United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Agricultural 

Marketing 

Service 

Fruit and 

Vegetable 

Programs 

Fresh Products 

Branch

Celery 

Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions 

October 2005 
Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions For 

Celery 

These inspection instructions are specifically developed by the Fresh Products 

Branch to assist officially licensed inspectors in the interpretation and application of the 

U.S. Standards for Grades of Celery, Section 51.560. 

These instructions do not establish any substantial rule not legally authorized by 

the official grade standards. This publication supersedes any previously issued 

inspection instructions. 

Refer to the General Inspection Instructions for additional information pertaining 

to date, inspection point, carrier, condition of carrier, lading, etc. that is not covered in 

this handbook. (Reference to "General Inspection Instructions" in all Fresh Products 

Branch publications refers to any one or all of the following - General Shipping Point 

Inspection Instructions, General Market Inspection Instructions, or Fresh Fruit and 

Vegetable Certificate Writing Handbooks.) 

Any portion of these instructions beginning with the section number §51.--- and 

followed by bold print are sections or portions of sections copied directly from U.S. 

standards. The U.S. Standards for Grades of Celery are printed in the appendix of this 

handbook. All U.S. standards are available on the Internet under the USDA homepage. 

This replaces Shipping Point Inspection Instruction dated November 1987 and 

Market Inspection Instructions for Celery dated September 1965. 

October 2005 

This publication may be duplicated without authorization from USDA. 
i

Factors noted with (Q) are considered quality only. Factors noted with (C) are 

considered condition at market. Factors noted with (Q or C) may be quality or condition 

depending on the circumstances. Factors not designated do not pertain to either 

category. 

Table Of Contents 

GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 1

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING .................................................................................... 1

SIZE OF SAMPLE ............................................................................................................ 1

NUMBER OF SAMPLES .................................................................................................... 1

TOLERANCES AND APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES .............................................. 2

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES ........................................................................................ 2

NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE ................................................................................. 4

PRODUCT ...................................................................................................................... 4

NUMBER/TYPE OF CONTAINERS ...................................................................................... 5

BRANDS/MARKINGS ....................................................................................................... 5

ORIGIN .......................................................................................................................... 5

CONDITION OF PACK ................................................................................................... 6

TEMPERATURE OF PRODUCT .................................................................................... 6

SIZE ................................................................................................................................ 6

LENGTH OF STALKS ........................................................................................................ 7

CELERY HEARTS ........................................................................................................ 7

AVERAGE MIDRIB LENGTH .............................................................................................. 7

COUNT OF STALKS PER CONTAINER ................................................................................ 8

OFFSIZE SPECIMENS WHICH ARE ALSO DEFECTIVE ........................................................... 9

DEFECTS (QUALITY AND CONDITION) ..................................................................... 10

BITTERNESS (Q) .......................................................................................................... 10

BLACKHEART (C) ......................................................................................................... 10

BLIGHT (C) .................................................................................................................. 11

EARLY BLIGHT .......................................................................................................... 11

LATE BLIGHT ............................................................................................................ 11

BROWN STEM (C) ........................................................................................................ 11

CELERY MOSAIC (Q) .................................................................................................... 12

CLEANNESS (Q) ........................................................................................................... 12

COLOR OF MIDRIBS (Q) ................................................................................................ 13

COLOR OF TOPS OR LEAVES (C) ................................................................................... 13

COMPACTNESS (Q) ...................................................................................................... 14
ii

GROWTH CRACKS (Q) .................................................................................................. 15

HORIZONTAL CRACKS (Q) ............................................................................................. 15

CRACKED STEM (Q) ..................................................................................................... 16

CRACKED BRANCHES (Q) ............................................................................................. 16

CRATER BLOTCH (Q) .................................................................................................... 16

DEVELOPMENT OF STALKS (Q) ...................................................................................... 17

DISCOLORATION (Q) ..................................................................................................... 18

DISCOLORATION OF BUTT (Q) ....................................................................................... 18

DOUBLES (Q) .............................................................................................................. 19

FIELD FREEZING (BLISTERING AND PEELING) (Q) ............................................................ 19

FREEZING AND FREEZING INJURY (C) ............................................................................ 19

FRESHNESS (C) ........................................................................................................... 20

HOLLOW CROWN (Q) ................................................................................................... 20

INSECTS AND WORMS (Q OR C) .................................................................................... 20

MECHANICAL INJURY (CRUSHED OR BROKEN) (Q OR C) .................................................. 21

PITHY BRANCHES (Q OR C) .......................................................................................... 22

SCARRED BRANCHES (Q) ............................................................................................. 23

SCUFFED AND DISCOLORED (C) .................................................................................... 23

SEEDSTEMS (Q) ........................................................................................................... 23

SHAPE OF STALKS (Q) .................................................................................................. 24

SIMILAR VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS (Q) ...................................................................... 25

SPOTTED WILT (Q) ...................................................................................................... 25

SUCKERS (Q) .............................................................................................................. 25

TRIMMING (Q) .............................................................................................................. 25

SOFT ROT (C) ............................................................................................................. 26

APPENDIX I -- U. S. GRADE STANDARDS ................................................................ 27

UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF CELERY ................................................. 27

APPENDIX II NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE EXAMPLES .................................... 43
1

CELERY IDENTIFICATION CHART 
1

GENERAL 

Celery is available year round. There are two types of stalk celery, self-blanching 

or yellow, and green or Pascal celery. In North America, Pascal or green stalk celery is 

the most common. 

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING 

The importance of obtaining representative samples cannot be over emphasized. 

Accurate certification is possible only if the samples examined are truly representative 

of the entire lot or accessible portion. All portions of a lot or load should receive the 

same attention in sampling regardless of the difficulty involved in reaching all layers or 

parts of a lot or load. Anytime the entire lot requested is not accessible for sampling, 

the inspection and certificate must be restricted to the accessible portion. 

Size of Sample 

The tolerances in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Celery are determined on the 

basis of count. 

The entire contents of the carton shall be the sample. Celery frequently has the 

stalks (bunches) individually wrapped in film bags; all wrapping material must be 

removed to properly examine the celery. 

Clipped Celery (Celery Hearts) packed 2 to 3 stalks (bunches) per film bag is 

considered to be a consumer package. The film bag in this case is the unit of 

inspection instead of the master container. The sample size will be the number of stalks 

(bunches) that are in each bag. 

Number of Samples 

As a general rule a minimum of 1% of the lot must be examined. For lots of less 

than 300 packages a minimum of 3 samples must be examined. It is the inspector’s 

responsibility to examine additional representative samples when the quality, condition, 

or size in samples is decidedly different to ensure an accurate description of the lot. 
2

TOLERANCES AND APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES 

§51.560 U.S. Extra No. 1, §51.561 U.S. No. 1, §51.562 U.S. No. 2...(c) In 

order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, 

the following tolerances shall be permitted: 

(1) For defects. 10 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks, which fail 

to meet the requirements of the grade, including therein not more 

than 2 percent for soft rot; 

(2) For off-length stalks. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks 

which fail to meet the minimum length required or specified; and, 

(3) For off-length midribs. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks 

which fail to meet the requirements as to average midrib length. 

