United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science & Technology

Pesticide Data Program

Annual Summary Calendar Year 1997
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997 

iii

Contents

Page No.

Preface .......................................................... vii

Executive Summary .................................................. ix

Section I

Introduction ............................................................ 1

Section II

Sampling Protocol ....................................................... 7

Section III

Laboratory Operations ................................................... 13

Section IV

Sample Results and Discussion ............................................. 15

Appendices A-M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A Commodity History

Appendix B Sample Origin by Grower, Packer, or Distributor

Appendix C Distribution of Residues for Aldicarb in Potatoes - Special Survey

Appendix D Quality Assurance Program Elements

Appendix E Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Fruit and Vegetables

Appendix F Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Wheat - Crop Year 1997

Appendix G Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Soybeans - Crop Year 1996

Appendix H Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Milk

Appendix I National Estimates for Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

Appendix J Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected Pesticide/Commodity Pairs 

Appendix K Percentage of Samples vs. Number of Residues Detected per Sample

Appendix L Distribution of Presumptive Tolerance Violations

Appendix M Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997 

v

Figures and Tables

Figures

Page No.

 1 Overview of PDP Management and Operations ....................... 2

 2 Participating States and Their Geographical Distribution Areas ............ 3

 3 Commodity Origin (Percentage Domestic vs. Imported) ................. 9

 4 Distribution of Grain Samples .................................... 11

Tables

 1 Pesticides in Pesticide Data Program, 1997 ........................... 4

 2 Samples Collected and Analyzed per Commodity by Each Participating State . 8

 3A Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity ............. 16

 3B Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity

 (Excludes Postharvest Applications) ............................ 17

 4 Comparison of Selected Residues Detected in Fresh vs. Canned/Frozen 

 Green Beans .............................................. 18

 5 Selected Residue Comparisons for Apples vs. Apple Juice .............. 18
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

vii

Preface

In 1991 the United States Department of Agriculture standardized, validated, and subject to strict quality

(USDA) was charged with implementing a program to control and quality assurance programs. The Food

collect data on pesticide residues in food. USDA’s Quality Protection Act of 1996, Title III Sec. 301 (c)

Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) was appointed to states: “The Secretary of Agriculture shall ensure that

undertake the creation and implementation of such a the residue data collection activities conducted by the

program, currently known as the Pesticide Data Program Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the

(PDP). PDP has been in operation since May 1991 and Environmental Protection Agency and the Department

has published its findings for calendar years 1991 of Health and Human Services, provide for the

through 1996. This is the summary for calendar year improved data collection of pesticide residues,

1997. including guidelines for the use of comparable

PDP’s data on pesticides in selected commodities

strengthens the Government's ability to respond to food

safety and marketing concerns, to protect public health,

and to provide the Environmental Protection Agency The States participating in PDP deserve special

(EPA) with data needed to assess the actual dietary risk recognition for their contributions to the program.

posed by pesticides. Sample collectors’ vigilance and dedication allow AMS

EPA registers pesticides under a statutory standard that

requires any food tolerance to be based on a reasonable

certainty of no harm. In making risk estimates, EPA

generally uses a step-wise approach to minimize resource

expenditures. As an initial worst case assessment, EPA

assumes that all acres of all crops are treated with all

pesticides for which they have a registered use. EPA

also assumes that residues in treated crops are present at

the maximum allowable level. A theoretical assessment

of risk based on these worst case assumptions may

significantly exceed the actual risk of pesticide residues

in the food supply and jeopardize the registration of

pesticides important to American agriculture. Further

refinements to the risk assessment are done if needed.

These refinements include the percent of crop treated

with a pesticide; statistical analyses of field data; We welcome any comments on the Summary’s

considerations of the effects of washing, cooking, presentation. A form for submitting comments is

processing, and storage; and use of monitoring data, if provided at the end of the Summary.

available and reliable. This is where PDP data are

pivotal. PDP’s sampling procedures were designed to

capture actual residues in the food supply as close as

possible to the time of consumption, thereby significantly

upgrading the statistical reliability and extent of

information available for risk assessment.

PDP continues to focus on the National Academy of

Sciences’ conclusions as shown in the 1993 report

"Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children.” In this

report, the Academy recommends that pesticide residue

monitoring programs target foods most consumed by

children, and that analytical testing methods used be

analytical and standardized reporting methods, and

increased sampling of foods most likely consumed by

infants and children.” 

 

to adjust sampling protocols to respond to changing

trends in commodity distribution. Laboratory staffs were

helpful in formulating recommendations to increase

productivity and improve methodologies. PDP also

thanks the EPA; the Food and Drug Administration

(FDA); AMS’ Eastern Laboratory; and USDA's National

Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Animal and Plant

Health Inspection Service (APHIS), and the Grain

Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration

(GIPSA) for providing their support to the program.

PDP also acknowledges the support of Ed Zager and

Martha Lamont, EPA, Health Effects Division, Office of

Pesticide Programs, for financial oversight of the State

contracts and collaboration in refining the 1997 Program

Plan.

 

Data presented in this summary were collected and

processed through the efforts of the following:

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science and Technology

14th and Independence Avenue, S.W.

Room 3507, South Building, Mail Stop 0222

Post Office Box 96456

Washington, DC 20090-6456
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

viii

Deputy Administrator: William J. Franks, Jr. Michigan Department of Agriculture

Phone: (202) 720-5231 Fax: (202) 720-6496 Laboratory Division

Associate Deputy Administrator: Robert L. Epstein 1615 South Harrison Road

Phone: (202) 720-2158 Fax: (202) 720-1484 East Lansing, MI 48823-5224

Pesticide Data Program Staff

Phone: (703) 330-2300 Fax: (703) 369-0678 New York Department of Agriculture and Markets

Internet Home Page State Campus, Building #7

http://www.ams.usda.gov/science/pdp

Participating State Agencies Consumer Analytical Laboratory

California Department of Food and Agriculture Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

California Department of Pesticide Regulation

Colorado Department of Agriculture Texas Department of Agriculture

Florida Department of Agriculture and Brenham Pesticide Laboratory

 Consumer Services 200 East Horton Street

Maryland Department of Agriculture Brenham, TX 77834

Michigan Department of Agriculture

New York Department of Agriculture and Markets Washington State Department of Agriculture

Ohio Department of Agriculture Chemical and Hop Laboratory

Texas Department of Agriculture 2017 South First Street

Washington State Department of Agriculture Yakima, WA 98903

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and 

 Consumer Protection Participating Federal Laboratories

Participating State Laboratories United States Department of Agriculture

California Department of Food and Agriculture National Monitoring and Residue Analysis Laboratory

Division of Inspection Services 3505 25th Avenue, Building 9

Center for Analytical Chemistry Gulfport, MS 39501

3292 Meadowview Road

Sacramento, CA 95832 United States Department of Agriculture

Florida Department of Agriculture and Administration

 Consumer Services Technical Services Division

Chemical Residue Laboratory, Building #3 10383 North Executive Hills Blvd.

3125 Conner Boulevard Kansas City, MO 64153

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650

 and Agricultural Marketing Service

Chemical Residue Laboratory 645 Cox Road

500 3rd Street, Northwest Gastonia, NC 28054

Winter Haven, FL 33880

Food Laboratory

Albany, NY 12235

Ohio Department of Agriculture

8995 East Main Street

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards

United States Department of Agriculture

Science and Technology, Eastern Laboratory
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

ix

Executive Summary

 

The Pesticide Data Program (PDP) was implemented by Maryland, and Wisconsin dedicated their activities to

the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in collecting and shipping samples to other State and

May 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in foods. Federal participating laboratories for analysis. Maryland,

The data are used by the Environmental Protection replacing North Carolina, commenced their sampling

Agency (EPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), program in March 1997. 

Economic Research Service (ERS), Foreign Agricultural

Service (FAS), and various groups within the private PDP was designed to provide information on pesticide

sector. EPA uses PDP data for its dietary risk assessment residues in food in order to improve the quality of data

and pesticide registration processes. FDA uses PDP data that EPA uses to determine the residue levels in foods

to refine sampling in order to more effectively enforce and estimate exposure to consumers. Without actual

tolerances. ERS evaluates pesticide alternatives utilizing residue data, initial risk assessments are based on

PDP data. PDP data are also used by the government and tolerance levels which do not accurately reflect actual

agricultural community to examine residue issues which residues likely to be found in fresh and processed foods.

may affect good agricultural practices relating to A theoretical risk based on worst-case assumptions may

integrated pest management objectives. FAS references exceed the actual risk of pesticide residues in the food

PDP data in support of U.S. export commodities in a supply and jeopardize the registration of pesticides

competitive global market. Multiple private sector important to American agriculture. Where needed, EPA

groups use PDP data in addressing food safety issues. conducts further refinements to the risk assessment by

using additional information that includes residue

PDP planning and policy are coordinated through an monitoring data, if available and reliable. This is where

Executive Steering Committee consisting of PDP data are pivotal. The data are collected as close to

representatives from USDA, EPA, and FDA. The USDA the point of consumption as possible while retaining

representatives to the committee include: Agricultural identity of product origin. Sampling is based on

Marketing Service (AMS), National Agricultural statistically reliable sampling protocols, thereby

Statistics Service (NASS), ERS, and the Agricultural upgrading their usefulness for risk assessment. 

Research Service (ARS). 

Pesticides monitored by PDP in 1997 included vegetable and milk testing for pesticide residues is

insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators apportioned according to State population and the

in fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, whole milk, samples are randomly chosen without regard for

and grains. Pesticides and commodities were chosen for commodity origin or variety. Samples reflect what is

inclusion in the program based on the EPA's data needs typically available to the consumer throughout the year.

and USDA's food consumption surveys. PDP sampling PDP's sampling protocol takes into account the different

and analysis operations in 1997 were supported through volumes of produce distributed annually from each

EPA contracts and AMS-issued cooperative agreements. sampling site, thus removing a potential source of bias in

PDP's day-to-day administrative, sampling, technical, and estimating residue exposure from PDP-selected

database activities are the responsibility of the AMS commodities. Grain samples are chosen from GIPSA’s

Science and Technology program. During 1997, EPA file samples based on crop years and individual State

monitored contract performance by the participating production figures.

States through review of technical and financial reports.

In 1997, the ten States participating in PDP represented Two commodities--canned peaches and potatoes (special

about 50 percent of the Nation’s population and all survey)--were collected for 13 months, from December

regions of the country. Seven States (California, Florida, 1996 to December 1997. Among the six fresh fruit and

Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Washington) vegetable commodities collected were pears, potatoes,

both collected and analyzed samples. Colorado, spinach, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and winter squash.

The number of samples to be collected for fruit and

In 1997, PDP collected samples from 15 commodities.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

x

PDP also collected samples of six processed fruit and residue allowable on a raw agricultural commodity. A

vegetables, including apple juice (ready-to-serve and violation occurs when a residue is found which exceeds

concentrate), canned/frozen green beans, orange juice the tolerance level or when a residue is found for which

(ready-to-serve and concentrate), canned peaches, canned there is no tolerance for that particular crop. Many

spinach, and frozen winter squash. In addition, samples presumptive violations, where there is no EPA tolerance,

were collected for whole milk, soybeans, and wheat. may be due to spray drift or crop rotations. Only four

presumptive violations (about 1 in 100) were for

PDP collected and analyzed a total of 8,177 samples in pesticide residues where the EPA tolerance was exceeded,

1997. Samples collected originated from 43 States and 451 were violations with no established tolerance for

(includes States contributing grain samples) and 23 the pesticide/commodity pair. 

foreign countries. Of the 6,321 fruit and vegetable

samples collected and analyzed, 13 percent were The limits of detection for each pesticide/commodity pair

imported and 2 percent were mixed national origin in the testing system for PDP are analytically defined at

(mainly orange juice). Apple juice, orange juice, pears, levels low enough to conduct realistic dietary risk

tomatoes, and winter squash accounted for most of the assessments. This enables scientists using PDP data to

imports. In addition, 732 whole milk, 159 soybean (1996 take into account non-detected findings for each

crop year), 623 wheat (1997 crop year), and 342 potato pesticide/commodity combination when performing

samples were collected and analyzed. assessments. 

 

PDP’s test of residues show that farmers are using PDP continually strives to improve methodologies for the

significantly fewer pesticides than would be suggested by collection, testing, and reporting of data. PDP data are

the worst case assessment. This may be due to a available to EPA and other Federal and State agencies

combination of factors, such as percent of crop treated charged with regulating and setting policies on the use of

(as indicated by NASS pesticide usage surveys), pesticides.

dissipation of residues after harvest, and reductions that

occur in processing of commodities to prepare them for

retail sales. Overall, 57 percent of the 6,321 fruit and

vegetable samples analyzed by the PDP participating

laboratories contained at least one pesticide residue. In

breaking down fruit and vegetable samples analyzed into

fresh and processed, 70 percent of the fresh produce and

45 percent of the processed products contained at least

one pesticide residue. Also, 15 percent of the 732 whole

milk samples, 80 percent of the 623 wheat samples, and

87 percent of the 159 soybean samples had at least one

pesticide residue. In total, 7,835 samples were collected

and tested, excluding the 342 samples in the acute dietary

survey in potatoes. More than one residue was detected

in about 30 percent of the fruit and vegetables, half of

the wheat, 30 percent of the soybeans, and only 0.2

percent of milk samples tested. About 24 percent of the

fruit and vegetable residue detections were due to defined

postharvest uses. 

In 1997, PDP found 455 presumptive violations in 412

(5%) samples. By commodity type, there were

presumptive violations in 383 (6%) fruit and vegetable,

23 (4%) wheat, and 6 (0.8%) milk samples. A tolerance

is defined under Section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug,

and Cosmetic Act as the maximum quantity of a pesticide
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

1

Pesticide Data Program (PDP)

Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

This summary consists of the following sections: (I.) Introduction, (II.) Sampling Protocol, (III.) Laboratory

Operations, and (IV.) Sample Results and Discussion.

I. Introduction

The Pesticide Data Program (PDP) of the United States

Department of Agriculture (USDA) utilizes the expertise

available in the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS),

the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), the

Economic Research Service (ERS), and the Agricultural

Research Service (ARS). NASS provides statistically

reliable data on chemical usage at the State level and

collects economic input data that link chemical usage

with economic characteristics. ERS analyzes AMS and

NASS data to understand producer behavior and to

determine the impact various production practices and

policies might have on the Nation's agricultural

production, food supply, and consumers. ARS conducts

nationwide surveys of individual food intake and

household use and is developing a Food Grouping

System to translate data on foods as consumed into forms

that can be linked with pesticide residue data. AMS

selected its Science and Technology program to oversee

PDP’s policy planning and program direction with the

participating State and Federal facilities.

Figure 1, Overview of PDP Management and Operations,

describes the program’s three major components --

sample collection, laboratory analysis, and database

management. In 1997, PDP sampling and/or analytical

operations were performed by ten States (California,

Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Michigan, New York,

Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin) through EPA

issued contracts and AMS cooperative agreements with

the respective State agencies. 

Figure 2 shows the States participating in the program for

collection of fresh and processed fruit and vegetable and

milk samples, which together represent about 50 percent

of the Nation's population. Also shown are 11 other

States (Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii,

Massachusetts, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico,

Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming) where a significant

amount of produce is directly marketed from the

participating States. Figure 3 shows the distribution of

commodities by origin--domestic versus imported and/or

mixed national origin. Figure 4 provides maps showing

the distribution by State of wheat samples for crop year

1997 and soybean samples collected in crop year 1996.

AMS works closely with EPA to select the commodities

and pesticides to be placed in PDP. Commodities chosen

for inclusion are those most often consumed by the

American public, with emphasis on those consumed by

infants and children. Fifteen commodities (apple juice,

canned/frozen green beans, whole milk, orange juice,

canned peaches, pears, potatoes, soybeans, fresh spinach,

canned spinach, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, wheat, fresh

winter squash, and frozen winter squash) were sampled

and analyzed during 1997. The pesticides EPA suggests

for monitoring consist mainly of those whose toxicities

and estimated dietary exposures indicate the need for

more refined exposure estimates. The list is revised

periodically to address EPA’s data needs. Table 1 is a

list of pesticides in the 1997 PDP testing profile for fruit

and vegetables, milk, and grains.

PDP is now a critical component of the Food Quality

Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996, which directs the

Secretary of Agriculture to collect pesticide residue data

in a uniform manner on commodities highly consumed by

infants and children. EPA continues to be an important

recipient of PDP data to implement the provisions of

FQPA. Other government agencies (including the

Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS)) and industry have

used PDP data to promote the export of American

commodities in international markets. Customized

queries of USDA’s PDP database were requested from

various sources to support their risk assessment and

pesticide information priorities.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

2

Main Objectives

C Provide the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with high-quality

data on residues in food. The data are used for dietary risk

assessments and to address pesticide reregistration and special

reviews.

C Address the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences

report Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children.

C Support Foreign Agricultural Services’ international marketing of U.S.

commodities.

C Provide data on pesticide residues which may affect good agricultural

practices relating to integrated pest management objectives.

C Address USDA’s Food Quality Protection Act responsibility.

Sample Collection

C Statistically reliable sampling plan

C Data used to make national inferences

C Collected near consumer level

C Represents about 50% of U.S. population

C Commodities consumed mostly by infants

and children

C Origin of product retained

C Postharvest fungicides & minor use

registration

C Standard Operating Procedures

Laboratory Analysis

C Samples prepared as if for consumption

C State-of-the-art instrumentation

C Detection at very low levels

C QA based on EPA Good Laboratory

Practices

C Confirmation of detected pesticides

C Multiple residue detection methodology

C Standard Operating Procedures

Database Management

C Customized query capability

C Electronic transmission of data

C Standardized data summaries

C Data available on Internet

Participating States - 1997

C California

C Colorado

C Florida

C Maryland

C Michigan

ñ

USDA Laboratories - 1997

C AMS Eastern Laboratory, Gastonia, NC

C APHIS, NMRAL, Gulfport, MS

C GIPSA, Kansas City, MO

C New York

C Ohio

C Texas

C Washington

C Wisconsin

Management and Operations

C Interagency Executive Steering Committee

C Science and Technology

ñ

ñ ñ ñ

ñ ñ

Figure 1. Overview of PDP Management and Operations
Hawaii

Figure 2. Participating States and Their Geographical Distribution Areas

Wyoming

New 

Mexico

Alaska

Michigan

Massachusetts

Vermont

Connecticut

Maryland

Florida

Nevada

States Where Produce is Directly

Participating States

Marketed from Participating States

Wisconsin

Virginia

New Jersey

Delaware

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

3

PDP has also provided information to the Codex sampling sites granting access and providing information

Alimentarius Commission and the World Health to sample collectors. Their cooperation makes it possible

Organization, both of which operate under the auspices to adjust sampling protocols in response to fluctuations

of the United Nations. The information provided was on in food distribution.

extraneous residues in foods (environmental

contaminants such as DDT and metabolites) and PDP’s

Proficiency Check Sample Program.

turn-around time for analysis of enforcement samples.

To obtain pesticide residue data on fruit and vegetable

commodities as close to the point of consumption as

possible, samples are collected at distribution points just

before release to supermarkets and grocery stores.

Sampling at these locations allows for residue

measurements that include fungicides and growth

regulators, and takes into account degradation of

pesticides while in storage. Participation as a PDP

sampling site is voluntary, which sets it apart from State

and Federal enforcement programs. There are about 900

PDP differs markedly from regulatory monitoring

programs (tolerance enforcement), which require quick

Under tolerance enforcement, the sampled commodity

may be detained at the distribution facility while awaiting

sample results. PDP places emphasis on searching for

residues at the lowest detectable levels rather than on

quick sample turnaround; therefore, analysis of PDP

samples may take more than a month, and does not affect

commodity distribution. Appendix A is a chronological

history of the 33 commodities in PDP from program

inception through mid-1998.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

4

Table 1. Pesticides in Pesticide Data Program, 1997

PART IA. Fresh and Processed Fruits and Vegetables (F&V)

(Subject to PDP quality assurance criteria)

46 Pesticides + 20 Metabolites/Degradates/Isomers

Acephate Disulfoton Mevinphos E/Z

Aldicarb sulfoxide Disulfoton sulfone Naled (analyzed as dichlorvos)

Aldicarb sulfone Endosulfans Oxamyl

Atrazine Endosulfan I Parathion methyl

Azinphos methyl Endosulfan II Permethrins

Benomyl (analyzed as carbendazim) Endosulfan sulfate Phorate

Captan Ethion Phorate sulfoxide 

Carbaryl Fenamiphos Phorate sulfone

Carbofuran Fenamiphos sulfoxide Phosphamidon

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran Fenamiphos sulfone Propargite

Chlorothalonil Fenvalerate/Esfenvalerate Quintozene (PCNB)

Chlorpropham Formetanate Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)

Chlorpyrifos Imazalil Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)

DCPA Iprodione Terbufos 

DDE Lindane (BHC gamma) Terbufos sulfone

Diazinon Malathion Tetrachlorvinphos

Dichlorvos (DDVP) Methamidophos Thiabendazole

Dicloran Methidathion Thiodicarb (analyzed as methomyl)

Dicofol Methomyl Trifluralin

Dimethoate Methoxychlor Vinclozolin

 Omethoate

PART IB. Other Pesticides/Metabolites Analyzed in F&V

(Capability from 1991-1997)

50 Pesticides + 24 Metabolites/Degradates/IIsomers

Aldicarb Demeton-S Oxydemeton methyl sulfone 

Aldrin (analyzed as dieldrin) Demeton-S sulfone metabolite

Allethrin Diazinon oxygen analog metabolite Oxyfluorfen

Anilazine Dieldrin Parathion

Azinphos Diphenylamine Parathion oxygen analog

Benfluralin 4-Hydroxydiphenylamine o-Phenylphenol

BHCs Diuron Phorate oxygen analog 

 BHC alpha Doramectin Phorate oxygen analog sulfone

 BHC beta Ethalfluralin Phosalone

 BHC delta Ethoprop Phosmet

Bifenthrin Fenitrothion Piperonyl butoxide

Carbophenothion Fenitrothion oxygen analog Pirimiphos methyl

Chlordanes Fenpropathrin Profenofos

 Oxychlordane Fenthion Quintozene impurities or metabolites

Chlorfenvinphos alpha/beta Fonofos Pentachloroaniline (PCA)

Chlorpyrifos methyl Heptachlor Pentachlorophenol

Coumaphos Heptachlor epoxide Simazine

 Coumaphos oxygen analog Lambda cyhalothrin+ isomer Sulprofos

Cyfluthrin Linuron Tecnazene

Cypermethrin MCPA (m-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) Terbufos oxygen analog sulfone

