United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science & Technology

Pesticide Data Program

Annual Summary Calendar Year 1998
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

iii

Contents

Page No.

Preface .................................................................... vii

Executive Summary ............................................................ xi

Section I Introduction ......................................................... 1

Section II Sampling Operations ................................................. 4

Background ............................................................ 4

Fresh/Processed Fruit and Vegetables ........................................ 4

Whole Milk ............................................................ 8

Soybean Sample Collection ................................................ 8

Corn Syrup Survey ....................................................... 9

Pears Single Serving Survey ................................................ 9

Section III Laboratory Operations ............................................... 9

Overview .............................................................. 9

Fruit and Vegetables (Fresh and Processed) .................................... 9

Milk ................................................................. 10

Grain ................................................................ 10

Processed Grain ........................................................ 10

Special Projects ........................................................ 11

Quality Assurance Program ............................................... 11

Section IV Database Management .............................................. 11

Electronic Data Life-Cycle ................................................ 11

Data Reporting ........................................................ 12

Section V Sample Results and Discussion ........................................ 12

Sample Results ......................................................... 12

National Estimates ...................................................... 13

Fresh vs. Processed ..................................................... 13

Postharvest Applications ................................................. 15

Environmental Contaminants .............................................. 15

Single/Selective Residue Analyses .......................................... 17

Multiple Residue Detections ............................................... 17

Import vs. Domestic Residue Comparisons ................................... 17

Tolerance Violations .................................................... 18

Synopsis ............................................................. 18
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

v

Figures and Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figures

Page No. 

 1 Overview of PDP Management and Operations ......................... 2

 2 Participating States and Their Geographical Distribution Areas .............. 3

 3 Commodity Origin (Percentage Domestic vs. Imported) ................... 6

 4 Distribution of Soybean Samples (Crop Year 1997) ....................... 8

Tables

 1 Samples Collected and Analyzed per Commodity by Each Participating State ... 5

 2 Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity ................ 14

 3 Selected Residue Comparisons, Fresh vs. Processed ..................... 16

Appendices A-L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A Commodity History

Appendix B Sample Origin by Grower, Packer, or Distributor

Appendix C Quality Assurance Program Elements

Appendix D Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons

Appendix E Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Fruit and Vegetables

Appendix F Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Milk

Appendix G Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Soybeans - Crop Year 1997

Appendix H Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Corn Syrup

Appendix I National Estimates for Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

Appendix J Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected Pesticide/Commodity Pairs 

Appendix K Number of Residues Detected per Sample

Appendix L Samples Reported to FDA as Exceeding the Tolerance or Without Established 

 Tolerance
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

vi

Acronyms

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

AMS Agricultural Marketing Service

PDP Pesticide Data Program

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act

NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service

FDA Food and Drug Administration

APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

GIPSA Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards Administration

ERS Economic Research Service

FAS Foreign Agricultural Service

ARS Agricultural Research Service

LOD Limit of Detection

SOP Standard Operating Procedure

HFCS-55 High Fructose Corn Syrup - 55

MRM Multiresidue Method

SRM Selective Residue Method

QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control

CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture

AED Atomic Emission Detector

GLP Good Laboratory Practice

QAO Quality Assurance Officer

QAU Quality Assurance Unit

RDE Remote Data Entry

NPRD National Pesticide Residue Database

MRL Maximum Residue Limit

EMRL Extraneous Maximum Residue Limit

ADI Acceptable Daily Intake
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

vii

Preface

In 1991, the United States Department of Agriculture USDA is planning to release the “Supplemental

(USDA) was charged with implementing a program to Children’s Survey to the Continuing Survey of Food

collect data on pesticide residues in food. USDA’s Intakes by Individuals” in late 1999. PDP will adjust

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) was appointed sampling plans to include other children’s foods if

to undertake the creation and implementation of such warranted by this survey’s findings. 

a program, currently known as the Pesticide Data

Program (PDP). PDP has been in operation since PDP continues to focus on the National Academy of

May 1991 and has published its findings for calendar Sciences’ conclusions as shown in the 1993 report

years 1991 through 1997. This is the summary for “Pesticidesin the Diets of Infants and Children.” In

calendar year 1998. that report, the Academy recommends that pesticide

residue monitoring programs target foods most

PDP’s data on pesticides in selected commodities consumed by children and that analytical testing

strengthen the Government's ability to respond to food methods used be standardized, validated, and subject

safety and marketing concerns, to protect public to strict quality control and quality assurance

health, and to provide the Environmental Protection programs. In 1998, PDP also addressed the National

Agency (EPA) with data needed to implement the Academy of Sciences’ recommendations regarding

Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) enacted by the processed foods by including apple juice, grape juice,

U.S. Congress in August 1996. orange juice, and milk. Specifically, the Academy

noted the limited data available to evaluate effects of

EPA evaluates the safety of pesticides that leave processing on residue concentrations. The Academy

residues in food. In estimating the potential risks of indicated that: “The effect of processing is an

pesticides in food, EPA uses a step-wise approach that important consideration in assessing the dietary

assures pesticides are examined as closely as exposures of infants and young children who consume

necessary to understand their risks, but minimizes the large quantities of processed foods such as fruit juices,

Agency’s resource expenditures. As an initial baby food, milk, and infant formula.” The FQPA of

assessment, EPA assumes that all acres of all crops 1996, Title III Sec. 301 (c) states: “The Secretary of

are treated with all pesticides for which there is an Agriculture shall ensure that the residue data

approved use. EPA also assumes that residues in collection activities conducted by the Department of

treated crops are present at the maximum allowed Agriculture in cooperation with the Environmental

level. While such an assessment is easy and quick to Protection Agency and the Department of Health and

generate, risk estimates based on these worst case Human Services, provide for the improved data

assumptions may significantly exceed the actual risk collection of pesticide residues, including guidelines

from pesticide residues in the food supply. Therefore, for the use of comparable analytical and

if the initial “worst case” assessment indicates standardized reporting methods and increased

potential risks that would be of concern, EPA refines sampling of foods most likely consumed by infants

its assessment using available, reliable data. These and children.” 

refinements may include using: data on the percent of

a crop treated with a pesticide; studies of the effects of The States participating in PDP deserve special

washing, cooking, processing, and storage; and recognition for their contributions to the program.

residue monitoring data. This is where PDP data can Sample collectors’ vigilance and dedication allow

be pivotal. PDP’s sampling procedures were designed AMS to adjust sampling protocols to respond to

to capture actual residues in the food supply as close changing trends in commodity distribution.

as possible to the time of consumption. These data Laboratory staffs were helpful in formulating

are considerably more realistic than the assumptions recommendations to increase productivity and

used in EPA’s initial risk assessments. improve methodologies. PDP thanks the Food and

Drug Administration (FDA); AMS’ Eastern
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

viii

Laboratory; and USDA's National Agricultural Texas Department of Agriculture

Statistics Service (NASS), Animal and Plant Health Washington State Department of Agriculture

Inspection Service (APHIS), and Grain Inspection, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and 

Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) for Consumer Protection

providing their support to the program. PDP also

acknowledges the support of the EPA’s Health Effects

Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, particularly Ed

Zager and Martha Lamont, for their contributions

refining the 1998 Program Plan.

 

We welcome any comments on the Summary’s

presentation. A form for submitting comments is

provided at the end of the Summary.

Data presented in this summary were collected and

processed through the efforts of the following:

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science and Technology

14th and Independence Avenue, S.W.

Room 3507, South Building, Mail Stop 0222

Post Office Box 96456

Washington, DC 20090-6456

Deputy Administrator: William J. Franks, Jr.

Phone: (202) 720-5231 Fax: (202) 720-6496

Associate Deputy Administrator: Robert Epstein

Phone: (202) 720-2158 Fax: (202) 720-1484

Pesticide Data Program Staff

Phone: (703) 330-2300 Fax: (703) 369-0678

INTERNET HOME PAGE

http://www.ams.usda.gov/science/pdp/

Participating State Agencies

California Department of Food and Agriculture

California Department of Pesticide Regulation

Colorado Department of Agriculture

Florida Department of Agriculture and

 Consumer Services

Maryland Department of Agriculture

Michigan Department of Agriculture

New York Department of Agriculture and Markets

Ohio Department of Agriculture

Participating State Laboratories

California Department of Food and Agriculture

Division of Inspection Services

Center for Analytical Chemistry

3292 Meadowview Road

Sacramento, CA 95832

Florida Department of Agriculture and

 Consumer Services

Chemical Residue Laboratory, Building #3

3125 Conner Boulevard

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650

 and

Chemical Residue Laboratory

500 3rd Street, Northwest

Winter Haven, FL 33880

Michigan Department of Agriculture

Laboratory Division

1615 South Harrison Road

East Lansing, MI 48823-5224

New York Department of Agriculture and Markets

Food Laboratory

State Campus, Building 7

Albany, NY 12235

Ohio Department of Agriculture

Consumer Analytical Laboratory

8995 East Main Street

Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

Texas Department of Agriculture

Brenham Pesticide Laboratory

200 East Horton Street

Brenham, TX 77833

Washington State Department of Agriculture

Chemical and Hop Laboratory

21 N. 1st Avenue, Suite 106

Yakima, WA 98902
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

ix

Participating Federal Laboratories

United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

National Monitoring and Residue Analysis 

 Laboratory

3505 25th Avenue, Building 4

Gulfport, MS 39501

United States Department of Agriculture

Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 

 Administration

Technical Services Division

10383 North Executive Hills Blvd.

Kansas City, MO 64153

United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science and Technology, Eastern Laboratory

645 Cox Road

Gastonia, NC 28054
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

xi

Executive Summary

 

PDP was implemented by USDA in May 1991 to based on EPA's data needs and USDA's food

collect data on pesticide residues in foods. The data consumption surveys. 

are used by the EPA, FDA, Economic Research

Service (ERS), Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), PDP is designed to provide information on pesticide

and various groups within the private sector. EPA residuesin food in order to improve the quality of data

uses PDP data to refine estimates of dietary exposure that EPA uses to estimate dietary exposure to

as part of the pesticide reregistration process under the consumers. Without actual residue data, initial risk

FQPA. FDA uses PDP data to focus surveillance assessments are based on tolerance levels which do

activities where most needed. ERS evaluates not accurately reflect actual residues likely to be found

pesticide alternatives utilizing PDP data. PDP data are in fresh and processed foods. A theoretical risk

also used by the government and agricultural assessment based on such assumptions may exceed

community to examine residue issues which may the actual risk of pesticide residues in the food supply.

affect agricultural practices relating to integrated pest Where needed, EPA conducts further refinements to

management objectives. FAS references PDP data in the risk assessment by using additional information

support of U.S. export commodities in a competitive that includes residue monitoring data, if available and

global market. Multiple private sector groups use reliable. This is where PDP data are pivotal. The data

PDP data in addressing food safety issues. are collected as close to the point of consumption as

possible while retaining identity of product origin.

PDP planning and policy are coordinated through Sampling is based on statistically reliable protocols,

consultation with representatives from USDA, EPA, thereby upgrading their usefulness for risk assessment.

and FDA. Interested agencies from USDA include: 

AMS, NASS, ERS, the Agricultural Research Service Except for grains and grain products, the number of

(ARS), and the Office of Pesticide Management samples to be collected is apportioned according to

Policy. State population. Samples are randomly chosen

PDP operations are supported through cooperative reflect what is typically available to the consumer

agreements with ten states: California, Florida, throughout the year. PDP's sampling protocol takes

Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Washington into account the different volumes of produce

for collection and analysis of samples, and Colorado, distributed annually from each sampling site. Grain

Maryland, and Wisconsin for sample collection only samples are chosen from GIPSA’s file samples based

(their samples are shipped to other State and Federal on crop year and individual State production figures.

laboratories for analysis). Federal laboratories Corn syrup samples were collected at major corn

providing testing services include the GIPSA refineries representing approximately 95 percent of

Laboratory, the AMS Eastern Laboratory, and the total U.S. production.

APHIS National Monitoring and Residue Analysis

Laboratory. The AMS Science and Technology In 1998, PDP collected samples of the following fruit

program is responsible for PDP’s day-to-day and vegetable commodities: apple juice, cantaloupe,

administrative, sampling, technical, and database grape juice, green beans (canned and frozen), orange

activities. juice, pears, spinach (canned), strawberries (fresh and

In 1998, PDP tested fresh and processed fruit and (fresh and frozen). PDP also collected samples of

vegetables, whole milk, grains, and grain products for corn syrup, milk, and soybeans.

various pesticides including insecticides, herbicides,

fungicides, and growth regulators. Pesticides and PDP collected and analyzed a total of 8,500 samples

commodities were chosen for inclusion in the program in 1998--7,017 fruit and vegetables, 595 whole milk,

without regard for commodity origin or variety and

frozen), sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and winter squash
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

xii

590 soybean (1997 crop year), and 298 corn syrup detects,” or not containing a residue above a stated

samples. Samples originated from 40 States (includes LOD. 

States contributing grain samples) and 25 foreign 

countries (includes processed products of mixed PDP continuously strives to improve methodologies

national origin). Approximately 84 percent of all for the collection, testing, and reporting of data. PDP

samples were domestic and 15 percent were imported data are available to EPA and other Federal and State

(including samples of mixed national origin). Apple agencies charged with regulating and setting policies

juice, orange juice, pears, tomatoes, and fresh winter on the use of pesticides.

squash accounted for most of the imports. All milk,

soybean, and corn syrup samples were domestic.

Overall, about 45 percent of all samples contained no

detectable residues, 26 percent contained one residue,

and 29 percent contained more than one residue. As

expected, more residues were detected in fresh

commodities than in processed products. Milk and

soybeans had significantly fewer residues than fruit

and vegetables. No residues were detected in any of

the corn syrup samples. 

PDP data reflect residues detected in 3- or 5-pound

composite or blended samples and are used by EPA to

estimate chronic (long-term) dietary exposures.

However, to assess acute exposures, EPA needs

residue measurements on single serving sized food

items. To fill this data gap, in 1998 PDP conducted a

special survey on single servings of pears comprising

344 pears. Overall, results of single servings parallel

composite samples. No significantly high values (“hot

pears”) on single servings of pears were found.

Residues exceeding the tolerance were detected in

0.15 percent of all composite samples tested during

1998. Residues with no tolerance listed in the Code

of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 180,

were found in 3.7 percent of all samples. These

residues were detected at low levels and may be due

to spray drift or crop rotations. PDP reports these

findings to FDA as soon as they are received. A

tolerance is the maximum quantity of a pesticide

residue allowable on a raw agricultural commodity.

Violative residues are defined as residues exceeding

the tolerance or residues at levels of regulatory

significance for which no tolerance has been

established for that particular crop. 

PDP laboratories maintain an ongoing verification of

limits of detection (LODs) for each compound

screened. These data are used by EPA to calculate

exposure contributed by samples reported as “non-
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

1

Pesticide Data Program (PDP)

Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

This summary consists of the following sections: (I.) Introduction, (II.) Sampling Operations, 

(III.) Laboratory Operations, (IV.) Database Management, and (V.) Sample Results and Discussion 

I. Introduction

This is the eighth annual summary of the USDA’s PDP Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Virginia, and

results. The previous summaries of PDP data for Wyoming) where a significant amount of produce is

calendar years 1991-1997 are posted on PDP’s web directly marketed from the participating States. Figure

site at www.ams.usda.gov/science/pdp (1993-1997) or 3 shows the distribution of commodities by origin--

are available as hard copies (1991-1997) upon request. domestic versus imported and/or mixed national origin.

PDP pools the expertise available in AMS, NASS, samples for crop year 1997.

ERS, and ARS to achieve its goals and objectives.

NASS provides statistically reliable data on chemical AMS works closely with EPA to select the

usage at the State level and collects economic input commodities and pesticides to be placed in PDP.

data that link chemical usage with economic Commodities chosen for inclusion are those most often

characteristics. ERS analyzes AMS and NASS data to consumed by the American public, with emphasis on

understand producer behavior and to determine the those consumed by infants and children. Sixteen

impact various production practices and policies might commodities (apple juice, cantaloupe, corn syrup,

have on the Nation's agricultural production, food grape juice, canned/frozen green beans, whole milk,

supply, and consumers. ARS conducts nationwide orange juice, pears, soybeans, canned spinach, fresh

surveys of individual food intake and household use strawberries, frozen strawberries, sweet potatoes,

and is developing a Food Grouping System to translate tomatoes, fresh winter squash, and frozen winter

data on foods as consumed into forms that can be squash) were sampled and analyzed during 1998. The

linked with pesticide residue data. AMS, through its pesticides EPA suggests for monitoring consist mainly

Science and Technology program, oversees PDP’s of those whose toxicities and estimated dietary

policies, planning, and daily operations at the exposures indicate the need for more refined exposure

participating State and Federal facilities. estimates. The list is revised periodically to address

Figure 1, Overview of PDP Management and

Operations, describes the program’s three major PDP is now an important component of the FQPA of

components -- sample collection, laboratory analysis, 1996, which directs the Secretary of Agriculture to

and database management. In 1998, PDP sampling collect pesticide residue data in a uniform manner on

and/or analytical operations were performed by ten commodities highly consumed by infants and children.

States (California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, EPA continues to be an important recipient of PDP

Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas, Washington, and data to implement the provisions of FQPA. Other

Wisconsin) through cooperative agreements with the government agencies (including FAS) and industry

respective State agencies. have used PDP data to promote the export of American

Figure 2 shows the States participating in the program queries of USDA’s PDP database were requested from

for collection of fresh and processed fruit and various sources to support their risk assessment and

vegetable, and milk samples, which together represent pesticide information priorities.

about 50 percent of the Nation's population. Also

shown are 12 other States (Alaska, Connecticut,

Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Massachusetts, Nevada, New

Figure 4 shows the distribution by State of soybean

EPA’s data needs. 

commodities to international markets. Customized
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

2

Main Objectives

C Provide the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with high-quality data on

residues in food. The data are used for dietary risk assessments and pesticide

reregistration under the requirements of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)

.

C Address the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences’ report

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children.

C Support Foreign Agricultural Service’s international marketing of U.S.

commodities.

C Provide data on pesticide residues which may affect good agricultural practices

relating to integrated pest management objectives.

C Address USDA’s FQPA responsibilities.

C Provide data for reregistration of minor use crops.

Sample Collection

C Statistically reliable sampling plan

C Data used to make national inferences

C Collected near consumer level

C Represents about 50% of U.S. population

C Commodities consumed mostly by infants

and children

C Origin of product retained

C Reflect postharvest fungicide treatments

Laboratory Analysis

C Samples prepared as if for consumption

C State-of-the-art instrumentation

C Detection at very low levels

C QA based on EPA Good Laboratory

Practices

C Verification of detected pesticides

C Multiple residue detection methodology

C Standard Operating Procedures

Database Management

C Customized query capability

C Electronic transmission of data

C Standardized data summaries

C Data available on Internet

Participating States - 1998

C California

C Colorado

C Florida

C Maryland

C Michigan

C New York

C Ohio

C Texas

C Washington

C Wisconsin

ñ

USDA Laboratories - 1998

C AMS Eastern Laboratory, Gastonia, NC

C APHIS, NMRAL, Gulfport, MS

C GIPSA, Kansas City, MO

ñ ñ ñ

ñ ñ

Figure 1. Overview of PDP Management and Operations
Hawaii

Figure 2. Participating States and Their Geographical Distribution Areas

Wyoming

New 

Mexico

Alaska

Michigan

Massachusetts

Vermont

Connecticut

Maryland

Florida

Nevada

States Where Produce is Directly

Participating States

Marketed from Participating States

Wisconsin

Virginia

New Jersey

Delaware

Idaho

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

3

PDP has also provided information to the Codex State and Federal enforcement programs. In 1998, there

Alimentarius Commission and the World Health were about 850 sampling sites granting access and

Organization, both of which operate under the auspices of providing information to sample collectors. Their

the United Nations. The information provided was on cooperation makes it possible to adjust sampling protocols

extraneous residues in foods (environmental contami-nants in response to fluctuations in food distribution.

such as DDT and metabolites), methods of analysis, and 

PDP’s Proficiency Check Sample program. PDP differs markedly from regulatory monitoring

 programs (tolerance enforcement), which require quick

Fruit and vegetable samples are collected at sites as close turn-around times for analysis of enforcement samples.

to the point of consumption as possible. These sites Under tolerance enforcement programs, the sampled

include terminal markets and large chain store distribution commodity may be detained at the distribution facility

centers from which food commodities are released to while awaiting testing results. PDP places emphasis on

supermarkets and grocery stores. Sampling at these searching for residues at the lowest detectable levels rather

locations allows for residue measurements that include than on quick sample turnaround; therefore, analysis of

pesticides applied during crop production and those PDP samples may take more than a month, and does not

applied after harvest (fungicides, growth regulators, etc.), affect commodity distribution. Appendix A is a

and takes into account degradation of these chemicals chronological history of the commodities in PDP from

while food commodities are in storage. Participation as a program inception through 1999.

PDP sampling site is voluntary, which sets it apart from
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

4

II. Sampling Operations

ê Background

The goal of PDP’s sampling program is to select random

samples, using a statistically reliable protocol, that best

represent pesticide residues in the food supply to allow for

realistic estimates of exposure to these chemicals. To

accomplish this goal, samples are collected as close to the

point of consumption as possible at sites where sample

identity is still available. Sampling at these locations takes

into account pesticide degradation that occurs during

transit and storage and also provides information on

residues resulting from postharvest application of

fungicides and growth regulators. The number of samples

collected is determined by State population (fruit and

vegetables) or commodity production figures (grains, milk,

and corn syrup). Fruit, vegetable, and milk samples were

collected by State inspectors; soybeans were collected by

USDA’s GIPSA inspectors; and corn syrup samples were

collected by participating corn refineries. Due to

commodity rotations, some commodities were sampled

only part of the calendar year (cantaloupe collected

July-December, canned/frozen green beans and sweet

potatoes collected January-June, and milk collected

January-October). Sample sizes for all fresh fruit and

vegetables are 5-pounds; processed commodities (canned

and frozen) are 3-pounds; milk, corn syrup, and juices are

1-quart (except for frozen concentrates where sample sizes

are equivalent to 1-quart after dilution); and soybeans are

500 grams for each testing facility.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) provide criteria for

site selection and specific instructions for sample

selection, shipping, and handling. These SOPs are

updated as needed and serve as a technical reference in

conducting program sampling reviews to ensure that

program goals and objectives are met. 

Chain-of-custody for PDP samples is documented on the

Sample Information Form. The forms are used by sample

collectors to record all available sample information, such

as: (1) the State where the sample was collected; (2) the

date of collection; (3) the four-digit code for the sampling

site; (4) the commodity code; and (5) the testing

laboratory code. These five pieces of information are

combined to form a unique “sample identification number”

for recording in the PDP database. Additional information

includes: (1) whether the sample is domestic or imported

and, if imported, the country of origin; (2) the name of the

sampling site, grower, packer, or distributor; and (3)

potential or known postharvest applications. The forms

are also used to keep track of any samples that are not

collected, lost in transit, or damaged and unable to be

analyzed when received at the laboratory.