 U.S. Extra No. 1, U.S. No. 1, 

U.S. No. 2

Total defects 10% 

Including soft rot 2% 

 

Minimum length stalks 5% 

Minimum average midrib length 5% 

Application of Tolerances 

§51.565 Application of tolerances. (a) The contents of individual 

packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the 

following limitations: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot 

are within the tolerances specified: 

(1) For packages which contain 20 specimens or more and a 

tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided, individual packages in 

any lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the 

tolerance specified. For packages which contain 20 specimens or 

more and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is provided, individual 
3

packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified 

except that at least one defective and one off-size specimen may be 

permitted in any package; and, 

(2) For packages which contain less than 20 specimens, individual 

packages in any lot may contain not more than double the tolerance 

specified, except that at least one defective and one off-size 

specimen may be permitted in any package: Provided, That for 

packages which contain 6 specimens or less, individual packages in 

any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects: And 

provided further, That not more than one specimen which is affected 

by decay or otherwise seriously damaged and one off-size specimen 

may be permitted in any package. 

For packages which contain 20 or more specimens 

 U.S. Extra No. 1, U.S. No. 1, 

U.S. No. 2

Total defects 10% x 1-1/2 = 15%

Including soft rot 2% x 2 = 4%

Minimum length stalks 5% x 2 = 10%

Minimum average midrib length 5% x 2 = 10%

For packages which contain less than 20 specimens 

 U.S. Extra No. 1, U.S. No. 1, 

U.S. No. 2

Total defects 10% x 2 = 20%

Including soft rot 2% x 2 = 4%

Minimum length stalks 5% x 2 = 10%

Minimum average midrib length 5% x 2 = 10%
4

For packages which contain 6 specimens or less 

No restriction as to the percentage of defects, except that not more than 1 

specimen which is affected by decay or serious damage and one off-size specimen may 

be permitted in any package. 

NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE 

Entries on the notesheet and certificate must be kept in a legible and accurate 

manner. It is mandatory that all information which appears on the certificate be 

supported by information on the notesheet. It is the responsibility of the inspector to 

ensure that all information is properly recorded. Notations shall be recorded so that 

anyone familiar with inspection procedures can interpret them and write a certificate. 

Also remember that notesheets and certificates are prima facie evidence and must be 

able to withstand legal scrutiny. 

Detailed instructions pertaining to date, inspection point, place of inspection, type 

of carrier, lading, etc., which are not covered by these instructions may be found in the 

General Inspection Instructions. Additional information and instructions may be given 

by your supervisor. 

Product 

The common name “Celery” shall be used to describe this commodity in the 

product heading. Type may be reported in conjunction with “Celery” or may be reported 

in the “Product/Variety” section on the shipping point inspection certificates or in the “Lot 

ID” section on market notesheet and certificate. 

Celery that is clipped to 7 to 10 inches in length and packed 2 or 3 stalks 

(bunches) to a film bag in 12 and 18 count cartons commonly referred to as celery 

hearts by the industry, shall be reported as “Celery, clipped.” 

Terms For Describing Celery

The following terms are used in describing celery: 

Stalk means an individual plant consisting of branches, heart, and leaves. 

Branch means the sub-division of a stalk that consists of the edible stem-like 

portion including the midrib and the tops or leaves. 

Midrib is the portion of a branch between the point of attachment to the roots 

and the first node. 

Node is the joint of the leaf stem to the main stem or branch. 
5

Bunch means a number of stalks tied into a bundle. 

Number/Type of Containers 

The number of containers shall always be reported. In the market and at 

shipping point locations for stationary lot certification, the inspector shall always verify 

the container count provided by the applicant for each lot and report it as the 

“inspector’s count.” If the number of containers available for inspection does not match 

the application it is the inspector’s responsibility to confirm that the amount presented 

for inspection constitutes the lot. If an accurate count cannot be determined the 

inspector may report the count at someone else’s authority. However, the reason for 

doing so must be reported on the notesheet (e.g., numerous pallets with mixed 

product.) 

At shipping point locations for “days-run” certification the applicant generally 

provides a manifest for count and it is acceptable to use this for the number of 

containers. 

Celery is usually packed and shipped in 24, 30, and 36 count wax cartons. 

“Celery, clipped,” commonly referred to as celery hearts by the industry are 

typically clipped to 7 to 10 inches in length and are packed 2 or 3 stalks to a film bag in 

12 and 18 count cartons. 

Brands/Markings 

The brand, variety, size, count, grade, weight, point of origin, and other important 

information appearing on the container should be reported on the notesheet in the 

“Brands/Markings” section. Only the brand name and other key markings necessary to 

properly identify the lot for certification should appear in this section on the certificate. 

Origin 

The inspectors should not make a positive statement on their own authority, but 

when container markings list the state or country of origin, it should be quoted in the 

appropriate space on the notesheet and the certificate. If origin is not marked, it is the 

inspector’s responsibility to make an effort to obtain this information from the applicant. 

This policy is necessary because some firms may use one mark on the same product 

packed in several states. The inspector can certify only to the marks and has no means 

of verifying what state or country the celery is grown. 
6

CONDITION OF PACK 

Celery is generally packed in cartons. The following terms shall be used to 

describe the tightness of the pack: 

Very tight means a condition that is too tight for best results and in which stalks 

may become damaged or severely bruised. 

Tight means that the containers are completely filled and so tightly packed that 

additional stalks cannot be included without damage to the contents. 

Fairly tight means that the containers are apparently full, but additional stalks 

can be inserted without damage to the contents. 

Slack means the container is not sufficiently filled to prevent the movement of 

the stalks. Whenever the term slack is used, it should be described in fractions of an 

inch or inches. 

TEMPERATURE OF PRODUCT 

Inspectors would not normally determine or report temperatures at shipping 

point. However, due to the importance of the pulp temperature of fresh fruits and 

vegetables when in transit or at destination, it is essential that the inspector accurately 

determine and report the temperature or range in temperatures on each lot. Pulp 

temperature should be reported regardless of the location of the product, whether in the 

carrier, warehouse, or stacked on the platform. Remember to pre-cool the thermometer 

in order to obtain true readings. Report all temperatures to the nearest whole degree. 

A minimum of three temperatures for each lot must be taken and recorded on the 

notesheet. More temperatures must be taken if the lot is abnormally cold, heated, or 

there is a specific request for temperature. The location in the lot and/or load must be 

specified in greater detail when additional temperatures are taken. 

SIZE 

The length of the stalk and the average midrib length shall be reported under the 

“Size” section of the scoresheet, and in the “Other” section of the FV-300 certificate, or 

the “Lot Description” section of an electronic FV-300 certificate. 
7

Length of Stalks 

§51.579 "Length of stalk" means the distance from where the root is 

cut off to a point which represents the average length of the longest 

branches. 

§51.560 U.S. Extra No. 1, §51.561 U.S. No. 1, and §51.562 U.S. No. 

2...(b) Unless otherwise specified in connection with the grade, 

stalks shall be of such length as to extend from one side, end or 

bottom of the container to within 1-1/2 inches of the corresponding 

opposite side, end or top of the container. Such measurement shall 

not include the bulge. In any container when stalk length is 

specified, it shall be the minimum length in terms of whole inches of 

even number, as 12 inches, 14 inches, etc., in accordance with the 

facts. 

If the requirement for length specified in the standards is met, it will not be 

necessary to report the stalk length in connection with the grade. However, if this 

requirement is not met, the lot should be reported either failing to grade account under 

length stalks or as meeting a specified stalk length other than that normal to the 

container. 

Example: U.S. No. 1, 14-inch stalks; or 

Example: Fails to grade U.S. No. 1, 8-inch stalks account under length stalks. 

If the applicant specifies a stalk length, it shall be reported in connection with the 

grade. 