DDT Metalaxyl Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) 

 DDD (TDE) Methiocarb (analyzed as sulfoxide) (captan metabolite)

DEF Myclobutanil Toxaphene

Demeton 1-Napthol (carbaryl metabolite) Triadimefon

Ovex
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

5

PART IIA. Wheat - 1997 Crop Year

(Subject to PDP quality assurance criteria)

Analyzed by Multiresidue Methods (MRMs)

31 Pesticides + 8 Metabolites/Degradates/Isomers

Aldicarb Fenitrothion

 Aldicarb sulfone Fenitrothion oxygen-analog

Atrazine Imazalil

Azinphos methyl Linuron

Carbaryl Malathion

Carbofuran Methiocarb (analyzed as sulfoxide)

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran Methomyl

Chlorpyrifos Methoxychlor

Chlorpyrifos methyl Naled (analyzed as dichlorvos)

Demeton-S Oxamyl

Diazinon Parathion

Dichlorvos (DDVP) Parathion methyl

Diclofop methyl Phorate

Dimethoate Phorate sulfone

 Omethoate Pirimiphos methyl

Disulfoton Thiabendazole

 Disulfoton sulfone Thiodicarb (analyzed as methomyl)

Endosulfans Triallate

 Endosulfan I Trifluralin

 Endosulfan II 

 Endosulfan sulfate

PART IIB. Soybeans - 1996 Crop Year

(Subject to PDP quality assurance criteria)

Analyzed by Multiresidue Methods (MRMs)

30 Pesticides + 9 Metabolites/Degradates/Isomers

Alachlor Disulfoton

Aldicarb Endrin

 Aldicarb sulfone Fenamiphos

Azinphos methyl Fenvalerate/Esfenvalerate

BHCs Fluazifop-butyl

 BHC alpha Linuron

 BHC beta Malathion

 BHC delta Methiocarb (analyzed as sulfoxide)

Carbaryl Methomyl

Carbofuran Metolachlor

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran Metribuzin

Chlorpyrifos Oxamyl

DDT Parathion

 DDD (TDE) Parathion methyl

Diazinon Pendimethalin

Diclofop methyl Permethrins

Dieldrin Phorate

Dimethoate Thiabendazole
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

6

PART IIIA. Milk

(Subject to PDP quality assurance criteria)

 49 Compounds of Primary Concern + 26 Metabolites/Degradates/Isomers

2,4-D Chlorpyrifos methyl Fenthion

Abamectin (avermectin b1a and delta Coumaphos Fenvalerate/Esfenvalerate

 8,9 isomer) DDT Heptachlor 

Acephate DDD (TDE) Heptachlor epoxide

Aldicarb DDE Iprodione

 Aldicarb sulfoxide DEF Ivermectin

 Aldicarb sulfone Dichlorvos Lindane (BHC gamma)

Atrazine Dieldrin (also a metabolite of aldrin) Malathion

Azinphos methyl Dimethoate Methidathion

BHCs Omethoate Naled (analyzed as dichlorvos)

 BHC alpha Diphenylamine Oxyfluorfen

 BHC beta Doramectin Permethrins

 BHC delta Disulfoton Phorate 

Benomyl (analyzed as carbendazim) Disulfoton sulfone Phorate sulfone

Carbaryl Endosulfans Pirimiphos methyl

Carbofuran Endosulfan I Profenofos

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran Endosulfan II Propargite

Carbophenothion Endosulfan sulfate Quintozene (PCNB)

Chlordanes cis/trans (metabolize to Ethalfluralin Simazine

 oxychlordane) Fenamiphos Sulprofos

 Oxychlordane Fenamiphos sulfoxide Tetrachlorvinphos

Chlorfenvinphos (alpha/beta) Fenamiphos sulfone Thiabendazole

Chlorpropham Fenitrothion 5-Hydroxythiabendazole sulfate

Chlorpyrifos Fenitrothion oxygen-analog

PART IIIB. Milk

Other Pesticides/Metabolites Analyzed in Milk

39 Pesticides + 18 Metabolites/Degradates/Isomers

2,4-DB Malathion oxygen-analog metabolite Phosalone

Captan Metalaxyl Phosmet

Chlorothalonil Methamidophos Phosphamidon

Coumaphos O-analog metabolite Methiocarb (analyzed as sulfoxide) Picloram 

Cyfluthrin Methomyl Piperonyl butoxide

Cypermethrin Methoxychlor Pirimiphos methyl metabolite

DCPA Mevinphos E/Z Quintozene impurities or metabolites

Dalapon Myclobutanil Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)

Demeton-S sulfone metabolite Oxamyl Pentachloroaniline (PCA) 

Diazinon Oxydemeton methyl sulfone Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)

Dicamba metabolite Pentachlorophenol

Dicloran Parathion Tecnazene

Dicofol Parathion methyl Terbufos

Diuron Pentachlorophenol Terbufos sulfone

Ethion o-Phenylphenol Thiodicarb (analyzed as methomyl)

4-Hydroxydiphenylamine metabolite Phorate sulfoxide metabolite Triclopyr

Imazalil Phorate oxygen analog metabolite Trifluralin

Linuron Phorate oxygen analog sulfone Vinclozolin

MCPA (m-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) metabolite
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

7

II. Sampling Protocol

Fruit and Vegetables Sampling Plan

PDP’s statistically reliable sampling protocol for fresh and

processed fruit and vegetables allows for making nearly

unbiased estimates of pesticide residues for commodities

collected in the participating States and makes it possible

to quantify the accuracy of the estimates for the Nation as

a whole. Comparisons of PDP sample data with

independent estimates of commodity production figures by

State as well as import data have shown close correlations.

This sampling approach has yielded a good representation

of actual pesticide residues in U.S. commodities and has

played an important role in marketing U.S. products.

 Sampling Procedures 

Participating States are responsible for compiling and

maintaining lists of sites used for sample collection. Since

PDP strives to collect samples as close to the consumer as

possible, while maintaining sample origin, most of the

sites for fresh fruit and vegetables are either terminal

markets or large chain store distribution centers. Both of

these locations serve as the last stopover before produce

reaches retailers and, ultimately, consumers. This

provides a better picture of actual dietary exposure to

pesticide residues by taking into account pesticide

degradation that occurs during transit and storage.

Sampling at these locations also provides information on

postharvest application of fungicides and growth

regulators.

 

Processed commodity samples are collected at distribution

centers or large warehouses. To provide PDP with data on

various types of commodities, differing sampling

collection rotations were established. For apple and

orange juice, samples were collected on a 2 to 1 ratio for

each quarter--2 months ready-to-serve and 1 month

concentrate. For winter squash, sampling was alternated

on a quarterly basis between fresh and frozen. For green

beans, samples were collected on an alternate basis--1

month canned and 1 month frozen. For spinach, fresh

product was collected during the first three quarters of

1997 and canned during the fourth and subsequent

quarters in 1998.

 

After establishing their site lists, States are required to

provide AMS and NASS with annual volume information

for each site (quantity of commodity distributed in 1 year).

This information is used to “weight” the site to determine

the probability for selection. For example, a site that

distributes 100,000 pounds of produce annually might be

given a weight of “10,” and a site that distributes 10,000

pounds might be weighted “1.” The probabilityproportionate-to-size method of site selection would then

result in the larger site (distributing 100,000 pounds) being

10 times more likely to be selected for sampling than the

smaller site (distributing 10,000 pounds). Participating

States are required to work with NASS to develop their

statistical procedures for site weighting and selection.

States are also given the option of having NASS perform

their quarterly site selection for them. The number of

sampling sites and the volume of produce distributed by the

sites vary greatly from State to State. Sample size was

approximately 5 pounds for fresh product, 3 pounds for

canned and frozen product, and 1 quart for liquid product

for each applicable testing facility. 

State population figures are used to assign the number of

fruit and vegetable samples scheduled for collection per

commodity each month. For 1997, these numbers were:

California-14, Colorado-2, Florida-7, Maryland-4,

Michigan-6, New York-9, Ohio-6, Texas-8, Washington-4,

and Wisconsin-2, for an annual total of 744 samples per

commodity. 

 

Sampling plans, which were prepared by the States on a

quarterly basis, included sampling dates, sites, and fruit and

vegetable commodities for collection during each month of

the quarter. Although sites could only be sampled once per

month for the same commodity, States were allowed to

collect two different commodities at the same site on the

same date. This “pairing” of commodities reduced the

number of sampling dates and cost of sample collection.

States were also instructed to collect all samples of the

same commodity on one sampling date, or, if needed, within

two consecutive dates. Collection of commodities was

randomly assigned to various weeks of the month, prior to

selecting specific sampling dates within the week. Since

sampling sites were selected for the entire quarter, States

were allowed to assign the sites to particular months based

on geographic location.

 

In 1997, all PDP States participated in transshipment pools

whereby samples of fruit and vegetable commodities

collected by “paired” (two or more) States were combined

into one set for analytical testing in one State laboratory.

This arrangement created larger sample sets, increased

proficiency and productivity, and substantially reduced

costs for multiresidue testing and mandatory quality

assurance. The set of pooled States comprised: Colorado,

Michigan, and Washington; New York, Ohio, and

Wisconsin; California and Maryland; and Florida and

Texas. 
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

8

Chain-of-custody for PDP samples is documented through

the use of “Sample Information Forms.” These forms are

used by the sample collectors to record all available

sample information, such as: (1) the State where the

sample was collected; (2) the date of collection; (3) the

four-digit code for the sampling site; and (4) the

commodity code. These four pieces of information are

combined to form a unique “sample identification number”

for recording in the PDP database. Additional information

includes: (1) whether the sample is domestic or imported

and, if imported, the country of origin; (2) the name of the

sampling site, grower, packer, or distributor; and (3) a list

of potential or known postharvest applications. The

Sample Information Forms are also used to keep track of

any missing samples that are not collected, lost in transit,

or damaged and unable to be analyzed when received at

the laboratory.

The participating States have been given Standard

Operating Procedures (SOPs) to provide uniform

guidance for commodity sampling among the States.

These SOPs are updated as needed and serve as a

reference in conducting program sampling reviews.

 Synopsis of Sample Collection (Fruit

and Vegetables) 

A total of 6,321 samples of fresh and processed fruit and

vegetables were collected during 1997. As shown in Table

2, the number of samples collected per State was:

California-1,321, Colorado-207, Florida-752, Maryland312, Michigan-640, New York-979, Ohio-633, Texas-849,

Washington-420, and Wisconsin-208. The total number of

samples collected is less than the assigned number to be

sampled due to the unavailability of product at either the

original or alternate sampling site. This is often due to the

commodity growing season.

Figure 3 shows the total number of samples per commodity

and the percentage of each that were either domestic,

imported, mixed national, or of unknown origin.

Appendix B provides a more detailed breakdown of sample

origin by state or country. As indicated, fruit and vegetable

and milk samples collected during 1997 originated from 37

states and 23 foreign countries.

Table 2. Samples Collected and Analyzed per Commodity by Each Participating State

Fresh F&V Processed F&V

State PE SP SW TO WS AJ GB OJ PC SC WZ F&V MK

Total

California 148 106 142 162 121 142 154 152 164 30 0* 1321 168

Colorado 23 17 23 23 14 23 23 23 24 6 8 207 24

Florida 84 62 81 83 68 82 84 83 89 21 15 752 61

Maryland 36 23 38 39 35 33 33 32 32 9 2 312 20

Michigan 72 51 71 72 35 69 72 69 78 18 33 640 72

New York 108 81 108 108 55 108 108 108 115 27 53 979 119

Ohio 70 51 71 71 35 71 71 70 78 18 27 633 58

Texas 96 68 92 96 47 93 93 94 104 24 42 849 71

Washington 47 36 46 46 24 46 45 45 50 11 24 420 44

Wisconsin 24 17 24 24 6 22 24 22 24 4 17 208 95

TOTAL 708 512 696 724 440 689 707 698 758 168 221 6321** 732

Commodities:

AJ - Apple Juice, Ready-to-Serve/Concentrate PC - Peaches, Canned SW - Sweet Potatoes

GB - Green Beans, Canned/Frozen PE - Pears TO - Tomatoes

MK - Milk SC - Spinach, Canned WS - Winter Squash, Fresh

OJ - Orange Juice, Ready-to-Serve/Concentrate SP - Spinach, Fresh WZ - Winter Squash, Frozen

* California samplers were unable to locate any frozen winter squash after repeated attempts.

** Total samples do not include special surveys conducted for grains and potatoes.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

9

Pears

(708 Samples)

Spinach, Fresh

(512 Samples)

Tomatoes

(724 Samples)

Sweet Potatoes

(696 Samples)

Winter Squash, Fresh

(440 Samples)

Figure 3. Commodity Origin (Percentage Domestic vs. Imported)

A. Fresh Commodities
75.5% Domestic 0.1% Unknown

23.1% Import

1.3% MN

70.6% Domestic

0.3% Unknown

11.0% Import

18.1% MN

100% Domestic

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

10

Green Beans

(707 Samples)

Apple Juice

(689 Samples)

Orange Juice

(698 Samples) Peaches

(758 Samples)

Spinach, Canned

(168 Samples)

Winter Squash, Frozen

(221 Samples)

B. Processed Commodities*

MN = Mixed National

* For processed commodities, percentages were mainly derived from packer and/or distributor information.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

11

Grain Sampling Program

Wheat Sampling

The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards

Administration (GIPSA) collected 623 wheat samples for

the 1997 crop year. The sample collection period for

wheat was divided into two phases - May 1, 1997, to

September 30, 1997, and October 1, 1997, to February 28,

1998. Figure 4 (Map 1) provides a map of the United

States showing the distribution of wheat samples by State

of origin.

The number of samples collected by each of GIPSA’s 13 production and sales data served as a basis for estimating

regional offices was determined based on average State the number of samples collected by each regional office.

crop production data and further divided into two Regional office field managers then directed the collection

collection phases according to harvest and sales data. of soybean samples. Sampling, shipping, and chain-ofSample selection in GIPSA’s 13 regional offices was done custody procedures for soybean samples were identical to

randomly based on an individual State determined those for wheat samples. Figure 4 (Map 2) displays the

algorithm. Sample collection was based on official sampling distribution of soybeans collected for PDP by

sample-lot inspections from domestic lots representing State of origin.

trucks, hopper cars, and barges (excluding grain samples

segregated for export). Grain samples required a

minimum of 500 grams for testing. These samples were

secured in polyethylene bags and forwarded to GIPSA’s

Technical Services Division laboratory (Kansas City, MO)

for analysis. Chain-of-custody procedures were the same

as for fruit and vegetable samples. 

Soybean Sampling 

For soybeans, GIPSA collected 159 samples for the 1996

crop year. Sample collection was truncated in the fall of

1996 due to funding constraints. As with wheat, crop

Figure 4. Distribution of Grain Samples

Map 1. Crop Year 1997, Distribution of 623 Wheat Samples by State Origin
States with fewer than 30 samples

Wisconsin

Arkansas

Indiana

Tenn.

Nebraska

Missouri

Kansas

Kentucky

N. Carolina

States with more than 30 samples

Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

12

Map 2. Crop Year 1996, Distribution of 159 Soybean Samples by State Origin

Milk Sampling Program

 

Sampling of whole milk was based on consumption in the

ten participating States. These States represented 56

percent of the national milk production and 47 percent of

the fluid milk (i.e., whole, 2%, 1%, and skim) available on

the U.S. market in 1996, the last year for which statistics

are available. Milk samples have a relatively short

production/distribution life, spanning about 2-3 weeks

from the manufacturer to the consumer. Consequently, the

product is not warehoused but distributed directly to

supermarkets. PDP sampling was therefore directed at the

200 fluid milk plants and at approved supermarket

surrogates which marketed the plants’ product directly.

Sampling was apportioned by relative State share of the

national production in 1996 and the fraction of total milk

(expressed as a decimal) processed as liquid product to

yield a maximum of 62 samples/month as follows:

California 16.8%-0.26, Colorado 1.0%-0.46, Florida

1.6%-0.88, Maryland 0.8%-0.48, Michigan 3.5%-0.47,

New York 7.5%-0.41, Ohio 2.8%-0.55, Texas 4.0%-0.50,

Washington 3.4%-0.34, and Wisconsin 14.5%-0.20. As

a result, monthly sampling quotas using a minimum of

two samples were as follows: California-14, Colorado-2,

Florida-5, Maryland-2, Michigan-6, New York-10, Ohio5, Texas-6, Washington-4, and Wisconsin-8. 
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

13

All 732 samples collected originated in the participating test new technologies and develop new techniques to

States, except for three which came from PDP border improve the levels of detection. Major changes in

States. A list of sample collections by State is found in methodology are evaluated, and their soundness

Table 2 and distribution by origin in Appendix B. If the demonstrated and documented in accordance with PDP

fluid milk production for the given site as a percentage of SOPs.

total State production exceeded one divided by the State’s

sample quota, allowance was made for the possible PDP participating laboratories analyzing fruit and

collection of a second sample for the month. vegetables monitored 46 pesticides plus 20 metabolites,

Three State laboratories--California, New York, and (MRMs) and two pesticides by single or selective

Florida--were designated to receive and analyze milk residue methods (SRMs). PDP participating

samples. The AMS Eastern Laboratory provided laboratories analyzing milk monitored 49 compounds of

services for specific residue analyses (i.e., abamectin, primary concern plus 26 metabolites, degradates, and

benomyl, doramectin, ivermectin, thiabendazole, and isomers using multiresidue methods (MRMs) and four

5-hydroxythiabendazole sulfate) for samples collected pesticides plus one metabolite by single or selective

through September 30, 1997. The California laboratory residue methods (SRMs). Since SRMs are resource

serviced California, Colorado, and Maryland; the Florida- intensive, this type of analysis was performed only at

Winter Haven laboratory received samples from Florida, selected laboratories for specific commodities as

Michigan, Texas, and Washington; and the New York indicated below: 

laboratory analyzed samples from New York, Ohio, and

Wisconsin.

Monitoring Aldicarb in Potatoes - Special

Dietary Survey

In response to an EPA request to re-evaluate the tolerance

for use of aldicarb on potatoes, PDP initiated a singleserving size survey to assess dietary risk. The survey

design targeted potato samples originating from four

States with a registered use for aldicarb ( Florida, Idaho,

Oregon, and Washington). Samples were collected for

the period December 1, 1996 - December 31, 1997, by

eight participating PDP States including: California,

Colorado, Florida, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas,

and Washington. During this period, 342 samples were

collected and analyzed with 290 (85%) originating from

targeted States. Laboratory procedures and survey

results are discussed separately in Appendix C.

III. Laboratory Operations

Eleven laboratories (eight State and three Federal)

performed analyses for PDP during 1997. These

laboratories are equipped with instrumentation capable of

detecting residues at very low levels. The laboratory staff

receive intensive training and must demonstrate analytical

proficiency on an ongoing basis. Scientists continuously

degradates, and isomers using multiresidue methods

Laboratories Performing SRMs

1. APHIS, NMRAL, Gulfport, MS

Pesticide: Benomyl

Commodities: Apple Juice, Green Beans 

(canned/frozen) (Oct-Dec), Orange

Juice, Peaches (canned), Sweet 

Potatoes, and Tomatoes

2. AMS Eastern Laboratory, Gastonia, NC

Pesticides: Abamectin, Benomyl, Thiabendazole 

and 5-Hydroxythiabendazole sulfate

Commodity: Milk (Apr-Sep)

Pesticide: Formetanate

Commodity: Pears (Oct-Dec)

3. Selected State Laboratories

Pesticide: 2,4-D

Commodity: Milk
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

14

 Quality Assurance Program

The main objectives of the quality assurance/quality

control (QA/QC) program are to ensure the reliability of

PDP data and the performance equivalency of the

participating laboratories. Direction for PDP's QA

program is provided through SOPs based on EPA's Good

Laboratory Practices (GLPs). For day-to-day quality

assurance oversight, PDP relies on the Quality Assurance

Unit (QAU) at each participating facility. As required

under EPA’s GLPs, the QAU operates independently

from their laboratory staff. Preliminary QA/QC review

procedures are performed on-site by each laboratory's

QAU. Final review procedures are performed by PDP

staff, who are responsible for collating and reviewing

data for conformance with SOPs. Additionally, PDP

staff also monitor the participants' performance through

proficiency samples, QAU quarterly internal reviews, and

on-site visits. Additional information on PDP's QA

program is provided in Appendix D.

 

 Sample Preparation

Laboratories are permitted to refrigerate fresh incoming

fruit and vegetable samples of the same commodity for

up to 72 hours and milk samples up to 240 hours, to

allow for different sample arrival times from the

collection sites. Frozen and canned commodities can be

held in storage (freezer or shelf) until the entire sample

set is ready to be homogenized. Grain samples are

refrigerated until homogenization.

Upon arrival at the testing facility, samples are visually

examined for acceptability and discarded if determined to

be inedible (decayed, extensively bruised, or spoiled).

Accepted samples are then prepared emulating the

practices of the average consumer, to more closely

represent actual exposure to residues. Fresh samples are

prepared as follows: (1) pears are washed and cored; (2)

sweet potatoes are washed; (3) tomatoes are washed with

inedibles removed; (4) winter squash is washed with stem

and/or end pieces removed; (5) fresh and reconstituted

apple and orange juice and milk are mixed until

homogeneous; (6) apple and orange juice frozen

concentrate is diluted according to label directions and

mixed until homogeneous; and (7) wheat and soybeans

are ground and then analyzed. For canned and frozen

fruit and vegetable commodities, the entire contents of

the sample is homogenized--including any liquid present.

Samples, except apple and orange juice and milk, are

homogenized using choppers and/or blenders and

separated into analytical portions (aliquots) for analysis.

If testing cannot be performed immediately, the entire

analytical set is frozen at -40E C, or lower, according to

PDP's QA/QC requirements. Surplus aliquots, not used

for the initial testing, are retained frozen in the event that

replication of analysis or verification testing is needed.

 Sample Analysis

For analysis of fruit and vegetables, variations and

combinations of the Luke I and II extraction procedures

developed by FDA were used by Florida, Michigan, New

York, Ohio, and Texas. California and Washington used

the multiresidue method developed by the California

Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). Florida

developed and switched to a modification of the CDFA

multiresidue method in an effort to reduce solvent usage.

The Luke and CDFA methods and their variations were

determined to produce equivalent data for PDP analytical

purposes. Residues are extracted from samples using

organic solvents followed by various cleanup procedures.