Support and oversight for all sampling operations is

provided by USDA’s NASS. Subsequent comparisons of

PDP sample origin data with independent estimates of

commodity production figures by State, as well as import

data, indicate close correlation. Consequently, data

collected under this sampling approach are considered

representative of actual pesticide residues in the U.S. food

supply.

In 1998, PDP States participated in transshipment pools

whereby all samples of a commodity that were collected by

the States in the pool were sent to a single laboratory for

analysis. This arrangement created larger sample sets,

increased productivity, and reduced quality control costs.

ê Fresh/Processed Fruit and Vegetables 

Fruit and vegetables, including fresh and processed

products, comprised more than 82 percent of all samples

collected. Fresh commodities collected in 1998 included

cantaloupe, pears, strawberries, sweet potatoes, tomatoes

and winter squash. Processed commodities included apple

juice, canned and frozen green beans, grape juice, orange

juice, canned spinach, frozen strawberries, and frozen

winter squash. Samples were collected at either terminal

markets or large chain store distribution centers.

Participating State agencies were responsible for

compiling and maintaining lists of sampling sites. After

establishing their site lists, States were required to provide

AMS and NASS with annual volume information for each

site (quantity of commodity distributed in 1 year). This

information is used to “weight” the site to determine the

probability for selection. For example, a weight of “10”

may be given to a site that distributes 100,000 pounds of

produce annually and a weight of “1” may be given to a

site that distributes 10,000 pounds of produce. The

probability- proportionate-to-size method of site selection

then results in the larger site (distributing 100,000 pounds)

being 10 times more likely to be selected for sampling than

the smaller site (distributing 10,000 pounds).

Participating States are required to work with NASS to

develop their statistical procedures for site weighting and

selection. States are also given the option of having NASS

perform their quarterly site selection for them. The

number of sampling sites and the volume of produce

distributed by the sites vary greatly from State to State.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

5

Sampling plans that included sampling dates, sites Under this weighted scheme, cantaloupe samples were

(primary and alternate), targeted commodities, and testing collected at twice the basic target rate in July and August

laboratories were prepared by States on a quarterly basis (peak months for product availability). Collection rates

(3-month period). Collection of commodities was returned to normal in September and October and were

randomly assigned to various weeks of the month, prior to reduced to one-half in November and December to reflect

selecting specific sampling dates within the week. Since reduced availability. A similar approach was used for

sampling sites were selected for the entire quarter, States processed commodities where the ratio of fresh/frozen and

were allowed to assign the sites to particular months based juice concentrate/ready-to-serve samples was adjusted to

on geographic location. reflect consumption figures. The resulting data are

State population figures were used to assign the number of consumption patterns based on commodity availability.

fruit and vegetable samples scheduled for collection each

month. These numbers were: California-14, Colorado-2, A total of 7,017 fruit and vegetable samples were collected

Florida-7, Maryland-4, Michigan-6, New York-9, Ohio-6, during 1998 (see Table 1 for the number of samples

Texas-8, Washington-4, and Wisconsin-2, for an annual collected per State). The number of samples collected is

target of 744 samples per commodity. In addition to basic less than the targeted total due to the lack of availability at

collection targets, a new sample collection framework the sampling site or due to samples lost in shipping and

(weighted sampling scheme) was introduced in 1998 to handling. Figure 3 shows the total number of samples per

compensate for the seasonality of selected commodities. commodity and the percentage of each that were either

expected to more accurately mirror U.S. changes in

domestic, imported, mixed national, or of unknown origin.

 Appendix B provides a more detailed breakdown of

sample origin by State or country. Fruit and vegetable

samples originated from 36 States (plus the District of

Columbia) and 25 foreign countries (including mixed

national origin). 

Table 1. Samples Collected and Analyzed per Commodity by Each Participating State

 Fresh F&V Processed F&V Dairy

State CN PE PX ST SW TO WS AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ F&V MK

Total

California 91 158 76 130 72 157 131 139 77 115 148 136 3 -- 1433 139

Colorado 14 24 12 23 12 24 17 24 11 24 24 24 -- 4 237 16

Florida 47 85 42 67 42 83 84 84 42 84 84 84 16 -- 844 50

Maryland 22 39 15 37 24 40 27 37 22 36 38 39 1 12 389 18

Michigan 42 69 33 68 36 72 35 70 36 70 69 71 -- 29 700 60

New York 62 108 54 107 54 107 55 108 54 108 108 108 2 53 1088 99

Ohio 42 71 35 66 36 71 54 72 36 71 72 72 -- 18 716 50

Texas 54 97 48 71 47 97 94 96 47 96 96 95 24 2 964 56

Washington 28 43 21 43 22 46 21 45 23 43 44 46 -- 24 449 38

Wisconsin 12 20 8 19 12 20 12 19 12 18 17 20 1 7 197 69

TOTAL 414 714 344 631 357 717 530 694 360 665 700 695 47 149 7017 595

Commodities

AJ - Apple Juice, R/Co OJ - Orange Juice, R/Co SZ - Strawberries, Frozen

CN - Cantaloupe PE - Pears SW - Sweet Potatoes

GB - Green Beans, C/F PX - Pear, SS TO - Tomatoes

GJ - Grape Juice, R/Co SP - Spinach, Canned WS - Winter Squash, Fresh

MK - Whole Milk ST - Strawberries, Fresh WZ - Winter Squash, Frozen

F&V = Fruit and Vegetables

R/Co = Ready-to-Serve/Concentrate

C/F = Canned/Frozen

SS = Single Serving
65.5% Domestic 33.6% Import

0.9% Unknown

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

6

Pear, Single Serving

(344 Samples)

Cantaloupe

(414 Samples)

Pears

(714 Samples) Strawberries, Fresh

(631 Samples)

Tomatoes

(717 Samples)

Sweet Potatoes

(357 Samples)

Winter Squash, Fresh

(530 Samples)

Figure 3. Commodity Origin (Percentage Domestic vs. Imported)

A. Fresh Commodities
61.4% Domestic

12.7% MN

25.6% Import

0.3% Unknown

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

7

2.4% MN

3.6% Import

1.2% Unknown

Apple Juice

(694 Samples)

Grape Juice

(665 Samples)

Green Beans, Canned/Frozen

(360 Samples)

Orange Juice

(700 Samples)

Spinach, Canned

(695 Samples)

Strawberries, Frozen

(47 Samples)

Winter Squash, Frozen

(149 Samples)

B. Processed Commodities*

MN = Mixed National

* For processed commodities, percentages were mainly derived from packer and/or distributor information.
Dakota

Nebraska

Kansas

Texas

Missouri

States with less than 30 Samples

States with more than 30 Samples

Dakota

Mississippi

Ark. Tenn.

Iowa

Illinois

7

Louisiana

94

21

2

13

9

16

108

40

5

22

24

2

2

14

9

Ind.

55

Alabama

50

16

Ohio

14

Michigan

North

Carolina

4

2

3

Carolina

South

North

South Wis.

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

8

ê Whole Milk 

Milk has a relatively short production/distribution life,

spanning about 2-3 weeks from production to consumer

purchase. Consequently, the product is not warehoused,

but is distributed directly to supermarkets. PDP

sampling was therefore directed at the 200 fluid milk

plants and at approved supermarket surrogates that

marketed the plants’ product directly. According to 1997

milk production data, approximately 56 percent of the

U.S. whole milk supply was produced by the ten

participating States. Using a target total of 62 samples

per month and these States’ relative share of the national

production of fresh whole milk, monthly sampling quotas

were established as follows: California-14, Colorado-2,

Florida-5, Maryland-2, Michigan-6, New York-10,

Ohio-5, Texas-6, Washington-4, and Wisconsin-8.

Chain-of-custody procedures were the same as for fruit

and vegetable samples. Analysis of milk samples was

performed by the California, New York, and Florida State

laboratories.

A total of 595 milk samples were collected from January

through October 1998. Samples collected per State and

origin of samples are given in Table 1 and Appendix B

respectively. 

ê Soybean Sample Collection

GIPSA collected 590 soybean samples representing the

1997 crop year. The number of samples collected by

GIPSA's 13 regional offices was based on average State

crop production data and proportioned according to

harvest and sales data. Sample selection in GIPSA's 13

regional offices was done randomly based on State

determined algorithms. Samples were drawn from

domestic lots representing trucks, hopper cars, and barges

(excluding samples segregated for export). Analysis was

performed by GIPSA's Technical Services Division

Laboratory located in Kansas City, Missouri.

Chain-of-custody procedures were the same as for fruit

and vegetable samples. Figure 4 displays the sampling

distribution of soybeans collected for PDP by State of

origin.

Figure 4. Distribution of Soybean Samples (590 Samples) - Crop Year 1997
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

9

ê Corn Syrup Survey

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) is a corn product

used as an ingredient in soft drinks, juice drinks, ice ê Fruit and Vegetables (Fresh and

cream, and frozen desserts. The sampling survey was

developed in cooperation with the Corn Refiners

Association, whose membership represents virtually the

entire U.S. corn syrup industry. Samples were

collected at 17 plants representing over 95 percent of

corn syrup production. An annual target of 320

samples was established with participating refineries

sampled once, twice, or three times per month based

on plant production capacities. One-quart size samples

were drawn from storage containers at the plants and

sent to the New York State Laboratory for analysis. A

total of 298 samples of HFCS-55 were collected and

analyzed. 

ê Pears Single Serving Survey follows: (1) cantaloupes are cut in half and seeds and

PDP conducted a special survey on single servings of strawberries are washed with stem and leaves

pears in response to an EPA emergency request for removed; (4) sweet potatoes are washed; (5) tomatoes

residue data. Single servings are defined as large unit are washed with inedibles removed; and (6) winter

food items such as apples, oranges, pears, etc. in which squash is washed with stem and/or end pieces

one unit may comprise a serving on a single eating removed. Processed samples are prepared as follows:

occasion. The data, needed to estimate acute (short- (1) fresh and reconstituted apple, grape, and orange

term) risk for organophosphates, were collected from juice are mixed until homogeneous; (2) apple, grape,

July through December 1998. The survey was and orange juice frozen concentrates are diluted

conducted using the same sampling frame used for fruit according to label directions and mixed until

and vegetables, with one pear randomly selected for homogeneous; and (3) canned and frozen fruit and

analysis from each five-pound sample. The remaining vegetables are homogenized with their entire contents,

sample was tested as a composite. A total of 344 including any liquid present.

single serving pear samples were analyzed for 

organophosphates only with results represented in Laboratories are permitted to refrigerate fresh

Appendix E. incoming fruit and vegetable samples of the same

III. Laboratory Operations

ê Overview

Eleven laboratories (8 State and 3 Federal) performed

analyses for PDP during 1998. These laboratories are

equipped with instrumentation capable of detecting

residues at very low levels. The laboratory staff receive

intensive training and must demonstrate analytical

proficiency on an ongoing basis. Program scientists

continuously test new technologies and develop new

techniques to improve the levels of detection. Major

changes in methodology are evaluated and their

soundness demonstrated and documented in

accordance with PDP SOPs.

Processed)

PDP participating laboratories analyzing fruit and

vegetables monitored 53 pesticides plus 16

metabolites, degradates, and isomers using

multiresidue methods (MRMs) and four (4) pesticides

plus two (2) metabolites by single or selective residue

methods (SRMs). Upon arrival at the testing facility,

samples are visually examined for acceptability and

discarded if determined to be inedible (decayed,

extensively bruised, or spoiled). Accepted samples

are then prepared emulating the practices of the

average consumer to more closely represent actual

exposure to residues. Fresh samples are prepared as

rind removed; (2) pears are washed and cored; (3)

commodity for up to 72 hours to allow for different

sample arrival times from collection sites. Frozen and

canned commodities can be held in storage (freezer or

shelf) until the entire sample set is ready for analysis.

Samples (except apple, grape, and orange juice) are

homogenized using choppers and/or blenders and

separated into analytical portions (aliquots) for

analysis. If testing cannot be performed immediately,

the entire analytical set is frozen at -40EC, or lower,

according to PDP's Quality Assurance/Quality Control

(QA/QC) requirements. Surplus aliquots, not used for

the initial testing, are retained frozen in the event that

replication of analysis or verification testing is

required.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

10

For analysis of fruit and vegetables, variations and laboratories developed multiresidue and phenoxy acid

combinations of the Luke I (Section 302 of PAM I) and herbicide extraction procedures. The Florida State

Luke II (FDA’s LIB 3896) extraction procedures laboratory utilizes modifications of the procedures

developed by FDA are used by Michigan, New York, developed by California and New York. All methods

Ohio, and Texas. California, Florida, and Washington were determined, through method validation

utilize modifications of the MRM developed by the procedures, to produce equivalent data for PDP

California Department of Food and Agriculture analytical purposes. Residues are extracted from

(CDFA). The Luke and CDFA methods and their samples using organic solvents followed by solid

variations were determined, through method validation phase cleanup procedures. For phenoxy acid

procedures, to produce equivalent data for PDP herbicides, residues are extracted using organic

analytical purposes. Residues are extracted from solvents, followed by solid phase extraction and

samples using organic solvents followed by various derivatization procedures.

cleanup procedures. SRMs, when employed for 2,4-D,

benomyl, fenbutatin oxide, and formetanate, were Various types of chromatography are used for the

independently validated by the laboratory performing initial identification and quantitation of pesticides in

the analysis. milk. Verification is accomplished by various forms

of mass spectrometry or by alternate detection

Various types of chromatography are used for the systems, depending on the concentration reported. 

initial identification and quantitation of pesticides. All

residues initially identified must be verified.

Verification is accomplished by various forms of mass

spectrometry, atomic emission detectors (AEDs), or by

alternate detection systems, depending on the

concentration reported. LODs for various selective

detectors are lower than those achieved by mass

spectrometry or AEDs. Verification is deemed

necessary due to the complexity of commodity matrices

and the low concentration levels of detected residues.

The verification process provides an extra measure of

confidence in the identification of both the pesticide

residue and its concentration. 

ê Milk accomplished using supercritical fluid extraction (a

Selected PDP participating State laboratories detection or post-column derivatization, highmonitored milk for 44 pesticides plus 25 metabolites, performance liquid chromatography detection.

degradates, and isomers using MRMs and one pesticide

by single or SRM. Upon arrival at the testing facility,

samples are examined for acceptability and discarded

if determined to be leaking, separated, discolored, or

otherwise unsuitable for consumption. Laboratories

are permitted to refrigerate milk samples up to 240

hours to allow for different sample arrival times from

the collection sites. Accepted samples are mixed at

time of analysis until homogeneous and separated into

aliquots for analysis. If testing cannot be performed

immediately, the entire analytical set is frozen at -20EC,

or lower, according to PDP's QA/QC requirements. 

For analysis of milk, the California and New York State

ê Grain

USDA’s GIPSA laboratory monitored crop year 1997

soybeans for 35 pesticides plus nine (9) metabolites,

degradates, and isomers. Upon arrival at the testing

facility, samples are visually examined for

acceptability and discarded if spoiled or otherwise

inedible. Soybeans are refrigerated at 10EC, or lower,

until homogenization, and then ground and analyzed.

Surplus sample aliquots, not used for the initial

testing, are retained refrigerated in the event that

replication of analysis or verification testing is

required. Extraction of soybean samples is

solventless system) coupled with mass spectrometry

ê Processed Grain

The New York State laboratory monitored high

fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) for 83 pesticides and

26 metabolites, degradates, and isomers. Upon arrival

at the testing facility, samples are visually examined

for acceptability and discarded if leaking or otherwise

inedible. Corn syrup samples are stored at room

temperature until ready for analysis and then mixed

until homogeneous. Surplus sample aliquots, not used

for the initial testing, are retained frozen in the event

that replication of analysis or verification testing is

required. Extraction of corn syrup samples is
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

11

accomplished using a MRM developed by the New

York State laboratory. Corn syrup samples are

extracted with organic solvent and cleaned up using

solid phase extraction procedures. Residues are

analyzed utilizing tandem mass spectrometry

technology or post-column derivalization, highperformance liquid chromatography detection system.

ê Special Projects

Selected PDP participating State laboratories analyzed

single serving pear samples for 19 identified

organophosphate pesticides plus 5 metabolites,

degradates, and isomers, in addition to the

corresponding composite samples undergoing

multiresidue analysis. Upon receipt of composite pear

samples for multiresidue analysis, an individual pear is

randomly selected from each 5-pound sample,

prepared, and analyzed according to PDP procedures.

Single serving samples are extracted using established

multiresidue procedures and analysis for selected

organophosphates and their metabolites performed

using selective detectors. Verification is accomplished

by various forms of mass spectrometry or by alternate

detection systems, depending on the concentration

reported.

ê Quality Assurance Program

The main objectives of the QA/QC program are to

ensure the reliability of PDP data and the performance

equivalency of the participating laboratories. Direction

for PDP's QA program is provided through SOPs based

on EPA's Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). A QA

Committee, comprised of program Quality Assurance

Officers (QAOs), is responsible for annually reviewing

program SOPs and addressing QA issues. For day-today quality assurance oversight, PDP relies on the

Quality Assurance Unit (QAU) at each participating

facility. As required under EPA’s GLPs, the QAU

operates independently from the laboratory staff.

Preliminary QA/QC review procedures are performed

on-site by each laboratory's QAU. Final review

procedures are performed by PDP staff who are

responsible for collating and reviewing data for

conformance with SOPs. Additionally, PDP staff also

monitor the participants' performance through

proficiency check samples, QAU quarterly internal

reviews, and on-site visits. Additional information on

PDP's QA program is provided in Appendix C.

IV. Database Management

 

PDP maintains an electronic database which serves as

a central repository for its residue monitoring data.

The central database resides at the PDP Staff Office in

Manassas, Virginia. The data captured and stored in

the PDP database include product information,

residue findings, and process control recoveries for

each sample collected and analyzed along with

QA/QC recoveries for each logical group or set of

samples. Each calendar year survey is stored in a

separate database structure, allowing for easier

administration and reporting of data. 

 

ê Electronic Data Life-Cycle

 

In 1994, PDP implemented the Remote Data Entry

(RDE) system, which is a customized software

application that provides participating State and

Federal laboratories with the ability to enter the

residue monitoring data using interactive data entry

screens and then electronically transmit the data to the

PDP Staff Office via modem and standard telephone

lines. Prior to RDE implementation, all data collected

from PDP laboratories arrived in paper format,

requiring an exhausting data entry process at the PDP

Staff Office.

The RDE data entry screens have extensive edits and

cross-checks built in to ensure that valid values are

entered for all critical data elements (fields). This task

is made easier by the practice of capturing and storing

standardized codes for all critical alphanumeric data

elements rather than their complete names, meanings,

or descriptions. This coding scheme allows for faster

and more accurate data entry, saves disk storage

space, and makes it very easy to perform ad-hoc

queries (data searches) on the database. The data

entry screens also perform edits on numeric fields,

dates, and other character fields to ensure that entries

are within prescribed boundaries.

Several methods of control are employed by the RDE

system to protect the security and integrity of the data.

At the laboratory, the system includes a check to

ensure that a set of data (for 1 commodity for 1

month) has been reviewed and approved for release

by a responsible reviewing officer. This greatly

reduces the chance of receiving incomplete or invalid

data. After one or more data sets are selected for
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

12

electronic transfer to the PDP Staff Office, the data for inclusion in the National Pesticide Residue Database

those sets are written to separate files and those files (NPRD), which is managed by EPA. NPRD holds

are encrypted (scrambled). Also prior to electronic residue data from various sources, including Federal

transfer, a digital signature file is created to accompany and State agencies, colleges and universities, and

each of the data files. The digital signature file private companies.

captures a “picture” of the data along with a private key

code unique to the participating laboratory. After the

digital data files are received at the PDP Staff Office

and are moved to a secure network drive, the files are

decrypted (unscrambled). The validation of the digital

signature attached to the data files ensures that the

sender is an authorized participating laboratory and that

the data files have not been altered or corrupted

intentionally or otherwise. 

At the PDP Staff Office, the RDE system allows the

staff chemists to review the data on-screen and then to

mark the data as ready-for-upload to the central PDP

database. The upload routine launched from the RDE

system converts and passes the data to the PDP

database. The database is presently maintained using

Microsoft Access 97 facilities in a Windows 95/NT

operating environment. Access to the central PDP

database is limited to PDP staff personnel only and is

controlled through password protection and user access

rights. System back-ups are done each night and backup tapes are sent to off-site storage once a week.

ê Data Reporting 

The PDP staff receives and responds to requests for

data from government agencies and interested outside

parties. Ad-hoc queries and custom reports are

generated to fill such data requests. An electronic

library of data queries is maintained to generate

standardized data summaries, including the data tables,

charts, and appendices in this annual summary.

Subsets of the PDP calendar year databases are made

available for download from the PDP Internet web site

at www.ams.usda.gov/science/pdp. The data files on

the web site are ASCII, fixed-length files that contain

a portion of the sampling data, all of the reported

residue findings, and reference lists that can be used to

interpret the standardized codes used in the PDP data.

The data files can be imported into defined database

structures and manipulated using any database

management software package. 

 

Each PDP calendar year database is submitted for

V. Sample Results and Discussion

 

ê Sample Results

In 1998, PDP conducted surveys on various foods

which included fresh and processed fruit and

vegetables, milk, soybeans, and corn syrup. Of the

8,500 samples collected and analyzed, 7,017 were

fruit and vegetable commodities, 595 whole milk, 590

soybean, and 298 corn syrup. Approximately 61

percent of the fruit and vegetable samples (domestic

and imports) had detectable pesticide residues.

Pesticide residues were also detected in 15 percent of

the milk samples and 51 percent of the soybean

samples. No residues were found in any of the corn

syrup samples tested. Approximately 84 percent of all

samples were domestic and 15 percent were imports

(less than 1% were of unknown origin). All imports

were fruit and vegetable commodities. Appendix D

provides a comparison of residues for selected

commodities with a significant import component.

Appendix E shows residue findings for fruit and

vegetables including tolerance violations, minimum

and maximum concentrations detected, LODs, EPA

tolerances, and, where applicable, Codex Alimentarius

maximum residue limits (MRLs) and extraneous

maximum residue limits (EMRLs). Appendices F and

G depict similar information for milk and soybeans.

Table 2 gives an overview of the number of residue

detections per commodity class.

 

The PDP data, as well as other monitoring data, are

used to refine estimates of dietary exposure to

pesticides. EPA uses all data reported by PDP

including sample results reported as below the LOD.

