# Patent

## Title
Method of driving liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal display device, and portable electronic apparatus

## Abstract

To enable a common inversion driving even in an LCD having a large size and a high definition. A common capacitance is significantly reduced by making most of scanning lines in a floating state during the common inversion. In addition, the timing for floating the scanning lines is changed depending on the polarity of the common potential. Specifically, if a pixel switching element is an N channel type, the scanning lines are floated when the common potential is high. If the pixel switching element is a P channel type, the scanning lines are floated when the common potential is low.

## Background
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/921,811 filed Aug. 20, 2004 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,414,603). The disclosure of the prior application is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method of driving a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display device, and a portable electronic apparatus, and more specifically, it relates to a common inversion driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an active matrix substrate.
2. Description of Related Art
Recently, liquid crystal display devices using active elements such as a thin film transistor have been widely used in the fields of a notebook PC or a monitor. In the liquid crystal display device using typical nematic liquid crystal materials, it is necessary to adopt an alternating current driving method in which a polarity of a voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal is inverted for every predetermined time in order to secure reliability. Generally, a difference in voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal for a white display and a black display is in a range of 3 through 5 V. Therefore, in order to implement the alternating current driving method, when the fixed potential are applied to a electrode (common electrode) of a substrate opposing an active matrix substrate with liquid crystal interposed therebetween, a signal having a voltage amplitude of 6 through 10 V should be applied to a pixel electrode on the active matrix substrate. However, since a process of high pressure resistance is required to output a signal having a voltage amplitude of 5 V or more from a typical IC (integrated circuit), a manufacturing cost increases. To avoid this problem, there has been proposed a common inversion driving method in which input signals are decreased by alternating-current driving the potential of the common electrode (see, Patent Document 1).
Now, a 1H common inversion driving method executing a common inversion and a polarity inversion of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal for every scanning line selection cycle (1H cycle) will be described with reference to FIG. 12. Herein, it is supposed that the liquid crystal display device operates, for example, in a normally white mode and has an N-channel thin film transistor as a pixel switching element.
A reference symbol Vcom(1) denotes a potential of the common electrode, and when an auxiliary capacitor Cs is formed, an auxiliary capacitor common electrode also has the same value. The Vcom(1) is periodically inverted between potentials VcomH and VcomL in the case of the common inversion driving method. In addition, a reference symbol VG1 to n (2-1 through 2-n) denotes a potential applied to the nth scanning line from a scanning line driving circuit. For every inversion of the Vcom(1), a selection potential VGON is sequentially applied to one scanning line for turning on the pixel switching element. At other times, one of the potentials VGOFFH and VGOFFL is selected according to the potential Vcom(1) and then applied as a non-selection signal for turning off the connected pixel switching element. Herein, the non-selection signal has two different levels VGOFFH and VGOFFL according to the potential Vcom(1) in order to secure reliability of the pixel switching element. This is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 2 in detail. A reference symbol VS1 to m(3-1 through 3-m) denotes a video signal potential applied to a data line from a data line driving circuit, and has an amplitude between VVIDEOH and VVIDEOL. If the liquid crystal material or the gap is selected such that a white (transparent) display is implemented when the liquid crystal element is interposed between electrodes having a potential difference of ±VWHITE, and a black (non-transparent) display is implemented when the liquid crystal element is interposed between electrodes having a potential difference of ±VBLACK, it is possible to obtain VcomH≧VVIDEOH>VVIDEOL≧VcomL, and VcomH−VVIDEOH=VVIDEOL−VcomL=VVWHITE, VcomH−VVIDEOL=VVIDEOH−VcomL=VBLACK.
The potential of VS1 to m(3-1 through 3-m) is applied to the pixel electrode through the pixel switching element connected to the scanning line having a selection potential VGON. Herein, if VPIX4-1-1 through VPLX4-n-m denotes potentials of the pixel electrodes connected between an mth data line and an nth scanning line, VPIX4-1-1 and VPIX4-1-2 are charged with the potentials Vs1 and Vs2 of the data lines 1 and 2, respectively, and become potentials VVIDEOH and VVIDEOL when the scanning line 1 is the selection potential VGON. In this case, the common potential is VcomH and to the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode corresponding to VPIX4-1-1, a potential of VVIDEOH−VcomH=−VWHITE is applied.
The potential of VS1 to m(3-1 through 3-m) is applied to the pixel electrode through the pixel switching element connected to the scanning line having a selection potential VGON. Herein, if VPIX4-1-1 through VPIX4-n-m denotes potentials of the pixel electrodes connected between an mth data line and an nth scanning line, the potentials VPIX4-1-1 and VPIX4-1-2 are charged with the potentials Vs1 and Vs2 of the data lines 1 and 2, respectively, and become potentials VVIDEOH and VVIDEOL when the scanning line 1 is the selection potential VGON. In this case, the common potential is VcomH, and to the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode corresponding to VPIX4-1-2, a potential of VVIDEOL−VcomH=−VBLACK is applied. In other words, the pixel corresponding to VPIX4-1-1 is subjected to a transparent (white) display, and the pixel corresponding to VPIX4-1-2 is subjected to a non-transparent (black) display.
Subsequently, the common potential is inverted to VcomL when the scanning line 2 is selected, the pixel electrodes corresponding to VPIX4-1-1 and VPIX4-1-2, respectively, are in the floating state because the switching electrode is a high resistance state. Therefore, supposing that capacitive elements except for the common electrode and the capacitor line are negligible, the potentials VPIX4-1-1 and VPIX4-1-2 are simultaneously dropped by the amount of change of the potential (VcomL−VcomH) of the common electrode due to the capacitive coupling. As a result, the pixel corresponding to VPIX4-1-1 maintains the transparent (white) display, and the pixel corresponding to VPIX4-1-2 maintains the non-transparent display (black). As described above, even though the common potential is repeatedly inverted, the potential difference from the pixel electrode connected to the scanning line of the non-selection potential is not altered. Therefore, the same grayscale display can be maintained until the next scanning line becomes the selection potential.