Selective residue methods, when employed for 2,4-D,

abamectin, benomyl, formetanate, and thiabendazole,

were independently validated by the laboratory(ies)

performing analysis. 

Various types of chromatography are used for the initial

identification and quantitation of pesticides. Verification

is accomplished by various forms of mass spectrometry,

atomic emission detectors (AEDs), or by alternate

detection systems, depending on the concentration

reported. Limits of detection for various selective

detectors are lower than those achieved by mass

spectrometry detectors. Verification is deemed necessary

due to the complexity of commodity matrices and the low

concentration levels of detected residues. The

verification process provides an extra measure of

confidence in the identification of both the pesticide

residue and its concentration. 

Analysis of grain samples was performed by the GIPSA

laboratory. Wheat samples were monitored for 31

pesticides and eight metabolites/degradates/isomers.

Soybean samples were analyzed for 30 pesticides and

nine metabolites/degradates/isomers. Extraction was

accomplished using supercritical fluid extraction (a

solventless system) coupled with mass spectrometry

detection or post-column, high-performance liquid

chromatography detection.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

15

IV. Sample Results and Discussion

 

 Sample Results

For 1997, most pesticide residue detections were below

tolerance levels established by EPA. A tolerance is the

maximum allowable quantity of a pesticide residue for

a particular commodity. In PDP, the limits of detection

for each pesticide/commodity pair in the testing system

are analytically defined at levels low enough to conduct

realistic dietary risk assessments. This enables

scientists using PDP data to take into account nondetected residue findings for each pesticide/commodity

combination when performing dietary risk assessments.

This is illustrated in Appendices E, F, G, and H.

Appendix E shows the distribution for detected and nondetected residues in fruit and vegetables for each

pesticide by commodity. Shown in Appendix E are:

percent of samples with residue detections and any noted

violations by pesticide/commodity combination,

agricultural use, minimum and maximum concentrations

detected, U.S. EPA tolerances, and where applicable

Codex Alimentarius maximum residues limits (MRLs).

Appendices F and G depict similar pesticide information

for the grain products wheat and soybeans and

Appendix H for milk samples. Tables 3A and 3B

represent summaries of pesticide residue detections by

commodity class and specific commodities tested,

including and excluding information on postharvest

residue findings.

About 57 percent of the fruit and vegetable samples

(70% in fresh and 45% in processed) analyzed had

detectable pesticide residues (see Table 1 for list of

pesticides in the testing system). If postharvest

pesticide detections are excluded, the percentage of

samples with detected residues decreases to about 47

percent. Pesticide residues were detected in 87 percent

of the soybean samples, 80 percent of the wheat

samples, and 15 percent of the milk samples.

 Postharvest Applications

Before PDP began collecting data, most available

information on pesticide use in the United States was

limited to pesticides applied to sustain agricultural

production (preharvest applications). Little was known

about pesticides applied to preserve the fruit and

vegetable products after harvest (postharvest

applications). PDP’s database has since become one of

the most comprehensive sources of postharvest

pesticide use patterns, because samples are collected at

points where such uses have taken place. Most

postharvest applications are confined to fungicides (to

control mold and fungus) and growth regulators (to

prevent sprouting). PDP compounds with approved

postharvest applications are the fungicides dicloran

(peaches and sweet potatoes), diphenylamine, imazalil

(citrus), o-phenylphenol, and thiabendazole. There

were no residues of dicloran in canned peaches since

there is no need for its application prior to processing.

In the 1996 Annual Summary, there were 316 dicloran

detections in sweet potatoes which were not accounted

for in determining residue detections from postharvest

use, adjusting the number of postharvest residues

detected in 1996 to 2,095 or 24.6 percent. 

To illustrate the impact of postharvest uses, detections

including and excluding residues of these compounds

are listed in Tables 3A and 3B, respectively. About 24

percent of the residues detected in fruit and vegetables

were from postharvest uses. The most significant

differences in the number of residue detections as a

result of postharvest uses were for sweet potatoes,

where there was a 70 percent decrease in residue

findings when subtracting out dicloran, and for pears,

where there was a 46 percent reduction in residue

detections when factoring out postharvest uses.

Tables 3A and 3B show that the five fungicides

mentioned above accounted for 1,670 detections

(24.2%) of the 6,902 total residue detections in fruit

and vegetables. Thiabendazole was the most

frequently found pesticide, primarily occurring in fruit,

with 737 detections (10.7% of all residues detected).

Wheat data presented in Appendix F indicate that the

most frequently found pesticides were chlorpyrifos

methyl and malathion. These two pesticides with preand postharvest uses accounted for 85 percent of the

residue detections in the 623 wheat samples tested.

The soybean data in Appendix G shows that for the

159 samples tested, pre- and postharvest uses of

chlorpyrifos and malathion combined accounted for 93

percent of residue detections.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

16

Table 3A. Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity

Total Samples with Residues with Residues Residues Residue

Analyzed Detected Detected Detected Detections

Samples % of Samples Different Total

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables:

 Pears 708 672 95 29 1,677

 Spinach, Fresh 512 406 79 31 836

 Sweet Potatoes 696 446 64 22 569

 Tomatoes 724 456 63 38 1,029

 Winter Squash, Fresh 440 176 40 31 303

TOTAL 3,080 2,156 70 67 4,414

Processed Fruit and Vegetables:

 Apple Juice 689 463 67 18 826

 Green Beans 707 454 64 29 962

 Orange Juice 698 132 19 10 191

 Peaches 758 128 17 15 144

 Spinach, Canned 168 150 89 6 191

 Winter Squash, Frozen 221 117 53 21 174

TOTAL 3,241 1,444 45 50 2,488

Fruit and Vegetables:

 Number of Samples Analyzed = 6,321

 Number of Samples with Residues Detected = 3,600

 Percent with Residue Detections = 57.0%

 Total Number of Different Residues = 72

 Total Number of Residue Detections = 6,902

Grain:

 Wheat * 623 500 80 13 901

 Soybeans ** 159 138 87 6 193

TOTAL 782 638 82 16 1,094

 Dairy:

 Milk 732 111 15 5 112

All Commodities:

 Number of Samples Analyzed = 7,835

 Number of Samples with Residues Detected = 4,349

 Percent with Residue Detections = 55.5%

 Total Number of Different Residues = 78

 Total Number of Residue Detections = 8,108

* Includes pre- and postharvest uses for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl and malathion

** Includes pre- and postharvest uses for chlorpyrifos and malathion
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

17

Table 3B. Number of Samples and Residues Detected, by Commodity

 (Excludes Postharvest Applications)*

Total Samples with Residues with Residues Residues Residue

Analyzed Detected Detected Detected Detections

Samples % of Samples Different Total

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables:

 Pears 708 561 79 26 898

 Spinach, Fresh 512 403 79 29 825

 Sweet Potatoes 696 142 20 18 168

 Tomatoes 724 432 60 36 986

 Winter Squash, Fresh 440 173 39 28 298

TOTAL 3,080 1,711 56 64 3,175

Processed Fruit and Vegetables:

 Apple Juice 689 355 52 15 523

 Green Beans 707 451 64 26 950

 Orange Juice 698 84 12 6 107

 Peaches 758 108 14 12 120

 Spinach, Canned 168 150 89 5 189

 Winter Squash, Frozen 221 112 51 18 168

TOTAL 3,241 1,260 39 46 2,057

Fruit and Vegetables:

 Number of Samples Analyzed = 6,321

 Number of Samples with Residues Detected = 2,971

 Percent with Residue Detections = 47.0%

 Total Number of Different Residues = 69

 Total Number of Residue Detections = 5,232

* Dicloran (peaches and sweet potatoes), Diphenylamine, 4-Hydroxydiphenylamine, Imazalil (citrus), o-Phenylphenol, and

Thiabendazole

 Data Comparisons, Fresh vs.

Processed Products

Residue profiles for fresh vs. canned/frozen green beans

are remarkably different. The 1997 pesticide residue

findings for canned/frozen green beans were similar to

the 1996 findings. These data clearly indicate that fresh

and canned/frozen green beans represent different

commodities having distinctively different pesticide

residue profiles as illustrated in Table 4.

Table 5 depicts the comparison between fresh apples and

apple juice. For the most part, residue detections are

fewer in apple juice, except for carbaryl and

dimethoate/omethoate, where pesticide residue detections

are more frequent. Carbaryl occurred in about 30 percent

of the apple juice samples tested in 1996-1997 compared

to about 15 percent of the fresh apples over 4 years. The

mean residue for samples with carbaryl detections in

apple juice was about 15 percent of the mean residue

level of positive detections in apples. Similarly,
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

18

Table 4. Comparison of Selected Residues Detected in Fresh vs. Canned/Frozen 

Green Beans

Year--Product Type % Detections % Detections % Detections % Detections % Detections

Endosulfans Chlorothalonil methamidophos Carbaryl Parathion-methyl

Acephate/

1993--Fresh 40.3 11.5 19.2 / 20.1 4.3 0

1994--Fresh 28.6 16.8 22.3 / 21.5 4.4 0

1995--Fresh 23.7 14.3 20.4 / 19.1 3.1 0

1996--Canned/Frozen < 1 0 33.5 / 32.2 11.9 3.4

1997--Canned/Frozen < 1 0 45.7 / 44.8 10.7 4.7

Table 5. Selected Residue Comparisons for Apples vs. Apple Juice

CARBARYL

APPLES APPLE JUICE

Year w/ Detections Detected, ppm Detected, ppm w/ Detections Detected, ppm Detected, ppm

% of Samples Maximum Value Mean of Values % of Samples Maximum Value Mean of Values

1993 22.3 0.80 0.14 * * *

1994 21.0 1.20 0.15 * * *

1995 11.0 0.74 0.15 * * *

1996 12.3 0.74 0.14 32.2 0.099 0.027

1997 * * * 24.6 0.17 0.019

DIMETHOATE / OMETHOATE

APPLES APPLE JUICE

Year w/ Detections Detected, ppm Detected, ppm w/ Detections Detected, ppm Detected, ppm

% of Samples Maximum** Value Mean of Values % of Samples Maximum** Value Mean of Values

1993 8.4 / 6.2 0.7 0.072 / 0.029 * * *

1994 11.8 / 10.7 0.6 0.045 / 0.028 * * *

1995 3.8 / 4.1 0.5 0.067 / 0.019 * * *

1996 2.8 / 2.2 0.3 0.031 / 0.018 9.0 / 2.5 0.13 0.014 / 0.015

1997 * * * 26.9 / 8.2 0.07 0.009 / 0.011

* Not Included in Survey

** Sum of Dimethoate and Omethoate
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

19

dimethoate occurred in 20 percent of 1996-1997 apple Appendix I focuses on the 36 pesticide/commodity pairs

juice samples compared to about 10 percent detected in with detectable residues in at least 10 percent of the

apple samples tested in 1993-1994 and 3 percent samples tested. A range of values for the sample mean

detected in 1995-1996. The mean residue level for (average) residue concentration for each pair is provided.

samples with dimethoate in apple juice was about one- The lower value for the range was determined by treating

fourth of the level found in apples. There was no a sample without detectable residues as if it had a residue

significant difference for omethoate values in apples concentration equal to zero. The upper value for the range

versus apple juice, probably due to the low level was determined by treating such a sample as if it had a

persistence of the metabolite in treated produce. The residue concentration equal to the limit of detection.

occurrence of more frequent detections of carbaryl and Appendix I also provides calculations for the 50th, 75th,

dimethoate in apple juice may be due to the variety of and 90th percentiles for each of the pairs. The ratio of the

apples chosen for processing into apple juice and 90th percentile to the U.S. EPA tolerance, as a

possible sample origin. Lower residue levels in apple normalization factor, is also shown. This demonstrates

juice are probably due to dissipation during processing. that, in most cases, the levels of detected residues are a

 small fraction of the tolerances for the listed

Permethrins were detected in 84 percent of the canned pesticide/commodity pairs. Also, the residue detection

spinach samples compared to 58 percent in the fresh percentiles for the three processed commodities--apple and

spinach samples tested from 1995-1997. Dicloran was orange juice and green beans--in Appendix I were

not detected in canned peaches, but was present in 56 weighted to reflect availability of processed product type

percent of U.S. peaches from 1994-1996 and about 40 (utilization) in 1997: canned, liquid, and/or frozen versus

percent of all peaches tested from 1993-1996. In monthly sample collection for each product type. 

general, canned peaches and orange juice show fewer

pesticide residue detections compared to fresh product. Appendix J displays the estimated distributions of eight

representative pesticide/commodity pairs in graphical form

In contrasting frequently detected residues in fresh showing the range of values, the median at the 50th

product versus processed products, a significant percentile, and range in percentile representing the lower

decrease in detections is readily noted. Most of these and upper bound for the sample mean. In some cases there

pesticides are from postharvest uses. In comparing is convergence of the upper and lower bound into a single

combined pesticide residue data in apples from 1993- line, because using zero or the limit of detection for non96 versus apple juice in 1996-97, the following detected values becomes insignificant. These pesticide/

decreases in detections are noted: diphenylamine-70 commodity pairs are: thiabendazole/apple juice, azinphos

percent to 9 percent and thiabendazole-60 percent to 32 methyl/pears, chlorpyrifos/soybeans, permethrins/spinach

percent. In comparing pesticide residue data in oranges (fresh and canned), methamidophos/tomatoes, malathion/

from 1993-1996 to 1997 orange juice data, the wheat, and endosulfan sulfate/winter squash. These

following changes are noted in detections: imazalil-55 graphs visually demonstrate that the overwhelming

percent to 3 percent and thiabendazole-57 percent to 6 majority of pesticide testing results and the respective

percent.

 National Estimates

One objective of PDP is to provide and collate data

collected by the ten participating States, which

represent approximately 50 percent of the Nation’s

population (Figure 2), to project national estimates of

pesticide residues for Program commodities. Some of

these calculated national estimates are shown in

Appendix I.

means (average values) are at low concentrations. 

 

 Environmental Contaminants

DDT, DDD, and DDE

A total of 6,275 fruit and vegetable samples were screened

for DDE, a metabolite of DDT. Use of DDT has been

prohibited in the United States since 1972. However, due

to the persistence of this chemical in the environment,

residues of the DDE metabolite were detected in

approximately 5 percent of all samples tested. In some

samples, the parent DDT and the DDD metabolite were

also reported. Residues of DDE were found primarily in
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

20

41.4 percent of fresh spinach and 25.0 percent of

canned spinach, as well as, 8.1 percent of fresh winter

squash and 4.8 percent of the frozen winter squash

samples. DDE in milk was detected in 14.2 percent of

the 727 milk samples tested. No samples had residues

above the allowable levels established by FDA. DDE

was not in the testing profile for wheat.

OTHER EXTRANEOUS PESTICIDES

All aldrin, heptachlor, and chlordane uses (except

termiticide uses) were canceled in the United States in

1974, 1978 and 1986, respectively. However, residues

of dieldrin, a metabolite of aldrin, and the heptachlor

epoxide metabolite were detected in winter squash

samples. Dieldrin was found in 25 percent of fresh and

74 percent of frozen winter squash. Heptachlor

epoxide was detected in 29 percent of frozen winter

squash samples. Chlordanes and the oxychlordane

metabolite were detected in some spinach and winter

squash samples (see Appendix E, pages 5 and 6).

Single/Selective Residue Analyses

 

2,4-D and 2,4-DB detected. PDP’s 1997 data show that the total pesticide

No residues were detected in a total of 727 milk level in a sample is independent of the number of residues

samples tested for 2,4-D and 272 samples for 2,4-DB. detected. Furthermore, there is no relationship between the

ABAMECTIN and THIABENDAZOLE 

There were no abamectin detections in 424 milk

samples tested. In 543 milk samples tested for

thiabendazole, two had positive detections. The 5-

hydroxythiabendazole metabolite was not detected. 

BENOMYL

A total of 3,712 samples of apple juice, green beans

(canned/frozen), orange juice, peaches (canned), sweet

potatoes, and tomatoes were tested for benomyl, as the

carbendazim metabolite. Carbendazim residues were

detected in 20 (0.6%) of the fruit and vegetable

samples tested. These residues were found primarily in

apple juice and tomatoes. All detections were at levels

below the established tolerances. There were no

benomyl residue detections in the 424 milk samples

tested.

FORMETANATE

Four (2.3%) of the 171 pear samples collected from

October-December 1997 contained formetanate. All

were well below EPA established tolerances. 

 Multiple Residues Detections

The PDP database provides information that can be used

by EPA in evaluating the incidence of multiple residues.

Multiple residues may derive from various sources, such as

applications of more than one pesticide on a crop during a

growing season, spray drift, or persistent environmental

residues. The multiple residue information is particularly

useful in responding to the 1993 National Academy of

Sciences report, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and

Children, which recommended that coordinated recording

of multiple residue scans would make possible more

accurate evaluation of exposure distributions for multiple

chemicals.

This became a key concept in the Food Quality Protection

Act of 1996. The distribution of multiple residues in

PDP’s database is included as Appendix K. These data

indicate that more than one pesticide residue was detected

in about 30 percent of the fruit and vegetables (38% fresh

and 22% processed), 51 percent of the wheat, 31 percent

of the soybeans, and 0.2 percent of the milk samples

tested. Any exposure assessment of individual or multiple

residues depends on the actual levels of the residues

number of residues and presumptive tolerance violations.

 Presumptive Tolerance Violations

A tolerance is defined under Section 408 of the Federal

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as the maximum quantity

of a pesticide residue allowable on a raw agricultural

commodity. Tolerances are established by EPA for

pesticides used on food crops. A violation occurs when a

residue is found which exceeds the tolerance level or when

a residue is found for which there is no tolerance for that

particular crop. With the exception of meat, poultry, and

egg products, for which USDA is responsible, tolerances

for all other foods are enforced by FDA. When agencies

with regulatory enforcement authority collect samples for

tolerance enforcement purposes, they must adhere to a

quick turnaround time and chain-of-custody protocols

which allow them to detain the sampled lot until results are

available. PDP is not an enforcement program.

Consequently, sample analysis does not have to be

completed quickly (emphasis is placed on searching for

residues at the lowest detectable levels--not on quick turn-
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

21

around time) and sample collection does not interfere multiresidue classes of pesticides, including

with commodity distribution. Therefore, when samples organochlorines, organophosphates, organosulfurs,

are reported to have residues, for which there is no organonitrogens, and N-methyl carbamates. Residue

tolerance established or which exceed the tolerance, analyses using SRMs were performed for selected

they are designated as “presumptive tolerance commodities only: formetanate in pears; 2,4-D, abamectin,

violations” and reported as such to FDA regional and benomyl, and thiabendazole and one of its metabolites in

headquarters offices. This is done in accordance with milk; and benomyl in six fruit and vegetable commodities.

a Memorandum of Understanding between USDA and In addition, 342 potato samples, primarily from the

FDA for the purpose of pinpointing areas where closer Northwest United States and Florida, were collected and

surveillance may be needed. FDA enforcement action analyzed for an acute dietary survey for aldicarb and its

on PDP samples generally is not a viable option due to metabolites. In total, 8,177 samples were collected and

the time lag from sample collection to data reporting. analyzed. Pesticides detected included insecticides,

Presumptive tolerance violations for 1997 data are

indicated in Appendices E, F, G, and H. Appendix L

is a complete compilation of all presumptive violations

by commodity/pesticide pair.

 

 Import vs. Domestic Pesticide

Residue Comparisons

The Pesticide Data Program was designed to provide a

comprehensive statistical picture of selected pesticide

residues in the U.S. food supply representative of all

sources, including imports. Most commodities are

domestically produced with a small foreign component.

Several commodities tested over the past several years

were cyclical; i.e., for part of the year domestic and part

of the year import. Two major cyclical commodities in

PDP were fresh grapes and peaches, where from May

through October available product was domestically

grown and for the other months mainly from Chile. 

Appendix M is a comparison of 1994-1996 data for

United States versus Chile on pesticide residues in

grapes and peaches, and 1996-1997 data for United

States versus Mexico on pesticide residues in tomatoes.

Percentage comparisons are based on those individual

pesticides where the occurrence of the residue exceeds

10 percent. Appendix M shows that the pesticides

used for crop protection are markedly different

depending on the country. Appendix M also includes

presumptive tolerance violations for grapes and

peaches (1994-1996) and tomatoes (1996-1997).

 Synopsis

In 1997, a total of 6,321 fresh and processed fruit and

vegetable samples, 623 wheat samples, 159 soybean

samples, and 732 milk samples were analyzed for

herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators. Also

detected were DDT and its metabolites, mainly in spinach

and winter squash, as well as heptachlor epoxide and

dieldrin, primarily in winter squash. The presence of these

pesticides was most certainly due to environmental

persistence and not the result of prohibited crop

application. 

Approximately 85 percent of the fresh and processed fruit

and vegetable samples were domestic, 13 percent were

imported, 2 percent were mixed national origin (mainly

orange juice), and 0.5 percent were of unknown origin. 

Of all fruit and vegetable samples tested, 383 (6%) of the

samples were reported with a total of 426 presumptive

tolerance violations, of which all but four were for residues

where no tolerance was established. In wheat, there were

23 pirimiphos methyl presumptive tolerance violations

(3.7% of the samples). In milk, there were six (0.8%)

presumptive violations, mainly o-phenylphenol. The most

frequent presumptive violation was for diphenylamine in

pears, detected in 23 percent of the samples tested (a

tolerance application for diphenylamine as a postharvest

fungicide was submitted to EPA in 1998). 

Vinclozolin was detected in 18 percent of canned/frozen

green bean samples tested, ranging from 0.005 to 0.23

ppm. A 3 ppm Section 18 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,

and Rodenticide Act exemption for vinclozolin/green

beans expired on September 30, 1995, and was

reestablished at 2 ppm July 10, 1997. 

