THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA 

In The Supreme Court 

The State, Petitioner-Respondent, 

v. 

Charles Dent, Respondent-Petitioner. 

Appellate Case No. 2021-001246 

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS 

Appeal from Beaufort County 

Alex Kinlaw Jr., Circuit Court Judge 

Opinion No. 28172 

Heard April 20, 2023 – Filed August 16, 2023 

REVERSED AND REMANDED 

Attorney General Alan McCrory Wilson and Senior 

Assistant Deputy Attorney General William M. Blitch 

Jr., both of Columbia; and Isaac McDuffie Stone III, of 

Bluffton, all for Petitioner-Respondent. 

E. Charles Grose Jr., of The Grose Law Firm, LLC, of 

Greenwood, for Respondent-Petitioner. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JUSTICE KITTREDGE: Charles Dent was convicted and sentenced on one count 

of first-degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC) with a minor and two counts of 

disseminating obscene material to a minor. Dent appealed, and a divided court of 

appeals' panel reversed and remanded for a new trial, finding the trial court erred in 

failing to give the requested circumstantial evidence charge this Court articulated in 

State v. Logan, 405 S.C. 83, 747 S.E.2d 444 (2013). State v. Dent, 434 S.C. 357, 

863 S.E.2d 478 (Ct. App. 2021). Because this ruling was dispositive, the court of 

appeals did not reach Dent's other assignments of error. We granted the State's 

petition for a writ of certiorari and now reverse. While we agree with the court of 

appeals' finding of error in the trial court's failure to charge circumstantial evidence 

pursuant to Logan, the error was harmless. We reverse and remand to the court of 

appeals for consideration of Dent's remaining issues on appeal. 

I. 

Dent's minor granddaughter (Granddaughter) accused Dent of sexually abusing her 

when she was eight and nine years old. Following her disclosure, Granddaughter 

underwent two forensic interviews. During the first forensic interview, 

Granddaughter revealed that one of the initial incidents of abuse occurred when Dent 

went to the bathroom, took lewd pictures of himself, and showed them to 

Granddaughter. Granddaughter told the forensic interviewer, "After he showed me 

all of his pictures—he took like ten of them— . . . he told me, 'Here, go take pictures 

of yours,' and I said, 'No!'" Granddaughter also detailed occasions when Dent would 

touch her vagina, breasts, and buttocks: "He was just touching me everywhere. He 

was kissing me on the mouth." Granddaughter stated Dent made her watch a 

pornographic video. Dent also took pictures of Granddaughter's vagina while she 

was asleep and later showed the pictures to Granddaughter. 

In Granddaughter's second forensic interview, she wrote on a piece of paper: "He 

made me touch it more than once," indicating that her hand had touched Dent's penis. 

Granddaughter also wrote, "He made me lick it," and stated Dent's penis had gone 

inside her mouth on multiple occasions. Granddaughter disclosed that Dent touched 

her vagina with his mouth and that his hands went inside her vagina. Granddaughter 

described seeing Dent's "urine," which she recalled was "whiteish" in color, looked 

"like a flour mix," and stained the carpet. In both forensic interviews, Granddaughter 

stated Dent bribed her with money and toys. Dent was paying rent for the house 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granddaughter lived in, and he threatened that if Granddaughter reported the abuse, 

he would kick the family out of their home. 

Dent was indicted for two counts of first-degree CSC with a minor and two counts 

of disseminating obscene material to a minor. At trial, the State presented mostly 

direct evidence against Dent. Granddaughter testified, "I remember he started 

kissing me, like, on my face, my mouth. He started licking my belly, like, my belly 

button and started, like touching me in weird places. And he took pictures of his 

private parts and told me to take pictures of mine." Granddaughter stated Dent 

touched her "private parts" and "made [her] lick his private parts." Granddaughter 

also testified that Dent showed her videos of "[p]eople having sex." In addition to 

Granddaughter's direct, in-court testimony, the trial court admitted videos of both 

forensic interviews into evidence, and the videos were published to the jury. 

The State also presented circumstantial evidence at trial, including testimony from 

Granddaughter's mother and her mother's boyfriend concerning changes in 

Granddaughter's behavior around the time of the abuse. 

At the end of trial, defense counsel requested a circumstantial evidence charge in 

accordance with Logan. See Logan, 405 S.C. at 99, 747 S.E.2d at 452 (providing 

language that trial courts should include in a circumstantial evidence charge when 

the charge is requested by a defendant). The State, to its credit, did not oppose the 

circumstantial evidence charge. The trial court, nevertheless, refused to provide the 

jury with the mandated Logan instruction. Dent noted his objection and, following 

the verdict, unsuccessfully moved for a new trial based in part on the Logan issue. 

Dent subsequently appealed, raising eleven issues to the court of appeals. Finding 

the Logan issue dispositive, the court of appeals' majority declined to address Dent's 

remaining ten issues on appeal. The court of appeals held the trial court erred in not 

giving the full Logan charge and reversed and remanded for a new trial. Judge 

Thomas dissented. While Judge Thomas concurred with the finding of error in the 

trial court's failure to give the Logan charge, she pointed to the wealth of direct 

evidence and concluded "the error committed by the trial court was ultimately 

harmless." Dent, 434 S.C. at 364, 863 S.E.2d at 481 (Thomas, J., dissenting). 

We granted the State's petition for a writ of certiorari to review the court of appeals' 

decision. The State argues the trial court's failure to give the entire Logan charge 
was harmless error. Dent filed a cross-petition for a writ of certiorari, raising as 

additional sustaining grounds the ten issues the court of appeals declined to address. 

We held Dent's cross-petition in abeyance pending resolution of the State's petition. 

II. 