Celery Hearts

Celery hearts are celery stalks that are clipped below the node and packaged in 

film bags containing from 2 to 3 bunches per bag. Celery hearts may be shipped in 

various size containers. There may be little relation between the stalk length and the 

size of the container. In such case the stalk length shall be specified in connection with 

the grade. 

Average Midrib Length 

§51.577 "Average midrib length" means the average length of all the 

branches in the outer whorl measured from the point of attachment 

at the base to the first node. 
8

§51.560 U.S. Extra No. 1...(a) The average midrib length of the outer 

whorl of branches shall be not less than 7 inches. 

§51.561 U.S. No. 1...(a) Unless otherwise specified, the average 

midrib length of the outer whorl of branches shall be not less than 6 

inches. 

§51.562 U.S. No. 2...(a) Unless otherwise specified, the average 

midrib length of the outer whorl of branches shall be not less than 4 

inches. 

GRADE AVERAGE MIDRIB LENGTH 

U.S. Extra No. 1 7 inches minimum average 

U.S. No. 1 6 inches minimum average UOS* 

U.S. No. 2 4 inches minimum average UOS* 

*UOS (unless otherwise specified) 

Average midrib length is specified in the standards and must be determined 

when performing a quality and condition inspection. 

When the midrib length is “otherwise specified” it must be reported in connection 

with the grade statement. 

Example: U.S. No. 1, 4-inch midrib. 

Example: Fails to grade U.S. No. 1, 4-inch midrib account under length 

midribs. 

Count of Stalks Per Container 

§51.564 Requirements as to count. (a) The number of stalks of celery 

in the container may be specified by numerical count or in terms of 

dozens or half-dozens. Variations from the number specified shall 

be permitted as follows: Provided, That the average for the lot is not 

less than the number specified: 
9

Specified number per 

individual package 

VARIATIONS PERMITTED 

IN INDIVIDUAL PACKAGES

 

24 stalks or less 1 stalk variation. 

25 to 50 stalks, inclusive 3 stalk variation. 

51 to 70 stalks, inclusive 4 stalk variation. 

More than 70 stalks 5 stalk variation. 

 

The count of stalks per container must be certified when the count is marked on 

the container or at applicants request. If a lot is found to conform to the requirements 

for count, it will not be necessary to make a statement in connection with the grade 

unless specifically requested to do so by the applicant, in which case a statement 

“Conforms to marked count” may be made. If an individual carton varies in count, either 

more or less, from the permitted variations, the carton must be reported as not 

conforming to count marked even though the entire lot would average within the counts 

marked. Use general terms to describe cartons that do not conform to marked count in 

relation to cartons that conform to marked count on the notesheet and certificate. For 

example: report in the “Other” section of the FV-300 certificate, or the “Lot Description” 

section of an electronic FV-300, as “Most cartons conform to marked count, many 

cartons 5 to 7 stalks more than marked count.” 

If the lot averages less than the marked count the lot fails to meet the 

requirements as to marked or specified count, and this fact must be reported in 

connection with the grade statement. If the lot averages more than the specified count 

per carton the lot would “conform to marked count.” 

Example: U.S. No. 1. Lot fails to meet count as marked. 

Offsize Specimens Which Are Also Defective 

It should be remembered that undersized stalks which are also defective may be 

scored three times; first for stalk length, second for midrib length, and third for grade 

defects. The grades have separate tolerances for each factor. Generally the 

percentage of off-size specimens that are also defective will be negligible, and will make 

no material difference in the grade certification. When the percentage of off-size 

specimens that are also defective amounts to 1% or more, the percentage of defective 

stalks which are also undersize must be reported. Report this information in the "Other" 
10

section on market certificates and in the "Description of Product" section on shipping 

point certificates. 

Example: 3% undersize included in 8% quality defects. 

DEFECTS (QUALITY AND CONDITION) 

Statements pertaining to freshness, maturity, shape, color, the amount and type 

of defects, and the amount of decay are shown under the appropriate headings. 

Factors noted with (Q) are considered as QUALITY only (Quality, sometimes 

referred to as “permanent” defects) means defects which do not change during 

storage or shipment (shape, scars, etc.). 

Factors noted with (C) shall be reported as CONDITION on market certificates. 

(Condition defects are defects which are subject to change during shipment or 

storage, including but not limited to bruising, discoloration, shriveling and decay). 

Those factors noted with (Q or C) may be considered as QUALITY or 

CONDITION, depending on the circumstances. 

Bitterness (Q) 

Celery, by nature, has a slight bitter taste. Though the bitterness has been bred 

out of celery over the years, celery with a decidedly bitter flavor may be encountered. 

Celery with an offensive bitter taste can be objectionable from an edible standpoint. 

Scoring Guide 

Celery that has an offensively bitter taste shall be described as “bitter stalks” and 

scored against the total tolerance for the grade that is being applied. 

Blackheart (C) 

Blackheart is caused by a calcium deficiency generally resulting from a lack of 

water. It is first manifested by the margins of some of the heartleaves showing 

yellowish-brown, water soaked, translucent areas. In the more advanced stages many 

leaves, or the entire area of the heartleaves become affected. Later these areas 

become brown to black in color. 
11

Scoring Guide 

Celery is required to be free from blackheart and any amount shall be 

scored as serious damage. 

Blight (C) 

Early and Late Blight are caused by two closely related, but different types 

of fungi. Celery grown in fields that have had blight in previous years, or from 

seed that has been infected with the fungi is susceptible to blight. 

Early Blight

Early Blight appears as spots that are slate gray to tan in color with the 

outer edges darker. Generally only the leaf area is affected, rarely the branches. 

Early Blight can be spread in the field from infected plants to healthy ones by air 

or splashing water. Development of Early Blight is more favorable during periods 

with high temperatures and high humidity. 

Scoring Guide 

Score stalks as damage when the tops of more than one branch is slightly 

affected or when any midrib is more than slightly affected. Score as serious 

damage when the tops of more than two braches are slightly affected. 

Late Blight

Late Blight is readily distinguished by the fact that the characteristic 

discolored spots are smaller and shiny black dots or pimples (pycnidia) occurring 

on the affected areas. The spots vary from dark green to brown in color. 

Development of Late Blight is more favorable during rainy, wet growing seasons. 

Scoring Guide 

Score stalks as damage when the tops of more than one branch are 

slightly affected or when any midrib is more than slightly affected. Score as 

serious damage when the tops of more than two branches are slightly affected. 

Brown Stem (C) 

Brown stem occurs as a browning and pitting of the tissues immediately 

beneath the epidermis of the outer leaf stalks. 

Revised, March 2006, HU-151-3(a) 

Page 11, Celery, Shipping Point and Market 

Inspection Instructions, October 2005 

****

****
12

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(g) Disease: (1) Brown stem...when materially 

affecting more than 2 branches, or when the aggregate area exceeds 

two-thirds of a square inch on the branches; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(g) Disease: (1) Brown stem...when 

seriously affecting more than 4 branches, or when the aggregate 

area exceeds 1 square inch on the branches; 

Celery Mosaic (Q) 

Celery mosaic is caused by plant viruses that are spread from plant to plant by 

feeding insects. Celery mosaic appears on the leaf stalks as brownish or buff-colored, 

sunken, translucent spots contrasting with the rest of the stalk. Celery mosaic may also 

cause the stalk to be stunted and/or otherwise deformed. 

Scoring Guide 

Score stalks as damage when more than one square inch is affected on any 

branch or branches. Score as serious damage when more than 3 square inches is 

affected on any branch or branches. 