At least one pesticide residue was detected in 57 percent

of the fruit and vegetables, (70% fresh and 45%

processed), 80 percent of the wheat, 87 percent of the

soybeans, and 15 percent of the milk samples. Postharvest

application pesticides contributed significantly to the

number of residues detected in apple and orange juice,

pears, and sweet potatoes. Overall, levels of residues

detected were below tolerances.
Pesticide Data Program - Annual Summary, Calendar Year 1997

22

For more information on the Pesticide Data Program,

contact William J. Franks, Jr., Deputy Administrator

for Science and Technology at AMS: (202) 720-5231,

facsimile: (202) 720-6496, electronic-mail:

William_J_Franks@usda.gov; or Robert L. Epstein,

Associate Deputy Administrator: (202) 720-2158,

facsimile: (202) 720-1484, and electronic-mail:

Robert_L_Epstein@usda.gov. 

gggg

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender,

religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET

Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW,

Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 
Appendix A

Commodity History

(A Chronological Listing)

 Appendix A shows a chronological listing of all commodities sampled since the

inception of the program through July 1998.
APPENDIX A. COMMODITY HISTORY

Fresh Commodities

Months

Start Date End Date in Program Commodity

May-91 Dec-96 65** Grapes

May-91 Dec-94 44 Lettuce

May-91 Dec-95 56 Potatoes*

Aug-91 Dec-93 29 Grapefruit

Aug-91 Dec-96 62** Oranges

Sep-91 Dec-96 61** Apples

Sep-91 Sep-95 49 Bananas

Feb-92 Mar-94 26 Celery

Feb-92 Dec-95 47 Green Beans

Feb-92 Sep-96 55 Peaches

Oct-92 Dec-94 27 Broccoli

Oct-92 Sep-96 48 Carrots

Jan-95 Sep-97 32** Spinach

Feb-95 Jan-98 3

@ Wheat

Jan-96 Milk

Jan-96 Jun-98 27** Sweet Potatoes

Jul-96 Tomatoes

Dec-96 2

@ Soybeans

Jan-97 Pears

Jan-97 Winter Squash

Jan-98 Strawberries***

Jul-98 Cantaloupe

* Acute dietary survey 12/96-12/97

** Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996

*** Frozen collected when fresh unavailable

@ Crop Years

Appendix A. Page 1 of 2
Processed Commodities / Special Projects

Months

Start Date End Date in Program Commodity Type

Apr-94 Mar-96 24 Sweet Corn Canned/Frozen

Apr-94 Jun-96 27 Peas Canned/Frozen

Jan-96 Jun-98 27** Green Beans Canned/Frozen

Jul-96 Apple Juice Processed

Dec-96 Dec-97 13 Peaches Canned

Jan-97 Orange Juice Processed

Apr-97 Winter Squash Frozen

Oct-97 Spinach Canned

Jan-98 Strawberries Frozen***

Jan-98 Grape Juice Processed

Jan-98 Corn Syrup Processed

** Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996

*** Frozen collected when fresh unavailable

Appendix A. Page 2 of 2
Appendix B

Sample Origin by Grower, Packer, or Distributor

Appendix B gives the number of fruit and vegetable (F&V) and milk samples per

State or country of origin and the number of samples of unknown origin. Where available,

origin of fresh commodities is determined by grower or packer information. For processed

commodities, origin is determined primarily by packer or distributor.

As shown in Appendix B, F&V and milk samples collected and analyzed during 1997

originated from 37 States and 23 foreign countries.
APPENDIX B. SAMPLE ORIGIN BY GROWER, PACKER, OR DISTRIBUTOR

(Number of Samples per State/Country)

Part 1. Domestic Samples

Fresh F&V Processed F&V No. of % of 

PE SP SW TO WS AJ GB OJ PC SC WZ MK Domestic Total

States = 37 

Alabama 2 2 4 0.1

Arizona 5 11 31 1 2 1 2 53 0.8

Arkansas 1 4 27 32 0.5

California 125 347 214 145 92 77 209 62 471 83 28 173 2026 28.7

Colorado 1 5 12 4 2 2 16 42 0.6

Connecticut 53 11 2 66 0.9

Delaware 1 1 <0.1

Florida 10 203 11 23 20 126 12 5 61 471 6.7

Georgia 4 3 1 8 3 7 1 2 29 0.4

Hawaii 1 1 <0.1

Idaho 1 3 9 32 3 13 4 6 71 1.0

Illinois 1 1 26 46 28 57 5 20 184 2.6

Kansas 2 5 2 9 0.1

Kentucky 3 1 4 0.1

Louisiana 171 1 172 2.4

Maine 4 1 4 3 12 0.2

Maryland 1 4 4 7 1 2 10 8 2 2 19 60 0.9

Massachusetts 12 1 12 6 31 0.4

Michigan 2 33 5 8 30 27 29 25 30 6 17 72 284 4.0

Minnesota 1 4 66 3 7 2 8 91 1.3

Mississippi 4 4 0.1

Nebraska 1 1 <0.1

New Jersey 3 2 5 12 5 3 4 3 3 1 41 0.6

New Mexico 1 1 <0.1

New York 3 4 6 9 72 35 62 8 4 17 118 338 4.8

North Carolina 207 10 2 1 1 2 6 229 3.2

Ohio 2 9 8 15 13 11 12 6 1 61 138 2.0

Oklahoma 1 2 12 6 16 3 2 42 0.6

Oregon 162 1 8 24 9 9 3 13 229 3.2

Pennsylvania 24 7 1 37 18 6 15 2 1 1 112 1.6

South Carolina 2 5 1 8 0.1

Tennessee 2 17 14 4 7 44 0.6

Texas 20 53 14 3 38 59 96 54 5 18 70 430 6.1

Utah 1 1 2 <0.1

Virginia 3 10 3 19 6 2 5 48 0.7

Washington 285 4 3 6 73 13 4 2 2 4 44 440 6.2

Wisconsin 5 3 1 4 50 4 1 6 36 95 205 2.9

Unknown State 7 7 24 14 39 7 9 5 7 9 128 1.8

No. of Domestics 588 497 692 498 258 520 691 493 747 168 199 732 6083

% of Total (nearest %) 83 97 99 69 59 75 98 71 99 100 99 100 86.3

Appendix B. Page 1 of 3
Part 2. Imported Samples

Fresh F&V Processed F&V No. of % of 

PE SP SW TO WS AJ GB OJ PC SC WZ MK Imports Total

Countries = 23

Argentina 34 60 94 1.3

Australia 2 1 1 4 0.1

Austria 6 6 0.1

Brazil 8 66 74 1.0

Canada 21 3 9 2 35 0.5

Chile 66 9 75 1.1

China 1 1 <0.1

Costa Rica 1 1 <0.1

France 1 1 <0.1

Germany 18 18 0.3

Greece 5 5 0.1

Honduras 10 1 11 0.2

Hungary 25 25 0.4

Israel 1 1 <0.1

Italy 3 3 <0.1

Mexico 12 1 193 161 12 1 7 20 407 5.8

Monaco 1 1 <0.1

Netherlands 6 6 0.1

New Zealand 4 3 7 0.1

Poland 1 1 <0.1

South Africa 13 4 1 18 0.3

Spain 1 4 5 0.1

Turkey 2 2 <0.1

Unknown Country 2 1 3 <0.1

No. of Import 119 12 1 222 172 159 11 77 11 0 20 0 804

% of Total (nearest %) 17 2 0 31 39 23 2 11 1 0 1 0 11.4

Part 3. Mixed National Origin Samples

Fresh F&V Processed F&V No. of % of 

PE SP SW TO WS AJ GB OJ PC SC WZ MK Mixed Total

Argentina/Germany/USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Hungary 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Italy 1 1 <0.1

Argentina/Austria/Chile/ 1 1 <0.1

 Germany/USA

Austria/USA 1 1 <0.1

Brazil/Costa Rica/USA 1 1 <0.1

Brazil/Mexico 2 2 <0.1

Brazil/Mexico/USA 26 26 0.4

Brazil/USA 92 92 1.3

Germany/Italy/USA 1 1 <0.1

Germany/USA 2 2 <0.1

Honduras/Mexico/USA 1 1 2 <0.1

Mexico/USA 4 4 0.1

No. of Mixed National Origin Samples 9 126 135

% of Total (nearest %) 1 18 1.9

Appendix B. Page 2 of 3
Part 4. Unknown Origin

Fresh F&V Processed F&V No. of % of 

PE SP SW TO WS AJ GB OJ PC SC WZ MK Unknown Total

Unknown Origin 1 3 3 4 10 1 5 2 2 31

% of Total (nearest %) <0.1 1 <0.1 1 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4

GRAND TOTALS 708 512 696 724 440 689 707 698 758 168 221 732 7053

COMMODITIES

AJ = Apple Juice, R/Co

GB = Green Beans, C/F

MK = Milk

OJ = Orange Juice, R/Co

PC = Peaches, Canned

PE = Pears

SC = Spinach, Canned

SP = Spinach, Fresh

SW = Sweet Potatoes

TO = Tomatoes

WS = Winter Squash, Fresh

WZ = Winter Squash, Frozen

R/Co - Ready-to-Serve / Concentrate

C/F - Canned / Frozen

Appendix B. Page 3 of 3
Appendix C

Distribution of Residues for Aldicarb in Potatoes

Special Survey

A special survey for acute dietary risk assessment use was conducted by the

Pesticide Data Program. Aldicarb and its metabolites were determined in potato sample

composites and single-serving analysis performed on those samples containing the

highest total combined aldicarb residue in that analytical set. The resulting data provide

a comparison between a composite value and the distribution of residues within that

sample on a single-serving basis.

Aldicarb is a systemic insecticide used only as a soil application. Aldicarb readily

metabolizes to its sulfoxide and sulfone under normal environmental conditions -- both the

sulfoxide and sulfone moieties are more toxic than the parent compound. The current

tolerance of combined aldicarb residues on potatoes is 1.0 ppm; however, based upon

historical PDP data of actual findings, it was necessary to require extremely low detection

limits -- less than 0.020 ppm total combined -- in order to obtain useful data for each

component of the aldicarb tolerance expression for composite and single-serving analyses.
Appendix C. Page 1 of 4

Laboratory Operations

Analysis for aldicarb and its metabolites on potatoes was performed by the Washington State

Department of Agriculture laboratory. The Washington State laboratory utilizes a modification of the

California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) multiresidue method for general residue

screening of fruits and vegetables. The laboratory further refined the carbamate portion of this

analytical method in order to achieve detection limits for combined aldicarb and metabolites of less

than 0.020 ppm -- 0.005 ppm aldicarb, 0.004 ppm aldicarb sulfoxide, and 0.005 ppm aldicarb

sulfone. 

Samples collected were grouped into two categories -- large (greater than 115 grams each) and

small (less than 115 grams each). These target weights were specified in order for adequate

reserve to be available for possible single-serving analysis. Potatoes were sampled individually or

by 10 pound bags. Large potato samples consisted of 10 individual potatoes, with the laboratory

selecting the 10 largest potatoes for analysis in the case of receipt of bagged potatoes. Small potato

samples were composed of 20-30 individual potatoes which were randomly grouped by twos or

threes for a minimum total target weight of 115 grams. Small bagged potatoes were sorted

according to size and the largest 20-30 selected for grouping as with small individual potatoes.

For each sample, the 10 subsamples were washed and cut in half lengthwise. One half was

labeled and frozen for possible single-serving analysis. The remaining halves were homogenized

for composite analysis and frozen.

Composite samples were analyzed in sets generally consisting of 12-15 samples, but not

exceeding 20 samples, in accordance with PDP QA SOPs. Each analytical set was accompanied

by all applicable QA blanks and spikes for aldicarb and its metabolites. For each set, if any

component of the aldicarb tolerance expression was detected in any sample, the sample in that set

having the highest combined aldicarb residue was subjected to single-serving analysis. A liquid

chromatography system equipped with a post-column reaction system and fluorescence detector

was utilized to quantitate residues. 

Results and Discussion

A total of 342 potato sample composites were analyzed for residues of aldicarb and its

metabolites. Of the 28 analytical sets, 16 contained one or more samples with combined residues

of aldicarb reported. For these sets, the sample containing the highest combined residue underwent

single-serving analysis.

For composite samples where the combined aldicarb result was the highest for that set and

single-serving analysis was required, no parent aldicarb residue was detected in either the composite

or any single-serving analysis. For composite samples, the sulfoxide was detected in 100 percent

of the samples while the sulfone was detected in 50 percent. For single-serving results, the

sulfoxide was present in 57 percent of the individual analyses and the sulfone in 34 percent. When

comparing the contribution of each metabolite to the total concentration reported in composite

values, the sulfoxide accounts for 79 percent of the total overall combined residue and the sulfone

for 21 percent. For single-serving analytical results, the sulfoxide is responsible for 78 percent of

the total overall combined residue reported and the sulfone for 22 percent. The highest combined

residue detected was identified in a single-serving sample and was 0.373 ppm (0.330 ppm aldicarb

sulfoxide plus 0.043 ppm aldicarb sulfone) -- just slightly over one-third the established tolerance of

1.0 ppm for this pesticide/commodity pair.
Colorado

Ohio

Washington

Texas

Massachusetts

Florida

New York

Nevada

States with more than 20 samples

States with less than 20 samples

North 

1

7

2

1

1

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Dakota 

1

10

3

1

North

Carolina

4

Appendix C. Page 2 of 4

This Appendix illustrates the wide variation in occurrence of residues within the single-serving

samples when compared to the reported composite value. Excluding results with non-detected

residues, aldicarb sulfoxide individual serving-size results varied in the magnitude of 0.1-7.4 times

the reported composite value. Aldicarb sulfone individual single-serving results ranged from 0.2-6.1

times the composite value. 

Mean values of single-serving analyses were generated for comparison to individual reported

values. In calculating mean values, all results with non-detected residues were valued at one-half

the Limit of Detection (LOD). The range of variability may be expressed as the maximum residue

per unit/mean residue per unit. Using this definition, aldicarb sulfoxide variability ranged from 1.5-4.7

and aldicarb sulfone variability from 2.1-4.9. 

Sample Origin by Grower, Packer, or Distributor

(Number of Samples per State)
Distribution of Residues for Composite Samples

Pesticide

Total

Samples

Screened

Samples with

Detections

% of Samples

with Detections

Range of Values

Detected, ppm LODs, ppm

EPA

Tolerance,

ppm

CODEX

MRLs, ppm

Aldicarb 342 0 0.005 1 0.5

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 342 20 5.8 0.007 - 0.150 0.004 0.5

 Aldicarb sulfone 342 9 2.6 0.008 - 0.051 0.005 0.5

Distribution of Residues for Single-Serving Portions

Composite

Value

Detected,

Single-Serving Values Detected, ppm

Pesticide ppm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND X X X X X

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.064 ND ND ND 0.180 ND X X X X X

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.035 ND ND ND 0.062 ND X X X X X

2. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND X X

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.044 0.026 0.039 0.032 ND 0.048 ND 0.007 0.055 X X

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.037 0.041 0.008 0.032 ND 0.023 ND 0.019 0.047 X X

3. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND X X

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND 0.035 ND ND ND ND ND 0.017 X X

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND 0.020 ND ND ND ND ND ND X X

4. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.035 0.057 0.110 0.071 0.047 0.037 0.033 0.021 0.012 0.007 0.013

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.008 0.023 0.048 0.022 0.029 0.022 ND 0.008 ND ND ND

5. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.090 0.170 0.160 0.062 ND 0.016 0.090 0.007 0.180 0.055 0.007

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.051 0.079 0.140 0.110 ND 0.008 0.057 0.008 0.037 0.008 ND

6. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.045 0.007 0.007 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.008 ND ND ND 0.026 ND ND ND ND ND ND

7. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND X

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.029 ND 0.061 0.038 0.007 0.061 ND ND ND 0.039 X

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND 0.008 ND ND 0.008 ND ND ND 0.008 X

8. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.150 0.068 0.330 0.170 0.160 0.062 0.057 0.070 0.200 0.120 0.037

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.008 0.008 0.043 0.023 0.008 0.008 ND 0.008 0.008 0.008 ND

 Appendix C. Page 3 of 4
Composite 

Value 

Detected,

Single-Serving Values Detected, ppm

Pesticide ppm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND ND 0.007 0.014 0.028 ND 0.025 0.015 ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND ND ND ND 0.008 ND ND ND ND ND

10. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.030 0.058 ND 0.056 0.007 0.064 0.015 0.007 0.028 0.180 ND

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.008 0.008 ND 0.008 ND 0.008 0.008 ND 0.008 0.049 ND

11. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.028 0.020 0.094 0.019 0.036 ND ND 0.019 0.016 0.020 ND

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND 0.019 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

12. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND ND ND 0.040 0.020 0.027 ND ND 0.007 ND

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

13. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.045 0.043 0.056 0.033 0.029 0.028 0.048 0.053 0.038 0.007 0.037

 Aldicarb sulfone 0.008 0.017 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 ND 0.008

14. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND ND ND 0.007 ND ND ND ND ND 0.007

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

15. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND ND 0.007 ND 0.047 ND ND ND 0.052 0.007

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

16. Aldicarb ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 0.007 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

 Aldicarb sulfone ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND - Non-detections

X - Not Analyzed

Appendix C. Page 4 of 4
Appendix D

Quality Assurance Program Elements

PDP’s Quality Assurance (QA) program covers all aspects of data gathering, from

sample collection to data reporting. QA protocols for sampling are designed to protect

sample integrity from the time of collection to the time of delivery to the testing facilities.

QA protocols for testing comprise all laboratory operations from the time of sample receipt

to the time data are reported to PDP’s central database. In 1997, 99.6 percent of the data

reported to the database met QA guidelines. Slightly over one-third of 1 percent of

reported results were associated with either fortification and/or process control data which

did not meet QA criteria and were rejected. As described in this appendix, the QA program

has five elements: 1) Standard Operating Procedures; 2) On-site Reviews; 3) Proficiency

Check Samples; 4) Quality Control Procedures; and 5) Method Performance and

Confirmation Procedures.
Appendix D. Page 1 of 2

APPENDIX D. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. Standard Operating Procedures - Written SOPs are in place to provide uniform administrative,

sampling, and laboratory procedures. SOPs are revised annually to accommodate changes in the

program. Before submission, data are reviewed by each Quality Assurance Unit for completeness and

adherence to PDP requirements.

2. On-site Reviews - On-site reviews are performed to determine compliance with SOPs. Improvements

in sampling, chain of custody, recordkeeping, and laboratory procedures are made as a result of on-site

reviews.

3. Proficiency Check Samples - All facilities are required to participate in PDP's Check Sample Program.

Check samples are issued to laboratories performing analysis with multiresidue methods and/or

single/selective residue methods. Periodically, one to three prepared commodities, containing pesticide(s)

of known quantities, are sent to the participating laboratories and tested under the same conditions as

routine samples. The resulting data are used to determine performance equivalency among the testing

laboratories, and to evaluate individual laboratory performance. During 1997, PDP laboratories received

3 proficiency sample sets consisting of 9 fruit and vegetable samples for multiresidue screening, 3 sets

consisting of 9 fruit and vegetable samples for single/selective residue screening, two wheat multiresidue

sets consisting of 6 samples, and two milk multiresidue sets consisting of 5 samples. For fruit and

vegetable multiresidue screening, a total of 72 samples covering 8 commodities were fortified with 36

compounds, with 4 repeated, at levels approximately 1-5 times the overall limit of quantitation (LOQ).

Results yield an overall mean Percent Coefficient of Variation (%C.V.) of 19%. Four incurred residues

were present in these sets at levels less than 0.1 ppm, with reported results having an overall mean C.V.

of 23%. For milk multiresidue screening, a total of 15 samples were fortified with 22 compounds, with 4

repeated, at levels approximately 2-3 times the overall LOQ. Results yield an overall mean C.V. of 20%.

4. Quality Control Procedures - PDP operating procedures for quality control (QC) are intended to assess

method and analyst performance during sample preparation, clean-up, extraction, and, where applicable,

derivatization. To maximize sample output and decrease the QC/sample ratio, samples are analyzed in

analytical sets, not to exceed 20 samples per set, which include the sample set and the following

components.

a. Reagent Blank: For analysis of fruit and vegetable and milk products, an amount of distilled

water, equivalent to the natural moisture content of the commodity, is run through the entire

analytical process to determine glassware cleanliness and system integrity. For grain analysis,

performed by supercritical fluid extraction, an empty extraction cell is run through the analytical

procedure to demonstrate system integrity.

b. Matrix Blank: A previously analyzed sample of the same commodity, which contains either

very low concentrations of known residues or no detectable residues, is divided into two portions.

The first portion is used to give background information on naturally occurring chemicals, and the

second one is used to prepare a matrix spike.

c. Matrix Spike(s): Prior to extraction, a portion(s) of matrix blank is spiked with marker pesticides

to determine the accuracy of the analyst and instrument performance. Marker pesticides are

compounds selected from different pesticide classes (organochlorines, organophosphates,

carbamates), which have physical and chemical characteristics similar to those in the class they

represent. The use of marker pesticides to monitor recoveries is a modification of PDP’s previous

requirements that called for spiking with all pesticides. Because of the large number of pesticides

in the program, spiking with all compounds required several spike mixtures (to avert coelution
Appendix D. Page 2 of 2

problems), which, in turn, resulted in lengthy run times. During 1997, PDP laboratories quantitated

a total of 25,452 matrix spikes, with an overall mean recovery of 92% and overall standard

deviation of 20%.

d. Process Control Spike: A compound of physical and chemical characteristics, similar to those

of the pesticides being tested, is used to evaluate the analytical process on a sample-by-sample

basis. Each of the analytical set components, except the reagent and matrix blanks, is spiked with

process controls. During 1997, PDP laboratories quantitated a total of 36,284 process controls on

7,835 samples, with an overall mean recovery of 95% and overall standard deviation of 18%. Of

these process controls, 667 (1.8%), were rerun due to initial failure to meet PDP recovery criteria.

These rerun values are not included in these statistics for illustrative purposes; however, reported

data are those obtained from sample reanalysis.

5. Method Performance and Verification Procedures - Laboratories are required to determine the limits

of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for each commodity/pesticide pair. LODs depend on

matrix, analyte, and detector used, and range from 0.001 to 0.55 ppm. (Information on specific LODs and

LOQs is available upon request.) Verification by mass spectrometry, atomic emission detection, or a

suitable alternate detection system, is required for all initial determinations. Verified residue amounts above

LOD and below LOQ are reported as BQL (below quantifiable level) and assigned values at 1⁄2 LOQ at the

request of EPA for use in dietary risk assessment. If a detected residue exceeds the established

tolerance, the sample is reanalyzed from the frozen homogenate, along with the appropriate blanks and

a spike of the residue at the suspected level. 
Appendix E

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Fruit and Vegetables 

Appendix E shows residue detections for all fruit and vegetable pesticide/

commodity pairs tested, including range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection

(LODs), and EPA & Codex MRL tolerance references for each pair. Residue detections

are highlighted in italics.

