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• A COMMUNIST PLOT AGAINST

THE FREE WORLD POLICE

[AN EXPOSÉ OF CROWD-HANDLING METHODS]

GOVERNM1,_,IN

Storage

ru.11 MMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE

ADM r-..n ATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY

HEARING

BEFORE THE

ACT =E )111-IER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS

OF THE

r-R

ITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

•„SITED STATES SENATE

EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

JUNE 13, 1961

Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary

'44 TTAN ,

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

65683 0 WASHINGTON: 1961

-962 1

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D.C. - Price 15 cents
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee

OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina

JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas

SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina

JOHN A. CARROLL, Colorado

THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut

PHILIP A. HART, Michigan

EDWARD V LONG, Missouri

Wm. A. BLAKLEY, Texas

ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin

EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois

ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska

KENNETH B. KEATING, New York

NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire

SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY

ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS

JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut, Vice Chairman

OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina

JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas

SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina

ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska

EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois

KENNETH B. KEATING, New York

NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire

J. G. SoyawiNE, Counsel

BENJAMIN MANDEL, Director of Research
RESOLUTION

Resolved by the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, That the injunction of secrecy be removed from testimony given in executive session by Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, on June

13, 1961; be it further

Resolved, That said testimony be printed and made public.

Dated September 25, 1961.

III

VE/014.

g962

A COMMUNIST PLOT AGAINST THE FREE WORLD

POLICE

TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 1961

U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE TO

INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION

OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND

OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS,

OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY,

Washington, D.C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2 p.m., in room 3234,

New Senate Office Building, Senator Thomas J. Dodd presiding.

Present: Senator Thomas J. Dodd.

Also present: J. G. Sourwine, chief counsel, and Benjamin Mandel,

director of research.

Senator DODD. The committee will come to order.

Mr. Kirkpatrick, I am advised that you have some startling and

rather terrifying information about Communist methods of coping

with the free world police. I understand, further, that you are willing

to impart that information to the Internal Security Subcommittee so

that we may pass it on to the American public as a means of protecting themselves against being drawn into a Communist demonstration.

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. Thank you, sir. I have some information

along the line you spoke about. I shall be glad to tell the committee

what I have learned and I hope it will dull the point of the Communist

sickle.

Senator DODD. General, I know it is unnecessary, but it is routine

committee procedure. Will you be sworn, sir?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. Certainly, Senator.

Senator DODD. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you will

give before this committee will be the truth, the whole truth, and

nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. I do.

Senator DODD. Please give your full name and address for the

record.

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. I am Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr., inspector

general on the staff of the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency,

and I am stationed in Washington.

Senator DODD. Thank you.

Proceed, Mr. Sourwine.

Mr. SOURWI;VE. Mr. Kirkpatrick, just to get you in perspective:

Will you give us a brief biography?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. Certainly. I was born at Rochester, N.Y.;

educated at Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, Mass., and at Princeton

University, where I majored in international relations. I was graduated in 1938 and was hired as assistant managing director, later

1
2 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

an editor and personnel director, of the Bureau of National Affairs,

a publishing concern which David Lawrence had established to issue

several technical journals.

In June 1942, I went to work for the Office of the Coordinator of

Information. 'When the Office of Strategic Services was created from

that staff, I was assigned to OSS, went to London, and in 1944,

landed with the 1st United States Army in Normandy. I was

transferred in August of that year to Gen. Omar Bradley's 12th Army

group and served until V—E Day as General Bradley's G-2 briefing

officer. While I was in the United States en route to a new assignment in the China-Burma-India theater, the Japanese surrendered and,

after some months, I became an editor of the news magazine, World

Report, another David Lawrence enterprise.

Mr. SOURWINE. When did you become associated with CIA.

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. In 1947, when Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg was

named Director of the newly, established Central Intelligence Group,

he asked me to assist in organization of some parts of the undertaking.

I took leave from the magazine and have remained with CIA.

Mr. SOURWINE. I believe you served as Division Chief, Assistant

Director, and as executive assistant to the Director before you assumed

your present position?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. That is right.

Mr. SOURWINE. You believe that the organization has become an

important facility in the security field and that its services are needed

in a cold war as much as in a hot war?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. I do. I think it is imperative that the security

forces of the free world be kept currently informed of subversive

activities anywhere in the world which may affect their countries.

I believe, also, that the public should be alerted whenever it appears

they are likely to be the unwitting tools or the victims of a specific

campaign of subversion.