PDP laboratories are required to establish LODs and

to report any instrumental response below the LOD as

a non-detect. LODs are established experimentally for

each pesticide/commodity pair and are reported with

each data set. Non-detects can be used in conjunction

with percent crop treated data to determine what

proportion of these values may be zeroes. Overall, 45
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

13

percent of the samples were reported as below the representative pesticide/commodity pairs in graphical

LOD (non-detects), and for samples with residues, form showing the range of values, the median at the

most detections were below established tolerances. 50th percentile, and range in percentile representing

 

ê National Estimates

 

As discussed in Section II, the PDP sampling frame

incorporates population figures in participating States

(representing approximately 50 percent of the Nation’s

population). There are little or no significant

differences in residue estimates across these States and,

we infer, across all States. More potentially critical are

differences in the residue content of fresh commodities

across months and differences across types of

processed commodities (e.g., frozen vs. canned green

beans). Data availability of food products (volumes of

produce moving through wholesalers), when available,

are used to compute nearly unbiased estimates of

pesticide residues in PDP commodities at the National

level.

Appendix I shows National estimates for selected

pesticide/commodity pairs (including metabolites,

degradates, and isomers of pesticides) with detectable

residues in at least 10 percent of the samples tested. A

range of values for the sample mean (average) residue

concentration for each pair is provided. The lower

value for the range was determined by treating a

sample without detectable residues as if it had a residue

concentration equal to zero. The upper value for the

range was determined by treating such a sample as if it

had a residue concentration equal to the LOD.

Calculations for the 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles for

each of the pairs are shown. The ratio of the 90th processing; or residue concentration or reduction may

percentile to the tolerance, as a normalization factor, is

also provided. These ratios show that, in most cases,

the levels of detected residues are a small fraction of

the tolerances for the listed pesticide/commodity pairs.

Percent detections and percentiles for fresh pears,

strawberries, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes were

weighted to reflect 1998 marketing data. No weighting

adjustments were made for canned spinach, frozen

strawberries, soybeans, and winter squash because

marketing data were not available. The residue

detection percentiles for processed products (apple

juice, grape juice, and green beans) were also weighted

to reflect sales volume data for canned, liquid, and/or

frozen processed products.

Appendix J displays the estimated distributions of eight

the lower and upper bound for the sample mean.

These pesticide/commodity pairs are: acephate/green

beans, thiabendazole/pears, malathion/ soybeans,

captan/strawberries (fresh), methomyl/ strawberries

(fresh), dicloran/sweet potatoes, dieldrin/ winter

squash (fresh), and dieldrin/winter squash (frozen). In

some cases, there is convergence of the upper and

lower bound into a single line, because using zero or

the LOD for non-detected values becomes

insignificant. These graphs visually demonstrate that

the overwhelming majority of pesticide testing results

and the respective means (average values) are at low

concentrations.

ê Fresh vs. Processed

The 1998 data show that residue profiles for fresh

products are significantly different than for processed

products. Pesticides reported in previous years as

frequently used (i.e., with high detection rates) in

fresh apples, grapes, oranges, green beans, and

spinach were either not detected or detected at

significantly different rates than apple, grape, and

orange juice, canned/frozen green beans, and canned

spinach. Various factors may explain these

differences in residue profiles. For example, raw

agricultural commodities, if specifically grown for

processing, are likely to receive different chemical

treatments than fresh market products; only a minor

component of fresh market products is used for

be a direct result of processing effects (heat, time,

product preparation, etc.). Table 3 provides a

comparison of residues for fresh and processed

products which illustrates these findings. Data used

for this table are the most recent data collected by

PDP for the fresh product and 1998 data for the

corresponding processed product. For example,

diphenylamine was detected in 86 percent of fresh

apples in concentrations ranging from 0.014-4.7 parts

per million (ppm), whereas only 7.1 percent of the

apple juice samples were reported to contain this

chemical in concentrations ranging from 0.013-0.066

ppm, much lower than the fresh product. Similarly,

lower detection rates and concentration ranges were

reported for thiabendazole in apple juice compared to

fresh apples. For green beans, processed products 
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

14

 Table 2. Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity

Total Samples % of Samples Different Total

Samples with Residues with Residues Residues Residue

Analyzed Detected Detected Detected Detections

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables:

 Cantaloupe 414 167 40 20 216

 Pear - Single Serving (OPs) 344 233 68 6 306

 Pears 714 671 94 39 1,654

 Strawberries 631 572 91 37 1,698

 Sweet Potatoes 357 212 59 14 262

 Tomatoes 717 441 62 37 963

 Winter Squash 530 221 42 37 329

TOTAL 3,707 2,517 68 82 5,428

 

Processed Fruit and Vegetables:

 Apple Juice 694 439 63 19 739

 Grape Juice 665 259 39 10 275

 Green Beans, C/F 360 217 60 18 450

 Orange Juice 700 116 17 10 149

 Spinach, Canned 695 589 85 16 1,167

 Strawberries, Frozen 47 42 89 16 124

 Winter Squash, Frozen 149 117 79 13 162

TOTAL 3,310 1,779 54 54 3,066

Fruit and Vegetables:

 Number of Samples Analyzed = 7,017

 Number of Samples with Residues Detected = 4,296

 Percent with Residue Detections = 61.2%

 Total Number of Different Residues = 87

 Total Number of Residue Detections = 8,494

 Dairy:

 Milk 595 89 15 5 90

Grain:

 Soybeans 590 298 51 11 370

Processed Grain Product:

 Corn Syrup 298 0 0 0 0

All Commodities:

 Number of Samples Analyzed = 8,500

 Number of Samples with Residues Detected = 4,683

 Percent with Residue Detections = 55.1%

 Total Number of Different Residues = 93

 Total Number of Residue Detections = 8,954

OPs = Organophosphates

C/F = Canned/Frozen
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

15

had more residues of acephate, carbaryl, residues of the DDE p,p’ metabolite were detected in

methamidophos, and vinclozolin compared to fresh approximately 3 percent of the 8,065 samples tested.

products. Residues of DDE p,p’ were found primarily in 21.2

ê Postharvest Applications

Pesticides can be applied before and after harvest

depending on the crop and approved label use. PDP

data captures both pre- and postharvest uses because

samples are collected at points where all pesticide

applications have already taken place. Pesticides with

postharvest uses are fungicides and selected

herbicides (plant growth regulators). According to

USDA surveys (1996 NASS/ERS Agricultural

Chemical Usage Report for Field Crops; 1996

NASS/ERS Agricultural Chemical Usage Report for

Vegetables; and 1993 NASS/ERS Agricultural

Chemical Usage Report for Fruits), use of fungicides

comprised about 6 percent of total U.S. pesticide

usage on PDP fruit and vegetable crops; however, 29

percent of PDP detections in fruit and vegetables

(fresh and processed) were for residues of fungicides.

The inconsistency between usage and residue data

may be due largely to fungicides applied after harvest

to preserve crops during long term storage. These

postharvest applications may result in higher detection

rates because environmental factors (rainfall, sunlight,

temperature, wind, etc.) which promote residue

dissipation of pesticides applied before harvest have

no effect on crops that are in storage. Detections

reported by PDP in Appendix E that were most likely

generated by postharvest applications in the raw

agricultural commodity include residues of the

fungicides dicloran (sweet potatoes), diphenylamine

(apple juice and pears), imazalil (orange juice), ophenylphenol (apple and orange juice, cantaloupe,

pears, and tomatoes), and thiabendazole (apple and

orange juice, and pears). 

ê Environmental Contaminants

DDT, DDD, and DDE

A total of 6,643 fruit and vegetables, 595 whole milk,

529 soybean, and 298 corn syrup samples were

screened for DDE p,p’, a metabolite of DDT. Other

DDT metabolites tested include DDE o,p’, DDD o,p’,

and DDD p,p’. Use of DDT has been prohibited in

the United States since 1972. However, due to the

persistence of this chemical in the environment,

percent of canned spinach, 13.8 percent of milk, 4

percent of the frozen winter squash, and 1.9 percent of

fresh winter squash samples. No residues of DDT or

its metabolites were detected in any of the soybean

and corn syrup samples tested. One fresh strawberry

sample was found to contain residues of DDE p,p’

where no action level was established by FDA and,

therefore, reported as violative. No other samples had

residues above the allowable FDA levels. 

OTHER EXTRANEOUS PESTICIDES

All aldrin, dieldrin (also a metabolite of aldrin),

heptachlor, and chlordane uses (except termiticide

uses) were canceled in the United States in 1974,

1978, and 1986, respectively. However, residues of

dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide (metabolite of

heptachlor) were detected in winter squash samples.

Dieldrin was found in 77.0 percent of frozen winter

squash, 10.3 percent of fresh winter squash, and 8.7

percent of cantaloupe samples. Heptachlor epoxide

was detected in 23.1 percent of frozen winter squash

samples. Chlordane cis was also detected in some

winter squash samples (see Appendix E).

ê Single/Selective Residue Analyses

 

2,4-D

A total of 1,280 samples (694 pears, 494 fresh/frozen

strawberries, and 92 whole milk) were tested for 2,4-

D. Residues were detected in 0.3 percent of the pears

and 3.1 percent of fresh strawberries. No residues

were detected in any of the milk samples tested. All

detections were at levels below the established

tolerances. 

BENOMYL

A total of 1,341 samples (411 cantaloupe, 298

canned/frozen green beans, and 632 fresh/frozen

strawberries) were tested for benomyl, as the

carbendazim metabolite. Carbendazim residues were

detected in 28 percent of the strawberries, in 0.2

percent of cantaloupe, and 0.3 percent of the

canned/frozen green beans. All detections were at

levels below the established tolerances.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

16

Table 3. Selected Residue Comparisons, Fresh vs. Processed

APPLES (1996) APPLE JUICE (1998)

Pesticide w/ Detections ppm ppm w/ Detections ppm ppm

% of Samples Detected, Detected, % of Samples Detected, Detected,

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Value Value Value Value

Carbaryl 12.3 0.010 0.74 32.9 0.007 0.12

Dimethoate 2.8 0.003 0.20 16.9 0.003 0.070

Diphenylamine 86.3 0.014 4.7 7.1 0.013 0.066

Thiabendazole 70.2 0.045 5.4 28.0 0.015 0.80

GREEN BEANS-Fresh (1995) GREEN BEANS-Canned/Frozen (1998)

Pesticide w/ Detections ppm ppm w/ Detections ppm ppm

% of Samples Detected, Detected, % of Samples Detected, Detected,

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Value Value Value Value

Acephate 20.4 0.005 2.2 47.7 0.003 0.54

Carbaryl 3.1 0.011 1.6 6.4 0.007 0.10

Methamidophos 19.1 0.004 0.40 48.5 0.002 0.21

Vinclozolin 3.2 0.036 0.26 14.2 0.010 0.13

ORANGES (1996) ORANGE JUICE (1998)

Pesticide w/ Detections ppm ppm w/ Detections ppm ppm

% of Samples Detected, Detected, % of Samples Detected, Detected,

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Value Value Value Value

Ethion 0.8 0.002 0.038 10.0 0.002 0.003

Imazalil 58.1 0.015 1.1 4.7 0.017 0.25

Thiabendazole 44.0 0.050 1.1 3.7 0.050 0.35

SPINACH-Fresh (1996) SPINACH-Canned (1998)

Pesticide w/ Detections ppm ppm w/ Detections ppm ppm

% of Samples Detected, Detected, % of Samples Detected, Detected,

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Value Value Value Value

DDE p,p’ 58.2 0.004 0.088 21.2 0.005 0.030

Permethrins 60.2 0.008 13.0 78.8 0.13 8.5
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

17

FENBUTATIN OXIDE

A total of 544 pear samples were tested for fenbutatin are almost entirely of domestic origin with only a minor

oxide and its metabolites (SD-31723 and SD-33608). import component. Other crops, such as winter squash

Fenbutatin oxide residues were detected in 6.3 percent and tomatoes, are domestic during warm weather

of the samples tested, SD-31723 residues were months and imported during winter months. Appendix

detected in 2.2 percent of the samples, and SD-33608 D shows a comparison of selected residues detected in

residues in 0.7 percent of the samples. All detections fresh winter squash and tomatoes grown in the U.S.

were at levels well below the established tolerances. and Mexico and residues detected in pears grown in the

FORMETANATE

Formetanate was tested in 542 composite pear

samples. Residues of this compound were detected in

1.8 percent of the samples. All detections were at

levels well below the established tolerance. 

ê Multiple Residue Detections had residues of endosulfan sulfate, compared to 16

percent of the U.S. product. 

The PDP database provides information that can be

used by EPA in evaluating the incidence of multiple For tomatoes, 78 percent of Mexican tomatoes had

residue detections. Multiple residue detections may residues, compared to 58 percent of U.S. samples. The

derive from various sources such as applications of percent of Mexican tomatoes containing residues of

more than one pesticide on a crop during a growing chlorpyrifos, endosulfans, methamidophos, and

season, spray drift, transfer through crop rotation, or permethrins was higher than those for tomatoes grown

persistent environmental residues. The multiple in the U.S. 

residue information is particularly useful in responding

to the 1993 National Academy of Sciences report, For pears, domestic and imports showed approximately

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children, which the same percent of samples with detections. Captan,

recommended that coordinated recording of multiple diphenylamine, and phosmet were present in imports at

residue scans would make possible more accurate a much higher detection rate than in domestic pears.

evaluation of exposure distributions for multiple On the other hand, o-phenylphenol and thiabendazole

chemicals. were present at higher rates in domestic pears than in

 

This information will be very useful in assessing the

cumulative effects of pesticides with similar

mechanisms of action such as cholinesterase inhibitors

and endocrine disruptors. The distribution of multiple

residues in PDP’s database is given in Appendix K.

These data indicate that more than one pesticide

residue was detected in 33.9 percent of the fruit and

vegetables, 0.2 percent of the milk, and 10.5 percent of

the soybean samples tested. No correlation exists

between the incidence of multiple residues and

tolerance violations. 

ê Import vs. Domestic Residue

Comparisons

The data generated by PDP reflect pesticide residues in

foods available to the U.S. consumer which include

domestic and imported products. Most commodities

U.S., Argentina, and Chile. The data indicate that for

fresh winter squash, the percent of samples with

residues is approximately the same for domestic and

import products, but the pesticide profile is different.

Only 1 percent of the Mexican samples had dieldrin

residues, compared to 18 percent of the U.S. samples.

Conversely, 33 percent of the Mexican winter squash

imports.

ê Tolerance Violations 

A tolerance is defined under Section 408 of the Federal

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as the maximum

quantity of a pesticide residue allowable on a raw

agricultural commodity and is applicable to processed

foods. Tolerances are established by EPA for

pesticides used on food crops and based on residues in

food commodities as a result of field trials conducted

by pesticide manufacturers. Pesticide tolerances are

not based on specific health considerations, but were

set to ensure compliance with good agricultural

practices to assure crop protection. Health

considerations are founded on an acceptable daily

intake (ADI) for humans based on toxicity and longterm exposure. Under FQPA, the safety standards for
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

18

a pesticide tolerance is defined as “a reasonable Residues exceeding the tolerance were detected in 0.15

certainty that no harm will result from aggregate percent of all composite samples tested in 1998.

exposure to the chemical residue, including all Residues with no tolerance listed in 40 CFR, Part 180

anticipated dietary exposures and all other non- were found in 3.7 percent of the samples (14 samples

occupational exposures for which there is reliable contained 2 residues without tolerances each). In most

information.” Under FQPA, ADI changes will have a cases, these residues were detected at very low levels

direct relationship in adjusting allowed food uses, and may be due to spray drift or crop rotations. These

hence, either eliminating or lowering presently

established tolerances.

EPA is in the process of revising tolerances to ensure

that they meet the new standards required by FQPA. A

violation occurs when a residue is found which exceeds

the tolerance level or when a residue is found for which

there is no tolerance for that particular crop. With the

exception of meat, poultry, and egg products, for which

USDA is responsible, tolerances for all other foods

(imported and domestic foods moved through interstate

commerce) are enforced by FDA at the National level

and by the States at the local level. When agencies

with regulatory enforcement authority collect samples

for tolerance enforcement purposes, they must adhere

to a quick turnaround time and chain-of-custody

protocols which allow them to detain the sampled lot

until test results are available. PDP is not an

enforcement program. Consequently, sample analysis

does not have to be completed quickly (emphasis is

placed on searching for residues at the lowest

detectable levels--not on quick turn-around time) and

sample collection does not interfere with commodity

distribution. Samples with residues exceeding the

tolerance or samples with residues for which there was

no tolerance listed under the Code of Federal

Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 180 were reported to

FDA regional and headquarters offices. This is done in

accordance with a Memorandum of Understanding

between USDA and FDA for the purpose of

pinpointing areas where closer surveillance may be

needed. FDA enforcement action on PDP samples

generally is not a viable option due to the time lag from

sample collection to data reporting. 

Residues exceeding the established tolerance are noted

as “x” in Appendices E, F, G, and H. Similarly,

residues for which a tolerance could not be found in the

40 CFR, Part 180 are listed as “v”. In both cases, these

annotations are followed by a number indicating the

number of samples reported to FDA. 

residue findings are listed in Appendix L. 

ê Synopsis

In 1998, a total of 7,017 fresh and processed fruit and

vegetable samples, 595 whole milk samples, 590

soybean samples, and 298 corn syrup samples were

analyzed for various pesticides including insecticides,

herbicides, and fungicides. Samples were analyzed

using MRMs capable of detecting various

organochlorines, organophosphates, organosulfurs,

organonitrogens, and N-methyl carbamates. SRMs

were used on selected commodities only: formetanate

in pears; 2,4-D in pears, strawberries and milk; and

benomyl in cantaloupe, green beans, and strawberries.

In addition, 344 single servings of pears were collected

and analyzed for an acute dietary survey of

organophosphates and metabolites. 

Approximately 84 percent of all samples tested were

domestic, 11 percent were imported, 4 percent were of

mixed national origin (mainly orange juice), and 0.5

percent were of unknown origin.

Of all samples tested, 0.15 percent were reported as

containing residues exceeding the tolerance and 3.7

percent as without tolerances listed in 40 CFR, Part

180.

About 45 percent of all samples had no detectable

residues, 26 percent contained one residue, and 29

percent contained more than one residue. Most of the

residues were detected in fruit and vegetable

commodities. Data for single servings of pears

werenot significantly different from composite data.

Environmental contaminants were detected mainly in

spinach, winter squash, and milk. Postharvest

applications contributed significantly to the number of

residues detected in apple juice, orange juice, pears,

and sweet potatoes. Overall, levels of residues

detected were below tolerances.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1998

19

For more information on PDP, contact William J.

Franks, Jr., Deputy Administrator for Science and

Technology at AMS: (202) 720-5231, facsimile: (202)

720-6496, electronic-mail: William.Franks@usda.gov;

or Robert L. Epstein, Associate Deputy Administrator:

(202) 720-2158, facsimile: (202) 720-1484, and

electronic-mail: Robert.Epstein@usda.gov; or Martha

Lamont, Chief, Residue Branch: (703) 330-2300,

facsimile: (703) 369-0678, electronic mail:

Martha.Lamont@usda.gov.

gggg

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin,

gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) 

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact

USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue,

SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 
Appendix A

Commodity History

(A Chronological Listing)

 Appendix A shows a chronological listing of all commodities sampled since the

inception of the program through 1999.
APPENDIX A. COMMODITY HISTORY

Fresh Commodities

Months

Start Date End Date in Program Commodity

May-91 Dec-96 65* Grapes

May-91 Dec-94 44 Lettuce

May-91 Dec-95 56 Potatoes

Aug-91 Dec-93 29 Grapefruit

Aug-91 Dec-96 62* Oranges

Sep-91 Dec-96 61* Apples

Sep-91 Sep-95 49 Bananas

Feb-92 Mar-94 26 Celery

Feb-92 Dec-95 47 Green Beans

Feb-92 Sep-96 55* Peaches

Oct-92 Dec-94 27 Broccoli

Oct-92 Sep-96 48* Carrots

Jan-95 Sep-97 30* Spinach

Feb-95 Jan-98 3

@ Wheat

Jan-96 Oct-98 31* Milk

Jan-96 Jun-98 27* Sweet Potatoes

Jul-96 Jun-99 33* Tomatoes

Dec-96 Feb-98 2

@ Soybeans

Jan-97 Jun-99 30 Pears

Jan-97 Jun-99 30 Winter Squash

Jan-98 Strawberries**

Jul-98 Cantaloupe

Jan-99 Cucumbers

Jan-99 Sweet Peppers

Jul-99 Oats

Reintroduced Commodities

Oct-99 Lettuce

Jan-00 Green Beans

Jan-00 Grapes

Jan-00 Oranges

* Excludes sampling hiatus September (partial) - November 1996

** Frozen collected when fresh unavailable

@ Crop Years

Appendix A. Page 1 of 3
Processed Commodities

Months

Start Date End Date in Program Commodity Type

Apr-94 Mar-96 24 Sweet Corn Canned/Frozen

Apr-94 Jun-96 27 Peas Canned/Frozen

Jan-96 Jun-98 27* Green Beans Canned/Frozen

Jul-96 Dec-98 27* Apple Juice Processed

Dec-96 Dec-97 13 Peaches Canned

Jan-97 Dec-98 24 Orange Juice Processed

Apr-97 Jun-99 27 Winter Squash Frozen

Oct-97 Dec-98 15 Spinach Canned

Jan-98 Jun-99 17*** Corn Syrup Processed

Jan-98 Dec-99 24 Grape Juice Processed

Jan-98 Strawberries Frozen**

Jan-99 Dec-99 12 Spinach Frozen

Jul-99 Pears Canned

Jul-99 Tomatoes Canned

Jan-00 Peanut Butter Processed

* Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996

** Frozen collected when fresh unavailable

*** Excludes sampling hiatus January 1999

Appendix A. Page 2 of 3
Special Projects (Single Serving Surveys)

Months

Start Date End Date in Program Commodity Analyte(s)

Dec-96 Dec-97 13 Potatoes Aldicarb

Jul-98 Jun-99 12 Pears Organophosphates

Jan-99 Dec-99 12 Apples Organophosphates

Jan-99 May-99 5 Apples Carbamates

Jan-00 Peaches

Carbamates, Organochlorines, 

Organophosphates, Organonitrogens & 

Sulfur compounds

Appendix A. Page 3 of 3
Appendix B

Sample Origin by Grower, Packer, or Distributor

Appendix B gives the number of fruit and vegetable and milk samples per State or

country of origin and the number of samples of unknown origin. Where available, origin

of fresh commodities is taken from the grower or packer information. For processed

commodities, origin is determined primarily by packer or distributor.