In 1997, 6,321 fruit and vegetable samples were analyzed. A total of 383 samples

(6.1%) were reported with presumptive violations. Four samples (1.0%) contained

residues that exceeded the established EPA tolerance or FDA for the pesticide/commodity

pair and 379 samples (99%) were reported for which no EPA tolerance was established.

Of the 383 presumptive violation samples, domestic commodities accounted for 271

samples (70.8%); imported commodities accounted for 110 samples (28.7%), and unknown

origin commodities accounted for 2 samples (0.5%). (See Appendix L for additional

information concerning presumptive tolerance violations.)

In some cases, a tolerance may or may not apply, depending on whether certain

conditions are met. For example, residues of methamidophos in green beans are covered

by a tolerance only if residues of acephate are also present. Of the 304 green bean

samples found to contain residues of methamidophos, 297 (97.7%) were found in

combination with acephate. Only one sample had methamidophos residues where

acephate was not present and was reported as presumptive violation. 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

1 Acephate (insecticide)

Apple Juice (V-11) 683 11 1.6 0.003 - 0.008 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans 669 306 45.7 0.003 - 0.70 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

Orange Juice 677 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Peaches (V-3) 754 3 0.4 0.007 - 0.023 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-13) 512 13 2.5 0.003 - 0.10 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 680 1 0.1 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes (V-4) 707 4 0.6 0.003 - 0.015 0.002 - 0.009 NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh (V-7) 440 7 1.6 0.003 - 0.083 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 221 1 0.5 0.043 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6219 346

2 Aldicarb (insecticide)

Apple Juice 567 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Green Beans 573 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Orange Juice 692 1 0.1 0.035 ^ 0.008 - 0.021 0.3 0.2

Peaches 756 0 0.008 - 0.021 NT -

Pears 588 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.008 - 0.021 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.008 - 0.021 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 566 0 0.004 - 0.021 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 722 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 349 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 198 0 0.004 - 0.021 NT -

Total 5691 1

Aldicarb sulfoxide

Apple Juice 683 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Green Beans 703 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.036 0.3 0.2

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.036 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.036 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.036 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 683 1 0.1 0.017 ^ 0.007 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 722 0 0.007 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.007 - 0.076 NT -

Total 6288 1

Aldicarb sulfone

Apple Juice 567 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Green Beans 573 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.041 0.3 0.2

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.041 NT -

Pears 588 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.041 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.041 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 566 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.007 - 0.075 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 722 0 0.007 - 0.041 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 349 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 198 0 0.007 - 0.075 NT -

Total 5691 1

APPENDIX E. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Appendix E. Page 1 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

3 Aldrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.002 ^ 0.03 # -

Green Beans 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 # -

Orange Juice 182 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.02 # -

Peaches 190 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.02 # -

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.03 # -

Spinach, Fresh 123 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.05 # -

Spinach, Canned 72 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.05 # -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # -

Tomatoes 198 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # -

Total 1373 0

4 Anilazine (fungicide)

Orange Juice 136 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Peaches 152 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 104 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 35 0 0.018 ^ NT -

Total 427 0

5 Atrazine (herbicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.030 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.010 - 0.024 NT -

Total 6304 0

6 Azinphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 173 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Green Beans 187 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Orange Juice 182 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Peaches 195 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Pears 184 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Spinach, Fresh 129 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Spinach, Canned 39 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 199 0 0.006 ^ 2.0 -

W Squash, Fresh 156 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 2 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 1625 0

7 Azinphos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 43 6.3 .010 - 0.62 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 1

Green Beans 692 2 0.3 0.022 - 0.038 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 692 0 0.006 - 0.030 2.0 1

Peaches 754 1 0.1 0.053 ^ 0.006 - 0.030 2.0 4

Pears 702 479 68.2 0.010 - 0.99 0.006 - 0.024 2.0 1

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.006 - 0.030 2.0 0.5

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.006 - 0.023 2.0 0.5

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

Appendix E. Page 2 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Tomatoes 705 10 1.4 0.013 - 0.71 0.006 - 0.030 2.0 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.024 NT 0.5

Total 6264 535

8 Benomyl - analyzed as carbendazim (fungicide)

Apple Juice 679 7 1.0 0.083 - 0.27 0.050 ^ 7.0 -

Green Beans 177 0 0.050 ^ 2.0 2

Orange Juice 689 0 0.050 ^ 10.0 -

Peaches 752 1 0.1 0.083 ^ 0.050 ^ 15.0 -

Sweet Potatoes 693 1 0.1 0.18 ^ 0.050 ^ 0.2 1

Tomatoes 722 11 1.5 0.083 - 0.24 0.050 ^ 5.0 -

Total 3712 20

9 BHCs (insecticide)

BHC alpha

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Total 1047 0

BHC beta 

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Total 1047 0

BHC delta 

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 # -

Total 1047 0

Appendix E. Page 3 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

10 Bifenthrin (insecticide)

Pears (V-1) 1 1 100 0.032 ^ 0.010 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh (V-2) 2 2 100 0.017 - 0.021 0.010 ^ 0.1 R -

Total 3 3

11 Captan (fungicide)

Apple Juice 676 1 0.1 0.046 ^ 0.006 - 0.017 25 25

Green Beans 677 0 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

Orange Juice 690 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT 15

Peaches 756 0 0.006 - 0.017 50 15

Pears 683 64 9.4 0.010 - 2.2 0.006 - 0.017 25 25

Spinach, Fresh 432 0 0.006 - 0.015 100 -

Spinach, Canned 147 0 0.006 - 0.075 100 -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.006 - 0.017 NT -

Tomatoes 722 2 0.3 0.020 - 0.026 0.006 - 0.017 25 15

W Squash, Fresh 428 1 0.2 1.6 ^ 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.017 25 -

Total 6127 68

Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI)

Apple Juice 30 30 100 0.017 - 0.15 0.010 - 0.050 25 25

Total 30 30

12 Carbaryl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 168 24.6 0.007 - 0.17 0.004 - 0.10 10.0 5

Green Beans 698 75 10.7 0.007 - 0.60 0.004 - 0.025 10 5

Orange Juice 692 24 3.5 0.010 - 0.031 0.006 - 0.021 10 7

Peaches 739 80 10.8 0.010 - 0.48 0.006 - 0.021 10 10

Pears 708 42 5.9 0.007 - 0.81 0.004 - 0.025 10.0 5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.006 - 0.021 12 10

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.006 - 0.021 12 10

Sweet Potatoes (X-1) 695 2 0.3 0.010 - 0.29 0.004 - 0.025 0.2 -

Tomatoes 722 2 0.3 0.020 - 0.15 0.004 - 0.020 10 5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.004 - 0.025 10 3

W Squash, Frozen 221 1 0.5 0.042 ^ 0.004 - 0.025 10 3

Total 6278 394

 1-Napthol

Apple Juice 137 0 0.034 ^ 10.0 5

Green Beans 142 19 13.4 0.036 - 0.87 0.020 - 0.034 10 5

Pears 142 0 0.034 ^ 10 5

Sweet Potatoes 140 0 0.034 ^ 0.2 -

Tomatoes 141 4 2.8 0.057 ^ 0.034 ^ 10 5

W Squash, Fresh 73 0 0.034 ^ 10 3

W Squash, Frozen 65 1 1.5 0.057 ^ 0.034 ^ 10 3

Total 840 24

13 Carbofuran (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Green Beans (V-2) 703 2 0.3 0.034 - 0.051 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.031 2.5 -

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.006 - 0.025 NT 0.1

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.031 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.006 - 0.025 NT -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.006 - 0.020 NT 0.1

Appendix E. Page 4 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.006 - 0.025 0.6 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.025 0.6 -

Total 6300 2

3-Hydroxycarbofuran

Apple Juice 683 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.020 2.5 -

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT 0.1

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 693 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.009 - 0.020 NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.009 - 0.076 0.6 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.009 - 0.076 0.6 -

Total 6302 0

14 Carbophenothion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

15 Chlordanes (insecticide)

Chlordane cis

Apple Juice 105 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Green Beans 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Orange Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Peaches 115 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Fresh 81 1 1.2 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Tomatoes 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

W Squash, Frozen 53 4 7.5 0.002 - 0.016 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Total 1047 6

Chlordane trans

Apple Juice 105 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Green Beans 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Orange Juice 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Peaches 115 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Fresh 81 1 1.2 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Tomatoes 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Appendix E. Page 5 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

W Squash, Frozen 53 3 5.7 0.004 - 0.006 0.001 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Total 1047 5

Oxychlordane

Apple Juice 105 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Green Beans 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Orange Juice 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Peaches 115 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Pears 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Tomatoes 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

W Squash, Fresh 55 1 1.8 0.005 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

W Squash, Frozen 53 2 3.8 0.003 - 0.005 0.002 ^ 0.1 # 0.02 #

Total 1047 3

16 Chlorfenvinphos alpha/beta (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 1

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.05

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

17 Chlorothalonil (fungicide)

Apple Juice 660 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT -

Green Beans 684 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

Orange Juice 689 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT 5

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.048 0.5 25

Pears 669 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-1) 455 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.004 - 0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 661 0 0.005 - 0.048 NT -

Tomatoes 708 54 7.6 0.008 - 1.7 0.003 - 0.031 5 5

W Squash, Fresh 405 27 6.7 0.008 - 0.23 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

Total 6076 82

18 Chlorpropham (herbicide, growth regulator)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.008 - 0.020 0.3 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.008 - 0.152 0.3 -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.152 0.3 -

Sweet Potatoes 681 0 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.008 - 0.152 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 440 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.008 - 0.020 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Total 6290 1

Appendix E. Page 6 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

19 Chlorpyrifos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 1 0.1 0.015 ^ 0.003 - 0.011 1.5 1

Green Beans 707 0 0.003 - 0.011 0.05 0.2

Orange Juice 692 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.009 1.0 0.3

Peaches 754 0 0.003 - 0.009 0.05 -

Pears 708 13 1.8 0.005 - 0.054 0.003 - 0.011 0.05 0.5

Spinach, Fresh (V-11) 512 11 2.1 0.005 - 0.026 0.003 - 0.009 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.009 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 76 10.9 0.005 - 0.037 0.003 - 0.011 0.05 -

Tomatoes 707 92 13 0.005 - 0.31 0.003 - 0.011 0.5 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.003 - 0.011 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-4) 221 4 1.8 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.011 NT -

Total 6287 198

20 Chlorpyrifos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

21 Coumaphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 52 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Green Beans 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Peaches 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Pears 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.005 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.005 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.005 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

Coumaphos oxygen analog

Apple Juice 52 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Green Beans 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Peaches 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Pears 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.008 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.008 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.008 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

22 Cyfluthrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.050 ^ NT 0.5

Green Beans 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 7 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Orange Juice 108 0 0.050 ^ 0.2 -

Peaches 115 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.050 ^ 0.20 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.050 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.050 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

23 Cypermethrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.025 ^ NT 2

Green Beans 108 0 0.025 ^ NT 0.5

Orange Juice 419 0 0.020 - 0.045 NT 2

Peaches 459 0 0.020 - 0.045 NT 2

Pears 108 0 0.025 ^ NT 2

Spinach, Fresh 315 0 0.020 - 0.045 NT 2

Spinach, Canned 107 0 0.025 - 0.045 NT 2

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.025 ^ NT 0.05

Tomatoes (V-2) 287 2 0.7 0.033 - 0.067 0.020 - 0.045 NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.025 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.025 ^ NT -

Total 2195 2

24 DCPA (herbicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.003 - 0.008 2 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-15) 512 15 2.9 0.005 - 0.045 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.008 2 -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.008 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.003 - 0.008 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 5 2.3 0.012 - 0.089 0.003 - 0.007 1 -

Total 6289 20

25 DDT (insecticide)

Apple Juice 278 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Green Beans 284 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 # -

Orange Juice 601 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1 # -

Peaches 654 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.2 # -

Pears 292 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Spinach, Fresh 386 37 9.6 0.005 - 0.073 0.001 - 0.010 0.5 # -

Spinach, Canned 146 0 0.003 - 0.015 0.5 # -

Sweet Potatoes 358 0 0.003 - 0.008 1 # -

Tomatoes 486 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 211 4 1.9 0.010 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

W Squash, Frozen 55 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Total 3751 41

DDD (TDE)

Apple Juice 278 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Green Beans 295 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 # -

Orange Juice 601 0 0.003 - 0.023 0.1 # -

Peaches 654 0 0.003 - 0.023 0.2 # -

Appendix E. Page 8 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Pears 292 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Spinach, Fresh 444 1 0.2 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.023 0.5 # -

Spinach, Canned 146 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.5 # -

Sweet Potatoes 358 0 0.003 - 0.008 1 # -

Tomatoes 486 1 0.2 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 211 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

W Squash, Frozen 55 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Total 3820 2

DDE 

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Green Beans 707 2 0.3 0.005 - 0.010 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 # -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1 # -

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.2 # -

Pears 708 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

Spinach, Fresh 512 212 41.4 0.005 - 0.11 0.003 - 0.009 0.5 # -

Spinach, Canned 168 42 25.0 0.005 - 0.030 0.003 - 0.010 0.5 # -

Sweet Potatoes 681 10 1.5 0.005 - 0.053 0.003 - 0.008 1 # -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 440 21 4.8 0.005 - 0.065 0.003 - 0.008 0.1 # -

W Squash, Frozen 221 18 8.1 0.005 - 0.074 0.003 - 0.007 0.1 # -

Total 6275 305

26 DEF (defoliant)

Apple Juice 52 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Green Beans 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Peaches 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Pears 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

27 Demeton (insectide)

Orange Juice 136 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Peaches 152 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 104 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Spinach,Canned 35 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Total 427 0

28 Demeton-S (insecticide)

Orange Juice 136 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Peaches 152 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 104 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Spinach,Canned 35 0 0.019 ^ NT -

Total 427 0

29 Demeton-S sulfone (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans (V-10) 108 10 9.3 0.005 - 0.015 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 9 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 10

30 Diazinon (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.5 0.5

Green Beans 707 7 0.9 0.003 - 0.018 0.002 - 0.011 0.5 0.5

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.7 0.5

Peaches 754 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.7 0.7

Pears 708 24 3.4 0.003 - 0.094 0.002 - 0.011 0.5 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 512 8 1.6 0.003 - 0.29 0.002 - 0.13 0.7 0.7

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.7 0.7

Sweet Potatoes 695 3 0.4 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.011 0.1 0.5

Tomatoes 707 2 0.3 0.003 - 0.015 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 440 1 0.2 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.75 0.5

Total 6287 45

Diazinon oxygen analog

Spinach, Fresh 1 1 100 0.17 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.7 0.7

Total 1 1

31 Dichlorvos DDVP (insecticide)

Apple Juice 682 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.015 3 -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.5 -

Pears 708 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.015 3 -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.015 3 -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.5 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.5 -

Total 6303 1

32 Dicloran (fungicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Green Beans 707 2 0.3 0.013 ^ 0.006 - 0.010 20 2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.001 - 0.009 20 15

Pears 708 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-8) 512 8 1.6 0.002 - 0.022 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 679 388 57.1 0.010 - 1.7 0.006 - 0.010 10 -

Tomatoes 707 7 0.9 0.013 - 0.41 0.006 - 0.009 5 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.010 NT -

Total 6273 405

33 Dicofol (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.029 5 5

Green Beans 707 4 0.6 0.005 - 0.15 0.003 - 0.029 5 5

Orange Juice 692 2 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.003 - 0.030 10 5

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.030 10 5

Pears 708 20 2.8 0.010 - 1.9 0.003 - 0.029 5 5

Appendix E. Page 10 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT 5

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT 5

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.029 NT 5

Tomatoes 722 12 1.7 0.010 - 0.17 0.003 - 0.030 5 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 1 0.2 0.081 ^ 0.003 - 0.029 5 5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.029 5 5

Total 6304 39

34 Dieldrin (insecticide)

Apple Juice 144 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.03 # -

Green Beans 148 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.05 # -

Orange Juice 283 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.02 # -

Peaches 307 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.02 # -

Pears 147 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.03 # -

Spinach, Fresh 201 3 1.5 0.003 - 0.016 0.002 - 0.005 0.05 # -

Spinach, Canned 84 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.05 # -

Sweet Potatoes 203 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.1 # -

Tomatoes 150 1 0.7 0.005 ^ 0.002 - 0.005 0.05 # -

W Squash, Fresh 81 20 24.7 0.003 - 0.093 0.001 - 0.018 0.1 # -

W Squash, Frozen 91 67 73.6 0.003 - 0.10 0.002 - 0.018 0.1 # -

Total 1839 91

35 Dimethoate (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 184 26.9 0.003 - 0.054 0.002 - 0.009 2 1

Green Beans 706 13 1.8 0.003 - 0.29 0.002 - 0.009 2 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.011 2 2

Peaches (V-1) 752 1 0.1 0.051 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 NT -

Pears 708 5 0.7 0.003 - 0.060 0.002 - 0.009 2 1

Spinach, Fresh (X-1) a

501 32 6.4 0.003 - 1.9 0.002 - 0.011 2 1

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.009 2 1

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Tomatoes 705 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Total 6271 236

Omethoate

Apple Juice 683 56 8.2 0.007 - 0.015 0.004 - 0.018 2 1

Green Beans 707 5 0.7 0.007 - 0.03 0.004 - 0.018 2 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.004 - 0.016 2 2

Peaches 756 0 0.004 - 0.016 NT -

Pears 708 4 0.6 0.008 - 0.026 0.004 - 0.018 2 1

Spinach, Fresh (X-1) a

512 65 12.7 0.007 - 0.76 0.004 - 0.016 2 1

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.004 - 0.016 2 1

Sweet Potatoes 681 0 0.004 - 0.018 NT -

Tomatoes 707 20 2.8 0.007 - 0.035 0.004 - 0.015 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.004 - 0.018 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.004 - 0.018 NT -

Total 6275 150

36 Diphenylamine (fungicide)

Apple Juice 668 57 8.5 0.013 - 0.15 0.008 - 0.030 10 5

Green Beans (V-6) 693 6 0.9 0.013 - 0.25 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Orange Juice (V-2) 678 2 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Peaches (V-1) 735 1 0.1 0.14 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Pears (V-158) 693 158 22.8 0.013 - 1.8 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-1) 498 1 0.2 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Spinach, Canned (V-2) 168 2 1.2 0.017 - 0.20 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

Appendix E. Page 11 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 695 1 0.1 0.017 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Tomatoes (V-4) 707 4 0.6 0.013 - 0.025 0.008 - 0.152 NT -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 426 1 0.2 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 221 1 0.5 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Total 6182 234

4-Hydroxydiphenylamine 

Apple Juice 53 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Green Beans 54 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Peaches 61 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Pears 54 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 54 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 101 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.015 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 28 0 0.015 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 26 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Total 539 0

37 Disulfoton (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Orange Juice 679 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Pears 707 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.75 0.5

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.75 0.5

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT 0.5

Total 6275 0

Disulfoton sulfone

Apple Juice 318 0 0.004 - 0.009 NT -

Green Beans 319 0 0.004 - 0.009 0.75 0.5

Orange Juice 370 0 0.004 - 0.007 NT -

Peaches 399 0 0.004 - 0.007 NT -

Pears 325 0 0.004 - 0.009 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 263 0 0.004 - 0.007 0.75 0.5

Spinach, Canned 101 0 0.004 - 0.007 0.75 0.5

Sweet Potatoes 383 0 0.004 - 0.009 NT 0.5

Tomatoes 282 0 0.004 - 0.007 0.75 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 210 0 0.004 - 0.009 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 87 0 0.005 - 0.009 NT 0.5

Total 3057 0

38 Diuron (herbicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ 1 -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 1 -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 1 -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

Appendix E. Page 12 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

39 Doramectin (anthelmintic)

Green Beans (V-2) 2 2 100 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 2 2

40 Endosulfans (insecticide)

Endosulfan I

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 1

Green Beans 707 3 0.4 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.005 NT 2

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Pears 708 8 1.1 0.003 - 0.029 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 1

Spinach, Fresh 512 7 1.4 0.003 - 0.11 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.005 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 695 5 0.7 0.003 - 0.012 0.002 - 0.007 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 709 121 17.1 0.003 - 0.33 0.002 - 0.006 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 32 7.3 0.003 - 0.048 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 221 13 5.9 0.012 - 0.085 0.002 - 0.007 2.0 2

Total 6291 189

Endosulfan II

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 1

Green Beans 707 3 0.4 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT 2

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Pears 708 17 2.4 0.005 - 0.081 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 1

Spinach, Fresh 512 12 2.3 0.003 - 0.15 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.008 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 695 4 0.6 0.005 - 0.010 0.003 - 0.007 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 722 158 21.9 0.005 - 0.10 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 23 5.2 0.005 - 0.015 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 221 5 2.3 0.012 - 0.024 0.003 - 0.007 2.0 2

Total 6304 222

Endosulfan sulfate

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 1

Green Beans 707 4 0.6 0.005 - 0.011 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 0.5

Orange Juice 692 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT 2

Peaches 756 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Pears 693 15 2.2 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 1

Spinach, Fresh 512 45 8.8 0.005 - 0.94 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.008 2.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 695 10 1.4 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.010 0.2 0.2

Tomatoes 722 140 19.4 0.005 - 0.098 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 111 25.2 0.005 - 0.086 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

W Squash, Frozen 221 15 6.8 0.005 - 0.036 0.003 - 0.010 2.0 2

Total 6289 341

41 Ethalfluralin (herbicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.05 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 13 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.05 ^ 0.05 -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.05 ^ 0.05 -

Total 1047 0

42 Ethion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 2

Green Beans 707 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 2

Orange Juice 692 69 9.9 0.002 - 0.006 0.001 - 0.009 2.0 2

Peaches 754 0 0.001 - 0.009 1.0 1

Pears 708 0 0.001 - 0.006 2.0 2

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.001 - 0.009 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 683 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes 707 1 0.1 0.049 ^ 0.001 - 0.009 2.0 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT 0.5

W Squash, Frozen (V-3) 221 3 1.4 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT 0.5

Total 6275 73

43 Ethoprop (insecticide)

Orange Juice 136 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Peaches 152 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 104 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 35 0 0.015 ^ NT -

Total 427 0

44 Fenamiphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.009 0.25 -

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.013 0.60 0.5

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.013 0.25 -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.013 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT 0.1

Tomatoes (V-1) 722 1 0.1 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.009 NT -

Total 6304 1

Fenamiphos sulfoxide

Apple Juice 394 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.25 -

Green Beans 386 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Orange Juice 325 0 0.005 - 0.022 0.60 0.5

Peaches 369 0 0.005 - 0.022 0.25 -

Pears 404 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 253 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT -

Spinach, Canned 84 0 0.005 - 0.022 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 387 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT 0.1

Tomatoes (V-2) 345 2 0.6 0.013 - 0.028 0.005 - 0.022 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 193 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 196 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Total 3336 2

Fenamiphos sulfone

Apple Juice 513 0 0.005 - 0.036 0.25 -

Green Beans 520 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Orange Juice 626 0 0.005 - 0.080 0.60 0.5

Peaches 693 0 0.005 - 0.080 0.25 -

Appendix E. Page 14 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Pears 537 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 461 0 0.005 - 0.080 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.005 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 512 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT 0.1

Tomatoes (V-3) 662 3 0.5 0.013 ^ 0.005 - 0.080 NT 0.2

W Squash, Fresh 301 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 196 0 0.005 - 0.036 NT -

Total 5189 3

45 Fenitrothion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 52 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Green Beans 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 2

Peaches 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 1

Pears 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

Fenitrothion oxygen analog

Apple Juice 52 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.5

Green Beans 54 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.002 ^ NT 2

Peaches 54 0 0.002 ^ NT 1

Pears 54 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.002 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.002 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

46 Fenpropathrin (insecticide)

Tomatoes 1 1 100 0.37 ^ 0.026 ^ 0.6 -

Total 1 1

47 Fenthion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT 2

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.2

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT 2

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 2

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.1

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.2

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT 0.2

Total 1047 0

48 Fenvalerate (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 2 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.03 - 0.033 2.0 2

Green Beans 707 9 1.3 0.050 - 0.070 0.03 - 0.033 2.0 1

Appendix E. Page 15 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Orange Juice 692 0 0.007 - 0.11 NT 2

Peaches 756 2 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.007 - 0.11 10.0 5

Pears 708 2 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.03 - 0.033 2.0 2

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.007 - 0.11 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.007 - 0.092 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 680 1 0.1 0.050 ^ 0.030 - 0.33 NT 0.05

Tomatoes 707 6 0.8 0.027 - 0.11 0.016 - 0.33 1.0 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 2 0.5 0.050 ^ 0.030 - 0.33 1.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.050 - 0.070 0.030 - 0.33 1.0 0.5

Total 6274 24

Esfenvalerate

Apple Juice 546 2 0.4 0.033 - 0.042 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 2

Green Beans 566 8 1.4 0.033 - 0.042 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 1

Orange Juice 381 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT 2

Peaches 412 1 0.2 0.042 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 10.0 5

Pears 566 1 0.2 0.033 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 2.0 2

Spinach, Fresh 278 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Spinach, Canned 88 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 541 0 0.020 - 0.098 NT 0.25

Tomatoes 402 4 0.9 0.033 - 0.042 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 1

W Squash, Fresh 367 1 0.3 0.19 ^ 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 156 0 0.020 - 0.098 1.0 0.5

Total 4303 17

49 Fonofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 69 0 0.005 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans 58 0 0.006 ^ 0.01 -

Pears 70 0 0.005 - 0.006 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 70 0 0.006 ^ 0.1 -

Tomatoes 59 0 0.006 ^ 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh 35 0 0.005 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 24 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 385 0

50 Formetanate (insecticide)

Pears 171 4 2.3 0.083 - 0.17 0.050 ^ 3 -

Total 171 4

51 Heptachlor (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 # -

Green Beans 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 # -

Orange Juice 182 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 # 0.01 #

Peaches 190 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 # -

Pears 108 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 # -

Spinach, Fresh 123 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 # -

Spinach, Canned 72 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 # -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 # -

Tomatoes 198 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 # -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.001 ^ 0.01 # -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.001^ 0.01 # -

Total 1373 0

Heptachlor epoxide

Apple Juice 144 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Green Beans 156 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Orange Juice 221 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # 0.01 #

Peaches 238 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Appendix E. Page 16 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Pears 147 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Spinach, Fresh 139 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Spinach, Canned 94 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Sweet Potatoes 203 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Tomatoes 239 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

W Squash, Fresh (X-1) 74 4 5.4 0.002 - 0.015 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

W Squash, Frozen (X-1) 79 23 29.1 0.002 - 0.025 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 # -

Total 1734 27

52 Imazalil (fungicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT 5

Green Beans 707 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Orange Juice 677 22 3.2 0.017 - 0.10 0.010 - 0.152 10.0 5

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.152 NT -

Pears (V-1) 660 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.070 NT 5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.152 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.152 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Tomatoes 705 0 0.010 - 0.152 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 425 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.010 - 0.070 NT -

Total 6209 23

53 Iprodione (fungicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT 10

Green Beans 707 4 0.6 0.013 - 0.053 0.008 - 0.031 2.0 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.015 - 0.045 NT -

Peaches 756 20 2.6 0.025 - 0.093 0.015 - 0.045 20.0 10

Pears (V-23) 693 23 3.3 0.013 - 0.38 0.008 - 0.031 NT 10

Spinach, Fresh (V-1) 512 1 0.2 0.030 ^ 0.015 - 0.045 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.015 - 0.045 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

Tomatoes (V-6) 707 6 0.8 0.025 - 0.10 0.015 - 0.045 NT 5

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.008 - 0.031 NT -

Total 6274 54

54 Lambda cyhalothrin + isomer (insecticide)

Spinach, Fresh (V-1) 1 1 100 0.039 ^ 0.005 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned (V-1) 1 1 100 1.4 ^ 0.002 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 5 5 100 0.009 - 0.096 0.002 ^ 0.1 -

Total 7 7

55 Lindane - BHC gama (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.5 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.5 -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.005 1 -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 512 2 0.4 0.005 - 0.011 0.002 - 0.005 1 2

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.004 1 2

Sweet Potatoes 681 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.5 -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.002 - 0.005 3 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.006 3 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.006 3 -

Total 6275 2

Appendix E. Page 17 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

56 Linuron (herbicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

57 Malathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 2

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 4

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 6

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 8

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 8

Sweet Potatoes 695 1 0.1 0.023 ^ 0.002 - 0.018 1 0.5

Tomatoes 707 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 3

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.018 8 -

Total 6289 1

58 Metalaxyl (fungicide)

Apple Juice 179 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 1

Green Beans 196 1 0.5 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 0.2 -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 1.0 5

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ 1.0 -

Pears 198 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT 1

Spinach, Fresh 81 8 9.9 0.005 - 0.040 0.003 ^ 10.0 2

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ 10.0 2

Sweet Potatoes 253 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.5 -

Tomatoes 108 1 0.9 0.026 ^ 0.003 ^ 1.0 0.5

W Squash, Fresh 93 4 4.3 0.005 - 0.014 0.003 - 0.008 1.0 0.2

W Squash, Frozen 90 1 1.1 0.013 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 1.0 0.2

Total 1448 15

59 Methamidophos (insecticide)

Apple Juice (V-14) 683 14 2 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans (V-1) @ 679 304 44.8 0.002 - 0.17 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Orange Juice 677 0 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Peaches (V-7) 756 7 0.9 0.005 - 0.027 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-11) 512 11 2.1 0.002 - 0.072 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.001 - 0.015 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-1) 695 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Tomatoes 710 217 30.6 0.002 - 0.35 0.001 - 0.015 1.0 0.01

W Squash, Fresh (V-16) 440 16 3.6 0.002 - 0.039 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 221 1 0.5 0.015 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6249 571

Appendix E. Page 18 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

60 Methidathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 0.5

Green Beans 707 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Orange Juice 692 10 1.4 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.013 2.0 2

Peaches 756 0 0.003 - 0.013 0.05 0.2

Pears 708 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.010 0.05 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.008 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT -

Total 6289 11

61 Methiocarb- analyzed as sulfoxide (insecticide)

Apple Juice 173 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Green Beans 187 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 493 0 0.015 - 0.043 0.02 0.05

Peaches 539 0 0.015 - 0.043 15 -

Pears 184 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 363 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Spinach, Canned 119 0 0.015 - 0.043 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 378 0 0.015 - 0.020 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 156 0 0.016 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 2 0 0.016 ^ NT -

Total 2773 0

62 Methomyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.007 - 0.032 1 2

Green Beans 707 7 0.9 0.012 - 0.10 0.007 - 0.032 2 2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.008 - 0.032 2 1

Peaches 756 0 0.008 - 0.032 5 5

Pears 708 0 0.007 - 0.032 4 R 2

Spinach, Fresh 512 51 9.9 0.020 - 1.5 0.008 - 0.032 6 5

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.008 - 0.032 6 5

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.007 - 0.032 1 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.007 - 0.032 0.2 -

Total 6304 58

63 Methoxychlor (insecticide)

Apple Juice 668 0 0.006 - 0.026 14 -

Green Beans 693 0 0.006 - 0.026 14 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.005 - 0.023 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.005 - 0.023 14 -

Pears 708 3 0.4 0.010 - 0.096 0.006 - 0.026 14 -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.005 - 0.023 14 -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.005 - 0.023 14 -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.006 - 0.026 7 -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.005 - 0.026 14 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.006 - 0.026 14 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.026 14 -

Total 6260 3

64 Mevinphos E/Z (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.5

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.25 0.1

Appendix E. Page 19 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.2 0.2

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.015 1.0 0.5

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.5 0.2

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.015 1.0 0.5

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.015 1.0 0.5

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

Tomatoes 722 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.2 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.014 NT -

Total 6304 0

65 Myclobutanil (fungicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.008 - 0.045 0.5 -

Green Beans 707 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.076 NT -

Peaches 756 2 0.3 0.025 ^ 0.010 - 0.076 2.0 -

Pears 708 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.076 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.015 - 0.076 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Tomatoes (V-1) 722 1 0.1 0.040 ^ 0.010 - 0.076 0.3 R -

W Squash, Fresh 440 1 0.2 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.045 0.3 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.008 - 0.045 0.3 -

Total 6304 4

66 Oxamyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 1 0.1 0.017 ^ 0.009 - 0.035 2 2

Green Beans 707 0 0.009 - 0.035 NT 0.2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.010 - 0.035 3 5

Peaches 756 0 0.010 - 0.035 NT -

Pears 708 6 0.8 0.017 - 0.12 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.010 - 0.035 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.010 - 0.035 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.009 - 0.035 0.1 0.1

Tomatoes 722 6 0.8 0.015 - 0.043 0.009 - 0.035 2 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.009 - 0.035 2.0 -

Total 6304 13

67 Oxydemeton methyl sulfone (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ 1 -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.5 -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ 1 -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.3 -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ 0.3 -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ 0.3 -

Total 1047 0

68 Oxyfluorfen (herbicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Green Beans 108 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Pears 108 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Appendix E. Page 20 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.010 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.010 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.010 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

69 Parathion (insecticide)

Apple Juice 590 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Green Beans 612 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Orange Juice 601 0 0.002 - 0.015 1 0.5

Peaches 654 0 0.002 - 0.015 1 1

Pears 614 4 0.7 0.003 - 0.31 0.002 - 0.006 1 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 444 0 0.002 - 0.015 1 -

Spinach, Canned 146 4 2.7 0.005 - 0.017 0.002 - 0.015 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 671 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.1 -

Tomatoes 627 0 0.002 - 0.015 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 399 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 177 0 0.002 - 0.006 1 -

Total 5535 8

70 Parathion methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 2 0.3 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Green Beans 707 33 4.7 0.003 - 0.38 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Pears 708 37 5.2 0.003 - 0.079 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Spinach, Fresh 512 1 0.2 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Sweet Potatoes 695 2 0.3 0.003 - 0.014 0.002 - 0.013 0.1 -

Tomatoes 707 1 0.1 0.012 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.013 1 -

Total 6289 76

Parathion oxygen analog

Pears 1 1 100 0.029 ^ 0.001 ^ 1 -

Total 1 1

71 Permethrins (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 1 0.1 0.048 ^ 0.008 - 0.040 0.05 2

Green Beans 707 0 0.008 - 0.040 NT 1

Orange Juice 692 0 0.008 - 0.076 NT 0.5

Peaches 756 0 0.008 - 0.076 5.0 2

Pears 708 0 0.008 - 0.040 3.0 2

Spinach, Fresh 512 271 52.9 0.017 - 9.2 0.005 - 0.076 20.0 2

Spinach, Canned 168 141 83.9 0.067 - 5.0 0.005 - 0.076 20.0 2

Sweet Potatoes (V-3) 695 3 0.4 0.021 ^ 0.005 - 0.040 NT -

Tomatoes 707 80 11.3 0.017 - 0.173 0.005 - 0.076 2 1

W Squash, Fresh 440 9 2.0 0.013 - 0.106 0.005 - 0.040 3.0 0.5

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.008 - 0.032 3.0 0.5

Total 6289 505

72 o-Phenylphenol (fungicide)

Apple Juice 590 32 5.4 0.005 - 0.038 0.003 - 0.015 25 25

Green Beans (V-5) 612 5 0.8 0.005 - 0.025 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

Orange Juice 601 16 2.7 0.017 - 0.033 0.010 - 0.021 10 10

Peaches 654 21 3.2 0.017 - 0.033 0.010 - 0.021 20 -

Appendix E. Page 21 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Pears 614 154 25.1 0.005 - 11 0.003 - 0.015 25 25

Spinach, Fresh (V-10) 444 10 2.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.021 NT -

Spinach, Canned 146 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 671 10 1.5 0.017 - 0.10 0.003 - 0.015 15 -

Tomatoes 627 39 6.2 0.005 - 0.51 0.003 - 0.020 10 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 399 1 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-1) 177 1 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 NT -

Total 5535 289

73 Phorate (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.003 - 0.030 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 692 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.030 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.030 NT -

Total 6289 0

Phorate sulfoxide

Apple Juice 335 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Green Beans 343 0 0.004 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 364 0 0.004 - 0.061 NT -

Peaches 399 0 0.004 - 0.061 NT -

Pears 344 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 281 0 0.004 - 0.061 NT -

Spinach, Canned 84 0 0.004 - 0.030 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 343 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Tomatoes 374 0 0.004 - 0.076 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 169 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 162 0 0.004 - 0.076 NT -

Total 3198 0

Phorate sulfone

Apple Juice 513 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Green Beans 520 0 0.003 - 0.024 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 636 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Peaches 693 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Pears 537 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 461 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 512 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Tomatoes 647 0 0.003 - 0.024 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 301 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 196 0 0.003 - 0.024 NT -

Total 5184 0

Phorate oxygen analog

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 22 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

Phorate oxygen analog sulfone

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 0.1

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

74 Phosalone (insecticide)

Apple Juice 278 0 0.006 ^ 10.0 5

Green Beans 295 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 601 0 0.006 - 0.030 3.0 1

Peaches 654 0 0.006 - 0.030 15.0 5

Pears 292 0 0.006 ^ 10.0 2

Spinach, Fresh 444 0 0.006 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 146 0 0.006 - 0.030 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 358 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 486 0 0.006 - 0.030 NT 1

W Squash, Fresh 211 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 55 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 3820 0

75 Phosmet (insecticide)

Apple Juice 590 0 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Green Beans 612 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

Orange Juice 601 0 0.005 - 0.030 5 5

Peaches 654 0 0.005 - 0.030 10 10

Pears 613 114 18.6 0.008 - 0.72 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Spinach, Fresh 444 0 0.005 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Canned 146 0 0.005 - 0.015 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 671 38 5.7 0.010 - 0.42 0.005 - 0.024 10 10

Tomatoes 627 0 0.005 - 0.030 2.0 -

W Squash, Fresh 399 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 177 0 0.005 - 0.024 NT -

Total 5534 152

76 Phosphamidon (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.092 1 0.5

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT 0.2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.080 0.75 0.4

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.080 NT 0.2

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT 0.5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.080 NT 0.2

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.030 NT 0.2

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT 0.05

Tomatoes 722 0 0.002 - 0.092 0.1 0.1

Appendix E. Page 23 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.092 NT -

Total 6304 0

77 Piperonyl butoxide (synergist)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Green Beans 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Peaches 115 1 0.9 0.12 ^ 0.040 ^ 8 -

Pears 108 0 0.040 ^ 8 -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.040 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.040 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 8 4.5 0.067 - 0.18 0.040 ^ 0.25 -

Tomatoes 108 1 0.9 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ 8 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-2) 55 2 3.6 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.040 ^ NT -

Total 1047 12

78 Pirimiphos methyl (insecticide)

Apple Juice 121 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 2

Green Beans 112 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 0.5

Orange Juice 54 0 0.001 ^ NT 2

Peaches 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Pears 124 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 2

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.001 ^ NT 5

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.001 ^ NT 5

Sweet Potatoes 148 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Tomatoes 113 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT 1

W Squash, Fresh 62 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 51 0 0.001 - 0.005 NT -

Total 893 0

79 Profenofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 52 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Green Beans 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Peaches 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Pears 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 78 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 54 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 27 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Total 508 0

80 Propargite (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.008 - 0.045 3 5

Green Beans 707 1 0.1 0.037 ^ 0.008 - 0.045 20 20

Orange Juice 692 0 0.012 - 0.15 5 5

Peaches 756 0 0.012 - 0.15 7 7

Pears 708 8 1.1 0.013 - 0.49 0.008 - 0.045 3 5

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.012 - 0.15 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.020 - 0.091 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 694 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.020 - 0.15 NT 2

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.008 - 0.045 NT -

Total 6288 9

Appendix E. Page 24 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

81 Quintozene - PCNB (fungicide)

Apple Juice 676 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Green Beans 707 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.006 0.1 0.01

Orange Juice 692 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-3) 512 3 0.6 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.001 - 0.006 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT 0.1

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.1 -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 440 1 0.2 0.010 ^ 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT -

Total 6282 5

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)

Apple Juice 676 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.001 - 0.004 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 668 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

W Squash, Fresh (V-2) 440 2 0.5 0.005 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Total 6255 2

Pentachloroaniline (PCA)

Orange Juice 136 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Peaches 152 0 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh (V-2) 104 2 1.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 35 0 0.001 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh (V-1) 1 1 100 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 428 3

Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT -

Total 6289 0

82 Simazine (herbicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.012 ^ 0.25 -

Green Beans 108 0 0.012 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.012 ^ 0.25 -

Peaches 115 0 0.012 ^ 0.25 -

Pears 108 0 0.012 ^ 0.25 -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.012 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.012 ^ NT -

Appendix E. Page 25 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.012 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.012 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.012 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.012 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

83 Sulprofos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.003 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.003 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

84 Tecnazene (fungicide)

Apple Juice 105 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Green Beans 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Orange Juice 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Peaches 115 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Pears 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Spinach, Fresh 81 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Spinach, Canned 27 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Sweet Potatoes 179 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Tomatoes 108 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Fresh 55 0 0.006 ^ NT -

W Squash, Frozen 53 0 0.006 ^ NT -

Total 1047 0

85 Terbufos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Pears 708 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

W Squash, Fresh 440 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.002 - 0.025 NT -

Total 6289 0

Terbufos sulfone

Apple Juice 513 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Green Beans 520 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Orange Juice 636 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Peaches 693 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Pears 537 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 461 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.009 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 512 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Tomatoes 647 0 0.003 - 0.013 NT -

Appendix E. Page 26 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

W Squash, Fresh 301 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 196 0 0.003 - 0.048 NT -

Total 5184 0

86 Tetrachlorvinphos (insecticide)

Apple Juice 303 0 0.003 - 0.016 10 -

Green Beans 282 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Orange Juice 271 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Peaches 303 0 0.003 - 0.016 0.1 -

Pears 313 0 0.003 - 0.016 10 -

Spinach, Fresh 130 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 369 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Tomatoes 288 0 0.003 - 0.016 5 -

W Squash, Fresh 182 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 117 0 0.003 - 0.016 NT -

Total 2726 0

87 Thiabendazole (fungicide)

Apple Juice 677 214 31.6 0.015 - 0.93 0.009 - 0.045 10 10

Green Beans (V-1) 707 1 0.1 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.045 NT -

Orange Juice 677 44 6.5 0.042 - 0.34 0.025 - 0.076 10 10

Peaches (V-2) 754 2 0.3 0.042 ^ 0.025 - 0.076 NT -

Pears 695 467 67.2 0.015 - 4.7 0.009 - 0.045 10 10

Spinach, Fresh 509 0 0.030 - 0.076 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.030 - 0.076 NT -

Sweet Potatoes (V-2) 695 2 0.3 0.015 - 0.042 0.009 - 0.045 NT 2

Tomatoes 705 0 0.009 - 0.076 NT -

W Squash, Fresh (V-3) 425 3 0.7 0.015 - 0.42 0.009 - 0.045 NT -

W Squash, Frozen (V-4) 221 4 1.8 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.045 NT -

Total 6233 737

88 Trifluralin (herbicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Green Beans 707 0 0.008 - 0.030 0.05 -

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.05 -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.05 -

Pears 708 0 0.008 - 0.030 NT -

Spinach, Fresh 512 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.05 -

Spinach, Canned 168 1 0.6 0.025 ^ 0.002 - 0.030 0.05 -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.008 - 0.030 0.05 -

Tomatoes 707 0 0.003 - 0.030 0.05 -

W Squash, Fresh 440 1 0.2 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 0.05 -

W Squash, Frozen 221 1 0.5 0.013 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 0.05 -

Total 6289 3

89 Vinclozolin (fungicide)

Apple Juice 683 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT 1

Green Beans 684 123 17.9 0.005 - 0.23 0.003 - 0.014 2.0 TT 2

Orange Juice 692 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Peaches 756 0 0.002 - 0.010 25.0 5

Pears 708 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT 1

Spinach, Fresh (V-1) 512 1 0.2 0.014 ^ 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Spinach, Canned 168 0 0.002 - 0.010 NT -

Sweet Potatoes 695 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

Tomatoes (V-6) 707 6 0.8 0.010 - 0.25 0.004 - 0.010 NT 3

W Squash, Fresh 428 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

W Squash, Frozen 221 0 0.006 - 0.014 NT -

Total 6254 130

Appendix E. Page 27 of 28 
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex MRLs, 

ppm

 Total No. of Different Residues Detected: 72

 Total No. of Samples Analyzed: 6,321

 Total No. of Residues Detected: 6,902

Underlined compounds are subject to the full quality assurance program requirements.

 ^ Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

(V) Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following V are the number of occurrences.

(X) Residue was found which exceeds EPA tolerance or FDA action level. Following X are the number of occurrences.

NT No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

@ All other residues were detected in combination with acephate, for which a tolerance exists.

# Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA and Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Levels (EMRLs) for some pesticides.

Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels

are used.

TT There is a temporary tolerance for vinclozolin in Green Beans as of July 1997. 