Mr. SOURWINE. Mr. Kirkpatrick, last year the Internal Security

Subcommittee published a staff study rounding up details of recent

riots against constituted authority all over the free world, including

the United States. Copies of that small pamphlet disappeared like

magic, indicating, it would seem to me, a deep concern among the

American people lest this type of protest should get out of hand.

Now, I am sure those who read that pamphlet, and many others

who asked for copies we couldn't supply, will profit by the explanations you gave of handling this form of revolt and the suggestions you

offered for avoiding the traps set by the highly skilled Communist

agents who may always be found directing these mass upheavals.

Will you proceed, please, at your own pace?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. Senators and Mr. Sourwine, many of us know

what is back of the mob violence which we have been considering.

It is probable, however, that few of the demonstrators realize that

they are victims of a war that is being waged in the free world today.

It is a life-and-death struggle between communism, which makes

the people the slaves of the state, and free world democracy, in which

the state carries out the will of the people.

Our police are among the foremost guardians of freedom and thus

a major target of the Communists. The better the force, the greater

its efficiency, the higher its competence in preserving the peace, the
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE' 3

more vital it is for the Communists to destroy it. I understand it is

the committee's desire that I outline the tactics of Communist subversion and describe several case histories illustrating their technique

for attacking the police.

The international Communist organization provides a training

manual for espionage agents in which their duties are enumerated.

This pocket-sized pamphlet was seized in Europe. Let me paraphrase

the tasks assigned to agents in one of the countries of the free world.

First, make investigations and report on the activities of the police

and security services.

Second, investigate and repress those security organizations which

support the government.

Mr. SOURWINE. Would that task include action against such organizations as CIA, the FBI, and even this subcommittee and the House

Committee on Un-American Activities?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. I would assume SO.

Third, find ways to infiltrate into the police and security organizations to steal documents—particularly those recording their knowledge

of communism—and to destroy everything of value.

I believe that the manual is specific enough in those instructions.

Senator DODD. We had sworn testimony a few months ago that

almost the first thing the Castro forces did when they took over

Havana was to destroy all government records of Communist investigations, including the dossiers of more than 250,000 Communists

and Communist supporters.

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. I have a second example. Let me describe

briefly the history of the Communist war against the police in one of

the major countries of the free world. I should state initially that

this particular country has a long history of excellent police service

and a law, dating back many years, requiring that the police force be

completely divorced from all politics. Further, until the Communist

politicians started to create trouble in recent years there had never

been an incident on record showing political interference with the

administration of the police force.

In this particular nation there is a national police force which has

five levels but is organized on a national, provincial, and local basis.

The Communist technique has been directed primarily toward discrediting the police in the eyes of the people. On the local level,

Communist troublemakers would start fights in public places in order

to involve the local police. When the police went into action, the

troublemakers linked arms in an effort to show that it was the police

who were causing the incident.

The handbook from which I have been quoting very generously

provided graphs or sketches to illustrate this point. Of course, they

are designed to facilitate training of Communist agitators. The

sketches show, in the most elementary fashion, how crowds can succeed in crushing police opposition. Those not familiar with Communist techniques will more easily understand, by examining the

pictures, how a few well-trained Communist agitators can utilize

crowds for their purposes. I have photo copies here, somewhat enlarged, which I shall-leave with the committee. Attached to each is

a brief description of the situation it is designed to portray.
4 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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Illustration No. 1.—Shows a crowd coming down the street to face a few police- men who are blocking the path.
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 5

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6 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 7

Mustration No. 4.—Shows the crowd swarming around the police in an envelopment.
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE' 9

Illustration Nos. 6, 7, and 8.—Show the agitators what to do if the police phalanR

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PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 11

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PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE
14 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 15

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. The Communists, of course, try to tell the

people that the police are in the pay of foreign powers. Efforts were

made to penetrate the police and to recruit personnel in headquarters

and provincial offices and in security units. Further, a smear campaign attempted to discredit the leaders among the rank and file.

The more outstanding and upright the senior police officers, the more

certain they were to become a major Communist target.

As has occasionally happened, the Reds reached cabinet level in

this particular country, not as Communists but using a political front

party. The Communists in the cabinet paid particular attention to

the police, making frequent visits to the police chiefs in charge of

provinces to check on such things as administration and security

units. One cabinet member demanded that his Communist-front

party have full freedom of action and threatened dismissal of police

who interfered with Communist agitators. Another cabinet minister,

also a member of the Communist-front party, threatened the officer

in charge with dismissal because of refusal to release from jail a

member of the Communist Party sentenced for an ordinary crime.

