1.49 1.83 0.95 1.74 1.09 Typ Arc Welder 3.16 3.22 1.31 2.11 1.29
Excavator 1.40 0.44 0.87 0.89 1.03
Standard Deviation of TAFs Agricultural Tractor 0.22 0.21 0.10 0.17 0.03
Backhoe Loader 1.02 1.49 0.19 0.88 0.06
Crawler Dozer 0.22 0.75 0.06 0.42 0.03 Typ Rubber-Tire 0.61 0.54 0.01 0.20 0.01 Typ Skid-Steer 0.95 0.18 0.04 0.10 0.01 Typ Arc Welder 1.90 0.02 0.16 0.19 0.01
Student’s t -test: P value* T0 vs T1 Agricultural Tractor 0.90 0.21 0.40 0.08 0.77
Backhoe Loader 0.13 0.67 0.40 0.63 0.17
Crawler Dozer 0.11 0.64 0.26 0.83 0.36

* P value > 0.05 indicates that the difference between the Tier 0 and Tier 1 values is not statistically significant.

### F10 Table F4. CI Cycle Transient Adjustment Factors Binned by Load Factor Category Cycle Cycle Load Factors* Assignment HC CO NO
x Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs None (steady-state) N/A None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Agricultural Tractor 0.78 Hi LF 0.83 1.05 0.50 1.53 0.98 0.95 Backhoe/Loader 0.21 Lo LF 2.23 2.29 2.66 2.57 1.05 1.10 Crawler Dozer 0.58 Hi LF 0.88 1.05 1.50 1.53 0.98 0.95 Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 Hi LF 1.07 1.05 3.68 1.53 0.96 0.95 Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 Lo LF 1.49 2.29 1.83 2.57 0.95 1.10 Arc Welder 0.19 Lo LF 3.16 2.29 3.22 2.57 1.31 1.10 Excavator 0.53 Hi LF 1.40 1.05 0.44 1.53 0.87 0.95

avg Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 avg Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10

Cycle Cycle Load Factors* Assignment PM BSFC Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs
None (steady-state) N/A None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Agricultural Tractor 0.78 Hi LF 0.71 1.23 0.98 1.01 Backhoe/Loader 0.21 Lo LF 2.07 1.97 1.16 1.18 Crawler Dozer 0.58 Hi LF 1.29 1.23 0.99 1.01 Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 Hi LF 2.02 1.23 1.04 1.01 Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 Lo LF 1.74 1.97 1.09 1.18 Arc Welder 0.19 Lo LF 2.11 1.97 1.29 1.18 Excavator 0.53 Hi LF 0.89 1.23 1.03 1.01

avg Hi LF 1.23 1.01 avg Lo LF 1.97 1.18 * The load factors shown were obtained from engine test data and are not used directly in NONROAD.



### Table F5. CI Transient Adjustment Factors in Draft NONROAD2004
Assignment HC CO NO
x PM BSFC

BaseTier 3 BaseTier 3 Base, Tiers 0-2 Tier 3* Base, Tiers 0-2 Tier 3* BaseTier 3
avg Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01
avg Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18

None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

* NO
x Tier 3 TAF = 1.1*(NO
x Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF). PM Tier 3 TAF = 1.2*(PM Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF). TAFs are not applied to the emission factors for Tier 4 engines (i.e., the model applies a TAF of 1.0).

### F11 Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type SCC Equipment Type Representative Cycle TAF Assignment 2270001000 Recreational Vehicles All Backhoe Lo LF
2270001020 Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles None None
2270001030 Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles None None
2270001040 Recreational Vehicl es Minibikes None None
2270001050 Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts None None
2270001060 Recreational Vehicles S peciality Vehicle Carts Backhoe Lo LF 2270002003 Construction Equipment Pavers Crawler Hi LF 2270002006 Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers None None 2270002009 Construction Equipment Plate Compactors None None 2270002015 Construction Equipment Rollers Crawler Hi LF 2270002018 Construction Equipment Scrapers Crawler Hi LF 2270002021 Construction Equipment Paving Equipment Crawler Hi LF 2270002024 Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment Crawler Hi LF 2270002027 Construction Equipment Signal Boards None None 2270002030 Construction Equipment Trenchers Crawler Hi LF 2270002033 Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs None None 2270002036 Construction Equipment Excavators Excavator Hi LF 2270002039 Construction Equipment C oncrete/Industrial Saws Crawler Hi LF 2270002042 Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers None None 2270002045 Construction Equipment Cranes None None 2270002048 Construction Equipment Graders Crawler Hi LF 2270002051 Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks Crawler Hi LF 2270002054 Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment None None 2270002057 Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 2270002060 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders RTLoader Hi LF 2270002063 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers Crawler Hi LF 2270002066 Construction Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Backhoe Lo LF 2270002069 Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer Crawler Hi LF 2270002072 Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders SSLoader Lo LF 2270002075 Construction Equipment O ff-Highway Tractors Crawler Hi LF 2270002078 Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders Backhoe Lo LF 2270002081 Construction Equipment Other Construction Equipment Crawler Hi LF 2270003010 Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts Backhoe Lo LF 2270003020 Industrial Equipment Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 2270003030 Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers None None 2270003040 Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment None None 2270003050 Industrial Equipment Other Ma terial Handling Equipment Backhoe Lo LF 2270003060 Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration None None
2270003070 Terminal Tractors Crawler Hi LF 2270004000 Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL None None 2270004010 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Residential) None None 2270004011 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Commercial) None None 2270004015 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP None None 2270004016 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) None None