For PDP purposes the temporary tolerance was applied for the entire year.

a Dimethoate/omethoate part of same tolerance expression.

For those pesticide/commodity pairs where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (3 times the

limit of detection), the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Appendix E. Page 28 of 28 
Appendix F 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Wheat

Crop Year 1997

Appendix F shows residue detections for all wheat samples tested for pesticides,

minimum and maximum concentrations reported, Limits of Detection (LODs), and whether

a tolerance or MRL is established for each pesticide in wheat. All pesticides analyzed in

wheat are included in the QA program. Residue detections are highlighted in italics. 

In 1997, the Pesticide Data Program analyzed 623 domestic wheat samples. A total

of 500 samples (80%) were reported with residue detections. There were 23 samples, all

primiphos methyl, reported as presumptive tolerance violations. (See Appendix L for

additional information concerning presumptive tolerance violations.)
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm

LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, ppm

Aldicarb 623 0.005 NT --

 Aldicarb sulfone 623 0.005 NT --

Atrazine 623 10 1.6 0.003 - 0.031 0.002 0.25 --

Azinphos methyl 618 0.013 0.2 0.2

Carbaryl 623 2 0.3 0.005^ 0.005 3 5

Carbofuran 623 6 0.9 0.008 - 0.022 0.005 0.1 0.1

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran 623 0.005 0.1 0.1

Chlorpyrifos 623 40 6.4 0.010 - 0.040 0.006 0.5 --

Chlorpyrifos methyl 622 346 55.6 0.002 - 1.8 0.001 6.0 10

Demeton S 623 0.006 NT --

Diazinon 623 5 0.8 0.013^ 0.008 0.05 --

Dichlorvos (DDVP) 612 0.003 0.5 2

Diclofop methyl (herbicide) 623 0.006 0.1 --

Dimethoate 623 0.009 0.04 --

 Omethoate 603 0.011 0.04 --

Disulfoton 623 0.003 0.3 0.2

 Disulfoton sulfone 623 0.015 0.3 0.2

Endosulfans 0.1 --

 Endosulfan I 623 0.008 0.1 --

 Endosulfan II 623 0.010 0.1 --

 Endosulfan sulfate 623 0.003 0.1 --

Fenitrothion 618 0.003 NT 5

 Fenitrothion oxygen analog 558 0.006 NT --

Imazalil 543 8 1.5 0.010 - 0.024 0.006 0.05 0.01

Linuron 603 0.010 0.25 --

Malathion 623 425 68.2 0.005 - 7.6 0.003 8 8

Methiocarb 623 0.015 NT 0.05

Methomyl 623 0.005 1 --

Methoxychlor 617 32 5.2 0.012 - 0.73 0.007 2 --

Oxamyl 623 0.005 NT --

Parathion 623 0.013 1 --

APPENDIX F. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN WHEAT

Appendix F. Page 1 of 2
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm

LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, ppm

Parathion methyl 623 1 0.2 0.031^ 0.006 1 --

Phorate 623 0.003 0.05 0.05

 Phorate sulfone 564 1 0.2 0.008^ 0.005 0.05 0.05

Pirimiphos methyl (V-23) 623 23 3.7 0.003^ 0.002 NT 10

Thiabendazole 291 2 0.7 0.012 - 0.027 0.007 1.0 0.2

Triallate (herbicide) 623 0.010 0.05 --

Trifluralin 623 0.007 0.05 --

^ - Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT - No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

V - Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following "V" are the number of occurences.

Appendix F. Page 2 of 2
Appendix G 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Soybeans

Crop Year 1996

Appendix G shows residue detections for all soybean samples tested for pesticides,

minimum and maximum concentrations reported, Limits of Detection (LODs), and whether

a tolerance or MRL is established for each pesticide in soybeans. All pesticides analyzed

in soybeans are included in the QA program. Residue detections are highlighted in italics.

In 1997, the Pesticide Data Program analyzed 159 domestic soybean samples. A

total of 138 samples (87%) were reported with residue detections. No samples were

reported as presumptive tolerance violations.
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm

LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, ppm

Alachlor (herbicide) 159 0.002 0.2 --

Aldicarb 159 0.005 0.02 0.02

 Aldicarb sulfone 159 0.007 0.02 0.02

Azinphos methyl 159 0.005 0.2 0.05

BHCs

 BHC alpha 159 0.004 NT # --

 BHC beta 159 0.004 NT # --

 BHC delta 159 0.002 NT # --

Carbaryl 159 0.003 5 1

Carbofuran 159 0.006 0.2 0.2

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran 159 0.007 0.2 0.2

Chlorpyrifos 157 126 80.3 0.003 - 0.20 0.002 0.3 --

DDT 159 0.003 0.2 # --

 DDD (TDE) 159 1 0.6 0.008^ 0.001 0.2 # --

Diazinon 159 0.002 0.1 --

Diclofop methyl (herbicide) 159 0.005 0.1 --

Dieldrin 159 6 3.8 0.003^ 0.002 0.05 # --

Dimethoate 159 0.005 0.05 --

Disulfoton 158 0.003 0.1 --

Endrin (insecticide) 159 0.008 NT --

Fenamiphos 159 0.002 0.05 0.05

Fenvalerate/Esfenvalerate 159 0.012 0.05 0.1

Fluazifop butyl (herbicide) 159 0.002 1 --

Linuron 159 0.010 1 --

Malathion 159 53 33.3 0.003 - 0.33 0.002 8 --

Methiocarb 159 0.017 NT --

Methomyl 159 0.006 0.2 0.2

Metolachlor (herbicide) 159 5 3.1 0.002 - 0.007 0.001 0.2 --

Metribuzin (herbicide) 159 0.003 0.1 --

Oxamyl 159 0.006 0.2 0.1

APPENDIX G. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN SOYBEANS

Appendix G. Page 1 of 2
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppm

LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, ppm

Parathion 159 0.011 0.1 --

Parathion methyl 159 0.004 0.1 --

Pendimethalin (herbicide) 159 0.005 0.1 --

Permethrins 136 0.004 0.05 0.05

Phorate 156 0.002 0.1 0.05

Thiabendazole 136 2 1.5 0.012^ 0.007 0.1 --

^ - Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

# - Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu

 of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

NT - No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

Appendix G. Page 2 of 2
Appendix H 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Milk

Appendix H shows residue detections for all milk samples tested for pesticides,

minimum and maximum concentrations reported, Limits of Detection (LODs), and whether

a tolerance is established for each pesticide in milk. Residue detections are highlighted

in italics. 

In 1997, the Pesticide Data Program analyzed 732 domestic milk samples. A total

of 111 samples (15%) were reported with residue detections. Six samples were reported

as presumptive tolerance violations. (See Appendix L for additional information concerning

presumptive tolerance violations.)

Milk is a uniquely marketed commodity in that most fluid milk is consumed in the

State where it is produced. This was evident in the milk samples collected by the 10

participating States in 1997, where 721 of the 732 samples collected were marketed in the

10 participating States, and only 3 samples originated from non-participating PDP States.

Implementation of new methodology, developed by the California Department of

Food and Agriculture to determine pesticide residues in whole milk, allowed detection of

the DDE metabolite of DDT at 0.001 ppm, the lowest reportable level in the PDP system.

Of the 103 milk samples with detectable DDE residues, 0.002-0.018 ppm (at or just above

quantifiable limits), 80 originated in California, 18 in Texas, 2 in Colorado, 2 in New York,

and 1 in Maryland. 

Notice: 246 records for the compound MCPA were removed from the PDP database

in February 2001 because they were submitted in error by one of the three reporting

laboratories and were not identified during the data review process. MCPA was not

validated by the laboratory in question, therefore the results should not have been

reported.
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, 

ppm

2,4-DB (herbicide) 272 0.005^ NT --

2,4-D (herbicide) 727 0.005 - 0.010 0.1 (W) 0.05

Abamectin (insecticide) 424 0.001^ 0.005 T --

Acephate 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.1 (W) 0.1

Aldicarb 727 0.003 - 0.005 0.002 (W) 0.01

 Aldicarb sulfoxide 727 0.004 - 0.012 0.002 (W) 0.01

 Aldicarb sulfone 727 0.004 - 0.009 0.002 (W) 0.01

Atrazine 727 0.001 - 0.012 0.02 (W) --

Azinphos methyl 727 0.003 - 0.007 0.04 (W) --

BHCs

 BHC alpha 727 0.001^ 0.3 (F)# --

 BHC beta 727 0.001^ 0.3 (F)# --

 BHC delta 727 0.001^ 0.3 (F)# --

Benomyl (Carbendazim (MBC)) 424 0.002^ 0.1 (W) 0.1

Captan 272 0.003^ NT --

Carbaryl 727 0.002 - 0.003 0.3 (W) 0.1

Carbofuran 727 0.004^ 0.02 T 0.05

 3-Hydroxycarbofuran 727 0.004^ 0.02 T 0.05

Carbophenothion 727 0.001 - 0.002 NT --

Chlordanes 727 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.002#

 Oxychlordane 665 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.002#

Chlorfenvinphos alpha 518 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.008

Chlorfenvinphos beta 481 0.001^ NT 0.008

Chlorothalonil 272 0.003^ NT --

Chlorpropham 727 0.001 - 0.005 0.05 * --

Chlorpyrifos 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.25 (F) 

0.01 (W) 0.01

Chlorpyrifos methyl 727 0.001 - 0.002 1.25 (F) 

0.05 (W) 0.01

Coumaphos 249 0.002 - 0.054 0.5 (F) 

N(W) --

 Coumaphos oxygen analog 134 0.003^ 0.5 (F) 

N(W) --

Cyfluthrin 272 0.020^ 15.0 (F) 

0.5 (W) 0.01

Cypermethrin 272 0.010^ 0.05 * 0.05

Dalapon (herbicide, growth 272 0.010^ 0.1 (W) --

 regulator)

APPENDIX H. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN MILK

Appendix H. Page 1 of 4
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, 

ppm

DCPA 272 0.001^ NT --

DDT 727 0.001 - 0.006 1.25 (F)# 

N(W) 0.05#

 DDD (TDE) 727 0.001 - 0.006 1.25 (F)# 

N(W) 0.05#

 DDE 727 103 14.2 0.002 - 0.018 0.001 - 0.003 1.25 (F)# 

N(W) 0.05#

DEF 249 0.001 - 0.007 0.002 (W) --

Demeton-S sulfone 272 0.001^ NT --

Diazinon 518 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.02

Dicamba (herbicide) 727 0.004 - 0.008 0.3 (W) --

Dichlorvos (DDVP) 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.02 (W) 0.02

Dicloran 272 0.003^ NT --

Dicofol 272 0.002 - 0.003 NT --

Dieldrin 727 0.001 - 0.003 0.3 (F)# 0.006#

Dimethoate 727 0.001^ 0.002 (W) --

 Omethoate 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.002 (W) --

Diphenylamine (DPA) (V-1) 665 1 0.2 0.010^ 0.006 - 0.020 0 (W) --

 4-Hydroxydiphenylamine 138 0.006^

Disulfoton 665 0.001^ NT --

 Disulfoton sulfone 665 0.001 - 0.002 NT --

Diuron 272 0.012^ NT --

Endosulfans

 Endosulfan I 727 0.001^ 0.5 (F) 

N(W) 0.004

 Endosulfan II 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.5 (F) 

N(W) 0.004

 Endosulfan sulfate 727 0.001^ 0.5 (F) 

N(W) 0.004

Ethalfluralin 727 0.007 - 0.020 0.5 (W) --

Ethion 727 0.001^ 0.5 (F) 

N(W) 0.02

Fenamiphos 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.01 (W) --

 Fenamiphos sulfoxide 497 0.002 - 0.005 0.01 (W) --

 Fenamiphos sulfone 727 0.002 - 0.005 0.01 (W) --

Fenitrothion 249 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.002

 Fenitrothion o-analog 249 0.001 - 0.002 NT 0.002

 Fenitrothion metabolite 133 0.008^ NT 0.002

Fenthion 727 0.001^ 0.01 (W) 0.05

Fenvalerate 727 0.012 - 0.021 7.0 (F) 

0.3 (W) 0.1

 Esfenvalerate 727 0.008 - 0.013 7.0 (F) 

0.3 (W) 0.1

Appendix H. Page 2 of 4
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, 

ppm

Heptachlor 727 0.001^ 0.01 (F)# 0.006#

 Heptachlor epoxide 727 0.001^ 0.01 (F)# 0.006#

Imazalil 272 0.004^ 0.01 (W) --

Iprodione 727 0.004 - 0.006 0.5 (W) --

Ivermectin (anthelmintic) 424 1 0.2 0.002^ 0.001^ NA NA

Lindane (BHC gamma) 727 0.001 - 0.006 0.3 (F) 0.01

Linuron 272 0.001^ NT --

Malathion 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.5 (F) --

 Malathion oxygen analog 61 0.005^ 0.5 (F) --

MCPA (herbicide) 481* 0.008^ 0.01 (W) --

* Originally reported 727 samples screened for MCPA. See Notice at end of Appendix.

Methamidophos 272 0.001^ NT 0.01

Methidathion 727 0.001 - 0.002 0.03 (W) 0.001

Methiocarb 455 0.004 - 0.005 NT 0.05

Methomyl 727 0.003 - 0.006 NT 0.02

Methoxychlor 518 0.002 - 0.003 1.25 (F) --

Mevinphos E/Z 272 0.001^ NT --

Myclobutanil 272 0.006^ 0.2 (W) 0.01

Oxamyl 481 0.004 - 0.006 NT --

Oxydemeton methyl sulfone 272 0.001^ 0.01 (W) --

Oxyfluorfen 727 0.003 - 0.006 0.05 (W) --

Parathion 518 0.001 - 0.002 NT --

Parathion methyl 518 0.001^ NT --

Permethrins 727 0.003 - 0.032 6.25 (F) 

0.25 (W) 0.1

o-Phenylphenol (V-5) 273 5 1.8 0.010 - 0.017 0.006 - 0.010 NT --

Phorate 727 0.001 - 0.020 0.02 (W) 0.05

 Phorate sulfoxide 518 0.002 - 0.076 0.02 (W) 0.05

 Phorate sulfone 518 0.001 - 0.002 0.02 (W) 0.05

 Phorate oxygen analog 272 0.001^ 0.02 (W) 0.05

 Phorate oxygen analog sulfone 272 0.001^ 0.02 (W) 0.05

Phosalone 272 0.003^ NT --

Phosmet 272 0.003^ NT 0.02

Phosphamidon 272 0.001^ NT --

Picloram (herbicide) 272 0.008^ 0.05 (W) --

Pirimiphos methyl 249 0.001 - 0.003 3.0 (F) 

0.1 (W) 0.05

 Pirimiphos methyl degradate 134 0.008^ 3.0 (F) 

0.1 (W) --

Profenofos 249 0.001 - 0.004 0.01 (W) 0.01

Appendix H. Page 3 of 4
Pesticide

Total 

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detections

Range of 

Values 

Detected, 

ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Codex 

MRLs, 

ppm

Propargite 563 0.018 - 0.075 2.0 (F) 

0.08 (W) 0.1

Quintozene (PCNB) 727 0.001^ NT --

 Hexachlorobenzene 272 0.001^ NT --

 Pentachlorobenzene 272 0.001^ NT --

 Pentachlorophenol 272 0.005^ NT --

Simazine 727 0.001 - 0.005 0.02 (W) --

Sulprofos 727 0.001 - 0.004 0.01 (W) --

Tecnazene 272 0.003^ NT --

Terbufos 272 0.001^ NT 0.01

 Terbufos sulfone 272 0.001^ NT 0.01

Tetrachlorvinphos 727 0.001 - 0.005 0.5 (F) 

N(W) --

Thiabendazole 543 2 0.4 0.050^ 0.010 - 0.030 0.4 (W) 0.01

 5-Hydroxythiabendazole sulfate 424 0.15^ 0.4 (W) 0.01

Triclopyr (herbicide) 272 0.008^ 0.1 (W) --

Trifluralin 272 0.006^ NT --

Vinclozolin 272 0.003^ NT 0.05

Underlined compounds are subject to the full quality assurance program requirements.

(F) - Tolerance on Fat Basis

(W) - Tolerance for whole milk

(V) - Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following "V" are the number of occurences.

# - Numbers shown are Action Levels (AL) established by FDA and Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Levels (EMRLs).

 Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the

 interim, action levels are used.

NT - No tolerance level set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

T - Temporary tolerance

N - Negligible

NA - Not applicable

^ - Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

* - Interim tolerance

Where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (3 times the limit of detection),

the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Notice: 246 records for the compound MCPA were removed from the PDP database in February 2001 because they 

were submitted in error by one of the the three reporting laboratories and were not identified during the data review

process. MCPA was not validated by the laboratory in question, therefore the results should not have been reported.

Appendix H. Page 4 of 4
Appendix I

National Estimates for 

Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples)

Appendix I shows 36 pesticide or metabolite/commodity pairs with detections in at

least 10 percent of the samples tested. Concentrations detected are arranged in

percentiles. The 90th percentile is compared to the tolerance established for each

pesticide/commodity pair.

The meaning of a percentile can be most easily explained through an example. For

the azinphos methyl/pears pair, the 50th percentile, or median, is estimated to be 0.027

ppm. This means that PDP estimates that at least 50 percent of pears available to U.S.

consumers had azinphos methyl residues of 0.027 ppm or less, while at least 50 percent

had residues of 0.027 ppm or more. Similarly, the 75th percentile (or the upper quartile)

for this pair is estimated to be 0.072 ppm, which means that at least 75 percent of pears

had residues of 0.072 ppm or less, while at least 25 percent had residues of 0.072 ppm

or more. Finally, the 90th percentile (or the last decile) is estimated to be 0.13 ppm,

meaning that at least 90 percent of all pears had azinphos methyl residues of 0.13 ppm

or less, while at least 10 percent had residues of 0.13 ppm or more.

Percent detections and percentiles for fresh pears, tomatoes, and sweet potatoes

were weighted to reflect 1996 monthly AMS marketing data (1997 data not available).

There were no marketing data for winter squash. Spinach was not weighted since

sampling ended September 30.

For the two processed commodities--apple juice and green beans--the percentile

concentrations were weighted to reflect marketplace availability (utilization) versus

samples collected monthly.

Commodity Collected Utilization

AJ (Liquid:Frozen) 2:1 4:1

GB (Canned:Frozen) 10:9 2:1
APPENDIX I. NATIONAL ESTIMATES FOR CONCENTRATION PERCENTILES vs. TOLERANCE

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples)

% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean** Percentiles 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

1 Apple Juice (W)

Carbaryl 24.9 0.005 0.015 * * 0.019 0.002

Dimethoate 24.7 0.002 0.006 * * 0.010 0.005

Thiabendazole 31.5 0.064 0.085 * 0.063 0.280 0.028

2 Green Beans (C&F) (W)

1 Naphthol (1) 16.0 0.025 0.053 * * 0.086 --

Acephate 46.0 0.027 0.029 * 0.025 0.068 0.023

Carbaryl 7.9 0.005 0.016 * * * *

Methamidophos (2) 45.8 0.011 0.013 * 0.016 0.031 --

Vinclozolin 12.7 0.004 0.013 * * 0.012 ***

3 Milk

DDE 14.2 0.001 0.002 * * 0.002 0.002

4 Peaches (Canned)

Carbaryl 10.8 0.009 0.020 * * 0.012 0.001

5 Pears (W)

Azinphos methyl 67.6 0.059 0.064 0.027 0.072 0.130 0.065

Diphenylamine (DPA) 24.0 0.022 0.031 * * 0.038 NT

o-Phenylphenol 27.9 0.018 0.029 * * 0.044 0.004

Phosmet 17.4 0.403 0.412 0.220 0.530 0.960 0.096

Thiabendazole 72.0 0.227 0.234 * * 0.071 0.003

6 Soybean Grain

Chlorpyrifos 80.3 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.013 0.027 0.090

Malathion 33.3 0.005 0.006 * 0.003 0.007 0.001

7 Spinach (Canned)

DDE 25.0 0.003 0.008 * 0.002 0.012 0.024

Permethrins 83.9 0.999 1.004 0.600 1.535 2.700 0.135

8 Spinach (Fresh)

DDE 41.4 0.007 0.010 * 0.012 0.023 0.046

Omethoate 12.7 0.013 0.022 * * 0.023 0.012

Permethrins 52.9 0.834 0.843 0.032 1.060 2.900 0.145

9 Sweet Potatoes (W)

Chlorpyrifos 10.5 0.001 0.007 * * 0.004 0.070

Dicloran 56.3 0.160 0.163 0.055 0.250 0.450 0.059

10 Tomatoes (W)

Chlorpyrifos 13.1 0.005 0.010 * * 0.011 0.021

Endosulfan I 17.0 0.002 0.006 * * 0.007 0.004

Endosulfan II 21.7 0.003 0.007 * * 0.013 0.007

Endosulfan sulfate 19.4 0.003 0.008 * * 0.011 0.006

Methamidophos 30.9 0.013 0.016 * 0.007 0.038 0.038

Permethrins 11.6 0.009 0.035 * * 0.023 0.012

Appendix I. Page 1 of 2
% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean** Percentiles 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

11 Wheat Grain

Chlorpyrifos methyl 55.6 0.059 0.060 0.003 0.034 0.181 0.030

Malathion 68.2 0.146 0.147 0.008 0.038 0.266 0.033

12 Winter Squash (Fresh)

Dieldrin 24.7 0.008 0.010 * * 0.030 0.300

Endosulfan sulfate 25.2 0.005 0.010 * 0.004 0.019 0.009

13 Winter Squash (Frozen)

Dieldrin 73.6 0.021 0.021 0.015 0.033 0.047 0.470

Heptachlor epoxide 29.1 0.002 0.003 * 0.004 0.008 0.750

* The percentile value is estimated to be below the Limit of Detection (LOD).

** The mean is estimated with a range of values. The lower bound is calculated with non-detections valued

at zero. The upper bound is calculated using the LOD.

*** FIFRA Section 18 exemption expired September 30, 1995, reestablished July 10, 1997.

(W) - Weighted for utilization. The Percent of Samples with Detections was recalculated to reflect national estimates.