The chief of the metropolitan police was threatened with disciplinary

action because he arrested hired Communist troublemakers who were

responsible for a bloody riot in which a large number of police were

injured.

The above history is a rather awesome example of Communist

techniques against the police. Fortunately I can report that in this

instance they failed and, although it was a critical period in the

history of this particular country, the fine traditions of the police

have been restored and this nation is on the road to true freedom

and democracy.

Senator DODD. Mr. Kirkpatrick, suppose the police got the upper

hand in a crowd demonstration. What do the Communists do about

that?

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. The Communists are taught how to prevent

such a situation, if it is their mob. Here are some graphs which

show the situation you have in mind:

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16 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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20 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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Illustration No. 16.—Shows once again the use of military-type envelopment

techniques with the central column surrounding the small body of police directly

in front of them and the two columns on the parallel streets flanking the police

in the center.
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 21

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22 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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Illustration No. 18.—Shows the agitator‘ how to cope with the police roadblock.

They divide the crowd into four groups to attack the police from all sides.
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 23

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. In another country a Communist, under the

label of another political party, became the Minister of Interior. He

was the direct boss of the Director General of Police—a career police

official loyal to his country. The Minister spent most of the 6 months

he was in office attempting to find out what the police knew about the

Communist Party. Through some fast footwork, at the risk of losing

his job, the Director General was able to keep most of the police

knowledge away from the Minister.

As you know, there are two general aspects of Communist activity:

(1) The subversive aspect where efforts are made to penetrate and

control every phase of the political, economic, and cultural life of a,

country; (2) the militant aspect which involves agitation, demonstrations, riots, insurrection, and rebellion. Police must have a

capability of dealing with both the subversive and militant aspects of

communism. This requires an internal security mechanism which

provides an investigative apparatus capable of identifying and

developing information on subversive individuals and organizations

and capable of neutralizing their activities. It is also necessary that

this highly trained and highly specialized investigative apparatus be

supported by a larger force which, in addition to performing routine

police duties, must be capable of controlling demonstrations, riots, and

other civil disorders.

Lest I give the impression that the Communists are concentrating

only upon the newer nations and younger democracies, I would like

to mention an incident in an important and major parliamentary

power. In this particular country the Communist press specializes

in playing up and discrediting all police action against rioters, strikers,

and mobs. The Communists have exerted considerable effort to

penetrate the police and to sap the morale of the force. Following

this pattern, an article was published in a paper of national circulation

concentrating on the following themes: that the police were distrusted

by the people; that the enlisted personnel of the police were ill treated;

that the officers were incompetent; that it was basically a repressive

force; that it should be reorganized on regional lines because it did not

represent the people.

Here in one place is a listing of the themes used by the Communist

subversives in an attempt to undermine police authority, weaken its

efficiency, and embarrass the government. It should be noted that

the article was written by a confessed member of a wartime Communist espionage network. Unfortunately many readers were unaware of this fact. Here, again, I would say that, despite the Communist efforts against the police in this particular country, they have

succeeded in protecting themselves and in continuing a bulwark against

illegality and disorder.

Communism will work openly and legally where it can. But it

will work secretly and illegally where it must. Its capability for

conspiratorial work largely accounts for the survival of the international Communist conspiracy.

This international movement has developed a system of defensive

measures to protect itself against the police, against intelligence

agencies and against a hostile public. Knowledge of party activities

is carefully compartmented. An intraparty detective service and a

control commission guard against police penetration.
24 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICD

Plans for offensive action are carefully devised and except for

minor local adaptations constitute a detailed blueprint for worldwide

agitation.

I have here another group of illustrations from the handbook which

will show how the Communists make use of an unorganized crowd.

In addition to the agitators or action units, there is always, of course,

an invisible cadre of hard-core activists, skilled in inciting mob

action and in exploiting civil disorder.
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE 25

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26 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLIC'E'

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PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE' 27

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30 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

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Illustration No. 24.—Gives the agitator an idea of how to protect a public

meeting by stationing action units at the streets leading to the square in which

the demonstration is being held.

Nsidd
PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE, 31

Mr. KIRKPATRICK. Separate groups perform other functions for

the party such as espionage, sabotage, liquidation, terror, riots, et

cetera. When police measures become severe, they establish bases in

another country and operate from there. They use every technique

of clandestine activity. They are very strict about personal behavior:

about alcoholism, private correspondence, friends, mode of living,

behavior in case of arrest, professional competence as a clandestine

operator.