On the other hand, VPIX4-2-1 and VPIX4-2-2 are charged with the potentials Vs1 and Vs2 of the data lines 1 and 2 when the scanning line 2 is the selection potential (VGON), and become potentials VVIDEOL and VVIDEOH, respectively. In this case, a potential of VVIDEOL−VcomL=VWHITE is applied to the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode corresponding to the VPIX4-2-1, and a potential of VVIDEOH−VcomL=VBLACK is applied to the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode corresponding to the VPIX4-2-2, so that a transparent (white) display and a non-transparent (black) display are implemented, respectively. However, they have voltage polarities opposite to those of the pixels corresponding to VPIX4-1-1 and VPIX4-1-2. Similarly to the above description, though the common potential is inverted after the scanning line 2 becomes a non-selection potential, the potential difference between the common potential and the pixel potential is not altered, so that the display is retained. When the scanning line becomes the selection potential again in the next frame after the rewriting time according to a refresh rate, the common potential is VcomL if the scanning line 1 becomes the selection potential VGON, and the common potential is VcomH if the scanning line 2 becomes the selection potential VGON. Moreover, a polarity of the potential across the liquid crystal element is inverted with respect to the previous frame. Therefore, an alternate driving of the liquid crystal can be implemented. Until now, the conventional 1H common inversion driving method has been described.
According to this method, the amplitude of the input video signal from an external IC is 3 through 5 V. Therefore, it is possible to use a commercial IC made by typical CMOS processes, a manufacturing cost can be reduced. This is the same because an IC for outputting video signals is necessary in the case of an analog driving method in which video analog signals are inputted, even when driving circuits of the active matrix substrate are provided externally, as well as when the driving circuits are embedded in the active matrix substrate, and a power source IC for supplying DC power source to a DAC or a decoder is necessary in the case of a digital driving method in which the DAC or the decoder is embedded. In addition, the common inversion driving method is an effective method even in the case of a power source and driving circuit embedded LCD in which the power generating circuit is embedded in the active matrix substrate, since the circuit size and the current consumption increase and the reliability of the thin film transistor is badly influenced as the voltage range of the generated power source becomes wider,
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 62-49399
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-306041
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
However, the common inversion driving method has a problem in that it cannot be applied to the panels having a much larger size or a higher definition. In other words, since an electrical capacitance C and a resistance R of the common electrode also increase as the size and the definition of the panel increase, a capacitive delay (RC delay) for inverting the common potential becomes higher, so that it takes more time to invert the common potential. Furthermore, since the current flowing during the common inversion also increases, the current consumption increases.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes to reduce the common capacitance by electrically insulating, that is, floating at least a part of the scanning lines from the respective potential power sources with a high resistance while the common potential is inverted, that is, a common inversion timing. According to inventor's calculations, assuming data lines are floated during the common inversion timing, 80% or more of the capacitance of the common electrode is a capacitance associated with the scanning lines in the conventional common inversion driving method. Therefore, it is preferable to float as many scanning lines as possible. Most preferably, all the scanning lines are floated. In this case, an inversion time of the common potential is reduced by 20% in comparison with the conventional method. However, depending on driving environments as described below, although only a particular scanning line is not floated, for example, if 479 of 480 scanning lines are floated, a capacitance difference is below 1% in comparison with a case where all the scanning lines are floated. Therefore, there would be no influence. Consequently, even when the number of scanning lines increases and a size of the device becomes larger, a 1H common inversion driving method or other common inversion can be implemented and power consumption can be reduced by floating the scanning lines.
In addition, the present invention proposes to select a period when the common potential is high as the timing for floating the scanning lines if the pixel transistor is an N channel type. According to this proposal, it is possible to turn off a pixel TFT surely and to reduce the number of potentials applied to the scanning line driving circuit without converting a non-selection potential of the scanning line by the common potential like the conventional method and decreasing the non-selection potential so as not to degrade reliability, and with no the potentials of the scanning line exceeding a lowest potential of the video signals of sources other than the selection period. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and improve reliability without degrading display quality of panels. If the pixel transistor is a P channel type, similar effects can be obtained by selecting a period when the common potential is low, that is, the timing at which the potential becomes high after the next common potential inversion and floating the scanning lines. If a complementary transmission gate is used for the pixel switching element, similar effects can be obtained by floating the scanning lines connected to the N channel type transistor of the transmission gate when the common potential is high, and floating the scanning lines connected to the P channel type transistor when the common potential is low.
In addition, the present invention proposes a driving method of making time lengths between starting to apply the non-selection potential to the scanning lines and floating the scanning lines in inconstant and plural, after completing a pixel writing. According to this proposal, it is possible to select the timing for floating the scanning lines based on high and low levels of the common potential as described above with the scanning line selection period fixed and without degrading display quality.
In addition, the present invention proposes a driving method in which writing for connected pixels is completed by applying selection potentials to the scanning lines, the non-selection potentials are applied to the scanning lines to turn off the pixel switching elements, and then the non-selection potentials are applied one or more times after the scanning lines are floated at an appropriate timing and before the selection potential is applied to the next scanning line. According to this proposal, it is possible to prevent the connected pixel switching elements from turning on at an unexpected timing due to an increase of the scanning line potential caused by leakage currents during an image hold time. In addition, the present invention also proposes that a period for applying the non-selection potentials after the second one is limited within a period when the common potential is high if the pixel switching element is an N channel type transistor and within a period when the common potential is low if the pixel switching element is a P channel type transistor. According to this proposal, it is possible to remove necessity to change the applied potential in the non-selection period and to reduce the number of power source potentials connected to the scanning line driving circuit. Therefore, the present invention is advantageous from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost and reliability.