(C&F) - Canned & Frozen Samples

NT - No Tolerance

(1) - Metabolite of carbaryl

(2) - See acephate tolerance

Appendix I. Page 2 of 2
Appendix J 

Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected

Pesticide/Commodity Pairs

In Appendix J, the concentrations detected (in parts per million, except where

otherwise noted) are plotted versus the calculated percentiles for the following eight

pesticide/commodity pairs:

Thiabendazole/Apple Juice

Azinphos methyl/Pears

Chlorpyrifos/Soybeans

Permethrins/Spinach (Fresh)

Permethrins/Spinach (Canned)

Methamidophos/Tomatoes

Malathion/Wheat

Endosulfan sulfate/Winter Squash (Fresh)

The distribution of residues for all of the PDP pesticide/commodity pairs has the

same curved shape. The highest percentile graphed in the appendix is the 99th, which in

each case is lower than the highest concentration detected in the sample (refer to the

value shown in each graph’s legend). Inclusion of the highest concentration would cause

graph distortion, which would obscure concentrations in the low ranges. The tolerance for

the pesticide/commodity pair is also indicated in the legend of each graph. The large dots

show the percentage of the commodity at or below a given level of residue concentration.

For example, an estimated 50th percent of pears available to U.S. consumers in 1997 had

azinphos methyl residue concentrations of 0.027 ppm or less. The solid lines, tailing the

large dots, depict percentage values. The lowest value of these solid lines indicates the

estimated percentage of the commodity available to U.S. consumers with no detectable

residues. For azinphos methyl in pears, this is 33 percent. The shaded bar denotes the

range of values estimated for the mean. For azinphos methyl/pears the mean range is

approximately 0.059-0.064 ppm, corresponding to the 65th percentile.
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Thiabendazole / Apple Juice

APPENDIX J. CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES

FOR SELECTED PESTICIDE/COMMODITY PAIRS

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

••••••• ••••••• ••••••• •••

•• ••••

•••••••••

•

•

••

••

••

•

•••

•

••

•

•

•

•••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 10 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.93 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Azinphos methyl / Pears

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

• •• •••• ••••• ••• •• ••••••••• ••• ••••••• ••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••••••••••• • •••

•••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 2 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.99 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Chlorpyrifos / Soybeans

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

0.0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11

• • • • • • • • •••• • ••• •••••••••

••••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 0.3 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.195 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Permethrins / Spinach (Fresh)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•

•

•

••••

•

•

•

•

•

•

••

••••

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 20 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 9.2 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Permethrins / Spinach (Canned)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••

• ••••••••••••

•••

•• •

•

•

• •

•

•

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 20 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 5 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Methamidophos / Tomatoes

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

••• ••• ••• • ••• • ••• •• ••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••

•

•••

•••

••••

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 1 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.35 ppm

MEAN
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per million)

Malathion / Wheat

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

• • • • • ••••• ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

•••••••

••••••••

•••

••••

•

•

••

••

•

•

•

•

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 8 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 7.55 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

Endosulfan sulfate / Winter Squash (Fresh)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

•

••

• ••

•

•

••

• •

••

• • ••

•

• •

• ••

•

•

•

• •

•

• LEGEND

 Tolerance is 2 ppm

 Highest Level Detected is 0.086 ppm

MEAN
Appendix K

Percentage of Samples vs. Number of Residues

Detected per Sample

(Fresh and Processed Products)

Appendix K shows the percentage of samples versus the number of residues

detected per sample. Page 1 shows the overall number of samples and percentages (of

total number of samples analyzed) for each detection group across all commodities. Page

2 shows the number of residues detected by individual commodity. For the 7,835 samples

tested, 44.5 percent of the samples had no detectable residues, 26.9 percent had one

residue, and 28.6 percent of the samples had more than one residue.

More than one residue was found on approximately 30 percent of the fruit and

vegetables (38% fresh and 22% processed), half of the wheat, 30 percent of the

soybeans,and 0.2 percent of the milk samples. 

 
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Number of

Samples 3486 2106 1329 516 257 99 27 10 4 1

Percent of

Total Samples 44.5 26.9 17.0 6.6 3.3 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.013

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES = 7,835

APPENDIX K. PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES vs. NUMBER OF RESIDUES

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

DETECTED PER SAMPLE

Percent of Samples

44.5

17.0

26.9

1.3

3.3

6.6

0.3 0.1 0.1 0.013

Appendix K. Page 1 of 2
APPENDIX K. PERCENTAGE OF SAMPLES vs.

NUMBER OF RESIDUES DETECTED PER SAMPLE

Number of Residues Detected per Sample

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables:

Pears 5.1 26.0 29.7 19.2 12.0 4.8 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.1

(708 Samples)

Spinach, Fresh 20.7 31.6 23.6 14.8 6.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 -- --

(512 Samples)

Sweet Potatoes 35.9 49.9 11.6 1.9 0.6 0.1 -- -- -- --

(696 Samples)

Tomatoes 37.0 27.3 14.4 7.6 7.0 4.8 1.7 0.1 -- --

(724 Samples)

Winter Squash, Fresh 60.0 24.3 8.2 3.0 3.9 0.5 -- 0.2 -- --

(440 Samples)

Processed Fruit and Vegetables

Apple Juice 32.8 35.4 16.5 10.9 3.3 0.9 -- 0.1 -- --

(689 Samples)

Green Beans 35.8 14.0 35.6 9.3 3.7 1.3 0.3 -- -- --

(707 Samples)

Orange Juice 81.1 12.3 5.2 1.0 0.4 -- -- -- -- --

(698 Samples)

Peaches 83.1 15.0 1.7 -- 0.1 -- -- -- -- --

(758 Samples)

Spinach, Canned 10.7 64.9 24.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

(168 Samples)

Winter Squash, Frozen 47.1 34.4 13.6 2.7 2.3 -- -- -- -- --

(221 Samples)

Number of Samples 2721 1726 1038 447 249 98 27 10 4 1

Percent of Total 

Samples 43.0 27.3 16.4 7.1 3.9 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.02

TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUIT & VEGETABLE SAMPLES = 6,321

Grain:

Wheat (623 Samples) 19.7 29.1 39.6 10.1 1.3 0.2 -- -- -- --

Soybeans (159 Samples) 13.2 56.0 27.0 3.8 -- -- -- -- -- --

Number of Samples 144 270 290 69 8 1 -- -- -- --

Percent 18.4 34.5 37.1 8.8 1 0.1 -- -- -- --

Dairy: Milk (732 Samples)

Number of Samples 621 110 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Percent 84.8 15.0 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Percent

Appendix K. Page 2 of 2
Appendix L

Distribution of Presumptive Tolerance Violations 

(Across All Commodities)

Appendix L shows the distribution of presumptive tolerance violations reported in

1997 samples across all commodities. In 1997, the following commodities were analyzed:

< 6,321 fruit and vegetable samples were analyzed. A total of 383 samples

(6%) were reported as presumptive tolerance violations.

< 623 wheat samples were analyzed. A total of 23 samples (3.7%) were

reported as a presumptive tolerance violations.

< 159 soybean samples were analyzed. No presumptive tolerance

violations were reported.

< 732 domestic milk samples were analyzed. Six samples (0.82%) were

reported as a presumptive tolerance violation.

Four samples were reported which contained residues that exceeded the

established EPA tolerances including:

In sweet potatoes (1 ) In spinach (1 )

1 sample with Carbaryl 1 sample with Dimethoate

In winter squash ( 2 )

2 samples with Heptachlor epoxide

Pesticide residue established tolerances for pesticide/commodity pairs in PDP span

several orders of magnitude--from 0.01 ppm for fonofos in green beans, to 100 ppm for

captan in spinach. Of the 412 reported samples (383 fruit & vegetable + 23 wheat + 6

milk) containing violations (455 violations), 371 samples contained a single residue, 39

samples contained two residues and 2 samples contained three residues. 
APPENDIX L. DISTRIBUTION OF PRESUMPTIVE TOLERANCE VIOLATIONS

Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported as 

PTV

% of Samples 

with PTV

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

1 Apple Juice 

Acephate 683 11 1.6 0.003 - 0.008 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Methamidophos 683 14 2.0 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 689

Total Samples with PTV 25

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 3.6%

2 Green Beans

Carbofuran 703 2 0.3 0.034 - 0.051 0.006 - 0.025 NT

Demeton S sulfone 108 10 9.3 0.005 - 0.015 0.003 ^ NT

Diphenylamine 693 6 0.9 0.013 - 0.25 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Doramectin 2 2 100 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ NT

Methamidophos 679 1 0.1 0.002 - 0.17 0.001 - 0.006 NT @

o-Phenylphenol 612 5 0.8 0.005 - 0.025 0.003 - 0.015 NT

Thiabendazole 707 1 0.1 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.045 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 707

Total Samples with PTV 26

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 3.7%

3 Milk

Diphenylamine 665 1 0.2 0.010 ^ 0.006 - 0.020 NT

o- Phenylphenol 273 5 1.8 0.010 - 0.017 0.006 - 0.010 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 732

Total Samples with PTV 6

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 0.8%

4 Orange Juice

Diphenylamine 678 2 0.3 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 698

Total Samples with PTV 2

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 0.3%

5 Peaches

Acephate 754 3 0.4 0.007 - 0.023 0.002 - 0.012 NT

Dimethoate 752 1 0.1 0.051 ^ 0.002 - 0.011 NT

Diphenylamine 735 1 0.1 0.14 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT

Methamidophos 756 7 0.9 0.005 - 0.027 0.001 - 0.015 NT

Thiabendazole 754 2 0.3 0.042 ^ 0.025 - 0.076 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 758

Total Samples with PTV 12

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 1.6%

Appendix L. Page 1 of 4 
Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported as 

PTV

% of Samples 

with PTV

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

6 Pears

Bifenthrin 1 1 100 0.032 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

Diphenylamine * 693 158 22.8 0.013 - 1.8 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Imazalil 660 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.070 NT

Iprodione 693 23 3.3 0.013 - 0.38 0.008 - 0.031 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 708

Total Samples with PTV 169

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 23.9%

7 Spinach, Fresh

Acephate 512 13 2.5 0.003 - 0.10 0.002 - 0.012 NT

Chlorothalonil 455 1 0.2 0.007 ^ 0.003 - 0.008 NT

Chlorpyrifos 512 11 2.1 0.005 - 0.026 0.003 - 0.009 NT

DCPA 512 15 2.9 0.005 - 0.045 0.003 - 0.008 NT

Dicloran 512 8 1.6 0.022 - 0.022 0.001 - 0.009 NT

Dimethoate 501 1 0.2 0.003 - 1.9 0.002 - 0.011 2 ct

 Omethoate 512 1 0.2 0.007 - 0.076 0.004 - 0.016 2 ct

Diphenylamine 498 1 0.2 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.152 NT

Iprodione 512 1 0.2 0.030 ^ 0.015 - 0.045 NT

Lambda cyhalothrin 1 1 100 0.039 ^ 0.005 ^ NT

Methamidophos 512 11 2.1 0.002 - 0.072 0.001 - 0.015 NT

o-Phenylphenol 444 10 2.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.021 NT

Quintozene (PCNB) 512 3 0.6 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Pentachloroaniline 104 2 1.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ NT

Vinclozolin 512 1 0.2 0.014 ^ 0.002 - 0 .010 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 512

Total Samples with PTV 64

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 12.5%

8 Spinach, Canned

Diphenylamine 168 2 1.2 0.017 - 0.20 0.008 - 0.152 NT

Lambda cyhalothrin 1 1 100 1.4 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Total Samples Analyzed 168

Total Samples with PTV 3

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 1.8%

9 Sweet Potatoes

Acephate 680 1 0.1 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Carbaryl 695 1 0.1 0.010 - 0.29 0.004 - 0.025 0.2

Diphenylamine 695 1 0.1 0.017 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Fenvalerate 680 1 0.1 0.050 ^ 0.030 - 0.33 NT

Methamidophos 695 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Permethrins 695 3 0.4 0.021 ^ 0.005 - 0.040 NT

Thiabendazole 695 2 0.3 0.015 - 0.042 0.009 - 0.045 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 696

Total Samples with PTV 9

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 1.3%

Appendix L. Page 2 of 4 
Pesticide

Samples 

Screened

Samples 

Reported as 

PTV

% of Samples 

with PTV

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

10 Tomatoes

Acephate 707 4 0.6 0.003 - 0.015 0.002 - 0.009 NT

Cypermethrins 287 2 0.7 0.033 - 0.067 0.020 - 0.045 NT

Diphenylamine 707 4 0.6 0.013 - 0.025 0.008 - 0.152 NT

Fenamiphos 722 1 0.1 0.007 ^ 0.002 - 0.013 NT

Fenamiphos sulfoxide 345 2 0.6 0.013 - 0.028 0.005 - 0.022 NT

Fenamiphos sulfone 662 3 0.5 0.013 ^ 0.005 - 0.080 NT

Iprodione 707 6 0.8 0.025 - 0.10 0.015 - 0.045 NT

Myclobutanil 722 1 0.1 0.040 ^ 0.010 - 0.076 NT

Vinclozolin 707 6 0.8 0.010 - 0.25 0.004 - 0.010 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 724

Total Samples with PTV 25

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 3.5%

11 Wheat

Pirimiphos methyl 623 23 3.7 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Total Samples Analyzed 623

Total Samples with PTV 23

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 3.7%

12 Winter Squash, Fresh

Acephate 440 7 1.6 0.003 - 0.083 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Bifenthrin 2 2 100 0.017 - 0.021 0.010 ^ NT

Chlorpropham 440 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.008 - 0.020 NT

Diphenylamine 426 1 0.2 0.050 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Heptachlor epoxide 74 1 1.4 0.002 - 0.015 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 #

Methamidophos 440 16 3.6 0.002 - 0.039 0.001 - 0.006 NT

o-Phenylphenol 399 1 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 NT

Piperonyl butoxide 55 2 3.6 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ NT

Quintozene (PCNB) 440 1 0.2 0.010 ^ 0.003 - 0.006 NT

Hexachlorobenzene 440 2 0.5 0.005 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Pentachloroaniline 1 1 100 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ NT

Thiabendazole 425 3 0.7 0.015 - 0.42 0.009 - 0.045 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 440

Total Samples with PTV 33

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 7.5%

13 Winter Squash, Frozen

Acephate 221 1 0.5 0.043 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Chlorpyrifos 221 4 1.8 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.011 NT

Diphenylamine 221 1 0.5 0.025 ^ 0.008 - 0.030 NT

Ethion 221 3 1.4 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

Heptachlor epoxide 79 1 1.3 0.002 - 0.025 0.001 - 0.003 0.01 #

Methamidophos 221 1 0.5 0.015 ^ 0.001 - 0.006 NT

o-Phenylphenol 177 1 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.001 - 0.015 NT

Thiabendazole 221 4 1.8 0.015 ^ 0.009 - 0.045 NT

Total Samples Analyzed 221

Total Samples with PTV 15

Estimated % of Samples with PTV 6.8%

Appendix L. Page 3 of 4 
KEY

 ^ Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT No tolerance level was set for that pesticide / commodity pair.

@ All other residues were detected in combination with acephate, for which a tolerance exists.

# Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing tolerances

in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

* A tolerance application for diphenylamine as a post-harvest fungicide was submitted to EPA in 1998.

ct Combined total of both dimethoate and omethoate. One sample exceeded this combined tolerance.

Total Samples Analyzed reflects table 3 figures. In some cases, not all pesticides were screened due to

 multiple labs reporting.

Total Samples with PTV represents total number of samples (including multiple PTV hits) reported with PTV.

Estimated % of samples with PTV . Total Samples with PTV divided by the Total Samples Analyzed.

Note:

For those pesticide/commodity pairs where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (3 times the

limit of detection), the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Appendix L. Page 4 of 4 
Appendix M

Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons

PDP was designed to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of pesticide

residues in the U.S. food supply, representing all sources including imports. Most

commodities consumed are generally produced in the United States with a minor import

component. However, several commodities tested over the past several years were cyclical;

part of the year domestic and part import. 

Appendix M compares residue data reported in 1994-1996 for grapes and peaches

from the United States and Chile, and data for 1996-1997 for tomatoes from the United

States and Mexico. Only residues detected in more than 10 percent of the samples are

included in this section of the appendix. All residues detected were registered in the United

States, however, the prevalence of residue findings was markedly different in the United

States samples versus samples from Chile and Mexico. The national differences in residue

findings were due to the pesticides used to sustain crop protection based on the

environment, climate, and growing conditions. 

Appendix M also includes presumptive tolerance violations for grapes and peaches

(1994-1996) and tomatoes (1996-1997). As seen on page 4 of this appendix, there were

four samples from Chile with residues exceeding the tolerance for 3-hydroxycarbofuran. All

other presumptive violations were for pesticide residues for which there were no U.S.

established tolerances (pages 4 and 7).
Origin Year

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

# of Residues 

Detected

United States 1994 391 262 67 531

1995 382 271 71 587

1996 211 145 69 295

1994-1996 984 678 69 1,413

Chile 1994 258 237 92 589

1995 257 243 95 669

1996 279 251 90 734

1994-1996 794 731 92 1,992

United States 1994 281 257 92 773

1995 256 233 91 772

1996 199 187 94 591

1994-1996 736 677 92 2,136

Chile 1994 126 120 95 360

1995 118 111 94 298

1996 130 129 99 447

1994-1996 374 360 96 1,105

NOTE: The Limit of Detections (LODs) for peaches (1994-1996) are comparable to the

levels found for canned peaches published in Appendix E of this summary. The range

for LODs in grapes (1994-1996) are found in the individual summaries.

1994-1996 Distribution of Residues for Grapes and Peaches

United States Samples vs. Samples Originating in Chile

GRAPES

PEACHES

Appendix M. Page 1 of 7
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

with Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Captan Chile 789 615 78

U.S. 961 53 6

Dimethoate Chile 789 193 25

U.S. 969 49 5

 Omethoate Chile 644 174 27

 (Dimethoate metabolite) U.S. 810 53 7

Iprodione Chile 789 465 59

U.S. 969 268 28

Myclobutanil Chile 790 40 5

U.S. 968 351 36

Vinclozolin Chile 789 193 25

U.S. 967 3 0.3

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at Least 10% of Samples)

1994-1996 Distribution of Residues for Grape Samples

Originating in Chile vs. United States

Appendix M. Page 2 of 7
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

with Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Azinphos methyl Chile 364 218 60

U.S. 719 70 10

Benomyl Chile 369 155 42

U.S. 727 34 5

Chlorpyrifos Chile 364 86 24

U.S. 719 44 6

Dicloran Chile 364 11 3

U.S. 719 401 56

Fenbutatin oxide Chile 130 2 2

(1995-1996) U.S. 310 55 18

Iprodione Chile 364 276 76

U.S. 719 502 70

Parathion methyl Chile* 364 0 0

U.S. 719 303 42

Phosmet Chile 331 74 22

U.S. 655 120 18

Propargite Chile 364 33 9

U.S. 719 184 26

* The Chilean government stated that parathion methyl was not registered.

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at Least 10% of Samples)

1994-1996 Distribution of Residues for Peach Samples

Originating in Chile vs. United States

Appendix M. Page 3 of 7
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Residues 

Above Tolerance

# of Residues with 

NO Tolerance

GRAPES

Acephate U.S. 969 0 2

Chile 790 0 0

3-Hydroxycarbofuran U.S. 964 0 0

Chile 703 4 0

Chlorothalonil U.S. 764 0 0

Chile 667 0 1

Chlorpropham U.S. 969 0 0

Chile 790 0 1

Diphenylamine (DPA) U.S. 880 0 1

Chile 757 0 1

Fenvalerate U.S. 938 0 0

Chile 630 0 1

Hexachlorobenzene U.S. 969 0 0

 (Impurity of Quintozene) Chile 790 0 1

TOTALS U.S. 0 3

Chile 4 5

PEACHES

Chlorpropham U.S. 719 0 1

Chile 364 0 0

DCPA (Dacthal) U.S. 719 0 1

Chile 364 0 0

Dimethoate U.S. 719 0 2

Chile 364 0 3

Diphenylamine (DPA) U.S. 587 0 0

Chile 294 0 6

Imazalil U.S. 719 0 3

Chile 364 0 1

Methamidophos U.S. 719 0 0

Chile 364 0 1

Thiabendazole U.S. 719 0 6

Chile 364 0 6

TOTALS U.S. 0 13

Chile 0 17

Presumptive Tolerance Violations

1994-1996 Summary of Presumptive Tolerance Violations 

for Grapes and Peaches

United States / Chile

Appendix M. Page 4 of 7
Origin Year

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

# of Residues 

Detected

United States 1996 * 135 82 61 170

1997 498 292 59 565

1996-1997 633 374 59 735

Mexico 1996 * 34 28 82 86

1997 222 156 70 442

1996-1997 256 184 72 528

* Samples collected for only 3 months in 1996 (July, August and December).

NOTE: The Limit of Detections (LODs) for pesticide detections in tomatoes are listed in Appendix E.

1996-1997 Distribution of Residues for Tomatoes

United States Samples vs. Samples Originating in Mexico

Appendix M. Page 5 of 7
Pesticide

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Chlorpyrifos 222 83 37

617 24 4

Chlorothalonil 222 3 1

618 71 11

Endosulfans

 Endosulfan I 223 75 34

618 67 11

 Endosulfan II 223 97 43

631 90 14

 Endosulfan sulfate 223 81 36

631 83 13

Methamidophos 222 86 39

620 194 31

Permethrins 222 38 17

617 60 10

o-Phenylphenol 206 2 1

535 52 10

Origin

Mexico

U.S.

U.S.

Mexico

U.S.

Mexico

U.S.

Mexico

U.S.

Mexico

U.S.

1996-1997 Distribution of Residues for Tomato Samples

Originating in Mexico vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at Least 10% of Samples)

Mexico

U.S.

Mexico

U.S.

Mexico

Appendix M. Page 6 of 7
Pesticide

Country of 

Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Residues 

Above Tolerance

# of Residues with 

NO Tolerance

Acephate U.S. 617 0 5

Mexico 222 0 0

3-Hydroxycarbofuran U.S. 631 0 1

Mexico 223 0 0

Cypermethrin U.S. 277 0 0

Mexico 72 0 2

Diphenylamine (DPA) U.S. 616 0 3

Mexico 217 0 1

Fenamiphos and metabolites U.S. 631 0 0

Mexico 223 0 3

Iprodione U.S. 617 0 3

Mexico 222 0 3

Myclobutanil U.S. 631 0 0

Mexico 223 0 1

Vinclozolin U.S. 589 0 2

Mexico 218 0 4

TOTALS U.S. 0 14

Mexico 0 14

1996-1997 Summary of Presumptive Tolerance Violations for Tomatoes

United States / Mexico

Presumptive Tolerance Violations

Appendix M. Page 7 of 7
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