I would mention here that the Communists will even use fiction in

their attacks on the police. I am thinking particularly of one book

published quite a few years ago in which there was a chapter devoted

to the police with the obvious design of holding them up to ridicule

and to undermine the respect of the people.

As a group, the police are among the most anti-Communist of the

professional organizations in the free world. There is a natural

antipathy between police and Communists. The police learn early

in their careers that the Communist Party is not just another political

movement but is an international conspiracy. Properly armed with

knowledge of the techniques of Communist subversion; alert to the

fact that no organization, no group of people, and no individual can

be disregarded as a possible Communist target or tool; the police of

the free world can counter the Red threat and drive these outlaws

from the free world.

None of us should feel that the task is easy, nor that the victory

will be quick. The Communists are a dangerous, fiendishly clever,

ruthless, determined enemy, and their potential loot the biggest possible—control of the world. They will not give up this goal as long

as they last.

The task of containing communism is not made easier by the lack

of awareness on the part of many of the Communist threat. Thus

one of the first tasks is education—to get the word to the people about

the dangers of communism.

In some countries there is an absence of legislation defining "espionage," "sabotage," or "subversion." This plays into the hands of the

Communists, and they will go to great extremes to prevent such

legislation from being enacted. The absence of such laws puts the

police in the position of the boxer whose hands are tied and who is

sent into the ring against a killer.

In other countries there is inadequate enforcement of existing laws.

And there are technical problems which further handicap police efforts

against communism. These include lack of equipment, communications, records, a shortage of trained personnel, and too often an underpaid staff potentially vulnerable to subversion through tho lure of

money of which the Communists have plenty.

To solve problems such as these, the police must have the support

of the government and of the people. In certain of the have-not

countries of the free world, the building of a well-trained, disciplined

police force, responsive to the needs and the will of the people, is a

well-nigh impossible task without external economic and technical

assistance. For some years the U.S. Government, through its mutual

security program, has fought world communism with a many-pronged

attack. It has sought to improve the economic well-being, raise the

industrial capacity, and increase the internal security of friendly

foreign countries vulnerable to Communist subversion or aggression.
32 PLOT AGAINST FREE WORLD POLICE

Today there are active LT.S. police assistance programs in 26 countries.

These programs are designed to provide the police with equipment,

communications, records, and transportation needed to do an effective

job; to train them in the use of equipment and in modern techniques

of patrol and investigation; and, perhaps more important, to instill

in them the concept of public service which distinguishes our American

police.

The Communists will exert every effort to prevent the development of a strong police force. They will pose as superpatriots, and

ruthlessly slander those who oppose them. The Communists will

pervert to their own use, words and phrases that have a common

meaning in the Western World. Their slogan today is "Struggle for

Peace" while they make any area of their choosing into bloody battlefields, turning neighbor against neighbor, and brother against brother.

If we are alert, if we are vigilant, if we are just, the victory will be

to the free world. The Communist Party can be paralyzed by an

efficient police force. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the

police forces in the United States, as well as those of many other

countries of the free world, have demonstrated this time and again.

The Communist attack on the police of the free world is dangerous

for two reasons: The first is that the attacks are fanatical, disciplined,

and skilled in underground methods. Here we can match them.

We believe in our cause just as firmly, we are equally disciplined, and

we know our jobs.

The second element of Communist strategy and technique is centralization. A campaign against the police of one free country is not

planned and directed by the Communist Party of that country; it is

planned and directed by the strategists of international communism.

Vilification of the police by the Communist press in one country can

be—and is—coordinated with plans to penetrate the police in an

adjoining country. We can beat them at this game, too.

I attended recently a meeting of the International Association of the

Chiefs of Police. Such meetings are the best kind of evidence of our

common will to help one another. The more we share our experience, skills, and problems, the better we can deal with their tactics.

They cannot divide and conquer, because we are united in the joint

defense of our laws and liberties through common bonds. I am glad

to have had an opportunity today to present my views to this subcommittee and to congratulate it on the thoughtful work it is doing.

Senator DODD. Thank you, Mr. Kirkpatrick, in behalf of the subcommittee and of myself, particularly, for the very effective way in

which you have turned the tables on the Communists in illustrating

your most interesting discussion.

If there are no further questions, the committee will adjourn.

0

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