In addition, the present invention proposes to differentiate a period when the common potential is high and a period when the common potential is low during the common inversion, to make a period when the common potential is high longer than a period when the common potential is low if the pixel switching element is an N channel type thin film transistor, and to make a period when the common potential is low longer than a period when the common potential is high if the pixel switching element is a P channel type thin film transistor. According to this proposal, it is possible to select the timing for floating the scanning line with the fixed scanning line selection and non-selection periods or with variations of a narrow range according to high and low levels of the common potential, and to simplify the configuration of the driving circuit without degrading display quality.
In addition, the present invention proposes to maintain the scanning line to the non-selection potential of a constant level VGOFF without depending on the common potential. According to this proposal, it is possible to reduce the number of power sources connected to the scanning line driving circuit, and to simplify the configuration of the driving circuit. Also, it is possible to drive the potential of the scanning line such that the pixel switch is completely turned off by selecting the timing for floating the scanning line.
In addition, the present invention proposes to satisfy a condition of VVIDEOL+Vth>VGOFF>VVIDEOL−(VCOMH−VCOML) if the pixel switching element is an N channel type field effect transistor, where a reference symbol VVIDEOL denotes a minimum potential of the video signals applied by the data line driving circuit, a reference symbol Vth denotes a threshold value of the pixel switching element, a reference symbol VCOMH denotes a high level of the common electrode potential, and a reference symbol VCOML denotes a low level of the common electrode potential. By satisfying VVIDEOL+Vth>VGOFF, it is possible to continuously turn off the pixel switching element even when the video signal is at a minimum potential level. Furthermore, by satisfying VGOFF>VVIDEOL−(VCOMH−VCOML), it is possible to correspondingly reduce a reverse bias for the pixel switching element and to assist to improve reliability or reduce leakage currents. Meanwhile, since the timing for floating the scanning line is selected, the scanning line potential does not exceed a potential level VVIDEOL during the common inversion and the display quality is not degraded. More preferably, in consideration of unevenness in threshold value of the pixel switching elements and a leakage current in the sub-threshold region or a reverse bias, it is preferable to set VVIDEOL≧VGOFF≧VVIDEOH−6 (Volt).
Similarly, if the pixel switching element is a P channel type field effect transistor, it may be proposed setting VVIDEOH+Vth>VGOFF>VVIDEOL−(VCOMH−VCOML), and more preferably, VVIDEOH≦VGOFF≦VVIDEOL+6 (Volt).
In addition, the present invention proposes a driving method in which a period when the non-selection potential is applied to the scanning line has a constant length, the non-selection potential (=VGOFFH) in the common high state is different from the non-selection potential (=VGOFFL) in the common low state, and they satisfy VGOFFH>VGOFFL.
In comparison with the above proposal in which the non-selection potential is constantly maintained, this proposal has a problem in that the number of power sources increases. Meanwhile, the driving circuit can be simplified by constantly maintaining the length of the period when the non-selection potential is applied.
Moreover, the present invention proposes a driving method, in which the scanning lines and part of the data lines, more preferably, all of the data lines are floated during the common potential inversion. According to this proposal, it is possible to significantly reduce the capacitance of the common electrode, thereby further allowing effects of the present invention remarkable.
In addition, the present invention proposes a liquid crystal display device using the above driving methods. By using the above driving methods, since an IC of low pressure resistance can be used even in panels having a big size and a high definition, a low-priced apparatus can be provided. Furthermore, the current consumption can be reduced in comparison with the conventional driving method.
In addition, the present invention proposes a driving circuit embedded liquid crystal display device consisting of a thin film transistor in which at least part of the scanning line driving circuits is formed on the active matrix substrate. According to this proposal, since wirings of the scanning lines from the pixel unit to the scanning line driving circuit is made to be shorter, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon that variations of the scanning line potentials is getting smaller than variations of the common potentials due to a capacitance division in this area. At the same time, it is possible to modify a driving method according the above proposals without changing the configuration of external IC.
As described above, the present invention may be more effective as the number of scanning lines increases and a panel size increases. Specifically, the present invention proposes to satisfy a condition that a value obtained by multiplying a square of the number (=V) of scanning lines by a diagonal length (=S(m)) of an image display area (=V×V×S) is 30000 or more.
In addition, the present invention proposes a battery-driven portable electronic apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display device using the above driving methods. According to this proposal, it is possible to provide a display device having a larger size and a higher definition and to reduce current consumption in comparison with prior arts. Therefore, a battery driving time is lengthened. Herein, the portable electronic apparatus includes a notebook PC, a PDA, a digital camera, a video camera, a portable television, a cellular phone, a portable photo viewer, a portable video player, a portable DVD player, a portable audio player, and other electronic apparatuses having a liquid crystal display device and a battery.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a constructural view of an active matrix substrate for explaining embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a scanning line driving circuit for explaining the embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing chart of each driving signal to be applied from an external signaling system in an odd-numbered frame according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a timing chart of video signals to be applied from an external signaling system in an odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment and a third embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an output timing chart of scanning line signals in an odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a perspective and partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to the embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a timing chart of each driving signal to be applied from an external signaling system in an odd-numbered frame according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a timing chart of video signals to be applied from an external signaling system in an odd-numbered frame according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 9 is an output timing chart of scanning line signals in an odd-numbered frame according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a timing chart of each driving signal to be applied from an external signaling system in an odd-numbered frame according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 11 is an output timing chart of scanning line signals in an odd-numbered frame according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a timing chart of signals for explaining a conventional common inversion driving method;
FIG. 13 is a graph of a measurement result of leakage currents of pixel switching elements of an N channel type thin film transistor and a P channel type thin film transistor;
FIG. 14 is a graph for explaining limitations of a size and a definition of a liquid crystal panel which can be driven in a common inversion mode with a conventional method.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Now, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a constructural view of a scanning line driving circuit embedded active matrix substrate according to the first embodiment of the present invention for implementing a driving method associated with the claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 16. 480 scanning lines 201-1 through 480 and 1920 data lines 202-1 through 1920 are orthogonally formed on the active matrix substrate 101, and the 480 capacitor lines 203-1 through 480 are alternately paralleled with the scanning lines 201-1 through 480. The data lines 202-1 through 1920 are connected to the data line input terminals 302-1 through 1920. The capacitor lines 203-1 through 480 are shorted with each other and connected to the common potential input terminal 303. An opposing conducting unit 304 is also connected to the common potential input terminal 303.