As shown in Appendix B, fruit and vegetable samples originated from 36 States,

the District of Columbia, and 25 foreign countries (includes mixed national origin). Milk

samples originated from 13 states, with most of the samples produced by participating

states (99%). All milk samples were domestic. 
 APPENDIX B. SAMPLE ORIGIN BY GROWER, PACKER, OR DISTRIBUTOR

(Number of Samples per State/Country)

Part 1. Domestic Samples

Processed F&V Dairy No. of % of 

CN PE PX ST SW TO WS AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ MK Domestic Total

States = 36

Alabama 1 1 2 <0.1

Arizona 27 8 60 95 1.2

Arkansas 2 4 1 134 141 1.9

California 239 107 104 461 113 121 95 54 109 35 35 298 20 16 143 1950 25.6

Colorado 2 3 3 17 6 2 1 13 47 0.6

Connecticut 50 1 10 61 0.8

Florida 44 96 177 11 13 8 10 107 2 50 518 6.8

Georgia 1 11 1 3 2 2 1 21 0.3

Idaho 1 3 10 2 2 12 2 2 34 0.4

Illinois 2 1 22 19 8 30 23 2 17 124 1.6

Indiana 3 1 4 0.1

Kansas 2 2 4 0.1

Kentucky 3 3 <0.1

Louisiana 77 77 1

Maine 2 2 8 3 15 0.2

Maryland 6 1 2 7 8 5 4 2 17 52 0.7

Massachusetts 1 8 385 12 406 5.3

Michigan 3 1 1 2 17 37 28 18 26 14 25 11 60 243 3.2

Minnesota 1 1 1 45 4 1 13 7 73 1.0

Mississippi 4 4 0.1

Missouri 1 1 <0.1

Nevada 33 33 0.4

New Jersey 4 5 22 1 4 2 2 1 1 42 0.6

New York 1 13 12 1 1 7 16 65 23 52 54 22 12 98 377 5

North Carolina 2 107 5 1 2 1 1 119 1.6

Ohio 1 2 2 1 4 21 17 4 14 12 13 3 2 51 147 1.9

Oklahoma 1 1 5 3 10 6 26 0.3

Oregon 140 54 2 9 9 7 3 11 3 9 247 3.2

Pennsylvania 7 19 14 4 5 20 3 1 73 1

South Carolina 1 1 2 <0.1

Tennessee 5 4 8 21 38 0.5

Texas 22 6 31 18 9 28 27 31 58 24 4 18 54 330 4.3

Utah 1 1 7 9 0.1

Virginia 8 13 2 2 1 2 28 0.4

Washington 343 143 2 2 8 72 7 3 1 15 5 36 637 8.4

Wisconsin 2 1 7 4 23 4 3 14 1 39 69 167 2.2

Washington D.C. 3 3 <0.1

Unknown State 4 6 5 6 13 8 31 11 3 11 6 7 111 1.5

No. of Domestics 382 615 324 575 355 431 347 426 353 617 368 687 43 146 595 6264

% of Total (nearest %) 92 86 94 91 99 60 65 61 98 93 53 99 91 98 100 82.3

Fresh F&V

Appendix B. Page 1 of 1
Part 2. Imported Samples

Processed F&V No. of % of 

CN PE PX ST SW TO WS AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ MK Imports Total

Countries = 21

Argentina 42 5 1 75 21 144 1.9

Austria 2 2 <0.1

Belgium 1 1 <0.1

Brazil 2 2 69 73 1.0

Canada 1 23 1 2 27 0.4

Chile 38 11 11 60 0.8

China 11 11 0.1

Costa Rica 2 2 <0.1

Dominican Republic 1 1 <0.1

El Salvador 1 1 <0.1

Germany 19 19 0.2

Guatemala 5 5 0.1

Honduras 7 7 0.1

Hungary 37 37 0.5

Israel 1 1 <0.1

Italy 3 3 <0.1

Mexico 26 1 45 240 170 13 1 10 4 2 512 6.7

Netherlands 8 8 0.1

New Zealand 8 2 9 2 21 0.3

South Africa 8 2 10 0.1

Spain 1 1 <0.1

Unknown Country 2 1 2 1 7 1 14 0.2

No. of Imports 32 98 20 55 0 277 178 178 3 24 88 1 4 2 0 960

% of Total (nearest %) 8 14 6 9 0 39 34 26 1 4 13 <0.1 9 1 0 12.6

Part 3. Mixed National Origin Samples

Processed F&V No. of % of 

AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ MK Mixed Total

Argentina/Austria/Chile/Germany 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Austria/Germany/Hungary 3 3 <0.1

Argentina/Brazil 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Brazil/Chile 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Brazil/Spain/USA 7 7 0.1

Argentina/China/Germany/USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Germany 4 4 0.1

Argentina/Germany/Hungary 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Germany/Italy 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Germany/Italy/Poland 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Germany/USA 3 3 <0.1

Argentina/Hungary/Netherlands 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Hungary/Netherlands/USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Hungary 4 4 0.1

Argentina/Hungary/USA 2 2 <0.1

Argentina/New Zealand/USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/USA 9 2 1 12 0.2

Argentina/Chile/Hungary/Poland/USA 3 3 <0.1

Argentina/Germany/Italy/Poland/USA 2 2 <0.1

Fresh F&V

Appendix B. Page 2 of 3
Processed F&V No. of % of 

AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ MK Mixed Total

Argentina/Austria/Brazil/Chile/Germany/Hungary/Italy/Turkey/USA 5 5 0.1

Argentina/Austria/Chile/Germany/Hungary 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Austria/Chile/Germany/USA 10 10 0.1

Argentina/Brazil/Chile/Mexico/Spain/USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Chile/China/Germany/Hungary/USA 2 2 <0.1

Austria/USA 2 2 <0.1

Belize/Brazil/Mexico 1 1 <0.1

Belize/Brazil/Mexico/USA 1 1 <0.1

Belize/Brazil/Dominican Republic/Mexico/USA 1 1 <0.1

Brazil/Chile/New Zealand 1 1 <0.1

Brazil/Chile/New Zealand/USA 3 3 <0.1

Brazil/Costa Rica/USA 2 2 <0.1

Brazil/Mexico 4 4 0.1

Brazil/Mexico/USA 36 36 0.5

Brazil/USA 2 150 152 2

Chile/Germany/Hungary/Mexico 7 7 0.1

Chile/USA 4 4 0.1

China/USA 4 4 0.1

Germany/Hungary 2 2 <0.1

Germany/Hungary/Moldova 1 1 <0.1

Honduras/Mexico 1 1 <0.1

Honduras/Mexico/USA 2 2 <0.1

Mexico/USA 9 9 0.1

New Zealand/USA 2 2 <0.1

Multi-Country Origin - Countries Unknown 6 2 33 41 0.5

No. of Mixed National Origin Samples 88 16 241 345

% of Total (nearest %) 13 2 34 4.5

Part 4. Unknown Origin

Processed F&V No. of % of 

CN PE PX ST SW TO WS AJ GB GJ OJ SP SZ WZ MK Unkown Total

Unknown Origin 1 1 2 9 5 2 4 8 3 7 1 43

% of Total 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.4 1 0.7 0.6

GRAND TOTALS 414 714 344 631 357 717 530 694 360 665 700 695 47 149 595 7612

COMMODITIES

AJ = Apple Juice, R/Co SP = Spinach, Canned

CN = Cantaloupe ST = Strawberries, Fresh

GB = Green Beans, C/F SZ = Strawberries, Frozen

GJ = Grape Juice, R/Co SW = Sweet Potatoes

MK = Whole Milk TO = Tomatoes

OJ = Orange Juice, R/Co WS = Winter Squash, Fresh

PE = Pears WZ = Winter Squash, Frozen

PX = Pear, SS

R/Co = Ready-to-Serve / Concentrate

C/F = Canned / Frozen

SS = Single Serving

Fresh F&V

Appendix B. Page 3 of 3
Appendix C

Quality Assurance Program Elements

PDP’s Quality Assurance (QA) program covers all aspects of data gathering, from

sample collection to data reporting. QA protocols for sampling are designed to protect

sample integrity from the time of collection to the time of delivery to the testing facilities.

QA protocols for testing comprise all laboratory operations from the time of sample receipt

to the time data are reported to PDP’s central database. PDP laboratories guarantee

reported results by adherence to strict QA requirements. In 1998, 99.8 percent of the data

reported to the database met QA guidelines. Less than one-quarter of 1 percent of

reported results were associated with either fortification and/or process control data which

did not meet QA criteria and were rejected. As described in this appendix, the QA program

has five elements: 1) Standard Operating Procedures; 2) On-site Reviews; 3) Proficiency

Check Samples; 4) Quality Control Procedures; and 5) Method Performance and

Verification Procedures.
Appendix C. Page 1 of 2

APPENDIX C. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - Written SOPs are in place to provide uniform

administrative, sampling, and laboratory procedures. SOPs are revised annually to accommodate

changes in the program. Before submission, data are reviewed by each Quality Assurance Unit for

completeness and adherence to PDP requirements.

2. On-site Reviews - On-site reviews are performed to determine compliance with PDP SOPs.

Improvements in sampling, chain-of-custody, recordkeeping, laboratory, and electronic data

transmission procedures are made as a result of on-site reviews.

3. Proficiency Check Samples - All facilities are required to participate in PDP's Check Sample

program. Check samples are issued to laboratories performing analysis with multiresidue methods

and/or single/selective residue methods. Periodically, one to three prepared commodities, containing

pesticide(s) of known quantities, are sent to the participating laboratories and tested under the same

conditions as routine samples. The resulting data are used to determine performance equivalency

among the testing laboratories, and to evaluate individual laboratory performance. During 1998, PDP

laboratories received three proficiency sample sets consisting of nine fruit and vegetable samples for

multiresidue screening, four sets consisting of 12 fruit and vegetable samples for single/selective

residue screening, one soybean multiresidue set consisting of three samples, and one corn syrup

multiresidue set consisting of three samples. For fruit and vegetable multiresidue screening, a total of

72 samples covering nine commodities were fortified with 35 compounds, with four repeated once and

one repeated twice, at levels generally 1-10 times the overall limit of quantitation (LOQ). Results yield

an overall mean percent coefficient of variation of 23%. Eleven incurred residues were present in these

sets in five commodities, with one residue recurring once, at levels less than 1.0 ppm, with reported

results having an overall mean coefficient of variation of 20%.

4. Quality Control Procedures - PDP operating procedures for quality control are intended to assess

method and analyst performance during sample preparation, clean-up, extraction, and, where

applicable, derivatization. To maximize sample output and decrease the quality control/sample ratio,

samples are analyzed in analytical sets, not to exceed 20 samples per set, which include the sample

set and the following components.

a. Reagent Blank: For analysis of fruit and vegetable, milk, and corn syrup products, an amount

of distilled water, equivalent to the natural moisture content of the commodity, is run through the

entire analytical process to determine glassware cleanliness and system integrity. For grain

analysis, performed by supercritical fluid extraction, an empty extraction cell is run through the

analytical procedure to demonstrate system integrity.

b. Matrix Blank: A previously analyzed sample of the same commodity, which contains either

very low concentrations of known residues or no detectable residues, is divided into two

portions. The first portion is used to give background information on naturally occurring

chemicals, and the second one is used to prepare a matrix spike.

c. Matrix Spike(s): Prior to extraction, a portion(s) of matrix blank is spiked with marker

pesticides to determine the accuracy of the analyst and instrument performance. Marker

pesticides are compounds selected from different pesticide classes (organochlorines,

organophosphates, carbamates), which have physical and chemical characteristics similar to

those in the class they represent. The use of marker pesticides to monitor recoveries is a

modification of PDP’s previous requirements that called for spiking with all pesticides. Because

of the large number of pesticides in the program, spiking with all compounds required several
Appendix C. Page 2 of 2

spike mixtures (to avert coelution problems), which, in turn, resulted in lengthy run times.

During 1998, PDP laboratories quantitated a total of 29,380 matrix spikes, with an overall mean

recovery of 92% and overall standard deviation of 25%.

d. Process Control Spike: A compound of physical and chemical characteristics, similar to

those of the pesticides being tested, is used to evaluate the analytical process on a sample-bysample basis. Each of the analytical set components, except the reagent and matrix blanks,

is spiked with process controls. During 1998, PDP laboratories quantitated a total of 36,248

process controls on 8,500 samples, with an overall mean recovery of 94% and overall standard

deviation of 18%. Of these process controls, 787 (2.2%) were rerun due to initial failure to meet

PDP recovery criteria. These rerun values are not included in these statistics for illustrative

purposes; however, reported data are those obtained from sample reanalysis.

5. Method Performance and Verification Procedures - Laboratories are required to determine and verify

the limits of detection (LODs) and LOQs for each pesticide/commodity pair. LODs depend on matrix,

analyte, and detector used, and range from 0.001 to 0.33 ppm. (Information on specific LODs and LOQs

is available upon request.) Verification by mass spectrometry, atomic emission detection, or a suitable

alternate detection system, is required for all initial determinations. Verified residue amounts above LOD

and below LOQ are reported as below quantifiable level and assigned values at 1⁄2 LOQ at the request

of EPA for use in dietary risk assessment. If a detected residue exceeds the established tolerance, the

sample is reanalyzed from the frozen homogenate, along with the appropriate blanks and a spike of the

residue at the suspected level. 
Appendix D

Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons

PDP was designed to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of pesticide

residues in the U.S. food supply, representing all sources including imports. Most

commodities consumed are generally produced in the United States with a minor import

component. However, several commodities tested over the past several years were cyclical;

part of the year domestic and part import. 

Appendix D compares residue data reported for tomatoes and winter squash from the

United States and Mexico for 1996-1998. Also reported are data for pears from the United

States, Argentina, and Chile for 1997 and 1998. Only residues detected in more than 10

percent of the samples are included in this section of the appendix. All pesticides detected

were registered in the United States. However, the profiles of residue findings were

markedly different in the United States samples versus samples from these exporting

countries. The National differences in residue findings were due to the pesticides used to

sustain crop protection based on the environment, climate, and growing conditions. 
Origin Year

# of 

Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

# of Residues 

Detected

United States 1997 258 90 35 173

1998 347 146 42 208

1997-1998 605 236 39 381

Mexico 1997 161 71 44 107

1998 170 68 40 110

1997-1998 331 139 42 217

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in fresh winter squash are listed in Appendix E.

Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Dieldrin Mexico 156 2 1

United States 375 66 18

Endosulfan sulfate Mexico 331 108 33

United States 605 95 16

1997-1998 Distribution of Residues for Fresh Winter Squash Samples

Originating in Mexico vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10% of Samples)

1997-1998 Distribution of Residues for Fresh Winter Squash Samples

United States Samples vs. Samples Originating in Mexico

Appendix D. Page 1 of 3
Origin Year

# of 

Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

# of Residues 

Detected

United States 1996* 135 82 61 170

1997 498 292 59 573

1998 431 245 57 473

1996-1998 1,064 619 58 1,216

Mexico 1996* 34 29 85 92

1997 193 156 81 445

1998 240 177 74 453

1996-1998 467 362 78 990

* Samples collected for only 3 months in 1996 (July, August and December).

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in tomatoes are listed in Appendix E.

Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Chlorpyrifos Mexico 462 158 34

United States 1,048 44 4

Endosulfan I Mexico 463 138 30

United States 1,049 121 12

Endosulfan II Mexico 463 178 38

United States 1,062 152 14

Endosulfan sulfate Mexico 463 137 30

United States 1,062 140 13

Methamidophos Mexico 462 174 38

United States 1,051 285 27

Permethrins Mexico 274 43 16

United States 733 69 9

1996-1998 Distribution of Residues for Tomatoes

United States Samples vs. Samples Originating in Mexico

1996-1998 Distribution of Residues for Tomato Samples

Originating in Mexico vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10% of Samples)

Appendix D. Page 2 of 3
Origin Year

# of 

Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

# of Residues 

Detected

United States 1997 588 557 95 1,281

1998 615 578 94 1,364

1997-1998 1,203 1,135 94 2,645

Argentina 1997 34 31 91 102

1998 42 40 95 143

1997-1998 76 71 93 245

Chile 1997 66 64 97 247

1998 38 37 97 118

1997-1998 104 101 97 365

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in pears are listed in Appendix E.

Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Azinphos methyl United States 1,195 702 59

Argentina 76 56 74

Chile 104 63 61

Captan United States 1,174 67 6

Argentina 72 29 40

Chile 102 56 55

Diphenylamine-DPA United States 1,189 208 17

Argentina 75 28 37

Chile 102 40 39

o-Phenylphenol United States 1,033 271 26

Argentina 60 0 0

Chile 92 3 3

Phosmet United States 1,047 192 18

Argentina 61 34 56

Chile 92 52 57

Thiabendazole United States 1,187 859 72

Argentina 74 35 47

Chile 100 53 53

Originating in Argentina and Chile vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10% of Samples)

1997-1998 Distribution of Residues for Pears

United States Samples vs. Samples Originating in Argentina and Chile

1997-1998 Distribution of Residues for Pear Samples

Appendix D. Page 3 of 3
Appendix E

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Fruit and Vegetables 

In 1998, 7,017 fruit and vegetable samples were analyzed, of which 6,673 were

composite samples and 344 were single serving samples (pears). Appendix E shows

residue detections for all fruit and vegetable pesticide/commodity pairs tested, including

range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection (LODs), and Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) and Codex Maximum Residue Limit/Extraneous Maximum

Residue Limit (MRL/EMRL) tolerance references for each pair. 

Appendix E lists results by compound in alphabetical order. Sample results for

canned and frozen green beans were combined. Similarly, results for ready-to-serve and

concentrate juice types were also combined. 

Compounds that were required to be reported by all participating laboratories are

underlined. Compounds not underlined are not required and may not be reported by all

laboratories. All reported compounds, required and non-required, must be validated

through PDP method validation procedures. Non-required compounds are not subject to

the same daily quality assurance/quality control requirements as required compounds.

PDP also reports tolerance violations to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

as part of an interagency Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Department

of Agriculture and FDA. Residues reported to FDA are shown in the “Pesticide” column

to the right of the compound and are annotated as “x” (if the residue exceeded the

established tolerance) or “v” (if the residue did not have a tolerance listed in the Code of

Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 180). In both cases, these annotations are

followed by a number indicating the number of samples reported to FDA. 
 APPENDIX E. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE

 IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

1 1-Napthol (metabolite of Carbaryl)

Apple Juice 139 0 0.034 ^ 10 -

Cantaloupe 84 0 0.034 ^ 10 -

Grape Juice 137 0 0.034 ^ 10 -

Green Beans, C&F 70 4 5.7 0.057 ^ 0.034 ^ 10 -

Spinach, Canned 1 1 0.058 ^ 0.006 ^ 12 -

Sweet Potatoes 70 0 0.034 ^ 0.2 -

Tomatoes 142 5 3.5 0.057 ^ 0.034 ^ 10 -

W Squash, Fresh 73 0 0.034 ^ 10 -

W Squash, Frozen 57 0 0.034 ^ 10 -

Total 773 10

2 2,4-D (herbicide)

Pears 694 2 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.006 - 0.010 5 -

Strawberries, Fresh 487 15 3.1 0.010 - 0.049 0.006 ^ 0.05 -

Strawberries, Frozen 7 0 0.006 ^ 0.05 -

Total 1188 17

3 3-Hydroxycarbofuran (metabolite of Carbofuran)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.009 - 0.076 0.2 -

Grape Juice 665 4 0.6 0.015 - 0.051 0.009 - 0.076 0.2 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.076 NT 0.1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.2 0.1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.2 0.1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.009 - 0.020 NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.073 ^ 0.009 - 0.076 0.6 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.009 - 0.076 0.6 -

Total 6643 5

4 Acephate (insecticide)

Apple Juice (V-2) 694 2 0.3 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Cantaloupe (V-11) 408 11 2.7 0.003 - 0.020 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 346 165 47.7 0.003 - 0.54 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 1 0.3 0.021 ^ 0.002 - 0.012 (N) -

Pears (V-1) 712 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes (V-4) 717 4 0.6 0.008 - 0.033 0.002 - 0.010 NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh (V-5) 530 5 0.9 0.003 - 0.12 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6974 189

5 Aldicarb (insecticide)

Apple Juice 544 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Cantaloupe 310 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Grape Juice 500 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT 0.2

Green Beans, C&F 285 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.008 - 0.021 0.3 0.2

Pears 562 0 0.008 - 0.021 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.008 - 0.021 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

Appendix E. Page 1 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 282 0 0.004 - 0.021 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 717 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 367 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 147 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Total 5766 0

6 Aldicarb sulfone (metabolite of Aldicarb)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Grape Juice 650 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT 0.2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.041 0.3 0.2

Pears 682 0 0.010 - 0.075 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.041 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.022 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.021 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.007 - 0.075 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 717 0 0.007 - 0.041 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Total 6598 0

7 Aldicarb sulfoxide (metabolite of Aldicarb)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Cantaloupe (V-1) 408 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Grape Juice 653 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT 0.2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.036 0.3 0.2

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.076 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.036 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.027 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.027 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.007 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 717 0 0.007 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Total 6631 1

8 Aldrin (insecticide) (parent of Dieldrin)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.03 AL 0.05

Cantaloupe 62 1 1.6 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL 0.05

Orange Juice 288 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.02 AL 0.05

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.03 AL 0.05

Spinach, Canned 287 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.05 AL 0.05

Strawberries, Fresh 313 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.1

Tomatoes 287 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.05 AL 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL -

Total 1820 1 -

 -

9 Anilazine (fungicide) -

Orange Juice 212 0 0.018 - 0.083 NT -

Pears 136 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 215 0 0.018 - 0.083 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 229 7 3.1 0.16 - 0.81 0.018 - 0.083 10 -

Strawberries, Frozen 40 0 0.083 ^ 10 -

Tomatoes 76 0 0.083 ^ 10 10

Total 908 7

10 Atrazine (herbicide)

Appendix E. Page 2 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Apple Juice 694 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.033 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.033 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.030 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.010 - 0.033 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Total 6643 0

11 Azinphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 176 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Cantaloupe 110 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Grape Juice 151 0 0.006 ^ 5.0 -

Green Beans, C&F 98 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Orange Juice 186 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Pears, Single Serving 91 0 0.006 ^ (N) -

Pears 197 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Spinach, Canned 175 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Strawberries, Fresh 163 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Strawberries, Frozen 4 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Sweet Potatoes 96 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 197 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

W Squash, Fresh 158 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 12 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 1814 0

12 Azinphos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 29 4.2 0.010 - 0.071 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 2

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 0.2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.006 - 0.024 5.0 1

Green Beans, C&F 359 1 0.3 0.029 ^ 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 700 0 0.006 - 0.025 2.0 1

Pears, Single Serving 344 123 35.8 0.010 - 0.65 0.006 - 0.024 (N) (N)

Pears 712 374 52.5 0.010 - 1.9 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 2

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.006 - 0.025 2.0 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.006 - 0.025 2.0 1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.006 - 0.025 2.0 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

Tomatoes 717 10 1.4 0.013 - 0.089 0.006 - 0.025 2.0 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

Total 6987 537

13 Benomyl (fungicide) (analyzed as carbendazim)

Cantaloupe 411 1 0.2 0.083 ^ 0.050 ^ 1.0 2

Green Beans, C&F 298 1 0.3 0.083 ^ 0.050 ^ 2.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 585 165 28.2 0.083 - 4.0 0.050 ^ 5.0 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 12 25.5 0.083 - 1.2 0.050 ^ 5.0 -