2270004020 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP None None 2270004021 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial) None None

### Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type SCC Equipment Type Representative Cycle TAF Assignment



### F12 2270004025 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters None None

2270004026 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters (Commercial) None None

2270004030 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums None None 2270004031 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) None None

2270004035 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers None None 2270004036 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial) None None 2270004040 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers None None 2270004041 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial) None None

2270004045 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers None None 2270004046 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial) None None 2270004050 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP None None 2270004051 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial) None None

2270004055 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors None None 2270004056 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors (Commercial) None None

2270004060 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters None None 2270004061 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial) None None 2270004065 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders None None 2270004066 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) None None

2270004071 Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment (Commercial) None None

2270004075 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden Equipment None None

2270004076 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden Equipment (Commercial) None None

2270005010 Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 2270005015 Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 2270005020 Farm Equipment Combines AgTractor Hi LF 2270005025 Farm Equipment Balers AgTractor Hi LF 2270005030 Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers AgTractor Hi LF 2270005035 Farm Equipment Sprayers AgTractor Hi LF 2270005040 Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP AgTractor Hi LF 2270005045 Farm Equipment Swathers AgTractor Hi LF 2270005050 Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units None None 2270005055 Farm Equipment Other Agri cultural Equipment AgTractor Hi LF 2270005060 Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets None None 2270006000 Light Commercial ALL None None 2270006005 Light Commercial Generator Sets None None 2270006010 Light Commercial Pumps None None 2270006015 Light Commercial Air Compressors None None 2270006020 Light Commercial Gas Compressors None None 2270006025 Light Commercial Welders ArcWelder Lo LF 2270006030 Light Commercial Pressure Washers None None 2270007005 Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 2270007010 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 2270007015 Logging Equipment Forest Equipment RTLoader Hi LF

### Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type SCC Equipment Type Representative Cycle TAF Assignment



### F13 2270008005 Airport Service Equipment Airport Support Equipment RTLoader Hi LF 2270009010 Other Underground Mining Equipment Backhoe Lo LF 2270010010 Other Oil Field Equipment None None 2282020005 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards None None 2282020010 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards None None 2282020015 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft None None 2282020025 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux. Outboard None None 2285002015 Railway Maintenance Backhoe Lo LF



### Table F7. Comparison of TAF Methodology Used in Draft Versions of NONROAD

Model Date Model Version Name Data as Basis (# of engines) Cycles Used Treatment of Tier 0 vs Tier 1 Data Ratio of Averages or Average of Ratios? TAFs Used and Assignments

June 1998 “Original” 9 engines (8 Tier 0 and 1 Tier 1 engines) Ag tractor Backhoe Loader Crawler Dozer Tier 0 and Tier 1 data combined Ratio of averages 3 cycle TAFs. One assigned to each equipment type

April 1999 “Tier 2" No TAF-related changes

June 2000 “2007 HD Rule” 12 engines (8 Tier 0 and 4 Tier 1 engines) Ag tractor Backhoe Loader Crawler Dozer RT Loader SS Loader Arc Welder Tier 0 and Tier 1 data separated; separate TAFs for each Ratio of averages Revised to accomodate separate T0 and T1 TAFs and 3 additional cycles

Nov 2000 “Final Finding / ANPRM” No TAF related changes relative to June 2000 version