In each intersection point of the scanning line 201-n and the data line 202-m, a pixel switching element 401-n-m consisting of an N channel field effect thin film transistor is formed, and its gate electrode is connected to the scanning line 201-n, and its source and drain electrodes are connected to the data line 202-m and the pixel electrode 402-n-m, respectively. The pixel electrode 402-n-m forms an auxiliary capacitor along with the capacitor line 203-n, and also forms a capacitor along with the opposing substrate electrode COM with the liquid crystal element interposed therebetween when assembled in the liquid crystal display device.
The scanning lines 201-1 through 480 are connected to the scanning line driving circuit 301 formed by integrating a poly silicon thin film transistor on the active matrix substrate to apply driving signals. A CLK signal terminal 601, a CLKX signal terminal 602, an XST signal terminal 603, an HENB terminal 604, an LENB terminal 605, an LCHG terminal 606 are connected to the scanning line driving circuit 301. Additionally, a plurality of power potentials are connected to the scanning line driving circuit although it is not shown in the drawings.
FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram showing a scanning line driving circuit 301. In the scanning line driving circuit 301, a shift register circuit 350 is integrated, and the CLK signal terminal 601, a CLKX signal terminal 602, and an XST signal terminal 603 are connected to it. In the shift register, 480 stages are formed by combining a first clocked inverter 351-n, a second clocked inverted 352-n, and a first inverter 353-n as one stage, and 481 output terminals 504-1 through 481 are formed from an initial stage to the last one.
An nth output terminal 540-n and an (n+1)th output terminal 540-n+1 of the shift register circuit 350 are connected to an input terminal of a first NAND circuit 505-n, and an output terminal of the first NAND circuit 505-n is connected to an input terminal of a second inverter 506-n and one side of input terminals of a fourth NAND circuit 509-n. An output terminal of a second inverter 506-n is connected to one side of input terminals of a second NAND circuit 507-n and one side of input terminals of a third NAND circuit 508-n. Additionally, an HENB signal terminal 604 is connected to the other side of the input terminals of the second NAND circuit 507-n, an LENB signal 605 is connected to the other side of the input terminals of the third NAND circuit 508-n, and an LCHG signal terminal 606 is connected to the other side of the input terminals of the fourth NAND circuit 509-n. Furthermore, the output terminal of the third NAND circuit 508-n and the output terminal of the fourth NAND circuit 509-n are connected to an input terminal of a fifth NAND circuit 510-n. The output terminal of the second NAND circuit 507-n is connected to a gate terminal of a second transistor 512-n corresponding to a P channel type thin film transistor, and an output terminal of the fifth NAND circuit 510-n is connected to a gate terminal of a first transistor 511-n corresponding to an N channel type thin film transistor.
A source terminal of the first transistor 511-n is connected to a power potential of VGOFF, and a source terminal of the second transistor 512-n is connected to a power potential of VGON. In addition, a drain terminal of the first transistor 511-n and a drain terminal of the second transistor 512-n are connected to the scanning line 201-n. Although it is not shown in the drawing, the first clocked inverter 351-n, the second clocked inverter 352-n, the first inverter 353-n, the first NAND circuit 505-n, the second inverter 506-n, the third NAND circuit 508-n, the fourth NAND circuit 509-n, and the fifth NAND circuit 510-n are connected to a VH potential terminal and a VL potential terminal as a power source.
Now, the driving method according to the first embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are associated with an odd-numbered frame. In the case of an even-numbered frame, since a frame is initiated in a common low state and also terminated in the common low state, the potential of the common electrode is inverted when a selection potential is applied to each scanning line.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart of each signal applied from an external signaling source in the case of the odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment. A reference symbol VCOM(1) denotes a potential applied to a common potential input terminal 303, and is periodically inverted between potentials VCOMH and VCOML. A hold time TCOMH of the potential VCOMH (hereinafter, referred to as a common high state) is equal to a hold time TCOML of the potential VCOML (hereinafter, referred to as a common low state) and one frame period Tframe is obtained by multiplying 481 by the hold time TCOMH. A reference symbol VCLK(4) denotes a positive phase clock signal potential applied to the CLK signal terminal 601 for driving a shift register, and a signal inverted between the potentials VH and VL with a phase shifted by TSHIFT in an equal inverting cycle to the potential VCOM(1). A reference symbol VCLKX(5) denotes a reverse phased clock signal potential input to the CLKX signal terminal 602 for driving the shift register, and has a polarity opposite to the potential VCLK. A reference symbol VXST(6) denotes an input potential of an initial stage bit of the shift register, which is inputted to the XST signal terminal 603, and corresponds to a pulse wave having a pulse length of TCOMH and a cycle of Tframe.
A reference symbol VHENB(7) denotes a potential signifying the timing for applying a selection potential input to the HENB signal terminal 604 to a scanning line selected by the shift register. The potential VHENB(7) is simultaneously turned to the potential VH when the potential VCLK(4) is inverted and returned to the potential VL after a predetermined period THENB<TCOMH.