Total 1341 179

14 BHC alpha (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 3 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Total 1109 0

15 BHC beta 

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Spinach, Canned 108 1 0.9 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 181 1 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Total 1109 2

16 BHC delta 

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Total 1109 0

17 Bifenthrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 99 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 - 0.050 1.0 R -

Grape Juice 99 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 45 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Orange Juice 219 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT 0.05

Pears, Single Serving 9 0 0.050 ^ (N) (N)

Pears 99 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT 0.5

Spinach, Canned 203 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 217 24 11.1 0.017 - 0.23 0.003 - 0.050 3.00 1

Strawberries, Frozen 37 2 5.4 0.042 ^ 0.025 - 0.050 3.00 1

Sweet Potatoes 45 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Tomatoes 218 0 0.003 - 0.050 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 46 1 2.2 0.083 ^ 0.003 - 0.050 0.1 R -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1 R -

Total 1451 27

18 Captafol (fungicide) (parent of THPI)

Orange Juice 75 0 0.033 ^ 0.5 -

Spinach, Canned 74 0 0.033 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 76 0 0.033 ^ 15 -

Total 225 0

19 Captan (fungicide) (parent of THPI)

Apple Juice 694 2 0.3 0.020 - 0.027 0.006 - 0.017 25 25

Cantaloupe 401 0 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

Appendix E. Page 4 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Grape Juice 665 2 0.3 0.010 - 0.073 0.006 - 0.017 50 -

Green Beans, C&F 351 0 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Pears 703 92 13.1 0.010 - 1.6 0.006 - 0.017 25 25

Spinach, Canned 610 0 0.006 - 0.017 100 -

Strawberries, Fresh 603 362 60 0.010 - 15 0.006 - 0.017 25 20

Strawberries, Frozen 47 27 57.4 0.010 - 0.61 0.006 - 0.017 25 20

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Tomatoes 715 2 0.3 0.034 - 0.081 0.006 - 0.017 25 15

W Squash, Fresh 530 4 0.8 0.020 - 0.13 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

Total 6525 491

20 Carbaryl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 229 32.9 0.007 - 0.12 0.004 - 0.025 10.0 5

Cantaloupe 408 2 0.5 0.010 ^ 0.004 - 0.025 10 3

Grape Juice 665 245 36.8 0.007 - 0.044 0.004 - 0.025 10 5

Green Beans, C&F 359 23 6.4 0.007 - 0.10 0.004 - 0.025 10 5

Orange Juice 700 6 0.9 0.010 - 0.017 0.006 - 0.021 10 7

Pears 712 18 2.5 0.010 - 0.49 0.006 - 0.025 10.0 5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.006 - 0.021 12 10

Strawberries, Fresh 610 92 15.1 0.010 - 2.8 0.006 - 0.021 10 7

Strawberries, Frozen 47 17 36.2 0.017 - 1.2 0.006 - 0.010 10 7

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.004 - 0.025 0.2 -

Tomatoes 717 2 0.3 0.007 - 0.017 0.004 - 0.010 10 5

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.013 ^ 0.004 - 0.025 10 3

W Squash, Frozen 149 1 0.7 0.013 ^ 0.004 - 0.025 10 3

Total 6643 636

21 Carbofuran (insecticide) (parent of 3-Hydroxycarbofuran)

Apple Juice (V-1) 694 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.006 - 0.025 0.2 -

Grape Juice 650 0 0.006 - 0.025 0.2 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT 0.1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.031 0.2 0.1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.017 0.2 0.1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.025 ^ 0.006 - 0.025 0.6 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.025 0.6 -

Total 6628 2

22 Carbophenothion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

23 Chlordanes Total (insecticide)

W Squash, Fresh 2 2 0.053 - 0.13 0.011 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Total 2 2

Appendix E. Page 5 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

24 Chlordane cis

Apple Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Grape Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Orange Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Tomatoes 107 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.009 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Frozen 53 4 7.5 0.002 - 0.007 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Total 1109 5

25 Chlordane trans

Apple Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Grape Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Orange Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.02

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Tomatoes 107 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.006 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Frozen 53 1 1.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Total 1109 2

26 Chlorfenvinphos alpha/beta (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 1

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.05

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

27 Chlorothalonil (fungicide)

Apple Juice 587 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT -

Cantaloupe 364 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 2

Grape Juice 579 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT 0.5

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

Orange Juice 664 0 0.004 - 0.008 NT 5

Pears 667 0 0.004 - 0.008 NT -

Spinach, Canned 642 0 0.004 - 0.008 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 536 1 0.2 0.027 ^ 0.004 - 0.006 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 46 0 0.005 - 0.006 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 322 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT -

Tomatoes 672 63 9.4 0.008 - 0.57 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

W Squash, Fresh 502 38 7.6 0.008 - 0.58 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

W Squash, Frozen 121 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

Total 6061 102

Appendix E. Page 6 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

28 Chlorpropham (herbicide, growth regulator)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.3 I -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.152 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.023 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.152 0.3 I -

Strawberries, Fresh 609 0 0.010 - 0.15 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.025 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 357 1 0.3 0.028 ^ 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Tomatoes (X-1) 717 3 0.4 0.017 - 0.19 0.010 - 0.152 0.1 I -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 530 1 0.2 0.056 ^ 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Total 6642 5

29 Chlorpyrifos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.011 1.5 1

Cantaloupe (V-9) 408 9 2.2 0.005 - 0.020 0.003 - 0.011 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.014 0.5 R1

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.011 0.05 0.2

Orange Juice 700 1 0.1 0.007 ^ 0.003 - 0.009 1.0 0.3

Pears, Single Serving 344 5 1.5 0.007 - 0.076 0.003 - 0.009 (N) (N)

Pears 712 16 2.2 0.005 - 0.049 0.003 - 0.009 0.05 0.5

Spinach, Canned (V-4) 695 4 0.6 0.007 - 0.014 0.003 - 0.009 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 5 0.8 0.005 - 0.007 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 34 9.5 0.005 - 0.023 0.003 - 0.011 0.05 -

Tomatoes 717 97 13.5 0.005 - 0.13 0.003 - 0.011 0.5 0.5

W Squash, Fresh (V-6) 530 6 1.1 0.005 - 0.022 0.003 - 0.011 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.011 NT -

Total 6987 177

30 Chlorpyrifos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.2

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 266 0 0.003 -0.008 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 7 0 0.003 -0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1252 0

31 Coumaphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.005 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.005 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 7 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

32 Coumaphos oxygen analog (metabolite of Coumaphos)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.008 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.008 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.008 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

33 Cyfluthrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ NT 0.5

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ 0.2 -

Pears 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 1 0.9 0.083 ^ 0.050 ^ 0.20 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.050 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Total 1109 1

34 Cypermethrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.025 ^ NT 2

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.025 ^ NT 0.5

Orange Juice 425 0 0.025 - 0.050 NT 2

Pears 244 0 0.025 - 0.043 NT 2

Spinach, Canned 428 0 0.025 - 0.050 NT 2

Strawberries, Fresh 447 0 0.025 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.025 - 0.050 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.025 ^ NT 0.05

Tomatoes 287 0 0.025 - 0.050 NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.025 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Total 2368 0

35 DCPA (herbicide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.007 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.007 1 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.007 2 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.003 - 0.007 NT -

Spinach, Canned (V-9) 695 9 1.3 0.005 - 0.008 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.006 2 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.006 2 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.007 2 -

Tomatoes 717 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.007 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.007 1 -

Appendix E. Page 8 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.007 1 -

Total 6643 10

36 DDD o,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Total 1109 0

37 DDD p,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 284 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 172 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 259 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 152 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.1 AL -

Pears 441 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 150 0 0.003 - 0.008 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 484 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 213 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 65 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Total 4091 0

38 DDE o,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Total 1109 1

39 DDE p,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 408 5 1.2 0.005 - 0.012 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.007 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1 AL -

Pears 712 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 695 147 21.2 0.005 - 0.030 0.003 - 0.010 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 610 1 0.2 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.007 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 530 10 1.9 0.005 - 0.030 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 149 6 4.0 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 AL -

Appendix E. Page 9 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Total 6643 170

40 DDT o,p' (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 245 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.1 AL -

Pears 244 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 249 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 315 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL -

Total 1657 1

41 DDT p,p'

Apple Juice 284 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Cantaloupe 172 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 259 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.05 AL -

Green Beans, C&F 152 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 AL -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1 AL -

Pears 441 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.5 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 150 0 0.003 - 0.008 1

 AL

 -

Tomatoes 484 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 213 1 0.5 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 65 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 AL -

Total 4091 1

42 DEF-Tribufos (herbicide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.002 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned (V-1) 108 1 0.9 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Strawberries, frozen 3 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Total 1163 1

43 Demeton (insecticide)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 66 0 0.010 ^ (N) -

Pears 136 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Total 614 0

44 Demeton-S (insecticide)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 66 0 0.019 ^ (N) -

Pears 136 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Total 614 0

Appendix E. Page 10 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

45 Demeton-S sulfone (metabolite of Demeton-S)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes (V-1) 108 1 0.9 0.076 ^ 0.003 - 0.005 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1164 1

46 Diazinon (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.5 2

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 0.2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.5 0.2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.7 -

Pears, Single Serving 344 2 0.6 0.007 - 0.084 0.002 - 0.014 (N) (N)

Pears 712 13 1.8 0.003 - 0.091 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 2

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.7 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 9 1.5 0.003 - 0.030 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.5 0.1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.1 -

Tomatoes 717 8 1.1 0.003 - 0.090 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 1 0.7 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 -

Total 6987 34

47 Dichlorvos - DDVP (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Naled)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.017 3 -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.010 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.5 -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.017 3 -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 15 2.5 0.003 - 0.027 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.017 0.5 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Total 6987 15

48 Dicloran (fungicide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.006 - 0.012 10 10

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.006 - 0.010 20 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Pears (V-3) 712 3 0.4 0.010 - 0.047 0.001 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 10

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.006 - 0.008 NT 10

Sweet Potatoes 347 195 56.2 0.010 - 8.7 0.006 - 0.010 10 -

Tomatoes 717 7 0.9 0.031 - 0.62 0.006 - 0.009 5 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Appendix E. Page 11 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Total 6633 205

49 Dicofol o,p' (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ 5 5

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.006 ^ 5 0.2

Grape Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ 5 5

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.006 ^ 5 2

Orange Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ 10 5

Pears 108 2 1.9 0.010 - 0.034 0.006 ^ 5 5

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.006 ^ NT 5

Strawberries, Fresh 181 4 2.2 0.050 - 0.40 0.006 ^ 5 5

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.006 ^ 5 5

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.006 ^ NT 5

Tomatoes 107 0 0.006 ^ 5 1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.006 ^ 5 -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.006 ^ 5 -

Total 1109 6

50 Dicofol p,p'

Apple Juice 694 0 0.006 - 0.018 5 5

Cantaloupe 408 37 9.1 0.010 - 0.060 0.006 - 0.018 5 0.2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.006 - 0.029 5 5

Green Beans, C&F 359 1 0.3 0.049 ^ 0.006 - 0.029 5 2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.006 - 0.033 10 5

Pears 712 8 1.1 0.010 - 1.0 0.006 - 0.029 5 5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.006 - 0.033 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 12 1.9 0.010 - 5.4 0.006 - 0.033 5 5

Strawberries, Frozen 47 5 10.6 0.010 - 0.16 0.006 - 0.033 5 5

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.006 - 0.029 NT 5

Tomatoes 717 14 1.9 0.010 - 0.12 0.006 - 0.033 5 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 3 0.6 0.010 - 0.017 0.006 - 0.029 5 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.018 5 -

Total 6643 80

51 Dieldrin (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Aldrin)

Apple Juice 476 0 0.002 - 0.018 0.03 AL 0.05

Cantaloupe 378 33 8.7 0.003 - 0.095 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 AL -

Grape Juice 500 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 219 0 0.002 - 0.018 0.05 AL 0.05

Orange Juice 499 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.02 AL 0.05

Pears 503 0 0.002 - 0.018 0.03 AL 0.05

Spinach, Canned 505 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.05 AL 0.05

Strawberries, Fresh 459 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 221 2 0.9 0.004 - 0.036 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 AL 0.1

Tomatoes 525 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.05 AL 0.1

W Squash, Fresh (X-1) 464 48 10.3 0.004 - 0.55 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 148 114 77.0 0.003 - 0.099 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 AL -

Total 4940 197

52 Dimethoate (insecticide) (parent of Omethoate)

Apple Juice 694 117 16.9 0.003 - 0.070 0.002 - 0.009 2 1

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.009 1 -

Grape Juice 665 4 0.6 0.003 - 0.005 0.002 - 0.009 1 1

Green Beans, C&F 359 5 1.4 0.003 - 0.012 0.002 - 0.009 2 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.010 2 2

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.009 (N) (N)

Pears 712 2 0.3 0.005 - 0.025 0.002 - 0.009 2 1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.010 2 1

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Tomatoes 717 3 0.4 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.010 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Appendix E. Page 12 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Total 6987 131

53 Dinocap (fungicide)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.039 ^ NT -

Pears 136 0 0.039 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.039 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.039 ^ NT -

Total 548 0

54 Diphenamid (herbicide)

Apple Juice 150 0 0.018 ^ 0.1 -

Cantaloupe 98 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 165 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 59 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 165 0 0.17 ^ NT -

Pears 150 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 164 0 0.17 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 47 0 0.17 ^ 1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 36 0 0.17 ^ 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 60 0 0.018 ^ 0.1 -

Tomatoes 165 0 0.17 ^ 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh 163 0 0.018 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 2 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Total 1424 0

55 Diphenylamine (fungicide)

Apple Juice 694 49 7.1 0.013 - 0.066 0.008 - 0.030 10 5

Cantaloupe (V-8) 408 8 1.9 0.013 - 0.050 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Grape Juice 664 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Orange Juice (V-1) 700 1 0.1 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.17 NT -

Pears (V-130) 712 130 18.3 0.013 - 3.0 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.008 - 0.17 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 610 1 0.2 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.17 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.17 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-4) 357 4 1.1 0.017 - 0.025 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Tomatoes 715 0 0.008 - 0.17 NT -

W Squash, Fresh (V-6) 530 6 1.1 0.013 - 0.050 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 149 1 0.7 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Total 6640 200

56 Disulfoton (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.010 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Total 6987 0

57 Disulfoton sulfone (metabolite of Disulfoton)

Apple Juice 686 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Grape Juice 642 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 351 0 0.004 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Orange Juice 677 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Appendix E. Page 13 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.004 - 0.010 (N) -

Pears 674 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 671 0 0.004 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.004 - 0.015 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.004 - 0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 349 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Tomatoes 694 1 0.1 0.016 ^ 0.004 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 522 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Total 6824 1

58 Diuron (herbicide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.030 ^ 1 -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.030 ^ 1 -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.030 ^ 1 -

Pears 108 0 0.030 ^ 1 -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.030 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.030 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Total 1109 0

59 Endosulfan I (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 1

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.005 NT 2

Pears 712 4 0.6 0.003 - 0.022 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 610 25 4.1 0.003 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Strawberries, Frozen 47 3 6.4 0.008 ^ 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 357 2 0.6 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.007 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 717 121 16.9 0.003 - 0.41 0.002 - 0.006 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 32 6.0 0.003 - 0.033 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 149 3 2.0 0.008 - 0.020 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 2

Total 6643 190

60 Endosulfan II

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 1

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.011 2.0 2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT 2

Pears 712 13 1.8 0.003 - 0.042 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 610 36 5.9 0.003 - 0.27 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Strawberries, Frozen 47 4 8.5 0.013 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 357 1 0.3 0.007 ^ 0.003 - 0.007 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 717 148 20.6 0.005 - 0.38 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 10 1.9 0.005 - 0.027 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 2

Total 6643 212

61 Endosulfan sulfate (metabolite of Endosulfan)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 1

Cantaloupe 408 40 9.8 0.005 - 0.047 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.015 2.0 2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT 2

Appendix E. Page 14 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Pears 712 17 2.4 0.005 - 0.076 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 1

Spinach, Canned 695 6 0.9 0.012 - 0.022 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 610 45 7.4 0.005 - 0.088 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Strawberries, Frozen 47 3 6.4 0.013 - 0.045 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 357 4 1.1 0.005 - 0.008 0.003 - 0.010 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 717 118 16.5 0.005 - 0.089 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 110 20.8 0.005 - 0.048 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 149 7 4.7 0.005 - 0.060 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

Total 6643 350

62 Endrin (insecticide)

Orange Juice 165 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 164 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 132 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 40 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 165 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.05

Total 666 0

63 Esfenvalerate (insecticide) (isomer of Fenvalerate)

Apple Juice 555 0 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 -

Cantaloupe 324 0 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 -

Grape Juice 528 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 289 0 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 -

Orange Juice 383 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 9 0 0.09^ (N) -

Pears 576 2 0.3 0.033 - 0.050 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 -

Spinach, Canned (V-1) 375 1 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 344 1 0.3 0.033 ^ 0.020 - 0.038 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 7 0 0.020 - 0.038 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 287 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Tomatoes 395 0 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 -

W Squash, Fresh 457 1 0.2 0.035 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 -

W Squash, Frozen 92 0 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 -

Total 4621 5

64 Ethalfluralin (herbicide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.050 ^ 0.05 -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.050 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.050 ^ 0.05 -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.050 ^ 0.05 -

Total 1109 0

Appendix E. Page 15 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

65 Ethion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 5

Orange Juice 700 70 10.0 0.002 - 0.003 0.001 - 0.010 2.0 -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.001 - 0.006 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.001 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.001 - 0.010 2.0 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 1 2.1 0.017 ^ 0.001 - 0.010 2.0 -

Sweet Potatoes (V-2) 357 2 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes 717 3 0.4 0.005 - 0.012 0.001 - 0.010 2.0 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-2) 530 2 0.4 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-3) 149 3 2.0 0.005 - 0.014 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6987 82

66 Ethoprop (insecticide)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 66 0 0.015 ^ (N) -

Pears 136 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.015 ^ NT 0.02

Total 614 0

67 Fenamiphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.009 0.25 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT 0.05

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.009 0.10 0.1

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.012 0.60 0.5

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.012 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.012 0.6 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.6 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT 0.1

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Total 6987 0

68 Fenamiphos sulfone (metabolite of Fenamiphos)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.25 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT 0.05

Grape Juice 650 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.10 0.1

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.005 - 0.020 0.60 0.5

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.005 - 0.036 (N) -

Pears 682 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.005 - 0.020 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.005 - 0.020 0.6 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.005 - 0.020 0.6 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT 0.1

Tomatoes 717 0 0.005 - 0.020 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Total 6942 0

69 Fenamiphos sulfoxide (metabolite of Fenamiphos)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.25 -

Cantaloupe 200 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT 0.05

Grape Juice 349 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.10 0.1

Green Beans, C&F 187 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Orange Juice 334 0 0.005 - 0.022 0.60 0.5

Pears, Single Serving 155 0 0.005 - 0.022 (N) -

Appendix E. Page 16 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Pears 365 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Spinach, Canned 341 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 315 0 0.005 - 0.014 0.6 -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.005 ^ 0.6 -

Sweet Potatoes 186 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT 0.1

Tomatoes 340 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 209 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 135 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT -

Total 3487 0

70 Fenbutatin oxide (insecticide) (parent of SD-31723 & SD-33608)

Pears 544 34 6.3 0.010 - 0.66 0.006 ^ 15.0 5

Total 544 34

71 Fenitrothion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 2

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.001 ^ (N) (N)

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

72 Fenitrothion oxygen analog (metabolite of Fenitrothion)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.001 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

73 Fenpropathrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 9 0 0.025 ^ NT 5

Cantaloupe 4 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 19 0 0.025 ^ NT 5

Orange Juice 9 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Pears 16 0 0.025 ^ NT 5

Spinach, Canned 18 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (X-1) 102 31 30.4 0.012 - 2.1 0.007 - 0.026 2.0 -

Strawberries, Frozen 37 5 13.5 0.042 - 0.53 0.025 ^ 2.0 -

Tomatoes 18 0 0.025 ^ 0.6 1

W Squash, Fresh 18 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Total 250 36

74 Fenthion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT 2

Appendix E. Page 17 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

75 Fenvalerate (insecticide) (parent of Esfenvalerate)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.030 - 0.33 2.0 2

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.030 - 0.33 1.0 0.2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.40 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.030 - 0.33 2.0 1

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.092 NT 2

Pears, Single Serving 9 0 0.003 ^ (N) (N)

Pears 712 6 0.8 0.005 - 0.30 0.003 - 0.092 2.0 2

Spinach, Canned (V-1) 695 1 0.1 0.10 ^ 0.003 - 0.092 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.076 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.076 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.030 - 0.33 NT 0.05

Tomatoes 717 5 0.7 0.050 - 0.13 0.003 - 0.33 1.0 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.33 1.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.030 - 0.33 1.0 0.5

Total 6652 12

76 Folpet (fungicide) (parent of THPI)

Apple Juice 619 1 0.2 0.035 ^ 0.010 - 0.12 25 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.010 - 0.030 15 -

Grape Juice 610 1 0.2 0.16 ^ 0.010 - 0.12 25 2

Green Beans, C&F 268 0 0.010 - 0.12 NT -

Orange Juice 653 0 0.009 - 0.12 NT -

Pears 648 0 0.009 - 0.12 NT -

Spinach, Canned 571 0 0.009 - 0.12 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 581 6 1.0 0.050 - 0.33 0.009 - 0.12 25 20

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.019 - 0.033 25 20

Sweet Potatoes 284 0 0.010 - 0.12 NT -

Tomatoes 655 0 0.010 - 0.12 25 -

W Squash, Fresh 473 0 0.010 - 0.12 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.010 - 0.12 NT -

Total 5964 8

77 Fonofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 631 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Grape Juice 622 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 296 0 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 -

Orange Juice 641 0 0.002 - 0.015 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 335 0 0.002 - 0.018 (N) -

Pears 627 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Spinach, Canned 636 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.1 -

Strawberries, Fresh 570 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.1 -

Sweet Potatoes 296 0 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 -

Tomatoes 667 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh 484 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.018 NT -

Total 6407 0

Appendix E. Page 18 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

78 Fonofos oxygen analog (metabolite of Fonofos)

Apple Juice 465 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Cantaloupe 373 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Grape Juice 482 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 148 0 0.002 - 0.019 0.1 -

Orange Juice 425 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 335 0 0.001 - 0.019 (N) -

Pears 503 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Spinach, Canned 441 0 0.001 - 0.019 0.1 -

Strawberries, Fresh 359 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 39 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.1 -

Sweet Potatoes 150 0 0.001 - 0.019 0.1 -

Tomatoes 412 0 0.001 - 0.019 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh 352 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 124 0 0.001 - 0.019 NT -