Cleanness (Q) 

U.S. Extra No. 1 is required to be “Clean.” 

U.S. No. 1 is required to be “Free from damage caused by dirt.” 

U.S. No. 2 is required to be “Free from serious damage caused by dirt.” 

§51.570 “Clean” means that the stalk is practically free from dirt or 

other foreign material. Stalks shall be permitted to have a small 

amount of dirt on the inside of the branches or in the heart branches 

which cannot be removed by good commercial methods of washing. 

Scoring Guide

§51.573 Damage...(e) Dirt when there is caked dirt on the stalk, or 

when dirt is present between the branches to the extent that the 

appearance is materially affected; 
13

§51.586 Serious damage...(e) Dirt when dirt is badly caked on the 

stalk; 

Color of Midribs (Q) 

All of the celery grades require that the midribs shall be green color unless they 

are specified as “Fairly Well Blanched” or “Mixed Blanch.” If the midrib color of the stalk 

is not lighter than light green, the stalk shall be considered as meeting the color required 

of green celery. The following terms shall be used to describe the color of midribs: 

§51.574 “Green” means that the middle portions of the outer 

branches on the stalk are generally green to light green color. 

§51.575 “Fairly well blanched” means that the midrib portions of the 

outer branches on the stalk are generally of a creamy white to pale 

green color. 

§51.576 “Mixed blanch” consists of green and fairly well blanched 

stalks of celery in the same container. 

Scoring Guide 

Score as damage when the stalks are lighter than light green, unless 

the lot is specified as “Fairly Well Blanched” or “Mixed Blanch.” 

If certifying “Mixed Blanch” the midrib color shall be reported in general terms. 

Example: Most celery green, some fairly well blanched. 

The proportion of the cartons with the various stalk color shall be reported in 

general terms. 

Example: Most cartons celery is green, some cartons mixed blanch. 

Color of Tops or Leaves (C) 

Yellow leaves or tops, which frequently develop during the blanching process in 

the field, or in storage and transit, should not be considered as damage. The following 

terms shall be used to describe the color of the tops: 

• Green means that the leaves have a good shade of green color. 
14

• Light Green means that the leaves show a light shade of green color. 

• Turning Yellow means that the leaves are showing some yellow. 

• Yellow means that the leaves are yellow. 

Scoring Guide 

Brown dead leaves shall be scored as damage when materially affecting the 

appearance of the stalk. Score as serious damage when seriously affecting the 

appearance of the stalk. 

Note: Discoloration of the tops or leaves associated with early blight, late blight, 

or spotted wilt shall be scored using the scoring guide for that particular defect. 

Compactness (Q) 

Compactness describes the closeness of the stalks throughout the length of the 

branches in the stalk. 

U.S. Extra No. 1 requires branches to be compact. 

U.S. No. 1 requires branches to be fairly compact. 

U.S. No. 2 has no requirement for this factor. 

§51.572 “Compact” means that the branches on the stalk are fairly 

close together throughout most of their length. 

§ 51.582 “Fairly compact” means that the branches on the stalk are 

reasonably close together throughout most of their length. 

Scoring Guide

U.S. Extra No. 1 celery that does not meet the requirements of “compact” shall 

be reported as “not compact” and scored as damage. If branches of average length, at 

or near the first nodes, are approximately 4 times as wide as the widest portion of the 

stalk, measured at a point approximately 3 to 4 inches above the point of attachment of 

the branches to the root, the stalk shall be reported as “badly spread,” and scored as 

serious damage. 

U.S. No. 1 celery that does not meet the requirements of “fairly compact” shall be 

reported as “not fairly compact” and scored as damage. If branches of average length, 

at or near the first nodes, are approximately 4 times as wide as the widest portion of the 

stalk, measured at a point approximately 3 to 4 inches above the point of attachment of 
15

the branches to the root, the stalk shall be reported as “badly spread,” and scored as 

serious damage. 

Refer to visual aids, Illustrations CEL 8 and CEL 9 located in the standards, for 

sketches illustrating compactness. 

Growth Cracks (Q) 

Growth cracks are vertical cracks generally occurring at the point of attachment 

of the branch to the butt of the stalk. Growth cracks are believed to be caused by very 

rapid growth of the celery. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(a) Growth cracks when more than 2 branches are 

affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or 

when more than 6 branches have growth cracks; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(a) Growth cracks when more than 4 

branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch 

in length, or when more than 8 branches have growth cracks; 

Horizontal Cracks (Q) 

Horizontal cracks are often found on the midribs of branches. These cracks are 

usually small and cause no waste. However, they can also be large or numerous 

enough to affect appearance. 

Scoring Guide

§51.573 Damage...(b) Horizontal cracks when more than 3 branches 

have horizontal cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or 

when more than 6 branches have horizontal cracks; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(b) Horizontal cracks when more than 5 

branches have horizontal cracks which are over one-half inch in 

length, or when more than 8 branches have horizontal cracks; 
16

Cracked Stem (Q) 

Cracked stem can appear on either the inside or outside part of the branch as a 

cracked area that either has a corked over appearance, which generally occurs on the 

inside of the branch, or as small cracks between ribs that appear with the tissue curling 

back and turning brown, which only occurs on the outside of the branch. 

Scoring Guide

§51.573 Damage...(g) Disease: (1)...cracked stem...when materially 

affecting more than 2 branches, or when the aggregate area exceeds 

two-thirds of a square inch on the branches; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(g) Disease: (1)...cracked stem...when 

seriously affecting more than 4 branches, or when the aggregate 

area exceeds 1 square inch on the branches; 

Cracked Branches (Q) 

Cracks on the branches of the stalk, either lengthwise or crosswise, and 

generally occurring on the inner side of the midrib, may damage the appearance of the 

stalk. This condition is believed to be due to an improper supply of some element in the 

soil such as boron or some other mineral. 

Scoring Guide 

The number of cracks, their location, depth, and the area affected, as well as the 

number of branches affected must be considered in determining when a stalk is 

damaged or seriously damaged. Score as damage when more than 2 branches show 

material cracking. Score as serious damage when more than 4 branches are seriously 

affected. 

Crater Blotch (Q) 

Crater Blotch first appears as small, soft, watery, straw colored to brownish spots 

on the inside of the branches. Later the affected tissues dry out and collapse resulting 

in concave, crater-like depressions, or sunken pits that are dark brown in color with 

usually sharply defined edges. 
17

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(g) Disease: (1)...crater blotch when materially 

affecting more than 2 branches, or when the aggregate area exceeds 

two-thirds of a square inch on the branches; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(g) Disease: (1)...crater blotch when 

seriously affecting more than 4 branches, or when the aggregate 

area exceeds 1 square inch on the branches; 

Development of Stalks (Q) 

Development of stalks refers to the width and thickness of the branches in 

relation to the length of the midribs and type of celery and also as to heart formation. 

U.S. Extra No. 1 is required to be “Well developed.” 

U.S. No. 1 is required to be “Fairly well developed.” 

U.S. No. 2 is required to be “Reasonably well developed.” 

§51.568 “Well developed” means that the branches are of good width 

and thickness in relation to the length of midribs and type of celery 

and that the heart branches are of reasonable number, length and 

stockiness. 

§51.580 “Fairly well developed” means that the branches are of fairly 

good width and thickness in relation to the length of midribs and 

type of celery and that there is not excessive open space in the 

center of the stalk. 