Oct 2001 “Pentathalon NPRM” 12 engines (8 Tier 0 and 4 Tier 1 engines) Ag tractor Backhoe Loader Crawler Dozer RT Loader SS Loader Arc Welder Tier 0 and Tier 1 data re-combined Average of ratios 6 cycle TAFs. One assigned to each equipment type

March 2002 April 2004 “NONROAD 2002" and “NONROAD 2004" 12 engines (8 Tier 0 and 4 Tier 1 engines) Ag tractor Backhoe Loader Crawler Dozer RT Loader SS Loader Arc Welder Excavator Tier 0 and Tier 1 data combined Average of ratios 7 cycle TAFs binned in two categories: Hi LF and Lo LF

. One assigned to each equipment type.

### G0

### G1 Appendix G Derivation of Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Deterioration factors used in emissions models are intended to account for increases in emissions above a new engine or vehicle’s base emissions level with time. Emissions can increase with time for a number of reasons including, engine wear, poor maintenance practices, and willful or unwitting tampering with emission control systems. Emissions from diesel engines increase with time (deteriorate) at a very slow rate when the engine is properly maintained and operated. In fact for a number of pollutants (primarily NO

x 

### ), emission levels can actually drop slightly as the engine ages. However, anecdotal and emission test experience suggests that many diesel engines emit at a much higher level in-use (especially PM) than would be anticipated for a well maintained diesel engine.

Diesel engines are extremely robust and can continue to provide adequate performance for a user, even when they have been poorly maintained. Unlike speed and load characterized performance, however, th eir emissions performance can decrease quite rapidly when the engine receives poor maintenance. Analysis and testing conducted by contractors to EPA and to the California Ai r Resources Board (CARB) have shown that these maintenance and tampering issues comprise the bulk of the observed increase in PM emissions from diesel engines in-use. (1) When CARB updated the large CI component of its OFFROAD model in 2000, they accounted for this increase in emissions by using deterioration factors devel oped from real world observations of in-use PM emissions correlated to particular engine technologies. (2) We believe that this is the appropriate approach for PM emission modeling in order to account for all of the possible mechanisms of PM deterioration. We have therefore adopted the PM deterioration factors from CARB’s OFFROAD model in this version of NONROAD. We averaged the highway-based LDDT, MHDT, and HHDT PM deterioration factors used in CARB’s OFFROAD model (0.31, 0.44, and 0.67, respectively) and applied the average (0.473) to all tiers.

For HC, CO, and NO

x 

### , we have continued our practice of using deterioration factors developed by manufacturers based upon well maintained engines. We have done so because we believe that maintenance and tampering issues do not effect the emission rates of these pollutants as dramatically. As a result, we base the HC, CO, and NO

x 

### deterioration factors adopted for nonroad e ngines on highway certification data (zeromile levels and lifetime deterioration) (3). We used the same data to derive highway compliance margins for the steady-state emission factor analysis. Correspondence between highway weight class (light, medi um, heavy), highway model-year group, and nonroad horsepower categories is identical to that used for the steady-state emission factor analysis.

### G2 

### DF EF
EF rel D T

zm L
L D T

zm =     



⋅     



⋅ = 100

100 DF EF EF abs y

x zm D T zm L D T L = = + −

− = ∆
∆ ( )
0 

### We converted the highway engine deterioration estimates into a format applicable to nonroad engines, following these steps:

(1) We calculated absolute deterioration rates DF abs 

### using the zero-mile emission factors and lifetime deterioration estimates presented in reference (3). (2) We converted the absolute deterioration rates DF abs 

### (g/hp-hr 2 

### ) to relative deterioration rates DF rel 

### (% emissions increase/% useful life expended). (3) We calculated a separate DF rel 

### for each combination of pollutant , Tier, and horsepower category. Then to derive a single value for each Tier and pollutant, we simply averaged the DF rel 

### . We discuss these calculations in greater detail below.

To adapt highway-certification deterioration rates for application to nonroad engines, it was necessary to convert them from an absolute basis (emissions increase over engine’s useful life (g/hp-hr)) to a relativ e basis (% emissions increase/% useful life expended). This conversion involves relating the emissions increase over the engine’s useful life to the zero-hour emission factor, in proportional terms.