Total 4608 0

79 Formetanate (insecticide)

Pears 542 10 1.8 0.083 - 0.15 0.05 ^ 3 -

Total 542 10

80 Heptachlor (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

Orange Juice 300 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL 0.01

Pears 129 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Spinach, Canned 299 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh 324 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

Tomatoes 287 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 AL -

Total 1876 0

81 Heptachlor epoxide (metabolite of Heptachlor)

Apple Juice 199 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Cantaloupe 116 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Grape Juice 196 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 102 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Orange Juice 389 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL 0.01

Pears 220 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Spinach, Canned 391 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 324 1 0.3 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 102 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Tomatoes 378 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

W Squash, Fresh 121 2 1.7 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

W Squash, Frozen 78 18 23.1 0.002 - 0.010 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 AL -

Total 2659 21

82 Hexachlorobenzene - HCB (impurity of Quintozene)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.005 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

Orange Juice 685 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Appendix E. Page 19 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Total 6628 0

83 Imazalil (fungicide)

Apple Juice (V-2) 659 2 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.070 NT 5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT 2

Grape Juice 630 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Orange Juice 700 33 4.7 0.017 - 0.25 0.010 - 0.57 10.0 5

Pears 712 0 0.010 - 0.055 NT 5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.17 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.60 NT 2

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.17 NT 2

Sweet Potatoes 342 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.010 - 0.17 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 515 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Total 6543 35

84 Iprodione (fungicide)

Apple Juice (V-2) 694 2 0.3 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.031 NT 5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

Grape Juice 665 10 1.5 0.025 - 0.052 0.008 - 0.031 60.0 10

Green Beans, C&F 359 4 1.1 0.013 - 0.16 0.008 - 0.031 2.0 2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.015 - 0.050 NT 5

Pears (V-8) 712 8 1.1 0.013 - 1.4 0.008 - 0.024 NT 5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.015 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 291 47.7 0.025 - 5.5 0.015 - 0.050 15.0 10

Strawberries, Frozen 47 16 34.0 0.035 - 1.6 0.015 - 0.050 15.0 10

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

Tomatoes (V-3) 717 3 0.4 0.025 - 0.13 0.015 - 0.050 NT 5

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

Total 6643 334

85 Iprodione metobolite isomer (metabolite of Iprodione)

Strawberries, Fresh 21 21 0.020 - 0.051 0.012 ^ 15.0 -

Total 21 21

86 Lindane - BHC gamma (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.5 AL -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.5 AL -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.004 1 2

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.003 1 3

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.003 1 3

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.5 AL -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.004 3 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

Total 6643 0

87 Linuron (herbicide)

Apple Juice 134 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Cantaloupe 92 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Grape Juice 120 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 247 0 0.003 - 0.042 NT -

Pears 138 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 240 0 0.003 - 0.042 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 249 0 0.003 - 0.042 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 41 0 0.003 - 0.042 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 20 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Tomatoes 256 0 0.003 - 0.042 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 78 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 55 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Total 1758 0

88 Malathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 2

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 8

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 4

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.018 (N) (N)

Pears 712 2 0.3 0.012 - 0.015 0.002 - 0.018 8 0.5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 8

Strawberries, Fresh 610 86 14.1 0.003 - 0.30 0.002 - 0.009 8 1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 9 19.1 0.003 - 0.040 0.002 - 0.008 8 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.018 1 0.5

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 3

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 -

Total 6987 97

89 Malathion oxygen analog (metabolite of Malathion)

Strawberries, Fresh 18 18 0.002 - 0.007 0.001 ^ 8 -

Total 18 18

90 Metalaxyl (fungicide)

Apple Juice 379 0 0.003 - 0.20 0.2 1

Cantaloupe 244 4 1.6 0.013 - 0.030 0.003 - 0.20 1.0 0.2

Grape Juice 377 0 0.003 - 0.20 2.0 1

Green Beans, C&F 165 1 0.6 0.054 ^ 0.003 - 0.018 0.2 -

Orange Juice 228 0 0.003 - 0.20 1.0 5

Pears, Single Serving 9 0 0.20^ (N) (N)

Pears 288 0 0.003 - 0.20 NT 1

Spinach, Canned 212 3 1.4 0.017 - 0.025 0.003 - 0.20 10.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 181 15 8.3 0.010 - 0.33 0.003 - 0.20 10.0 -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 - 0.20 10.0 -

Sweet Potatoes 166 0 0.003 - 0.018 0.5 -

Tomatoes 323 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.20 1.0 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 269 10 3.7 0.013 - 0.077 0.003 - 0.20 1.0 0.2

W Squash, Frozen 104 0 0.003 - 0.018 1.0 0.2

Total 2948 34

91 Methamidophos (insecticide) (metabolite of Acephate)

Apple Juice (V-24) 694 24 3.5 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 4 0.9 0.002 - 0.047 0.001 - 0.006 0.5 0.5

Grape Juice 665 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans, C&F (V-2) 340 165 48.5 0.002 - 0.21 0.001 - 0.006 NT 1 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.001 - 0.017 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.001 - 0.010 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.001 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.001 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-2) 610 2 0.3 0.005 - 0.073 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes 717 185 25.8 0.002 - 0.27 0.001 - 0.017 1.0 0.01

W Squash, Fresh (V-9) 530 9 1.7 0.002 - 0.030 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6968 389

92 Methidathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.2

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Orange Juice 700 5 0.7 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Appendix E. Page 21 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.010 (N) (N)

Pears 712 3 0.4 0.007 - 0.013 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 0.5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Total 6987 8

93 Methiocarb (insecticide) (analyzed as sulfoxide)

Apple Juice 176 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 110 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 151 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 98 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 503 0 0.015 - 0.043 0.02 0.05

Pears 333 0 0.016 - 0.043 NT -

Spinach, Canned 495 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 429 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 44 0 0.016 - 0.017 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 96 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 377 0 0.015 - 0.017 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 158 0 0.016 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 12 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Total 2982 0

94 Methomyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 1 0.1 0.012 ^ 0.007 - 0.032 1 2

Cantaloupe 408 27 6.6 0.012 - 0.12 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 0.2

Grape Juice 665 0 0.007 - 0.032 5 5

Green Beans, C&F 359 3 0.8 0.034 - 0.16 0.007 - 0.032 2 2

Orange Juice 700 1 0.1 0.071 ^ 0.008 - 0.032 2 1

Pears 712 1 0.1 0.066 ^ 0.008 - 0.032 4

 R 2

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.008 - 0.032 6 5

Strawberries, Fresh (X-6) 610 164 26.9 0.013 - 4.4 0.008 - 0.017 2 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 5 10.6 0.028 - 1.0 0.008 - 0.017 2 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

Tomatoes 717 2 0.3 0.012 - 0.013 0.007 - 0.032 1 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

Total 6643 204

95 Methoxychlor Total (insecticide)

Apple Juice 284 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Cantaloupe 172 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Grape Juice 259 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Green Beans, C&F 152 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.005 - 0.020 NT -

Pears 441 2 0.5 0.010 - 0.14 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.005 - 0.020 14 -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.005 - 0.020 14 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Sweet Potatoes 150 0 0.006 - 0.020 7 -

Tomatoes 484 0 0.005 - 0.020 14 -

W Squash, Fresh 213 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

W Squash, Frozen 65 0 0.006 - 0.020 14 -

Total 4091 2

96 Methoxychlor p,p'

Apple Juice 410 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

Cantaloupe 236 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

Grape Juice 406 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

Green Beans, C&F 207 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

Orange Juice 89 0 0.023 ^ NT -

Pears 271 1 0.4 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.023 14 -

Appendix E. Page 22 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Spinach, Canned 92 0 0.023 ^ 14 -

Sweet Potatoes 207 0 0.009 - 0.026 7 -

Tomatoes 233 0 0.023 - 0.026 14 -

W Squash, Fresh 317 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

W Squash, Frozen 84 0 0.009 - 0.026 14 -

Total 2552 1

97 Mevinphos E/Z or Total (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.05

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.5

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.25 0.1

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.017 0.2 0.2

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.014 (N) (N)

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.2

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.017 1.0 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.017 1.0 1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 3 6.4 0.028 - 0.15 0.002 - 0.017 1.0 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.017 0.2 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

Total 6987 3

98 Myclobutanil (fungicide)

Apple Juice 658 0 0.008 - 0.045 0.5 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.008 - 0.045 0.3 R -

Grape Juice 630 0 0.008 - 0.045 1.0 1

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.015 - 0.083 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.008 - 0.057 NT 0.5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.015 - 0.083 NT -

Strawberries,Fresh (X-1) 610 123 20.2 0.025 - 0.55 0.015 - 0.083 0.5 R -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 7 14.9 0.025 - 0.14 0.015 - 0.083 0.5 R -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Tomatoes 717 1 0.1 0.16 ^ 0.015 - 0.083 0.3 R18 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.045 0.3 R -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.008 - 0.045 0.3 R -

Total 6572 132

99 Norflurazon (herbicide)

Apple Juice 414 0 0.013 - 0.039 0.1 -

Cantaloupe 357 0 0.013 - 0.039 NT -

Grape Juice 433 0 0.013 - 0.039 0.1 -

Green Beans, C&F 96 0 0.013 - 0.039 NT -

Orange Juice 444 0 0.013 - 0.12 0.2 -

Pears 441 0 0.013 - 0.12 0.1 -

Spinach, Canned 454 0 0.013 - 0.12 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 349 0 0.013 - 0.12 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.013 - 0.042 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 98 0 0.013 - 0.039 NT -

Tomatoes 450 0 0.013 - 0.042 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 327 0 0.013 - 0.039 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 97 0 0.013 - 0.039 NT -

Total 4003 0

100 Norflurazon desmethyl (metabolite of Norflurazon)

Apple Juice 414 0 0.015 - 0.043 0.1 -

Cantaloupe 357 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Grape Juice 433 0 0.015 - 0.043 0.1 -

Green Beans, C&F 96 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Orange Juice 444 0 0.015 - 0.18 0.2 -

Pears 440 0 0.015 - 0.18 0.1 -

Spinach, Canned 452 0 0.015 - 0.18 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 349 0 0.013 - 0.18 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.015 - 0.042 NT -

Appendix E. Page 23 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Sweet Potatoes 98 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Tomatoes 450 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 327 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 97 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Total 4000 0

101 Omethoate (metabolite of Dimethoate)

Apple Juice 694 31 4.5 0.008 - 0.015 0.004- 0.018 2 1

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.004- 0.018 1 -

Grape Juice 665 1 0.2 0.015 ^ 0.004- 0.018 1 1

Green Beans, C&F 359 3 0.8 0.007 - 0.008 0.004- 0.018 2 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.004- 0.017 2 2

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.004- 0.018 (N) (N)

Pears 712 2 0.3 0.008 - 0.028 0.004- 0.018 2 1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.004- 0.017 2 1

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.004- 0.017 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.004- 0.017 NT 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.004- 0.018 NT -

Tomatoes 717 32 4.5 0.007 - 0.036 0.004- 0.017 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.004- 0.018 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.004- 0.018 NT -

Total 6987 69

102 Ovex (insecticide)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Pears 136 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 548 0

103 Oxadixyl (fungicide)

Tomatoes 1 1 0.078 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.1 -

Total 1 1

104 Oxamyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.009 - 0.035 2 2

Cantaloupe 408 1 0.2 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 2

Grape Juice 653 0 0.009 - 0.035 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.009 - 0.035 NT 0.2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.010 - 0.035 3 5

Pears 712 8 1.1 0.030 - 0.15 0.010 - 0.035 2.0 -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.010 - 0.035 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.009 - 0.035 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 717 4 0.6 0.015 - 0.058 0.009 - 0.035 2 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 1 0.2 0.90 ^ 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 -

Total 6631 14

105 Oxychlordane (metabolite of Chlordane)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Grape Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.02

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Orange Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.02

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.02

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Tomatoes 107 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL 0.02

Total 1109 0

Appendix E. Page 24 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

106 Oxydemeton methyl sulfone (insecticide) (metabolite of Oxydemeton methyl)

Apple Juice 500 0 0.003 - 0.091 1 -

Cantaloupe 373 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.3 -

Grape Juice 509 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.1 -

Green Beans, C&F 175 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.5 -

Orange Juice 563 0 0.003 - 0.056 1 -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.091 (N) -

Pears 551 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.3 -

Spinach, Canned 522 0 0.003 - 0.056 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 457 0 0.003 - 0.050 2 -

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.003 - 0.050 2 -

Sweet Potatoes 177 0 0.003 - 0.091 NT -

Tomatoes 528 0 0.003 - 0.056 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 379 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.3 -

W Squash, Frozen 133 0 0.003 - 0.091 0.3 -

Total 5256 0

107 Oxyfluorfen (herbicide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 R -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 R -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.010 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.010 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Total 1109 0

108 Parathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 603 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Cantaloupe 354 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Grape Juice 576 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Green Beans, C&F 311 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.002 - 0.017 1 0.5

Pears, Single Serving 301 0 0.002 - 0.010 (N) -

Pears 621 0 0.002 - 0.010 1 -

Spinach, Canned (X-1) 603 8 1.3 0.003 - 1.6 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 309 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.1 -

Tomatoes 626 4 0.6 0.011 - 0.012 0.002 - 0.017 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 464 5 1.1 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 124 2 1.6 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Total 6160 20

109 Parathion methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 15 4.2 0.005 - 0.078 0.002 - 0.013 1 0.05

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Pears, Single Serving 344 58 16.9 0.003 - 0.080 0.002 - 0.013 (N) -

Pears 712 76 10.7 0.003 - 0.082 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 0.5

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.008 1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.008 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 357 1 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 0.1 -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Total 6987 151

Appendix E. Page 25 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

110 Pentachloroaniline - PCA (metabolite of Quintozene)

Orange Juice 137 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Pears 136 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 141 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 134 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Total 548 0

111 Pentachlorobenzene - PCB (metabolite of Quintozene)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.005 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

Orange Juice 685 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Tomatoes 702 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 530 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Total 6613 1

112 Permethrin Total (insecticide)

Orange Juice (V-1) 180 1 0.6 0.13 ^ 0.076 ^ NT 0.5

Spinach, Canned 179 141 78.8 0.13 - 8.5 0.076 ^ 20.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 132 0 0.075 - 0.076 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 40 0 0.076 ^ NT 1

Tomatoes 180 14 7.8 0.13 - 0.30 0.076 ^ 2 1

Total 711 156

113 Permethrin cis

Apple Juice 676 0 0.008 - 0.032 0.05 2

Cantaloupe 408 1 0.2 0.026 ^ 0.008 - 0.032 3.0 0.1

Grape Juice 665 0 0.008 - 0.032 NT 2

Green Beans, C&F (V-1) 359 1 0.3 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.032 NT 1

Orange Juice 520 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT 0.5

Pears 712 5 0.7 0.013 - 0.12 0.008 - 0.030 3.0 2

Spinach, Canned 516 417 80.8 0.013 - 4.4 0.008 - 0.030 20.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 478 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 7 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.008 - 0.032 NT -

Tomatoes 537 25 4.7 0.013 - 0.053 0.008 - 0.032 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 2 0.4 0.028 - 0.040 0.008 - 0.032 3.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.008 - 0.032 3.0 0.5

Total 5914 451

114 Permethrin trans

Apple Juice 676 0 0.005 - 0.032 0.05 2

Cantaloupe 408 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.005 - 0.032 3.0 0.1

Grape Juice 665 0 0.005 - 0.032 NT 2

Green Beans, C&F (V-1) 359 1 0.3 0.008 ^ 0.005 - 0.032 NT 1

Orange Juice 520 0 0.005 - 0.029 NT 0.5

Pears 712 7 0.9 0.008 - 0.11 0.005 - 0.029 3.0 2

Spinach, Canned 516 426 82.6 0.008 - 4.8 0.005 - 0.029 20.0 2

Strawberries, Fresh 478 0 0.005 - 0.011 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 7 0 0.005 - 0.010 NT 1

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.005 - 0.032 NT -

Tomatoes 537 38 7.1 0.008 - 0.13 0.005 - 0.032 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 530 2 0.4 0.016 - 0.048 0.005 - 0.032 3.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.005 - 0.032 3.0 0.5

Total 5914 475

115 o-Phenylphenol (fungicide)

Apple Juice 603 10 1.7 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.015 25 25

Appendix E. Page 26 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Cantaloupe 354 29 8.2 0.005 - 0.21 0.003 - 0.015 10 -

Grape Juice (V-4) 576 4 0.7 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

Green Beans, C&F (V-2) 311 2 0.6 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

Orange Juice 611 5 0.8 0.017 - 0.025 0.010 - 0.050 10 10

Pears 604 120 19.9 0.013 - 7.0 0.008 - 0.015 25 25

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.010 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 309 1 0.3 0.018 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 15 -

Tomatoes 626 28 4.5 0.005 - 0.29 0.003 - 0.050 10 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-3) 464 3 0.6 0.005 - 0.30 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 124 0 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

Total 5842 202

116 Phorate (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.004 - 0.030 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 700 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.004 - 0.015 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.004 - 0.030 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Total 6987 0

117 Phorate oxygen analog (metabolite of Phorate)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

118 Phorate oxygen analog sulfone (metabolite of Phorate)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

119 Phorate sulfone (metabolite of Phorate)

Appendix E. Page 27 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Grape Juice 650 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.024 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.027 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.024 (N) -

Pears 682 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.003 - 0.027 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.027 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.027 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.027 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Total 6942 0

120 Phorate sulfoxide (metabolite of Phorate)

Apple Juice 223 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Cantaloupe 116 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Grape Juice 221 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 126 0 0.004 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 409 0 0.004 - 0.061 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 155 0 0.004 - 0.030 (N) -

Pears 335 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 415 0 0.004 - 0.061 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 315 0 0.004 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.004 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 126 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Tomatoes 297 0 0.004 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 144 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 78 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Total 2963 0

121 Phosalone (insecticide)

Apple Juice 284 0 0.006 ^ 10.0 5

Cantaloupe 172 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 259 0 0.006 ^ 10.0 5

Green Beans, C&F 152 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.006 - 0.033 3.0 1

Pears, Single Serving 211 0 0.006 - 0.011 (N) -

Pears 441 0 0.006 - 0.011 10.0 -

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.006 - 0.033 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.006 - 0.033 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.006 - 0.033 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 150 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 484 0 0.006 - 0.033 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 213 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 65 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 4302 0

122 Phosmet (insecticide)

Apple Juice 603 4 0.7 0.008 - 0.025 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Cantaloupe 354 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

Grape Juice 576 0 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Green Beans, C&F 311 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

Orange Juice 611 0 0.005 - 0.017 5 5

Pears, Single Serving 301 117 38.9 0.008 - 0.97 0.005 - 0.024 (N) (N)

Pears 621 165 26.6 0.008 - 1.8 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Spinach, Canned 603 0 0.005 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.005 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.005 - 0.017 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 309 9 2.9 0.025 - 0.16 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Tomatoes 626 1 0.2 0.008 ^ 0.005 - 0.017 2.0 -

W Squash, Fresh 464 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 124 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

Total 6160 296

Appendix E. Page 28 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

123 Phosphamidon (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.092 1 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.092 0.25 -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.23 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT 0.2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT 0.4

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.029 (N) (N)

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.030 NT 0.5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT 0.2

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT 0.2

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT 0.2

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT 0.05

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.092 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT -

Total 6987 0

124 Piperonyl butoxide (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Orange Juice 273 0 0.040 - 0.050 8 -

Pears 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Spinach, Canned (V-1) 272 1 0.4 0.099 ^ 0.040 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-6) 228 6 2.6 0.067 - 0.24 0.040 - 0.050 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 39 0 0.040 - 0.050 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 5 9.3 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ 0.25 -

Tomatoes 272 3 1.1 0.11 - 1.6 0.040 - 0.050 8 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 55 1 1.8 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.040 ^ NT -

Total 1686 16

125 Pirimiphos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 247 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 2

Cantaloupe 146 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Grape Juice 245 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 124 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 0.5

Orange Juice 273 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 2

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.001 ^ (N) (N)

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ NT 2

Spinach, Canned 272 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 5

Strawberries, Fresh 269 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 1

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 1

Sweet Potatoes 124 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Tomatoes 414 0 0.001 - 0.008 NT 1

W Squash, Fresh 128 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 110 1 0.9 0.018 ^ 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Total 2557 1

126 Procymidone (fungicide)

Orange Juice 75 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 74 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 47 0 0.010 ^ NT 10

Strawberries, Frozen 36 0 0.010 ^ NT 10

Tomatoes 76 0 0.010 ^ NT 5

Total 308 0

127 Profenofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.1

Orange Juice 273 0 0.001 - 0.025 NT 1

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.001 ^ (N) -

Appendix E. Page 29 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 272 0 0.001 - 0.025 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 269 0 0.001 - 0.025 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 43 0 0.001 - 0.025 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 272 0 0.001 - 0.025 NT 2

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Total 1785 0

128 Pronamide (herbicide)

Apple Juice 619 0 0.007 - 0.018 0.1 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.007 - 0.018 NT -

Grape Juice 610 0 0.007 - 0.018 0.1 -

Green Beans, C&F 284 0 0.007 - 0.018 NT -

Orange Juice 653 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Pears 648 0 0.006 - 0.018 0.1 -

Spinach, Canned 648 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 581 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.007 - 0.017 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 284 0 0.007 - 0.018 NT -

Tomatoes 655 0 0.007 - 0.017 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 473 0 0.007 - 0.018 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.007 - 0.018 NT -

Total 6057 0

129 Propargite (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.008 - 0.045 3 5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.008 - 0.045 10 10

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.008 - 0.045 20 20

Orange Juice 700 0 0.020 - 0.091 5 5

Pears 712 4 0.6 0.033 - 0.26 0.008 - 0.045 3 5

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.020 - 0.091 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 7 1.1 0.033 - 1.0 0.020 - 0.091 7 7

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.020 - 0.050 7 7

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.020 - 0.091 NT 2

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Total 6643 11

130 Propoxur (insecticide)

Strawberries, Fresh 85 0 0.015 ^ NT 3

Strawberries, Frozen 4 0 0.015 ^ NT 3

Total 89 0

131 Quintozene - PCNB (fungicide) (parent of HCB, PCA, and PCB)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.1 0.01

Orange Juice 685 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Pears (V-1) 712 1 0.1 0.020 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 356 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6627 1

132 SD-31723 (metabolite of Fenbutatin oxide)

Pears 544 12 2.2 0.012 - 0.067 0.007 ^ 15.0 -

Total 544 12

Appendix E. Page 30 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

133 SD-33608 (metabolite of Fenbutatin oxide)

Pears 544 4 0.7 0.010 - 0.039 0.006 ^ 15.0 -

Total 544 4

134 Simazine (herbicide)

Apple Juice 628 0 0.012 - 0.031 0.25 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