"In criminal cases, the appellate court sits to review errors of law only." State v. 

Baccus, 367 S.C. 41, 48, 625 S.E.2d 216, 220 (2006). "When requested, the Logan 

charge must be given in cases based in whole or part on circumstantial evidence." 

State v. Herndon, 430 S.C. 367, 371, 845 S.E.2d 499, 501 (2020). Nevertheless, 

"[i]n reviewing jury charges for error, this Court considers the trial court's jury 

charge as a whole and in light of the evidence and issues presented at trial." Logan, 

405 S.C. at 90, 747 S.E.2d at 448. "To warrant reversal, a trial [court's] refusal to 

give a requested jury charge must be both erroneous and prejudicial to the 

defendant." State v. Brandt, 393 S.C. 526, 550, 713 S.E.2d 591, 603 (2011) (quoting 

State v. Mattison, 388 S.C. 469, 479, 697 S.E.2d 578, 583 (2010)). 

III. 

The parties concede the trial court erred in refusing to give the Logan circumstantial 

evidence charge following Dent's request. Therefore, the only issue before us is 

whether the trial court's failure to give the Logan charge was harmless. See Herndon, 

430 S.C. at 373, 845 S.E.2d at 502 (acknowledging the failure to give a requested 

Logan charge is subject to a harmless error analysis); State v. Burdette, 427 S.C. 

490, 496, 832 S.E.2d 575, 578 (2019) ("An erroneous instruction alone is insufficient 

to warrant this Court's reversal."). 

"Harmless error analyses are fact-intensive inquiries and are not governed by a 

definite set of rules. Rather, appellate courts must determine the materiality and 

prejudicial character of the error in relation to the entire case." State v. Jenkins, 412 

S.C. 643, 651, 773 S.E.2d 906, 909–10 (2015) (citations omitted). Our appellate 

courts have found a trial court's failure to give a requested Logan charge is 

prejudicial when the evidence against the defendant is almost entirely circumstantial. 

For example, in Herndon, this Court stated, "We acknowledge there may be a case 

in which a trial court's failure to give the Logan charge might be harmless error, but 

this is not such a case. The State's case against Petitioner was almost exclusively 

circumstantial." 430 S.C. at 373, 845 S.E.2d at 502 (emphasis added); see also State 
v. Sanchez, 435 S.C. 468, 475–76, 867 S.E.2d 595, 598–99 (Ct. App. 2021) (finding 

the error prejudicial where, "[s]imilar to Herndon, the evidence of [the defendant's 

guilt] was largely circumstantial"). 

Here, the evidence was largely direct, especially Granddaughter's extensive 

testimony. See 30 S.C. Jur. Evidence § 154 (Supp. 2021–2022) ("'Direct evidence' 

is the testimony of a person who asserts or claims to have actual knowledge of a fact, 

such as an eyewitness." (citation omitted)); Logan, 405 S.C. at 99, 747 S.E.2d at 452 

("Direct evidence directly proves the existence of a fact and does not require 

deduction."). Before the jury, Granddaughter directly named Dent as her abuser and 

detailed the sexual acts he perpetrated on her. The jury watched almost two hours 

of videotaped forensic interviews, during which Granddaughter recounted Dent's 

abuse over a two-year period. This was direct evidence. 

It cannot be said that the evidence presented was almost entirely circumstantial. In 

discussing the nature of the evidence, the court of appeals' majority decision noted 

the absence of physical evidence of sexual abuse. We construe this finding as a 

comment on the issue of credibility, especially Granddaughter's credibility. See 

Herndon, 430 S.C. at 373 n.6, 845 S.E.2d at 502 n.6 ("Fundamental to a jury's role 

as fact-finder is making credibility determinations, which lie in the sole province of 

the jury."). Whether Granddaughter's testimony was credible is an entirely distinct 

issue from whether direct evidence existed. The fact that the State also utilized 

circumstantial evidence does not detract from the existence of direct evidence. The 

State recognized the importance of the direct evidence, highlighting Granddaughter's 

trial testimony and two forensic interviews in its initial closing argument. 

Moreover, we agree with the State that the trial court's instruction, as a whole, 

accurately charged the law to be applied. Our appellate courts have previously held 

the failure to give the Logan charge was harmless error where "[t]he trial court's jury 

instruction, as a whole, properly conveyed the applicable law." Logan, 405 S.C. at 

94 n.8, 747 S.E.2d at 449 n.8; see also State v. Jenkins, 408 S.C. 560, 573, 759 

S.E.2d 759, 766 (Ct. App. 2014) (holding "any error in the omission of other 

language from the Logan instruction was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt 

because the trial court's instruction, as a whole, properly conveyed the applicable 

law"); State v. Drayton, 411 S.C. 533, 546, 769 S.E.2d 254, 261 (Ct. App. 2015) 

(same), aff'd in result and vacated in part on other grounds, 415 S.C. 43, 780 S.E.2d 
 

 

 

 

 

 

902 (2015); State v. Lynch, 412 S.C. 156, 178, 771 S.E.2d 346, 357–58 (Ct. App. 

2015) (same). 

Other than the error in failing to give the Logan circumstantial evidence charge, the 

trial court thoroughly and properly charged the jury on the law, including the 

presumption of innocence, burden of proof, and reasonable doubt. As a result, in 

light of the trial court's charge as a whole and in light of the direct evidence, we hold 

the trial court's failure to give the requested Logan charge was harmless error. We 

reverse the court of appeals' opinion and remand this matter for the court of appeals 

to address Dent's remaining issues on appeal. 

REVERSED AND REMANDED. 

BEATTY, C.J., FEW, JAMES, JJ., and Acting Justice Jan B. Bromell Holmes, 

concur.