A reference symbol VLENB(8) denotes a potential signifying the timing for applying a non-selection signal input to the LENB signal terminal 605 to a scanning line selected by the shift register. The potential VLENB(8) is substantially simultaneously turned to the VH when the potential VHENB(7) is turned to the VL, and then returned to the VL before the potential Vcom(1) is inverted during the common high state or substantially simultaneously returned to the VL when the potential VCLK is inverted after the potential Vcom(1) is inverted during the common low state.
A potential VLCHG(9) provides a non-selection signal input to the LCHG signal terminal 606 with the scanning lines except for those selected by the shift register. In other words, the potential VLCHG(9) signifies the timing for recharging the scanning lines by VGOFF, and is turned to the VH of a constant period (TLCHG<TCOMH) during the common high state, or turned to the VL otherwise.
FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing video signals applied from an external driving circuit in an odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment. The solid line denotes a state that a potential is applied from an external power source, and the dotted line denotes a floating state that the external power sources are blocked with each other by a high resistance. Hereinafter, the description will be given on a basis of a normally white mode.
A reference symbol VS1 to 1920(3-1 through 1920) denotes a video signal potential input to the data line input terminals 302-1 through 1920 within the range between a highest potential VVIDEOH and a lowest potential VVIDEOL, and their detailed waveforms are different depending on an image to be displayed. In this embodiment, waveforms of the potentials VS1, VS2 and VS1920 are illustrated such that pixels connected to the data line 201-1 are subjected to a white (transparent) display, pixels connected to the data line 202-2 are subjected to a black (non-transparent) display, pixels connected the data line 202-1920 are subjected to a gray (semi-transparent) display, and the potentials VS1, VS2 and VS1920 are floated during the common inversion timing after completing charging the pixel electrode, turning off the pixel switching element, and inputting a white level signal as a pre-charge signal. However the output initiation and stop timing or the pre-charge timing of the video signal of the potential VS1 to 1920(3-1 through 1920) is different depending on driving methods such as a point sequential driving method, a line sequential driving method, and a block sequential driving method, the data line should be in the floating state during the common inversion timing in any cases. This embodiment is based on a line sequential driving method.
FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing output signals applied from the scanning line driving circuit 301 to the scanning lines 201-1 through 480 in an odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment. The solid line denotes a state that a potential is applied from an external power source, and the dotted line denotes a floating state that the external power sources are blocked with a high resistance. The shift register 350 sequentially outputs the VH to only a particular output terminal 504-n and its neighboring output terminal 504-n+1. The terminals outputting the VH are shifted one by one every when the CLK signal corresponding to VCLK(4) and the CLKX signal corresponding to VCLKX(5) are inverted. As a consequence, potentials VG1 to n(2-1 through 2-480) are finally applied to the scanning lines. In other words, similarly to the scanning lines 1, 3, 5, . . . (2-1, 2-3, 2-5, . . . ) in an odd-numbered frame, the scanning lines to which the selection potential VCON is applied while the common high state are turned to a floating state during the common high state. Similarly to the scanning lines 2, 4, 6, . . . (2-2, 2-4, 2-6, . . . ) in an odd-numbered frame, the scanning lines to which the selection potential VGON is applied while the common low state are not turned to the floating state until the VCOM(1) is inverted and then the VCLK(4) is inverted after TSHIFT. In other words, the timing for turning to the floating state is modified by changing a time for writing the non-selection signal. Additionally, the non-selection potential is written to those except the selected scanning lines for a time period TLCHG during the common high state. However, they are in the floating state before and after the inversion timing of the common high state and the common low state. Furthermore, although it is not shown in the drawing, in an even-numbered frame, the common potential is inverted when the selection potential VGON is applied to the same scanning lines as the odd-numbered frame, and the alternate driving of the liquid crystal is implemented. Consequently, the reliability of the liquid crystal can be secured.
In the present embodiment, each power potential is preferably set to VH≧VGON>VVIDEOH>VVIDEOL>VGOFF≧VL and VCOMH≧VVIDEOH>VVIDEOL≧VcomL. In addition, the potential VCOMH−VVIDEOH=VWHITE is preferably set to a white (transparent) display potential in a normally white mode in association with the adopted liquid crystal element and the cell gap, and the potential VVIDEOH−VCOML=VBLACK is preferably set to a black (non-transparent) display potential in a normally white mode.
As described in the present embodiment, if a poly silicon thin film transistor is used as the pixel switching element, deviations of a threshold value are large, and leakage currents in a sub-threshold region or a reverse bias region are not negligible. If the refresh rate of the screen is below 60 Hz and the leakage currents are over 1 pA, a large capacitance is necessary, and an aperture ratio decreases so as to degrade display quality.
FIG. 13 is an inventor's graph showing the leakage currents of a pixel switching element using a poly silicon thin film transistor. The horizontal axis refers to a gate-source potential V, and the vertical axis refers to a source-drain leakage current A, which corresponds to the maximum value of the measurement in a variety of points. The graph 95 relates to data on the N channel transistor, and the graph 96 relates to data on the P channel transistor. If the N channel transistor is used as described in the present embodiment, it is recognized from the graph 95 that the maximum leakage current of the pixel switching element is below 1 pA, and the gate-source potential is within the range of 0 through −6 (V). In a driving method according to the present invention, if the gate potential is VGOFF, the gate-source potential is within the range of VGOFF−VVIDEOL through VGOFF−VVIDEOH. Therefore, by satisfying VVIDEOL≧VGOFF≧VVIDEOH−6 (V), the gate-source potential is more preferably set to 0 through −6 (V). In addition, since the gate-source potential corresponding to the leakage currents below 1 pA is within the range of 0 through +6 (V) in the graph 96 if the P channel poly silicon thin film transistor is used as the pixel switching element, it is more preferable to satisfy VVIDEOH≦VGOFF≦VVIDEOL+6 (V).
Typically, a central value (an average of high potentials and low potentials) of potentials applied to one circuit or element is preferably equal to an average of the common electrode potential from the viewpoint of influences to the liquid crystal element.