Grape Juice 619 0 0.012 - 0.031 0.25 -

Green Beans, C&F 293 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

Orange Juice 639 0 0.012 - 0.030 0.25 -

Pears 656 0 0.012 - 0.030 0.25 -

Spinach, Canned 633 0 0.012 - 0.030 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 572 0 0.012 - 0.030 0.25 -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.012 - 0.025 0.25 -

Sweet Potatoes 279 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

Tomatoes 664 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 482 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT -

Total 6069 0

135 Sulprofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears, Single Serving 54 0 0.003 ^ (N) -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1163 0

136 Tecnazene (fungicide)

Apple Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Cantaloupe 62 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Grape Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Green Beans, C&F 54 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 181 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 3 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 54 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 107 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 1109 0

137 Terbacil (herbicide)

Apple Juice 619 0 0.018 - 0.044 0.1 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Grape Juice 610 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 284 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Orange Juice 653 0 0.014 - 0.056 0.1 -

Pears 648 0 0.014 - 0.056 0.1 -

Spinach, Canned 648 0 0.014 - 0.056 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 581 0 0.014 - 0.071 0.1 -

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.020 - 0.033 0.1 -

Sweet Potatoes 284 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Tomatoes 655 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Appendix E. Page 31 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 473 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.018 - 0.044 NT -

Total 6057 0

138 Terbufos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Grape Juice 665 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.002 - 0.015 (N) -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Total 6987 0

139 Terbufos sulfone (metabolite of Terbufos)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Grape Juice 650 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Pears 682 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 357 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Total 6942 1

140 Tetrachlorvinphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.003 - 0.016 10 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Grape Juice 650 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.003 - 0.017 NT -

Pears, Single Serving 344 0 0.003 - 0.016 (N) -

Pears 682 0 0.003 - 0.016 10 -

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.003 - 0.17 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 598 0 0.003 - 0.017 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.003 - 0.017 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.003 - 0.17 5 -

Appendix E. Page 32 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Total 6930 0

141 Tetradifon (insecticide)

Apple Juice 619 0 0.006 - 0.028 5 -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.006 - 0.028 1 -

Grape Juice 610 0 0.006 - 0.028 5 -

Green Beans, C&F 284 0 0.006 - 0.028 NT -

Orange Juice 653 0 0.006 - 0.019 2 -

Pears 648 2 0.3 0.022 - 0.032 0.006 - 0.028 5 -

Spinach, Canned 648 0 0.006 - 0.019 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 581 0 0.005 - 0.019 5 -

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.006 - 0.011 5 -

Sweet Potatoes 284 0 0.006 - 0.028 NT -

Tomatoes 655 0 0.006 - 0.011 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 473 0 0.006 - 0.028 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.028 1 -

Total 6057 2

142 Tetrahydrophthalimide - THPI (metabolite of Captafol, Captan and Folpet)

Apple Juice 46 41 89.1 0.017 - 0.36 0.010 - 0.030 25 -

Cantaloupe 4 0 0.030 ^ 25 -

Grape Juice 19 0 0.030 ^ 50 -

Orange Juice 9 0 0.030 ^ NT -

Pears 9 0 0.030 ^ 25 -

Spinach, Canned 9 0 0.030 ^ 100 -

Strawberries, Fresh 17 0 0.030 ^ 25 -

Tomatoes 18 0 0.030 ^ 25 -

W Squash, Fresh 18 0 0.030 ^ 25 -

Total 149 41

143 Thiabendazole (fungicide)

Apple Juice 685 192 28 0.015 - 0.80 0.009 - 0.045 10 10

Cantaloupe 414 1 0.2 0.24 ^ 0.009 - 0.045 15.0 -

Grape Juice 665 3 0.5 0.034 - 0.075 0.009 - 0.045 10 -

Green Beans, C&F 360 0 0.009 - 0.045 NT -

Orange Juice 700 26 3.7 0.050 - 0.35 0.030 - 0.28 10 10

Pears 704 483 68.6 0.050 - 6.2 0.030 - 0.061 10 10

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.030 - 0.083 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 630 2 0.3 0.042 - 0.16 0.025 - 0.30 5 3

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.030 - 0.083 5 3

Sweet Potatoes 342 0 0.009 - 0.045 NT -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.009 - 0.083 NT 2

W Squash, Fresh (V-4) 515 4 0.8 0.28 - 0.45 0.009 - 0.045 1

 H

 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.009 - 0.045 1

 H

 -

Total 6623 711

144 Triadimefon (fungicide)

Apple Juice 619 0 0.012 - 0.043 1.0 0.5

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.012 - 0.043 0.3 -

Grape Juice 610 0 0.012 - 0.043 1.0 0.5

Green Beans, C&F 284 0 0.012 - 0.043 NT -

Orange Juice 653 0 0.007 - 0.031 NT -

Pears 648 0 0.007 - 0.031 1.0 0.5

Spinach, Canned 648 0 0.007 - 0.031 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh (V-1) 581 1 0.2 0.020 ^ 0.007 - 0.031 NT 0.1

Strawberries, Frozen 45 0 0.012 - 0.031 NT 0.1

Sweet Potatoes 284 0 0.012 - 0.043 NT -

Tomatoes 655 0 0.012 - 0.043 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 473 0 0.012 - 0.043 0.3 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.012 - 0.043 0.3 -

Total 6057 1

Appendix E. Page 33 of 34 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

145 Trifluralin (herbicide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.008 - 0.068 NT -

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

Grape Juice 664 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

Green Beans, C&F 359 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.033 0.05 -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 636 0 0.002 - 0.033 0.05 -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 0 0.002 - 0.033 NT -

Strawberries, Frozen 47 0 0.015 - 0.033 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

Tomatoes 717 0 0.015 - 0.068 0.05 -

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.008 - 0.068 0.05 -

Total 6583 0

146 Vinclozolin (fungicide)

Apple Juice 694 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT 1

Cantaloupe 408 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT 1

Grape Juice 665 0 0.006 - 0.019 6.0 5

Green Beans, C&F 359 51 14.2 0.010 - 0.13 0.006 - 0.014 2.0 2

Orange Juice 700 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Pears 712 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT 1

Spinach, Canned 695 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Strawberries, Fresh 610 97 15.9 0.003 - 5.2 0.002 - 0.010 10 10

Strawberries, Frozen 47 5 10.6 0.025 - 0.28 0.006 - 0.010 10 10

Sweet Potatoes 357 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

Tomatoes (V-4) 717 4 0.6 0.012 - 0.10 0.006 - 0.010 NT 3

W Squash, Fresh 530 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 149 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

Total 6643 157

147 Vinclozolin metabolite E (metabolite of Vinclozolin)

Green Beans, C&F 4 4 0.005 - 0.010 0.003 - 0.006 2.0 -

Strawberries, Fresh 6 6 0.006 - 0.022 0.002 ^ 10 -

Total 10 10

KEY

Underlined compounds are subject to the full quality assurance program requirements.

C&F Canned and Frozen

 ^ Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

(N) See tolerance/MRL reference for composite pears.

AL Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA and Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Levels (EMRLs) for some

pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the

interim, action levels are used.

(V) Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following V are the number of occurrences.

(X) Residue was found which exceeds EPA tolerance or FDA action level. Following X are the number of occurrences.

1

All other residues of methamidophos were detected in combination with acephate, for which a tolerance exists.

R

A regional tolerance exists, specific to an identified growing region.

I

Interim tolerance exists with no known expiration date.

H

Tolerance applies to Hubbard type squash only.

R18 A regional section 18 exists with a known expiration date.

For those pesticide/commodity pairs where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (3 times the

limit of detection), the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Appendix E. Page 34 of 34 
Appendix F 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Milk

Appendix F shows residue detections for all milk samples tested for pesticides,

minimum and maximum concentrations reported, Limits of Detection (LODs), and whether

a tolerance or Maximum Residue Limit/Extraneous Maximum Residue Limit (MRL/EMRL)

is established for each pesticide in milk. 

In 1998, PDP analyzed 595 domestic milk samples. A total of 89 samples (15%)

were reported with residue detections. Milk samples were analyzed by methods developed

by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the New York Department of

Agriculture and Markets which allow for detection of pesticide residues and environmental

contaminants at very low levels. Six (6) samples were reported to FDA as containing

diphenylamine (1) and o-phenylphenol (5) residues that do not have a tolerance listed in

the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),Title 40, Part 180. Most detections (92%) were

for residues of DDE (a metabolite of DDT) in concentrations ranging from 0.002-0.013

ppm.

Most fluid milk is consumed in the State where it is produced. This was evident in

the milk samples collected by the 10 participating States in 1998, where 591 of the 595

samples collected were produced and marketed in the 10 participating States, and only

four samples originated from non-participating States. 

Notice: 21 records for the compound MCPA were removed from the PDP database

in February 2001 because they were submitted in error by one of the two reporting

laboratories and were not identified during the data review process. MCPA was not

validated by the laboratory in question, therefore the results should not have been

reported.
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

2,4-D 92 0.005-0.010 0.1T 0.05

3-Hydroxycarbofuran 595 0.004^ 0.02T 0.05

Acephate 595 0.001-0.002 0.1W 0.1

Aldicarb 595 0.003-0.005 0.002W 0.01

Aldicarb sulfone 595 0.004-0.009 0.002W 0.01

Aldicarb sulfoxide 595 0.004-0.012 0.002W 0.01

Aldrin 218 0.001^ 0.3AL 0.006F

Atrazine 595 0.001-0.012 0.02W ---

Azinphos methyl 595 0.003-0.007 0.04W ---

BHC alpha 594 0.001^ 0.3AL F ---

BHC beta 595 0.001^ 0.3AL F ---

BHC delta 595 0.001^ 0.3AL F ---

Captan 218 0.003^ NT ---

Carbaryl 595 0.002-0.003 0.3W 0.1

Carbofuran 595 0.004^ 0.02T 0.05

Carbophenothion 595 0.001-0.002 NT 0.002F

Chlordane cis 595 0.001-0.002 NT 0.002F

Chlordane trans 595 0.001^ NT 0.002F

Chlorfenvinphos alpha 422 0.001-0.002 NT 0.008F

Chlorfenvinphos beta 391 0.001^ NT 0.008F

Chlorothalonil 158 0.003^ NT ---

Chlorpropham 594 1 0.2 0.002^ 0.001-0.005 0.05I ---

Chlorpyrifos 593 0.001-0.002 0.25F 

0.01W 0.01

Chlorpyrifos methyl 595 0.001-0.002 1.25F 

0.05W 0.01

Coumaphos 595 0.002-0.054 0.5F 

NW ---

Coumaphos oxygen analog 218 0.003^ 0.5F 

NW ---

Cyfluthrin 218 0.020^ 15F 

0.5W 0.02F

APPENDIX F. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN MILK

Appendix F. Page 1 of 5
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Cypermethrin 218 0.010^ 0.05I

0.02F

DCPA 218 0.001^ NT ---

DDD o,p' 595 0.001-0.003 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DDD p,p' 595 0.001-0.006 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DDE o,p' 595 0.001^ 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DDE p,p' * 595 82 13.8 0.002-0.013 0.001-0.003 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DDT o,p' 595 0.001-0.006 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DDT p,p' 595 0.001^ 1.25F 

N

W 0.02F

DEF 593 0.001-0.007 0.002 ---

Demeton-S sulfone 218 0.001^ NT ---

Diazinon 422 0.001-0.002 NT 0.02F

Dicamba (herbicide) 178 0.004-0.005 0.3 ---

Dichlorvos-DDVP 595 0.001-0.002 0.02W 0.02

Dicloran 218 0.003^ NT ---

Dicofol o,p' 218 0.003^ NT ---

Dicofol p,p' 218 0.003^ NT ---

Dieldrin 595 0.001-0.003 0.3F 

0.03W 0.006F

Dimethoate 595 0.001^ 0.002 ---

Diphenylamine (V-1) 595 1 0.2 0.017^ 0.006-0.020 0

W ---

Disulfoton 593 0.001^ NT ---

Disulfoton sulfone 595 0.001-0.002 NT ---

Diuron 218 0.012^ NT ---

Endosulfan I 595 0.001^ 0.5F 

N

W 0.004F

Endosulfan II 595 0.001-0.002 0.5F 

N

W 0.004F

Appendix F. Page 2 of 5
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Endosulfan sulfate 595 0.001^ 0.5F 

NW 0.004F

Esfenvalerate 595 0.008-0.013 7F 

0.3W ---

Ethalfluralin 595 0.007-0.020 0.05 ---

Ethion 595 0.001^ 0.5F 

NW ---

Fenamiphos 593 0.001-0.002 0.01W ---

Fenamiphos sulfone 595 0.002-0.005 0.01W ---

Fenamiphos sulfoxide 337 0.002-0.005 0.01W ---

Fenitrothion 595 0.001-0.002 NT 0.002

Fenitrothion metabolite 218 0.008^ NT ---

Fenitrothion oxygen analog 595 0.001-0.002 NT ---

Fenthion 595 0.001^ 0.01W 0.05F

Fenvalerate 583 0.012-0.021 7F 

0.3W 0.01F

Heptachlor 595 0.001^ 0.01F 0.006F

Heptachlor epoxide 595 0.001^ 0.01F 0.006F

Hexachlorobenzene-HCB 218 0.001^ NT ---

Imazalil 218 0.004^ 0.01W ---

Iprodione 576 0.004-0.006 0.5W ---

Lindane 594 1 0.2 0.002^ 0.001-0.006 0.3F 0.01F

Linuron 218 0.001^ NT ---

Malathion 595 0.001-0.002 0.5F ---

Malathion oxygen analog 204 0.005^ 0.5F ---

MCPA (herbicide) 157 * 0.008-0.015 0.01 ---

* Originally reported 178 samples screened form MCPA. See Notice at end of Appendix.

Methamidophos 218 0.001^ NT 0.01

Methidathion 593 0.001-0.002 0.03 0.001

Methiocarb 377 0.004-0.005 NT 0.05

Methomyl 595 0.003-0.006 NT 0.02

Methoxychlor 422 0.002-0.003 1.25F ---

Mevinphos E 218 0.001^ NT ---

Mevinphos Z 216 0.001^ NT ---

Appendix F. Page 3 of 5
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Myclobutanil 218 0.006^ 0.2W 0.01

Omethoate 595 0.001-0.002 0.002 ---

Oxamyl 391 0.004-0.006 NT ---

Oxychlordane 595 0.001-0.002 NT 0.002F

Oxydemeton methyl sulfone 218 0.001^ 0.01W ---

Oxyfluorfen 595 0.003-0.006 0.05 ---

Parathion 420 0.001-0.002 NT ---

Parathion methyl 422 0.001^ NT ---

Pentachlorobenzene-PCB 218 0.001^ NT ---

Permethrin Total 377 0.002-0.032 6.25F 

0.25W 0.1F

Permethrin cis 391 0.003-0.008 6.25F 

0.25W 0.1F

Permethrin trans 391 0.002^ 6.25F 

0.25W 0.1F

o-Phenylphenol (V-5) 218 5 2.3 0.010^ 0.006^ NT ---

Phorate 593 0.001-0.020 0.02W 0.05

Phorate oxygen analog 216 0.001^ 0.02W 0.05

Phorate oxygen analog sulfone 218 0.001^ 0.02W 0.05

Phorate sulfone 420 0.001-0.002 0.02W 0.05

Phorate sulfoxide 420 0.002-0.076 0.02W 0.05

Phosalone 218 0.003^ NT ---

Phosmet 218 0.003^ NT 0.02

Phosphamidon 216 0.001^ NT ---

Pirimiphos methyl 595 0.001-0.003 3.0F 

N

W

0.05

Pirimiphos methyl degradate 218 0.008^ 3.0F 

N

W

---

Profenofos 593 0.001-0.004 0.01W 0.01

Propargite 595 0.018-0.075 2.0F 

0.08W 0.1F

Quintozene-PCNB 595 0.001^ NT ---

Simazine 594 0.001-0.005 0.02W ---

Sulprofos 595 0.001-0.004 0.01W ---

Appendix F. Page 4 of 5
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Tecnazine 218 0.003^ NT ---

Terbufos 218 0.001^ NT 0.01

Terbufos sulfone 216 0.001^ NT 0.01

Tetrachlorvinphos 595 0.001-0.005 0.5F 

N

W

---

Thiabendazole 218 0.012^ 0.4 0.1

Trifluralin 216 0.006^ NT ---

Vinclozolin 218 0.003^ NT 0.05

Underlined compounds are subject to the full quality assurance program requirements.

(V) = Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following V are the number of occurences.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

N = Negligible

T = Temporary Tolerance - unknown expiration

W = Whole Milk Tolerance

AL = Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA and Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Levels

 (EMRLs) for some pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu of action

 levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

F = Tolerance on Fat Basis

I = Interim Tolerance - unknown expiration

*DDE detections are not violations since converted values to fat basis still fall below stated fat basis tolerance.

Notice: 21 records for the compound MCPA were removed from the PDP database in February 2001 because they 

were submitted in error by one of the the two reporting laboratories and were not identified during the data review

process. MCPA was not validated by the laboratory in question, therefore the results should not have been reported.

Appendix F. Page 5 of 5
Appendix G 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Soybeans

Crop Year 1997

Appendix G shows residue detections for all soybean samples tested for pesticides,

minimum and maximum concentrations reported, Limits of Detection (LODs), and whether

a tolerance or Maximum Residue Limit/Extraneous Maximum Residue Limit (MRL/EMRL)

is established for each pesticide in soybeans. All pesticides analyzed in soybeans are

included in the quality assurance program as required compounds.

In 1998, PDP analyzed 590 domestic soybean samples. A total of 298 samples

(51%) were reported with residue detections. One sample containing fenamiphos sulfone

was reported to FDA as a residue exceeding the established tolerance. One sample

containing BHC betta was reported to FDA as a residue having no tolerance listed in 40

CFR, Title 40, Part 180.
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

3-Hydroxycarbofuran 590 0.005-0.007 0.2 0.2

Alachlor (herbicide) 590 0.002^ 0.2 ---

Aldicarb 590 0.005^ 0.02 0.02

Aldicarb sulfone 590 0.005-0.007 0.02 0.02

Azinphos methyl 589 0.005^ 0.2 0.05

BHC alpha 549 0.004^ NT ---

BHC beta (V-1) 590 1 0.2 0.007^ 0.004^ NT ---

BHC delta 590 0.002^ NT ---

Carbaryl 590 0.003^ 5 1

Carbofuran 590 0.005-0.006 0.2 0.2

Chlorpyrifos 590 56 9.5 0.003-0.022 0.002^ 0.3 ---

DDD p,p' 526 0.001^ 0.2AL---

DDE p,p' 529 0.001^ 0.2AL---

DDT p,p' 585 0.003^ 0.2AL---

Diazinon 589 8 1.4 0.003-0.010 0.002^ 0.1 ---

Dicoflop methyl (herbicide) 590 0.005^ 0.1 ---

Dieldrin 590 44 7.5 0.003-0.011 0.002^ 0.05AL---

Dimethoate 590 0.005^ 0.05 ---

Disulfoton 590 1 0.2 0.005^ 0.003^ 0.1 ---

Disulfoton sulfone 488 0.009^ 0.1 ---

Endrin 590 0.008^ NT ---

Esfenvalerate 490 0.012^ 0.05 --

Fenamiphos 588 0.002^ 0.05 0.05

Fenamiphos sulfone (X-1) 490 2 0.4 0.020-0.074 0.012^ 0.05 0.05

Fenvalerate 590 0.012^ 0.05 0.1

Fluazifop butyl (herbicide) 590 0.002^ 1 ---

Linuron 590 0.009-0.010 1 ---

Malathion 590 242 41 0.003-0.191 0.002^ 8 ---

APPENDIX G. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN SOYBEANS

Appendix G. Page 1 of 2
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRL/EMRL 

ppm

Methamidophos 490 0.006^ NT 0.05

Methiocarb 590 0.015-0.017 NT ---

Methomyl 590 0.005-0.006 0.2 0.2

Metolachlor (herbicide) 590 5 0.8 0.002^ 0.001^ 0.2 ---

Metribuzin (herbicide) 590 0.003^ 0.1 ---

Norflurazon 490 0.009^ 0.1 ---

Norflurazon desmethyl 330 9 2.7 0.010^ 0.006^ 0.1 ---

Oxamyl 590 0.005-0.006 0.2 0.1

Parathion 589 0.011^ 0.1 0.05

Parathion methyl 589 0.004^ 0.1 ---

Pendimethalin (herbicide) 589 1 0.2 0.023^ 0.005^ 0.1 ---

Permethrins 570 0.004^ 0.05 0.05

Phorate 569 0.002^ 0.1 0.05

Phorate sulfone 490 0.005^ 0.1 0.05

Thiabendazole 545 1 0.2 0.012^ 0.007^ 0.1 ---

(V) = Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following V are the number of occurrences.

(X) = Residue was found which exceeds EPA tolerance or FDA action level. Following X are the number of occurrences.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

AL = Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA and Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Levels

 (EMRLs) for some pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu of action

 levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

Appendix G. Page 2 of 2
Appendix H 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Corn Syrup

Appendix H shows residue detections for all corn syrup samples tested for

pesticides, minimum and maximum concentrations reported, and Limits of Detection

(LODs) for each pesticide in corn syrup. All pesticides analyzed in corn syrup are included

in the quality assurance program as required compounds.