Fairly well developed require no heart branches provided the inner branches are 

close together. 

§51.583 “Reasonably well developed” means that the branches are of 

reasonable width and thickness in relation to the length of midribs 

and type of celery. 

Reasonably well developed require no heart formation and open space may 

occur at the center of the stalk. 
18

Scoring Guide 

U.S. Extra No. 1 celery that fails to meet the requirements of “Well developed” 

shall be scored as “Not well developed” against the total tolerance for the grade. 

U.S. No. 1 celery that fails to meet the requirements of “Fairly well developed” 

shall be scored as “Not fairly well developed” against the total tolerance for the grade. 

U.S. No. 2 celery that fails to meet the requirements of “Reasonably well 

developed” shall be scored as “Not reasonably well developed” against the total 

tolerance for the grade. 

Refer to visual aids, Illustrations CEL 6 and CEL 7 located in the standards, for 

sketches illustrating development. 

Discoloration (Q) 

Discoloration occurs as lines on the vascular ridges on the outer side of the 

branches and as blotched or solid areas on the inner side. It ranges from barely visible 

to a dark shade of brown. Only the distinctly discolored areas and lines are to be 

considered. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(2) Discoloration when each of more than 2 

branches or 1/4 of the branches of the stalk, whichever is less, has 

more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring 

on the outer side of the branch or an aggregate area of more than 1/4 

by 1 inch of blotch or solid type discoloration occurring on the inner 

side; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(2) Discoloration when each of more than 

5 branches or 1/2 of the branches of the stalk, whichever is less, has 

more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring 

on the outer side of the branch or an aggregate area of more than 1/4 

by 1 inch of blotch or solid type discoloration occurring on the inner 

side; 

Discoloration of Butt (Q) 

Butt discoloration appears as a dark grayish brown to black area in the center of 

the trimmed end of the butt and often will extend up towards the crown a short distance. 

This discoloration is due to absorption of soil stain in excessively wet growing 

conditions. 
19

Scoring Guide 

Butt discoloration rarely affects the shipping or edible quality of the celery. It 

shall be scored as damage when the discoloration seriously affects the appearance of 

the stalk. 

Doubles (Q) 

Doubles are two separate stalks of celery that are still connected at the base. 

Scoring Guide

Doubles are to be scored as damage when they are not separated and when the 

appearance of the stalk is materially affected; or, if separated and either of the stalks is 

badly curved. Score as serious damage if the inner branches are not fairly well 

protected. 

Field Freezing (Blistering and Peeling) (Q) 

The injury caused by field freezing may vary from slight to severe. Severe 

freezing may cause the branches to have a dark, discolored, water-soaked appearance 

or to become pithy. Freezing damage of a lesser degree may appear as a blistering of 

the epidermis with no dark discoloration. 

Scoring Guide 

Score as damage when the midribs of more than 2 branches are severely 

blistered or the midrib of more than 1 branch is materially discolored and describe the 

defect as blistering and peeling and/or discolored according to the facts. Score as 

serious damage when the midribs of more than 4 branches show severe blistering or 

the midribs of more than 2 branches are materially discolored. 

Freezing and Freezing Injury (C) 

The term “frozen” should only be used when ice crystals are present. Frozen 

celery will be “dull, glassy, and translucent” in comparison to unaffected celery. 

“Freezing injury” is the term that should be used when it is evident that the celery 

has been frozen, but are not in a frozen condition at the time of inspection. The affected 

celery may be flabby, watery, and/or translucent. 

Use the following procedures when reporting freezing or freezing injury: 

• Record pulp temperatures taken at various locations. 
20

• Determine and record extent of the injury in the load. 

• Determine and record extent of the injury in the containers. 

• Determine and record the degree to which individual specimens are affected. 

• Describe the pattern of freezing or freezing injury in clear, concise terms.

When the location of injury indicates where or when the freezing occurred, this is to 

be stated. For example: “Freezing injury so located as to indicate freezing occurred 

after packing but not in present location.” 

Freshness (C) 

Celery is generally fresh and crisp unless it has been left in a warm place for an 

extended period, or it has been in storage for an excessive length of time. 

The U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 grades are required to be free from damage 

by wilting. 

The U.S. No. 2 grade is required to be free from serious damage by wilting. 

Scoring guide 

Celery that has lost freshness to the point of becoming wilted shall be reported 

as “wilted,” and scored as damage. Celery that has become flabby shall be reported as 

“flabby,” and scored as serious damage. 

Hollow Crown (Q) 

Hollow crown occurs as a cavity in the main root and is quite prevalent in fields 

where water has stood for some time following heavy rains. The walls of the cavity are 

usually calloused and brown like a growth crack. 

Scoring Guide 

Score as damage when the cavity is large or extends into the heart area of the 

stalk. These cavities should be checked carefully to determine if soft rot is also present. 

If soft rot is found, it should be scored against the tolerance for soft rot. 

Insects and Worms (Q or C) 

Various types of insects can affect celery in a variety of ways. Different types of 

worms may feed on the celery by chewing or burrowing into the branches, causing the 
21

celery to have an undesirable appearance. Aphids may also affect the top and heart 

leaves of the celery causing the appearance to be affected. 

Aphids: They do not appear on the stalks as do worms or chew on the midribs. 

However, when present in material amounts, they are objectionable. When aphids are 

a factor, it is especially important the inspection be made where ample light is present. 

Leaf Miners: Small yellowish larvae that mine just beneath the epidermis, 

producing channels of dead tissue that show up as white trails, tunnels, or blisters on 

the leaves, leaf petioles, and/or midribs. On the midribs it is seen on both the inner and 

outer surfaces. Leaves have a blistered appearance. 

Worms: The most common are the tier worm and the cutworm. The tier worm 

will typically affect the upper branches and is indicated by the presence of small webs 

spun among the leaves. The cutworm will typically affect the lower branches. To detect 

the cutworm it is usually necessary to spread the branches apart. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(h) Insects when worms are present, or when 

insect injury occurs on heart branches, or when insect injury affects 

the midrib portion of more than 2 branches, or when injury on other 

portions materially affects the appearance of the stalk; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(h) Insects when worms are present, or 

when insect injury affects the midrib portion of more than 4 

branches, or when injury on other portions seriously affects the 

appearance of the stalk; 

Live insects or worms shall be reported as condition; if dead, report as quality. If 

you have both live and dead insects or worms, report all as condition. 

Mechanical Injury (Crushed or Broken) (Q or C) 

Mechanical injury generally refers to crushed, broken, or bruised branches 

caused by rough handling in the packing operations. It may also be caused by the root 

being cut off too close leaving the branches without support. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(i) Mechanical injury when the root has been cut 

off too closely leaving the branches without support; when more 

than 2 branches are materially scuffed or bruised; when the 

branches have been broken above the first node to an extent which 

materially affects the appearance; or when more than 2 branches are 
22

broken below the first node except that all branches may be cut 

below the first node provided the stalk is of the length specified. 

§51.586 Serious damage...(i) Mechanical injury when the root has 

been cut off too closely leaving the branches without support; when 

more than 4 branches are materially scuffed or bruised; when the 

branches have been broken above the first node to an extent which 

seriously affects the appearance; or when more than 4 branches are 

broken below the first node except all branches may be cut below 

the first node provided the stalk is of the length specified. 

Note: Freshly broken, crushed, or bruised stalks shall be scored as a condition 

factor en route or at destination. 

Pithy Branches (Q or C) 

A branch that is pithy cannot be determined externally; the branches must be cut 

or broken in order to determine the degree of pithiness on the inside of the branch. 