Considering above conditions, and assuming that the liquid crystal material and the bonding gap are selected to have, for example, VWHITE=0.5 (V), VBLACK=4.0 (V), each potential according to the present invention is preferably set such that VH=8.5 (V), VGON=7.5 (V), VCOMH=6.5 (V), VVIDEOH=6 (V), VVIDEOL=2.5 (V), VCOML=2 (V), VGOFF=1 (V), and VL=0 (V).
By means of such a driving method, all 480 scanning lines are floated when the inversion timing from the common high potential to the common low potential, and 479 scanning lines except for the selected scanning line are floated when the inversion timing from the common low potential to the common high potential. In comparison with a conventional driving method in which the non-selection potential is continuously written to all scanning lines, the current flowing through the common potential input terminal 303 when the common inversion can be very small, thereby rapidly altering the common potential. In other words, it is possible to use the common inversion driving method without degrading display quality even in a large size and a high definition, and to use the low price and low pressure resistance IC as an IC for outputting a video signal.
In addition, since the timing for floating the scanning line is changed between the common high state and the common low state, despite one non-selection potential to the scanning line is used, as shown in FIG. 5 as VG1 to 480(2-1 through 480), the potential of the scanning line in the non-selection state is changed in combination with the common potential but does not raise over VGOFF. In addition, since the non-selection potential is rewritten in every period TCOMH+TCOML, the potential of the scanning line is not deviated from the non-selection potential during the hold time even when the leakage currents of the first transistor 511-n and the second transistor 512-n in FIG. 2 are large.
In addition, since the potential VGOFF is at a constant level and the power potential is not necessary to be frequently inverted or to select one from two potentials in the common high state as well as the common low state, the circuit configuration is made to be simple, the cost can be reduced, and the yield can be improved. In addition, since the potential VGOFF is set to an appropriate level, the pixel switching element 401-n-m is not turned on during the non-selection period (the hold time) by the source potential even when the common inversion. Furthermore, since a reverse bias for the pixel switching element 401-n-m is prevented as small as possible, it is possible to prevent degradation of reliability and increase of the leakage current of the pixel switching element.
FIG. 6 is a perspective and partial cross-sectional view of the transmissive liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention for implementing a liquid crystal display device disclosed in claims 17 through 19. The active matrix substrate 101 and the opposing substrate 901 having the common electrode by forming an ITO film on the color filter substrate are bonded with each other by using a sealing material 920 and a nematic phase liquid crystal material 910 is enclosed between them. Although it is not shown in the drawing, an alignment material made of a polyimide is doped on the surface contacting with the liquid crystal material 910 along with the active matrix substrate 101 and the opposing substrate 901, and then a rubbing process is performed in an orthogonal direction. In addition, a conducting material is disposed in the opposing conducting unit 304 on the active matrix substrate 101, and is shorted with the common electrode of the opposing substrate 901.
Data input terminals 302-1 through 1920, a common potential input terminal 303, a CLK signal terminal 601, a CLKX signal terminal 602, a start pulse signal terminal 603, an HENB signal terminal 604, an LENB signal 605, an LCHG signal terminal 606, and a variety of power supply terminals are connected to one or more external IC 940 on the circuit substrate 935 through the FPC 930 integrated in the active matrix substrate 101 to supply necessary electrical signals and potentials.
In addition, an upper deflection plate 951 is disposed in an outer side of the opposing substrate, and a lower deflection plate 952 is disposed in an outer side of the active matrix substrate, such that their deflection directions are orthogonal with each other (crossed nicols state). In addition, a back light unit 960 is attached under the lower deflection plate 952. The back light unit 960 may be formed by attaching an optical waveguide or a dispersion plate on a cold-cathode tube or may be a light emitting unit using an EL element. Although it is not shown in the drawing, its outer surface may be covered with an enclosure, a protection glass or an acrylic plate may be attached on the upper deflection plate as necessary, or an optical compensation film may be attached to improve its view angle.
When a common inversion driving method is implemented by using such a liquid crystal display device, a common potential retardation time constant (=τCOM) is substantially proportional (τCOM∝RCOM×CCOM) to a multiplication of an average resistance (=RCOM) of the common electrode by a total capacitance (=CCOM) for other conduction materials connected to a fixed potential. Typically, the resistance RCOM is determined by process limitations, such as a sheet resistance of the opposing electrode or resistances of the opposing conducting unit and an integrated terminal, and is not much influenced by a panel size or a definition. Meanwhile, according to a conventional common inversion driving method, since the capacitance associated with the scanning lines is more than 80% as described above, the total capacitance CCOM increases in proportion to the total number (=V) of the scanning lines. In addition, since the capacitance per a scanning line increases as the length of the scanning line becomes larger, the total capacitance CCOM increases in proportion to the diagonal size (=S(m)) of the image display region. On the other hand, if the refresh rate is constant, a write time (=T1H) to one scanning line decreases in proportion to the total number (=V) of scanning lines. In other words, according to the conventional common inversion driving method, a proportion (τCOM÷T1H) of a common inverse time to the writing time to one scanning line substantially reaches to τCOM÷T1H∝V×V×S. If this coefficient is too large, a sufficient pixel writing time can not be obtained, thereby degrading display quality or reliability.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the result of calculation of a coefficient (=V×V×S) obtained by multiplying a square of the number (=V) of scanning lines by the diagonal size (=S(m)) of the image display area, and a proportion (τCOM÷T1H) of the common inversion time to the 1H time when an active matrix manufacturing process using a typical glass substrate is adopted. In this case, the refresh rate is set to 60 Hz. From the graph 91 showing τCOM÷T1H, it is recognized that the proportion τCOM÷T1H is substantially proportional to V×V×S. The line 92 denotes a limitation line obtained from a minimum time necessary to guarantee a sufficient pixel write time. From the graph shown in FIG. 14, it is recognized that the 1H common inversion is difficult to be implemented according to the conventional driving method if V×V×S≧30000. Therefore, since a low-priced and low pressure resistant IC can be used in a large size and a high definition panels, in which the common inversion driving method of the conventional method can not be implemented, by applying the present invention to the panels satisfying the condition V×V×S≧30000, the module can be manufactured with lower cost, and power consumption can be reduced. In the present embodiment, if a diagonal is 152.4 mm (6 type) in a so-called VGA having the number of pixels of 1920×480, it is possible to obtain V×V×S=35113, and thus the above condition is satisfied.