We achieved this conversion as follows. To begin, if we assume linear deterioration with the intercept at the zero-mile emission factor, (0 deterioration increase at 0 miles (0 hours useful life)), it is possibl e to calculate the absolute slope of the line, i.e., the absolute deterioration rate DF abs 

### (g/hp-hr 2 

### ) (Figure 1 on next page). The required data are the absolute emissions increase D T 

### (g/hp-hr) over engine’s useful life L (years) and the zero-mile emission factor EF
zm 

### (g/hp-hr):

Dividing the numerator and denominator by EF
zm 

### and L , respectively, and multiplying each by 100 expresses the deterioration factor in percentage terms with respect to emissions increase and useful life, giving a relative deterioration rate DF rel 

### (% emissions increase/% useful life):

Thus, the relative deterioration rate is the quotient of the absolute emissions increase and the zero-mile emission factor. Tables G1-G3 present estimates of DF rel 

### for each combination of pollutant, Tier and hor sepower category. To derive individual values of DF rel 

### for each pollutant and Tier, we calculated simple unweighted averages.

### G3 Figure 1. Conceptual representation of absolute linear em issions deterioration over the useful life of a diesel en g ine. 

### X Y

tim e (years)brake specific emissions (g/hp-hr)

L E F zm D T D F abs 

### The resulting DF rel 

### for each pollutant and Tier are presented in Table G4.

We intend to continue to monitor in-use PM emissions levels, and as the body of data increases (especially for newer engine technologies), we intend to further update the deterioration factors used here. Similarly, if we learn that deterioration rates for other pollutants also increase significantly in-use, we will update those factors as well.

References

(1) Engine, Fuel and Emissions Engineeri ng, Inc., “Modeling Deterioration in HeavyDuty Diesel Particulate Emissions,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

(2) ARB, “Public Meeting to Consider Appr oval of the Emissions Inventory of Off-Road Large Compression-Ignited (CI) Engines (>25HP),” January 2000.

(3) EPA, “Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in MOBILE6,” EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.

### G4 

## Table G1. Hydrocarbon (HC) Deterioration Factors by Tier and Horsepower Category

Nonroad Engine Power Categories (hp) Corresponding Highway Vehicle Weight Class 1 Corresponding Highway Model-Year Group Corresponding Highway Certification Test Results and Deterioration Factors

EF ZM

2 (g/hp-hr) D T 3 (g/hp-hr) DF rel

4 (%increase/%

useful life)



### Tier 0

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043

>750 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043



### Tiers 1-3

< 11 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038

11-25 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038

25-50 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038

50-100 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

100-175 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

175-300 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

300-600 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

600-750 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

>750 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

1 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium h eavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 8.

3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 8.

4 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as D T /EF
zm . For discussion, see text.

### G5 

## Table G2. CO Deterioration Factors by Tier and Horsepower Category 1

Nonroad Engine Power Categories (hp) Corresponding Highway Vehicle Weight Class 1 Corresponding Highway Model-Year Group Corresponding Highway Certification Test Results and Deterioration Factors

EF ZM

2 (g/hp-hr) D T 3 (g/hp-hr) DF rel

4 (%increase/%

useful life)



### Tier 0

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

>750 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

Tiers 1-3

< 11 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021

11-25 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021

25-50 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021

50-100 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

100-175 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

175-300 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

300-600 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

600-750 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

> 750 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

1 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium h eavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 9.

3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 9.

4 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as D T /EF
zm . For discussion, see text.

### G6 

## Table G3. NOx Deterioration Factors by Pollutant and Horsepower Category 1

Nonroad Engine Power

Categories (hp) Corresponding Highway Vehicle

Weight Class 1 CorrespondingHighway ModelYear Group Corresponding Highway Certification Test Results and Deterioration Factors

EF ZM

2 (g/hp-hr) D T 3 (g/hp-hr) DF rel

4 (%increase/%

useful life)

Tier 0-1

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

>750 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

Tier 2

< 11 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

11-25 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

25-50 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

50-100 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

100-175 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

175-300 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

300-600 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

600-750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

>750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

Tier 3

50-100 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

100-175 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

175-300 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

300-600 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

600-750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

1 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium h eavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 10.

3 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 10.

### G7 

## Table G4. Deterioration Fact ors for Nonroad Diesel Engines

Pollutant Relative Deterioration Factor ( DF rel



### ) (% increase/%useful life) 1



### Base/Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

HC 0.047 0.036 0.034 0.027

CO 0.185 0.101 0.101 0.151

NOx 0.024 0.024 0.009 0.008

PM 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473

1 

### DF rel 

### = A in the equation: DF =1+A*(fraction of useful life expended) B