Branches also may be soft and collapse when squeezed. Pithy branches have an open 

internal texture with distinct air spaces. Pithiness may be caused by a number of 

factors; including freezing in the field, and often develops very rapidly after the celery 

has thawed out. 

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(c) Pithy branches when more than 2 are pithy in 

that portion of the midrib between a point 1-1/2 inches above the 

point of attachment to the base and the first node, or between a point 

1-1/2 inches below the first node and the point of attachment to the 

base, or when pith occurs at both ends of the midrib and more than a 

total of 1-1/2 inches is affected: Provided, That stalks having 6 outer 

branches or less shall have not more than one-third of the outer 

branches affected by pith as described above; 

§51.586 Serious damage...(c) Pithy branches when more than 4 are 

pithy in that portion of the midrib between a point 1-1/2 inches above 

the point of attachment to the base and the first node, or between a 

point 1-1/2 inches below the first node and the point of attachment to 

the base, or when pith occurs at both ends of the midrib and more 

than a total of 1-1/2 inches is affected: Provided, That stalks having 

6 outer branches or less shall have not more than one-half of the 

outer branches affected by pith as described above; 
23

Pithy branches are generally scored as a condition factor; however, they may be 

considered a quality factor if there is reason to believe that the pithiness did not develop 

after packing. 

Refer to visual aid, Illustration of Definition of Pithy Branch, located in the 

standards. 

Scarred Branches (Q) 

Scarred branches may affect the appearance of the stalk. The number of scars 

and their location, texture, and the area affected, as well as the number of branches 

affected must be considered in determining when a stalk is damaged or seriously 

damaged.

Scoring Guide 

Score scarring as damage when more than 2 branches show material scarring. 

Score as serious damage when more than 4 branches are seriously affected. 

Scuffed and Discolored (C) 

Scuffing of branches followed by discoloration sometimes occurs due to rough 

handling. It appears as flattened, discolored, or bruised areas on the outer midribs as a 

result of rubbing or pressure. This condition is often not readily apparent at time of 

packing, but may later show discoloration ranging from gray to black. 

Scoring Guide 

Score as damage when more than 2 branches are materially scuffed or bruised 

so that the appearance of the stalk is damaged. Score as serious damage when 

seriously affecting the appearance of the stalk. 

Seedstems (Q) 

In normal stalks of celery in which seedstems have not developed, the branches 

all originate at one point on the base of the plant. When seedstems develop, the 

branches have a tendency to grow out of the center at points above the base; this 

condition is apparent only when the seedstems are well advanced. 

The length of the seedstem shall be measured from the point of attachment of 

outer branches at the base of the stalk to the top of the actual seedstem exclusive of 

any leaves or leafstems attached to the top of the seedstems. 
24

Scoring Guide 

§51.573 Damage...(d) Seedstems when the length of seedstem 

exceeds twice the diameter of the stalk or 8 inches in length (see 

§§51.587 and 51.588); 

§51.586 Serious damage...(d) Seedstems when the length of 

seedstem exceeds 3 times the diameter of the stalk (see §§51.587 

and 51.588); 

Refer to visual aids, photographs CEL-1-Ident and CEL-2-Ident on seedstems. 

Shape of Stalks (Q) 

U.S. Extra No. 1 is required to be “Well formed.” 

U.S. No. 1 is required to be “Fairly well formed.” 

U.S. No. 2 is required to be “Reasonably well formed.” 

§51.569 “Well formed” means that the branches are fairly straight 

and not more than slightly curved or twisted. 

§51.581 “Fairly well formed” means that the branches are reasonably 

straight and not more than moderately curved or twisted. 

§51.584 “Reasonably well formed” means that the branches are not 

crooked, curved or twisted to the extent that the appearance of the 

stalk is seriously affected. 

Scoring Guide

U.S. Extra No. 1 celery that does not meet the requirements of “well formed” 

shall be reported as “not well formed,” and scored against the total tolerance for the 

grade. 

U.S. No. 1 celery that does not meet the requirements of “fairly well formed” shall 

be reported as “not fairly well formed,” and scored against the total tolerance for the 

grade. 

U.S. No. 2 celery that does not meet the requirements of “reasonably well 

formed” shall be reported as “not reasonably well formed,” and scored against the total 

tolerance for the grade. 
25

Refer to visual aids, Illustrations CEL 1 to CEL 5 located in the standards, for 

sketches illustrating form. 

Similar Varietal Characteristics (Q) 

All three grades require celery to be of “Similar varietal characteristics.” 

§51.567 “Similar varietal characteristics” means that the stalks in any 

package have the same general appearance and character of growth. 

Celery of distinctly different color such as Pascal (green) and self-blanching 

(yellow) should not be mixed and neither should celery with different types of growth 

such as the short, flaring type and the long, compact straight type of stalks. 

Spotted Wilt (Q) 

Spotted wilt is caused by a virus and occurs as necrotic areas on the midribs and 

as yellow, rust colored or dark brown spots on the leaves. Spotted wilt is spread by 

infected thrips that feed on celery at the field level. 

Scoring Guide

Score as damage when materially affecting the appearance of the tops, or when 

the aggregate area affected on the midribs exceeds 2/3 of a square inch. Score as 

serious damage when seriously affecting the appearance of the tops, or when the 

aggregate area affecting the midribs exceeds one square inch. 

Suckers (Q) 

Suckers are slender branches growing in between well-developed branches. 

Scoring Guide 

When suckers are so numerous as to materially affect the appearance, they shall 

be scored as damage. Stalks will rarely be seriously damaged by suckers; however, 

should the suckers be large and very numerous they shall be scored as serious 

damage. 

Refer to visual aid, photographs CEL-1-Ident suckers. 

Trimming (Q) 

U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 are required to be “Well trimmed.” 
26

U.S. No. 2 is required to be “Fairly well trimmed.” 

§51.571 “Well trimmed” means that not more than 2 relatively thin, 

short or spindly, or coarse and fibrous outer branches remain; that 

the main root has been cut off so as not to extend more than 1-1/2 

inches below the point of attachment of the lowest outer branch; that 

secondary rootlets are not of such number or length as to materially 

affect the appearance of the stalk; and, that the appearance is not 

materially affected by the presence of discolored leaves or by 

excessive removal of leaves or portions of leaves. 

§51.585 “Fairly well trimmed” means that the main root has been cut 

off so that it does not extend more than 3 inches below the point of 

attachment of the lowest outer branch, and that secondary rootlets 

are not of such number or length as to seriously affect the 

appearance of the stalk. 

Scoring Guide 

U.S. Extra No. 1 and U.S. No. 1 celery that fails to meet the requirements of “well 

trimmed” shall be reported as “not well trimmed,” and scored against the total tolerance 

for the grade. 

U.S. No. 2 celery that fails to meet the requirements of “fairly well trimmed” shall 

be reported as “not fairly well trimmed,” and scored against the total tolerance for the 

grade. 

Refer to visual aid, Illustration CEL 10 located in the standards, for a sketch 

illustrating trimming. 

Soft Rot (C) 

There are several types of soft rot that affect celery. The most common types 

are Watery Soft Rot, Bacterial Soft Rot, Gray Mold Rot and Phoma Rot. Soft rot may be 

found in any part of the celery stalk but is most commonly found in the midribs and tops. 