In addition, according to the present invention, a period when the VLCHG signal 9 is at a potential VH may be enlarged if the leakage currents of the second transistor 512-1 through 489 are small. Furthermore, the LCHG signal terminal 606, the wirings connected to it, and the fourth NAND circuit 509-n in FIG. 2 may be omitted. Also, the fifth NAND circuit 510-1 may be substituted with an inverter circuit. This can make the input signals and the circuit configuration to be simpler. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture lower cost liquid crystal display device.
In addition, however it has been described by exemplifying the common electrode potential having two levels (VCOMH, VCOML), the common electrode potential may have three levels by controlling the amplitude more precisely depending on a driving method. In this case, one of the average potential, the maximum potential, and the minimum potential of the common electrode in the common high state may be substituted with the potential VCOMH, and one of the average potential, the maximum potential, and the minimum potential of the common electrode in the common low state may be substituted with the potential VCOML. In addition, the selection potential or the non-selection potential of the gate may have minuter multi levels.
In addition, the shift register may be configured using a flip-flop circuit or a transmission gate, not the clocked inverter shown as the reference numeral 350 in FIG. 2. Furthermore, the shift register may be substituted with a variety of sequential selection circuits, and the logic circuit unit in FIG. 2 may be modified accordingly.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, however the scanning line driving circuit 301 is driven by two potential levels VH(≧VGON) and VL(≦VGOFF), it is possible to use lower potentials with respect to part of them. For example, it is possible to use the potentials VHM(<VGON) and VLM(>VGOFF) as a power source of the shift register unit 350, and to modify the amplitudes of the signals VCLK(4), VCLKX(5), and VXST(6), correspondingly. Furthermore, the level shifter circuit may be installed on any position between the first transistor 511-n and second transistor 512-n from the output terminal 504-n and may perform the boosting up to the level VH through VL. Otherwise, from the shift register 350 or the first NAND circuit, the fifth NAND circuit regarded as it is may be equipped with a level shift function. Such configurations can reduce current consumption.
[Second Embodiment]
FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are timing charts of signals in an odd-numbered frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention for implementing a driving method disclosed in claims 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 16. The solid line denotes a state that a potential is applied from an external source, and the dotted line denotes a floating state that each external power source is blocked with a high resistance.
FIG. 7 is the timing chart of each signal applied from an external signaling source in an odd-numbered frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention. With regard to the VCOM(1), a relation between the hold time TCOMH of the potential VCOMH and the hold time TCOML of the potential VCOML is set to TCOMH>TCOML, and the frame period Tframe is set to (TCOMH+TCOML)×240.5. In other words, with regard to an even-numbered frame, an operation is initiated in the middle of the common high state.
However the potentials VCLK(4), VCLKX(5), VXST(6), VHENB(7), and VLCHG(9) have waveforms similar to the first embodiment, the potential VLENB(8) has the same time length as the VH in the common high period and the common low period, and the potentials VHENB(7) and VLENB(8) are inverted.
FIG. 8 is the timing chart of video signals applied from an external driving circuit in an odd-numbered frame according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Beside an application time of the video signal to the pixel electrode is reduced in order to float the source line in the common inversion timing, FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 4 regarding the first embodiment.
FIG. 9 is the timing chart showing output signals applied from the scanning line driving circuit 301 to the scanning lines 201-1 through 480 in an odd-numbered frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Signals VG1(2-1), VG3(2-3), and become a common high state in the common inversion timing, and then become a floating state in the common high period when the selection potential VGON is applied after the time TSHIFT. However, signals VG2(2-2), VG4(2-4), and . . . become the common inversion timing after the selection potential VGON is applied just before the common inversion timing in the common high state, and then become the common inversion timing again during the non-selection potential is output.
According to the present embodiment, 479 scanning lines except for the one to which the selection potential is applied are in the floating state during the inversion timing from the common high state to the common low state, 479 scanning lines except the one to which the non-selection potential is applied are in the floating state during the inversion timing from the common low state to the common high state. Similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to use the common inversion driving method without degrading display quality in a liquid crystal display device having a big size and a high definition. Therefore, it is possible to use a low-priced and low pressure resistant IC as an IC for outputting video signals and to reduce power consumption.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, since signals VHENB(7) and VLENB(8) are inverted with each other, it is possible to supply only one side of them from an external IC and to generate the other side by using an inverter circuit on the active matrix substrate. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of input signals and wirings in a simpler manner.
In addition, since a constructural view of the active matrix substrate, a circuit diagram of the scanning line driving circuit, and a constructural view of modules in the liquid crystal display device are similar to those of the first embodiment, the present embodiment will be more easily understood with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 6. Moreover, setting-up a variety of power potentials and their functions are also similar to those of the first embodiment.
[Third Embodiment]
FIGS. 10 and 11 are timing charts showing signals in an odd-numbered frame according to the third embodiment of the present invention for implementing a driving method disclosed in claims 1, 2, 15 and 16. The solid line denotes a state that the power is supplied from an external source, and the dotted line denotes a floating state that each external power sources are blocked with a high resistance.