In 1998, PDP analyzed 298 high fructose corn syrup samples (HFCS-55). There

were no reported residue detections. The Environmental Protection Agency and Codex

Maximum Residue Limit/Extraneous Maximum Residue Limit tolerance levels are not listed

since there were no findings. The data indicate that residues which may have been

present in the raw agricultural commodity were either eliminated or reduced to nondetectable levels by the process employed in manufacturing corn syrup.
APPENDIX H. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN CORN SYRUP

Pesticide

Total Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

1-Napthol 83 0.002^

3-Hydroxycarbofuran 298 0.001-0.009

Acephate 49 0.025^

Acetochlor (herbicide) 298 0.001-0.003

Alachlor (herbicide) 298 0.002^

Aldicarb 298 0.007^

Aldicarb sulfone 298 0.009^

Aldicarb sulfoxide 298 0.009^

Ametryn (herbicide) 286 0.015^

Atrazine 298 0.002^

Azinphos methyl 298 0.040-0.133

BHC alpha 298 0.001^

BHC beta 298 0.001^

Bifenthrin 298 0.001-0.050

Captan 298 0.040-0.133

Carbaryl 298 0.006^

Carbofuran 298 0.001-0.009

Carbophenothion 286 0.048^

Chlordane cis 298 0.001^

Chlordane trans 298 0.001^

Chlorfenvinphos alpha 106 0.001^

Chlorfenvinphos beta 192 0.001^

Chlorpropham 298 0.002^

Chlorpyrifos 298 0.001^

Chlorpyrifos methyl 298 0.001^

Coumaphos 297 0.003^

Coumaphos oxygen analog 274 0.013^

Cyanazine (herbicide) 298 0.015^

Cyfluthrin 274 0.008^

DCPA 298 0.002^

DDD o,p' 298 0.005^

DDD p,p' 298 0.001^

Appendix H. Page 1 of 4
Pesticide

Total Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

DDE o,p' 298 0.001^

DDE p,p' 298 0.002^

DDT o,p' 298 0.001^

DDT p,p' 298 0.001^

Demeton-S sulfone 274 0.002^

Diazinon 298 0.002^

Dichlorvos-DDVP 298 0.001^

Dicloran 298 0.004^

Dicofol o,p' 189 0.001^

Dicofol p,p' 298 0.001^

Dieldrin 298 0.002^

Dimethoate 274 0.001-0.003

Disulfoton 60 0.010^

Disulfoton sulfone 60 0.002^

Diuron 59 0.010^

Endosulfan I 286 0.001^

Endosulfan II 286 0.002^

Endosulfan sulfate 298 0.005^

Esfenvalerate 298 0.001^

Ethalfluralin 286 0.008^

Ethion 298 0.001^

Ethoprop 298 0.003^

Fenamiphos 298 0.005^

Fenamiphos sulfone 83 0.008^

Fenamiphos sulfoxide 298 0.008^

Fenitrothion 298 0.003^

Fenthion 298 0.001^

Fenvalerate 298 0.001-0.090

Fonofos 274 0.001^

Heptachlor 298 0.001^

Heptachlor epoxide 298 0.001^

Hexachlorobenzene-HCB 298 0.001^

Imazalil 298 0.004^

Iprodione 298 0.005^

Appendix H. Page 2 of 4
Pesticide

Total Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

Lambda cyhalothrin (insecticide) 298 0.001^

Lambda cyhalothrin isomer 298 0.001^

Lindane 298 0.010^

Linuron 298 0.002^

Malathion 298 0.001^

Metalaxyl 298 0.001-0.20

Methamidophos 47 0.015^

Methidathion 298 0.002^

Methomyl 298 0.007^

Methoxychlor 298 0.002^

Methoxychlor olefin 298 0.001^

Metolachlor (herbicide) 298 0.002^

Metribuzin (herbicide) 298 0.003^

Mevinphos E 298 0.002^

Myclobutanil 298 0.005^

Omethoate 21 0.030^

Oxamyl 298 0.009^

Oxychlordane 298 0.003^

Oxyfluorfen 284 0.003^

Parathion 274 0.002^

Parathion methyl 298 0.008^

Pendimethalin (herbicide) 298 0.001^

Pentachlorobenzene-PCB 298 0.001^

Permethrin cis 298 0.001-0.003

Permethrin trans 298 0.001-0.003

Phorate 298 0.002^

Phorate sulfone 83 0.002^

Phosalone 297 0.004^

Phosmet 286 0.002-0.007

Phosphamidon 298 0.003^

Piperonyl butoxide 298 0.001^

Pirimiphos methyl 298 0.001^

Profenofos 297 0.008^

Prometryn (herbicide) 298 0.002^

Appendix H. Page 3 of 4
Pesticide

Total Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

Propachlor (herbicide) 286 0.004-0.013

Propargite 285 0.008^

Propiconazole (fungicide) 298 0.008^

Quintozene-PCNB 298 0.001-0.003

Simazine 298 0.004^

Sulprofos 298 0.002^

Tecnazine 284 0.002^

Terbufos 274 0.002^

Terbufos sulfone 298 0.002^

Tetrachlorvinphos 298 0.002^

Thiabendazole 298 0.010^

Triadimenol (fungicide) 298 0.015^

Trifluralin 298 0.001^

Vinclozolin 298 0.001^

^ - Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

Appendix H. Page 4 of 4
Appendix I

National Estimates for 

Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples)

Appendix I shows 46 pesticide/commodity pairs (including metabolites, isomers, and

degradates) with detections in at least 10 percent of the samples tested. Concentrations

detected are arranged in percentiles. The 90th percentile is compared to the

Environmental Protection Agency tolerance established for each pesticide/commodity pair.

The meaning of a percentile can be most easily explained through an example. For

the azinphos methyl/pears pair, the 50th percentile, or median, is estimated to be 0.014

ppm. This means that PDP estimates that at least 50 percent of pears available to U.S.

consumers had azinphos methyl residues of 0.014 ppm or less, while at least 50 percent

had residues of 0.014 ppm or more. Similarly, the 75th percentile (or the upper quartile)

for this pair is estimated to be 0.055 ppm, which means that at least 75 percent of pears

had residues of 0.055 ppm or less, while at least 25 percent had residues of 0.055 ppm

or more. Finally, the 90th percentile (or the last decile) is estimated to be 0.12 ppm,

meaning that at least 90 percent of all pears had azinphos methyl residues of 0.12 ppm

or less, while at least 10 percent had residues of 0.12 ppm or more.

Percent detections and percentiles for fresh pears, strawberries, sweet potatoes,

and tomatoes were weighted to reflect 1998 Agricultural Marketing Service marketing data.

There were no marketing data available for winter squash, frozen strawberries, and

canned spinach. 

For processed commodities--apple juice, grape juice, and green beans--the

percentile concentrations were weighted to reflect sales volume data provided by the Food

Institute and the Economic Research Service.

Commodity Collected Sales

AJ (Ready-to-serve:Concentrate) 2:1 6:1

GJ (Ready-to-serve:Concentrate) 1:1 3:1

GB (Canned:Frozen) 2:1 2:1
APPENDIX I. NATIONAL ESTIMATES FOR CONCENTRATION PERCENTILES vs. TOLERANCE

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples)

% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean** Percentiles 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

1 Apple Juice (W)

Carbaryl 32.5 0.006 0.016 * 0.008 0.019 0.002

Dimethoate 17.0 0.002 0.006 * * 0.008 0.004

Thiabendazole 25.9 0.058 0.081 * 0.035 0.240 0.024

2 Grape Juice (W)

Carbaryl 38.0 0.007 0.016 * 0.012 0.022 0.002

3 Green Beans (C&F) (W)

Acephate 47.8 0.031 0.033 * 0.026 0.098 0.033

Methamidophos (1) 48.6 0.013 0.015 * 0.018 0.037 --

Vinclozolin 15.2 0.005 0.014 * * 0.019 0.001

4 Milk

DDE p,p' 13.8 0.001 0.002 * * 0.002 0.002

5 Pears (W)

Azinphos methyl 54.0 0.052 0.058 0.014 0.055 0.120 0.060

Captan 12.4 0.022 0.032 * * 0.030 0.001

Diphenylamine 17.8 0.015 0.026 * * 0.027 NT

o-Phenylphenol 22.7 0.216 0.224 * * 0.120 0.005

Phosmet 26.1 0.054 0.062 * 0.007 0.140 0.014

Thiabendazole 70.5 0.448 0.459 0.230 0.620 1.100 0.110

6 Soybean (Grain)

Malathion 41.0 0.004 0.005 * 0.005 0.007 0.001

7 Spinach (Canned)

DDE p,p' 21.2 0.003 0.008 * * 0.010 0.020

Permethrin cis 80.8 0.626 0.631 * 0.890 1.600 0.080

Permethrin trans 82.6 0.613 0.616 0.315 0.810 1.700 0.085

Permethrin Total 78.8 1.775 1.791 1.100 3.100 4.600 0.230

8 Strawberries (Fresh) (W)

Benomyl 22.6 0.108 0.146 * * 0.350 0.070

Captan 54.0 0.465 0.470 0.028 0.460 1.500 0.075

Carbaryl 17.9 0.045 0.054 * * 0.041 0.004

Iprodione 48.3 0.250 0.264 * 0.260 0.700 0.047

Malathion 18.4 0.007 0.011 * * 0.020 0.002

Methomyl 23.5 0.101 0.110 * * 0.210 0.105

Myclobutanil 19.7 0.021 0.055 * * 0.063 0.125

Vinclozolin 17.7 0.088 0.094 * * 0.160 0.016

Appendix I. Page 1 of 2
% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean** Percentiles 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

9 Strawberries (Frozen) 

Benomyl 25.5 0.055 0.092 * 0.091 0.125 0.025

Captan 57.4 0.062 0.069 0.020 0.053 0.140 0.006

Carbaryl 36.2 0.080 0.086 * 0.061 0.250 0.025

Dicofol p,p' 10.6 0.010 0.037 * * 0.011 0.002

Iprodione 34.0 0.080 0.111 * 0.091 0.220 0.015

Malathion 19.1 0.004 0.010 * * 0.020 0.002

Methomyl 10.6 0.025 0.040 * * 0.020 0.010

Myclobutanil 14.9 0.016 0.082 * * 0.048 0.095

Vinclozolin 10.6 0.012 0.019 * * 0.025 0.003

10 Sweet Potatoes (W)

Dicloran 56.4 0.253 0.256 0.073 0.290 0.520 0.052

11 Tomatoes (W)

Chlorpyrifos 13.7 0.003 0.009 * * 0.013 0.025

Endosulfan I 16.6 0.003 0.007 * * 0.009 0.004

Endosulfan II 20.4 0.004 0.009 * * 0.014 0.007

Endosulfan sulfate 16.1 0.003 0.009 * * 0.010 0.005

Methamidophos 25.9 0.009 0.014 * 0.003 0.031 0.031

12 Winter Squash (Fresh)

Dieldrin 10.3 0.004 0.013 * * 0.004 0.035

Endosulfan sulfate 20.8 0.004 0.009 * * 0.018 0.009

13 Winter Squash (Frozen)

Dieldrin 77.0 0.025 0.026 0.019 0.035 0.068 0.680

Heptachlor epoxide 23.1 0.001 0.002 * * 0.006 0.275

* The percentile value is estimated to be below the Limit of Detection (LOD).

** The mean is estimated with a range of values. The lower bound is calculated with non-detections valued

at zero. The upper bound is calculated using the LOD.

(W) - Weighted for utilization. The Percent of Samples with Detections was recalculated to reflect national estimates.

(C&F) - Canned & Frozen Samples

NT - No Tolerance

(1) - See Acephate Tolerance

Appendix I. Page 2 of 2
Appendix J 

Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected

Pesticide/Commodity Pairs

In Appendix J, the concentrations detected (in parts per million, except where

otherwise noted) are plotted versus the calculated percentiles for the following eight

pesticide/commodity pairs:

Acephate/Green Beans

Thiabendazole/Pears

Malathion/Soybeans

Captan/Strawberries (Fresh)

Methomyl/Strawberries (Fresh)

Dicloran/Sweet Potatoes

Dieldrin/Winter Squash (Fresh)

Dieldrin/Winter Squash (Frozen)

The distribution of residues for all of the PDP pesticide/commodity pairs has the

same curved shape. The highest percentile graphed in the appendix is the 99th, which in

each case is lower than the highest concentration detected in the sample (refer to the

value shown in each graph’s legend). Inclusion of the highest concentration would cause

graph distortion, which would obscure concentrations in the low ranges. The tolerance for

the pesticide/commodity pair is also indicated in the legend of each graph. The large dots

show the percentage of the commodity at or below a given level of residue concentration.

For example, an estimated 50 percent of pears available to U.S. consumers in 1998 had

thiabendazole residue concentrations of 0.23 ppm or less. The solid lines, tailing the large

dots, depict percentage values. The lowest value of these solid lines indicates the

estimated percentage of the commodity available to U.S. consumers with no detectable

residues. For thiabendazole in pears, this is 30 percent. The shaded bar denotes the

range of values estimated for the mean. For thiabendazole/pears the mean range is

approximately 0.448-0.459 ppm, corresponding to the 67th percentile.
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Acephate / Green Beans

APPENDIX J. CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF RESIDUES

FOR SELECTED PESTICIDE/COMMODITY PAIRS

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •

• •

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 3 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.54 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Thiabendazole / Pears

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •

•••

•

••

•

•

•

•

•

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 10 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 6.2 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Malathion / Soybeans

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

• • • • • • •• ••••••

••

•••

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 8 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.191 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Captan / Strawberries (Fresh)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•• •• •

•

•

•

•

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 25 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 15 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Methomyl / Strawberries (Fresh)

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

•• • ••• ••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••

•••••

••

••

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 2 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 4.4 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Dicloran / Sweet Potatoes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• • •••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••• •••••••

••••••

•

•

••••

••

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 10 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 8.7 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

Dieldrin / Winter Squash (Fresh)

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

••• ••

• •

••• ••

•

•

•••• ••

••••

• ••

••

•

•

•

•

•••••

•

• LEGEND

 Action Level is 100 ppb

 Highest Level Detected is 550 ppb

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

Dieldrin / Winter Squash (Frozen)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

•••••••

• •• ••

• • ••••• • •••••• •• ••• •••••••• •••

•

•

• •••

•

•••

••

••

•

• ••

•

•

•

••• LEGEND

 Action Level is 100 ppb

 Highest Level Detected is 99 ppb

MEAN
Appendix K

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

(Fresh and Processed Products)

Appendix K shows the percentage of samples versus the number of residues

detected per sample. Page 1 shows the overall number of samples and percentages (of

total number of samples analyzed) for each detection group across all commodities. Page

2 shows the number of residues detected by individual commodity. For the 8,500 samples

tested, 44.9 percent of the samples had no detectable residues, 26.3 percent had one

residue, and 28.8 percent of the samples had more than one residue.
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number of

Samples 3817 2238 1439 556 242 116 49 24 14 2 3

Percent of

Total Samples 44.9 26.3 16.9 6.5 2.8 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.024 0.035

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES = 8,500

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

APPENDIX K. SAMPLES vs. NUMBER OF RESIDUES DETECTED PER SAMPLE

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

Percent of Samples

44.9

16.9

26.3

1.4

2.8

6.5

0.6 0.3 0.2 0.024 0.035

Appendix K. Page 1 of 2
APPENDIX K. SAMPLES vs. NUMBER OF RESIDUES DETECTED PER SAMPLE

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: Percent

Cantaloupe (414) 59.7 30.4 8.2 1.4 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- --

Pear - Single Serving (344) 32.3 47.4 19.5 0.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pears (714) 6.0 21.7 36.4 18.1 10.1 4.9 1.8 0.7 0.3 -- --

Strawberries (631) 9.4 19.5 24.6 18.4 12.5 7.3 3.6 2.4 1.6 0.3 0.3

Sweet Potatoes (357) 40.6 46.2 12.3 0.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Tomatoes (717) 38.5 27.9 13.5 9.3 5.7 2.8 1.4 0.6 0.3 -- --

Winter Squash (530) 58.3 26.6 10.9 3.4 0.4 0.4 -- -- -- -- --

Processed Fruit and Vegetables

Apple Juice (694) 36.7 35.3 17.1 7.2 2.9 0.6 0.1 -- -- -- --

Grape Juice (665) 61.1 36.7 2.1 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Green Beans, C/F (360) 39.7 10.8 39.4 6.1 2.8 0.8 0.3 -- -- -- --

Orange Juice (700) 83.4 12.4 3.6 0.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Spinach, Canned (695) 15.3 19.4 48.8 15.4 1.0 0.1 -- -- -- -- --

Strawberries, Frozen (47) 10.6 14.9 21.3 21.3 19.1 10.6 2.1 -- -- -- --

Winter Squash, Frozen (149) 21.5 56.4 14.8 6.7 0.7 -- -- -- -- -- --

Number of Samples 2721 1914 1386 546 242 116 49 24 14 2 3

Percent of Total Samples 38.8 27.3 19.8 7.8 3.4 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.029 0.029

TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUIT & VEGETABLE SAMPLES = 7,017

Dairy: Milk (595 Samples)

Number of Samples 506 88 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Percent 85.0 14.8 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Grain: Soybeans (590 Samples)

Number of Samples 292 236 52 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Percent 49.5 40.0 8.8 1.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Processed Grain Product: Corn Syrup (298 Samples)

Number of Samples 298 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Percent 100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix K. Page 2 of 2
Appendix L

Samples Reported to FDA as Exceeding the Tolerance 

or Without Established Tolerance

(per Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 180)

Appendix L shows residues reported to FDA as exceeding the tolerance or residues

for which no established tolerance was listed under the Code of Federal Regulations

(CFR), Title 40, Part 180. In 1998, 12 residues were found at levels exceeding the

established tolerance, 8 of which were found in strawberries, and one each in soybeans,

spinach, tomatoes, and winter squash. In addition, 317 residues were reported as without

established tolerance including 14 samples containing 2 residues without tolerances each.

Of these, diphenylamine residues were detected in 130 pear samples. A tolerance was

eventually requested and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency for use of this

fungicide on pears. 

 
APPENDIX L. SAMPLES REPORTED TO FDA AS EXCEEDING THE TOLERANCE

OR WITHOUT ESTABLISHED TOLERANCE

(per Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 180)

Residues Exceeding Established Tolerance

Commodity / Pesticide

Limit of 

Detection, ppm

Concentration 

Detected, ppm

EPA Tolerance 

Level, ppm

1 Soybeans / Fenamiphos sulfone 0.012 0.074 0.05

2 Spinach / Parathion 0.017 1.6 1

3 Strawberries / Fenpropathrin 0.026 2.1 2.0

4 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.008 4.4 2

5 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.008 4.2 2

6 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.008 3.8 2

7 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.008 3.6 2

8 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.008 3.1 2

9 Strawberries / Methomyl 0.017 2.8 2

10 Strawberries / Myclobutanil 0.015 0.55 0.5 R

11 Tomatoes / Chlorpropham 0.020 0.19 0.1 I

12 Winter Squash / Dieldrin 0.006 0.55 0.1 AL

Commodity / Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported % of Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

1 Apple Juice 

Acephate 694 2 0.3 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Carbofuran 694 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.006 - 0.025 NT

Imazalil 659 2 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.070 NT

Iprodione 694 2 0.3 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.031 NT

Methamidophos 694 24 3.5 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 - 0.006 NT

2 Cantaloupe

Acephate 408 11 2.7 0.003 - 0.020 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Aldicarb sulfoxide 408 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.007 - 0.076 NT

Chlorpyrifos 408 9 2.2 0.005 - 0.020 0.003 - 0.011 NT

Diphenylamine 408 8 1.9 0.013 - 0.050 0.008 - 0.030 NT

3 Grape Juice

o-Phenylphenol 576 4 0.7 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 NT

Distribution of Residues with No Tolerance Listed in 40 CFR, Part 180, by Commodity/Pesticide

(Includes Samples of Unknown Origin - Regional Tolerances May or May Not Apply)

Appendix L. Page 1 of 3 
Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported % of Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

4 Green Beans (C/F)

Methamidophos 340 2 0.6 0.002 - 0.21 0.001 - 0.006 NT 1

Permethrins 359 1 0.3 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.032 NT

Permethrin trans 359 1 0.3 0.008 ^ 0.005 - 0.032 NT

o-Phenylphenol 311 2 0.6 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.015 NT

5 Milk

Diphenylamine 595 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.006 - 0.020 NT

o-Phenylphenol 218 5 2.3 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ NT

6 Orange Juice

Diphenylamine 700 1 0.1 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.17 NT

Permethrin Total 180 1 0.6 0.13 ^ 0.076 ^ NT

7 Pears

Acephate 712 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.002 - 0.012 NT

Dicloran 712 3 0.4 0.010 - 0.047 0.001 - 0.010 NT

Diphenylamine 712 130 18.3 0.013 - 3.0 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Iprodione 712 8 1.1 0.013 - 1.4 0.008 - 0.024 NT

Quintozene 712 1 0.1 0.020 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

8 Soybeans

BHC beta 590 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ NT

9 Spinach, Canned

Chlorpyrifos 695 4 0.6 0.007 - 0.014 0.003 - 0.009 NT

DCPA (Dacthal) 695 9 1.3 0.005 - 0.008 0.003 - 0.006 NT

DEF 108 1 0.9 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Esfenvalerate 375 1 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 NT

Fenvalerate 695 1 0.1 0.10 ^ 0.003 - 0.092 NT

Piperonyl butoxide 272 1 0.4 0.099 ^ 0.040 - 0.050 NT

10 Strawberries, Fresh

BHC beta 181 1 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.003^ NT

Chlorothalonil 536 1 0.2 0.027 ^ 0.004 - 0.006 NT

DDE p,p' 610 1 0.2 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.010 NT

Diphenylamine 610 1 0.2 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.17 NT

Esfenvalerate 344 1 0.3 0.033 ^ 0.020 - 0.038 NT

Heptachlor epoxide 324 1 0.3 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Methamidophos 610 2 0.3 0.005 - 0.073 0.001 - 0.015 NT

Piperonyl butoxide 228 6 2.6 0.067 - 0.24 0.040 - 0.050 NT

Triadimefon 581 1 0.2 0.020 ^ 0.007 - 0.031 NT

11 Sweet Potatoes

Chlorpropham 357 1 0.3 0.028 ^ 0.010 - 0.020 NT

Diphenylamine 357 4 1.1 0.017 - 0.025 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Ethion 357 2 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Terbufos sulfone 357 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.048 NT

Appendix L. Page 2 of 3 
Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported % of Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

12 Tomatoes

Acephate 717 4 0.6 0.008 - 0.033 0.002 - 0.010 NT

Demeton-S sulfone 108 1 0.9 0.076 ^ 0.003 - 0.005 NT

Iprodione 717 3 0.4 0.025 - 0.13 0.015 - 0.050 NT

Vinclozolin 717 4 0.6 0.012 - 0.10 0.006 - 0.010 NT

13 Winter Squash, Fresh

Acephate 530 5 0.9 0.003 - 0.12 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Chlorpropham 530 1 0.2 0.056 ^ 0.010 - 0.020 NT

Chlorpyrifos 530 6 1.1 0.005 - 0.022 0.003 - 0.011 NT

Diphenylamine 530 6 1.1 0.013 - 0.050 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Ethion 530 2 0.4 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Methamidophos 530 9 1.7 0.002 - 0.030 0.001 - 0.006 NT

o-Phenylphenol 464 3 0.6 0.005 - 0.30 0.003 - 0.015 NT

Pentachlorobenzene 530 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Piperonyl butoxide 55 1 1.8 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ NT

Thiabendazole 515 4 0.8 0.28 - 0.45 0.009 - 0.045 1 H

14 Winter Squash, Frozen

Diphenylamine 149 1 0.7 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Ethion 149 3 2.0 0.005 - 0.014 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Pirimiphos methyl 110 1 0.9 0.018 ^ 0.001 - 0.005 NT

KEY

C/F Canned and Frozen

 ^ Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

1 All other residues were detected in combination with acephate, for which a tolerance exists.

 I Interim tolerance exists with no known expiration date.

R

A regional tolerance exists with no known expiration date.

 AL Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances

in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

H

Tolerance applies to Hubbard type squash only.

Note:

For those pesticide/commodity pairs where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (3 times the

limit of detection), the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Appendix L. Page 3 of 3 
PESTICIDE DATA PROGRAM 

 

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