All soft rot is scored against the 2% tolerance for soft rot regardless of where it is found 

in the stalk. It is often found in the hearts following blackheart or in the leaves or leaf 

stems. The type of soft rot is not to be reported on the certificate. However, when soft 

rot is in excess of the tolerance, report the degree and advancement in general terms 

as: early, moderate, or advanced stages. 
27

APPENDIX I -- U. S. GRADE STANDARDS 

United States Standards For Grades Of Celery1

Effective April 7, 1959 

GRADES 

51.560 U.S. Extra No. 1. 

51.561 U.S. No. 1. 

51.562 U.S. No. 2. 

UNCLASSIFIED 

51.563 Unclassified. 

COUNT 

51.564 Requirements as to count. 

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES 

51.565 Application of tolerances. 

DEFINITIONS 

51.566 Stalk. 

51.567 Similar varietal characteristics. 

51.568 Well developed. 

51.569 Well formed. 

51.570 Clean. 

51.571 Well trimmed. 

51.572 Compact. 

51.573 Damage. 

51.574 Green. 

51.575 Fairly well blanched. 

51.576 Mixed blanch. 

51.577 Average midrib length. 

51.578 Branch. 

51.579 Length of stalk. 

51.580 Fairly well developed. 

51.581 Fairly well formed. 

51.582 Fairly compact. 

51.583 Reasonably well developed. 

51.584 Reasonably well formed. 

51.585 Fairly well trimmed. 

51.586 Serious damage. 

51.587 Diameter. 

51.588 Length of seedstem. 

GRADES 

§51.560 U.S. Extra No. 1. 

“U.S. Extra No. 1” consists of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics which are well developed, 

well formed, clean, well trimmed, compact, and which are free from blackheart, brown stem, soft rot, 

doubles and free from damage caused by freezing, growth cracks, horizontal cracks, pithy branches, 

seedstems, suckers, wilting, blight, other disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Stalks shall be 

green unless specified as fairly well blanched, or mixed blanch. 

 

1

Compliance with the provisions of these standards shall not excuse failure to comply with the provisions of the 

Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or with applicable State laws and regulations.
28

(a) The average midrib length of the outer whorl of branches shall be not less than 7 inches. 

(b) Unless otherwise specified in connection with the grade, stalks shall be of such length as to extend 

from one side, end or bottom of the container to within 1-1/2 inches of the corresponding opposite side, 

end or top of the container. Such measurement shall not include the bulge. In any container when stalk 

length is specified, it shall be the minimum length in terms of whole inches of even number, as 12 inches, 

14 inches, etc., in accordance with the facts. 

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall 

be permitted: 

(1) For defects. 10 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the requirements of the 

grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for soft rot; 

(2) For off-length stalks. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the minimum length 

required or specified; and, 

(3) For off-length midribs. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the requirements 

as to average midrib length. 

§51.561 U.S. No. 1. 

“U.S. No. 1” consists of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics which are fairly well developed, 

fairly well formed, well trimmed, fairly compact, and which are free from blackheart and soft rot and free 

from damage caused by freezing, growth cracks, horizontal cracks, pithy branches, seedstems, suckers, 

dirt, doubles, wilting, blight, other disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Stalks shall be green 

unless specified as fairly well blanched, or mixed blanch. 

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the average midrib length of the outer whorl of branches shall be not less 

than 6 inches. 

(b) Unless otherwise specified in connection with the grade, stalks shall be of such length as to extend 

from one side, end or bottom of the container to within 1-1/2 inches of the corresponding opposite side, 

end or top of the container. Such measurement shall not include the bulge. In any container when stalk 

length is specified, it shall be the minimum length in terms of whole inches of even number, as 12 inches, 

14 inches, etc., in accordance with the facts. 

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall 

be permitted: 

(1) For defects. 10 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks, which fail to meet the requirements of the 

grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for soft rot; 

(2) For off-length stalks. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the minimum length 

required or specified; and, 

(3) For off-length midribs. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the requirements 

as to average midrib length. 

§51.562 U.S. No. 2. 

“U.S. No. 2” consists of stalks of celery of similar varietal characteristics which are reasonably well 

developed, reasonably well formed, fairly well trimmed and are free from blackheart and soft rot and free 

from serious damage caused by freezing, growth cracks, horizontal cracks, pithy branches, seedstems, 

dirt, doubles, wilting, blight, other disease, insects or mechanical or other means. Stalks shall be green 

unless specified as fairly well blanched, or mixed blanch. 

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the average midrib length of the outer whorl of branches shall be not less 

than 4 inches. 

(b) Unless otherwise specified in connection with the grade, stalks shall be of such length as to extend 

from one side, end or bottom of the container to within 1-1/2 inches of the corresponding opposite side, 

end or top of the container. Such measurement shall not include the bulge. In any container when stalk 

length is specified, it shall be the minimum length in terms of whole inches of even number, as 12 inches, 

14 inches, etc., in accordance with the facts. 

(c) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, the following tolerances shall 

be permitted: 

(1) For defects. 10 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks, which fail to meet the requirements of the 

grade, including therein not more than 2 percent for soft rot; 

(2) For off-length stalks. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the minimum length 

required or specified; and, 

(3) For off-length midribs. 5 percent, by count, in any lot for stalks which fail to meet the requirements 

as to average midrib length. 
29

UNCLASSIFIED 

§51.563 Unclassified. 

“Unclassified” consists of stalks of celery which have not been classified in accordance with any of the 

foregoing grades. The term “unclassified” is not a grade within the meaning of these standards but is 

provided as a designation to show that no grade has been applied to the lot. 

COUNT 

§51.564 Requirements as to count. 

(a) The number of stalks of celery in the container may be specified by numerical count or in terms of 

dozens or half-dozens. Variations from the number specified shall be permitted as follows: 

Provided, that the average for the lot is not less than the number specified: 

Variations

Permitted 

Specified number per in individual 

package: packages

24 stalks or less 1 stalk variation. 

25 to 50 stalks, inclusive 3 stalk variation. 

51 to 70 stalks, inclusive 4 stalk variation. 

More than 70 stalks 5 stalk variation. 

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES 

§51.565 Application of tolerances. 

(a) The contents of individual packages in the lot, based on sample inspection, are subject to the 

following limitations: Provided, That the averages for the entire lot are within the tolerances specified: 

(1) For packages which contain 20 specimens or more and a tolerance of 10 percent or more is provided, 

individual packages in any lot may contain not more than one and one-half times the tolerance specified. 

For packages which contain 20 specimens or more and a tolerance of less than 10 percent is provided, 

individual packages may contain not more than double the tolerance specified except that at least one 

defective and one off-size specimen may be permitted in any package; and, 

(2) For packages which contain less than 20 specimens, individual packages in any lot may contain not 

more than double the tolerance specified, except that at least one defective and one off-size specimen 

may be permitted in any package: Provided, That for packages which contain 6 specimens or less, 

individual packages in any lot are not restricted as to the percentage of defects: And provided further,

That not more than one specimen which is affected by decay or otherwise seriously damaged and one 

off-size specimen may be permitted in any package. 

DEFINITIONS 

§51.566 Stalk. “Stalk” means an individual plant. 

§51.567 Similar varietal characteristics. 

“Similar varietal characteristics” means that the stalks in any package have the same general appearance 

and character of growth. 

§51.568 Well developed. 

“Well developed” means that the branches are of good width and thickness in relation to the length of 

midribs and type of celery and that the heart branches are of reasonable number, length and stockiness. 

§51.569 Well formed. 

“Well formed” means that the branches are fairly straight and not more than slightly curved or twisted. 