FIG. 10 is the timing chart showing each signal applied from an external signaling source in an odd-numbered frame according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a hold time TcomH of the potential VcomH (hereinafter, referred to as a common high state) is equal to a hold time TcomH of the potential VcomL (hereinafter, referred to as a common low state), and a period of 481 times of TcomH is set to one frame period Tframe. In addition, the signals VHENB(7) and VLENB(8) are not altered during the common high period and the common low period, and is set to a periodical signal having a cycle of TCOMH. Since the flow chart of video signals supplied thereto is not different from that of the first embodiment, it will be more easily understood with reference to FIG. 4.
FIG. 11 is the timing chart showing output signals applied from the scanning line driving circuit 301 to the scanning lines 201-1 through 480 in an odd-numbered frame according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The non-selection potential is inconstant, and a signal VGOFFH is applied to each scanning line during the common high period and a signal VGOFFL is applied to each scanning line during the common low period. In addition, according to the present embodiment, it is approximately set as VGOFFH−VGOFFL=VCOMH−VCOML.
According to the driving method of the present embodiment, all of 480 scanning lines are in the floating state during the inversion timing from the common high state to the common low state or from the common low state to the common high state. The capacitance during the common inversion is equal to or smaller than that of the first or the second embodiment. It is possible to use the common inversion driving method without degrading display quality in a liquid crystal display device having a big size and a high definition. Therefore, it is possible to use a low-priced and low pressure resistant IC as an IC for outputting video signals and to reduce the power consumption. Furthermore, in comparison with the first and the second embodiments, the present embodiment has shortcomings, such as increases of the number of driving circuits for alternately inverting the signal VGOFF, the power consumption, and the number of power potentials. However, since the waveforms of the driving signals become simpler, the configuration of the external signaling circuits can be simpler, accordingly.
In addition, if the leakage currents during the reverse bias of the pixel switching element and the reliability are sufficient from the viewpoint of its performance, the signal VGOFF may be always fixed at the level VGOFFL (even in the common high state) in the third embodiment. In this case, the configuration of the circuit in the device is made to be much simpler.
In addition, the constructural views of the active matrix substrate, the scanning line driving circuit, and the modules in the liquid crystal display device are similar to those of the first and the second embodiments. Therefore, it will be more easily understood with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 6.
Industrial Applicability
The present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, and may be adopted to a variety of applications, such as a liquid crystal display device using a full driver embedded active matrix substrate into which a data line driving circuit is integrated together, and a liquid crystal display device using a driving circuit non-embedded active matrix substrate in which a scanning line driving signal is supplied from an external IC circuit. In addition, with regard to the configuration of the driving circuit, not a complementary circuit such as CMOS but a single channel driving circuit consisting of only the N channel or the P channel may be used to implement the present invention. Also, a P type transistor or a complementary transmission gate may be used as the pixel switching element, and not a poly silicon but an amorphous silicon thin film transistor may be used in the present invention. Furthermore, instead of forming the thin film transistor on an insulating substrate, it is possible to use an active matrix substrate in which the pixel switching element or the driving circuit is formed on the crystalline silicon wafer.
Moreover, not a transmissive type liquid crystal display device described in the embodiments but a reflective or a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device may be used, and not a direct view type but a projection type light value may be also used. In addition, a normally black mode as well as a normally white mode described in the above embodiments may be used. Particularly, in this case, a vertical alignment mode may be used as an alignment mode of the liquid crystal materials.

## Claims

1. A method of driving a liquid crystal display device, the device including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of scanning lines formed above the first substrate, a plurality of data lines formed above the first substrate and crossing the plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of switching elements formed above the first substrate and being N channel type field effect transistors, each of the plurality of switching elements being connected to one of the plurality of scanning lines and one of the plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes, each of the plurality of pixel electrodes being connected to one of the plurality of switching elements and a common electrode formed above the second substrate, potential of the common electrode being alternatively one of a high potential and a low potential that is lower than the high potential, the method comprising:
applying a first potential to one of the plurality of scanning lines to induce an ON state in switching elements connected to the one of the plurality of scanning lines;
after applying the first potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines, applying a second potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines to induce an OFF state in the switching elements connected to the one of the plurality of scanning lines;
after applying the second potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines, turning the one of the plurality of scanning lines to a floating potential while the common electrode is the high potential, wherein
the floating potential is a substantially constant value without depending on the potential of the common electrode, and
the floating potential is lower than a value obtained by adding a threshold value of each of the switching elements to a lowest value of a video signal potential applied to the data lines and is higher than a value obtained by subtracting a value from the lowest value of the video signal potential, the value being obtained by subtracting the potential of the common electrode in the low state from the potential of the common electrode in the high state.

2. A method of driving a liquid crystal display device, the device including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of scanning lines formed above the first substrate, a plurality of data lines formed above the first substrate and crossing the plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of switching elements formed above the first substrate and being P channel type field effect transistors, each of the plurality of switching elements being connected to one of the plurality of scanning lines and one of the plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes, each of the plurality of pixel electrodes being connected to one of the plurality of switching elements; and a common electrode formed above the second substrate, potential of the common electrode being alternatively one of a high potential and a low potential that is lower than the high potential, the method comprising:
applying a first potential to one of the plurality of scanning lines to induce an ON state in switching elements connected to one of the plurality of scanning lines;
after applying the first potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines, applying a second potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines to induce an OFF state in the switching elements connected to the one of the plurality of scanning lines;
after applying the second potential to the one of the plurality of scanning lines, turning the one of the plurality of scanning lines to a floating potential while the common electrode is the low potential, wherein
the floating potential is a substantially constant value without depending on the potential of the common electrode, and
the floating potential is higher than a value obtained by adding a threshold value of each of the switching elements to a highest value of a video signal potential applied to the data lines and is lower than a value obtained by adding a value to the highest value of the video signal potential, the value being obtained by subtracting the potential of the common electrode in the low state from the potential of the common electrode in the high state.