§51.570 Clean. 

“Clean” means that the stalk is practically free from dirt or other foreign material. Stalks shall be permitted 

to have a small amount of dirt on the inside of the branches or in the heart branches which cannot be 

removed by good commercial methods of washing. 

§51.571 Well trimmed. 

“Well trimmed” means that not more than 2 relatively thin, short or spindly, or coarse and fibrous outer 

branches remain; that the main root has been cut off so as not to extend more than 1-1/2 inches below 

the point of attachment of the lowest outer branch; that secondary rootlets are not of such number or 

length as to materially affect the appearance of the stalk; and, that the appearance is not materially 

affected by the presence of discolored leaves or by excessive removal of leaves or portions of leaves. 

§51.572 Compact. 
30

“Compact” means that the branches on the stalk are fairly close together throughout most of their length. 

§51.573 Damage. 

“Damage,” unless otherwise specifically defined in this section, means any defect which materially affects 

the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the celery stalk or the general appearance of the 

stalks in the container. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects the seriousness of 

which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as damage: 

(a) Growth cracks when more than 2 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch 

in length, or when more than 6 branches have growth cracks; 

(b) Horizontal cracks when more than 3 branches have horizontal cracks which are over one-half inch in 

length, or when more than 6 branches have horizontal cracks; 

(c) Pithy branches when more than 2 are pithy in that portion of the midrib between a point 1-1/2 inches 

above the point of attachment to the base and the first node, or between a point 1-1/2 inches below the 

first node and the point of attachment to the base, or when pith occurs at both ends of the midrib and 

more than a total of 1-1/2 inches is affected: Provided, That stalks having 6 outer branches or less shall 

have not more than one-third of the outer branches affected by pith as described above; 

(d) Seedstems when the length of seedstem exceeds twice the diameter of the stalk or 8 inches in length 

(see §§51.587 and 51.588); 

(e) Dirt when there is caked dirt on the stalk, or when dirt is present between the branches to the extent 

that the appearance is materially affected; 

(f) Doubles when not separated and the appearance is materially affected, or when separated and either 

of the stalks is badly curved; 

(g) Disease: (1) Brown stem, cracked stem and crater blotch when materially affecting more than 2 

branches, or when the aggregate area exceeds two-thirds of a square inch on the branches; and, 

(2) Discoloration when each of more than 2 branches or 1/4 of the branches of the stalk, whichever is 

less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring on the outer side of the 

branch or an aggregate area of more than 1/4 by 1 inch of blotch or solid type discoloration occurring on 

the inner side; 

(h) Insects when worms are present, or when insect injury occurs on heart branches, or when insect injury 

affects the midrib portion of more than 2 branches, or when injury on other portions materially affects the 

appearance of the stalk; and, 

(i) Mechanical injury when the root has been cut off too closely leaving the branches without support; 

when more than 2 branches are materially scuffed or bruised; when the branches have been broken 

above the first node to an extent which materially affects the appearance; or when more than 2 branches 

are broken below the first node except that all branches may be cut below the first node provided the 

stalk is of the length specified. 

§51.574 Green. 

“Green” means that the middle portions of the outer branches on the stalk are generally green to light 

green color. 

§51.575 Fairly well blanched. 

“Fairly well blanched” means that the midrib portions of the outer branches on the stalk are generally of a 

creamy white to pale green color. 

§51.576 Mixed blanch. 

“Mixed blanch” consists of green and fairly well blanched stalks of celery in the same container. 

§51.577 Average midrib length. 

“Average midrib length” means the average length of all the branches in the outer whorl measured from 

the point of attachment at the base to the first node. 

§51.578 Branch. 

“Branch” means the leaf of a stalk and consists of the edible stem-like portion and the tops or leaf blades. 

§51.579 Length of stalk. 

“Length of stalk” means the distance from where the root is cut off to a point which represents the 

average length of the longest branches. 

§51.580 Fairly well developed. 

“Fairly well developed” means that the branches are of fairly good width and thickness in relation to the 

length of midribs and type of celery and that there is not excessive open space in the center of the stalk. 

§51.581 Fairly well formed. 
31

“Fairly well formed” means that the branches are reasonably straight and not more than moderately 

curved or twisted. 

§51.582 Fairly compact. 

“Fairly compact” means that the branches on the stalk are reasonably close together throughout most of 

their length. 

§51.583 Reasonably well developed. 

“Reasonably well developed” means that the branches are of reasonable width and thickness in relation 

to the length of midribs and type of celery. 

§51.584 Reasonably well formed. 

“Reasonably well formed” means that the branches are not crooked, curved or twisted to the extent that 

the appearance of the stalk is seriously affected. 

§51.585 Fairly well trimmed. 

“Fairly well trimmed” means that the main root has been cut off so that it does not extend more than 3 

inches below the point of attachment of the lowest outer branch, and that secondary rootlets are not of 

such number or length as to seriously affect the appearance of the stalk. 

§51.586 Serious damage. 

“Serious damage,” unless otherwise specifically defined in this section, means any defect which seriously 

affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the celery stalk or the general appearance of 

the stalks in the container. Any one of the following defects, or any combination of defects the 

seriousness of which exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect, shall be considered as serious 

damage: 

(a) Growth cracks when more than 4 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch 

in length, or when more than 8 branches have growth cracks; 

(b) Horizontal cracks when more than 5 branches have horizontal cracks which are over one-half inch in 

length, or when more than 8 branches have horizontal cracks; 

(c) Pithy branches when more than 4 are pithy in that portion of the midrib between a point 1-1/2 inches 

above the point of attachment to the base and the first node, or between a point 1-1/2 inches below the 

first node and the point of attachment to the base, or when pith occurs at both ends of the midrib and 

more than a total of 1-1/2 inches is affected: Provided, That stalks having 6 outer branches or less shall 

have not more than one-half of the outer branches affected by pith as described above; 

(d) Seedstems when the length of seedstem exceeds 3 times the diameter of the stalk (see §§51.587 and 

51.588); 

(e) Dirt when dirt is badly caked on the stalk; 

(f) Doubles when the inner branches are not fairly well protected; 

(g) Disease: (1) Brown stem, cracked stem and crater blotch when seriously affecting more than 4 

branches, or when the aggregate area exceeds 1 square inch on the branches; and, 

(2) Discoloration when each of more than 5 branches or 1/2 of the branches of the stalk, whichever is 

less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring on the outer side of the 

branch or an aggregate area of more than 1/4 by 1 inch of blotch or solid type discoloration occurring on 

the inner side; 

(h) Insects when worms are present, or when insect injury affects the midrib portion of more than 4 

branches, or when injury on other portions seriously affects the appearance of the stalk; and, 

(i) Mechanical injury when the root has been cut off too closely leaving the branches without support; 

when more than 4 branches are materially scuffed or bruised; when the branches have been broken 

above the first node to an extent which seriously affects the appearance; or when more than 4 branches 

are broken below the first node except all branches may be cut below the first node provided the stalk is 

of the length specified. 

§51.587 Diameter. 

“Diameter” means the greatest dimension of the stalk measured at a point 2 inches above the point of 

attachment of the lowest outer branch to the base. 

§51.588 Length of seedstem. 

“Length of seedstem” means the distance from the base of the outer branches of the stalk to the top of 

the actual seedstem, exclusive of any leaves or leafstems attached to the top of the seedstem. 
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

APPENDIX II NOTESHEET AND CERTIFICATE EXAMPLES 
44
45